2012年职称英语考试理工类试题及答案_WE[五篇范例]

第一篇：2012年职称英语考试理工类试题及答案_WE

全国专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试 概括

外语能力是衡量专业技术人员素质和专业水平的一个重要方面，特别是经济全球化和中国对外开放不断发展的新形势，对专业技术人员的外语能力提出了更高的要求。在中央批准的各专业技术职务试行条例中，对不同系列、不同职务层次专业技术人员的外语能力都做出了规定。凡依据相应专业技术职务条例受聘担任相应专业技术职务的人员，均应按照《关于专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试的通知》（人发[1998]54号）规定的范围，报名参加相应语种、级别的外语水平测试。人事部组织的全国统一标准的职称外语考试，采取统一大纲、闭卷笔试的形式进行。考试设英语、日语、俄语、德语、法语和西班牙语6个语种，每个语种分为A、B、C三个等级。其中，英语划分为综合、理工、卫生3个专业类别。其它语种不分专业类别。考试主要测试专业技术人员阅读理解外文专业基础文献的能力。报考人员可根据自己所从事的专业工作，任选一个语种及有关类别参加考试。

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级统一考试是由国家人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。本考试遵循“严格要求、实事求是、区别对待、逐步提高”的原则，根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和使用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别专业技术职务的人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。

评价目标

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试重点考查应试者的阅读理解能力。考试总的评价目标是：申报A级的人员在2小时内应完成3000词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报B级的人员在2小时内应完成2600词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报C级的人员在2小时内应完成2200词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容。

为达到上述目标，考试对应试者的英语词汇量、语法知识和阅读理解能力分别提出如下要求：

（一）词汇量

考试所涉及的词汇和短语主要依据本大纲所附词汇表。对申报不同级别的应试者要求认知的词汇量不等：

1．申报A级的人员应认知6000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语；

2．申报B级的人员应认知5000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语；

3．申报C级的人员应认知4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语。

（二）语法知识

考试不直接对应试者所掌握的语法知识进行考查，但应试者必须掌握基本的语法知识，主要包括：

1．英语句子的基本语序及其意义；

2．英语句子的结构和常用句型；

3．各种时、体的形式及其意义；

4．各种从句的构成及其意义；

5．句子中词语的所指、省略、替代、重复，以及句子之间的意义关系等。

（三）阅读理解能力

应试者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。阅读能力主要包括以下几个方面：

1．掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；

2．了解阐述主旨的事实和细节；

3．利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义；

4．既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系；

5．根据所读材料进行判断和推论；

6．领会作者的观点、意图和态度。

报名时间

各地报名时间一般在11、12月开始。各地报名时间不同，具体内容可以咨询当地人事考试中心。

考试时间

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试一般为每年3月的最后一个星期日举行，考试设英语、日语、俄语、德语、法语和西班牙语6个语种，每个语种分为A、B、C三个等级，考试时间均为2小时。

根据《国务院办公厅关于2012年部分节假日安排的通知》，2012年3月31日调整为工作日。为保证职称外语考试顺利举行，经商国家外国专家局培训中心，并报部专业技术人员管理司同意，职称英语考试时间调整为2012年4月7日。凡涉及《关于做好2012年度全国专业技术入员职称外语等级统一考试考务工作的通知》（人考中心函〔2011〕19号）中有关事项的规定时间，均向后顺延7天，其余事项不变。请各地人事考试机构接到本通知后，密切关注考试日期及相关事项时间变化，及时通知报考考生，按照考务文件要求，做好各个环节工作，确保考试安全顺利进行。

第二篇：2012年全国职称英语考试理工类押题试卷及答案

2012年全国职称英语考试理工类押题试卷及答案

（二）第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。The windchill factor, the combination of low temperature and wind speed, strikingly increases the degree of cold felt by a person who is outdoors.A effectively

B remarkably

C certainly

D unquestionably Once thought doomed to extinction, southern sea otters are now stringently protected through the efforts of naturalist groups.A rigorously

B minimally

C federally

D guardedly The park is a good place for strollers.A carriages

B walkers

C sprinters

D campers At age twenty-five Orson Welles stunned the film world with his movie Citizen Kane.A amused

B amazed

C frightened

D offended The disease, rust, stunts a plant's growth and leads to the destruction of the plant.A enhances

B moderates

C stops

D hinders he Weddell seal of Antarctica can dive to a depth of about, 1,600 feet and remain submerged for as long as an hour and ten minutes.A underwater

B fearless

C unconscious

D breathless Vice-President Lyndon Johnson became President of the United States following the death of John F.Kennedy and was subsequently elected to a full term in 1964.A duly

B finally

C later

D therefore The outcry against the government's policies will subside only if a compromise is reached in the assembly.A die down

B succeed

C proceed

D be dislodged The Texas Opera Theater was established as a subsidiary of the Houston Grand Opera in order to give young singers performing their experience.A hall

B rival

C patron

D branch Benjamin Franklin was not the first to suggest the relationship between lightning and electricity, but his experiment with a kite was original.A define

B confirm

C examine

D propose Louis Sullivan, a famous American architect, varied his structures to suit the local climate.A modify

B enhance

C accommodate

D avoid In statistics, the mathematical mean is obtained by dividing the sum of a group of scores by the number of scores.A total

B square

C numerator

D list Fortified medieval towns were often surrounded by two water moats.A protected

B encircled

C flooded

D supplied The future survival of the bald eagle is still an important American ecological concern.A migration

B population

C existence

D evolution The children's story writer known as Dr.Seuss proved that the simplest stories for children could have characterization and suspense.A structure

B history

C excitement

D plot 第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

Winners and Losers

Why are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc(集团)and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, lately reinvigorated(给以新的活力)by the Chinese adoption of market economics.The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years.In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure(基础结构);many countries have little to trade but commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years.In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies;often under pressure from International Monetary Fund.First among these is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and an adequate method for collecting taxes.Encouraged by the IMF, the World Bank and the U.S.Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsin's regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs(寡头政治集团成员), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home, sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home.In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formula.Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more than they collected in taxes.Botswana and Uganda are also success stories: despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.Japan has a long trading tradition.A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF.A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned All African countries followed the IMF formula.A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned The Soviet Union was a capitalist country.A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization.A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned China did not take IMF advice.A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization.A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

English and English Community There is no denying that English is a useful language.The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese.Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England.Their languages became more and more similar to each other.Finally, the language had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England.The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities.The people who make up the community share common language.Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city.More often they form a whole country.National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community.A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community.For convenience, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language.English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy.Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.Learning second language extends one's vision and expands the mind.The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culturel;a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel.Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.Paragraph 2 ___________ Paragraph 3 ___________ Paragraph 4 ___________ Paragraph 5 ___________ A The Wide Use of English

B Historical Account of English and Its Community

C The Advantages of Learning a Second Language

D The Composition of the English Community

E The Threat That English Poses to Other Languages

F The Definition of a Speech Community Only through the shared language ___________.The idea of the national boundaries in often different from ___________.Speakers are classified into two groups ___________.An understanding of English ___________.A that of a speech community

B can a speech community be formed

C in order to learn English better

D for the sake of simplicity

E has played an important role in the field of education

F is widely used in several areas of public activity

第四部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇 Hair Detectives

Scientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been.The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications.Water is central to the new technique.Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen and oxygen.Atoms of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair.But not all water is the same.Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh.Different forms of a single element are called isotopes.And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.Might hair record these watery quirks? That's what James R.Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered.To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States.The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area.Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water.That's probably because people usually cook their food in the local water.What's more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region.Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country.Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions.One hair sample used in Ehleringer's study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt Lake City.As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.The new technique can't point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area.But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues.31 What does the writer say about tap water? Which of the following is NOT correct? ___________

A Tap water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different regions.B Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United States.C Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.D Tap water is used to cook food.32 James R.Ehleringer tried to find out___________.A if our bodies break water down into its parts

B if it is possible to collect hair samples across the country

C if tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen

D if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from

Which of the following statements is meant by the writer? ___________

A Ehleringer was successful in his research.B Ehleringer failed in his research.C Ehleringer can be a successful detective.D Ehleringer's research proved successful in China.34 What does the last paragraph tell you? ___________

A The new technique can tell precisely where a person lives.B Water supplied in different regions all come from the same source.C Types of water used in different regions provide useful information for the police.D Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crimes.35 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title? ___________

A Human hair may help detectives to solve crimes.B Animal hair may help detectives to solve crimes.C Detectives watch hairy criminals closely.D Most detectives are hair specialists.第二篇 Why They Travel?

Scholars and students have always been great travellers.The official case for“academic mobility” is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new.Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies;in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people.The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues;one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique.It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways.The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement.Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.In addition one must recognise the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined.These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.Frequently these specialisations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time.It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident.Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia.From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there had been an Opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies.These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline.This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.36 According to the passage, scholars and students are great travellers because __________.A standards are higher at foreign universities

B their governments encourage them to travel

C salaries and conditions are better abroad

D they are eager for new knowledge

The writer says that travel was important in the past because it __________.A was a way of spreading ideas

B broke down political barriers

C led to economic progress

D made new ideas less schooling

The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because _________.A there are so many people working in similar fields

B there is a lot of social unrest at universities

C their follow experts are scattered round the world

D their laboratories are in remote places

The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to __________.A spend less time travelling

B cut down research costs

C develop their ideas more quickly

D keep up with current developments

Developments in international cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of __________.A friendships formed by scholars at meetings

B articles in learned journals

C the work of international agencies

D programs initiated by governments

第三篇

Geography and Movement

To understand how astrology works, we should first take a quick look at the sky.Although the stars are at enormous distances, they do indeed give the impression of being affixed to the inner surface of a great hollow sphere surrounding the earth.Ancient people, in fact, literally believed in the existence of such a celestial sphere.As the earth spins on its axis, the celestial sphere appears to turn about us each day, pivoting at points on a line with the earth's axis of rotation.This daily turning of the sphere carries the stars around the sky, causing most of them to rise and set, but they, and constellations they define, maintains fixed patterns on the sphere, just as the continent of Australian maintains its shape on a spinning globe of the earth.Thus the stars were called fixed stars.The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflection of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients believed the earth was fixed and the sun had and independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars.The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of about thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year.The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also has an independent motion in the sky.The moon, however, changes it position relatively rapidly.Although it appears to rise and set each day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so.The moon's path around the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earth's path around the sun, so the moon is never seen very far from the ecliptic in the sky.There are five other objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to move in respect to the fixed background of stars on the celestial sphere.These are the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and the Saturn.All of them revolve around the sun in nearly the same plane as the earth does, so they, like the moon, always appear near the ecliptic.Because we see the planets from the moving earth, however, they behave in a complicated way, with their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well.41 The ancient people believed that ___________.A the earth was spinning on the axis of the sky

B the sky was a hollow sphere spinning around the earth

C the patterns of stars on the sky would never change

D the stars around the sky were not stationary

Which of the following is true about the motion of the moon? ___________

A The moon and the sun are moving in the same plane.B The moon revolved along the ecliptic.C The moon moves faster than the sun.D The position of the moon can be found changed in an hour's time.43 It is stated in astrology that ___________.A the sun is so distant from us that it was hard to follow its motion

B the sun was moving westward around the sky

C the motion of the sun is at the rate of about thirty degrees every week

D the motion of the sun is similar to the revolution of the earth around the sun

All the other five planets ___________.A always appear near the path of the sun

B are moving in a way more complicated than the earth does

C aren't moving around the sun as independently as the earth does

D are moving around the sun at the same speed as the earth does

According to the passage which of the following is true? ___________

A A fixed star refers a star that is always stationary on the sky.B Scientists can tell the motion of the earth from the motions of other five planets.C Ancient people had scanty knowledge about the movement of the stars.D All the stars on the sky can be seen all the year around.第五部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

The Importance of Agriculture in China

The development of agriculture and the balance between food and population are China's fun-damental economic problems.The classical histories praise emperors for devotion to agriculture and much of China's modern history is 46, which has been growing steadily.Today, although agriculture accounts for only a quarter of the Gross National Product, it is still the main determinant of the standard of living and the principal occupation of at least 70 percent of the population.Agriculture also 47 because industry needs both agricultural raw materials and food for its work force.The failure of agriculture to supply raw materials and food halted and later reversed the industrial progress of the 1950's.After 1960 new emphasis was placed on agriculture, and the slogan “griculture is the foundation of the economy” has remained a central Chinese economic policy ever since.48, there is an indirect link due to the relationship between agriculture and foreign trade.Many of China's exports are 49 or consumer goods based on them.Flourishing agriculture, therefore, promotes exports.It also reduces the need to spend foreign exchange on imports of grain and cotton, therefore 50

A determines the progress of industry

B the story of the unfolding struggle to feed a peasant population

C either agricultural raw materials

D enlarging the capacity of the economy to import machinery and commodities for industry

E In addition to the direct links between agriculture and industry

F thus promoting both import and export 第六部分：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Avalanche and Its Safety

An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside.Avalanches are 51 the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope 52 supports it.Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is 53 to cause an avalanche, 54 a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low 55 of avalanche.Snow does not 56 significantly on steep slopes;also, snow does not 57 easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is 58 35 and 45 degrees;the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is: A slope that is 59 enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle.Additionally, avalanche risk increases with 60;that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous 61，including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather 62，and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also 63 the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 64 to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 65 or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.51 A among

B of

C to

D in

A when

B that

C who

D whose

A mostly

B likely

C clearly

D surely

A are

B will be

C is

D was

A weight

B form

C risk

D work

A fall

B flow

C roll

D gather

A fall

B flow

C roll

D gather

A among

B between

C with

D for

A thick

B thin

C flat

D rocky

A use

B time

C snow

D rain

A journey

B trip

C fact

D process

A conditions

B reports

C forecast

D event

A increase

B reduce

C improve

D remove

A price

B effort

C attention

D money

A missing

B grown

C big

D fresh 第一部分： B 2 A 3 B 4 B 5 D 6 A 7 C 8 A D10 D 11 C 12 A 13 B 14 C 15 D

第二部分： A这道题的依据是第一段中的一句话：East Asia has a long trading tradition.日本是东亚国家，因而具有悠久的贸易历史。A本题的依据可以在第二段的开头找到，文章说有些国家常常是在有压力的情况下采取了国际货币基金组织(IMF)误导的政策，俄罗斯就是这些国家中的一个。B在文章的最后一段提到了一些因为没有按照IMF的模式去发展而获得成功的例子，其中提到两个非洲国家Botswans和Uganda，因而说所有非洲国家都采纳IMF模式的说法是不对的。B第一段里有一句话：The Soviet Union，on the other hand，was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years.70多年不搞市场经济的国家自然不会是资本主义国家。C文中没有提到澳大利亚。A本题的依据是文章最后一段的第一句话：„，China，the biggest winner from globalization，did not follow the IMF formula.即中国没有按照IMF的建议去做。

C在第二段的末尾讲到前苏联搞私有化的事，但没有说有高官在私有化过程中受益。

第三部分： F此段解释何为语言群体，最后一句话是关键，可以看作是语言群体的定义。

D此段是讲英语语言群体包括的两类人，所以用composition“构成”一词。

A此段讲述英语在全世界许多领域被广泛应用，如航空、商务、外交、教育等。C此段主要谈的是学习第二语言的益处，最后一句话更具体到学习英语的益处。

B答案来自第一段最后一句，说明人们是通过他们所拥有的共同语言组成一个语言群体。以only开头的句子谓语部分要求使用倒装句。A第二段第四句话表明国界与语言群体的界限并不总是一致的。that用来替代the+有关前述名词，以避免重复。D第三段第二句表明为了方便起见我们将说话者分为两类。for the sake of指“出于„„的考虑”。E第四段最后一句话表明教育越来越依赖对英语的理解。也就是说对英语的理解能力在教育中起着重要的作用。第四部分：

B第三段和第六段谈到tap water。A、C、D均是文中提到的内容。B是错误的，因为文章第六段说，我们饮用的牛奶和饮料都含有大量水分，而没有说tap water是软饮料。

C第四段的问句针对第三段的内容。these watery quirks指的是上段中的unique pro-portions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen。所以C是正确答案。

A第六段和第七段提供了答案。科学家发现头发能反映出当地自来水中氢、氧同位素的含量;科学家也已经研究出不同地区水成分是不同的，并且在此基础上来确定来自不同地区的人的头发成分。

C选项A、B、D与原文均有出入。尽管在一个较大的范围内，人们使用成分较为相同的水，但是水的成分组成提供的信息可以帮助官方缩小破案线索范围。

A题目的意思是：人的头发可以帮助侦探破案。

D根据文章第一段的最后一句话可以判断学生们出国是因为寻找更能让人受到鼓舞的老师，更有名的学府，更纯粹的哲学等。由此可见选项D最符合题意。

A根据文中第三段的最后一句话“„and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge”可以看得出为了更快地传播知识是他们旅游的主要目的。所以A应为正确答案。

A本题所涉及的相关信息在文章第五段。根据题意可以得知学科的繁殖导致了大量科学家的诞生，他们如果不相互交流就不得不孤立地工作。由此可判断A为最佳选择。

C根据文中最后一句话“This trend has led to a great deal of academic contac between disciplines，and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of special knowledge，„”可以推断C为最佳答案。

A文章倒数第二段最后一句话说“From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation，and provide with their most satisfactory stimulus”，这里的“personal relationships”指的就是“friendship”。由此可见A应为正确答案。

C根据第一段最后两句话，我们可以看出古人认为是地球的转动带动了群星的转动，而群星事实上在天空中保持不变的模式，是恒定的。所以，正确答案应为C。

D根据第三段的第二句和第三句话，文中说月亮的位置变化相对而言比较快，尽管看起来每天起起落落，事实上它的运动间歇为一个小时。由此可以肯定D为正确答案。

D根据第二段第一句话，太阳沿黄道的运动反映了地球的旋转规律，由此可见太阳的旋转与地球的旋转是相似的。所以正确答案应为D。

A文章最后一句话提到“Because we see the planets from the moving earth，however，they behave in a complicated way，„”，说明行星运行的更为复杂。所以A应为正确答案。

B根据文章的最后一句话，“„their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well”可以得出结论那五颗行星的运动也反映了地球的运动。在四个选项中，只有B符合题意，所以正确答案为B。

第五部分：

B系动词is后面缺表语，而这个表语需能说明主语history。

A agriculture是句子的主语，需要填入谓语动词。

E这里后面的句子在语法上已经完整，所以缺的很可能是一个状语短语。

C后面的or提示了这里用either的可能性很大，再看一下either和or后面的两个成分agriculturalraw materials和consumer goods based on them是并列的，便可确认。

D therefore后面跟一in9短语表示结果，这里的therefore相当于thus。第六部分：

文章大意：雪崩是雪掺杂着空气和沿着山体突然迅猛地滑动造成的。雪崩是造成山区人民生命和财产安全的最大危险之一。认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。不要在那些可能引发雪崩的人或事物下面行走。

A表达“雪崩是山上可能发生的最大危险之一”的意思，因此应该选择among(在„„之中)。

B从该句的语法结构上来看，此处需要一个关系代词，代替slope，所以that是最佳选择。选项A、C、D均不符合语法。

B选项A不符合语法，c和D符合语法，但不符合常识：过度的雪积压可能导致雪崩，而不是必定导致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。

C该句的主语是Determining the critical load，从上下文来看应该使用一般现在时，所以C是正确答案。

C要确定本题答案的一个有效的方法是排除法。a low weight/form work of avalanche都不合逻辑，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解释了low risk of avalanche的道理，更证实了选risk是正确的。

D第56和第57可以一起考虑。整个句子的意思是：在坡度大的坡上，雪不会大量堆积。在较为平坦的坡面，雪不会轻易滑动。

B(见56)。

B理解该句的意思就不难判断选项：雪在静止状态下，角度在350—450之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。between：在„„之间。

C这个句子说明的是什么样的山坡最易发生雪崩，即，A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat在此做“平坦”解，与后面的steep形成反义。

A句子中的that is表明，后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。所以，这里的选择要根据下文的意思判断。use是最佳选择，整个句子的意思是：山坡坡被滑雪者使用的越多，雪崩就越可能发生。

D尽管选项A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，从全段的内容判断，只有process是最佳选择，因为该段描写的是如何防备雪崩，及如何做好安全措施等一系列问题。

A选项A、B、C都可以与weather搭配，但是根据上下文，只有A最为符合文章的内容。

B选项A不符合句子的意思;C不能和risk搭配;D悖逆符合句子的意思，因为不可能完全消除雪崩的隐患。

C该句主句使用的是被动语态，第二个动词是pay attention t0的被动形式。选项A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。

A该句是作者给出的一系列忠告之一，即认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。选项B、C、D均不符合句义。

第三篇：2014职称英语考试词汇汇总(理工类)

职称英语词汇复习汇总（第一部分：教材已有词汇）

2014年更新（理工类）Call: phone Space: room At once: immediately Identify: name/recognize Occur: happen Complete: finish Eventually: finally Conversation: talk Attend: go to Make up one’s mind: decide Account: consideration Put up with: tolerate/bear/endure/stand Give up: abandon/drop/quit Seldom: rarely Take out: extract/obtain Spur: encourage Coverage: reportage Dimly: faintly Mildly: gently Inevitable: certain Isolated: solitary Call off: cancel Now and then: occasionally Find fault with: criticize Grasp: take hold of/understand/follow Lately: recently Manual: physical Harness: utilize Resident: occupant Steadily: continuously Remedy: cure/improve Draft: formulate Practically: almost/virtually Occasionally: sometimes Try: test Readily: willingly Shine: polish Decent: honest/good Deadly: fatal Insist on: demand Damaging: harmful Speed: velocity

Physician: doctor

Particularly: especially Safe: secure Branch: division Abnormal: unusual Abundant: plentiful

Accelerate: step up/increase Accumulate: collect/build up

Allocate:

assign/distribute/give Childish: immature Barren: bare

Appalling: dreadful/terrible Horrify: terrify Anyhow: anyway Achieve: attain Capability: ability

In conjunction: together Credible: convincing Diligent: hardworking Diverse: varied Faulty: wrong Gorgeous:

magnificent/lovely Persist: continue Regulate: control Scatter: separate

Standpoint: point of view Touching: moving Immense:

enormous/great/large Overtake: pass Advisable: wise Puzzle: mystery: Exhibit: show/display Eternal: everlasting Depict: describe Operative: working Wreck: damage Embody: include

Obscure: prevent/restrain Sensational: exciting Stroll: walk

Annoying: irritating

Deliberately: intentionally Vague: imprecise/unclear Summit: top of the mountain Census: count Duplicate: copy Ban: forbid/prohibit Lawful: legal Mock: laugh at Motive: reason

Notably: particularly Omit: fail

Orthodox: conventional Outrageous: unacceptable Scared: frightened/afraid Hail: acclaim/praise organizer: planner postulate: assume Extinction: die out Abrupt: sudden Mighty: very strong Authentically: genuinely Eligible: entitled/qualified Assert: state firmly/maintain Permit: allow Propose: suggest Regret: sorry

Rely on: depend(ent)on Remove: take off Improve: better Break: beat

Provoke: elicit(招致)/cause Gangster: violent criminal Framework: skeleton/system Hazard: danger/risk/distress Hazardous: dangerous Lure: attraction/temptation Densely: compactly Fascinate: intrigue Fascinating:

wonderful/interesting/attractive

Probe: explore/investigate Settle: solve Tremble: shake Shock: surprise Abide by: stick to/adhere to/follow Widen: broaden Shabby: unfair Uneasy: anxious Demolish: pull down/disprove Adverse: unfavorable Concise: short and clear Courteous: respectful Invaluable: extremely useful Insane: crazy/mad Exhaustive: extremely thorough Vigorous: healthy/energetic Ingenious: clever Without bias: fairly Terminate: put an end to

（第二部分：已考过的词汇）

Ridiculous: foolish/absurd/stupid Obvious: evident/clear Reply: answer Confess: admit Deal with: cope with Purchase: buy Convert:change/vary/ fluctuate/modify/shift/turn Conduct: behavior Start: begin Talk over: discuss Cheerful: pleasant But: only Let: rent Cultivate: develop(cultivating: developing)Merge: combine Graceful: pleasing Prior to: before Weary: tired/exhausted Contaminate: pollute Gauge: assess/measure

Deduce: derive/stem Massive: extensive Cater for: meet Certain: sure/bound Set up: establish Firm: company Survive: live/exist Highly: very Severe: hard Merely: just While: although Annually: every year Particulars: details Limited: small Blend: mix

Durable: long-lasting Expire: die/perish Gaze: stare

sensible: reasonable sustain: maintain upgrade: improve sick: ill

look for: try to find put up: raise lots of: many a lot: much/greatly/considerably pleased: happy/glad/cheerful mend: repair

eternal: everlasting eternally: constantly collaborate: cooperate consolidate: strengthen alleviate: relieve defect: fault

insufficient: inadequate in the end: ultimately complicated: complex appraisal: evaluation close: near alike: similar intelligent: clever goal: aim dismiss: fire

excite: arouse/awaken preserve: keep last: past

specialty: field intimate: friendly miraculous: amazing defer: postpone

elevate: promote/foster award: give dull: boring gap: gulf

grateful: thankful graceful: polite presently: shortly subject: topic

typical: characteristic liable: likely heap: pile sketch: outline utterly: totally urge: advise bump: run celebrity: star

discriminate: distinguish dwell: live

harmonious: balanced persevere: persist dramatic: striking/ sensational root: cause

affect: influence/impact brief: short consume: eat diverse: varied

prolonging: extending unwilling: reluctant slender: slim witty: smart

at stake: in danger guy: man

ample: enough marvel: miracle perpetual: endless

specifications: instructions concrete: specific end: stop

booming: successful rough: difficult promotion: advancement marked: clear miss: avoid capture: catch restrict: limit compile: write profound: deep funny: humorous resentment: anger turmoil: confusion rush hour: peak

as regards: about bust: break wary: cautious expire: end endorse: approve intact: undamaged magnitude: importance skeptical: doubtful cardinal: fundamental contend: compete

thorough: careful tag: label disappointing: chant: repeat

unsatisfactory update: modernize remark: say profile: description spectacular: magnificent asylum: protection obscure: unclear run into: hit approach: handle alleviate: ease contempt: hate evoke: refresh

layout: arrangement discriminate: distinguish

crisp: fresh steep: high

第四篇：2014年职称英语考试试题：理工类常考词组3

中华会计网校&职业培训教育网联合推出

2014年职称英语考试试题：理工类常考词组（3）

为了帮助广大考生有效备考2014年全国职称英语考试，小编特编辑整理了职称英语考试理工类常考词组，希望对您通过2014年职称英语考试有所帮助！

above all首先，毕竟 at a11完全，根本 all over遍及，到处 not at all一点也不

leave alone听其自然，更不用说 one after another一个接一个

anything but除…以外任何事(物)，根本不 as for至于，就…方面说 after all终于，毕竟;虽然这样 all but几乎，差一点 in all总共，总计 aU out全力以赴，竭尽全力 alongwith与…一起 one another互相 as...as像…一样 as if好像，仿佛 as though好像，仿佛 as well也，又

not as/so...as不如…那样 back of在…后部，在...背部 had better最好还是，应该 but for除...以外，倘没有，除非

either...or或…或，不是…就是;无论...还是 even if/though即使，虽然 as to至于，关于

_____________________________________________________________________

[1]

中华会计网校&职业培训教育网联合推出

as well as(除...之外)也，既...又 back and forth往返，来来往往地 because of由于，因为 both…and既…又…，两个都 each other互相 or else否则，要不然 even then即使那样 except for除…之外 by far...得多，最 so far迄今为止 if only要是…就 in itself本身

at least至少，最低程度 a little一点;一些，少许 quite a little相当多，不少 as/so far as远至，到...程度 far from远非，远离 first of aⅡ首先，第一 by itself独自，单独 at last最终，终于

no less than决不少于，不亚(次)于 little by little逐渐地 as/so long as只要，如果 no longer不再，已不 many a许多的 more or less或多或少

no more than不过，仅仅;和...一样 make the most of充分利用

every now and then有时，时时，偶尔

_____________________________________________________________________

[2]

中华会计网校&职业培训教育网联合推出

now and then时而，不时 off and on断断续续，不时地 a great/good many of许多，大量 nlore and mole越来越 no more不再

at(the)most最多，至少，不超过 neither…nor既不…也不 just now刚才，一会儿以前 now that既然，由于

_____________________________________________________________________

[3]

第五篇：2014年职称英语考试试题：理工类常考词组4

中华会计网校&职业培训教育网联合推出

2014年职称英语考试试题：理工类常考词组（4）

为了帮助广大考生有效备考2014年全国职称英语考试，小编特编辑整理了职称英语考试理工类常考词组，希望对您通过2014年职称英语考试有所帮助！

and so on等等

all at once突然;同时，一起 once(and)for all一劳永逸，限此一次 by oneself独自地，单独地 other than不同于 all right好，行

ever since从那时起，自那时以来 ever so非常，极其

so…as to结果是;如此...以至于 at once立刻，马上 once more再一次，又一次 every other每隔一个地

over and over(again)一再，再三 all round周围，处?/P> and so on/forth等等 or so大约，左右 sofar迄今为止

so that以便，为的是;结果是 such as像....that is(=i.e.)就是说，即 up to起来，从事于，忙于;直至

what if如果……将会怎样，即使…又如何 whether…or是…还是，不管…还是 and yet可是，然而 abide by坚持;遵守

_____________________________________________________________________

[1]

中华会计网校&职业培训教育网联合推出

adapt to(使)适应，适合;改编 so…that如此...以至于 such…that那样的…以致 as though好像

what about(对于)…怎么样 go wrong发生故障，出毛病 as yet到目前(那时)为止 accustom to使习惯 adhere to粘附，胶着;坚持 cling to粘住;依附;坚持 compensate for补偿，赔偿 conceive of设想，构思;以为 consult with商量，商议

apologize(一ise)to sb.for sth.道歉，认错

_____________________________________________________________________

[2]