英语数字反应能力训练

第一篇：英语数字反应能力训练

英语数字反应能力训练

1.学英语无论听与说，对数字反应迟缓，这是一个普遍存在的问题，也是一个老大难问题。为了解决这个问题，成功的英语学习者可能都有自己独特的经历和方法。这里推荐的是一种高效的训练方案。

2.后面附有七个表格，分别为3-9位数字。每个表包含1500个数字，是由电脑随机产生的。3.如果你经常坐在电脑旁边，只要有空闲时间，或三分钟、或五分钟不等，随意选一个表来练习，权当是一种休息。当然，最好由浅入深循顺渐进。你也可以根据自己的情况安排固定时段来练习。

4.不必按顺序，也不必从头至尾完成每个表的每个数字，完全随心所欲。只要目之所及，立即在脑海中对数字作出反应，同时口中念念有词，只要不影响到他人，最好诵出声来。从数字映入眼中到诵完这个数字所用时间，随着练习的进行会越来越短，目标是：对数字形成条件反射。

5.训练要诀：目光扫过数字，然后尽快移开目光，通过瞬时记忆来完成数字的读诵，即使是八、九位的长串数字，也尽量争取做到0.5秒内准确记住，并完整而流畅地诵出。

6.这种方法虽然不是直接训练数字听力，但由于我们从开始学英语就接触了数字的英语表达，对数字的基本语音构件其实早就熟悉了，问题只在于由这些基本构件串成的较大数字我们的反应比较迟缓，只要解决了这个天然障碍，数字的听与说问题其实会同步消除。

7.如果不常坐在电脑旁边，可以随意截取某段表格，然后把它打印出来，自己挤时间进行练习。有mp3、4的同学，可以把表格转成txt文件随身携带，有空可以通过mp3、4的文本阅读器来练习。

8.数字听力要诀：1）阿拉伯化图形反应：阿拉伯数字是最简明有效的数字文字符号，只要我们一听见英文数字，立即反应出其阿拉伯字符串图案，这要通过长期的训练才能熟练；2）跨越“万”之障碍：对于五位以上数字，中国人是以“万”和“亿”为核心来表达。受习惯支配，我们总是不自主地试图把听到的英文数字转成xxx万、xxx亿再予以接收，这大大地减慢了我们对数字的反应速度。其实完全没必要这么做，我们应该逐步养成直接按英语国家的习惯来接受数字语音信息。只要克服了英语数字的语音接收障碍，口译或笔译成中文时再转成万亿制表达其实是很简单的事。

这里主要谈四位以上的数字和带小数点的百分数的听记问题。

在收听VOA英语广播的过程中，听众时常会碰到许多数字，这是我国英语学习者的一大难关，四位数以上的数字更是如此。原因是英汉两种语言的计数单位不完全一样。

它们的最大区别是：汉语中有“万”和“亿”这两个计数单位，英语没有；而英语的million（百万）和billion（十亿）这两个计数单位，汉语里却是在它们的前面加上十，百，千而构成的复合计数单位，于是形成了英汉数字的不同表示法。

英汉两种语言的计数单位是不一致的，英语每四位数，汉语每五位数要变更其计数单位的名称，这就形成了四位以上数字的不同表示法。这些不同的表示法给英语学习者，尤其是给来辨别数量单位并接受信息的英语广播听众带来了很大的困难。怎样才能克服这一困难，做到准确无误地听记英语新闻中出现的数字呢？根据我们的收听实践，发现采取以下步骤，比较容易听记：

1）根据美国英语中每逢四位数就要变更计数单位的规则，记数时采用国际习惯每隔三位数用一逗号分开，即1，000以上的数：先从后向前数，每三位数加一“,”，第一个“,”号前为thousand，第二个“，”号前为million，第三个“，”号前为billion（在英国英语国家中为thousand million），然后一节一节表示。例如：123，456，895，167，读成one hundred(and)twenty three billion four hundred(and)fifty-six million eight hundred(and)ninety-five thousand one hundred and sixty-seven.从这一读法中不难看出：除了trillion，billion，和million外，其他数字都是百、十、个的反复使用。

2）以trillion，billion，million和thousand为中心，收听时集中注意力听清楚是多少个trillion，多少个billion，多少个million和多少个thousand，及时记下并在它们的后面分别用“，”分开，没有具体数字的就打上“0”。当然trillion的前面还有一些更大的计数词，其规律都是一样的。

3）注意数字的书写表达方法。一般说来，英语数字的书写方法有以下三种：

（1）如果数字能用一个单独单词来表达，就直接写出该单词。如：“一”、“九”、“十五”、“八十”就分别写作one，nine，fifteen和eighty。

（2）如果数字要用一个复合数词或几个数词来表达，如：“二十一”、“九十九”、“一百零一”、“一千八百七十六”等等，通常就写出阿拉伯数字“21”、“99”、“101”、“1，876”等等。

如果数字是比较大的整数，常常要用阿拉伯数字加英语单词一起来表达。如“一百六十万”、“四十五亿”就写成“1.6 million”和“4.5 billion”等等。

另外，还有一些数字可以有两种读法。例如： 1,000可读作one thousand或ten hundred，4,500可读作four thousand five hundred或forty-five hundred，500,000可读作five hundred thousand或half million。

在VOA的英语广播中，如果数字达到或超过了billion，Special English和Standard English 的读法通常都不一样。如：The Chinese News Agency says China’s population has grown to 1,031,882,511 persons.(St.)Standard English的播音员将这一数字读作one billion thirty-one million eight hundred eighty-two thousand five hundred eleven。而Special English的播音员将这一数字读作one thousand thirty-one million。又如：World Bank President A.W.Clausen says the bank will lend China 1,000,000,000 next year.(St.)Standard English的播音员将这一数字读作one billion，而Special English的播音员将这一数字读作one thousand million，这一读法避免了使用billion这一没有被VOA Special English Wordbook收进的难词。

数字中的另一难点是带有小数点的百分数，我们常常在经济、金融和其他涉及较精确的百分比的新闻中遇到。这些数字，特别是百分之零点几的数字的读法比较难懂，有的有几种读法，在一般的辞书和语法书中很难找到满意的答案。现根据录音材料，从这摘录一些含有这些数字的典型单句，按一定的规律排列如下，供读者参考：

The report noted that the slowdown is less than the four and one half per cent(4.5%)drop in such economic activity during the last three months of 1981.The second largest bank in the United States, the city Bank of New York, has raised its prime interest rates to sixteen and one half per cent(16.5%).He(World Bank President A.W.Claysen)praised China’s economic progress in the last two years, noting the Chinese economy has grown almost seven point five per cent(7.5%)in the time of world recession.The Labor Department said almost 11 million Americans were out of work, about nine point eight per cent(9.8%)of the work force.Almost 10 million persons in the US were unemployed in March.That means nine per cent(9%)of the American labor forces was out of work, and increase of two tenths of one per cent(0.2%)over February’s rate.Consumer prices in the US increased by only two tenths of one per cent(0.2%)in February.Producer prices in the United States increased by one tenth of one per cent(0.1%)in April, the first rise since January.Government economists say producer prices rose at yealy rate of only four tenths of one per cent(0.4%)during the first four months of this year.The Labor Department reports that producer prices increased by only one half of one per cent(0.5%)in October.The Federal Reserve Board says industrial production dropped eight tenths of one per cent(0.8%)in October.The Labor Department reports the prices in the US lowered only six tenths of one per cent(0.6%)last month.Prices has risen one fourth per cent(0.25%)in May and June.The World has a huge supply of fresh water, rivers, rain water, lakes and underground wells.But experts say that only abut one third of one per cent(0.3% or 1/3%)of the world’s total water supply is naturally safe for drinking.总的来说，英语数字的听记是英语学习者的一大难点，除了掌握一定的规律和技巧外，必须通过大量的听说读写训练，才能达到比较迅速而准确的目的。

数字听力是英语听力训练中的一大难点, 学生很难在短时间内准确地捕捉到数字信息,并快速记录。同时, 数字听力又是英语听力教学中的一大重点。通过数字读法及速记技巧训练, 可以帮助学生攻克数字听力难关。数字在信息传递中极为重要, 无论是日常对话还是新闻播报都会涉及到数字, 而数字都极其细微, 稍有差错就会导致理解相差甚远。在英语听力中, 与数字相关的读写练习自然也是学习重点之一, 这也是英语听力中的一大难点, “纯数字信息的准确获取与转换已长期成为学生听力理解过程中的重大障碍之一, 严重影响学生成绩的整体提高”。数字听力无法依靠上下文语境推断, 练习者需要完全凭借背景知识、短时记忆和快速反应获取信息。有时即使进行了大量训练, 也难以获得显著效果。调查结果表明, 在听力试题测试中数字方面的得分率最低。

1、常见的数字读法

数字的种类繁多, 有基数、序数、分数、小数、百分数等。数字又是日常生活中经常用到的语言信息, 包括日期、时间、价格、股票指数、温度、门牌号、电话号码等, 有时一个数字还有不同读法。这些都需要我们在教学实践中认真总结归纳, 以期达到良好的教学效果。

1.1 基数词

基数词是基础, 所有其他数字都在此基础之上形成, 其中要特别注意四位以上的大额数字。依照中文的习惯, 数字由每四位划分一个单位, 从低到高位依次为: 个, 万, 亿等。而英文则不同, 是以每三位划分一个单位: thousand, million, billion,trillion。如: 134, 256, 366, 906 读作: one hundred(and)thirty-four billion, two hundred(and)fifty-six million, three hundred(and)sixty-six thousand, nine hundred(and)six.(在美式英语中, 往往省略hundred 后面的and)。只有注意到中英文的差别,才能有意识地形成英语读数习惯。

同时要注意到一些特殊读法, 特别是在财经新闻中常常遇到违反常规的读法。如以下实例: 例1: In New York, the Dow Share Index closed 45 higher at 6, 783.(读作: sixty-seven eighty-three)

例2: The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed up 96 points at 10, 116.The Standard and Poor’s 500 Index gained 6 points to close at 1, 254.(10, 116 读作: ten thousand one hundred sixteen;1, 254 读作: twelve hundred and fifty-four)上述两个例句信息本是外电新闻原文。

有时正规读法和特例读法甚至会在一段中同时出现, 如例2 所示。

1.2 序数词

序数词中除first, second, third, 其余都是在基数词末尾加上-th 构成, 只有部分在拼写方法上略有变动。但要注意很多序数词也可用基数词表示,如:

Lesson nine = the ninth lesson 第九课;

World War Ⅱ(World War Two)= the second world war 第二次世界大战等。

但要注意在提及国王或女王时, 只能用序数词, 而不能用基数词。如: Queen Elithabeth II 应读作: Queen Elithabeth the second, 而不能读作Queen Elithabeth two。

1.3 分数 分数的分子用基数词表示, 分母用序数词表示。若分子大于1, 分母用复数, 如: 1/3, 读作: one third;2/7 读作: two sevenths。如果分子或分母数值较大, 或在数学计算中, 常常会用over 来读分数线, 如: 32/46 读作thirty-two over forty-six。

但要注意1/2, 1/4 和3/4 分别读作: a(one)half, a(one)quarter, three quarters。

1.4 小数

小数的整数部分按照基数词规则读, 小数部分的数字逐个读出, 而小数点“.”念作“point”。如9.45 读作“nine point four five”, 但有时也会听到“nine point forty-five”的特例读法。如果小数点前为0, 读作nought 或zero。

1.5 百分数

百分数的读法比较简单, 通常是在基数或小数后面加上百分号, 读作“percent”即可。如: 35%(thirtythree point eight percent)。但有时, 百分号前被读作分数, 如:1.5% 读作one and one half percent;12.3% 读作twelve and three tenths percent。

1.6 倍数

英语中表示两倍用twice, 三倍以上用times。但要注意其他一些表示倍数的词: double, triple /treble, quadruple 等倍数还可以用基数词加上后缀“-fold”表示, 如16-fold(十六倍)。

1.7 日期

在年的表示中, 如果数字较小, 或者新世纪初的几个年份, 可以直接当作基数词读出, 如: 357A.D.读作“three hundred fifty-seven A.D.”;2006 读作“two thousand(and)six”。数值较大时,习惯于两位一组读出, 如: 1980 读作“nineteen eighty”。

月份的读法很统一, 但要注意书写时可以用缩写, 听力中适当的缩写可以帮助我们迅速记录,节约时间。

具体日期的表示有如下两种: November 23rd(读作: November(the)twenty third)和23rd November(读作:(the)twenty third(of)November)。

1.8 时间

最简便的读法是把时和分依次读出, 如: 8:10读作“eight ten”;6:52 读作“six fifty-two”。但这两个时刻通常读作“ten past / after eight”和“eight to /of seven”(after 和of 为美式英语习惯)。

如果想表示刚好在某一个整点, 如11:00, 可以用“at 11 o’clock sharp / on the hour / on the strike”。而12:00 也可读为“at noon”;00:00 为“at midnight”。

时刻的读法中还常常用到half 和quarter, 分别表示三十分钟和十五分钟。

1.9 价格

读价格首先要注意单位: 英国有pound /pounds(￡, 英镑)、penny / pence(p, 便士);美国有dollar / dollars($, 美元)、cent / cents(￠, 美分)。美国的硬币还有quarter(= 25 cents), dime(= 10cents), nickel(= 5 cents)。在听写过程中, 要记得写上货币单位, 数值加上单位才是完整的价格。书写时可以用货币符号, 以节省时间。同时, 对货币单位间的换算也要相当熟悉。

读具体价格需要注意带零头的数字, 如: ＄3.35读作“three dollars thirty-five cents”, 或“three dollars thirty5 ℃可读作five degrees below zero 或negative/minus five degrees。

1.12 门牌号

通常情况下, 三位门牌号逐个读出, 四位门牌号每两个数分一组。如: Classroom 305 读作Classroom threefive;Room 2534 读作Room twenty-five thirty-four。

1.13 电话号码

读电话号码首先要按照国家代码、区号、号码本身来分开, 如86-0551-3837898, 然后逐个数字读出。若号码主体部分有七位, 则按照三位一组加四位一组读出, 如上例中3837898 读作three eight three, seven eight nigh eight;若主体部分有八位, 则每四个数一组读出, 如28465258 读作two eight four six, five two five eight。

如果遇到两个或三个相连数字相同, 可分别用double 和treble。但是, 开头三个数字相同, 通常仍应该分开读, 如: 5553298 应读作five five five,three two nine eight, 而不是treble five, three two nine eight。而且运用double 或treble 时, 仍应遵循上述数字分组规则, 如: 7733298 应读作double seven three, three two nine eight, 而不是double seven double three two nine eight。

1.14 其他 1.14.1 “0”的读法

0 可以读作zero, nought, null, nil, nothing, oh,上述规则已有所涉及。此外nil 多见于体育赛事,如: 3: 0 读作three nil 或three to nothing。

1.14.2 区分million 和billion;teen’s 和-ty’s 尤为重要。

1.14.3 连读

连读对听力理解影响甚大, 此处试举一二, 以说明其在涉及数字的听力中可能造成的误解和困难。如: 00 可能读作double oh, 听起来像“w”;88可能读作double eight;1800 可能读作one eigh(t)hundred, 听起来像“one hundred”。数字的速记技巧

2.1 使用逗号帮助记录大额数字

遇到四位及以上数字时, 应习惯于使用逗号分节, 每三位一节。这种分组方法既符合英语朗读习惯, 又能帮助练习者准确记录, 迅速应对。

2.2 合理使用million, billion, trillion 等词及其缩写

数额较大且低位数字多为零者, 可以用million,billion, trillion 等单词代替, 在草稿中甚至仅以m, b, t 代替, 以节省时间。

事实上, 很多数字在朗读时已进行此类转换,如: ten point five million 和ten and one half million均指10.5million, 即10,500,000。又如: two hundred ten thousand million 指210,000 million, 即210,000,000,000。

2.3 充分利用数学符号

做听力笔记时, 可以充分利用数学符号来表示增加、减少、多于、少于、等于, 甚至可以自创符号来方便记忆。训练方法

涉及数字听力练习的方法很多, 如: 两人配对练习, 一人读一人记, 训练几组之后交换练习;如:多听英语新闻, 特别是财经报道等。这里着重介绍几个小技巧和小游戏, 既具有可操作性, 又充满趣味性, 而且在教学实践中效果显著。

3.1 读电话号码本

把电话号码当作普通的基数词来念, 要做到发音准确、迅速、自然。3.2 数数

从0 开始一直数到出错为止, 出错后从头再来, 要求同上。

这两个方法的好处是不受时空限制, 甚至一个人走在路上也能自行操练。

(2)基数词和序数词的写法与读法

罗马字 阿拉伯数字

基数词读法 I II III IV 1 2 3 4 one two three four

序数词写法 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

序数词读法 the first the second the third the fourth V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty one twenty five thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety ninety nine one hundred a hundred and two two hundred and forty-six

5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 25th 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 99th 100th 102nd 246th

the fifth the sixth the seventh the eighth the ninth the tenth the eleventh the twelfth the thirteenth the fourteenth the fifteenth the sixteenth the seventeenth the eighteenth the nineteenth the twentieth the twenty first the twenty fifth the thirtieth the fortieth the fiftieth the sixtieth the seventieth the eightieth the ninetieth the ninety ninth the hundredth

the(one)hundred and second two hundred and forty sixth seven hundred and fifty first XVIII 18 XIX XX XXI XXV XXX XL L LX LXX LXXX XC IC C

246 751

seven hundred and fifty-one 751st

(2)1000以上的数词

1,000 = one thousand

一千 10,000 = ten thousand 一万 100,000 = one hundred thousand 十万

1,000,000 = one million 一百万

10,000,000 = ten million 一千万

100,000,000=one hundred million 一亿

(3)十亿以上的大数，英美有不同的读法：

十亿

英国: one thousand million 美国: one billion

百亿

英国: ten thousand million

美国: ten billion

千亿

英国: one hundred thousand million

美国: one hundred billion

万亿

英国: one billion

美国: one trillion

2.Fractions 分数 通常将分子读为基数，将分母读为序数。

1/2 = a(or one)half

1/3 = a(or one)third

1/4 = a quarter or one fourth 1/5 = a(or one)fifth

2/3 = two thirds

9/10 = nine tenths

53/4 = five and three quarters

15/64 = fifteen over(or by)sixty-four

15% = fifteen per cent

4‰ = four per mill

3.Decimals 小数

0.4 = zero(or nought)point four

0.01 = point(or decimal)nought one

12.34 = twelve point three four

567.809 = five hundred and sixty-seven point eight nought nine

30.45 = thirty point four five, five recurring

0.3% = decimal three percent

4.Mathematic Forms 数学式

(1)Addition 加法

1+2=3 One and two are three.2+3=5 Two plus three equals five.4+0=4 Four and nought is equal to four.45+70+152=267 45,70 and 152 added are(or make)267 the sum(or total)is 267.演算时的读法：

Three and seven are ten;I write(or I write down, or I put down)a nought and carry one.Four and one that I carry are five, and eight make thirteen, and three sixteen;I write down six and carry one.One and one(that I carry)are two;I put down two.-The sum(or total, or the result of the addition)is two hundred and sixty.37,80 and 143 added together, and(or make)260.(2)Subtraction 减法

9-4=5 Nine minus four equals(or is equal to)five.15-7=8 Seven from fifteen leaves eight.23,654-8,175=15,479 8,175(take or subtracted)from 23,654 leaves 15,479.The difference(or The remainder)is 15,479.Nine from five won't go.演算时的读法：

Nought from nought(leaves)nought.One from one leaves nought(or nothing).Two from three(leaves)one.I can

't take(or subtract)five from four;I must borrow ten;five from fourteen leaves nine.-The difference(or The remainder)is nine thousand one hundred.5210(take or subtracted)from 14,310 leaves 9,100.(3)Multiplication

乘法

1×0=0 One multiplied by nought equals nought.1×1=1 Once one is one.2×1=2 Twice one is two.3×5=15 Three times five is fifteen 6×0=0 Multiply six by nothing, and the result is nothing.演算时的读法: Five times nine(or Nine multiplied by five)are forty-five;I put down five and carry four.Five times seven are thirty-five and four(that I carry)are thirty-nine;I write down nine and carry three.Five times six make thirty and three(that I carry)thirty-three;I put down thirty-three.Eight times nine(or Eight nine)are seven two;I write two and carry seven.Eight sevens make fifty-six and seven are sixty-three.I put down three and carry six.Eight sixes make forty-eight and six fifty-four;I write down fifty-four.I now add the partial results(or products)Five.Two and nine are eleven.Three and three are six and one are seven.Four and three make seven.(4)Division 除法

9÷3=3 Nine divided by three makes(or is equal to)three.20÷5=4 Five into twenty goes four times.4567÷23=198余13 23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13 remainder.The quotient is 198, and 13 remainder.演算时的读法: Fifteen into thirteen won't go;fifteen into one hundred and thirty-eight goes nine times;nine times fifteen are one hundred and thirty-five;one hundred and thirty-five from one hundred and thirty-eight leaves three;I bring down seven;fifteen into thirty-seven goes twice;twice fifteen are thirty;thirty from thirty-seven leaves seven.The(exact)quotient is ninety-two, and seven remainder;15 into 1387 goes 92 times, and 7 remainder.5.Time 时间

(1)Hours 钟点

2h.5'8“ = two hours five minutes eight seconds 2小时5分8秒

6.18 = six eighteen 6时18分

8.30 a.m.= eight thirty a.m.['ei 'em] 上午8时30分

the 6.05 p.m.train = the six(nought)five p.m.['pi:'em] train 下午6时零5分列车

又二十四小时混合制的写法和读法如下：

0900 = 0 nine hundred(上午)9时

0910 = 0 nine ten(上午)9时10分

1300 = thirteen hundred 13时(下午1时)1525 = fifteen twenty-five 15时25分(下午3时25分)2000 = twenty hundred 20时(下午8时)at 5 o'c =at five o'clock 五点钟

(2)Date 日期

Oct.1 =October first 10月1日

Oct.1st = October the first 10月1日

1st Oct.1949 = the first of October, nineteen forty-nine 1949年10月1日

3/5 = [英]May(the)third 5月3日； [美]March fifth 3月5日

[附注]联系日期前置词用on.(3)Year 年份

684 B.C.=Six eighty-four B.C.['bi:'si:] 公元前684年

1960 = nineteen sixty;nineteen hundred and sixty 19-nineteen something

1950's nineteen fifties 二十世纪五十年代 [附注]联系年份的前置词用in.6.Numbers 号码

(1)Telephones Numbers 电话号码

1023 = one O two three;ten twenty-three

1227 = one double two(or two two)seven

0386 = O three eight six

0096 = double O(or O O)nine six

7000 = seven O double O = seven thousand

No.26= Number 26 第26号

Room 201 = Room two O one 第201房间

Chang'an Street = Ten Chang'an Street 长安街10号

(2)Writings 书籍作品

Vol.I = Volume one(or the first volume)卷一

Chap.II= Chapter two(or the second chapter)第2章

Page 3 = page Three(or the third page)第3页

See pp.5-10 = See Pages five to ten 见第5-10页

Act V = Act five(or the fifth act)第5幕

Hamlet III 1:56 = Hamlet Act Three, Scene One.Line fifty-six 《哈姆雷特》第3幕第一场第56行

Matt.7:12 = Matthew, Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve 《马可福音》第七章第12节

Beethoven Op.49 = Beethoven Opus forty-nine 贝多芬作品第49号 4to = quarto 四本开

8vo = octavo 八本开

(3)Other 其他

World War I = World War One 第一次世界大战

World War II = World War Two 第二次世界大战

Charles I= Charles the First 查理一世

Henry V = Henry the Fifth 亨利五世

Mr.-= Mr.Dash;Mr.So-and-so 某某先生

Mr.B-= Mr.B-Esq., of-= the town of Blank Esquire of Blank University 某大学某某先生

the town of = the town of Blank 某某城

The result of the game was 3-0 比赛结果是三比零

7.Money 货币

(1)British currency 英币 6d.= six pence 六便士

1/2d.= a halfpenny 半便士

11/2d.= a penny half penny or three half penny or three half pence 一便士半

1/4d.= a farthing 一个铜元

33/4d.= three pence three farthings 三便士三铜元

1s.6d.(or 1/6)= one(shilling)and six(pence)一先令六便士

￡1.18 =(or￡1.18s.)= one pound eighteen(shillings)一镑十八先令

￡1.3s.6d.= one pound, three shillings(and)six pence 4/51/2(or4s.51/2d.)= four(shillings)and five pence halfpenny(2)U.S.currency 1.20 dollar(and)twenty(cents)美金一元二角

4.25 = four dollars twenty-five cents 美金四元二角五分

(3)Soviet currency 前苏联币

Rb.15 = six roubles fifteen kopecks 六卢布十五戈比

(4)German currency 德币

m.60 = one mark sixty pfennig 一马克六十芬尼

(5)French currency 法国币

fr.30 = one franc.thirty(centimes)一法郎三十生丁

0 fr.15 = fifteen centimes 十五生丁

(6)Chinese People's Currency 人民币

1.50 = one yuan and a half 一元五角

JMP 10.35 = JMP ten yuan thirty-five(fen)人民币十元三角五分

附注：yuan单复数没有变化：也可作为日本本位币”圆“的符号。8.Weight and Measures 度量衡

(1)length, area, and volume 长度、面积和容积in = three inches 三英寸

ft.5 in = fifteen foot five(inches)十五英尺五英寸

[附注] 尤其在inches省略时, ft.读作foot;如果inches也念出来，ft可以读作fett.18'6 5/1”= eighteen foot six and a fifth(inches)10×8feet= ten by eight feet 十英尺长，八英尺宽

5"×4×31/2 = five inches by four by three and a half 长五英寸，宽四英寸，高三英寸半

[附注] 以上二例中，乘号×表示面积或容积。

(2)Weight 重量

dr.23 gr.= Twelve drams twenty-three grains 十二打兰二十三喱oz.4 dr.= Ten ounces four drams 十盎司打兰(3)Capacity 容量

gi.= three gills 三及耳

qt.1 pt = one quart one pint 一夸脱一品脱

[附注] qt., pt.的复数是qts., pts., 也可以不加s.20 gal.5 qt.=Twenty gallons five quarts 二十加仑五夸脱bu.3 pk.= Five bushels three pecks 五蒲式耳三配克

一、加减乘除表示法

1.“加”用plus，and或add表示；“等于”用is，make，equal等词表示。2+3=? 可表示为： How much is two plus three? 2+3=5 Two plus three is five．

Two and three is equal to five． Two and three make five．

Two added to three equals five．

If we add two to/and three, we get five． 二加三等于五

2.“减”用 minus或 take from表示 10－6＝?How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4 Ten minus six is four．

Take six from ten and the remainder is four.Six(taken)from ten is four． 十减去六等于四

3.“乘”用time（动词）或multiply表示 3X4＝? How much is three times four? 3X4=12 Three times four is/are twelve．

Multiply three by four，we get twelve． Three multiplied by four makes twelve． 三乘以四等于十二

4.“除”用divide的过去分词形式表示 16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 16÷4＝4 Sixteen divided by four is four．

Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four． 十六除以四等于四。

二、分数表示法

1.分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths 3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter 1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1 1/2 one and a half 1 1/4 one and a quarter 2.当分数后面接名词时，如果分数表示的值大于1，名词用复数；小于1，名词用单数。1 1/2 hours 一个半小时（读作 one and a half hours）3/4 meters 二又四分之三米（读作two and three-fourths meters）4/5 meter 五分之四米 5/6 inch 六分之五英寸

3.表示“n次方”的说法：指数用序数词，底数用基数词。

10的7次方 the seventh power of ten（ten to the seventh power）6的10次方 the tenth power of six（six to the tenth power）

三、小数表示法

1.小数用基数词来表示，以小数点为界，小数点左首的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字合起来读；小数点右首的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字分开来读；小数点读作 point，o读作 zero或o［ou］，整数部分为零时，可以省略不读。

0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四 10.23 ten point two three 十点二三

25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七 l.03 one point o three 一点零三

2.当数字值大于1时，小数后面的名词用复数，数字值小于1时，小数后面的名词用单数。1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨 l.5 tons 一点五吨

四、百分数表示法

百分数用基数＋percent表示 50％ fifty percent百分之五十 3％ three percent百分之三

0.12％ zero point one two percent 百分之零点一二

这里的percent前半部per表示“每一”，cent这一后半部分表示“百”，所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式。

五、数量表示法

1.表示长、宽、高、面积等，用基数词+单位词（meter，foot，inch，kilogram等）+ 形容词（long，wide，high等）表示，或者用基数词+单位词 + in + 名词（length，width，height，weight等）表示。

two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长 three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高 four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸宽 This box is 2 kilograms in weight． 这个盒子有两千克重。

The city wall of Xi'an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high． 西安城墙是12米宽，12米高。

2.表示时间、距离时，使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。five minutes' walk 步行五分钟（的距离）

It's an hour's ride from my hometown to our university． 从我的家乡到我们大学是乘车一小时的路程。或：从我的家乡到我们大学需要乘车一小时。

It's three kilometers' distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.从我们校园到钟楼有三公里远。

3.表示温度时，用below zero表示零下温度，温度用基数词+degree（s）+单位词（centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏）表示。

thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 摄氏 36度

four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 摄氏零下4度 Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit． 水在华氏三十二度时结冰。

Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade． 水在摄氏一百度时沸腾。

这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么度量制度时，可以省略。You are 37℃．（读作 thirty-seven degrees）你是三十七度。（摄氏）

It's seven degrees below zero． 今天是零下七度。（摄氏）

4.由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时，其中的名词用单数形式，名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接。

It's a five-minute walk from the library to the playground． 从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟。She's a sixteen-year-old girl． 她是个十六岁的女孩。

5.表示“比???大（或）几倍”的说法。

This room is two times bigger than that one． 这个房间比那个（房间）大两倍。

The dictionary is four times thicker than that book． 这本词典比那本书厚四倍。

My age is two times older than his． 我的年龄比他大两倍。

第二篇：英语听力中数字反应能力训练

英语听力中数字反应能力训练

了解决这个问题，成功的英语学习者可能都有自己独特的经历和方法。这里推荐的是一种高效的训练方案。

1、下载英语数字反应能力训练用表，它包含七个表格，分别为3-9位数字。每个表包含1500个数字，是由电脑随机产生的。

>>点击下载训练表<<

2、.如果你经常坐在电脑旁边，只要有空闲时间，或三分钟、或五分钟不等，随意选一个表来练习，权当是一种休息。当然，最好由浅入深循序渐进。你也可以根据自己的情况安排固定时段来练习。

3、不必按顺序，也不必从头至尾完成每个表的每个数字，完全随心所欲。只要目之所及，立即在脑海中对数字作出反应，同时口中念念有词(当然是用英语），只要不影响到他人，最好诵出声来。从数字映入眼中到诵完这个数字所用时间，随着练习的进行会越来越短，目标是：对数字形成条件反射。

4、训练要诀：目光扫过数字，然后尽快移开目光，通过瞬间记忆来完成数字的读诵，即使是八、九位的长串数字，也尽量争取做到0.5秒内准确记住，并完整而流畅地诵出。这不难，稍加练习就可以做到。

5、这种方法虽然不是直接训练数字听力，但由于我们从开始学英语就接触了数字的英语表达，对数字的基本语音构件其实早就熟悉了，问题只在于由这些基本构件串成的较大数字我们的反应比较迟缓，只要解决了这个天然障碍，数字的听与说问题其实会同步消除。

6、如果不常坐在电脑旁边，可以随意截取某段表格，然后把它打印出来，自己挤时间进行练习。有mp3、4的同学，可以把表格转成txt文件随身携带，有空可以通过mp3、4的文本阅读器来练习。

7、数字听力要诀：

1）阿拉伯化图形反应：阿拉伯数字是最简明有效的数字文字符号，只要我们一听见英文数字，立即反应出其阿拉伯字符串图案，这要通过长期的训练才能熟练；

2）跨越“万”之障碍：对于五位以上数字，中国人是以“万”和“亿”为核心来表达。受习惯支配，我们总是不自主地试图把听到的英文数字转成xxx万、xxx亿再予以接收，这大大地减慢了我们对数字的反应速度。其实完全没必要这么做，我们应该逐步养成直接按英语国家的习惯来接受数字语音信息。只要克服了英语数字的语音接收障碍，口译或笔译成中文时再转成万亿制表达其实是很简单的事。

第三篇：英语能力训练1（精选）

英语能力训练1 阅读理解（每小题2分）

A

“Mum, what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton（骨骼）in the closet（衣橱）?” Jessica asked.“A skeleton in the closet?” her mother paused thoughtfully.“Well, it’s something that you would rather not have anyone else know about.For example, if in the past, someone in Dad‟s family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be „a skeleton in his family‟s closet‟.He really wouldn‟t want any neighbor to know about it.”

“Why pick on my family?” Jessica‟s father said with anger.“Your family history isn‟t so good, you know.Wasn‟t your great-great-grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his crimes?” “Yes, but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners.” “Gosh, sorry I asked.I think I understand now,” Jessica cut in before things grew worse.After dinner, the house was very quiet.Jessica‟s parents were still quite angry with each other.Her mother was ironing clothes and every now and then she glared at her husband, who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read.When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica‟s closet.Just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a skirt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor.Jessica‟s mother sank in a faint（晕倒）, waking only when Jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead.She looked up to see the worried faces of her husband and daughter.“What happened? Where am I?” she asked.“You just destroyed the school‟s skeleton, Mum,” explained Jessica.“I brought it home to help me with my health project.I meant to tell you, but it seemed that as soon as I mentioned skeletons and closets, it caused a problem between you and Dad.” Jessica looked in amazement as her parents began to laugh madly.“They‟re both crazy,” she thought.1.According to Jessica‟s mother, “a skeleton in the closet” means ______.A.a family honor

B.a family secret C.a family story

D.a family treasure 2.What can we learn about some Australians‟ ancestors form Paragraph 2?

A.They were brought to Australia as prisoners.B.They were the earliest people living in Australia.C.They were involved in some crimes in Australia.D.They were not regarded as criminals in their days.3.Jessica‟s mother fell down into a faint because she was ______.A.knocked

B.frightened

C.injured

D.surprised 4.Why did Jessica bring a skeleton home? A.She was curious about it.B.She planned to keep it for fun.C.She needed it for her school task.D.She intended to scare her parents.5.Jessica‟s parents laughed madly at the end of the story probably because ______.A.they were crazy B.they were over excited C.they realized their misunderstanding D.they both thought they had won the quarrel

B

“I didn't hear them call my name,” explained Shelley Hennig to Active Teens(AT)as she talked about that exciting moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss Teen USA 2004.“Are you ready?” is what she heard.Then she said, “I shook my head no, and then they said‟ yes‟ and it was announced again.”

It was four days after that life changing moment for the seventeen-year-old high school student from Destrehan, Louisiana----she was still on cloud nine．

“I was so shocked!I never believed that it could actually really happen.” Present in the audience that day were: her mother and father, older brother, her friends, and her dance teacher.Understanding why members of her family and her friends would be there, AT asked why her dance teacher had traveled so far to see her compete（比赛）．“She's always been my role model．I've danced with her since I was six.She's been through so many difficulties and came through them all.I've learned to get over bad life's experiences and learned how to move on because of her.” One of those bad life's experiences for Shelley happened three years ago when her brother Brad was killed in a drunk driving accident.He was 18.She found writing helped her get through the rough days.She said, “I write a lot about my brother.I write a lot, a lot, a lot...”

As Miss Louisiana Teen, she traveled around the state speaking to teens about the dangers of drinking and driving.In her role as Miss Teen USA, Sheiley will continue to speak to youth about safe driving, in addition to many other things to help the youth.When AT asked Miss Teen USA if she had any advice for our readers, she said, ”Don't let anyone change you.Hang out with people that make you feel good about yourself.That way, it is easy to be yourself.“ 6.What do the words ”on cloud nine" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A.frightened B.troubled C.very happy D.very angry 7.Shelley takes her dance teacher as a role model mainly because she is_____.A.determined

B.friendly

C.strict

D.experienced 8.How many children did the Hennigs have according to the text?

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4 9.What did Shelley often do after she became Miss Louisiana Teen?

A.She visited drunken drivers.B.She gave dance performances.C.She made speeches on safe driving.D.She helped other teens with their studies.10.What suggestion does Shelley give to the teens?

A.Be yourself with the support of friends.B.Meet friends whenever possible.C.Go easy on yourself and others.D.Have a good role model.

第四篇：英语能力训练3

英语能力训练3 阅读理解（每小题2分）

A Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential to one’s life.Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.But for many people, the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure.So in spite of all the efforts, they still take no breakfast.Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures could be obtained, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33%—from 8.8 million to 11.7 million—according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America.For those who dislike eating breakfast, however, there is some good news.Several studies in the last few years have shown that, for grown-ups especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting(省略)breakfast.“Going without breakfast does not affect work,” said Arnold E.Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve work.”

Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better work is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not grown-ups.“The literature,” says one researcher, Dr Earnest Polite at the University of Texas, “is poor.” 41.The main idea of the passage is that _______.A.breakfast has nothing to do with people’s health

B.a good breakfast used to be important to us C.breakfast is not as important to us as gasoline to a car D.breakfast is not as important as we thought before 42.For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that _______.A.several studies have been done in the past few years B.the omission of breakfast has little effect on one’s work

C.grown-ups have especially made studies in this field D.eating little in the morning is good for health 43.The underlined part “nor does giving people breakfast improve work” means _______.A.people without breakfast can improve their work B.not giving people breakfast improves work C.having breakfast does not improve work, either D.people having breakfast do improve their work, too

44.The word “literature” in the last sentence refers to _______.A.stories, poems, play, etc

B.written works on a particular subject C.newspaper articles

D.the modern literature of America 45.What is implied but not stated by the author is that _______.A.breakfast does not affect work B.Dr Polite works at an institution of higher learning C.not eating breakfast might affect the health of children D.Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in London

阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。首先请阅读下列关于几次事故描述的短文：

A．A car hit a truck.It flew into the air and landed on its side.Petrol was coming from the car and a small fire was burning near the engine.The driver was not moving and there was a bleeding cut on the leg.There was also a passenger beside him.B．A boy fell through the ice.He disappeared under the water for a moment and then came back up.He screamed for help and waved his hands.He tried to get out of the water, but it was too difficult because he was wearing heavy clothes which were all wet.C．There was smoke everywhere and flames came from some rooms.Many people screamed and ran out of the hotel.But there were still some people who couldn’t get out of the rooms because of the big fire.D．A man was lying on the floor.There was a bottle of pills next to him.I could not tell if he was alive.E．A man received an electric shock.He was lying on the floor, faintly and palely.He breathed rapidly with a fast but weak heartbeat.F．A boy was sitting there and cried loudly.His arm was wounded by the broken glass of the door.It was bleeding badly.He could do nothing but cry with the other hand waving.阅读下面援助人的口述，然后与上文进行匹配：

（）1.Zhang Qiang: I tried to get response of the man and then checked if he was breathing.When I found that he was almost unconscious, I used a gentle way to wake him up and placed him in a recovery position and stayed with him.（）2.Li Hua: I found that he was screaming and holding his leg, because he was in much pain.We put him comfortably on his back and looked at his leg.It was broken.（）3.Xu Xiang: I found that a man was lying on the ground so I pulled him out to a safe place.But I found that he had no breath.Then I tried to start his breathing again, using the mouth-to-mouth.（）4.Zhao Ling: I kept the patient lying down with the legs higher than the head.Then I raised the lower part of the body on a rolled up packet.Make him as comfortable as possible, loosening his tight clothing, and comfort him.（）5.Fang Nan: I walked slowly towards him and tried to pull him out with the help of others.Then I took off my coat and covered him to keep warm.I found that his arm was bleeding.So I put a handkerchief on the wound.

第五篇：反应能力练习(体育)

反应能力练习（体育）

活动目标

1、引导幼儿积极、主动参加体育活动，养成听指挥、守纪律的好习惯。

2、在走、跑、跳等体育活动中训练幼儿的反应能力。

活动准备

长凳四条，哨子一枚，纸板老鼠若干，磁带、录音机、色胶、剪刀、电池等。活动过程

（一）准备部分：

组织幼儿自由站位，听音乐跟着老师做准备活动。

起踵步—双手压手腕—双手前平举扩胸—向后拉臂、前后环臂—双手上引侧腰—腹背运动—活动膝关节—活动踝关节—快速蹲站—高抬腿小跑步

（二）基本部分：

1、通过《闯关》活动，在走、跑、跳等体育活动中训练幼儿的反应能力。

（1）第一关。听哨声信号跟着老师做动作。（A：跟着老师做动作；B：幼儿自由做动作；C：幼儿自由选择走、跑、跳等任何方式按指定方向触物返回。）幼儿自由站位，要求幼儿在听到哨声信号后做出停或继续的动作反应。（一声短哨声动，两声短哨声停）例如：原地踏步、并步右（左）移、单脚站立、后退走、足尖步蹲走、行进跳、行进跑、旋转等。

（2）第二关。听哨声信号沿箭头方向换位置，并同时听语言口令触摸自己身体某一部位。（鼻子、眼睛、脚尖等）幼儿分成四组，分别跨坐与四条长凳上，在听到哨声信号后做出向另一组跑动或不跑动的动作反应。（一声短哨声跑，两声短哨声不跑）

（3）第三关。按固定信号做出逃跑坐位置或抓人的动作反应。（固定信号可由教师规定或让幼儿自由选择哨声、数字、手势、颜色等）幼儿成两列横队面对面站好，选择好本组的固定信号。当听到老师发出信号时，立刻做出逃跑或抓人的动作反应。回位信号：一声长哨声。

2、复习翻跳，要求双手撑直、双脚并跳。

（1）幼儿自由在长凳或线上练习翻跳，教师巡回指导。

（2）游戏《踩老鼠》。

幼儿成两路纵队站在起跑线前，听到哨声信号后各组第一位幼儿同时向前跑去，依次翻跳过四跳长凳后至“老鼠窝”处踩一脚“老鼠”，然后从两旁跑回队伍后。每组幼儿鱼贯进行。

（三）结束部分：（将上图长凳摆成口字型）

1、组织幼儿坐在长凳上跟着音乐做放松运动。

行进甩手臂—行进深呼吸—甩手腕—抖腿—放松大腿—放松小腿等。

2、教师小结。交待课后要求：洗手、喝水、擦汗、换衣服。

《反应能力练习（体育）》