第一篇：2014年职称英语考前押题2
2014年职称英语卫生类A级考前押题(二)第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1、The conclusion can be deduced from the premises.A.argued
B.derived
C.permitted
D.come
2、I can no longer tolerate his actions.A.put up with
B.accept
C.take
D.suffer from
3、Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments.A.ask
B.persuade
C.assign
D.order
4、She has been the subject of massive media coverage.A.extensive
B.negative
C.responsive
D.explosive
5、I expect that she will be able to cater for your particular needs.A.supply
B.reach
C.provide
D.meet
6、The index is the government's chief gauge of future economic activity.A.measure
B.opinion
C.method
D.decision
7、It's sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first.A.workable
B.reasonable
C.possible
D.available
8、A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water.A.boiled
B.polluted
C.mixed
D.sweetened
9、You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position.A.maintain
B.better
C.acquire
D.support
10、She stood there, trembling with fear.A.jumping
B.crying
C.moving
D.shaking
11、The food is insufficient for three people.A.instant
B.infinite
C.inexpensive
D.inadequate
12、Thousands of people perished in the storm.A.died
B.suffered
C.floated
D.scattered
13、But in the end he approved of our proposal.A.undoubtedly
B.certainly
C.ultimately
D.necessarily
14、For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business.A.strange
B.complex
C.personal
D.funny
15、In Britain and many other countries, appraisal is now a tool of management.A.evaluation
B.production
C.efficiency
D.publicity 第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Cosmetic Surgery
Surgery that can improve the way a person looks is becoming more and more popular in the United States.This kind of surgery is called cosmetic surgery, and both men and women are turning to this treatment as a way of keeping their appearance young as well as keeping competitive(有竞争力的)in their jobs.Men especially are beginning to turn to face-lifts(面部拉皮手术), liposuction(taking fat out of the body), and implants(putting artificial, parts into their bodies)to help them look younger.As companies downsize(缩编)and move younger employees into higher positions, older employees in their late forties and early fifties feel the need to look and act younger in order to stay competitive.These operations are not without dangers, however.One young woman had an eye operation to get rid of the bags under her eyes.She described her experience as terrible.She said, “When he started cutting, I was fully awake.Even though he'd given me an injection near my eyes, I saw everything.” She went on to explain, “1 knew I had to keep still because of what he was doing.He was scraping(刮)away fat underneath my eyes.It took about ten minutes.After he finished, I felt I couldn't walk.I was so faint.” Her troubles did not end after the operation for two weeks.Her eyes were swollen(肿胀的)and almost completely closed, and even dark glasses could not hide the side effects of the operation.Liposuction, taking fat out of the body, is probably the most popular cosmetic operation in the United States.It seems simple enough.First, a small cut is made over the place where the patient wants the fat removed.Next, a small pipe is put into the cut.A machine like a vacuum cleaner is then used to suck the fat out of the body.However, as one doctor explained, some problems can happen after the operation.He warned;“Irregular lumps and loose skin can result from this operation.If it is not evenly done, liposuction can produce a very lumpy result.” Patients often must have more liposuction to correct the problem.Cosmetic surgery is more popular in the US than anywhere else.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned The way a man looks has little to do with the job opportunities he may have.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned There are hardly any risks involved in cosmetic operations
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned The young woman was by no means satisfied with the eye operation.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned The eye operation was such a failure that the woman refused to pay for it.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned Not everyone is a good candidate for liposuction.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned Sometimes liposuction patients may have to undergo more than one operation.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上
Compact Disks If someone says to you your music CDs don’t really hold any music on them, and they only have numbers recorded on them, you may not believe it.In fact, he is right in that sound is actually recorded onto the CDs as special numbers — a digital code.1 The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps on a long spiral track almost five kilometerslong.These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns wide.A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns.The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back.This lets the CD player2 turn the reflected light back into the original code.This means you can hear the original code as music.Digital codes are used with many technologies.E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers.Space probes communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes.Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems.Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes.Weather radios also tune in to specific signals using these codes.There are many types of compact disk.One format is called CD-RWs.They can be recorded on and re-recorded on(rewritten on)as you would do with a floppy disk3.Another format is the CD-ROM.The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs.These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear.The clear and dark spots are the digital code.CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc — Read Only
Memory.4 This disk is like a “super” floppy disk that can hold lots of information.One CD-ROM can hold the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks.Information is permanently recorded onto it.Computer games and other programs are considered to be CD-ROMs.CDs were first sold to the public in 1982.These CDs still play well and sound fine.Current CDs are expectedto last between 70 to 200 years.Of course, you can make sure your CDs last a long time by taking care of them.Science keeps on developing.It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented5 and introduced to the public for music recording.In the meantime, there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs6 and playing your favorite computer games on CD-ROMs.练习:
1.Paragraphs 1 & 2__________
2.Paragraph 3__________
3.Paragraph 4__________
4.Paragraph 5__________
A Digital Code Has Wide Applications
B Floppy Disks Are Outdated
C CDs Are Durable
D CD’s Working Principle Is Explained
E CD-RWs Play Better Than CD-ROWs
F CDs Are of Many Formats
5.One advantage of CD-RWs is that they can like floppy disks.6.The author predicts it will not before a new technology is invented for music recording.7.The laser beam-emitting device and the receiver are considered to of a CD player.8.Space probes could not without using digital codes.A shine on bumps
B take many more years
C be the key parts
D restore the original code
E be written on and rewritten on
F keep contact with their ground station efficiently 第四部分：阅读理解(每题3分，共45分)
短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight
You hear this：“No wonder you are fat.All you ever do is eat.”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing.Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.”
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting?Well，dieting can be effective，but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University，did a study of eight fat people.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average.But after leaving the hospital，they all regained.The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.Thin people，however，suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.In four to six months，they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range3.The range might be as much as 9kg.Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort.But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult.The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.词汇：
skip/skIp/v.跳过 obese/Eu5bi:s/adi.肥胖的metabolic/metE5bClIk/adj.新陈代谢的 psychiatric/7saIkI5Atrik/adj.精神病的 abnormal/Ab5nC:ml/adj.异常的 注释：
1.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.他们被给予一种流食配方，每天提供600热卡。
2.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet.他们梦中吃食品，或是不是只吃规定的食品。
3.The findings alsoprovide evidence forsomething scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range.结论还证实了科学家认为是正确的一点，即每个人的体重有一个适当的幅度。
练习：
1.What determines your weight?
A)Your working manner.B)Your eating habit.C)Your life style.D)Your genes.2.What did Jules Hirsch do in his study?
A)He let the eight fat people skip supper.B)He let the eight fat people skip breakfast.C)He let the eight fat people run every morning and evening.D)He gave the eight fat people a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.3.What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?
A)They went mad.B)They killed themselves.C)They were back to normal weight.D)They attempted suicide.4.What did Ethan Sims make his subjects do?
A)Battle their genetic inheritance.B)Increase their weight.C)Stay at home.D)Lower their weight.5.What did scientists think was true?
A)Each person has a fixed weight range.B)Each person has a weight range of 9 kg.C)Each person wants to control his weight.D)Each person wants to eat to his heart’s content.Evidence of Ancient Hunters
Russian and Norwegian scientists have reported finding stone objects and animal bones in the far north of European Russia.The scientists say the objects provide the first evidence that ancient hunters lived in the area more than 30 thousand years ago.They say this is at least 15 thousand years earlier than experts had thought.The Russian and Norwegian team worked at a camp along the Usa River and the Arctic Circle.The scientists say they found several ancient stone tools.They also found 123 bones from animals such as horses, reindeer(驯鹿)and wolves.The scientists say their most important discovery was a tusk from an ancient elephant called a mammoth(猛犸).The huge, curved tooth was more than l meter long.The tusk is covered with small cuts.The scientists believe humans made the marks with sharp-edged stone tools.The scientists used a process known as radiocarbon(放射性碳)dating to measure the age of the tusk.Radiocarbon dating shows the level of a radioactive form of carbon in a substance.The tests showed the tusk is about 36 thousand years old.The scientists say they are not sure what kind of humans left the stone objects and bones along the river.They said the people were either early humans called Neanderthals(穴居人,尼安德特人)or modern humans.Modern humans spread through Europe and Asia 30 thousand years ago.The scientists say the ancient people needed a high level of social development to survive in the extremely cold environment.The objects were discovered about 300 kilometers northeast of another area where scientists say humans once lived.That area has objects more closely linked to modern humans.Those objects are believed to be about 28 thousand years old.Nature magazine also published a report by John Gowlett of the University of Liverpool in England.He said the discovery shows the ability of early humans to do the unexpected.He also said the discovery should renew debate about the effects of the climate on the movements of early human population.1.Before people found stone objects and animal bones in the north of European Russia, some experts thought human beings lived in that area about
A.30 thousand years ago
B.20 thousand years ago
C.28 thousand years ago
D.15 thousand years ago
2.The following statements are true concerning the significance of the finding EXCEPT that
A.it brings forwards the time in which ancient hunters lived in that area
B.it provides the evidence of a high level of ancient human society
C.it showed the unexpected ability of the early humans
D.it indicates the effect of climate on the movement of early human population
3.Which is the most important discovery among the findings
A.A long elephant tusk.B.Ancient stone tools.C.123 bones from animals.D.mammoth tusk covered with small cuts
4.How old is the tusk? About years old
A.25 thousand
B.28 thousand
C.36 thousand
D.40 thousand
5.What did the ancient people need to survive in the extremely cold environment
A.the ability to do the unexpected
B.a high level of social development
C.thick clothes
D.small animals to feed on
Happiness
A proverb allegedly(据说)from ancient China was widely spread in the West：“If you want to be happy for a few hours，go to get drunk;if you want the happiness to last three years，get married：if you want a lifetime happiness，take up gardening.”The reason for the last option is this：Gardening is not only useful;it helps you to identify yourself with nature，and thus brings you new joy each day besides improving your health.A research of a US university that I've read gives a definition of happiness as what makes a person feel comfortably pleased.To put it specifically, happiness is an active state of mind where one thinks one's life is meaningful, satisfactory and comfortable.This should be something lasting rather than transitory.Lots of people regard it the happiest to be at leisure.But according to the study, it is not a person with plenty of leisure but one at work that feels happy, especially those busy with work having little time for leisure.Happiness does not spell gains one is after but a desire to harvest what one is seeking for.People often do not cherish what they already have but yearn for what they cannot get.That is somewhat like a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers while reluctant to settle down with the woman beside him.Happiness is a game balancing between two ends--what one has and what one wishes for, i.e.one's dream and the possibility to realize it.The study comes to this conclusion: A happy man is one who aims high but never forgets his actual situation;one who meets challenges that tap his ability and potentiality;one who is proud of his achievements and the recognition given to him.He has self-respect and self-confidence;treasures his own identity and loves freedom.He is sociable and enjoys wide-range communication with others;he is helpful and ready to accept assistance.He knows he is able to endure sufferings and frustrations;he is sensible enough to get fun from daily chores.He is a man capable of love and passion.1.Gardening can bring lifelong happiness because
A.it is a profitable business.B.it can improve a gardener's ability to remake nature.C.a gardener can enjoy a very happy relationship in marriage.D.nature is an unexhausted source of joy
2.The research of the US university found that most people feel happy when they
A.are at leisure.B.take the job of gardening.C.are after their goals.D.own great properties.3.Why does the writer mention “a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers”(Lines 5--6, Para.3)?
A.To demonstrate the problem in marriage in modern society.B.To illustrate a radical way to achieve happiness.C.To criticize those who do not value what they already have.D.To indicate that happiness covers something besides the desire to gain
4.What kind of person is more likely to be unhappy according to the study?
A.The one who has self-respect and confidence.B.The one who is ambitious without consideration of his actual situation.C.The one who can take pleasure in communicating with others.D.The one who are ready to render help and accept help from others.5.What is happiness?
A.A transitory state of mind.B.Getting everything what one desires.C.An all-working and no-leisure life.D.A desire based on our actual situation.第五部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Mind Those Manners on the Subway
So, there you are, just sitting there in the subway car, enjoying that book you just bought ____________(1)Or, the person sitting next to you takes out a nail clipper(指甲刀)and begins cutting his or her nails.Annoying? Many of us have to spend some time every day on public transportation.____________(2)So, to make the trip more pleasant, we suggest the following:
Let passengers get off the bus or subway car before you can get on.____________(3)
Stand away from the doors when they are closing.Don’t talk loudly on a bus or subway.Chatting loudly with your friends can be annoying to others.____________(4)
Don’t think your bags and suitcases(手提箱)deserve a seat of their own.Use a tissue whenever you cough or sneeze(打喷嚏).An uncovered sneeze can spread germs(细菌), especially in crowded places.Don’t cut your nails or pick your nose on public transportation.Don’t read over other people’s shoulder.____________(5)It can make people uncomfortable.They might think you’re too stingy(小气的)even to buy a newspaper.Or they might think you’re judging their behavior.A.Don’t eat food in your car.B.Don’t shout into your mobile phone on a bus or subway.C.We all know that some behaviors are simply unacceptable.D.Many people do this on subways, but it’s really annoying.E.Getting off and on in an orderly manner can save time for all.F.Suddenly, you feel someone leaning over your shoulder reading along with you.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
margaret sanger and birth control
margaret sanger, an american nurse, was the first to start the modern birth control movement in the united states.in 1912 she(1)publishing information about women's reproductive(生殖的)concerns through articles and books.in 1914 sanger was charged(2)violation of, the comstock law, which federal legislation had passed in 1873 forbidding the mailing of sexy material(3)information about birth control and contraceptive(避孕的)devices.though she was put in jail for these activities, sanger(4)to publish and spread information about birth control.she and her sister ethel byrne opened the first of several birth control clinics in america on october 16, 1916, in brooklyn, new york.the comstock law was rewritten by congress in 1936 to(5)birth control information and devices.many states had laws forbidding distribution or use of contraceptive devices but the constitutionality(合宪性)of these laws was increasingly(6).in 1965, the supreme court of the united states ruled that married people have the right to practice birth control without government intervention.in 1972, the court(7)that unmarried people have the same right.today there are more birth control options(8), but overpopulation and unwanted pregnancies remain worldwide(9).having more children than one can support may lead(10)poverty, illness, and high death rates for babies, children, and women.the problem of teenage pregnancy is(11)worse in the united states(12)in almost any other developed country.studies show that birth rates for women under 20 are higher in the united states than in 29 other(13)countries.a detailed study suggested that the problem of teenage pregnancy in the united states may be(14)to less sex education in schools and lower availability(可获性)of contraceptive services and supplies to young people.this study(15)the view of people in the united states who argue that sex education or making contraceptive supplies available to school-age children promotes sexual activity.a offered b refused c began d took a with b of c for d to a denying b including c linking d understanding a stopped b started c kept d continued a include b spread c forbid d exclude a questioned b accepted c confirmed d favored a permitted b knew c held d suspected a than never before b than before ever
c than ever before d than before never a problems b beliefs c gossips d doubts a on b at c to d by a more b adequately c enough d considerably a as b than c for d over a developed b developing c poor d acceptable a concerned b popular c loyal d related a regards b suggests c counters d supports 参考答案
词汇选项
1-15 BACAD ABBAD DACBA
补全短文
1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.A
概括大意
答案与题解：
1.D第一、二段介绍了 CD的工作原理。声音以数码的形式刻录到CD磁片上。要想听声音，就得用CD放机，CD机用激光照射CD，接收机接收和分析从 CD反射回来的激光波，还原为原来的数码，再转换为原来的声音。所以，D是答案。
2.A 第三段第一句“ Digital codes are used with many technologies.”是主题句。本段其他句子提供例证，即应用领域。作者列举了 5个领域：电邮、航天通讯、条码、手机和天气预报。选项 A的“Digital code has wide applications”与主题句的意思完全吻合，所以是答案。
3.F 第四段第一句：“ There are many types of compact disks.”是主题句。本段其他句子列举了两种常用的CD格式(format)：一种是CD-RW，另一种是 CD-ROM。选项F的“CDs are of many formats”概括了本段的大意，是答案。
4.C 第五段说的是CD碟片经久耐用，1982年上市的CD碟片至今还能使用，其音质依旧。现在上市的CD，更加耐用，如果使用得当，其寿命可达70～200年。选项 C用了durable予以概括是很恰当的，所以，C是答案。
5.E 第四段中出现CD-RW这个词，介绍了“ They can be recorded on and re-recorded on(rewritten on)。这就是选E的依据。
6.B 第六段能找到与答案有关的句子，但 It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented and introduced to the public for music recording.7.C 第二段说到在CD机上还原数码时依靠的是激光发射装置和按收器。由此我们可以推论出激光发射器和接收器是CD机的主要部件。所以C是答案。
8.F 第三段第三句“ Space probes communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes.”是选F的依据。
阅读理解
第一篇
1.D 问题问的是：什么决定了你的体重?A说的是：你的工作方式。B说的是：你的吃饭习惯。C说的是：你的生活风格。D说的是：你的基因。正确答案是D。第一段中有这么一句话：Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.你的基因而不是你的生活习惯决定了你的体重，因此你的身体总是试图保持它。
2.D 问题问的是：Jules Hirsch在他的研究中做了什么?A说的是：他让八个胖子不吃晚饭。B说的是：他让八个胖子不吃早饭。C说的是：他让八个胖子早晚都跑步。D说的是：他给八个胖子一种每天提供600热卡的流食配方。D是正确的。第三段有这么一句话：They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.他们被给予一种流食配方，每天提供600热卡。
3.C 问题问的是：八个胖子出院后怎么啦? A说的是：他们发疯了。B说的是：他们自杀了。C说的是：他们又回到了原来的体重。D说的是：他们试图自杀。C是正确的。第四段的最后一句话是这样的：But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.研究结束几个月后，他们的体重又回到了原来的样子并保持不变。
4.B 问题问的是：Ethan Sims让他的调查对象干什么? A说的是：跟他们的基因遗传物做斗争。B说的是：增加他们的重量。C说的是：呆在家里。D说的是：减少体重。第四段有一个句子是这么说的：Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.Vermont大学的Ethan Sims让犯人自愿增加体重。可见B是正确的答案。
5.A 问题问的是：科学家认为什么是对的? A说的是：每个人的体重都有一个适当的幅度。B说的是：每个人的体重幅度是9公斤。C说的是：每个人都想控制自己的体重。D说的是：每个人都想吃得高兴。正确答案是A。最后一段的第一句话是这么说的：The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has acomfortable weight range.结论还证实了科学家认为是正确的一点，即每个人的体重有一个适当的幅度。
第二篇
1.正确答案:D
解析:问题问的是：在European Russia北部地区发现石头物品和动物骨头前，一些专家认为人类大概多少年前在此地区生活?根据第一段二三句话，这个发现证明古时的猎人在此地区生活大概是在3万多年前，这比专家认为的至少早1.5万年
2.正确答案:B
解析:问题问的是：以下哪个不是这个发现的重要意义?根据第一段及31题答案可知选项A是这个发现的重要意义，根据最后一段可知选项C和D也是这个发现的重要意义
3.正确答案:D
解析:问题问的是：以下哪个是这些发现中最重要的一个?根据第三段第一句their most important discovery was a tusk from an ancient elephant called a mammoth(猛犸)，及第三句The tusk is covered with small cuts.可知选项D正确，即带有小的划痕的猛犸象牙
4.正确答案:C
解析:问题问的是：这个象牙有多少年的历史?根据第四段最后一句可知这个象牙有3万6千年历史
5.正确答案:B
解析:问题问的是：古代人需要什么才能在这样寒冷的环境下生存下来?根据第五段最后一句话，可知需要高等程度的社会发展，所以B是正确的选项
第三篇
1-5DCDBD
补全短文
【正确答案】FCEBD
【答案解析】1.本文的题目是“注意乘地铁时的举止”;再从第一二段来看，作者是在文章开头指出两种不文明的行为，接着提出一系列建议要人们乘地铁时保持文明的举止。由此可以判断，F是最佳选项。
2.上一句提到，尽管一些人的举止恼人，但是我们大多数人每天还是要乘地铁;下一句作者提出文明举止的一些建议以保证人们乘地铁时旅途愉快;选项C为过渡句。
3.这是作者提出的关于文明举止的第一条建议。根据第一句，只有选E前后句在意思上才能说得通：让公共汽车或地铁上的乘客先下再上。有秩序地上下车能为所有人节省时间。
4.这是作者提出的第三条建议。根据前两句的意思，第三句应选B前后才能说得通：不要在公共汽车或地铁上高声喧哗，这可能引起其他人的厌烦，也不要在公共汽车上大声地打手机。
5.在最后这条建议中，作者首先提出不要从别人身后看。再看空白后面的一句，可以决定选D。后两句中的it和this都是指前一句中的read over other people’s shoulder.完形填空
参考答案：51.c 52.a 53.b 54.d 55.d56.a 57.c 58.c 59.a 60.c61.d 62.b 63.a 64.d 65.c
第二篇：2014职称英语卫生类考前押题
2014职称英语卫生类考前押题（A级）[1] 2014年3月27日 来源：51Test.NET 考试必看 加入收藏
【51Test.NETa real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land．The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue．Now, the “Don't Be Crude” program runs oil collection sites-tanks that hold up to 460 gallons-where people in the community can dispose of their oil.4.Five years ago.11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water.His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didn't have clean water, and that as little as $ 70 could build a well.“We really take water for granted,” says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada． “In other countries, you have to plan for it.” Ryan earned the first $ 70 by doing extra chores(零工), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars.His efforts led to the start of the Ryan's Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.Paragraph 1________.A．Provide Clean Water B．Dig 0il Wells C．Save Clean Water D．Don 't Litter E．Don't Be Crude F．Protect Wildlife
24、Paragraph 2________.A．Provide Clean Water B．Dig 0il Wells C．Save Clean Water D．Don't Litter E．Don't Be Crude F．Protect Wildlife
25、Paragraph 3________.A．Provide Clean Water B．Dig 0il Wells C．Save Clean Water D．Don't Litter E．Don't Be Crude F．Protect Wildlife
26、Paragraph 4________.A．Provide Clean Water B．Dig 0il Wells C．Save Clean Water D．Don't Litter E．Don't Be Crude F．Protect Wildlife
27、oying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to________.A．make new materials B．preserve wetland and animals C．have clean air D．have clean water E．collect cigarette butte F．collect despoiled oil
28、People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to________.A．make new materials B．preserve wetland and animals C．have clean air D．have clean water E．collect cigarette butte F．collect despoiled oil
29、Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to________.A．make new materials B．preserve wetland and animals C．have clean air D．have clean water E．collect cigarette butte F．collect despoiled oil 30、Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to________.A．make new materials B．preserve wetland and animals C．have clean air D．have clean water E．collect cigarette butte F．collect despoiled oil 第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
31、根据下列材料，回答31-45题 Eat More, Weigh Less, Live Longer
Clever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, US, and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan(寿命,)of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent's(啮齿动物)increase of fat in specific cells.This suggests that thinness--and hot necessarily diet--promotes long life in “ calorie(热量卡)restricted” animals.“It's very cool work.” says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco.“These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer.It's like heaven.” Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents.Whether this works in humans is still unknown, partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life．One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells.But Kahn's team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin(胰岛素)receptor(受体)gene in lab mice--but only in their fat cells.“Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat, these animals were protected against becoming fat,” explains Kahn.This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects.By three months of age, Kahn，those modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice，despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight．In addition．Their lifespan increased．The average control mouse rived 753 days，while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days．After three years，all the control mice had died，but one—quarter of the modified rodents were still alive．
“That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial，”says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，who studies calorie restriction and aging．But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie．restricted animals．“It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life，”he points out，“and that would be very interesting．”
Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live longer by_________． A．offering them less food B．giving them a balanced diet C．disrupting the specific genes in their fat cells D．preventing them growing larger
32、According to the passage．we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in fewer calories partly because_________． A．humans，worms and rodents are different B．most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet C．the effect is not known D．genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans
33、What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply? A．People like to lose weight，but they do not like to eat less． B．People want to go to heaven．but they do not want to die． C．Mice will go to heaven if they lose weight． D．Mice enjoy losing weight．
34、The average modified mouse lived_________． A．3 years B．753 days C．More than 3 years D．887 days
35、What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life? A．It remains to be studied． B．It has already been discovered． C．Eating more leads to long life． D．Eating less leads to long life．
36、根据下列材料，回答36-50题 Valuing Childhood
The value of childhood is easily blurred(变得模糊不清)in today’S world．Consider some recent developments．The child，murderers in the Jonesboro schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced．Two boys，7 and 8，were charged in the murder of an 11一year-old girl in Chicago． Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will．Yet，as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed，the one boy who was able to address the court couldn’t begin to explain his acts．though he tried to apologize．There may have been a motive—youthful jealousy(妒忌)and resentment．But a deeper question remains：Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner，moral restraint? That question echoes for the accused in Chicago，young as they are．They wanted the girl’s bicycle，a selfish impulse common enough among kids．
Redemption(拯救)is a practical necessity．How can value be restored to young fives distorted by acts of violence? The boys in onesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time．Despite horror at what was done，children are not—cannot be—dealt with as adults，not if a people wants to consider itself civilized．That’s why politicians’cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point．
But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources．Family instability contributes，so does economic stress．That void，however，can be filled．The work starts with parents，who have to ask themselves whether they’re doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong．Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought? Schools，t00，have a role in building character．So do youth organizations．So do youth enforcement agencies，which can do more to inform the young about laws，their meaning，and their observance(遵守)．
The goal，ultimately，is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood(成年)，so that tragic gaps in moral judgement are less likely to occur．The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don’t go that far，but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provide--and which progressive human society relies on． The two boys in Chicago were__________． A．shot B．murdered C．accused D．sentenced
37、The boys in Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense of__________． A．right and wrong B．discipline C．shame D．safety
38、According to politicians，when children commit crimes，they should be treated in the same way as__________． A．murderers B．criminals C．victims D．adults
39、Which of the following does the writer cite as a source of moral void? A．Official corruption． B．Social injustice． C．Family stability． D．Racial discrimination． 40、Which of the statements is NOT true according to this passage? A．Parents should strengthen moral instruction． B．Schools should help create a moral sense in children． CLaw enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws.D．Youth organizations play no role in building character．
41、根据下列材料，回答41-55题 The Body Thieves
In the early nineteenth century in Britain，many improvements were being made in the world of medicine．Doctors and Surgeons were becoming more knowledgeable about the human body．Illnesses that had been fatal a few years before were now curable．However，Surgeons had one problem．They needed dead bodies to cut up，or dissect(解剖)．This was the only way that they could learn about the flesh and bones inside the body，and the only way to teach new surgeons to carry out operations． The job of finding these dead bodies was carded out by an unpleasant group of people called“body snatchers”．They went into graveyards(墓地)at night and，using wooden shovels to make less noise。dug up any recently buried bodies．Then they took the bodies to the medical schools and sold them．A body could be sold for between￡5 and l0，which was a lot of money at that time．The doctors who paid the body snatchers had all agreement with them—they never asked any questions．They did not desire to know where the bodies came from，as long as they kept arriving．
The most famous of these body snatchers were two men from Edinburgh called William Burke and William Hare． Burke and Hare were different because they did not just dig Up bodies from graveyards．They got greedy and thought of all easier way to find bodies.Instead of digging them up．they killed the poorer guests in Hare’s small hotel.Dr.Knox，the respected surgeon they worked for．never asked why all the bodies they brought him had been strangled(勒死)．
For many years Burke and Hare were not caught because，unsurprisingly，the bodies of their victims were never found by the police．They were eventually arrested and put on trial in 1829．The judge showed mercy to Hare and he was released but Burke Was found guilty and his punishment was to be hanged．Appropria tely，his body Was given to the medical school and he ended up on the dissecting table，just like his victims．In one small way，Justice was done.Now, over 150 years later，surgeons do not need the help of criminals to learn their skills．However．the science of surgery could not have developed without their rather gruesome(令人毛骨悚然的)help．
The problem facing British surgeons in the early 19th century was that______· A．some illnesses remained incurable B．few people were willing to work as surgeons C．medical expenses were too high D．dead bodies were not easily available
42、The body snatchers used wooden shovels because ______ A．they did not wish to spoil the dead bodies B．they wanted to keep the bodies to themselves C．they were afraid of being caught D．they were careful not to disturb anyone
43、Burk and Hare differed from other body snatchers in that______ A．they got other people to dig up bodies for them B．they sold the bodies only to one surgeon C．they dug up bodies not just from graveyards D．they resorted to murder to get bodies
44、The bodies of Burke's and Hare's victims couldn't be found by the police because______ A．they had been stolen B．they had been strangled C．they had been dissected D．they had been buried
45、The body thieves contributed in their gruesome way to______ A．medical advancement B．legal progress C．social stability D．material wealth 第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
46、根据下列材料回答46-50题
The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke
Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health.Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases.In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancer However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes.He lives with his wife, Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage.(46).No one knows for sure why Mr.Gilson has lung cancer.Neverth eless, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people's cigarettes.(47)The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals.In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health.(48)They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic(有毒的)chemicals in their bodies.As a matter of fact, almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not.For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places.Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted．It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke．(49)Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers.The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke． People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke．(50)
______________ A．Recently, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.B．The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.C．This smoke is called secondhand smoke.D．However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young.E．As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.F．In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.47、______________ A．Recently, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.B．The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.C．This smoke is called secondhand smoke.D．However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young.E．As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.F．In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.48、______________ A．Recently, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.B．The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.C．This smoke is called secondhand smoke.D．However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young.E．As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.F．In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.49、______________ A．Recently, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.B．The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.C．This smoke is called secondhand smoke.D．However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young.E．As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.F．In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.50、______________ A．Recently, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.B．The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.C．This smoke is called secondhand smoke.D．However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young.E．As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.F．In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.第6部分：完形填空(第52～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
51、根据下列材料，回答51-65题 The Greatest Mystery Of Whales
The whale is a warm-blooded, air-breahing animal, giving birth to its young alive, sucking them-and, like all mammals, originated on land．There are many front flippers(鳍状肢), used for steering and stability, are traces of feet.(51)of this.Its Immense strength is(52)into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale's body is one gigantic muscle．The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated(53)400 horsepower.One specimen was reported to have towed(拖)a whaling vessel for seven hours at the(54)of eight knot(节).An angry whale will(55)A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century.More recently, steel ships have(57)their plates buckled(使弯曲)in the same way.Sperm whales(抹香鲸)were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crash them.The greatest(58)of whales is their diving ability．The sperm whale dives to the Bottom for his(59)food，the octopus(章鱼)．In that search he is known to go as far Down as 3200 feet，where the．(60)is l400 pounds，to a square inch．Doing so he will(61)underwater long as one hour．Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough(62)(all whales ale air—breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure．Just how he does it scientists have not(63)．It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special(64)of blood vessels，rather than just held in the lungs．And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body．But since you can’t bring a live whale into the laboratory for study，no one knows just how these things work． A．aspects B．signs C．ways D．reasons
52、A．worked B．divided C．built D．moved
53、A．al B．in C．of D．with
54、A．number B．degree C．distance D．rate
55、A．abandon B．attack C．leave D．board
56、A．as B．who C．which D．that
57、A．had B．operated C．Seen D．caught
58、A．interest B．job C．danger D．mystery
59、A．favorite B．fast C．new D．sufficient 60、A．depth B．pressure C．level D．size 61、A．set B．become C．remain D．rest． 62、A．heat B．energy C．food D．oxygen 63、A．witnessed B．determined C．applied D．calculated 64、A．system B．place C．arrangement D．equipment 65、A．mentally B．artificially C．manually D．automatically
第三篇：2014年职称英语考前押题3
2014年职称英语卫生类A级考前押题(三)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近折选项。
1.She was a puzzle.A girl
C problem
B woman
D mystery
2.Her speciality is heart surgery
A region C field
B site
D platform
3.France has kept intimate links with its former African territories
A friendly
C strong
B private
D secret
4.You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly，A spread
C beaten
B mixed
D covered
5.he industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.A destroyed C smashed
B broke
D changed
6.Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first.A posted
C given
B sent
D handed
7.The change in that village was miraculous.A conservative C insignificant
B amazing
D unforgettable
8.Customers often defer payment for as long as possible.A make
C postpone
B demand D obtain
9.Canada will prohibit smoking in all offices later this year.A ban
C eliminate
B remove
D expel
10.She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset.A declares B asserts
C describes D announces.11.From my standpoint, this thing is just ridiculous
A field
C knowledge
B point of view D information
12.The latest census is encouraging
A statement B assessment
C evaluation D count
13.The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.A different
C uncomfortable
B proud
D unconscious
14.Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.A able C qualified
B fortunate D competent
15.He was elevated to the post of prime minister.A pulled
C lifted
B promoted
D treated 第2部分：阅读判断。下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Osteoporosis and Men
Mention the word osteoporosis in the manly world of testosterone, professional basketball and the XFL, and you 're likely to get a wave of the hand and a dismissive “That 's a woman 's disease.” Not so.More than 2 million American men have been found to have the thinning bones and skeletal weakness of osteoporosis, and an additional 3 million are at an increased risk of developing them.It's true that osteoporosis strikes women with much greater frequency than menrunning up and down basketball courts, soccer and baseball fields.As it happens, physical activity is one of the more important ways to increase bone density and protect bone health.But even the most active men cannot ignore certain facts of life.All of us build up our bones during the first three decades of life, typically reaching peak bone mass in the early 30s.Around the age of 35, we begin gradually to lose some of this bone mass.Women ultimately give up between 30%.Though mass loss in men is lower, it still makes us vulnerable to back pains and bone fractures.In fact, this year alone American men will suffer as many as half a million osteoporosis-related breaks, mostly in the spine, hip and wrist.These are not only painful;thousands die each year from fracture-related complications.For many of us, however, there's still time.Of all the side effects of aging, osteoporosis is one of the more preventable, through diet, exercise and changes in lifestyle.The two key nutritional substances for bone health are calcium, which makes bones stronger, and vitamin D, which helps the body absorb the calcium.Exercising is also important, with emphasis on weight-bearing activities in which bones and muscles work against gravity.Lifting weights and working out on resistance machines can help preserve bone density.Be careful about what's in your medicine cabinet.Prolonged use of some medications, such as steroids, can weaken your bones.Smoking and drinking are both bad for bones, as is prolonged weightlessness, for anybody who plans to work on the space station.Men are justified in thinking that osteoporosis is a woman's disease.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned Most women also think that osteoporosis is a woman's disease.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned The kind of sport that boys often play as children is good for the build-up of their bones.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned You are prone to bone breaks if you suffer from osteoporosis.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned In general, men and women reach peak bone mass at the age of 35.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned Exercising is an important way to protect bone health.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned Weight loss is also bad for your bones.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子。阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试 任务：(1)第1-4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
English and English Community There is no doubt that English is a useful language.The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese.A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities.The people who make up the community share a common language.Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood(街坊)，a village，or a city.More often they form a whole country.National boundaries，however，are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community.A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community.For convenience(方便)，we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers 1earn English as a second language for the purpose of education，commerce，and so on.Learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind.The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional(虚构的)lives of people and their culture;a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel.Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.Paragraph 1___________.Paragraph 2___________.Paragraph 3___________.Paragraph 4___________.A Threat Posed by English
B Definition of a Speech Community
C Benefits of Learning a Second Language
D Advantages of Learning Chinese
E Two Groups of the English Speech Community
F A Widely Used Language Overall there are more speakers of Chinese than of ___________ The boundaries of a speech community may be different from ___________.People who live in different places may belong to ___________.Many people learn English as ___________.A a second language
B the same language
C the same speech community
D any other language
E national boundaries
F a part of one's heritage 第4部分：阅读理解。下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
A New Cause of Suffering
A conference on obesity(肥胖症)was recently held in Vienna.Two thousand experts from more than fifty countries attended the conference.According to statistics, 1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are too fat.Obesity is rapidly becoming a new cause of suffering.Professor Friedrich hopichler of Salzberg said: “we are living in the new age but with the metabolism(新陈代谢)of a stone-age man.I have just been to the United States.It is really terrible.A pizza(比萨饼)shop is appearing on every corner.We have been occupied by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization.”
Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer.Hopichler said: “eighty per cent of all diabetics(糖尿病人)are too fat, also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with fatty tissue complaints.Ten per cent more weight means thirteen pet cent more risk of heart disease.Reducing one's weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure.”
Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs.“the health insurance pays for surgery(such as reducing the size of the stomach)when the body-mass index(身体质量指数)is more than 40.That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.60 meters.One should start earlier.”
Toplak said tat prevention should begin in school.“Child obesity has a close relation with the time which children spend in front of TV sets.” How many people are suffering from obesity in the world?
A 250,000,000
B 25,000,000
C 1,200,000,000
D 120,000,000 the united states is cited as a country where
A obesity is not a problem at all.B you can find many new things.C terrible things happen all the time.D it is easy to buy fast food.according to the article, obesity is associated with all the following EXCEPT
A high blood pressure.B fatty tissue complaints.C stomachache
D heart disease Hermann Toplak suggested that more money should be spent on
A surgery
B fat people
C preventive programs
D state health services.in Toplak's opinion, the more time a child spends watching TV
A the better he will do in his studies
B the more likely he will get too fat
C the less likely he will get too fat
D the more friends he will have at school Young Smokers
It has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics.Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious, their work deteriorates as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent and sexually precocious.Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social.They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult.The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance.School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises.This rule has been introduced at Summerhill School where I spent my schooldays.There is, however, a risk of children smoking just to rebel against the rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools.Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial.Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.36.In this passage the author puts an emphasis on
A.the consequence of smoking among children.B.the difficulty in prohibiting children from smoking.C.the causes of smoking among children.D.the solution to ban smoking among children
37.Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokers
A.Disobedience.B.Laziness.C.Abstinence.D.Vanity.38.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A.Some children start to smoke out of curiosity and vanity.B.Many children start to smoke because they want to appear mature.C.In order to have fewer children smokers, parents, teachers and health care workers should set examples.D.It is not as difficult to prevent children from starting to smoke as to dissuade adults from smoking..39.The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smoking
A.hould be introduced, for it really works at the school.B.should not be introduced, for it may cause disturbance.C.should be introduced though it may not work effectively.D.needn' t be introduced as long as teachers don' t smoke.40.The author's attitude towards his writing is
A.Objective.B.Emotional.C.Critical.D.Indifferent.Demand on Treatment Emphasized
AIDS programs in developing countries put too little emphasis on treatment.the World Health Organization(WHO)said Tuesday，asking for more small community—based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people.An estimated 36 million to 46 million people are living with AIDS，two—thirds of them in Africa，but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment by the end of 2003，the UN health agency said in its annual report.“Without treatment，all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,”the WHO said in the 169-page World Health Report.WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs.“Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease，”Lee said.“By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow.This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss，”he added.Anti retroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer.The annual cost of treatment，which was about $10,000 when the drugs were first developed，has dropped to about $150.Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts，the report said，citing great demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available.Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected，and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection，the report said.Since its discovery in the 1980s，more than 20 million have died of AIDS，mostly in poor countries
41.Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countries
A.They put too little emphasis on treatment.B.They refuse to be treated.C.They are not receiving any treatment.D.They live longer than those in developed countries
42.The WHO publishes its World Health Report
A.once a year.B.once a decade.C.once every two years.D.twice a year
43.According to Lee，our response to the AIDS disease is
A.overemphasized.B.a matter of little significance.C.a matter of great significance.D.timely
44.AIDS treatment programs may also result in
A.more effective prevention.B.lower yearly cost.C.better drugs.D.greater emphasis on treatment
45.How many people have died of AIDS so far
A.36 million.B.46 million.C.Around 440，000.D.More than 20 million 第5部分：补全短文。阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Garlic
From early times man has used garlic(大蒜).The Bible speaks of it.The Israelites(古以色列人)were once far from home.They cried out to Moses, their leader, for the foods they loved: leeks(韭菜), onions, and garlic.The Romans, like the Israelites, loved to eat garlic.And they hung bags of garlic around their necks._____(1)They also thought it would keep them from getting sick.A similar idea is still held.Many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure disease.Most doctors say it does no such thing._____(2)Its smell may force people to stay far apart.At least then they can't pass germs on to each other._____(3)What if you're in a play, for instance? Actors have been known to forget their lines because they couldn't stand the garlic smell on a fellow actor's breath.Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic.Through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic._____(4)We now know why.It's been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth, Garlic tongue, or gums(齿龈).They go into the lungs instead.From there they are breathed out.They pass out through the skin too.Strange as it seems, food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or tasting strong.It all depends on how it is cooked.French cooks make a good soup with whole cloves(瓣)of garlic.They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup.But they take care not to crush them.And they cook them whole._____(5)And as the cloves cook they change in some strange way.The soup turns out to be delicious.It's not strong at all.A But no medicine, mouthwash, chewing gum, or toothpaste seems to help much
B As a result, the strong oils stay in the cloves.C They say it may help in one way, though.D Many people eat garlic.E But keeping your distance can be hard at times.F They hoped it would keep away the evil eye.第6部分：完形填空。阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Healthy Food
Street sellers, particularly in developing countries, supply large amounts of food _____(1)people on low incomes.This sector(部门)also employs some 6-25% of the work force, mainly women, in developing countries, and provides markets for agricultural and other produce.In many countries, _____(2), the authorities are not willing to recognize it as a formal sector of the food _____(3)system;they may ignore it in food control programs or even try to put an end to _____(4).There are two possible contaminants(污染物): pathogenic(病原)micro-organisms(微生物)_____(5)harmful chemicals.As _____(6)as micro-organisms are concerned, there is apparently no convincing evidence that street foods are more involved in the transmission of infection than foods obtained in, e.g.hotels.Studies in Egypt and elsewhere have found street foods to compare not unfavorably with hotel _____(7)in respect of contamination with micro-organismssellers of bottled drinks require less control than those of food.Dry foods, dried grains, and sugared foods are _____(13)likely to transmit disease than cooked rice, low-acid milk, egg, and meat products._____(14), foods which are thoroughly cooked and eaten at _____(15)are safer than precooked food kept at high temperatures for several hours.A for B on C by D at A but B however C besides D moreover A choice B processing C supply D production A them B those C him D it A and B or C but D yet A soon B far C much D many A services B kitchens C hygiene D foods A hotels B houses C buildings D generals A supported B enriched C contaminated D washed A heavy B clear C high D poor A to B about C from D around A use B think C take D work A highly B never C not D less A Certainly B Interestingly C Surprisingly D Similarly A once B twice C call D work 词汇选项 D 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 D C 7 B 8 C 9 A 10 C B 12 D 13 C 14 C 15 B
阅读判断
参考答案：1.B
2.C
3.A
4.A 5.B 6.A
7.C
概括大意
参考答案：F B E C D E C A
阅读理解
参考答案： 31.A
32.D
33.C
34.C
35.B
36-40BADCA
41-45CACAD
补全短文
参考答案：46.F
47.C
48.E
49.A
50.B
完形填空
参考答案：
51.A
52.B
53.C
54.D
55.A
56.B
57.D
58.A
59.C
60.D
61.A
62.C
63.D
64.D
65.A
第四篇：2012职称英语押题
To Have and have not 1.why did the writer want to to have a change of scene 2.what attracted the writer the light coming from inside 3.the writer found the stock of top quality 4.what was unusual about the she seemed to know him 5.the writer disliked the back he saw nothing he really like
Going Her Own Way 1.maria wanted to attend technical high school 2.in those days,most Italian girls did not go to high school 3.you can infer from this passage only boys usually attend 4.maria’s father probably had very traditional views 5.high school teachers in Italy in quite strict
A Tale of Scottish Rural Life 1.what is sunset song mainly
the lives of rural Scottish 2.which statement is not true she married only once
3.what is the opening section
the history of kinraddie 4.who are responsible for ewan
the germans
5.the word sunset occurring in
the end of traditional life
Pop Music in Africa
1.this passage is about how
more serious than most 2.for people outside of Africa
both familiar and different 3.the musicians mentioned in
write about serious problems 4.eric wainaina music in boston 5.witness mwaijaga writes about
she has had a difficult life
Why So Many Children 1.in a traditional agricultural
can be an advantage 2.when countries become
the birth rate generally 3.according to this passage
industrialized low birth 4.Saudi Arabia is mentioned
Factors other than the 5.In mexico,Thailand,and
Has tried to improve the
EAT to Live
1.which of the following not
we have to begin dieting 2.why does the author mention
to illustrate the effect of 3.what can be inferred about
they are more likely to suffer 4.which of the following most
the mice that started dieting 5.according to the last two
dieting is not a good method
New us Plan for Disease Prevention 1.which is not true of chronic
they often result in unhealthy 2.the author mentions all the
higher survival rate for cancer 3.the article indicates that more
much less money needed for 4.the $15 million program is
promoting disease prevention 5.early cancer screening can help
cancer death rate
The Operation of International Airlines 1.in operating airlines it is essential
cater to the need of passengers 2.the following are all mentioned
the tourist industry is experiencing
3.the improvements the airlines
showing more movies during 4.there is not much the airlines
speeding up customs procedure 5.which of the following is a bad
travel on the flight they booked
Sauna
1.ceremonial bathing various forms 2.what is understood by some
saunas with smoke
3.according to the third except
curing asthma
4.according to the fourth because
pores are cleaned by sweat 5.who are advised not to take
all of the above
Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist 1.the question raised in the first
that was never thought of before 2.the project funded by the national
was to find out why some buildings 3.the column mentioned by dr.was part of the building close to 4.A surprising discovery made by
Some floor framing systems are 5.What dr.reinhorn said in the last
Blast engineering emerges as a Americans Get Touchy 1.the word “practically”in the
nearly 2.which is not among the embrace 3.some parents tearchers excep diseases could be transmitted 4.which following is true in some countries,it’s usual 5.we can infer that
positive
Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for 1.debenhams could most a department store 2.british women are happy the climate of great britain 3.we can infer from the second most women no longer wore 4.which following statements true from the age of 23,skirt length 5.the word “zoom” in the first soar
Defending the Theory of Evolution 1.according to the first paragraph school boards oppose AIBS’s 2.which one of not the reason darwin’s theory is denied as 3.AIBS is composed
more than 80
4.According to weis in the 5th
Is fundamental to the 5.Why do people replace the
The term creationism is too
Narrow Escape
1.why was it “too late” by the
rocks loosened by melting 2.the first reason given to
that climbers above you 3.what is likely to be cailloux
rocks are falling
4.what is sarcastic in the words
being hit by a rock isn’t 5.in what sense was toby ”safe”
the overhanging rock would
Finding Enlightenment in Scotland 1.scotland is thought to have
the ideas proposed by some 2.which of the following
to find ways to improve 3.smith’s idea of “enlightened
the prosperity of all nations 4.which of the following true
it is still alive in a broad sense 5.the institute for system level
the tradition of Scottish higher
The Beginning of American Literature 1.what does “that hope” in
the hope to start a new life 2.when did American literature
long before the year 1,000 3.what can we learn from the
about the everyday life of 4.the main purpose of the last
early-day experience 5.which of the following true
some british writers had great
Older Volcanic Eruptions
1.why did older volcanic eruptions
they killed off life more 2.how did wignall calculate
by comparing the proportion 3.when did dinosaurs become
million years ago 4.what can be inferred from
the cause of their extinction 5.what is the main thesis of
older volcanic eruptions were
School Lunch
Properly
provide choose finding Standards portion examined Consume understanding increased Criticize nutritional affect habits
prevent
A Powerful Influence
Ever Curious harmful staring at
absorbed
Make word holding Steps negotiating seriously discuss
Necessarily
absolutely going
The Old Gate
Reasons diseases demolished
Stroke actual boundary storage Unfashionable maintain set up Preservation down replaced Chance job
Family History
Attracted
find
fairly
one
Going
decision quite
cause Avoided
connected
treat
for way
get
might
Helen and Martin
Would up weakened curiosity Become warning bothered Confidence ignoring through Gaining on took help quiet
第五篇：2014年职称英语综合类A级考前押题
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Techniques to employ the energy of the sun are being developed.A.convert
B.store
C.utilize
D.receive
2.Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices.A.slight
B.surprising
C.sudden
D.harmful
3.Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized branches.A.conventionally
B.obviously
C.especially
D.inevitably
4.An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of the Department of the State.A.a unity
B.a division
C.an embassy
D.an invitation
5.We were astonished to hear that their football team had won the champion.A.amazed
B.amounted
C.amused
D.approached
6.There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country.A.a steady
B.a plentiful
C.an extra
D.a stable
7.All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain logical, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.A.as a result of
B.considering
C.on purpose
D.whatever
8.The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.A.puzzling
B.difficult
C.terrifying
D.urgent
9.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified.A.sufficiently
B.noticeably
C.intentionally
D.absolutely
10.The Constitutions, vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change.A.imprecise
B.concise
C.unpolished
D.elementary
11.The expedition reached the summit at 10:30 that morning.A.top of the mountain
B.bottom of that morning
C.starting point
D.site
12.The latest census is encouraging.A.count
B.statement
C.agreement
D.estimate
13.Academic records from other institutions often become part of a university's official file and can neither be returned to a student nor duplicated.A.borrowed
B.purchased
C.copied
D.rewritten
14.While serving in the Senate in the early 1970s, Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environment problems.A.list
B.forbid
C.handle
D.investigate
15.Gambling is lawful in Nevada.A.legal
B.irresistible
C.enjoyable
D.profitable 第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
A Dog's Dilemma
Finding a babysitter while you go out to work is, for example, an inconvenience.For the African wild dog, one of the continent's most endangered carnivores, it's a matter of life and death.New research shows that once packs fall below a certain size, there are not enough animals to both hunt food and stay at home protecting the young.The African wild dog has declined drastically over the past century.Habitual loss, persecution and unexplained outbreaks of disease have all been blamed.Only 3, 000 to 5, 000 animals remain, and the species is expected to go extinct within decades if the trend continues.Other large carnivores such as the spotted hyena face similar pressures, yet are not declining.Now Franck Courchamp of Cambridge University has found a reason why.The dog's weakness lies in its social organisation.Within each pack of up to 20 adults and pups, only the dominant male and female breed.The remaining animals help raise the pups, cooperating to hunt prey and defend the kill from other carnivores.Because pups can't keep up on a hunt, large packs leave an adult behind to protect them from predators, which include lions and hyenas.But leaving a babysitter also carries costs.A smaller hunting party is less able to tackle large prey and to defend the kill.There is also one less stomach in which to carry food hack to the den, and one more mouth to feed when they get there.Courchamp investigated this awkward trade-off by modelling how the costs of a babysitter change with decreasing pack size.This showed that packs of more than five adults should be able to feed all the pups and still spare a babysitter.But with smaller packs, either the hunting or the babysitting suffers, or the animals have to compensate by increasing the number of hunting excursions-which itself carries a cost to the pack.Field observations in Zimbabwe supported the model.Packs of five animals or fewer left pups unguarded more frequently than larger packs did.There was also evidence that when they did leave a babysitter, they were forced to hunt more often.A pack which drops below a critical size becomes caught in a vicious circle, says Courchamp, who is now at Paris-Sud University.“Poor reproduction and low survival further reduces pack size, culminating in failure of the whole pack.” And deaths caused by human activity, says Courchamp, may be what reduces pack numbers to below the sustainable threshold.Mammal ecologist Chris Carbone at London's Institute of Zoology agrees.Maintaining the integrity of wild dog packs will be vital in pre serving the species, he says.16.The African wild dog has been endangered.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17.The spotted hyena is on the verge of extinction.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18.The remaining lions will die out within decades.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19.The dominant female is always left behind to protect the young.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20.There is a tension between babysitting and hunting.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21.The size of a pack must be big enough for it to survive.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22.Steps will be taken to protect the African wild dog.A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.Keeping Cut Flowers While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible.This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature.For example, studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨)retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃.Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long.Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination(授粉).After that, they quickly dry up and die.The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), called respiration(呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color.The making of seeds also depends on this energy.While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration.A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high.Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower.Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration.How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature.We know that respiration produces heat, but the
reverse is also true.Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed.Flowers find it difficult to “drink” water that is dirty or otherwise polluted.Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers.To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach(含氯漂白剂)can be used in small quantities.It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach(at 4% solution)be added to each liter of water.The water and solution should also be replaced each day.Paragraph 2__________.Paragraph 3__________.Paragraph 4__________.Paragraph 5__________.A Control of Respiration
B Beauty of Fresh Cut Flowers
C Role of Respiration
D Most Important Aspect of Flower Care
E Need for Clean Water
F Ways of Stopping Respiration A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers__________.Respiration plays a key role__________ The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down__________.Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is__________.A by keeping its original shape and color
B in the life of cut flowers
C to produce carbon dioxide
D for as long as possible
E by controlling temperature
F to replace the water and solution every day 第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
My Fast Job
I was six when I joined my father and two elder brothers at sunrise in the hayfields of Eufaula, Oklahoma.By the time I was eight I was helping Dad fix up low-income rental properties.He gave me a penny for every nail I pulled out of old boards.I got my first real job, at JM's Restaurant in town, when I was 12.My main responsibilities were clearing tables and washing dishes, but sometimes I helped cook.Every day after school I would head to JM's and work until ten.Saturdays I worked from two until eleven.At that age it was unlucky going to work and watching my friends run off to swim or play.I didn't necessarily like work, but I loved what working allowed me to have.Because of my job I was always the one buying when my friends and I went to the local bar Tastee Freez.This made me proud.Word that I was honest and hardworking got around town.A local clothing store extended credit to me although I was only in the seventh grade.I immediately charged a $ 68 sports coat and a $ 22 pair of trousers.I was making only 65 cents an hour, and I was already $ 90 in debt!So I learned early the danger of easy credit.I paid it off as soon as I could.My first job taught me discipline, responsibility and brought me a level of personal satisfaction few of my friends had experienced.As my father, who worked three jobs, once told me, “If you understand sacrifice and commitment, there are not many things in life you can't have.” How right he was!
When the author was a child, he was made to help his father work because___________
A the restaurant was short of hands.B his family belonged to the low-income group.C he wanted to earn some money.D he was stronger than his two brothers.32 At the age of 12, the author got a job at a restaurant and often worked till late at night because___________
A he liked that work.B he didn't like playing.C he was hard-working.D he felt rewarded by doing that work.33 The word “Word” in the sentence “Word that I was honest and-hard-working got around town in the fourth paragraph means___________
A statement.B advice.C news.D promise.34 When the author was in the seventh grade, he was in debt because___________
A he did not work any more.B he bought clothes on credit.C he was charged too much for the sports coat.D he made little money at that time.35 What does the author want to tell the reader by this text?
A If you know sacrifice and responsibility, you can have many things in life.B Children from poor families usually have a very unhappy childhood.C Children should be made to work and earn some money by themselves.D You will learn discipline and responsibility by working early in life.Ford's Assembly Line
When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford.A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses(屠宰场).Back in the early 1900's, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a ”disassembly line“.Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto.Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time.Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened.”The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes.But on that day, on the line, the assemble team averaged one every 13minutes and 10 seconds per person.“
Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes.In 1913, Ford went all the way.Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed(拖,拉)past workers who completed them one piece at a time.It hasn't long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then.And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $ 260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them.Soon, auto makers and the world all copied him.In fact, heencouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow.The Age of the Automobile has arrived.Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation(自动化), everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true____?
A.He introduced a new way of production.B.He influenced all manufacturing.C.He inspired other auto makers.D.He changed a historian's mind.37、The writer mentions ”slaughterhouses“ because they were the places where ____
A.Ford's assembly line originated
B.Ford made his first car
C.Ford readjusted the assembly line
D.Ford innovated the disassembly line
38、A magneto is a technical term for____
A.an automobile
B.a production line
C.a part of an automobile engine
D.a disassembly line
39、the phrase ”turning out“ in the last paragraph could be best replaced by____
A.”producing“
B.”selling“
C.”buying“
D.”fixing"
40、The invention of the assembly line enabled Henry Ford____
A.to create more jobs for the unemployed
B.to write a book on history
C.to reduce the price of his cars to $260
D.to cut the production of his cars by 50%
第三篇
Play
Play is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being.From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys, Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play.To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again.Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development.In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities.is largely determined in the first three years of his life.So a baby's ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated.A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully.In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds.Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability.Bricks and jigsaws(七巧板)and construction toys;painting, scribbling(涂鸦)and making things;sand and water play;toys for imaginative and pretending play;the first social games for learning to play and get on with others.But the third stage of playdevelopment--from five to seven or eight years--the child is at school.But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school.It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys.Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child.But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning.Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead on to new hobbies, but their significance has changed-to a child of nice or ten years, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.The passage tells us that as a child grows up, ____
A.he should be allowed to choose his own toys
B.he should be given identical toys
C.he should be given different toys
D.he should be given fewer and fewer toys
42、According to the passage, the abilities a child has inherited from his parents ____
A.determine his character
B.will not change after the age of three
C.partly determine the standard he is likely to reach
D.to a large extent determine the choice of toys
43、Who have the best chance of growing up successfully____?
A.Those who tend to overeat.B.Those who are given a lot of toys.C.Those who are given toys, talked to and played with.D.Those who can share their toys with their playmates.44、We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosity ____
A.when he is two
B.when he is around four
C.when he is six
D.when he is eight
45、The passage is mainly about ____
A.the importance of pre-school education
B.the importance of schooling
C.the role of play in a child's development
D.the choice of toys for adolescents 第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
How to Interview People
Interviewing(采访)is one of those skills that you can only get better at.You will never again feel so ill at ease as when you try it for the first time, and probably you'll never feel entirely comfortable trying to get from another person answers that he or she may be too shy to reveal.___________(46)The rest is instinct, which can all be learned with experience.The basic tools for an interview are paper and two or three well-sharpened pencils.But keep your notebook or paper out of sight until you need it.There's nothing less likely to relax a person than the arrival of someone with a note-taking pad.___________(47)Take a while just to chat, judging what sort of person you're dealing with, getting him or her to trust you.Never go into an interview without doing whatever homework you can.If you are interviewing a town official, know his voting record.If it's an actor, know what plays he has been in.___________(48)
Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets.___________(49)Unless the person really hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him.Most men and women lead lives that are uninteresting, and they grasp any chance to talk to an outsider who seems eager to listen.This doesn't necessarily mean that it will go well.In general you will be talking to people who have never been interviewed before, and they will get used to the process awkwardly, perhaps not giving you anything that you can use.___________(50)You will both even begin to enjoy it-proof that you aren't forcing your victim to do something he doesn't really want to.A Come back another day;it will go better
B But at least half of the skill is mechanical
C As one philosopher interviewed in the film notes, they lack irony
D You will not be liked if you inquire about facts that you could have learned in advance.E This fear is almost 100 percent unnecessary
F Both of you need time to get to know each other 第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Cost as a Factor in Supply
In a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions.With no difference between his products and the products___________(51)his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or___________(52)the market price.However, in considering the price, he must take the___________(53)of production into consideration.There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost.This might happen when prices tumble for___________(54)he believes will be a short time.However, no business person can ___________(55)to lose money for a prolonged period.He must be constantly ___________(56)of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit.Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs per unit decrease.___________(57)mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production, ___________(58)logic and practical experiences have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production.Some economists___________(59)to this principle as the law of increasing costs.The reason costs rise as production goes up is ___________(60).However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow, ___________(61)competitive bidding in the marketplace for the factors of production.If a producer needs ___________(62)skilled labor to produce more, and none of this labor is unemployed, the producer will have to get___________(63)from other sources.This can be done by___________(64)higher wages.Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production.We must also recognize that not all labor is equally productive, ___________(65)not all land is equally fertile and not all ore(矿石)is equally rich in the mineral wanted.51 A to B at C of D on
A below B beneath C over D above
A price B cost C worth D profit
A that B why C what D if
A afford B pretend C offer D decide
A sure B afraid C aware D suspicious
A Because B since C When D While
A both B neither C none D any
A resort B refer C turn D attend
A clear B simple C difficult D complex
A bringing B resulting in C including D carrying out
A less B numerous C more D many
A them B these C it D those
A offering B cutting C reducing D having
A as if B just as C because D while 参考答案:
1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.A
6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.A
11.A 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.A
16.A 17.B 18.C 19.B 20.A
21.A 22.C
23.D24.C25.A26.E27.D28.B29.E30.F
31.C32.D33.C34.B35.A
36-45DACAC CCCBC
46.B47.F48.D49.E50.A
51.C52.A53.B54.C55.A
56.C57.D58.A59.B60.D
61.B62.C63.C64.A65.B
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