第一篇：职称英语综合c考试押题
第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。The Mayan civilization flourished on the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico.A profited
B gained
C benefited
D prospered The field of international finance involves policies and procedures that affect the flow of money and credit among countries.A appraisal
B numeration
C availability
D circulation When an electric current flows through a wire，a magnetic field appears around the wire.A travels
B vibrates
C alternates
D fluctuates It was difficult to see ships in the distance because of the fog.A sweat
B haze
C dew
D frost Many tourists are attracted to the New England states by the autumn foliage.A weather
B leaves
C festivals
D harvest Though chess players may now compete against computers，they still follow rules that were used over 800 years ago.A come after
B abide by
C recite
D allow The harpsichord，developed during the Middle Ages，was one of the forerunners of the piano.A competitors
B imitators
C predecessors
D offspring Strict sanitary procedures help to forestall outbreaks of disease.A prevent
B control
C minimize
D preview Even the best-build machine will not run forever without proper maintenance.A eternally
B smoothly
C dependably
D accurately For financial reasons，scientists are often compelled to forsake their research.A extend
B resume
C abandon
D redirect Archaeologists have discovered fossils of million-year-old animals in excavations.A remnants
B graves
C records
D paws The oldest preserved manuscripts are those written on papyrus，which were found in Egyptian tombs.A protected
B hidden
C sought
D discovered Mary frosted the cake.A served
B iced
C split
D cooled In the first decades of the twentieth century，the individual gene could not be seen，but could be worked with fruitfully.A blindly
B completely
C productively
D carefully Grounded whales often struggle fruitlessly to reenter deep water.A violently
B desperately
C in vain D at length
第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。A well-designed kitchen should be modern，beautiful and practical at the same time.A Right
B Wrong
C.Not mentioned Being harmless to the environment is the top priority in kitchen design.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned Quality matters the most when you are choosing kitchen cabinets.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned More counter space，cooktops and sinks are needed in today's kitchens because food preparation is more complicated than it used to be.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned The design of the sink is indicative of a kitchen designer's intelligence.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned Means of saving labor，appliances should be replaced whenever new models come out.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned It is the amount of time you can spend in the kitchen that decides how many appliances of the same kind you should buy.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Paragraph 2 __________.Paragraph 3 __________.Paragraph 4 __________.Paragraph 5 __________.A Education
B Land and climate
C State system
D Natural resources
E Economy
F Population Singapore is a small state in the southeast of Asia __________.According to the constitution of Singapore，the president of the state is selected __________.Compared with people in other Asian countries，the Singaporeans __________.Though small，Singapore has an industry of its own and can __________.A live a better life
B made up of more than 50 small islands
C have more farmland
D not by the Parliament，but by the people
E produce various kinds of goods
F have a big population
第四部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? __________
A Prominent American Foods
B History of the Chicken Soup
C Chicken Soup Recipes
D Chicken Soup，a Universal Cure-All
Since ancient times，the value of chicken soup __________.A has been over-estimated
B has been widely acknowledged
C has been appreciated only by philosophers
D has been known only to mothers
Which of the following statements is NOT true? __________
A Chicken soup has a very long history.B Since ancient times，chicken soup has been a home remedy.C Poultry usually stands higher than four-legged animals.D Four-legged animals were said to be created on the sixth day.34 Chicken soup has curative powers mainly for __________ according to Sheraton.A its color
B its taste
C its flavor
D its recipe
It can be said from the survey that chicken is __________.A a main dish
B a popular food
C cheaper than any other food
D all of the above
What is the latest change of Wikipedia? __________
A Now not everybody can edit entries in Wikipedia.B Fewer restrictions will be posed on the edition of entries.C Some of the pages will not register changes without the approval of an experienced Wikipedia editor.D All entries for living people will not be edited from now on.37 Why has Wikipedia set the criteria for “experienced editor” status relatively low? __________
A Because experienced editors are rare.B Because a lot of people are interested in the editing of entries.C Because stricter criteria may discourage legitimate editing.D Because people receive no pay for their editing.38 Which statement about Robert Byrd is false? __________
A He is a member of American Democratic Party.B He is a member of the Senate.C He was wrongly declared dead by Wikipedia.D He used to edits entries in Wikipedia.39 Which of the following statements about Wikipedia is true? __________
A This is the first time that Wikipedia imposes restrictions on the editing of entries.B People can still edit all the entries on the English site freely.C The current discipline imposed on the editing of articles is too lax so that a lot of embarrassments have been creased.D Wikipedia is now firmly sticking to its original philosophy.40 Pierre Omidyar is __________.A a senator
B a spokesman of Wikipedia
C a university professor
D an enterpriser
According to the passage，the danger of nuclear power lies in __________.A nuclear mystery
B radiation detection
C nuclear radiation
D radiation level
Radiation can cause serious consequences even at the lowest level __________.A when it kills few cells
B if it damages few cells
C though the damaged cells can repair themselves
D unless the damaged cells can reproduce themselves
The underlined word “significant” in paragraph 3 most probably means __________.A fatal
B meaningful
C remarkable
D harmful
Radiation can hurt us in the way that it can __________.A kill large numbers of cells in main organs so as to cause death immediately
B damage cells which may grow into cancer years later
C affect the healthy growth of our offspring
D all of the above
Which of the following can be best inferred from the passage? __________
A The importance of protection from radiation cannot be over-emphasized.B The mystery about radiation remains unsolved.C Cancer is mainly caused by radiation.D Radiation can hurt those who are not aware of its danger.第五部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
A There's more pressure to get married nowadays.B The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone.C However，even more people are living alone because they have chosen to.D It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream.E In fact，a quarter of the 23 million single people in the U.S.are under the age of 35.F He says，“I like being by myself.”
第六部分：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
A handsome
B good-looking
C attractive
D ugly
A do
B must
C will
D could
A dangerous
B frightening
C amazing
D awful
A that
B which
C what
D who
A demonstrating
B showing
C illustrating
D displaying
A wanted
B hoped
C expected
D desired
A means
B describes
C explains
D expresses
A kicked
B worked
C acted
D played
A at
B over
C on
D above
A imagination
B hypotheses
C improvisation
D assumptions
A cowboy
B good boy
C college boy
D playboy
A group B team
C club
D association
A talented
B difficult
C skillful
D notorious
A question
B issue
C point
D problem
A life
B himself
C herself
D yourself
第一部分：
1D 2D 3A 4B 5B 6B 7C 8A 9A 10C 11A 12D 13B 14C 15 C
第二部分：
A
文章第一段说随着经济、社会和技术的发展，厨房不仅要美观，而且要实用，另外还得满足现代家庭的需要。
C
第二段说环境因素对厨房设计有重要影响，但并没有说对环境无害是厨房设计中第一位的因素。
A
第四段说在选择橱柜时请首先考虑风格，但是因为购买橱柜是一笔不小的投资，所以最好还是选择质量。
B
第五段说由于许多现代家庭是两个人或更多的人一起下厨，因此需要更大的操作台，更多的灶头和洗涤槽，而不是因为烹调的过程变复杂了。
A
第五段最后一句话说洗涤槽是厨房内使用最多的区域之一，也是一个重要的“装饰声明”。这里作者运用了比喻的手法，把在洗涤槽的设计中体现出来的设计者的聪明才智比作一个声明。
C
倒数第二段说家电技术的发展日新月异，选择什么样的电器和购买多少数量的电器应根据您下厨时间的多少和厨房的大小而决定，但没有提到因为家用电器可以节省体力就应该及时更换最新的型号。
B
文章最后一段建议同一种电器可以购买一台以上，这主要由您厨房的大小和收入的多少来决定，而不是下厨时间的多少。
第三部分：
B
该段的前两句讲到新加坡岛地势情况，接下来叙述的是该国的气候情况。
C
这一段是在叙述国家的体制，即State System。
A
该段的内容很明显，是在讲新加坡的教育情况。
E
该段的第一句话说的是：新加坡在众多亚洲国家中享有较高的生活水平，下面的每句话都围绕这一主题展开论述，“新加坡人民生活水平高”说明经济发达。
B
文中第一段讲到新加坡由一个大岛和五十个小岛组成，原文用的是consist of和madeup of同义，但用法不同。
D
第三段讲到现在新加坡的总统不是由议会选举的。而是由老百姓直接选举的。在选项中用的是select(挑选)这个词。
A
最后一段的第一句话说新加坡的生活水平在亚洲最高。
E
最后一段中讲到Singapore now produces a diversity of goods，即produces various kinds of goods之意。
第四部分：
D
文章最恰当的标题是：A著名的美国食品;B鸡汤的历史;C鸡汤食谱;D鸡汤—公认的良药
B
从古代起，鸡汤的价值：A被夸大了;B获得公认;C仅被哲学家欣赏;D只有母亲了解。
C
下列陈述中不正确的是：A鸡汤有很悠久的历史;B自古以来，鸡汤一直是家庭药方;C家禽通常比四脚动物更高级;D四脚动物据说是在第六天被创造。
A
Sheraton认为鸡汤具有疗效主要是因为：A它的颜色;B它的气味;C它的味道;D它的做法。
B
由调查来看，鸡是：A主食;B很受欢迎的食物;C比其他食物便宜;D以上全部。
C
从前三段可知，虽然现在每个人仍然都能编辑维基百科中的词条，但其中的一些页面在得到一个“经验丰富”的编辑批准前不会变化。
C
第七段说，维基百科新近出台的限制条件冒着降低网民合法编辑词条的积极性这一风险，为了规避这一风险，维基百科把所谓的“经验丰富的编辑”标准设定得很低。
D
Robert Byrd是美国民主党的参议员，最近维基百科中关于他的词条被人篡改，错误地宣布他已经死亡。
C
从文中可知维基百科现在的对编辑词条的限制条件过于宽松，以致造成了许多尴尬情况发生。
D
从最后一段可知，Pierre Omidyar是eBay的创始人，因此D为正确答案。
C根据本篇文章，核能的危险性在于：A核的隐蔽性;B辐射线的探测;C核辐射;D辐射强度。
B
即使最低强度的辐射也能造成严重后果的条件是：A当它杀死为数不多的细胞时;B如果它损伤为数不多的细胞的话;C虽然被损伤的细胞可以自行恢复;D如果被损伤的细胞不繁殖的话。
A
在第三段中，“significant’’最可能的含义是：A致命的;B有意义的;C值得注意的;D有害的。
D
核辐射伤害我们的方式是：A杀死主要器官中的大量细胞，导致人立刻死亡;B损伤细胞，致使细胞多年以后发生癌变;C影响我们后代的健康成长;D以上全部。
A
能从文章中推断出的最恰当的陈述是：A预防核辐射的重要性再强调也不过分;B辐射的秘密还没有揭开;C癌症主要是由辐射引起的;D辐射可能伤害那些意识不到辐射危害的人。
第五部分：
C
第一段的第一句讲的是：越来越多的人过着单身的生活。第二句是讲过单身生活的原因。C也是一种过单身生活的原因。因此填入C是连贯的。
E
第二段的第一句讲的是：一个典型的过单身生活的人既非年长，也非孤独。这是主题句。主题句后面应是具体的说明。E是具体的说明，因而是正确的答案。
B
B是合适的选择，因为上一句是这么说的：随着人们能找到更好的工作，经济上变得更加独立，他们就越有可能保持住单人的家庭。
F
上一句是Nina Hagiwara说的话，David C’Debaca表示同意。下面是他说的话，因而F是合适的选择。
D
最后一段的第一句是这么说的：儿童认为，长大意味着想干什么就干什么。D说的是：似乎今天许多大人正在实现这种童年时的梦想。
第六部分：
文章大意：西班牙足球俱乐部马塞罗那队为罗纳尔多付了3，500万美元。他在1999年第一次为国家队踢球，但在2002年的世界杯上他才显示出了自己真正的价值，在巴西和英国的四分之一比赛中，以一个令人难以置信的任意球拿下了英国队。
D
上文说到，“……他们不是在买一张漂亮的脸”，这就排除了“handsome”(漂亮的)、“good-looking”(好看的)和“attractive”(迷人的)。因此“ugly”(丑的)是合适的选择。
A
从上文可以看出，这是一个强调句。因此“do”是合适的选择。整个句子说的是：我确实有的是魅力。
C
第二段是讲Ronaldinho的魅力所在。不难看出，“amazing”(令人吃惊的)是最佳选择。“dangerous”(危险的)，“frightening”(可怕的)，“awful”(可怕的)均不合适。
C
“that”，“which”，“who”填入后生成的都是不合格的句子，“what”大致相当于“that which”。
B
“showing them off”是“表现自己”的意思，是固定的说法。
C
当Gremio跟还是七岁的Ronaldinho签订了一个合同时，当然是“期待”着重大的事情会发生。因而“expected”是合适的选择。
A
上文说的是：是Ronald0首先叫他Ronaldinho。接着是解释“Ronaldinho”是什么意思，因而“means”是合适的选择。
D
打球和足球都用“play”，如：“play basketball”(打篮球)，“play volleyball”(打排球)和“play football”(踢足球)。
B
第二段有这样一句话：The 23-year-old striker scored two goals in a 3-2 win over Deportivo La Coruna on March l.(在三月一日的以3比2胜Deportivo La Coruna的比赛中，23岁的中锋得了两个球。)在那个英文句子中，也出现了“over”这个介词。这是提示。
C
该段的最后一个句子是这么说的：是本能发出指令的。因此用“improvisation”(即兴)比较合适。“imagination”是“想像”，“hypotheses”是“假设”，“assumptions”也是“假设”的意思。
D
从该句最后一句中“enjoying the city’s nightlife”(享受该市的夜生活)可以看出，合适的选择是“playboy”(花花公子)。
C
“足球”跟“俱乐部”搭配，其实，这一信息从第一段的第一个句子也能找到。因此“club”是正确的选择。
B
从上文和下文都可以判断，Ronaldinho是最“麻烦”(difficult)的球员。
D
“problem”，“question”，“issue”说成中文都是“问题”。但是，“problem”说的是一种情况，这种情况很难办。“question”是指事情不清楚，需要问一问或需要考虑。“issue”常指争论的问题。可见，在这个语境中“problem”是最合适的。
A
“himseIf”，“herself”，“yourself”填入空格后生成的都不合格的句子。“enjoy life”是“享受生活”的意思。
第二篇：2012职称英语押题
To Have and have not 1.why did the writer want to to have a change of scene 2.what attracted the writer the light coming from inside 3.the writer found the stock of top quality 4.what was unusual about the she seemed to know him 5.the writer disliked the back he saw nothing he really like
Going Her Own Way 1.maria wanted to attend technical high school 2.in those days,most Italian girls did not go to high school 3.you can infer from this passage only boys usually attend 4.maria’s father probably had very traditional views 5.high school teachers in Italy in quite strict
A Tale of Scottish Rural Life 1.what is sunset song mainly
the lives of rural Scottish 2.which statement is not true she married only once
3.what is the opening section
the history of kinraddie 4.who are responsible for ewan
the germans
5.the word sunset occurring in
the end of traditional life
Pop Music in Africa
1.this passage is about how
more serious than most 2.for people outside of Africa
both familiar and different 3.the musicians mentioned in
write about serious problems 4.eric wainaina music in boston 5.witness mwaijaga writes about
she has had a difficult life
Why So Many Children 1.in a traditional agricultural
can be an advantage 2.when countries become
the birth rate generally 3.according to this passage
industrialized low birth 4.Saudi Arabia is mentioned
Factors other than the 5.In mexico,Thailand,and
Has tried to improve the
EAT to Live
1.which of the following not
we have to begin dieting 2.why does the author mention
to illustrate the effect of 3.what can be inferred about
they are more likely to suffer 4.which of the following most
the mice that started dieting 5.according to the last two
dieting is not a good method
New us Plan for Disease Prevention 1.which is not true of chronic
they often result in unhealthy 2.the author mentions all the
higher survival rate for cancer 3.the article indicates that more
much less money needed for 4.the $15 million program is
promoting disease prevention 5.early cancer screening can help
cancer death rate
The Operation of International Airlines 1.in operating airlines it is essential
cater to the need of passengers 2.the following are all mentioned
the tourist industry is experiencing
3.the improvements the airlines
showing more movies during 4.there is not much the airlines
speeding up customs procedure 5.which of the following is a bad
travel on the flight they booked
Sauna
1.ceremonial bathing various forms 2.what is understood by some
saunas with smoke
3.according to the third except
curing asthma
4.according to the fourth because
pores are cleaned by sweat 5.who are advised not to take
all of the above
Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist 1.the question raised in the first
that was never thought of before 2.the project funded by the national
was to find out why some buildings 3.the column mentioned by dr.was part of the building close to 4.A surprising discovery made by
Some floor framing systems are 5.What dr.reinhorn said in the last
Blast engineering emerges as a Americans Get Touchy 1.the word “practically”in the
nearly 2.which is not among the embrace 3.some parents tearchers excep diseases could be transmitted 4.which following is true in some countries,it’s usual 5.we can infer that
positive
Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for 1.debenhams could most a department store 2.british women are happy the climate of great britain 3.we can infer from the second most women no longer wore 4.which following statements true from the age of 23,skirt length 5.the word “zoom” in the first soar
Defending the Theory of Evolution 1.according to the first paragraph school boards oppose AIBS’s 2.which one of not the reason darwin’s theory is denied as 3.AIBS is composed
more than 80
4.According to weis in the 5th
Is fundamental to the 5.Why do people replace the
The term creationism is too
Narrow Escape
1.why was it “too late” by the
rocks loosened by melting 2.the first reason given to
that climbers above you 3.what is likely to be cailloux
rocks are falling
4.what is sarcastic in the words
being hit by a rock isn’t 5.in what sense was toby ”safe”
the overhanging rock would
Finding Enlightenment in Scotland 1.scotland is thought to have
the ideas proposed by some 2.which of the following
to find ways to improve 3.smith’s idea of “enlightened
the prosperity of all nations 4.which of the following true
it is still alive in a broad sense 5.the institute for system level
the tradition of Scottish higher
The Beginning of American Literature 1.what does “that hope” in
the hope to start a new life 2.when did American literature
long before the year 1,000 3.what can we learn from the
about the everyday life of 4.the main purpose of the last
early-day experience 5.which of the following true
some british writers had great
Older Volcanic Eruptions
1.why did older volcanic eruptions
they killed off life more 2.how did wignall calculate
by comparing the proportion 3.when did dinosaurs become
million years ago 4.what can be inferred from
the cause of their extinction 5.what is the main thesis of
older volcanic eruptions were
School Lunch
Properly
provide choose finding Standards portion examined Consume understanding increased Criticize nutritional affect habits
prevent
A Powerful Influence
Ever Curious harmful staring at
absorbed
Make word holding Steps negotiating seriously discuss
Necessarily
absolutely going
The Old Gate
Reasons diseases demolished
Stroke actual boundary storage Unfashionable maintain set up Preservation down replaced Chance job
Family History
Attracted
find
fairly
one
Going
decision quite
cause Avoided
connected
treat
for way
get
might
Helen and Martin
Would up weakened curiosity Become warning bothered Confidence ignoring through Gaining on took help quiet
第三篇：2013职称英语abc押题
第十一篇 When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren’t just delivering 汪 strict view of what’s going on in the world;they’re affected by what’s going on in our heads.A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who’ve just eaten.Psychologists have known for decades that what’s going on,inside our head affects our senses.For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter.Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis，France，wanted to investigate how this happens.Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain’s high-level thinking processes get involved.Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index.On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating.Then they were told there was a delay.Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first.So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen.One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each.They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive.A quarter of the words were food-related.After each word，each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they’d seen — a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat.Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words.Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception ,not in thinking processes, Radel says.“This is something great to me.Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for.From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs,” Radel says.第十九篇 Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience
Shimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech’s Center for Music Technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback.The smartphone-enabled, one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “musical friend”.“Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music，” said Professor Gil Weinberg, the robot’s creator.He will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco.A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements.Shimi is essentially a docking station with a “brain” powered by an Android phone.Once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user’s mobile device.In other words, if there’s an “app” for that, Shimi is ready.For instance, by using the phone’s camera and face-detecting software，Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its “ears”，or speakers, for optimal sound.Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo.If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phone’s musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion.Once the music starts，Shimi dances to the rhythm.“Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions, said Music Technology Ph.D.candidate Mason Bretan.“Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive.’’Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume.The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the user’s song choices and provide feedback on the music play list.Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimi’s creative and interactive capabilities.“I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes.” Weinberg said.Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement with Georgia Tech.Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season.“If robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines一 small, entertaining and fun，，Weinberg said.“They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.”
第四十八篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright
Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day.These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question.But an international team of researchers, including Dr.Richmond from GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high-quality resources.The team of researchers from the U.S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources，in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape — one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees — to walk on two legs.“These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, “，said Dr.Richmond.The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.Over time，intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea.The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University’s “ outdoor laboratory ” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.The chimpanzees’ behavior was monitored in three situations:(a)when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available，and(c)when coula nuts were the majority available resource.When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time.Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.In such high-competition settings，the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four.Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available 一 even their mouths.The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable Resources.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.2013年职称英语考试理工类教材新增内容：
第三篇 Giant Structures
It is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modem world since every year more __1__ constructions appear.Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our __2__ although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.The Petronas Twin Towers
The Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999.With a __3__ of 452 metres, the tall twin towers, like two thin pencils, dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur.At the 41st floor, the towers are linked by a bridge, symbolizing a gateway to the city.The American __4__ Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers.Constructed of high-strength concrete, the building provides around 1，800 square metres of office space __5__ every floor.And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base.Other __6__ of this impressive building include double-decker lifts, and glass and steel sunshades.The MiUau Bridge
The Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tam Valley，in southern France.__7__ the time it was built，it was the world’s highest bridge, __8__ over 340m at the highest point.The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the worl D.It was built to __9__ Millau's congestion problems.The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in Spain.The bridge was built to withstand the __10__ extreme seismic and climatic conditions.Besides, it is guaranteed for 120 years!
The Itaipu Dam
The Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the worl D.It consists of a series of dams across the River Parana, __11__ forms a natural border between Brazil and Paraguay.Started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two __12__.The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size.In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguay’s and 25% of Brazil’s __13__ needs.In its construction, the __14__ of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers.It is a __15__ amazing wonder of engineering.第八篇 Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures
The vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp __1__ in three species of India’s vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration, and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental __2__ The dramatic decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the same areas as the __3__.It is also causing serious public health problems __4__ the Indian sub-continent.While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians，vultures have __5__played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India clean.It is __6__they feed on dead cows.In India, cows are sacred animals and are __7__ left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.The disappearance of the vultures has __8__ an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals.There are fears that rabies may __9__ as a result.And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriers.Rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem in the __10__.The need for action is __11__, so an emergency project has been launched to __12__ a solution to this serious vulture problem.Scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds，deaths and, if possible, develop a cure.Large-scale vulture __13__ were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India.A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined __14__ over 90 per cent.All three species are now listed as “critically endangered”.As most vultures lay only single eggs and __15__ about five years to reach maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.第十三篇 Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but __1__ now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector.That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more __2__ but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.That’s a problem of __3_.Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower __4__.And it，s also a space problem：photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a __5__ in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada.”
Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon，but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, __6__ known as thin-film silicon.They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper.And, because they __7__ much less silicon, they have a greener footprint.Unfortunately，thin-film silicon solar cells are __8__ to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.“That means that their efficiency __9__ when you expose them to light — pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains，which is one of the __10__ thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new __11__ of PVT.You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work.In fact，Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures，near the boiling __12__ of water, they could make thicker cells that largely __13__ the Staebler-Wronski effect.When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy __14__ , they also found that by baking the cell once a day，they __15__ the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.
第四篇：2014年职称英语综合类C级考前押题
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.I have been trying to quit smoking.A.give up
B.pick up
C.build up
D.take up
2.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.A.moved
B.touched
C.surprised
D.worried
3.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.A.question
B.problem
C.title
D, topic
4.This is not typical of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language.A.particular
B.characteristic
C.remarkable
D.idiomatic
5.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job，A.simply
B.almost
C.totally
D.completely
6.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.A.stem
B.rely
C.develop
D.grow
7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others，A.easy
B, possible
C.likely
13.difficult
8.They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days.A.possibility
B.necessity
C.ability
D.probability
9.We have never seen such gorgeous hills.A.beautiful
B.stretching
C.spreading
D.rolling
10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps.A.loads
B.layers
C.pyramids
D.piles
11.The news will horrify everyone.A.attract
B.terrify
C.tempt
D.excite
12.The article sketched the major events of the decade.A.described
B.offered
C.outlined
D.presented
13.I won't tolerate that kind of behavior.A.bear
B.receive
C.admit
D.take
14.Their style of playing football is utterly different.A.barely
B.scarcely
C.hardly
D.totally
15.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A.advised
B.caused
C.forced
D.promised 第2部分：阅读判断(第1 6～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation.Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory;athletic games,played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found;and hunting and fishing.Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year.Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.Baseball is the most popular sport in the US.It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall.Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.Football is the most popular sport in the fall.The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago.It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80, 000 people.The game is not the same as European football or soccer.In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges.Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries.Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing.Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes.The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do “not assemble” primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race.Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.16.Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17.Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18.Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19.Football can be classified as a spectator sport.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20.Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21.Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22.Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.Searching for Smiles Ask most people anywhere in the world what they want out of life and the reply will probably be: “to be happy.” Ed Deiner, an American psychology professor, has spent his whole professional life studying what makes people happy, comparing levels of happiness between cultures and trying to find out exactly why we enjoy ourselves.Many people would say that this question does not need an answer.But Professor Deiner has one anyway.“If you're a cheerful, happy person, your marriage is more likely to last, and you're more likely to make money and be successful at your job.On average, happy people have stronger immune(免疫的)systems, and there is some evidence that they live longer.” So who are the world's happiest people? It depends on how the word is defined.There is individual happiness, the sense of joy we get when we do something we like.But there is also the feeling of satisfaction we get when we know that others respect us and approve of how we behave.According to Professor Deiner, the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.“In the West, the individualistic(个人主义的)culture means that your mood matters much more than it does in the East.People ask themselves, what can I do that's fun or interesting? They become unhappy when they can't do any of these things.If you ask people from Japan or China if they are happy, they tend to look at what has gone wrong in their lives.If not much has gone wrong, then they are satisfied.” People from Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries had the happiest culture, Professor Deiner found.“The biggest cultural difference is to do with pride and shame.Hispanic(西班牙语言的)cultures report much more pride and much less shame than others.” Income also made a big difference to people's happiness, but only at the lowest levels.Average income earners in the US were much happier than people in poverty.But millionaires were only a little bit happier than people on average incomes.It seems that money makes us happy when we have enough to feel secure.But can we be too happy? “You get people who are actually happy, but they think happiness is so important that they try to be even happier.This desire to be always happy is a product of individualism, where the emphasis is on you individually, your emotions and feeling good.People can end up feeling unhappy because ordinary happiness is not good enough for them.” Paragraph 2__________.Paragraph 3__________.Paragraph 4__________.Paragraph 5__________.A Happiest Culture
B An Unhappy Person
C Definition of Happiness
D Cultural Differences in Happiness
E Reasons to Be Happy
F Individual and Ordinary Happiness Professor Deiner has spent many years studying__________ in happiness.Professor Deiner believes that a happy person is less prone(易患)to__________.Once we have got enough to feel safe, money does not make __________ difference to our happiness.According to Professor Deiner, some people feel unhappy because they cannot appreciate__________.A a question
B ordinary happiness
C individualism
D cultural differences
E much
F illnesses 第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 The National Park Service
America's national parks are like old friends.You may not see them for years at a time, but just knowing they're out there makes you feel better.Hearing the names of these famous old friends-Yosemite, Yellowstone, Grand Canyonsome dating back 100 years, some only months old-with other agencies, state and local governments, corporations, American Indian tribes and Alaska Natives, Park Friends
groups, cooperating associations, private organizations, community groups and individuals who share the National Park ethic.National Park Week 1996 is a celebration of these partnerships.31.Why are America's national parks like old friends?
A.Because they are always out there.B.Because they are very old.C.Because they make people feel better.D.Because they are very famous.32.Which of the following statements is true about uniformed rangers?
A.They take tourists to national parks.B.They always act as tourist guides.C.They help set up new national parks.D.They protect the National Park System.33.The National Park Service does all of the following EXCEPT
A.offering help to visitors.B.molding the Nation.C.keeping people better informed of the National Park System.D.helping preserve the cultural heritage.34.What is this passage about?
A.It is about the American National Parks.B.It is about the National Park Service.C.It is about the National Park Service partnerships.D.It is about the care and preservation of the National Parks in America.35.What will the paragraph following this passage most probably discuss?
A.The pocket parks in America.B.The preparations made for the celebration of National Park Week 1996.C.The work that has been done by the partners.D.The preservation of national resources in America.第二篇 A Letter from Alan
I have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called Parson's Place by the football ground.Few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town.For me, Parson's Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can relax-the small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen and bird-watchers.It's very quiet because
there are few houses or roads nearby.I think that losing this area will be terrible because we have no other similar facilities in the neighbourhood.I am also against this plan because it will cause traffic problems.How will the people from the new houses travel to work? The motorway and the railway station are on the other side of town.Therefore, these people will have to drive through the town centre every time they go anywhere.The roads will always be full of traffic,there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come to see our lovely old buildings will leave.Shops and hotels will lose business.If the town really needs more homes, the empty ground beside the railway station is a more suitable place.No doubt the builders will make a lot of money by selling these houses.But,in my opinion,the average person will quickly be made poorer by this plan.As well as this,we will lose a very special place and our town will be much less pleasant.I am going to the local government offices on Monday morning to protest about this plan and I hope that your readers will join me there.We must make them stop this plan before it is too late.36.Why has Alan written this letter'?
A.To perersuade the government to build new houses.B.To protest about a new motorway near the town.C.To encourage more people in the town to use Parson's Place.D.To inform other people about the builders' plans.37.Why is Persian's Place particularly important,in Alan's opinion?
A.Because it is near the football ground.B.Because lots of people live near it.C.Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature.D.Because local people can get there easily by car from the town.38.What will cause traffic jams?
A.A building on Parson's Place.B.Building near the railway station.C.Tourists in the narrow streets.D.People going to the shops and hotels.39.Alan says that ordinary people who live in the town will probably soon
A.open new shops and hotels
B.choose to live near the station
C.be able to buy new homes
D.have less money
40.Which of these posters has Alan made?
A.Save Our Sports Ground
B.Say No to Houses on Parson's Place
C.We Need Homes Not Hotels
D.Use the Train Not the Road
第三篇 The Changing Middle Class
The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation, However, middle class is not a real designation,nor does it carry privileges.It is more of a perception, which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II.The economy was growing,more and more people owned their own homes,workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them, and nearly everyone whowanted a higher education could have one.Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility.They may have started out poor,but they could become rich.Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility.In other words,they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.The middle class collectively holds several values and principles.One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine one's own economic fate.In addition,middle class morality embraces principles of individual responsibility, importance of family, obligations to others,and believing in something outside oneself.But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success.A U.S.News & World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet.Both spouses now worked,as did some of the children;long commutes became routine;the need for child care put strains on the family;and public schools were not as good as they once were.Members of the middle class were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat.The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing.41.The information in this passage deals with
A.an individual
B.a social and economic group
C.a political organization
D.government
42.A common middle class value is that
A.people should always have fun
B.children should be seen and not heard
C.debt is nothing to worry about
D.the family is very important
43.In the years after World War II,the middle class could be defined as
A.overburdened and in debt
B.hard working and suspicious
C.prosperous and optimistic
D.young and foolish
44.The phrase “In other words” in the first paragraph means that the following statement is
A.an exception to the previous idea
B.a denial of the previous idea
C.a restatement of the previous idea
D.a contrasting idea
45.The word collectively means
A.as a group
B.hesitatingly
C.unknowingly
D.weakly 第5部分：补全短文(第46-50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
The First Four Minutes
When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr.Leonard Zunin.In his book, “Contact: The first four minutes,” he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: “ 46__________A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that.”
You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he as just met.47__________If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident.In general, he says, “People like people who like themselves.”
On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves.It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his won needs, fears, and hopes.Hearing such advice, one might say, “But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person.That's not my nature, It would be dishonest for me to at that way.”48__________We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality.“It is like getting used to a new car.It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one.”
But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr.Zunin, “total nones is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact.There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger.That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people.It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.49 __________For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart.Dr.Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care.If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school,along with reading, writing, and mathematics.50__________that is at least as important as how much we know.A.In reply, Dr.Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.B.Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.C.In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.D.Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.E.He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.F.He is eager to make friends with everyone.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共1 5分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
A Success Story
At 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have 51__________ Their fortune through the Internet.52__________makes Ben's story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was 53__________ by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write 54__________.”I wanted to prove them 55__________“, says Ben, creator and director of Way search, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls.When he was eight, his local authorities 56__________him with a PC to help with school work.Although he was 57__________to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and 58__________by his father, he soon began 59 __________people 10 an hour for his knowledge and skills.At the age of 15 he 60__________ up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to 61__________all his time to business.”By this time the company had grown and I needed to take on a 62__________of employees to help me“, says Ben.”That enabled me to start 63__________business with bigger companies." It was.his ability to consistently 64__________difficult challenges that led him to win the Young Entrepreneur of the Year awarding the same year that he formed Way search, and he has recently signed a deal 65__________ 25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine.51.A.taken
B.made
C.put
D.done
52.A.This
B.That
C.Something
D.What
53.A.said
B.told
C.suggested
D.reported
54.A.absolutely
B.totally
C.properly
D.thoroughly
55.A.wrong
B.false
C.untrue
D.unfair
56.A.provided
B.gave
C.offered
D.got
57.A.impossible
B.incapable
C.disabled
D.unable
58.A.promised
B.invited
C.encouraged
D.animated
59.A.owing
B.charging
C.lending
D.borrowing
60.A.put
B.ran
C.made
D.set
61.A.pay
B.spend
C.devote
D.invest
62.A.couple
B.few
C.little
D.deal
63.A.having
B.doing
C.making
D.bringing
64.A.overcome
B.overlook
C.overtake
D.overdo
65.A.valuable
B.estimated
C.priced
D.worth 词汇选项
参考答案：
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B
6.A 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.D
11.B 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.A
阅读判断
参考答案：
16.C 17.A 18.A 19.A 20.B
21.C 22.A
概括大意
参考答案：
23.E 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.D
28.F 29.E 30.B
阅读理解
参考答案：
31.D 32.C 33.B 34.A 35.C
36.D 37.C 38.A 39.D 40.B
41.B 42.D 43.C 44.C 45.A
补全短文
参考答案：
46.D 47.E 48.A 49.B 50.C
完形填空
参考答案：
51.B 52.D 53.B 54.C 55.A
56.A 57.D 58.C 59.B 60.D
61.C 62.A 63.B 64.A 65.D
第五篇：2014职称英语押题 理工C 完型填空[定稿]
完型填空：
第一篇Captain Cook Arrow Legend
It was a great legend while it lasted，but DNA testing has __1__ ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook__2__ died in the Sandwich Islands’in 1779.“There is __3__ Cook in the Australian Museum，”museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook’S bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its__4__，“Uncovered：Treasures of the Australian Museum,” which__5__include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain’s great explorers and is credited with__6__ the“Great South Land，”__7__ Australia, in 1 770.He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands，now HawaiiThe 1egend of Cook’s arrow began in 1 824 __8__ Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams，a London surgeon and relative of Cook’s wife，saying it was made of Cook’s bone after the fatal__9 __ with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued __10__ it came with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone but was more __11__ made of animal bone。said Philp.However, Cook’s fans __ 12 __ to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered.as they say there is evidence not a11 of Cook’s body was __13 __ at sea in 1 779.“On this occasion technology has won"，”said Cliff Thornton，president of the Captain Cook Society, in a __14__ from Britain.“But I am __15__ that one of these days…one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.’’ 练习：
1.A.finally
B.firstly
C.lately
D.usually 2.A.whose
B.who
C.which
D.what 3.A.some
B.none
C.neither
D.no
4.A.cinema
B.exhibition
C.shop
D.market 5.A.must
B.did
C.has to
D.does
6.A.discovering
B.visiting
C.traveling
D.using 7.A.then
B.now
C.past
D.previously 8.A.how
B.where
C.when
D.that 9.A.conversation
B.fight
C.meal
D.dance 10.A.however
B.until
C.after
D.whenever 11.A.helpfully
B.usefully
C.likely
D.readily 12.A.refuse
B.return
C.regain
D.reply 13.A.collected
B.washed
C.stored
D.buried
14.A.statement
B.suggestion
C.proposal
D.guess 15.A.safe
B.weak
C.sure
D.lucky 参考答案：
1.A.分析：借助搭配“..地已经结束了..”直接判断A(最终地)
2.B.分析：考察定语从句，从句需要主语，且该主语指代Captain James Cook，所以B合适。D。分析：考察否定副词。借助搭配特点—空格后直接出现了名词，所以D是答案(no否定名词)
4.B.分析：借助句子中的相关词语museum(博物馆)..display(陈列)直接猜测答案为B(展览会)
5.D.分析：借助上文时态—一般将来时，及与空格处的搭配结构—‘“考古发现：澳大利亚博物馆的宝藏”…包括..’直接判断D为答案该题考点：上下文时态和定语从句。
6.A。分析：借助句子中出现的词语：explorers(探险家)…Great South Land，判断A(发现)是答案。
7.B。分析：该题考察插入语结构(插入语结构往往是对前面的名词/代词进行描述，或补充说明，该结构往往以定语(定语从句)，状语(状语从句)，或同位语的语法结构形式出现)
8.C.分析：空格前出现典型时间词1824，空格后是句子，所以直接判断when 可能是答案。考察：定语从句结构。
9.B.分析：该题考察上下文内容的呼应：前面出现“被棍棒打死”，所以这里选择B(打仗)最合适。
10.B.分析：借助空格所在结构的特点和搭配结构含义(持续到..)直接判断答案B(直到)。
11.C.分析：分析：根据空格相关结构含义(不是由cook的骨头制成，而是更..是由动物的骨头制成)判断C是答案。
12.A.分析：直接借助搭配结构特点(v.+ to 引导的不定式结构)判断A是答案。
13.D.分析：借助上文句意和该句句意(不是所有的cook的尸体都在1779年被。海里)判断D(埋葬)是答案。
14.A.分析：借助被选项的关系：suggestion和 proposal是近义词，且用法接近，所以相互排除掉，比较A和D，判断A((来自伦敦的)声明)正确。
15．C本题要选sure，表示Cliff Thornton对sure后面的that从句表达的将要发生的事有信心。而safe，weak或lucky的词义与句子表达的意思不符。
译文：库克船长弓箭的传说
这本是个绝妙的传说，但DNA测试最终结束了这个长达两个世纪之久的古老故事。传说是关于一支据说是用1779年在桑伟奇群岛死去的英国探险家船长詹姆士库克的遗骨刻成的夏威夷弓箭。
在不久前DNA 证据宣布该弓箭并非来自于库克船长的遗骨时，奥大利亚博物馆收藏经理尤大书?菲利普说：“澳大利亚博物馆里并没有库克的遗骨。”但这并不能停止博物馆在展览会 2
上展出弓箭。“考古发现：澳大利亚博物馆的宝藏”展览中的确还展示了一个在1778年夏威夷国王卡兰尼欧普送给库克的一个羽毛斗篷。
库克是英国最伟大探险家之一，他在1770年发现了“南大陆”，也就是现在的澳大利亚。此后在桑伟奇群岛被棒击致死。
库克弓箭传说始于1824年，当时夏威夷国王卡莫哈莫哈在弥留之际将弓箭赐给了库克妻子的亲戚，一名伦敦外科医生威廉正当斯，并告诉他弓箭是在那次致命殴打后用库克的遗骨做成的。
在19世纪90年代，弓箭被交给澳大理亚博物馆。这个传说直到与科学直接接触才停止。据菲利普说，澳大利亚和新西兰的试验室的DNA测试证实弓箭并非取材于库克的遗骨，而更可能来自动物的骨头。
但是，库克迷们却不肯放弃希望。他们期待库克传说之一将会被证明是正确，并且他人部分遗骨还会被发现。正如他们所说，有证据表明库克的遗骨并不是在1779年全都葬身大海了。库克船长协会的会长克利夫托马森在一个来自英国的声明中说：“在这个问题上，科技取得了胜利。我坚信某一天库克传说之一将会被证明是真的。”
这听起来完全不对——在一块木头里面钻些洞让它更耐敲打。但是这确实有效，因为击打产生的能量分散到了整块木头上，而不是集中于一个薄弱点。这个发展应该导致更有效和更轻的包装材料的产生。
木匠们几个世纪以来都知道一些木头比另一些更结实。例如山胡桃木被用做斧柄和轮辐，因为它可以承受振击而不会断裂。列如白橡木容易损坏得多，尽管它的质地一样细密。巴斯大学的Julian Vincent和他的研究小组都认为木头的内部结构能够解释这些不同。
许多树都有导管，这些导管通向树干上方，把水输到叶子。在橡木里，这些管道很大，而且是呈窄带状，但是在山胡桃木中这些管道小得多，而且分布得更平均。研究者们认为这个布局能够分散打击的能量到整块木头止，以此吸收较重的打击。为了测试这个理论，他们在一块没有管道的云杉木上钻了一些0.65毫米的洞，发现它能够承受重大的打击。只有当每平方厘米超过30个孔时，木头抵御敲打的表现才会减弱。均匀的物质不太好抵御敲打，因为受到影响的只有一小部分物质，来自打击的所有能量在折断材料时都集中在一两个地方，留下的散片常常没有受到破坏。
Vincent说，这些洞可以提供很多薄弱点，当它们破裂时一起吸收能量，而不是使能量聚在一个地方。“你可以控制木头断裂的地方，它还可以吸收更多的能量，更安全。” 研究人员相信，这个原则可用于任何一种材料，例如可用于制造更轻、保护力更强的包装物。斯图加特的Max Plank金属研究学院的Ulrike Wegst说，这一原则还可用在汽车的减震器、保护杠和军事车辆的装甲板等东西上。但是她强调说你需要设计材料时考虑力的方向。她说：“负荷的方向是很关键的。”
第二篇Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside.Avalanches are____1____ the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope____2____ supports it.Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is____3____ cause an avalanche, ____4____ acomplex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than25degrees or steeper than60degrees typically have a low
____5____ of avalanche.Snow does not____6____ significantly on steep slopes;also, snow does not ____7____ easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow’s angle of rest1 is____8____ 35 and45 degrees;the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is38degrees.The rule of thumb2 is: A slope that is____9____ enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle.Additionally3, avalanche risk increases with ____10____;that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, die more lijkely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry4 is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous____11____， including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather____12____ and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also____13____ the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid ____14____ to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are____15____ or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.词汇：
avalanche n.雪崩 snowpack n.积雪场 terrain n.地形，地势
steep adj.险峻的，陆峭的 trigger v.引起，激发 incidence n.发生(率)ski v.滑雪
complexity n.复杂性 注释：
1.angle of rest：这里指积雪保持静止的角度。
2.rule of thumb：指“a broadly accurate principle, based on experience or practice rather than theory”，即“通用法则，经验法则' 3.Additionally：是一个副词，用来引人新的事实或论点，意为“此外”。4.backcountry：人烟稀少的地区 练习：
1.A among
B of
C to
D in 2.A when B that
C who
D whose 3.A mostly
B likely
C clearly
D surely 4.A are
B will be
C is
D was 5.A weight
B form
C risk
D work 6.A fall
B flow
C roll
D gather 7.A fall
B flow
C roll
D gather 8.A among
B between
C with
D for 9.A thick
B thin
C flat
D rocky 10.A use
B time
C snow
D rain 11.A journey
B trip
C fact
D process
12.A conditions
B reports
C forecast
D event 13.A increase
B reduce
C improve
D remove
14.A price
B effort
C attention
D money 15.A missing
B grown
C big
D fresh 答案与题解：
1.A 表“雪崩是山上可能发生的最大危险之一”的意思，因此应该选择among(在……之中)。
2.B 从该句的语法结构上来看，此处需要一个关系代词，代替slope，所以that是最佳选择。选项A、C、D均不符合语法。
3.B 选项A不合语法，C和D符合语法，但不符合常识：过度的雪的积压可能导致雪崩，而不是必定导致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。
4.C 该句的主语是Determining the critical load，从上下文来看应该使用一般现在时，所以C是正确答案。
5.C 要确定本题答案的一个有效的方法是排除法。a low weight/form work of avalanche都不合逻辑，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解释了low risk of avalanche的道理，更证实了选risk是正确的。
6.D 第6题和第7题可以一起考虑。整个句子的意思是：在较陡峭的坡面上，雪不会大量堆积。在较为平坦的坡面，雪不会轻易滑动。
7.B 见注释6。
8.B 理解了句子的意思就不难判断选项：雪在静止状态下，角度在35° ~45°之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。between：在……之间。
9.C 这个句子说明的是什么样的山坡最易发生雪崩，即A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat在此作“平坦”解，与后面的steep形成反义。
10.A 句中的that is表明，后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。所以，这里的选择要根据下文的意思判断。use是最佳选择,整个句子的意思是：山坡被滑雪者使用得越多，雪崩就越有可能发生。
11.D 尽管选项A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，从全段的内容判断，只有process是最佳选择，因为该段描写的是如何防备雪崩以及如何做好安全措施等一系列问题。
12.A 选项A、B、C都可以与weather搭配，但是根据上下文，只有A最为符合文章的内容。
13.B 选项A不符合句子的意思;C不能和risk搭配;D也不符合句子的意思，因为不可能完全消除雪崩的隐患。
14.C 该句主句使用的是被动语态，第二个动词是pay attention to的被动形式。选项A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。
15.A 该句是作者给出的一系列忠告之一，即认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。选项B、C、D均不符合句意。
译文：雪崩和安全问题
雪崩是雪掺杂着空气和水沿着山体突然迅猛地滑动造成的。雪崩是造成山区人们生命和财产安全的最大危险之一。
所有雪崩都是由于物质的过渡负荷造成，通常是积雪堆积过厚，很不稳固，超出了山坡面的承载能力。要确定山坡的临界承载量，可能造成突然雪崩的负荷量是一项很复杂的任务，需要衡量多个因素。
通常倾斜度小于25度，大于60度的山坡发生雪崩的危险要小一些。积雪不会在陡峭的山坡上大量堆积，同样也不会在平缓的山坡上快速滑动。当雪在静止状态下的角度在35_45度之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。人为引发雪崩的临界角度是38度，是最易人为引发雪崩的角度。常规经验是：一个平缓的足以堆积积雪，同时陡峭的适合人们滑雪的山坡，无论角度如何，都有可能产生雪崩。此外，雪崩的危险随着使用的增加而增加，换言之，滑雪者活动得越频繁，雪崩的可能性越大。由于雪崩研究的复杂性，冬天在人烟稀少的地区旅行从来不是百分之百的安全。很好地躲避雪崩，保持安全是一个连续的过程，包括选择路线、检查积雪、了解天气状况及其他人为因素。以下几个广为人知的好习惯也可以降低风险：如果当地权威部门发布了雪崩警报，你应当予以考虑，加以注意。绝不要不加审度，就立刻接受他人意见。积雪自形成的那时就几乎注定要发生变化。认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。不要在那些可能引发雪崩的人或事物下面行走。
第四篇Animal’s “Sixth Sense”
A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004.It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa.Wild animals,____1____, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami.This phenomenon adds weight to notions that1 they possess a “sixth sense” for____2____, experts said.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island’s coast clearly____3____ wild beasts, with no dead animals found.“No elephants are dead, not____4____ a dead rabbit.I think animals can____5____ disaster.They have a sixth sense.They know when things are happening,” H.D.Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka’s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack.The____6____ washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka’s biggest wildlife____7____ and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.“There has been a lot of____8____ evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes.But it has not been proven,” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior____9____ at Johannesburg Zoo.“There have been no____10____ studies because you can’t really test it in a lab or field setting2，” he told Reuters.Other authorities concurred with this____11____ ·
“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain____12____ especially birds...there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters/’ said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals____13____ rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators.The notion of an animal “sixth sense” — or____14____ other mythical power — is an enduring one3 which the evidence on Sri Larika’s ravaged coast is likely to add to.The Romans saw owls____15____ omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.词汇：
tsunami n.海啸
trigger v.引发，触发 ravaged adj.被毁坏的 leopard n.豹 eruption n.喷发 migrate v.迁移
volcanic adj.火山的
concur v.(with)同意，赞成 impending adj.迫近的 predator n.食肉动物 mythical adj.神话般的 owl n.猫头鹰
omen n.预兆，征兆 endow v.赋予 注释：
1.adds weight to notions that：更加相信
2.field setting：field意为“实地，野外”，setting意为“环境”。field setting可译为“野外环境”。3.enduring one：由来已久的信念。one指代在句首出现的notion。enduring意为“持久的，永久的”。练习：
1.A therefore
B however
C although
D whatever 2.A shelters
B foods
C disasters
D water 3.A missed
B protected
C raised
D caught 4.A such
B too
C so
D even 5.A feel
B see
C hear
D sense
6.A waves
B tides
C winds
D rivers 7.A birthplaces
B playground
C reserve
D storage 8.A experimental
B apparent
C scientific
D chemical 9.A specialist
B assistant
C supporter
D sponsor 10.A additional
B specific
C especial
D exceptional 11.A modification
B detection
C assessment
D value 12.A route
B behavior
C principle
D phenomenon 13.A unwillingly
B occasionally
C doubtfully
Dcertainly 14.A some
B much
C many
D few 15.A on
B as
C for
D in 答案与题解：
1.B 第一句说的是海啸造成了巨大的人员伤亡，第二句说的是动物能逃脱海啸的袭击。两
句意思相反，所以要用however承接上文。
2.C 上文说的是：海啸是一种自然灾害，所以“sixth sense”范围只能是disasters，不能是shelters，foods或water。
3.A 本句继续在对比海啸造成的人员伤亡和动物能逃脱海啸这一现象。答案应该是选项A(missed)。其他三个选项的词义与上下文都不相配。
4.D 从上下文判断，本句的意思应该是：没有大象死亡，甚至连一只野兔或兔子也没有死亡。“甚至”的英语是even。
5.D 全文说的是动物的第六感觉，而feel(触觉)，see，hear都属于前五个感觉，所以不是正确答案。
6.A 本说的是海的巨浪将洪水带到离海岸远达2英里的地方。正确答案应该是waves。
7.C 从上下文判断，本句的意思应该是：Yala国家公园是斯里兰卡野生动物最大的保护区，而birthplaces(出生地)、playground(操场)和storage(储存)都与上下文表达的意思接不上，因此不是答案。reserve的意思是“保护区”，不是“储备”或“保留”。因此，选项C是答案。
8.B 下一句说，这些迹象(evidence)并没有被证实。因此，这些迹象不可能是scientific的。而experimental和chemical的词义与上下文不配合，因此也不是答案。只有apparent(明显的)与上下文的意思相配。apparent的迹象还需得到科学的验证。
9.A 在动物园里工作并发表对动物行为的专业性见解的人一定是专家学者(specialist)。其他三个选项都不合适。
10.B 本段第一句是说明为什么evidence没有得到科学验证。原因是科学家无法在实验室或野外进行特定的实验，以验证动物预见灾难的第六感觉。理解了上下文的意思，就知道选specific是最合适的。其他三个选项的词义与上下文不符，additional，especial和exceptional分别是“额外的”、“特别的”和“例外的”意思。
11.C concurred with(同意)支配的宾语应该是view，opinion，judgment这一类词。前面句子说的是某位科学家指出无法验证动物预见灾难的第六感觉的困难所在，其他专家也同意这一看法，所以选assessment是正确的。
12.D 本句说的是动物特别是鸟有捕捉灾难来临前某些征兆的能力。route(路线)、behavior(行为)和principle(原则)与上述意思相去甚远，只有phenomenon是答案。
13.D 根据常识判断，动物是要依赖味觉、听觉等逃避食肉动物的攻击。unwillingly(不情愿地)occasionally(偶尔)和doubtfully(怀疑地)与上述意思有俘，只有certainly是合适的选项。
14.A 从本句的意思判断，应该是“某种神奇的能力”,所以要选some。
15.B 本句的意思是“将……看成”，而英语的用词是see...as，所以要选as。
译文：动物的“第六感”
2004年12月由印度洋海域地震引发的海啸造成亚洲和东非数万人死亡。但野生动物们似乎躲过了可怕的海啸的袭击。有专家表示，这进一步证实了动物对自然灾难有“第六感”的观点。斯里兰卡负责野生动物的官员表示，巨浪席卷印度洋海岛沿岸，淹死了两万四千多人，但野生动物似乎都幸免于难，目前尚未发现一具动物的尸体。
斯里兰卡野生动物部门的副部长H.D.拉特纳亚克在海啸袭击过后一个月说道：“没有一头大象死亡，甚至没有一只野兔死亡。我认为动物能够感知灾难。它们有‘第六感’，它们知道灾难何时发生。”海洪冲向离岸二英里远的亚拉国家公园，这里是斯里兰卡最大的野生动物保护区，生活着几百头野生大象和一些美洲豹，海啸引发的洪水使亚拉国家公园所在的东南部地区变得一片狼藉。
“每当火山爆发或地震发生前，动物们的行为就会发生许多异常，比如犬吠或鸟类迁徙，但这些现象尚未得到科学证明。”南非约翰内斯堡动物园的动物行为专家马修·范·利罗普说。他对路透社记者说：“目前还没有这方面的专门研究，因为你无法在实验室或实际环境中进行真正的试验。”其他专家也同意这一看法。
“野生动物似乎能够感知某些特殊现象，尤其是鸟类。很多报告显示鸟类能察觉即将来临的灾难。”克莱夫?沃克这样说，他曾经写过数本关于非洲野生动物的书。
一些动物确实是依靠嗅觉或听觉等人类已知的官能来躲避危险的，比如食肉动物。
关于动物“第六感”(或者其他神秘力量)的说法已有很长时间，斯里兰卡被摧残的海滩可能会为这一说法再添一笔证据。
罗马人把猫头鹰视为迫近凶险的征兆，很多古代文明都将大象看做拥有特殊能力或特征的“圣兽”。
第五篇Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind
If you cannot see, you may not be able to1 find your way out of a burning building — and that could be fatal.A company in Leeds could change all that2____1____ directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.Sound Alert, a company____2____ the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for____3____ people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria.____4____ produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the____5____ is coining from.Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be____6____ by humans.“It is a burst of white noise____7____ people say sounds like static on the radio，” she says.“Its life-saving potential is great.”
She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of3 a large____8____ room.It____9____ them nearly four minutes to find the door____10____ a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.Withington studies how the brain____11____ sounds at the university.She says that the____12____ of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band.Alarms____13____ the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up____14____ down stairs.They were____15____ with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.词汇：
directional adj.定向的 exit n.出口 install v.安装
residential adj.居住的 static n.静电噪声 potential n.潜力
thermal-imaging热效应成像 pinpoint v.精确地确定 concept n.概念，观念 emergency n.紧急情况 grant n.授予物，准许 注释：
1.在谓语动词中，不能并列使用两个情态动词，如may和can就不能并列使用。如果由于表达需要，要同时用“可能”和“能够”，就得说(写)成may be able to。如： I may be able to come tomorrow, but I cannot promise.我可能明天来，但我不可能作出承诺。2.that指第一句所表达的意思。
3....find their way out of...：意为“找到从出去的路”。练习：
1.A without
B with
C having
D selling 2.A run by
B changed by
C decorated by
D criticized by 3.A slow
B deaf
C blind
D lame 4.A Alarms
B Alarm
C The alarm
D The alarms 5.A noise
B sound
C music
D bell 6.A watched
B produced
C learnt
D heard 7.A where
B what
C that
D how 8.A smoked
B smoke-filled
C filled with smoke
D smoke-filling 9.A has taken
B takes
C took
D will take 10.A on
B near
C without
D from 11.A processes
B produces
C possesses
D proceeds 12.A feature
B quality
C diagram
D source
13.A basis on
B base on
C basing on
D based on 14.A or
B and
C but
D otherwise 15.A developed
B determined
C discovered
D delivered 答案与题解：
1.B 空格后是一种装置，用它来改变火灾时找不到出口的危险境况。表达“用……装置”这层意思就要用介词with。其他几项均不符合句子的意思。
2.A Sound Alert是一家公司的名字，a company是Sound Alert的同位语，根据句意判断，应选择run by，意为“由……经营的”。其他选项虽然语法正确，但都与句意不符。
3.C 从文章标题以及文章内容和本句后面部分resource center for the blind，可以推断这里最好的选择就是C。
4.D 因为这种警告装置已在上文中提到：第一段中的directional sound alarms，第二段中的installing the alarms in a residential home...，所以这里的alarms是特指，要用定冠词。选项C是错误的，因为它是单数形式。
5.B 句子的前半句有a wide range of frequencies,发出来的应该是sound，而不是令人烦躁的noise。用music或bell都有些突然，与上下文的意思不连贯。
6.D 文章一直在讨论警报器、声音和波长，所以首先排除选项A;从上下文的意思看，不可能是选项B和C，因为警报器的制造，就是为了让失明的人听到。
7.C 选择A、B、D均不能构成语义连贯的句子，而且语法上也有问题。选项C能使句子结构成为“It is...that”的强调句型。
8.B 从所给的选项可以看出，这里要表达的意思是“烟火弥漫的房间”。有了这个理解，现在要做的就是选择正确的表达形式。A是“烟熏的”，D是“使……烟火弥漫的”，所以意思不对，C填入后就出现filled with smoke room，不符合语法。只有B是正确选项。
9.C 这里显然是“It takes somebody+time+动词不定式”的句型，但选择什么时态是关键。从上句看，应选择一般过去时，因为整个段落是对一次实验的描写，而且上面一句也使用了一般过去时。
10.C 后半句的one指上半句中的a sound alarm。该句上半句和下半句由but连接，表示相反的意思，从后半句的with可以看出，两个相对比的事物是:the door without a sound alarm和the door with a sound alarm，所以选择C。
11.A 选项B、C和D显然是错误的，因为词义不符。只有选项A是答案。句子的意思是，Withington在她的大学里研究大脑如何处理声音。
12.D 句子中的more...than表示该句是对两样事物的对比。than后面是the source of a narrow band,这里的narrow和前半句的wide形成反比，从上下文中可以看出，the source of a narrow band of(frequencies)是和the source of a wide band of frequencies形成对比。
13.D 这个句子有主语alarms，有谓语have been installed，这里应填入动词的分词形式。be based on是常用的搭配，所以应选择动词的过去分词形式。选项A的basis是名词，明显是错的。
14.A 根据上半句中的rising or falling frequencies，这里应填入or，与上半句表达的意思相一致。音频升高表示上楼，音频降低表示下楼。
15.A首先确定主语They指的是第一句中的主语The alarms，后半句说这种设备得到大笔
资助。根据上文内容，我们知道资助的目的是开发这种alarms，所以应该选择developed。
译文：警报器救盲人
如果看不见，那你可能会因找不到路而逃不出一幢失火楼房，那将是致命的。英国利兹市的一家公司发明的一种可指方向的警报器可能会把你引向出口。声音警报是一家由利兹大学设立的公司。该公司现在正在为位于萨莫塞特的一家盲人收容所和位于卡姆布雷亚的一家盲人资源中心安装此种装置。这种警报器发出的频率范围广，使人脑可以判断出声音的来源。
该公司的戴博拉?威星顿称此种警报器使人类可以听到大部分音频。她说：“它们是一种突发的频谱连续而均匀的声音。人们感觉它们听上去就像是收音机发出的静电噪声，其在救人方面潜力巨大。”
她进行了一次试验。她让人们在一所充满浓烟的大屋子里设法找到出路，同时她用热效应成像摄像机进行拍摄。在没有警报器时，这些人用了近4分钟才找到门，而在警报器的指引下，只用了15秒。
她在大学里对人脑如何处理声音进行研究，并提出与波段窄的频率相比，人们更易发现波段宽的音响源。基于此理论的警报器已被应用于急救车上。这种警报器也容纳了音频的升降，以指示人们上下楼。这种设备是得到英国核燃料组织的大笔资助才开发成功的。
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