第一篇：2012职称英语理工类押题精品
第八篇 A Biological Clock一个生物时钟
Every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior.The biological clock tells(1)humans when to form flowers and when the flowers should open1.It tells(2)insects when to leave the protective cocoon茧 and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal(3)affect the actions of some biological clocks.Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur(4)because the number of hours of daylight.In the short(5)days of winter, its fur becomes white.The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight summer.Inner signals control other biological clocks.German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration(6)flight twice each year.Birds(7)prevented from flying become restless when it is time for the trip,(8)but they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which(9)parts of the brain contain biological clocks.An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain(10)seems to control the timing of some of our actions.These(11)cells tell a person when to(12)awaken, when to sleep and when to seek food.Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.Dr.Moorhead is studying(13)how our biological clocks affect the way we do our work2.For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours.(14)It can take3 many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours.Dr.Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers.He said(15)such understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory’s production.第九篇Wonder Webs惊奇网络
Spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps.And the world’s best web spinner may be the Golden Orb Weaver spider.The female Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet(1)tough enough to snare a flying bird without breaking.The secret of the web’s strength? A type of super-resilient(2)silk called dragline.When the female spider is ready to(3)weave the web’s spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly.Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along(4)it to spin the web’s trademark spiral.恒星英语论坛
Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a Golden Orb Weaver(5)reuses her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years.The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made(6)material used in bullet-proof vests.And thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original(7)length and snap back as well as new.No human-made fiber even comes(8)close.It is no(9)wonder manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk.In the consumer pipeline: High-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run.Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables.A steady(10)supply of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars – but how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not(11)work because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors.Now, scientists at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline.The(12)first step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders.Next, implant the genes into goat egg cells.The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their(13)milk.“The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without(14)any help from us,” says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner.Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers(15)as fast as the real thing snags bugs.第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness心灵鸡汤：爽心
食品排解孤独感
Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries．1 but
according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and
2emotions．The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel．
“For me 3 personally ,food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has 4looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6 by making people think of their nearest and dearest.In one experiment, in order to make 7 participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment.Then, some people in each
8group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food．9 Finally ,the researchers had participants 10 complete
questions about their levels of loneliness．
Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally 11secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．”We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．“says Troisi．”Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others．“In 12their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13 experience of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment, 14eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our 15connections with others,” Troisi says．“Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．
* 第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities气候变化给不备
城市带来重大风险
A new examination of urban policies has been 1carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 2 urban development．She warns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to 3reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4 gases ．These gases are known to affect the atmosphere．”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao.”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to 5protect their residents.”
Cities are 6 major sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change.Lankao’s findings
highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 7 benefits ．
The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters.Potential
8threats
associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather.Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat heavily
paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoods that may 10lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 11 without access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments, 12therefore,should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric 13rather than meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs.They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce 14automobile use.In fact, many local governments are taking a hands—off approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their 15 idle
policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.★*第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk快餐加免费降胆
固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险
Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London 2suggest in a new study．
Statins reduce the 3amount of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood.A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack 4risk.In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from
6eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．
Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the 7unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your
8possobility of having a heart attack.Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less thesame
9degree
as a fast food meal increases it.”
“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they 10like , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed.It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11provided
free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per 12customer
---not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said．
When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take 13measures that lower their risk, 1ike 14wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.Taking a statin is a rational way of 15lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．
*第三十二篇
Mind-reading Machine 1)What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes? 2)Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer? 3)“Highlighting the areas of the brain at work” means 4)What did the researchers experiment on? 5)Which of the following can be the best replacement of the title? Mind-reading Machine
1)Neurons in the brain.2)fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.3)“marking the parts of the brain that are processing information” 4)Two volunteers.5)Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned.①什么负责处理通过眼睛发送的信息？ ②下面哪个观点不是作者的意思？
③“Highlighting the areas of the brain at work”的意思是___________。④研究人员用什么做实验？
⑤下列哪个选项最能替换标题？
①大脑中的神经元
②fMRI帮助科学家去发现大脑如何智能地开发？
③标记出大脑部分来处理信息（大脑部分作出记号来处理信息）④2名志愿者
⑤你的想法可以被扫描（知晓）
*第三十四篇
（新增）Batteries Built by Viruses 1）According to the first paragraph, people try to 2）What is Belcher's team doing at present? 3）What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word “shrink” appearing in paragraph 5?
4）Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6? 5）How tiny is one battery part?34.Batteries Built by Viruses）stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.2）It is making batteries with viruses.读心机 3）Expand.4）It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.5）Its width is one tenth of a hair.①根据第一段，人们试着去做_________ ②贝尔彻的团队现在在做___________-③下面哪一个词的意思和文中第五段的“萎缩”的意思相反。④在文中第六段中提到的关于贝尔彻的团队，哪一项是正确的。⑤一个电池能够有多小？ 34．病毒电池 ① 远离病毒，因为他们能够导致各种疾病 ②制作用病毒构成的电池 ③扩展
④有病毒在里面的金属圆盘 ⑤它的宽度是头发的十分之一
*第三十五篇
Putting Plants to work 1)What does the writer say about plants concerning solar energy? 2)Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches? 3)According to the fifth paragraph, under what conditions are algae able to use solar energy to make hydrogen? 4)Researchers have met with difficulties when trying to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently.Which one of the following is one such difficulty？ 5)What is NOT true of algae?
35.Putting Plants to work 1)Plants have been using solar energy for billions of years.2)Because they want green plants to become a new source of energy.3)When there is no oxygen in the air.4)It is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed.5)They are cheap to eat.①关于植物涉及太阳能，作者说________ ②一些科学家研究植物如何把阳光、二氧化碳、水转化成糖和淀粉的原因是________。③ 根据第五段，________时，海藻能用太阳能制造氢气？
④ 研究员们发现在努力使海藻有效产生氢气时存在困难，这样的困难是_________ ⑤于海藻的说法，错误的是_________ ①植物数十亿年来一直利用太阳能 ②因为他们想让绿色植物变成新的能源 ③当空气中没有氧气
⑤硫酸盐被清除后，海藻太慢而不能产生（更多）的氢气 ⑥作为食物，它们很便宜
*第三十八篇（新增）
“Life Form Found” on Saturn’s Titan 1）What have scientists found about Saturn? 2）What do scientists say about Titan? 3）To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What does"this form
4）What can be inferred from what Allen said? 5）Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?
让植物发挥作用 38.“Life Form Found” on Saturn’s Titan
1）They have found methane-based life on Titan 2）There are life clues there.3)Methane-based life.4)Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.5)A different Life Form, a Possibility ①在土星上科学家发现了什么_____________.②关于土卫六科学家说了什么______________
③艾伦说了什么，从中能得到推论出什么______________ ④动物园中饲养的大象遭受压力和肥胖的可能的原因是______________.⑤下列那句话能代替本文的主题________38.土卫六上发现生命迹象 ①他们在土卫六上发现以甲烷为基础的生命迹象 ②有生命在那。
③以甲烷为基础的生命迹象。
④在土卫六上是否存在生命科学家们有不同的争论。⑤可能存在一种与地球不同的生命形式。*第四十篇
Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety 1）What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph? 2）What is implied in the third paragraph? 3）According to the experiment, those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt 4）The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings 5）David Geary thinks that 40.Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety 1)Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2)A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.3)uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.4)prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.5)the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.①第一段提到的在芝加哥大学研究的结果是_____________。②第三段落的含义是_____________。
③根据实验,这些教师可能是担心时,他们的数学成绩的感受_____________。④第六段落告诉我们研究发现_____________。
⑤David Geary 认为_____________。40.教数学，教焦虑
①女性教师信任她们的数学能力和女学生的数学能力有关 ②一个困难的科目像数学可能影响教师的教学主题的信心。③看到很多的销售数据就会感到不自在
④女性教师的数学焦虑和她们的女学生的数学成绩有很有力的联系 ⑤实验结果还是初步的，需要更大的样本对其进行重复验证
第二篇：2014年职称英语理工类B级考前押题(-)
2014年职称英语理工类B级考前押题(一)第一部分 词汇选项
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1、The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.A.force
B.influence
C.surprise
D.power
2、Can you follow the plot?
A.change
B.investigate
C.write
D.understand
3、Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A.physical
B.mental
C.natural
D.hard
4、In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A.result
B.judgment
C.decision
D.event
5、Norman B amey,is an artist of deep convictions.A.statements
B.beliefs
C.suggestions
D.claims
6、Up to now, the work has been easy.A.So
B.So long
C.So that
D.So far
7、The report advocated setting up day training colleges.A.supposed
B.excited
C.suggested
D.discussed
8、Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.A.Therefore
B.Afterwards
C.However
D.Furthermore
9、The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.A.view
B.sight
C.look
D.point
10、Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A.tensely
B.nearly
C.carefully
D.closely
11、The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A.explained
B.invented
C.considered
D.accepted
12、He talks tough but has a tender heart.A.heavy
B.strong
C.kind
D.wild
13、It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A.making
B.taking
C.discussing
D.expecting
14、Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing..A.waste
B.buy
C.use
D.sell
15、The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A.function
B.ability
C.power
D.volume 第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Computers
Before the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a company's activities.The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used.Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments.In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company.On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies.Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales, billing, and other activities.In large companies, electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States —— one for every 10 citizens.It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station.In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate, they need to understand how computers work.However, in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers.Rather, managers should understand how computerized information systems work;how they are developed;their limitations and costs;and the manner in which information systems may be used.Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shop
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned One thing that managers do not have to understand is how computers work.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned Computerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.1.Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them.These sounds are called echoes(回声).Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.2.Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor.Sounds or ultrasonic(超声的)sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships.Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large objects.So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools.3.Radar is now a familiar tool.Like many others it was an unexpected discovery.It was first observed by two researchers, who were studying sound communication.They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington，D IC.to a vehicle across the river.They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships.They recognized the importance of this discovery at once.4.All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed.The word “radar,” in fact, gets its name from the term “radio detection(检测)and ranging.” “Ranging” is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set.Today, in our scientific age, it would be difficult to manage without radar.5.One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways.When a person in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit, radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him.6.A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone.Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar.Human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.Paragraph 2__________.Paragraph 3__________.Paragraph 4__________.Paragraph 5__________.A Study of Sound
B Highway Police
C Working Principles
D Early Use of “Radar”
E Useful Tools
F Discovery by Chance Echo-sounding devices were early used to__________.Ultrasonic device were used to__________.Police use radar on highways to__________.Radar helps pilots to__________.A detect nearby objects
B determine the depth of the ocean water
C decide how fast you drive
D stop passing ships
E map the ocean floor
F observe water flow 第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Ocean Noise Pollution
Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities.It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines.Such noises are added to natural sounds.These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.Decibels(分贝)measured in water are different from those measured on land.A noise of one hundred-twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears.In water, a decibel level of one-hundred ninety-five would have the same effect.Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels in.oceans.They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales(鲸鱼).A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals.The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing.This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way.Some of the whales even died.The explosions had caused their ears to bleed(出血)and become infected(感染).Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels.They say such a limit is a greater danger than they believed.They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.31 According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?
A The sound of a car.B The sound of voices.C Man-made noise pollution.D The sound of steps.32 According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT__________.A sounds made by animals themselves.B ocean drilling.C underwater earthquakes.D the breaking of ice fields.，33 Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?
A The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.B Different places may have different types of noises.C The decibel is not a suitable unit for measuring underwater noise.D Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.34 Which of the following is true of whales?
A They won't be confused by noises.B They are deaf to noises.C Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.D Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.35 According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?
A They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.B They will protect animals from harmful noises.C They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.D They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.第二篇
Lifetime Employment in Japanese Companies
In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment.What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire.In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work.Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it.By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future.It is not surprising that devotion to one's company is considered a great virtue in Japan.A man is often prepared to put his firm's interests before those of his immediate family.The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work.They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career.This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time.They can afford to, take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts.This marriage between the employee and the companymay explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.36 Lifetime employment in the Japanese company means that the employee__________.A leaves his company only when business is bad.B gets a job soon after he leaves school or university.C can work there throughout his career，D can have his serious mistakes in work corrected.37 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A Family and company interests are equally important
B The Japanese worker is very loyal to his company.C One's future is guaranteed through hard work.D Devotion to one's company is encouraged……
Lifetime employment influences one's__________.A achievements at work.B performance at work.C career options.D attitude toward work.39 The Japanese worker is fond of his company's products because of__________.A his marriage with the daughter of the president.B the close link between him and his company.C his willingness to work overtime.D his active participation in quality control，40 The passage mainly discusses__________.A how lifetime employment works in Japan.B what benefits lifetime employment has brought to Japanese workers.C what lifetime employment is.D how lifetime employment is viewed.第三篇
Dreams of Flight
The story of man's dream of flight, of his desire to reach the stars, is as old as mankind itself.According to Greek legend, Daedalus was the first man to fly.He and his son had been kept on an island.In order to escape, Daedalus shaped wings of wax(2)into which he stuck bird feathers.During their flight, his son flew too high and the sun melted the wax.He was drowned in the sea.The father was supposed to have continued his flight and reached Sicily, several hundred miles away.There is also an English legend of King Bladud who, during his rule in the ninth century B.C., used wings to fly.But his flight was short-lived and he fell to his death.The dream of flying continued, but in all the legends, the flier rose like a bird only to fall like a stone.It took hundreds of years that men flew up into the air and returned to earth safely.The first man to approach flying on a scientific basis was an Englishman who lived during the thirteenth century.He looked at the air about us as a sea, and he believed that a balloon could float on the air just as a boat did on water.Almost four hundred years later, an Italian priest applied his principle of air flight.He designed a boat, which would be held in the air by four hollow spheres(空心球).ach of the four balls was to be 20 feet in diameter(直径)and made of very thin copper.But his boat was never built since it was not possible to make spheres of such thin metal and such size in those days.After studying the flight of birds and the movement of the air, a great scientist of the fifteenth century concluded that birds flew because they flapped(摆动)their wings and that it was possible for man to do the same.So a kind of flapping-wing flying machine was invented.Many men tried and failed to fly with flying machines.It was not until 1890 that people discovered why this method would never succeed-man could not develop sufficient power with his arms and legs.41 How did Daedalus manage to escape to Sicily, according to the passage?
A He killed the guards and got out of the island.B A god came to rescue him and took him away.C His son came to rescue him and took him away.D He made wings of wax and flew away from the island.42 According to the English legend, King Bladud lost his life because__________.A he flew too far.B he flew too high.C he fell to the ground，D he was hit by a stone.43 The first scientific air flight was designed by__________.A a Greek.B an Englishman.C a Chinese.D an Italian.44 The priest failed to build the boat because__________.A he could not raise enough money.B his design was not scientific.C he could not find enough copper.D copper spheres could not be made as designed
According to the last paragraph, man could not fly with flapping-wing flying machines because__________.A he could not develop adequate power with his arms and legs.B he knew nothing about the movement of the air.C they were made of heavy metal.D they were made of light feathers.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Building of the Pyramids
The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids.__________(46)There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids.The most famous of these are the “Step” pyramid and the “Bent” pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago.Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings.__________(47).These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.__________(48).However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves.__________(49)
Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools Which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning before they could begin to build.__________(50)You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere.Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.A The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to fall into ruin.B It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved.C The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place.D Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used.E Many people were killed while building the pyramids.F They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Transportation
For many years in the desert, camels Used to be the only form of transportation(运输).Before the(51)of modern trains, camel trains used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and Europe.Traders sometimes(52)to put together camel trains with 10,000 to 15,000 animals.Each animal often carried(53)400 pounds and could travel twenty miles a day.This form of transportation was so important that camels were called the “ships of the(54).”
Now modern trains travel across the desert in a very(55)time.One engine can pull as much weight as 135,000(56).In addition, trains use special cars for their load.Refrigerator cars carry food;boxcars carry heavy goods;stock cars carry animals;and tank cars carry oil.Air travel has changed, too.The earliest planes were biplanes(双翼飞机), with(57)sets of wings.The top speed of this plane was 60 miles per hour.The pilots used to sit or lie on the wings in the open air.The plane(58)sometimes stopped in the middle of a trip.It used to be(59)to fly in bad weather.In snow or in rain, the wings frequently became icy.Then the plane might go down.Mechanical improvements during the First World War changed airplanes.Monoplanes(单翼飞机)took the(60)of biplanes.Pilots flew inside of covered cabins.Still, even these planes were small and expensive.Only(61)people were be able to travel in airplanes.Now modern jets make air travel possible for all people.No place in the world is more than 24 hours away by jet.Further improvements have(62)the cost of flying, and they have made air travel(63)safer than it used to be.A modern 707 can carry 170 people and can fly at 600 miles per hour.People(64)used to eat, sleep, or watch movies on airplanes.(65)these things are a normal part of air travel!
A age B series C year
D period
A ought B added C used
D led
A away B as many as C out
D as much as
A desert B trains C transportation D goods
A quick B short C good
D no
A camels B ships C pounds
D cars
A one B three C two
D four
A wings B engines C pilots D speed
A probable B possible C improbable
D impossible
A seat B pace C place
D vacancy
A technical B rich C those
D professional
A got rid of B raised C avoided
D lowered
A much B so C very
D such
A sometimes B occasionally C neither
D never
A But B So C Now
D However 参考答案:
词汇选项
1-15 BDAAB DCAAD ACCCD
阅读判断
16.A
17.B
18.B
19.A
20.B 21.C
概括大意
23.D
24.F
25.C
26.B
27.E
28.B
29.C
30.A
阅读理解
参考答案：
31.C
32.B
33.A
34.D
35.B
36.C
37.A
38.D
39.B
40.A
41.D
42.C
43.D
44.D
45.A
补全短文
46.F
47.A
48.B
49.D
50.C
完形填空
46.F
47.A
51.A
52.C
56.A
57.C 48.B
49.D 53.B
54.A 58.C
59.D 50.C 55.B 60.C
第三篇：2012职称英语押题
To Have and have not 1.why did the writer want to to have a change of scene 2.what attracted the writer the light coming from inside 3.the writer found the stock of top quality 4.what was unusual about the she seemed to know him 5.the writer disliked the back he saw nothing he really like
Going Her Own Way 1.maria wanted to attend technical high school 2.in those days,most Italian girls did not go to high school 3.you can infer from this passage only boys usually attend 4.maria’s father probably had very traditional views 5.high school teachers in Italy in quite strict
A Tale of Scottish Rural Life 1.what is sunset song mainly
the lives of rural Scottish 2.which statement is not true she married only once
3.what is the opening section
the history of kinraddie 4.who are responsible for ewan
the germans
5.the word sunset occurring in
the end of traditional life
Pop Music in Africa
1.this passage is about how
more serious than most 2.for people outside of Africa
both familiar and different 3.the musicians mentioned in
write about serious problems 4.eric wainaina music in boston 5.witness mwaijaga writes about
she has had a difficult life
Why So Many Children 1.in a traditional agricultural
can be an advantage 2.when countries become
the birth rate generally 3.according to this passage
industrialized low birth 4.Saudi Arabia is mentioned
Factors other than the 5.In mexico,Thailand,and
Has tried to improve the
EAT to Live
1.which of the following not
we have to begin dieting 2.why does the author mention
to illustrate the effect of 3.what can be inferred about
they are more likely to suffer 4.which of the following most
the mice that started dieting 5.according to the last two
dieting is not a good method
New us Plan for Disease Prevention 1.which is not true of chronic
they often result in unhealthy 2.the author mentions all the
higher survival rate for cancer 3.the article indicates that more
much less money needed for 4.the $15 million program is
promoting disease prevention 5.early cancer screening can help
cancer death rate
The Operation of International Airlines 1.in operating airlines it is essential
cater to the need of passengers 2.the following are all mentioned
the tourist industry is experiencing
3.the improvements the airlines
showing more movies during 4.there is not much the airlines
speeding up customs procedure 5.which of the following is a bad
travel on the flight they booked
Sauna
1.ceremonial bathing various forms 2.what is understood by some
saunas with smoke
3.according to the third except
curing asthma
4.according to the fourth because
pores are cleaned by sweat 5.who are advised not to take
all of the above
Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist 1.the question raised in the first
that was never thought of before 2.the project funded by the national
was to find out why some buildings 3.the column mentioned by dr.was part of the building close to 4.A surprising discovery made by
Some floor framing systems are 5.What dr.reinhorn said in the last
Blast engineering emerges as a Americans Get Touchy 1.the word “practically”in the
nearly 2.which is not among the embrace 3.some parents tearchers excep diseases could be transmitted 4.which following is true in some countries,it’s usual 5.we can infer that
positive
Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for 1.debenhams could most a department store 2.british women are happy the climate of great britain 3.we can infer from the second most women no longer wore 4.which following statements true from the age of 23,skirt length 5.the word “zoom” in the first soar
Defending the Theory of Evolution 1.according to the first paragraph school boards oppose AIBS’s 2.which one of not the reason darwin’s theory is denied as 3.AIBS is composed
more than 80
4.According to weis in the 5th
Is fundamental to the 5.Why do people replace the
The term creationism is too
Narrow Escape
1.why was it “too late” by the
rocks loosened by melting 2.the first reason given to
that climbers above you 3.what is likely to be cailloux
rocks are falling
4.what is sarcastic in the words
being hit by a rock isn’t 5.in what sense was toby ”safe”
the overhanging rock would
Finding Enlightenment in Scotland 1.scotland is thought to have
the ideas proposed by some 2.which of the following
to find ways to improve 3.smith’s idea of “enlightened
the prosperity of all nations 4.which of the following true
it is still alive in a broad sense 5.the institute for system level
the tradition of Scottish higher
The Beginning of American Literature 1.what does “that hope” in
the hope to start a new life 2.when did American literature
long before the year 1,000 3.what can we learn from the
about the everyday life of 4.the main purpose of the last
early-day experience 5.which of the following true
some british writers had great
Older Volcanic Eruptions
1.why did older volcanic eruptions
they killed off life more 2.how did wignall calculate
by comparing the proportion 3.when did dinosaurs become
million years ago 4.what can be inferred from
the cause of their extinction 5.what is the main thesis of
older volcanic eruptions were
School Lunch
Properly
provide choose finding Standards portion examined Consume understanding increased Criticize nutritional affect habits
prevent
A Powerful Influence
Ever Curious harmful staring at
absorbed
Make word holding Steps negotiating seriously discuss
Necessarily
absolutely going
The Old Gate
Reasons diseases demolished
Stroke actual boundary storage Unfashionable maintain set up Preservation down replaced Chance job
Family History
Attracted
find
fairly
one
Going
decision quite
cause Avoided
connected
treat
for way
get
might
Helen and Martin
Would up weakened curiosity Become warning bothered Confidence ignoring through Gaining on took help quiet
第四篇：2015年职称英语理工类A级考前押题(二)
2015年职称英语理工类A级考前押题(二)
一、词汇辨析(共15题，合计15分)1 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.A.take out
B.break off C.push in D.dig up 2The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.A.play B.show C.send D.tell 3 This table is strong and durable.A.long-lasting
B.extensive C.far-reaching D.eternal 4 He endured great pain before he finally expired.A.fired B.resigned C.die D.retreated 5The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.A.smilingB.laughingC.shouting D.staring 6The index is the government's chief gauge of future economic activity A.measure B.opinion C.method D.decision 7It's sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first.A.workable B.reasonable C.possible D.available 8 A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water.A.boiled B.polluted C.mixed D.sweetened 9You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position A.maintain
B.better C.acquire D.support 10 She stood there, trembling with fear.A.jumping B.crying C.moving D.shaking Medical facilities are being upgraded.A.expanded B.repairedC.improved D.transferred 12 Rock climbing is hazardous.A.interesting B.dangerous C.attractive D.useful 13John is eligible for this job.A.accepted B.recommendedC.rejectedD.recommended 14 In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production.A.involveB.decreaseC.speed upD.give up 15Mary looked pale and weary.A.worried B.ugly
C.silly D.exhausted
二、阅读判断(共1题，合计7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑
Micro-chip research center created A research center has been set up in this far-east country to develop advanced micro-chip production technology.The center, which will start out with about US$14million,will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants.The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country‟s flagship chipmaker.Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don‟t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology provider are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance.As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while plants with out-dated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker.More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of U.S.dollars.the majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners-mainly from Japan and Singapore.Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in industry, the country admits the US$14million in vestment is still rather small.This country is developing comprehensive technologies.Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property owners.16The country says that the investment of US$14 million is big enough for developing that country‟ chip industry.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 17 That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 18Although the licensing fees are not very high, that far-east country cannot afford to pay.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 20 Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 21Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 22 More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
三、概括大意(共1题，合计8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more
trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night.People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and
feeling refreshed after a night‟s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine，demonstrate that people who want to get a good night‟s rest may not need to set aside。more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea'‟for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep
questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they
experienced any sleep problems.Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed.As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they‟ll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said.23Paragraph 2 _E__.24Paragraph 4_B__.25Paragraph 5__A_.26Paragraph 6__D_.A.Keprike‟s research tool B.Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep
C.Criticism on Kripke‟s report D.A way of overcoming insomnia E.Sleep problems of long and short sleepers
F.Classification of sleep problems 27To get a good night‟s rest，people may not need to _F__.28Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to__E_.29One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to__A_.One survey showed that people who habitually __C_each night have a higher risk of dying.A fall asleep again.B become more energetic the following day
C sleep less than 7 hours D confirm those serious consequences
E suffer sleep problems F sleep more than 8 hours
四、阅读理解(共3题，合计45分)短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短
文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Stress Level Tied to Education Level
People with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the
Journal of Health and Social Behavior.However, the study also found that when 1ess-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health.From this, researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random.Ⅵr11ere you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them.The research team interviewed a national sample of 1.03 1 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health.People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days，people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time，and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time.„Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health。‟”lead researcher Dr.Joseph Grzywacz，of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement.“The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors.and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged.”
Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why
less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic.“If something happens every day, maybe it‟snot seen as a
stressor”Grzywacz says.“Maybe it is just 1ife.”
Stress level is closely related to B)social status.32The 1.03 1 adults were interviewed A)on adaily basis for 8days.33 Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days?
D)People with college degrees.34The less advantaged people are，the greater
A)the impact of stress on their health is.35Less—educated people report fewer days of stress possibly because C)stress is too common a factor in their life.Superconductor Ceramic(陶瓷)An underground revolution begins this winter.With the flip(轻击)of a switch,30,000homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive
electricitytransmitted by ice cold high performance cables.Other American cities are expected to followDetroit's example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power.The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary becausethey are made of superconductors.A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity withlittle or no resistance.Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current.Allcommon electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance.They convert atleast some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat.Superconductors don't.No one understands how superconductivity works.It just does.Making superconductors isn't easy.A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistance.The first superconductors, made more than 50years ago, had to be cooled to-263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance.Newersuperconducting materials lose their resistance at-143 degrees Celsius.The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material thatcontains copper, oxygen, bismuth(铋), strontium(锶), and calcium(钙).A ceramic is ahard, strong compound made from clay or minerals.The superconducting ceramic has beenfashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen.Liquid nitrogen is super cold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where itconveys electricity with zero resistance.The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance.Becausecooled supercondUutors have no resistance, they waste much less power, other cities arewatching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable andconserve power, too.36What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph? C.Great amounts of power can be conserved.37Compared to common electrical conductors, superconductors__________ A.have little or no electrical resistance 38 At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance__________? A.-143 degree Celsius.39 What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature__________? B.Liquid nitrogen.40According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true__________? D.The Fribie experiment is not successful.The Science of the Future
Until recently, the “science of the future” was supposed to be electronics and artificialintelligence.Today it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs intechnology will be brought through a combination of those two sciences with organic chemistryand genetic engineering.This combination is the science of biotechnology.Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic(合成的)materials.However,it is still difficult to manufacture anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve heat and alsoto absorb moisture.Nothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near thecombination of strength, lightness and flexibility that we fred in the bodies of ordinary insects.Nevertheless, scientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in “growing” a material that has many of the characteristics of human skin.The next step may well be “biotech heartsand eyes” which can replace diseased organs in human beings.These will not be rejected by thebody, as is the case with organs from humans.The application of biotechnology to energy production seems even more promising.In1996 the famous science-fiction writer, Arthur C.Clarke, many of whose previous predictionshave come true.He said that we may soon be able to develop remarkably cheap and renewablesources of energy.Some of these power sources will be biological.Clarke and others havewarned us repeatedly that sooner or later we wi/1 have to give up our dependence on non-renewable power sources.Coal, oil and gas are indeed convenient.However, using them alsomeans creating dangerously high levels of pollution.It will be impossible to meet the growingdemand for energy without increasing that pollution to catastrophic(灾难性的)levels unlesswe develop power sources that are both cheaper and cleaner.It is attempting to think that biotechnology or some other “science of the future” can solveour problems.Before we surrender to that temptation we should remember nuclear power.Only a few generations ago it seemed to promise/imit/ess, cheap and safe energy.Today thosepromises lie buried in a concrete grave in a place called Chernobyl, in the Ukraine.Biotechnology is unlikely, however, to break its promises in quite the same or such a dangerousway.41According to the passage, the science of the future is likely to be__________ B.biotechnology 42 Organic chemistry helps to produce materials that are__________ C.not as good as natural materials 43 According to the passage, it may soon be possible__________ D.to make artificial hearts and eyes 44In 1996, Arthur C.Clarke predicted that__________ B.oil, gas and coal could be repeatedly used in the future.45 What do we learn from the last paragraph__________?
C.Biological power may not be as dangerous as nuclear power.五、补全短文(共1题，合计10分)补全短文
Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned.Government bureaus, trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers.Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs.They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and ____(46)C in preparing effective advertising campaigns ____.They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects.They offer familiarization and workshop tours ____(47)_ B so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand
knowledge of the tours.___.Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling.In this way agents learn ____(48)_ F to explain destinations
___ and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel-planes;ships, trains, motorcoaches，car-rentals, and even car purchases.Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement.Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, ____(49)_ E hotels rely upon agencies
___, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers, ____(50)_ A including car-rental and sight-seeing services.___.Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours.All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.六、完形填空(共1题，合计15分)Nobody likes insects.They are
annoying and sometimes dangerous.Some of them bite us and give us 51;others bite us and give us big red 52.Some do not bite, 53 they just fly round our heads or crawl round our houses and gardens.And we do not like any of them 54 those lovely butterflies.But insects are interesting.First, they are very 55 animals.Three
hundred and twenty million years ago there were no men or other mammals in the world but there were insects.Today, 56 every square mile of land there are millions of them flying and crawling 57.Second, insects are very adaptable to their habitat, to their food and to the weather.Now there are about a million different 58 in the world.59 do people use insecticides? Not many insects 60 us.In many cases we do not see the insects and we do not think much about them.The reason is that insects eat 61 of man's food, 62 there are so many billions of them.We must use insecticides
to get rid of them.An insecticide is simply a special chemical 63 with some poisonous elements.Farmers spray their crops very often and the insects die quickly.Of course some poisonous chemicals may 64 on the crops or in the 65 , and that is also dangerous.51 B.diseases 52 C.spots 53 B.but 54 D.except
55A.old 56A.on 57 C.about 58A.species 59 D.Why
C.hurt 61 D.so much
C.and 63 C.compound 64 B.stay 65A.soil
第五篇：2012年职称英语考试理工类A押题(考前内部资料)
2012职称英语理工A押题模拟试题
教材原题（1篇阅读理解和完形填空）
2012年职称英语教材的完形填空和阅读理解与2011年比有没有新增的课文(理工)阅读理解（6篇）
第六篇
Making Light of1 Sleep 第十九篇
Graphene's Superstrength1 *第三＋八篇
“Life Form Found” on Saturn's Titan *第四十篇
Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四＋五篇
Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” 完形填空（6篇）
第三篇
Germs on Banknotes
第十篇
Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness *第十一篇
Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities *第十二篇
Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk +第十三篇
Solar Power without Solar Cells +第十五篇
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage 注：
+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；
职称英语押题 押题模拟试题 2012 职称英语押题模拟试题第一部分：词汇选项(第 1～15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面共有 15 个句子，每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子 后面所给的 4 个选项中选择 1 个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂 在答题卡相应的位置。
1.I could recognize the old car at a glance.A square B feature C flame D glimpse 2.Contact your doctor if the cough persists． A insists B C D perseveres continues resists 3.It is seldom acceptable to abbreviate words in formal writing.A B C D omit explain invent shorten 4.They scattered after dinner． A separated B C D 5.A B C D fled departed spread The mail was delayed for two days because of the snow-storm.held in held up held down held off 6.The story was touching． A inspiring B C D 7.boring moving frightening Many teachers don't like to use up-to-date textbooks in their classes.A odd B modern C D 8.B C D old interesting The telephone system is no longer operative.moving rotating working A running 9.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A shaken B C D fallen damaged trembled 10 Jim has gained so much weight that a lot of his clothes don't fit him any more.A put off B put down C D put onwww.xiexiebang.commission to regulate competition in the Community are increasing． A fight B C D abolish remove control 14.I hope you have left none of your belongings in the hotel.A B documents possessions C D children clothes 15.This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a small town in the South.A describes B C D draws writes introduces 参考答案：1 A 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 C 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 B 11 B 12 B 13 D 14 C 15 A 第二部分：阅读判断(第 16～22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该 句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把 A 涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡 上把 B 涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把 C 涂黑。Norwich Norwich, the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has been in existence for more than two thousand years.It began as a small village beside the River Wensum.At the time of the Norman invasion in 1066 it had grown to become one of the largest towns in England.With two cathedrals and a mosque(清真寺), Norwich has long been a popular centre for various religions.The first cathedral was built in 1095 and has recently celebrated its 900th anniversary, while Norwich itself had a year of celebration in 1994 to mark the 800th anniversary of the city receiving a Royal Charter.This allowed it to be called a city and to govern itself independently.Today, in comparison with places like London or Manchester, Norwich is quite small, with a population of around 150,000, but in the 16th century Norwich was the second largest city of England.It continued to grow for the next 300 years and got richer and richer, becoming famous for having as many churches as there are weeks in the year and as many pubs as their are days in the year.Nowadays, there are far fewer churches and pubs, but in 1964 the University of East Anglia was built in Norwich.With its fast-growing student population and its success as a modern commercial centre(Norwich is the biggest centre for insurance services outside London),the city now has a side choice of entertainment: theatres, cinemas, nightclubs, busy cafes, excellent restaurants, and a number of arts and leisure centres.There is also a football team, whose colours are green and yellow.The team is known as “The Canaries(金丝雀)”,though nobody can be sure why.Now the city's attractions include another important development, a modern shopping centre called “The Castle Mall”.The people of Norwich lived with a very large hold in the middle of their city for over two years, as builders dug up the main car park.Lorries moved nearly a million tons of earth so that the roof of the mall could become a city centre park, with attractive water pools and hundreds of trees, but the local people are really pleased that the old open market remains, right in the heart of the city and next to the new development.Both areas continue to do good business, proving that Norwich has managed to mix the best of the old and the new.16 The River Wensum flows by Norwich.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 People have lived by the River Wensum for at least 2,000 years.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Norwich has been a city since its first cathedral was built.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Norwich has always been one of the smallest English cities.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 The number of foreign students in Norwich has been increasing since 1964.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 The football team is called “The Canaries” because of the colours the players wear.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 It took more than two years to build “The Castle Mall”.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 参考答案： 16 A 17 A 18 B 19 A 20 C 21 B 22 C 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第 23～30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有项测试任：(1)第 23～26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2～ 5 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 27～30 题要求从所给的个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Health Education 1 Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior.A person's behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution.This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished（营养）child, and the butcher（屠夫，卖肉的人）who gets a cut on his finger.By changing their behavior these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.2 Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services.One example of this is immunization（免疫）: scientists have made many vaccines（疫苗）to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people go to receive the immunization.3 Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery.The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs.Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.4 Health education is not the same thing as health information.Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability（可获性）of resources, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills.Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health.Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5 Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way.Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual.In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.23 Paragraph 2_________.24Paragraph 3_________.25 Paragraph 4_________.26 Paragraph 5_________.A Addressing a Variety of Behavior-affecting Factors B Importance of Immunization C Relationship with Other Health Services D Creation of Necessary Conditions for Healthy Behavior E Encouraging Unhealthy Behavior F Encouragement of Behavior Good for Your Health 27 Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of _________.28 Immunization helps to _________.29 Health education cannot take the place of_________.30 Individuals should be provided with necessary conditions for _________.A many vaccines B prevent diseases C health education D healthy behavior E change unhealthy behavior F other health services 参考答案 23.C 24.F 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.B 29.F 30.D 第四部分：阅读理解(第 31～45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文 回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇 Small But Wise On December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space.The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan.Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 in the known universe,including asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.“I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen before,”said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit4(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap5).Its camera is pointed outward,away from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes.After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however.WISE stands for“Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.”As its name suggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation6.Radiation is energy that travels as a wave.Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light7 that becomes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation.When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree.When these waves enter the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don't see them,and neither do the eyes of human beings.Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't.Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids,for example,are giant rocks that float through space 一 but they absorb most of the light that reaches them.They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see.But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.Brown dwarfs8 are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE's pictures.These objects are“failed” stars 一 which means they are not massive enough to jump start9 the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun.Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down.They're so dim that they're almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.31.What is so special about WISE? A It is small in size but carries a large camera.B It is as small as a trashcan.C Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.D Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.32.Which is NOT the synonym for the word “snap” in the third paragraph? A make.B shoot.C take D photograph.33.The camera on WISE A is no different from an ordinary camera.B does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.C catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.D reflects light that human eyes can see.34.Which of the following is NOT correct about“asteroids” according to paragraph 7? A Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.B Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.C It is difficult to take asteroids' pictures by ordinary cameras, D The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids 35.What is implied in the last paragraph? A Brown dwarfs give off visible light.B Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.C Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.D Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.参考答案： 31 C 32 A 33 C 34 A 35 B 第二篇 Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as “ecosystem engineers” and predators.The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:“Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial3 and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.” “In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups4.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web,” Sanders said.The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said:“What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect — thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.” Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity6 is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness.However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem． Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.36.Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers? A Because they build their own nests.B Because they collect food.C Because their activity affects the environment.D Because they are predators.37.As predators, ants A prey on small as well as large animals.B collect nutritious food from the soil C collect food as decomposers.D prey on species much higher up the food chain.38.Dir Sanders' study centered on how ants A can manage to thrive in huge numbers.B defend their resources and territory against other predators.C attack those invading animals for survival.D produce such a big impact on the environment.39.What does paragraph 6 tell us? A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.C Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.D At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area.40.What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph? A What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live? B How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem? C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem? D How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment? 参考答案：36 C 37 A 38 D 39 B 40 C 第三篇 U.S.Marks 175 Locomotive Years Built by the Mason machine Worlds in 1856, the 27,900-kilogram William Mason was an example of the archetypal 19th Century American locomotive, the oldest in operation in the United States.The locomotive was transferred last month from its open bay in B＆O's historic roundhouse to ready it for this summer's Fair of the Iron Horse, a celebration of 175 years of American railroading, in the city of Baltimore, Maryland.Tests will show whether the old gauges and boiler pressure points are up to federal standards to operate during the six-day festival.“This is sort of the world's fair of railroading,” said Courtney Wilson, executive director of the B＆O Railroad Museum.The festival will run from June 28 to July 3 and display what organizers say is the most impressive collection of locomotives in the Western Hemisphere.At the museum, an area will be set aside for model trains to keep toddlers interested.Children will learn about safety rules around train tracks.Adults will be able to track the development of railroad technology－from horse power to steam and diesel power to magnetic levitation, which can push trains at speeds upward of 390 kph.“We have locomotives coming from all over the country, and we believe even the Rocket is coming from England--the very first locomotive in the world－to participate in this fair,” Wilson said.The Rocket, the first successful steam locomotive in the world, won a competition in 1829 as the fastest locomotive—an event that helped spark worldwide railway interest.“it was probably the fastest machine on Earth in its time,” Wilson said.Rail companies in France, Canada, Germany and Spain have been invited to participate in this year's event.“This will probably be the last time in this century that these many locomotives will be assembled in one spot, and it'll be a once-in-a lifetime experience,” Wilson said.The B＆O Railroad was the host of a similar event in 1927 in nearby Hale Thorpe that attracted more than 1.25 million visitors over three weeks.The railroad held the event for its 100th anniversary.Museum officials hope the event gives people a better appreciation of trains.The museum's 22-sided roundhouse will be a focal point in the months leading up to the festival.Completed in 1884, the building rises 40.5 meters into a huge cupola and covers nearly a half hectare of ground.The roundhouse has been in continuous use since its construction.Inside is the most significant collection of railroad artifacts in the nation, including a replica built in 1926 of the Tom Thumb—the first American built locomotive(constructed in 1830)—and the St.Elizabeth—one of the last steam engines built in the United States(1950).The museum, which sits on about 16 hectares in west Baltimore, holds locomotives, freight and passenger cars and other rolling stock－including cars from the nation's first trains, which were pulled by horses.41 William Mason was the oldest locomotive in operation ________.A in the world B in America C in England D in the region of Baltimore 42 The oldest locomotive will be put to tests again to make sure ________.A its commercial operation is safe B it competes with the Rocket in good shape C its technical information to be presented to the Fair is accurate D it is up to the federal standards before operation 43 Which of the following statements is NOT a correct description of the Rocket? A It was the first successful steam locomotive in the world.B It is believed to be the fastest locomotive in its time.C It will be put on display in festival.D It sped up the development of railroading in America.44 How large is the museum's roundhouse? A One-tenth of the museum.B 16 hectares.C One-thirty-second of the museum.D Not mentioned.45 Which of the following best describes the collection of the artifacts in the museum? A Its collection is important and representative.B The collection is not rich enough.C The replica of the Tom Thumb is disappointing.D The St.Elizabeth, one of the last steam engines is not among the artifacts.参考答案：41 B 42 D 43 D 44 C 45 A 第五部分：补全短文(第 46～50 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分)阅读下面的短文，文章中有 5 处空白，文章后面有 6 组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5 组文 字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。How to Jump Queue Fury If you find yourself waiting in a long queue at an airport or bus terminus this holiday, will you try to analyze what it is about queuing that makes you angry? Or will you just get angry with the nearest official? Professor Richard Larson, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hates queuing but rather than tear his hair out, he decided to study the subject.46.He cites an experiment at Houston airport where passengers had to walk for one minute from the plane to the baggage reclaim and then wait a further seven minutes to collect their luggage.Complaints were frequent, especially from those who had spent seven minutes watching passengers with just hand baggage get out immediately.The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six minutes walking 47 The extra walk extended the delay by five minutes for those carrying only hand baggage, but passenger complaints dropped almost to zero.The reason? Larson suggests that it all has to do with what he calls “social justice”.If people see others taking a short cut, they will find the wait unbearable.48 Another aspect Larson studied was the observation that people get more fed up if they are not told what is going on.49 But even knowing how long we have to wait isn't the whole answer.We must also believe that everything is being done to minimize our delay.Larson cites the example of two neighboring American banks.One was highly computerized and served a customer, on average, every 30 seconds.50.But because the tellers at the second bank looked extremely busy, customers believed the service was faster and many transferred their accounts to the slower bank.Ultimately, the latter had to introduce time-wasting ways of appearing more dynamic.A So in the case of the airport, it was preferable to delay everyone.B The other bank was less automated and took twice as long.C When they finally arrived at the baggage reclaim, the delay was then only two minutes.D His first finding, which backs up earlier work at the US National Science Foundation, was that the degree of annoyance was not directly related to the time.E It's unbearable for the airport to delay everyone.F Passengers told that there will be a half-hour delay are less unhappy than those left waiting even twenty minutes without an explanation.第六部分：完型填空(第 51～65 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)阅读下面的短文，文中有 15 处空白，每处空白给出了 4 个选项，请根据短文的内容从 4 个 选项中选择 1 个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil “liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its 51severity, a new analysis shows.“We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 52 of damage in Japan were unusually severe,” said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,” Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 53.We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.” Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake.It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 54 and flow during an earthquake.This can allow structures to shift or sink or 55.But most earthquakes are much 56 than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said.The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8.“With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 57 structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,” he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 58 filled ground, are much more vulnerable.” The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 59 and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 60 damage was removed in the recovery efforts9.“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar 61 ,” Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.” Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground.The “young” sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 62 within the past 10,000 years or more.In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything 63 a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 64 collapse.Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 65 helped prevent many buildings from collapse---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.下载本文档需要登录，并付出相应积分。如何获取积分?
2011年职称英语理工类A级考试试题
Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others(A级)(无换题现象)
Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 food scientist.The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator? on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public health experts and food companies are Working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat.This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks5.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years.The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.“Most of us like the taste of salt.However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,” said Hayes.“Supertasters, people who experience tastes more mtensely, consume more salt than nontasters do.Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.”
However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted.“For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented, milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,” he said.“A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced6.Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals.As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.”Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weary bitter,“ he said.”Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limited to bitterness.(476)
1.In paragraph 2, John Hayes points out that在第二段中，约翰.海斯指出了___________________。
A.it is good to health to eat food without salt.吃无盐食物对身体有好处。
B.many people reject low-salt food completely..有些人完全反对含盐量低的食物。
C.many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly有很多人不情愿的去接受低盐度的食物。(正确答案)D.food with reduced salt tastes better..含盐量低的食物更好吃。
2.The fourth paragraph describes briefly 第四段简要的介绍了_________________。
A.how to select subjects and what to do in the research.怎样选择被测试者以及研究中做了什么。(正确答案).B.how to identify supertasters and nontasters.怎样定义超重口味的人和没口味的人。
C.why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons.为什么把人的数量限制在87个。
D.why to select more male subjects than female ones.为什么挑选更多的男性。
3.The article argues that supertasters文章指出口味超重的人________________。
A.like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.喜欢用咸味阻挡食物里的甜味。
B.like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.快餐食品是他们最主要的食品。(正确答案)
C.consume less salt because they don't like intensive tastes.吃更少的盐，因为它们不喜欢重口味。
D.like to share salty cheese with nontasters.喜欢和没口味的人分享咸奶酪。
4.Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste? 对于口味超重的人，下列哪项比较适用于苦味?
A.They like bitterness in foods as well as saltiness.他们喜欢食物中的苦和咸。
B.They like high-salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste.他们喜欢很咸的奶酪，因为它有强烈的苦味。
C.They prefer high-salt cheese, which tastes less bitter..他们更喜欢高盐度的而不是很苦的奶酪。(正确答案)
D.They prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health.他们更喜欢很咸的奶酪，因为它对身体更健康。
5.What message do the last two paragraphs carry'? 文章的最后两段所带有的信息是____。
A.Taste acuity is genetically determined.一般情况下，味觉的敏感度由基因决定。(正确答案)
B.Taste acuity is developed over time after birth.自从出生后，味觉的敏感度一直在提高。
C.Taste acuity is related to one's eye and hair color.味觉的敏感度和一个人的眼睛和头发的颜色有关。
D.Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science.味觉的敏感度在科学上仍然是一个谜。
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores(A级)
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study __1__ at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analyses the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters _2___ right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear link between good physical __3__ and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for _4__ thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that _5___ a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength.“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung _6__ and that your brain gets plenty of _7__,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital.“This may be one of the reasons _8__ we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular _9__.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”
By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to _10___ that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a _11__ IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters who _12__ their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.“This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to _13___ maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _14__ national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more _15___ to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.1.A carried B was carried C carried out D carrying out
2.A made B make C taking D took
3.A fit B fitness C health D excises
4.A logical B critical C typical D positive
5.A holds B makes C plays D play
6.A capacity B disease C shape D treatment
7.A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory
8.A what B why C how D where
9.A exercise B training C strength D movement
10.A determine B tell C determining D improve
11.A moderate B average C lower D higher
12.A ignore B improve C like D determine
13.A be good in B study well C do good in D do well in 14.A before B after C without D during
15.A carefully B likely C secretly D happily
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