第一篇：2012年职称英语考试综合类A级真题试卷及参考答案
2012年职称英语考试综合类A级真题试卷及参考答案
第一部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.He shifted his position a little in order to(alleviate)the pain in his leg.A.control
B.easy
C.experience
D.suffer
2.Our aim was to(update)the health service, and we succeeded.A.offer
B.provide C.modernize D.fund
3.She moves from one(exotic)location to another.A.unusual
B.familiar
C.similar D.proper
4.Nothing would(induce)me to vote for him again.A.teach
B.help
C.discourage D.attract
5.The photographs(evoked)strong memories of our holiday in France.A.refreshed B.stored C.blocked D.erased
6.The weather was(crisp)and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A.hot
B.heavy C.fresh
D.windy
7.Every week the magazine presents the(profile)of a well-known sports personality.A.success B.description
C.evidence D.plan
8.Her comments about men are(utterly)ridiculous completely.A.slightly
B.completely C.partly D.faintly
9.The walls are made of(hollow)concrete blocks.A.big
B.empty C.long D.now 10.We almost(ran into)a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.A.overtook B.hit C.passed D.found
11.When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldn’t resist having a(peep)look.A.chance B.visit C.look D.try
12.He has been granted(asylum)in France.A.power B.relief C.protection D.license
13.He was(weary)of the constant battle between them.A.fond B.tired C.proud D.afraid
14.Newborn babies can(discriminate)between a man’s and a woman`s voice.A.treat
B.distinguish C.express D.analyzes
15.All the flats in the building had the same(layout)arrangement.A.color B.size C.function D.arrangement
答案：
alleviate—ease
update—modernize
exotic—unusual
induce—attract
evoked—refreshed
crisp—fresh
profile—description
utterly—completely
hollow—empty
ran into—hit
peep—look
asylum—protection
weary—tired
discriminate—distinguish
layout—arrangement
第二部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
In Sports, Red is the Winning Color
When opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more likely to win, according to a new study.British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman-wresting, and freestyle-wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors.When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill, athletes wearing red were more likely to win the bout.“Where there was a large point difference—presumably because one contestant was far superior to the other—color had no effect on the outcome,” Barton said.“Where there was a small point difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance.”
In equally matched bouts, the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to chance, the anthropologists say.Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the Euro 2004 international soccer tournament.Their report will be published in tomorrow's issue of the journal Nature.Joanna Setchell, a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England, has found similar results in nature.Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her, addding that “the idea of the study is very clever.”
Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates—“red seems to be the color, across species, that signals male dominance and testosterone levels,” Barton said.For example, studies by Setchell, the Cambridge primate researcher, show that dominant male mandrills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps.Another study by other scientists shows that red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds' dominance.Barton said he and Hill speculated some speculated that “there might be a similar effect in humans.And if so, it could be apparent in sporting contests.”
The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans' response to color.Setchell, the primatologist, agrees.“As Hill and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry and pale when we're scared.These are very important signals to other individuals,” she said.The advantage of red may be intuitively known, judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports—“though it is clearly not very widely appreciated, on a conscious level at least,” Barton said.He adds that the finding of red's advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire.In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study, for example, it is possible some medal winners may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.“That is the implication, though we cannot say that it made the difference in any one specific case,” Barton said.Meanwhile, Setchell noted—tongue-in-cheek—that a red advantage may not be limited to sports.“Going by the recent [U.S.] election results, red is indeed quite successful,” she said.16.Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcome of sports matched.17.Hill and Barton are both interested in primates.18.Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.19.Red is not an advantage for zebra finches.20.The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.21.Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.22.Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sports uniforms.答案：
16.Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcomes of sports matches.答案为A(right).相关句：They(Hill and Barton)„reached the conclusion by studying the outcomes of boxing„
The outcomes 回应上文中提到的“the team dressed in red is more likely to win”
17.Hill and Barton are both interested in primates(灵长目).答案为A(right).相关句：Hill and Barton got the idea for the study from a mutual interest in primates.18.Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.答案为B(wrong).相关句：Red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.19.Red is not an advantage for Zebra finches(斑胸草雀).答案为B(wrong).相关句：Scientists put red plastic rings on the legs of male Zebra females, which increased the bird’s success in finding a mate.20.The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.答案为C（not mentioned）.21.Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.答案为A(right).相关句：Across a range of sports, we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning.22.Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sport uniforms.答案为C(not mentioned)
相关句：the discovery of red’s advantage might lead to new regulations on sports uniforms.第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
How technology pushes down price
The Treaty of Breda, signed in 1667 after a war between the English and Dutch in which the English were worsted, gave the Dutch the big prize: Run, a small island in the Indonesian archipelago which was the world's principal source of nutmeg.The margin on nutmeg at the time was around 3,200%.The English, as a consolation prize, got Manhattan.As an illustration of the long-term fall in food prices compared with other goods, that is a sharp one.But deflation has characterized the food business for centuries, because of continual advances in food production and distribution technology.Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances.Malthusians, whose descendants until quite recently predicted that the world would run out of food, have thereby been confounded.More and more food is being produced by fewer and fewer people with less and less capital;it is therefore ever more plentiful and cheaper.Since demand is to some extent limited by the size of people's stomachs, spending on food compared with other goods has been falling for many years, and continues to drop(see chart 4).Genetically modified(GM)seeds are the latest manifestation of a production revolution that started with Charles “Turnip” Townsend, who in the 18th century laid the basis for crop rotation.Organic fertilisers were replaced by chemical ones in the 19th century.The railway opened up the American mid-west.The horse replaced the cow, the combine harvester the horse.After the second world war, dwarf varieties of wheat and rice(which overcame the problem that heavily fertilised crops in hot countries grew too tall and fell over)boosted developing-country output.The “green revolution” helped trigger a more recent “livestock revolution”, documented by Chris Delgado, who works jointly for the International Food Policy Research Institute and the International Livestock Research Institute.Higher incomes and urbanisation, combined with falling food prices, have boosted meat and milk consumption in developing countries.By 1997, real beef prices were a third their level in 1971.Over that period, meat consumption in developing countries rose five-fold, three times as fast as in developed countries.Milk consumption rose three-fold.By the 1980s, advances in conventional plant breeding had tailed off, but GM made it possible to do things with DNA that conventional breeding could not do.Despite scaremongering in Europe, GM technology is spreading elsewhere: most of the world's soya is now GM.Producing lots of food is not much good unless you can distribute it, so advances in distribution technology have been as important as those in production technology.Salt, used to preserve food, which meant that it could be stored and traded, was an early aid to distribution.Canning arrived in the early 19th century, when a Frenchman discovered that food could be stored longer if it was heated before it was bottled, and a Briton worked out that tin cans were easier to transport than bottles;and both the British and the French armies used the technology to feed their troops in the Napoleonic wars.Francis Bacon, a British scientist and essayist, was an early victim of the struggle to develop refrigeration technology: he died in 1626 after eating some chicken that he had stuffed with snow as part of an experiment.In 1877 the first shipload of frozen beef was carried from Argentina to France.The impact on the food industry of the spread of the domestic refrigerator in the 20th century was rivalled only by that of the car, which changed the face of retailing by allowing supermarkets to develop.Supermarkets have helped push down prices principally because of their scale.Big businesses can invest in IT systems that make them efficient.And their size allows them to buy in bulk.The more concentrated the retail business becomes, the bigger supermarkets get, the further prices get pushed down until, of course, there is so much concentration that there is not enough competition.Britain's Competition Commission indicated earlier this year that the supermarket industry was moving towards that point: it refused to let any of the top three supermarket chains buy one of the smaller players.In America, however, where the size of the country means a more fragmented retail business, there is still scope for further concentration: the “black death”, as Wal-Mart is known in the trade, is expected to claim more victims.Wal-Mart's scale, the efficiency of its IT systems and the cheapness of its non-unionised labour force($8-10 an hour compared with $17-18 for mid-sized players such as Albertsons, A hold, Safeway and Kroger), give it a massive advantage.It sells Colgate toothpaste for an average of 63% of its competitors' price, Tropicana orange juice for 58% and Kellogg's Corn Flakes for 56%.Analysts expect at least one of the mid-sized firms to disappear.The concentration of power among retailers has led to another stage in the shift in power down the food chain.Once upon a time, power lay with landlords.In the 20th century, as processing and distribution became more important, so did the food producers.Lord Haskins, Tony Blair's adviser on farming, recalls going to food industry conferences in the 1970s, when there would be a line of Rolls-Royces outside, all belonging to producers.Retailer concentration has shifted power(and profits)further down the food chainNo longer.Retailer concentration has shifted power(and profits)further down the food chain.But the retailers are not the type to swank around in flash cars.They are ostentatiously parsimonious, advertising their determination to keep prices down.Wal-Mart's headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas, is in a converted warehouse.Tesco, Britain's biggest private-sector employer, has its headquarters in a Stalinist bunker in a nasty bit of north-east London.Beside the main reception its share price is proudly displayed on one of those blackboards with white plastic letters stuck on to it that you see in the cheapest sandwich bars.One of the manifestations of retailers' power(which also reinforces it)is the growth of private-label(ie, supermarket-not producer-branded)goods.In 2002, according to the Boston Consulting Group, own-label made up 39% of grocery sales in Britain, 21% in France and only 16% in the United States, but everybody thinks that, as retailing becomes more concentrated, America is going the way of Britain.Retailers can sell private-label only if the price cuts they offer mean more to consumers than a producer's brand.As own-label has expanded, so supermarkets have been taking all but the most successful brands off their shelves.“If you are a must-have brand it's fine,” says Dido Harding, Tesco's commercial director.“If you're a sub-global brand, life's much harder.”The shift in power to retailers has put pressure on producers' margins, hence huge programmes of cuts.Since 2000, Uni-lever has cut its workforce by 33,000 to 245,000 and dropped lots of minor brands as part of its “path to growth” strategy.Cadbury is the latest to announce big cuts: in October it said that it will be shutting 20% of its 133 factories and cutting 10% of its 55,000 global workforce.These cuts should help keep costs, and thus the price of food, low.Does cheap food make people unhealthy? In some ways.Hydrogenated vegetable oil, for instance—vegetable fat made solid by adding hydrogen atoms—is the nutritionists' current bête noire.Widely used as a cheap substitute for butter and cream, it is the main dietary source of trans fats.Trans fats are heavily implicated in heart disease;companies are taking them out of products for fear of lawsuits.Cheap food may also make people eat more.In a paper entitled “Why have Americans become more obese?” David Cutler, Jesse Shapiro and Edward Glaeser, a group of Harvard economists, note that, among OECD countries, obesity is correlated to the level of regulation: the more food laws, the more protected local producers are, the harder it is to import technology, the slimmer people tend to be.They reckon that is because of price: the less regulated a country, the cheaper a Big Mac tends to be.But it could be another factor: heavily regulated countries might, for instance, be places with stronger family ties where real meals have survived and people eat fewer snacks and less fast food.Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better dealFood companies certainly think giving people more food for their money makes them buy more.That is why portions have been getting larger and larger.In America, soft drinks, which used to come in 8oz and then 12oz containers now come in 20oz ones.As Dennis Lombardi of Technomic, a food-industry consultancy in Chicago, points out, giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal.“If I can give you an 8oz portion for $7, I can give you a 12oz portion for $8.The only incremental cost to me is the food, which probably cost 25 cents.” Everybody, therefore, has done it.Scientists have shown that portion size partly determines how much people eat.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, fed subjects macaroni cheese, some in 2.5-cup portions, some in 5-cup portions.The ones with the big portions ate 27% more, on average, than those with small portions but did not report feeling any fuller.Brian Wansink at the University of Illinois found that if you give movie-goers an extra-large bucket of popcorn, they eat nearly half as much again as if you give them the next size down, even if the popcorn is stale.Now companies are under pressure to stop selling people more for less.But it is a hard trend to reverse, as Mr Lombardi points out.“How about I give you a third less food for $1 less? I don't think so.”
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4
A.Huge retailers force producers to cunt costs
B.Consumers like supermarkets
C.Technology helps reduce food prices
D.Food comes cheaper in larger portions
E.Chain stores provide better service
F.Bigger supermarkets offer lower prices
27.Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in___
28.Some food producers have reduced___
29.Besides cutting its workforce, unilever also abandoned its___
30.Buyers like bigger portion because they think they have got___
A.their workforce
B.huge portions
C.large quantities
D.their money
E.a good barging
F.minor brands 答案：
23．C technology helps reduce food prices 24.F bigger supermarkets offer lower prices 25.A.Huge retailers force producers to cut costs 26．D． food comes cheaper in larger portions 27.Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy ___.答案为C: in bulk = in large quantities 28.Some forced producers have reduced ___ 答案为F。minor brands 29．Besides cutting its cost, Unilever also abandoned its ____ 答案为A.their workforce
30．Buyers like big portions because they think they have got ___.答案为E。a good bargain = a better deal 第四部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
DNA testing
31.What is the main idea of this passage?
A.DNA testing has changed the American legal system.B.DNA testing has helped innocent men go free in Illinois.C.DNA testing uses genetics to identify a person.D.DNA testing has played a key role in criminal investigation.32.DNA testing was first used in a criminal case by
A.a lawyer in New York
B.students in Illinois
C.doctors in the United States
D.police in Great Britain
33.The innocence project uses DNA testing to
A.set free innocent prisoner
B.help the police put people in prison
C.find out which lawyer are incompetent
D.prove that suspects are guilty
34.Some students in Northwestern University
A.proved some prisoners were not guilty
B.believed some suspects were from ethnic groups
C.told the governors of Illinois not to free the prisoners
D.showed DNA testing was not always reliable
35.What is the author’s attitude toward DNA testing?
A.Negative
B.Positive
C.Suspicious
D.Indifferent 答案：
31.What’s is the main idea of this passage?
答案为D: DNA testing has played a key role in criminal investigation.相关句（文章最后两句）：But for those whose innocence has been proven and who are now free man, DNA testing has meant nothing less than a return to life.And with the careful use of DNA testing, no innocent person should ever be convicted again.32．DNA testing was first used in a criminal case by ___.答案为D.police in great Britain 相关句：the very first use of DNA testing in a criminal case was in 1985 in great Britain.„because police had found samples of the killer’s DNA „ 33.The Innocence Project uses DNA testing to ___.答案为A.set free innocent prisoners 相关句：in 1992, two law professors, decided to use DNA evidence to help set free such mistakenly convicted prisoner.They created a organization called the innocence project.34.Some students in Northwestern University____.答案为A.proved some prisoners were not guilty.相关句：The students(at Northwestern University)proved that in fact the prisoners were not guilty of the crime they had been accused of.35.What is the author’s attitude towards DNA testing? 答案为：B.positive 第二篇
Going Her Own Way
When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life.She decided that she wanted to continue her education, Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school，though some attended private Catholic “finishing” schools.There they learned a little about music，art，needlework，and how to make polite conversation.This was not the sort of education that interested Maria —or her mother.By this time，she had begun to take her studies more seriously.She read constantly and brought her books everywhere.One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark.Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way.That meant attending the public high school，something that very few girls did.In Italy at the time，there were two types of high schools: the “classical” schools and the “technical” schools.In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of studies，with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history1.The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.Maria，however，wanted to attend a technical school.The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages，mathematics，science，and accounting2.Most people — including Maria's father — believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects.Furthermore，they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.Maria did not care if it was proper or not.Math and science were the subjects that interested her most.But before she could sign up for the technical school，she had to win her father' sapproval.She finally did，with her mother's help，though for many years after，there was tension in the family.Maria's father continued to oppose her plans，while her mother helped her.In 1883，at age thirteen，Maria entered the “Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti” in Rome.Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine.Though the courses included modern subjects，the teaching methods were very traditional.Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher.Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way.Teachers were very demanding，discipline in the classroom was strict，and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.答案：
36.Maria wanted to attend a ____.答案为C.technical high school.37.In those days, most Italian girls ___.答案为B.didn’t go to high school.38.Maria’s father probably ___.答案为B.had a traditional view about women.39.High school teachers in Italy in those days were very ___.答案为D.strict 40.We can infer from this passage that __ 答案为D.Maria was a girl of strong will
第三篇
Gross National Happiness
In the last century，new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries.However，one country resisted these changes.High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia，the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate.Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years.Bhutan，however，was a poor country.People died at a young age.Most of its people could not read，and they did not know much about the outside world.Then，in 1972，a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern，but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas.He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product（GNP）。The GNP measures products and money.When the number of products sold increases，people say the country is making progress.King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan.He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness.If the people’s happiness increased，the king could say that Bhutan was making progress.To decide if people were happier，he created a measure called Gross National Happiness（GNH）。
GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness.People are happier if they have health care，education，and jobs.They are happier when they live in a healthy，protected environment.They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs.Finally，people are happier when they have a good，stable government.Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan.People are healthier and are living longer.More people are educated and employed.Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks，and the country has almost no pollution.The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs.Bhutan has also become a democracy.In 2008，King Wangchuck gave his power to his son.Although the country still had a king，it held its first democratic elections that year.Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time.Finally，Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social progress.Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH.These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.They want to create new policies that take care of their people，cultures，and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH.Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration.Brazil is a large country with a diverse population.If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil，perhaps the rest of the world will follow.41.Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?
A.A president.B.A Buddhist priest.C.A general.D.A king.42.Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?
A.To make its population grow.B.To keep it separate from the world.C.To encourage its people to get rich.D.To keep its tradition and customs.43.A country shows its progress with GNP by
A.selling more products.B.spending more money.C.spending less money.D.providing more jobs.44.According to GNH, people are happier if they
A.have new technology.B.can change their religion.C.have a good, stable government.D.have more money.45.Today, many countries are
A.using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.B.working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.C.taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.D.trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.答案：
41．Who was Wangchuck? 答案为D.king 相关句（第一段）：„anew ruler called king Wangchuck„
42.Apart from modernization modernizing Bhuta, whatelse did Wangchuck want to do for Bhuta? 答案为D.keep its traditions and customs.相关句：Wangchuck decided to helpBhuta to become modern, but without losing itstraditions.43.A country shows its progress with GNPby ___.答案为A.selling more products 相关句：The GNP measures products and money.When thenumber of products sold increases people say the country is making progress.44.According to GNH, people are happier ifthey ___.答案为C.have a good stable government 45.Today many countries are ___.答案为D.trying to find their ownways to measure happiness.相关句：Many countriesare interested in Hutan’s GNH.These countriesare investigating their own ways to measure happiness.第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
标题： the mysteries of Nazca
A.Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.B.A Swiss writer named Erich Von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.C.Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs.D.The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies.E.Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.F.He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world”.答案：
46.答案为E.seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.解析：It 指代空格上文中的：one of the most unusual artworks 47.答案为:B.A Swiss(瑞士)writer named Erich wrote that Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.解析： the Nazca lines
回应空格上文中的lines UFOs呼应空格下文中的spaceship 48.答案为F.He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world”.解析：He 回指空格上文中的an American explorer Paul Astronomy 回应空格上文中的stars, planets 49．D.The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies.解析：largest与空格下文中的big呼应
Ceremonies与空格上文中的religious reasons呼应
50．A.Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.解析：other scientists 与空格上文中的two scientists 呼应 第6部分：完形填空（第52~65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
The Old Gate
In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them.This was partly for 51 defensive(变化)reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious 52 diseases.The Old City of London gates were all 53 demolished by the end of the 18th century.The last of London's gates was removed a century ago, 54 but(变化)by a stoke of luck, it was never destroyed.This gate is，in 55 actual fact, not called a gate at all;its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the 56 border(换词了，原文boundary)between the Old City of London and Westminster.In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar 57 down(变化), numbered the stones and put the gate in storage 58 because(变化)its design was unfashionable it was expensive to 59 maintain and it was blocking the traffic.The Temple Bar Trust was setup in the 1970's with the 60 intention(变化)of returning the gate home.The aim of the trust is the 61 preservation of the nation's architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will 62 mean(变化)physically pulling it down, stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul's Cathedral.Most of the facade of the gate will probably be 63 replaced, though there is a good 64 chance that the basic structure will be sound.The hardest 65 job of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.51.()
A.sensitive
B.defensive
C.offensive
D.primitive
52.（）
A.diseases
B.injuries
C.symptoms
D.colds
53.（）
A.devoted
B.declared
C.decreased
D.demolished
54.（）
A.for B.or
C.but
D.none
55.（）A.real
B.actual
C.usual
D.current
56.（）
A.pares
B.limit
C.lines
D.borders
57.（）
A.along
B.down
C.up
D.away
58.（）
A.while
B.where
C.that
D.because
59.（）
A.discover
B.repair C.fix
D.maintain
60.（）
A.opinion
B.project
C.intention
D.design
61.（）
A.conversion
B.preservation
C.reservation
D.registration
62.（）
A.mean
B.stop
C.keep
D.continue
63.（）
A.stored
B.exchange
C.replaced
D.recognized 64.（）
A.chance
B.fate
C.lesson
D.idea
65.（）
A.case
B.voice
C.job
D.type
答案：
51.defensive
52.diseases
53.demolished
54.but
55.actual
56.borders
57.down
58.because
59.maintain
60.intention
61.preservation 62.mean
63.replaced
64.chance
65.job
第二篇：2008年职称英语考试综合类(A级)真题
2008年职称英语考试综合类（A级）真题
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.With immense relief，l Stopped running.A somehttp
B enormous
C little
D extensive
2.The scientists began to accumulate data.A collect
B handle
C analyze
D investigate
3.Jack eventually overtook the last truck.A hithttp
B passed
C reached
D led
4.Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.A possible
B profitable
C easy
D wise
5.The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.A fact
B mystery
C statement
D game
6.That guy is really witty.A smart
B ugly
C honorable
D popular
7.The world champion suffered a sensational defeat.A reasonable
B dramatic
C humiliating
D horrifying
8.It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.A prepared
B trained
C qualified
D guided
9.This poem depicts.the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.A praises
B writes
C imitates
D describes
10.The meaning is still obscure
A vague
B transparent
C alien
D significant
11.Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies.A destroy
B decrease
C delay
D pollute
12.One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia.A assumes
B expectshttp
C predicts
D considers
13.It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.A remember
B follow
C understand
D learn
14.I hope that I didn’t do anything absurd last night.A awkward
B strange
C stupid
D awful there should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.A forbid
B advocate
C inherit
D withdraw
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
What Is Giobalization ?
It was the anti—globalization movement that really put globalization on the map.As a word it has existed since the 1 960s，but the protests against this allegedly new process，which its opponents condemn as a way of ordering people’S lives，brought globalization out of the financial and academic worlds and into everyday current affairs.()
In the late 1 980s and early 1 990s.the business model called the“globalized”financial market came to be seen as an entity that could have more than just an economic impact on the parts of the world it touched.Globalization came to be seen as more than simply a way of doing business，or running financial markets—it became a process.From then on the word took on a life of its own.So how does the globalized market work? It is modern communications that make it possible;for
the British service sector to deal with its customers through a call centre in India，or for a sportswear(运动服)manufacturer to design its products in Europe，make them in south.east Asia and sell them in north America.()
But this is where the anti—globalization side gets stuck in(关注).If these practices replace domestic economic life with an economy that is heavily influenced or controlled from overseas.then the creation of a globalized economic model and the process of globalization can also be seen as a surrender of power to the corporations，or a means of keeping poorer nations in their place。
Not everyone agrees that globalization is necessarily evil，or that globalized
corporations are running the lives of individuals or are more powerful than nations.Some say that the spread of globalization，free markets and free trade into the developing world is the best way to beat poverty—the only problem is that free markets and free()trade do not yet truly exist.Globalization can be seen as a positive，negative or even marginal process.And regardless of whether it works for good or ill，globalization’S exact meaning will continue to be the subject of debate among those who oppose，support or simply observe it。
16.Globalization is a term used only in the financial and academic worlds.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned()
17.Globalization can be best understood as a way of doing business.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18.Modern communications play an important role in globalization.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19.Britain has benefited quite a lot from globalization.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20.The opponent believe that globalization will keep the poorer nations in poverty.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21.The opponents think that globalization corporations have more power than nations.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22.Free markets and free trade will eventually prevail.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned()
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
A New Citizenship Test Last week a sample of the new US citizenship(公民身份)exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services(US—CLS).It will be tried out in 1 0 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008.Instead of asking how many stripes the USflag has，as the current test does，the new one asks why there are 13 stripes。Instead ofhaving to name the branches of government，an applicant is asked to explain why thereare three.“The goal is to make it more meaningful.”explains Emilio Gonzalez，director of theUS—CIS。Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better“understanding and respect”for US civic(公民的)values，Gonzalez says.The US isn’t the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a“ sharedcommitment”from immigrants for their adopted country’s“values”，In recent years，Inaddition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status-severalEuropean countries have adopted citizenship tests.Britain introduced a new citizenshiptest last November.In March，a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would—beimmigrants to take a citizenship test.It involved watching a video showing nude(裸体的)women bathing at beaches and gay(同性恋的)men kissing in public.The aim was toensure that“newcomers will be comfortable with the country’S liberal social mores(风俗)”.Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades.But，today，the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from local citizens by culture and they becomehostile to each other.Promoting integration has become a major concern for Europeancountries.after the rioting in Muslim ghettoes(少数民族聚居区)in France and the killingof Dutch public figures by religious extremists.Officials believe that a person’s attachment to a country can be tested by his or herknowledge of the country.However，some critics say that the changes can do little to helppeople’assimilate(同化)themselves.“Immigration is a culture war today-Is giving a newtest the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?”says Ali Noorani，of theMassachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition(难民辩护联盟)paragraph 2___________ paragraph 3___________ paragraph 4___________ paragraph 5___________
A.Preparation for taking a citizenship test
B.Citizenship tests in European counties
C.Importance of promoting integration
D.Necessity to know the branches of government
E.Different On the new citizenship test
F.Goal of the new citizenship test The qu~on8inthe new citizenship test are more difficult________.Would—beimmigrant8totheUS are expected________.In the Dutch citizenship test all would-be immigrants are required________.Some people fear that change in the citizenship test will do little________.A to know a lot more about the country
B to watch a video
C to helpimmignt8 accept the new culture
D to marry American citizens
E to do low-skill jobs
F to answer()
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇Centers of the Great European Cities
The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition-People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night.A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting，metropolitan atmosphere.Squares，plazas(广场)and arcades(拱廊)form the heart of Europe’s cities.Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco—a beautiful square surrounded by shops，churches，restaurants and caf6s.In Barcelona，Spain，LaBosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods.London’s Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians，acrobats(杂技演员)and artists by night.The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive.In London，they serve as a beautiful backdrop(背景)to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames.These vibrant(有活力的)hearts are the product of centuries of evolution，social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently.“The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don’t see all the mistakes，”said Garreau-“ Those have all been removed.”Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars.restaurants and cafes were near to，people’s homes.Today，the focus of many Europeans’life has moved away from the centers.They live in the suburbs and outskirts，driving to supermarkets to get their supplies.But on a continent where people treasure convention，there are still those who hold onto traditional ways，living and shopping locally.These people.together with tourists，provide the city centers with the reason for existence.Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing.this is Particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists this skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos(浓咖啡)and cigarettes.Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere.People In Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis.Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets.cafes and bars In the surrounding streets.An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo。The huge marble cathedral in Florence，Italy IS surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops，and caters not only to the tourist crowds，but also the local community.31.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe
A.has many large squares.B.has many very magnificent sky-scrapers.C.draws tourists in large numbers every year
D.has a center where tourists meet their spouses.32.Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden?
A.It is crowded with people.B.It is located in London.C.it is filled with stalls.D.It is surrounded by shops，churches，restaurants and cafes
33.Why do people think that Venice is SO great?
A.Because it is a famous tourist attraction.B.Because you can reach anywhere by boat.C.Because it is well.known for Its merchants.D.Because all the mistakes have been removed.34.What are Parisians famous for?
A.Their pursuit of independence.B.Their enthusiasm for conversation.C.Their ability to keep the city flourishing.D.Their devotion to developing a multiple culture.35.The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that
A.there is a tight link between church and society.B.all churches are magnificent.C.old churches are very popular.D.high—rise churches are impressive.第二篇 Doubtful Ways to Reduce and Increase Your Weight
You hear this：“No wonder you are fat.All you ever do is eat.”You feel sad：t “I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing。
Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the children of two obese(肥胖的)parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.”
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people。They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.After more than 1 0 weeks，the subjects lost 45ka on average.But after leaving the hospital，they all regained weight.The results were surprising：by metabolic(新陈代谢的)measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn'tresult In normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non—obese people.Thin people，however, suffer from the opposjte ：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight?In four to six months，they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent。But months after the study ended.they were back to normal weight and stayed there.This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly baffle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight。the findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range.The range might be as much as 9kg.Someone might weigh 60_69kg without too much effort.But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult.The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.36.What determines your weight?
A.Your working manner
B.Your eating habit。
C.Your life style.D.Your genes.37.What did Jules Hirsch do to the eight fat people in his study?
A.He let them skip supper
B.He let them skip breakfast.C.He let them run every morning and evening.D.He gave them a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.38.What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?
A.They went mad.B.They killed themselves.C.They were back to normal weight.D.They attempted suicide.39.Ethan Sims made his subjects
A.battle their genetic inheritance
B.increase their weight.C.suffer from hunger
D.lower their weight.40.What did scientists think was true?
A.Each person has a fixed weight range.B.Each person has a weight range of 9kg.C.Each person wants to control his or her weight.D.Each person wants to eat to his or her heart’s content
第三篇 Shaming Punishments
Last month，James Connolly，a junior at the University of Massachusetts，stood in front of a local police station wearing a toga(长袍)as punishment.His crime? He was charged with underage drinking，illegal possession of alcohol and excessive noise while holding a party.This shaming punishment has increased in the US in recent years，mostly imposed by local judges for less—serious crimes，such as drunk driving and theft.They believe shame is the best petty crime deterrent(威慑).For example，in Tennessee，Judge James McKenzie has made shoplifters(商店货物扒手)stand outside Wal — Mart with signs that read，“I am a thief put here by order of Judge McKenzie”，“Alternative punishments like community service and fines don’t convey moral condemnation(谴责)of the criminal，”said Dan Kahan，a University of Chicago Law School professor ,in an article published on the university’S website.“They aren’t shameful enough。”
Shaming punishments are sometimes called Scarlet(红色的)Letter punishments.The name comes from US author Nathaniel Hawthorne’S 1850 novel The Scarlet Letter.In this novel，a woman is forced to wear a scarlet “A”on her clothes as punishment forher adultery(通奸).However, University of Iowa law professor Andrew Hosmanek said there is an important difference between the shaming punishments of colonial America and those assigned in states like Tennessee.“Early societies often had are— acceptance’ ceremony to welcome the offender back into main society,”says Hosmanek.“Contemporary punishments in America lack this.”
Supporters of shaming punishment argue that public shaming is a good way of expressing community values。Some judges say shamed offenders seldom repeat their crimes.Others aren’t SO sure。“There is little evidence to suggest that shaming punishments are successful in preventing people from committing specific crimes.And a shamed criminal may face a hard battle to regain credibility in society，”said Hosmanek.“So，a shaming punishment may force the offender into more crimes to support himself.”
Experts also debate shaming punishment’S damage to human dignity.“Since the point is to shame，it's of course degrading(侮辱人格的)，”said Linda Malone，director of the Human Rights and National Security Law Programme at William and Mary Law School.“US law only prohibits punishment that is‘cruel and unusual’一not‘inhuman and degrading’.it's very difficult for a thief to prove that holding a sign in front of Wal-Mart is ‘cruel and unusual’.”
41.James Connolly was accused of all the following crimes EXCEPT
A.illegally possessing alcoh01
B.smuggling drugs
C.drinking at an illegal age
D.making too much noise at a party
42.Which of the following punishments does NOT morally condemn a criminal?
A.Holding a sign that announces his or her crime
B.Publishing his or her name on a website
C.Apologizing for the crime in front of Wal—Mart
D.Having to do useful work to help others without being paid
43.In the novel The Scarlet Letter, a woman is accused of
A.corruption
B.bribery
C.adultery
D.thee
44.The word “suggest’ in Paragraph10 could be best replaced by
A.propose
B.indicate
C.assume
D.explain
45.What does US law forbid?
A.Cruel and unusual punishments
B.lnhuman punishments
C.Degrading punishments
D.Shaming punishments
第三篇：2012年职称英语考试综合类C级真题及答案
2012年职称英语综合类C级真题及答案
第一部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1、The storm caused severe damage.A．physical
B．accidental
C．serious
D．environmental
2、Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early
A．selected
B．operated
C．developed
D．discovered
3、The story was published with the sole purpose of selling newspapers
A．real
B．main
C．only
D．practical
4、A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy
A．gathered
B．watched
C．shouted
D．walked
5、He kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia
A．gradual
B．regular
C．direst
D．occasional
6、On the table was a vase filled with artificial flowers
A．wild
B．fresh
C．lovely
D．false
7、We had trouble finding a pure water supply
A．typical
B．complete
C．clean
D．clear
8、“What do you mean by that”Paul asked sharply
A．critically
B．helplessy
C．politely
D．quickly
9、She only needs a minute amount of money
A．certain
B．fair
C．full
D．small
10、Keep your passport in a secure place
A．special
B．good
C．safe
D．different
11、He inspired many young people to take up the sport
A．encouraged
B．allowed
C．called
D．advised
12、Did she accept his research proposal?
A．invitation
B．plan
C．offer
D．view
13、The city centre was wiped out by the bomb
A．covered
B．destroyed
C．reduced
D．moved
14、I’d like to withdraw 500 from my current account
A．leave
B．pay
C．put
D．draw
15、The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious
A．hate
B．need
C．love
D．pity 【答案】：CDCAB，DCADC，ABBDD 第二部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Brotherly Love
Adidas and Puma have been two of the biggest names in sports shoe manufacturing for over half a century.Since 1928 they have supplied shoes for Olympic athletes, World Cup-winning football heroes, Muhammad Ali, hip hop stars and rock musicians famous all over the world.But the story of these two companies begins in one house in the town of Herzogenaurach, Germany.Adolph and Rudolph Dassler were the sons of a shoemaker.They loved sport but complained that they could never find comfortable shoes to play in.Rudolph always said, 'You cannot play sports wearing shoes that you'd walk around town with.' So they started making their own.In 1920 Adolph made the first pair of athletics shoes with spikes（钉），produced on the Dasslers' kitchen table.On lst July 1924 they formed a shoe company, Dassler Brothers Ltd and they worked together for many years.The company became successful and it provided the shoes for Germany's athletes at the 1928 and 1932 Olympic Games.But in 1948 the brothers argued.No one knows exactly what happened, but family members have suggested that the argument was about money or women.The result was that Adolph left the company.His nickname was Adi, and using this and the first three letters of the family name, Dassler, he founded Adidas.Rudolph relocated across the River Aurach and founded his own company too.At first he wanted to call it Ruda, but eventually he called it Puma, after the wild cat.The famous Puma logo of the jumping cat has hardly changed since.After the big split of 1948 Adolph and Rudolph never spoke to each other again and their companies have now been in competition for over sixty years.Both companies were for many years the market leaders, though Adidas has always been more successful than Puma.A hip hop group, Run DMC, has even written a song called “My Adidas” and in 2005 Adidas bought Reebok, another big sports shoe company.The terrible family argument should really be forgotten, but ever since it happened, over sixty years ago, the town has been split into two.Even now, some Adidas employees and Puma employees don't talk to each other.16.Adidas and puma began to make shoes at the end of 19th century.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mention
17.The brothers’ father was a ball maker.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mention
18.The brothers make shoes at home.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mention
19.The brothers argued about the shoes.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mention
20.The brothers decided to start their separate companies after argument.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mention
21.Nike makes more shoes than Adidas.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mention
22.People in town have forgotten their argument.【答案】：BBABACB 第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Who Built Giza’s Pyramids（金字塔）? For centuries, the pyramids of Giza have been timeless symbols of Egyptian culture.But who actually built them? For years, we did not know for sure.But archeologists（考古学家）recently discovered an ancient village near the pyramids.Close by, there was also a cemetery（墓地）where pyramid builders were buried.From studying these places, archeologists can now confirm that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners.Ordinary Egyptians built them.It took about eighty years to build the pyramids.According to archeologists, about 20,000-30,000 people were involved in completing the task.The workers had different roles.Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks.People also worked on different teams, each with its own name.On a wall in Khufu's Great Pyramid, for example, a group of workers wrote “Friends of Khufu.” Teams often competed to do a job faster.Life for these workers was hard.“We can see that in their skeletons（骨架）,” says Azza Mohamed Sarry El-Din, a scientist studying bodies found in the cemetery.The bones show signs of arthritis(关节炎), which developed from carrying heavy things for a long time.Archeologists have also found many female skeletons in the village and cemetery.The damage to their bones is similar to the men's.Their lives may have been even tougher: male workers lived to age 40-45, but women to only 30-35.However, workers usually had enough food, and they also had medical care if they got sick or hurt.The work was challenging, but laborers were proud of their work.”lt's because they were not just building the tomb of their king,“ says Egyptian archeologist Zahi Hawass.“They were building Egypt.It was a national project, and everyone was a participant.”
23.Paragraph 1___A___
24.Paragraph 2___C___
25.Paragraph 3___D___
26.Paragraph 4___E___
A.Builders of the pyramids
B.Egyptian slaves
C.Pyramid builders' jobs
D.Pyramid builders' tough lives
E.An important national project
F.Female pyramid builders: the challenges
27.The pyramids of Giza were built ___F___
28.To build the pyramids, the workers had different roles and worked ___C___
29.Both men and women workers suffered from arthritis which developed ___B___
30.The pyramid builders were proud ___E___
A.of their king
B.from taking heavy things
C.on different teams
D.by foreigners
E.of their work
F.by ordinary Egyptians 第四部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
From Ponzi to Madoff
The year was 1920.The country was the United States of America.The man's name was Charles Ponzi.Ponzi told people to stop depositing money in a savings account.Instead, they should give it to him to save for them.Ponzi promised to pay them more than the bank.For example, a savings account might pay you $5 a year for every $100 you deposit.Ponzi, however, would pay you $40 a year for every $100 you gave him to hold.Many people thought this was a good plan.They began to give their money to Ponzi.How could Ponzi make so much money for people? This is what he did with the money people gave him: He used some of that money to pay other people who gave him money.However, he also kept a lot of the money for himself.Soon he had $250 million.This was a kind of theft, and it was against the law.The people who gave him their money didn't think anything was wrong.Ponzi paid them every month, just like a bank.Ponzi continued this way of working for two years.Then one day, he didn't have enough money to pay all the people.They discovered his crime, and he went to prison for fraud.Ninety years later, people began to hear about a businessman in New York named Bernard Madoff.People said he gave good advice about money.They said when they gave him their money, he paid them a lot more than the bank.Madoff helped hospitals, schools, and individuals earn money.Over a period of 40 years, people gave him $170 billion.However, no one investigated what he did with the money.The people who gave Madoff their money also didn't think anything was wrong because he paid them every month.One day, Madoff didn't have enough money to pay all the people he needed to pay.That's when people discovered how Madoff worked: He was taking money from some people to pay other people, just the way Charles Ponzi did.However, this time, instead of losing millions of dollars, people lost billions.Madoff was accused of fraud, and United States government officials arrested him.He didn't have to go on trial because he said he was guilty.In 2009, a judge sentenced him t0 150 years in prison.Bernard Madoff's crime was even bigger than Ponzi's.It was the biggest fraud in history.The lesson of this story is clear: When something seems too good to be true, it probably is!
31.For every $100, Ponzi promised to pay people
A.$5 a year.B.$20 a year.C.$40 a year.D.$100 a year.32.What did Ponzi do with the money people gave him?
A.He spent it all on things for himself.B.He used some of it to pay other people.C.He deposited it all in a bank.D.He kept it all to save for a good plan.33.What was Ponzi's crime?
A.He robbed the banks of millions of dollars.B.He gave people more than the bank did.C.He kept a lot of other people's money for himself.D.He did not pay people their interests.34.How long did Madoffs tricks last?
A.Forty years.B.Four year.C.Nine years.D.Ninety years.35.Why didn't Madoff have to go on trial?
A.The officiais couldn't find any evidence against him.B.He had friends in the government who helped him.C.He admitted he was guilty.D.He returned all the illegal money.【答案】：CBDAC
第二篇
Puerto Rican Cuisine（菜肴）
Puerto Rico, a Caribbean(加勒比海区)island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own.Immigration（移民）to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it.However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico.Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents(啮齿动物), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves.Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes.The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island.Africans also added to the island's food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes.In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous forwas actually imported by foreigners to the island.A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的).lt's true that chili peppers are popular;aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy.However, milder(微辣的)tastes are popular too, such as sofrito.As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices.It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.36、who lived in Puerto Rico first
A．the Africans
B．the Spanish
C．the Americans
D．the Taino people
37、In the first paragraph the word “it” refers to
A．immigration
B．Caribbean history
C．the island’s natural beauty
D．Puerto Rican cuisine
38、what is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A．Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking
B．Food imported by foreigners isn’t really Puerto Rican
C．Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences
D．African foods have probably had the most influence
39、How is sofrito used？
A．It is eaten before meals
B．It is added to other dishes
C．It is used where foods are too spicy
D．It is eaten as a main dish
40、which of the following is NOT true?
A．softito is a type of extremely spicy food
B．Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicy
C．Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers
D．Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper 【答案】：DDCBA
第三篇
The Changing Middle Class
The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation.However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges（特权）.It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II.The economy was growing，more and more people owned their own homes，workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them，and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one.Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility.They may have started out poor，but they could become rich.Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility.In other words，they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.The middle class collectively holds several values and principles.One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine one’s own economic fate.In addition, middle-class morality（道德观）embraces principles of individual responsibility, importance of family, obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneself.But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success.A U.S.News & World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet.Both spouses now worked, as did some of the children;long commutes became routine;the need for child care put strains on the family;and public schools were not as good as they once were.Members of the middle class were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat.The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing.41.This passage gives information about
A.a social and economic group.B.an individual.C.a political organization.D.a government department.42.In the years after World War II, the middle class were
A.overburdened and in debt.B.hard working and doubtful.C.happy and full of hope.D.young and upset.43.One important middle-class value is that
A.people should always have fun.B.children should believe in themselves.C.debt is nothing to worry about.D.they should earn enough to finance their lifestyles.44.In the second paragraph, the word ”collectively' means
A.hesitatingly.B.unknowingly.C.weakly.D.commonly.45.The 1994 survey showed most Americans thought the middle class
A.took pleasure in raising children.B.had a regular journey to work.C.could not earn enough money to maintain their lifestyles.D.could easily maintain their lifestyles.【答案】：ACDDC 第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
Forests for Cities
You are standing in a beautiful forest in Japan.The air is clean and smells like plants and flowers.There are 175 different kinds of trees, and 60 kinds of birds live here.____(46)You are downtown in the city of Nara, Japan, in Kasugayama Forest, the oldest urban forest in the world.It was started more than a thousand years ago, and today it's very popular with tourists and artists.Cities around the world are working to protect their urban forests.Some urban forests are parks, and some are just streets with a lot of trees.But all urban forests have many good effects on the environment.___(47)They also stop the noise from heavy traffic.They even make the weather better because they make the air 3-5 degrees cooler, and they stop strong winds.Urban forests also have many good effects on people.They make the city more beautiful.In a crowded area, they give people a place to relax and spend time in nature._____(48)
In some countries, people are starting new urban forests.In England, there are now 1.3 million trees in an urban forest called Thames Chase, east of London.It was started in 1990, and it has grown very fast.Walking and bicycle clubs use the forest, and there are programs for children and artists.____(49)
Some older cities don't have space for a big urban forest, but planting trees on the streets makes the city better.Scientists found that commuters(通勤人员)feel more relaxed when they can see trees.Trees are even good for business.______(50)In the future, urban forests will become even more important as our cities grow bigger.In the megacities(超大城市)of tomorrow, people will need more green space to live a comfortable life.Planting trees today will make our lives better in the future.A．People spend more time at shopping centers that have trees
B．In hot countries，urban forests are cool places for walking and other healthy exercises
C．But you are not in rural area
D．Trees take pollution out of the air
E．In 2033，it will have 5 million trees F．It has many kinds of birds in the country 【答案】：CDBEA 第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Traffic in Our Cities
The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand.This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk ______(51)accidents.Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to______(52)（变化）their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible ______(53)is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by ______(54)charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who ______(55)the law.In addition, drivers could be ______(56)（变化）to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day.This system, ______(57)as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a ______(58)of cities, using a special electronic card ______(59)to the windscreen of the car.Another way of ______(60)with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the ______(61)of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre.Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus ______(62)（变化）for the final stage of their journey.Of course, the most important ______(63)is to provide good public transport.However, to get people to ______(64)the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares ______(65)at an acceptable level.51.A.of B.for C.about D.by
52.A.acquire B.form C.support D.change
53.A.manner B.approach C.custom D.style
54.A.enlarging B.increasing C.growing D.developing
55.A.destroys B.breaks C.refuses D.rejects
56.A.allowed B.advised C.required D.controlled
57.A.designed B.known C.seen D.called
58.A.quantity B.total C.sum D.number
59.A.fixed B.joined C.built D.placed
60.A.doing B.handling C.solving D.dealing
61.A.border B.outside C.limit D.outskirts
62.A.service B.station C.route D.fare
63.A.thought B.case C.event D.thing
64.A.in B.up C.off D.out
65.A.taken B.blocked C.kept D.given 【答案】：ADBBB，CBDAD，DADBC
第四篇：2006年职称英语考试综合类A级答案
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2006年职称英语考试综合类A级答案
答案：C 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 CD 7 A 8 D 9 B 10 DA 12 C 13 D 14 D 15 AB 17 C 18 A 19 A 20 BA 22 C 23 B 24 E 25 CD 27 C 28 E 29 D 30 B
C 32 C 33 D 34 A 35 B
C 37 D 38 A 39 D 40 B
B 42 D 43 C 44 D 45 A
D 47 F 48 E 49 C 50 A
C 52 B 53 D 54 D 55 A
D 57 B 58 C 59 A 60 D
C 62 D 63 A 64 C 65 B
其中：
1－30每题1分；
31－45每题3分；
46－50每题2分；
51－65每题1分。
试卷总分：100分。
第五篇：2011年职称英语考试综合类B级真题答案解析
2011年全国职称英语考试真题答案综合类（B级）
第1部分：词汇选项 A confess 这个动词是“坦白、交代、承认”的意思，admit也是“承认”的意思，两个词后面都可以跟用 that 引导的宾语从句，在这个句子里可以换用。D extract 作动词用是“获得、获取”的意思，在四个选项中只有 obtain 具有这样的意义，又如: extract help, extract satisfaction, extract information 等。
B accelerate 这个动词原意是“加速”，如:The trains have been accelerated.火车提速了;The steps 10 implement the plan are being accelerated.执行该计划的步伐正在加速。在本句中 accelerate his sale of shares(加速出售他的股票)，无疑就是增加出售他的股票的意思，故选 increased。D motive 是“动机”的意思，the motive for(doing)something 即为“做某事的动机”，reason 是“理由”，the motive for the murder 和 the reason for the murder 是同一意思。C impact 和 influence 是同义词，意为“影响”，又如:the impact of modem technology on interpersonal relationships 现代技术对人际关系带来的影响。
D shine 这个动词通常用于表示“发亮、发光” 的意思，如: The sun is shining.但是如果和皮鞋一起用，那就是“擦皮鞋、把皮鞋擦亮”的意思了。本句的意思是:他的皮鞋擦得一尘不染。polish 具有“把......擦亮、磨光”的意思，clear 和 shoes 一起用的话便是 “把鞋子移开”的意思了，wash 则是用水洗，mend 是修补的意思。C explore 是“探索、探险、摸索” 的意思，investigate 除了常用的“调查”这层意思外，也具有“探索”这样的意义，本句的意思是:在会议上我们探索了扩充的可能性。
A steady 是“稳定的”意思，a steady decline 则是 “稳步下降”，在这个上下文中可以用 continuous 来代替它，即“不断下降”。sharp decline 则是“急剧下降”。
A remark 这个动词就是 “说”的意思，所以这里就用 saying 来代替它。B framework 就是我们现在常常说的“框架”，within the existing legal framework 指在现有的法律框架内。所谓法律框架实际上就是指法律体系，所以选 system。limit 是限制，procedure 是程序，status 是地位。D find fault with something/someone 是个固定的表达式，意为“找茬、吹毛求疵”，所以和 criticize(批评)基本同义。A spectacular 这个形容词常用来描述场面、景观等，意思是“壮观的、壮丽的、华丽的” 等，在四个选项中只有 magnificent 具有这样的意思。B grasp 这个动词是“抓住”的意思，可用于具体的事物，如:grasp the rope/ my hand 抓住绳索/抓住我的手，也可以用于抽象的概念，如: grasp the main idea/his meaning 抓
住要点/理解他的意思。在本句中 grasp the significance of what had happened 就相当于understand the significance of what had happened。C convert 的意思是“改变、转化”。turn 则是具有同样意义的一个更为常用的单词，两者后面都跟 into 来表示“变为……”。又如: Solar energy has been successfully converted/turned into mechanical energy.太阳能被成功地转化成机械能。The priest converted/turned him from a Buddhist into a Christian.那神父把他从 一个佛教徒变成了个基督徒。reduce 减少，reform 改造。D tolerate 是 “忍受”的意思，如: tolerate the heat 忍受酷热.tolerate the loneliness 忍受孤独，tolerate the humiliation 忍受屈辱。和它同义的词常用的有bear，endure 和 stand。
第2部分：阅读理解 B 从文章的第一句 For six hours we shot through the barren landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa.便可以知道这句话是错的，shot 是动词 shoot 的过去时形式，shoot through 用以表示开车，那显然车是开得很快的；而且，他们开过的沙漠是一片荒漠(barren landscape)，并非是一个busy desert。A 第一段里就说她已经写了整整三个笔记本，并且开始写第四本了。C 文中讲到 Daniel 用相机记录他在非洲的所见所闻，但并没有提到他拍摄过尼罗河(the Nile River)。A 从文章的第二、第三段可以看到他们两人在非洲看到了许多。B 实际上 Sophia 在开车，Daniel 则在睡觉，所以并非两人都看到了野马。B 文中说到And as I drove，something caught my eye.something moving close enough to touch them，to smell their hot breath.很显然，野马一度离他们的车很近，只是后来才渐渐远离了。B Daniel 是在 Sophia 看到野马一小时后自己醒来的—— When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.并不是让Sophia 唤醒的。
第3 部分：概括大意与完成子 E 第一段的第一句话就讲世上几乎没有什么事我们是单枪匹马去完成的。接着作者举了好几个人们在群体中生活和工作的例子。所以 People are in groups.正是本段的中心。F 本段的第一句 In almost every situation where you're in a group，you will need a skilled leader.就是它的主题句。本段要讲的就是任何一个群体都需要有一个领导者。A 本段虽然以 Some people are natural leaders.(有些人生来就是当头的。)开始，但作者并不真正认同这一观点，这从 Although a 1ot of people agree that there are some natural-born leaders，most people now recognise that leadership can also be taught.这句话可以看到。所以 Training can make good 1eaders.概括了本段的大意。D 本段的第一句是它的主题句: Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader.a range of qualities 就是a variety of qualities，即各种素质。C 答案可见第一段的最后一句:...being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys to success.E Groups often break down because of lack of good leaders.这句话是第二段中下面这句话的另一种说法: Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down.A 请见第二段里的这句话: Good leaders don't make people do things in a bossy，controlling way.B 请见第四段里这句话: Self-confidence is vital for you to overcome your own fears about being a leader.be vital for someone to do something 即对某人做某事是十分关键的，和 be the key to doing something 是同一个意思。
第4 部分：阅读理解
C 本题的答题依据是文章开头的这句话: Everyone has imagination，but most of us，once we become adults，forget how to access it.人人都有想象力，只是成年后，我们就忘了如何取得想象力(access it)。文章的目的就是教给成年人几种获得想象力的技巧，所以说成年人还是可以学会怎么样更加富有创意的。
B 从第二段的这两句话：First，think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do.Then find an image，word，idea or object，for example，a candle.可以找到答案。蜡烛只是一个例子。
A 第三段的第一句话: Imagine that normal limitations don’t exist.You have as much time/ space/money, etc.as you want.是本题的答题依据。
B put yourself in their shoes 是英语的一个成语，相当于汉语的“设身处地”.35 C 第三种技巧就是:Look at the situation from a different point of view.作者以谈判者和小说家为例，说明推销员如要应用这一技巧就应该把自己置于顾客的位置上，问一问他们的需要是什么。
A 文章的第一段把这一点讲得十分明确:...the so-called Generation M are spending a considerable amount of their time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.It argues that，in fact，these young people are frittering away as much as half of their time as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after the other.37 A 第二段的最后一句话: As some new device comes along, it is also added to the list rather than replacing one of the existing devices.回答了这个问题。只要有新的玩意儿出现，它就会被增加到现有的玩意儿上去，而不是替代原有的东西。注意四个选项里的they 指的是 e-devices 而不是属于Generation M 这一代的年轻人。
D 根据文章的内容应选 D。distant to their family 意为 ”和自己的家人疏远“。具体可见第三段。
D 答题的依据是第五段里的这句话: They feel that many undergraduates now urgently need remedia1 help with study skills.可见在大学教师看来许多本科生急需补上学习技能这一课。
A 这道题的答题依据是文章的最后一段，作者认为尽管上面所说的都没错，但是(注意 while 这个连接词的转折意义)我们要记住现今对年轻人的期望越来越高。不管老一辈怎么说他们(注意 despite这个介词表示的让步意义)，对他们(年轻人)还是应该给予表扬而不是批评(Praise rather than criticism is due)。To be due 应该得到。
D 第一段里讲到了人们拥有手机的几种理由，其中不包括手机便宜(cheap)这一条。
C detect 意为”觉察、发现“，故可用 discover 来代替。
A 第三段里把这名推销员年纪轻轻就要退休的原因讲得十分明白:...a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss.He couldn't remember even simple tasks.44 A 请见第四段里的这句话:Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation，but they say the amount is too small to worry about.它们并不否认手机有辐射，只是辐射量很小无需担心。
B 作者建议大家少用手机，这一点在最后一段里可以清楚地看到。
第5 部分：补全短文
A 第一段是文章的引言，说的是当今有了电视和杂志这样的媒体，名人到处可见，但是情况并非一向如此，80 年前收音机和电影才刚开始对美国人产生这样的效应，也就是才能向美国的公众介绍宣传Lindberg，使他成为名人。
D 这个空的前一句说的是 Lindberg 在大学读工程学位，但是飞行吸引了他的想象;其后的一句则讲他自己买了飞机在各地表演空中特技，所以在中间自然应该填入他辍学并移居到 Nebraska 去学习飞行这句话。
F 前一句说到Lindberg 参军，在飞行员班里第一个毕业，这样正好接上 Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot，flying out of St.Louis，Missouri.这句话。
B 前面一句讲了Lindberg 觉得要完成这次飞行自己的技术没有问题，但并非任何一架飞机都能飞这么远。所以下面就接上他找到了 San Diego 的一家飞行器公司定做了一架飞机。
C 六个选项中只有这个选项是和他回到美国后得到的荣誉有关的。
第6 部分：完形填空
C the diagnosis of his illness Parkinson's disease 他的不适被诊断为帕金森氏病
B criticism of something/someone 对某事/某人的批评，这里 of 的宾语表示的是 criticism这个动作的对象;其他三个介词都不能用。
A opposition to 反对……
A take up 是个短语，意为”从事……”，take up the sport 从事该项运动，take up filmmaking 从影，take up charity 从事慈善事业。
C 尽管 A1i不主张开展女子拳击，但他出席女儿的职业赛似乎传递了一个父亲的支持，他自然是想看女儿比赛的，故 watch his daughter fight。
D 这里有一个比较结构 as much …as…，被比较的是女儿的首次比赛和父亲以前的比赛吸引公众的程度，两个比较的对象理应是同一事物，所以选 fight。
D 从观众的角度来看总是希望比赛紧张一点、精彩一点，双方势均力敌才有看点，所以 Laila 的对于明显比她弱，对观众来说就是一件不幸的事了。
C to know what one is doing 是一种常见的、相对固定的表达方式，意思是:知道该怎么做、做得不错。
B compare...to...这里是 “和......作比较”的意思，也可以说 “compare...with..., compare...to...的另一种意思是”把……比作为……"。
C make her own name 自己成名(不靠她父亲)
B 这里说的是Laila 已经明白的事，所以用 realize。suggest 和 propose都是建议，hope则是希望。
B 这里的 if 相当于whether;to see if(whether)she still wants to go forward with it 看她是否还想继续下去。
D struggle with the symptoms of Parkinson's disease和帕金森氏病的症候斗争。
B 对Laila 在那样一个时刻所作出的那样一个决定人们的反应有赞扬，也有批评。
C arrival on the boxing scene of a woman 一名女性出现在拳击场上，注意这里的词序，实际上是 the arrival of a woman on the boxing scene。
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