2012专业英语试卷答案

第一篇：2012专业英语试卷答案

学号：_____________ 班级：__________ 姓名：_______________ 专业：__________

湖北医药学院2014-2015学年第 一 学期

专业 12 级本科课程结业考试

《

专业英语 》试卷（A）

I.Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D(40points)1.Which of the following suffixes does not mean “pertaining to”? A.-ic

B.-al

C.-ar

D.-our 2.Which of the following combining forms means cell? A.-cyte

B.cyt/o

C.cel/o

D.both a and b 3.Which of the following forms means tissue? A.erythr/o

B.immun/o

C.hist/o

D.vascul/o 4.An-means ______.A.up

B.down

C.apart

D.without 5.The suffix-itis means _______.A.infammation

B.inflammation

C.inflammazed

D.instrument 6.The combining form of radi/o means _________.A.radar

B.x-ray

C.radio

D.both B and C 7.The instrument for viewing is –scope whereas the instrument for cutting is_____.A.–scopy

B.–tome

C.–meter

D.–graph 8.Which of the following forms refers to “surgical incision of ?” A.–tomy

B.-stomy

C.–tome

D.–ectomy 9.A record of electric wave occurring in the brain is called _______.A.electroencephogram B.electromyogram

C.electrocardiogram

D.electroencephalogram 10.Stethalgia means the pain of chest, which can also be expressed in ____.A.stethodynia

B.thoracalgia

C.thoracodynia

D.all of the above 11.Which of the following forms means fungus? A.my/o

B.myel/o

C.myc/o

D.none of the above 12.The combining form meaning “the skin” is _______.A.dem/o

B.derm/o

C.dermat/o

D.both B and C 13.Which of the following combining vowel means blood vessels ? A.vascul/o

B.angi/o

C.chromat/o

D.Both A and B 14.The term meaning “pertaining to secretion” is _______.A.crinogenic

B.endocrine

C.crinologic

D.endocardial 15.The disease of having too many white blood cells is referred to as _______.A.leukocyte

B.leukemia

C.leukogenesis

D.erythrocyte 16.Inflammation of liver is known in English as ________.A.bronchitis

B.pneumonitis

C.gastritis

D.hepatitis 17.-plasm means _______.A.treatment

B.knowledge

C.diagnosis

D.growth 18.Mammo/o refers to _______.A.mother

B.thymus gland

C.thyroid gland

D.breast 19.Which of the following does not mean “within or in”? A.en-

B.endo-

C.intra-

D.none of the above 20._______ means surgical repair of an organ.A.phag/o

B.–plasm

C.–plasty

D.–pathy

21.Spir/o is a combining form meaning ______.A.see

B.sight

C.breath

D.sport 22.Inflammation of lungs is known as _______.A.pneumonitis

B.pneumonia

C.pulmonitis

D.All of the above 23.Which of the following forms means “protection or safe” ?

A.immun/o

B.lymph/o

C.erythr/o

D.None of the above 24.Cardiopathy means _________.A.heart failure

B.heart disease

C.brain disease

D.skeletal disease 25.Which of the following combining forms does not refer to an organ?

A.hepat/o

B.gastr/o

C.psych/o

D.nephr/o 26.The color of something best expressed in medical terminology is _______.A.chrom/o

B.chromomat/o

C.chramat/o

D.Both A and B 27.Which of the following means “cell”?

A.cyt/o

B.cyst/o

C.–cyte

D.Both A and C 28.Bi-means ______.A.life

B.two

C.across

D.Both A and B 29.The form meaning arteries is ________.A.arter/o

B.arteri/o

C.arthr/o

D.artheri/o 30.The prefix with the meaning of bad is ______.A.mal-

B.dys-

C.polio-

D.Both A and B 31.The flesh is expressed in the combining form of _______.A.top/o

B.ten/o

C.thym/o

D.sarc/o 32.The combining vowel for angitis is ____________.A.a

B.o

C.e

D.i 33.Hypo-means having _______ of something.A.too much or too high

B.too little or too low

C.over

D.below 34.Morph/o means ______.A.many

B.maxillae

C.shape

D.head 35.“Pertaining to nourishment or development” is expressed in _________.A.–tropy

B.–trophy

C.-tropic

D.-trophic 36.The process of recording sth is expressed in _________.A.-graph

B.-gram

C.-graphy

D.-scope 37.The formation of blood is also known as ______.A.hematopoiesis

B.hemopoiesis

C.homopoiesis

D.both A and B 38.Because the strands are readily stained with dyes, they are called_______.A.chromosomes

B.protoplasm

C.cytoplasm

D.chromatin

39.The science that deals with cells on the smallest structural and functional level is called _____.A.biology

B.microbiology

C.homostasis

D.molecular biology 40.An instrument for measuring the cell counts of red blood cells is an _______.A.erythrocyte

B.erythrogenesis

C.erythrocytometer

D.erythrocytograph II.Find the best answer to the following abbreviations.(10 points)41.SARS

A.Serious Acute Respiratary Syndrome

B.Severe Acute Respiration System C.Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

D.Severe Acute Respiratary Syndrome 42.T.B

A.tuberclosis

B.tubercluosis

C.tubaclosis

D.tuberculosis 43.Ig A.immunoglobin

B.immunogloblin

C.immunoglobulin D.immunoglubin 44.RNA A.ribonuclear acid

B.ribonucleic acid

C.ribanucleic acid D.ribonucleic acid 45.USG A.ultrosonograhy

B.ultrasonograhy

C.ultrosonography

D.ultrasonography 46.ECG

58.光纤技术

A.optic fiber technology

B.fiber optic techonology C.fiber optic technology

D.optic fiber techonology 59.肌肉收缩

A.muscle contraction

B.muscular contraction

C..musclar contraction

D.Both A and B 60.血供

A． supply blood

B.blood supply

C.protein molecule

D.extensor IV.Reading Comprehension.(40 points)A.electrocardiogram

B.electrocardiography

C.electroencephogram D.electroencephalogram 47.CT

A.computed tomograhy B.computed tomography C.computerized tomograhy

D.computerized tomography

48.MRI

A.Magnetic resononce image

B.Magnetic resonance image

C.Magnetic resononce imaging D.Magnetic resonance imaging 49.VD

A.varied disease

B.venareal disease

C.venereal disease

D.vocal disease 50.GI

A.gastrointral

B.gastrointervention

C.gastrointestinal

D.gastrointersectional

III.Find the best answer to the following translations.(10 points)51.心血管疾病

A.cardiavasclar disease

B.cardiavascular disease

C.cardiovasclar disease

D.cardiovascular disease 52.随意肌

A.voluntary muscle

B.involuntary muscle

C.smooth muscle

D.cardiac muscle 53 脉冲信号

A.pulse

B.impulse

C.impulsive

D.pulsive 54.转换

A.transformation

B.transaction

C.transmute

D.transmission 55.功能失调

A.malfunction

B.dysfunction

C.maloperation

D.disoperation 56.局部化的感染

A.local infection

B.localized infection

C.local inflammation

D.localized inflammation 57.乐观的预后

A.optimistic pregnosis

B.optimistic prognosis

C.pessimistic pregnosis D.pessimistic prognosis

第二篇：自动化专业英语试卷及答案

2008年秋冬学期研究生专业英语期末考试试卷参考答案 1.Translate the following words or phrases into Chinese ① Metric

度量 收敛 方差 随机 等价 动态方程 判据、评价标准 测量模型

偏微分方程

在概率意义上，依概率 ② Convergence③ Covariance④ Stochastic⑤ Equivalence⑥ Dynamic equation⑦ Criteria⑧ Measurement Model⑨ Partial derivative equation⑩ In the sense of probability

2.Explain the following symbols in English

①  bmthe second order derivative ofb sub m, b

double prime sub m

②

③

④ ABA is equivalent toapproaches aB xiaxi yyx

xthe partial derivative ofwith respective to

a⑤ b

⑥ a‖b

⑦

⑧ 3

f

fintegral between limits b to a a is parallel to the cube root of set aAbXaaAX is contained in b d⑨ abcdedivided by

⑩ e plusminus c multiplied , allequals ,N,s.t aia as ifor any special , there is a respected N,such that

ai

approaches

a

as i approaches



二、Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese Paragraph A[8 Points]

A subset

d(x,y)M

AX

is said to be bounded if there exists

x,yA

MR

such that

for all.The diameter of A is defined to be

supd(x,y)x,yA.A bounded metric space is one for which X itself is bounded.Bounded intervals in R are bounded sets.A discrete metric space is bounded(take

译文：一个子集A

d(x,y)M

M1).X

被称为是有界的，如果存在M

x,yA

R

使得对所有x,y

A

有

。A的半径被定义为supd(x,y)。有界度量空间是指X本

1）

身有界的空间。

在R上有界的区间是一个有界集。离散度量空间是有界的（取M

Paragraph B[8 Points]

In general, it is not required that the reference dynamic model be exactly the same as the truth dynamics or that the modeling parameter

α

be equivalent to the

true modeling vector.This notation is left in place to simplify the derivation of the Kalman filter formulation.A number of innovative approaches have been developed for adapting reference model parameters to improve fidelity(逼真度)with the unknown real-world system model and can be used to enhance filter operation.译文：一般来说，并不需要参考动态模型与实际动态模型完全相同，或模型参数

a

与实际模型矢量相等。这个记号保留下来只是为了简化Kalman 滤波公式的推

导。大量的改进方法也已被开发出来用于调整参考模型的参数使其与未知的实际系统更接近，这些方法也能被用于增强滤波器运行效果。

Paragraph C[8 Points]

It is commonly held among designers of Kalman filters that the implementation of the

formulas listed above represents only a portion of the effort required to develop an accurate and robust Kalman filter application.Once the dynamics, measurements, and partial derivatives have been coded, the task remained is to tune the noise magnitudes represented in the process noise covariance Q and the measurement noise covariance R.While the measurement noise can be based in realistic hardware performance specifications, the process noise is often used as a tuning parameter to ensure that the filter operates correctly.译文：在Kalman 滤波器的设计者中存在着这样一个共识：对上文所列出来的公式的实现只是用于建立一个精确且稳健的Kalman滤波器应用的一部分努力。一旦动态方程、测量方程和偏微分方程被编码，剩下的任务就是调节在过程噪声方差阵Q和测量噪声方差阵R中表示的噪声幅度值的大小。其中测量噪声的调整可可以立足于实际系统的硬件性能指标，过程噪声常常被用于调节一些参数，以保证滤波处理过程正确。

Paragraph D[8 Points]

Suppose now that

X1

is given as a fixed function of the random

X1

variablesy(t0),...,y(t).Then

is itself a random variable and its actual value is

known whenever the actual values ofy(t0),...,y(t)are known.In general, the actual value of

X1(t1)

will be different from the(unknown)actual value of

x1(t1).To arrive

at a rational way of determiningX1, it is natural to assign a penalty or loss for incorrect estimates.Clearly, the loss should be a(i)positive,(ii)nondecreasing function of the estimation error 

x1(t1)X1(t1)

.译文：现在设X1是随机变量y(t0),...,y(t)的确定函数，则X1本身就是一个随机变量，其实际取值只有在y(t0),...,y(t)确定后才能确定。一般地，X1(t1)的实际值将与（未知的）x1(t1)的实际值不同。为了寻找确定X1的一个合理的方法，自然会为不准确的估计赋予一个惩罚或损失。显然，损失应该是估计误差

x1(t1)X

(t1的)

（i）正定、(ii)非递减 函数。

Paragraph E[8 Points]

Definition:A lead/lag compensator is a rational function of the form

RC(s)

K(1s)1s

1

forK,,

R

with 0,1and

K,0

.It is a lead compensator when and a lag compensator when

K(1s)1s

1.译文定义：一个超前/滞后补偿器是一个形如

RC(s)，K,,R，0,1，K,

0的有理函数。当偿器。

1时，它是一个超前补偿器；当1时，它是一个滞后补

三、Try to write an abstract for the following article in about 150 words[20 Points]

TCP/IP Communication for Real-Time and Embedded Systems

（Article deleted here）

Abstract

Using a thermal model of a house as an example, this article describes a method for communicating with other devices via TCP/IP.The method is based on using inexpensive TCP/IP-to-serial-conversion hardware.The real-time system is xPC Target™, a bootable kernel that enables real-time execution of Simulink® models on a separate PC.The target computer is an x86 processor Intel®/AMD® standard PC that can use commercial off-the-shelf input/output interface cards.The connectivity approach described here can be used with any real-time or embedded system that supports serial communication.四、Write an Email to a foreign professor according to following requirements（In about 300 words）

Suppose that you are planning to study for a doctor degree in Sci.abroad, and you have got the email address of a famous professor in your intended studying major in an English speaking country.You have never had any contact with this professor and this is the first time you write to him(her).Now please: Write to this professor;Introduce yourself to him(her);Apply for a studying permission, Convince the

professor that you have a reliable financial support or it is worthy for him(her)to afford you a part time job to improve your financial situation if it is possible.参考：

Dear professor:

Thank you very much for your spending a few minutes reading this letter.The only aim that I write this letter is to apply for an opportunity to study for a doctor’s degree under your supervision.I am a Chinese student.My name is Dongfang Jiang.Now I am studying for my master’s degree in major automation in Northwestern Polytechnical University located in Xi’an, a famous city in the heart section of PR.China.I would graduate in April next year.I am a hard-working student;the appended Resume can help you know more about me and my study.My parents have promised to provide me fundamental financial support for my studying in your country.I also believe that I have the ability to improve my financial situation through taking part time work if it is possible.As I want to get a deeper understand of the advanced development of this science direction(which is exactly what your research field), and hope to do some related research work some day, I hope, my wish can be realized.I am looking forward to your kind reply.Your sincerely

Dongfang JiangNov.20, 2008

第三篇：专业英语答案

UNIT 4

1.土地利用与人类活动密切相关，人们通过利用土地来谋生。

The land use has to do with human activities.Peopleearn their living by using the land.2.衡量人口的指标通常有出生率、死亡率以及人口增长率等。

There are always some indexes such as the birth rate, the death rate and the growth rate to measure the population.3.医疗条件的改善、技术的进步以及人口的迁移导致人口近年来的迅速增长。The improved medical care, the progress of technology and the migration have led to the rapid increase of population in the recent years.4.人口在全球的分布是不均衡的，可以用人口密度来衡量人口分布的情况。The population distributes unevenly around world, which can be measured by the density of population.5有的发展中国家后来发现了其他国家和地区缺少的资源，如石油。他们利用通过石油赚取的财富来发展教育和医疗，结果是许多人的预期寿命大大延长了。Some developing counties in time discovered theresourcessuch as petroleum which are in shortages in the other countries.They use the treasures earned from petroleum to develop education and medical care, resulting in a much longer life expectancy.英语作业：环境问题的根源在于人口增长还是资源的过度消耗？

Which is the cause of the environment problem, population explosion or overuse of resources?

UNIT 5

1.在空中，你可以凭借地面闪烁的灯光将城市与其他地区区别开来。

In the air, you can tell a city from the other regions by the glowing lights on the horizon.2.世界绝大多数的人口都集中分布在城市地区，这是人口分布不均衡的显著特征。

Most of the people in the world densely distribute in the urban areas, which is the distinguished feature of the uneven distribution of p

opulation.3.城市的区位受到很多因素的影响，包括环境、交通、防御以及接近原料和资源产地。

A lot of factors have influenced on the location of a city, including environment, transportation, defense and nearness to resources and raw materials.4.许多古代城市都有城墙来抵御敌人的进攻。近代，由于新式武器的产生，防御对于城市来讲不再像以前那么重要了。

Many ancient cities had walls to protect them against the enemy’s attack.In time, due to the invention of new weapon, defense is less important to cities than it used to.5.世界主要的宗教有基督教、佛教、犹太教和伊斯兰教。宗教对于城市的产生和定位起到了十分重要的影响和作用，形成和发展了像耶路撒冷、梵蒂冈等这样的宗教中心城市。

The major religions are Christianity, Buddhism, Judaism and Islam.The religion made a great difference location of cities, which made and developed the religious center cities such as Vatican and Jerusalem.有第四课和第五课的作业参考答案，给大家看看 吧

第四篇：专业英语试卷B答案

专业英语试卷B答案

I.1.混合经济

2.有限责任公司 3.经济萧条 4.经济危机 5.社会福利 6.法律制度7.自然资源

8.机会成本

9.首席执行官 10.资源配置 II(I)1.One meaning of marketing conjures up the term selling, influencing, persuading.The other meaning of marketing is the concept of sensitivity serving and satisfying human needs.2.All organizations must develop appropriate products to serve their consuming groups and must use modern tools of communication to reach their consuming publics.3.To develop custom loyalties and satisfaction.4.It involves product development, pricing, distribution, and communication;and in the more progressive firms, continuous attention to the changing needs of customers and the development of new products, with product modifications and services to meet these needs.5.Serving and satisfying human needs(II)1.Managers are to get things done by and through others, while other members of an organization are to get things done by themselves.2.These functions include planning, organizing, motivating and controlling.3.In fact, each function has its champions and the mix of the functions will vary from task to task.A wise manager will implement each of the functions in whatever ways will best accomplish the goals of the organization.4.Since all managers work with people, motivating others is an extremely complex process.III ① 它包括产品开发、定价、推销和产品信息交流；在那些观念较新的企业里，营销还包括关注客户需求的不断变化、不断开发新产品，并且不断改进产品、改进服务，以满足客户的需求。②这种营销概念认为，在供应极大丰富的年代，所有商业公司面临的问题是培养客户对产品的忠诚和提高客户的满意度，而这个问题的关键是把注意力集中在客户的需求上。

③所有的机构必须开发对路的产品以满足其消费群体的需求，而且必须运用现代交流工具与其消费群体沟通。商业或非商业机构的管理者面临的选择不是要不要宣传推销的问题，因为没有任何一家公司或企业可以避开营销。他们面临的选择是做的好坏的问题。

④说的更具体一些，一位管理人员如何安排别人把事情做好呢？要回答这个问题，我们需要了解管理工作的职能。这些职能包括计划、组织、动员和检查。

⑤人们常常提出这样的问题：哪一项管理职能最重要？其实，每一项职能都有其重要的作用，任务不同，各种职能综合程度也不同。一位聪明的管理人员为了最出色地实现本单位的目标会灵活地运用各种管理职能。

第五篇：专业英语试卷

1.碱性氧气转炉：basic oxygen furnace2.不锈钢：stainless steel3.氧枪：oxygen lanc

4.高炉：blast furnace5.溅渣护炉：slag splashing6.LF精炼炉：Ladle—Furnace

7.造渣剂：flux8.电弧炉：electric-arc furnace9.焦比：coke rate

10.耐火材料：refractory material

1.随着对高质量钢需求的增加，炉外精炼已成为当今炼钢过程中必不可少的步骤

As the demand for high quality steels increased , post—treatment became a routine step in the production of steel.2.炼钢的原料为铁水、废钢、海绵铁、造渣剂、合金剂和脱氧剂。

The raw materials used for steelmaking are hot metal, steel scrap, sponge iron, slag formers, alloying agents and deoxidizer.3.炉外精炼的任务主要是：脱气，脱碳和去除不必要的非金属夹杂物。

The task of secondary refining are: degassing, decarburization and removing undesirable non-metallics.4.高炉炼铁的主要含铁原料是铁矿石、烧结矿、球团矿。

The major iron-bearing materials are iron ores, sinter and pellet in the blast furnace

5.气体还原法中，还原剂是一氧化碳，氢气或这两种气体的混合物。

Reducing gases are carbon monoxide, hydrogen or mixtures of two in gas reduction process.缸，炉缸四周由碳砖砌筑，底部中心复合砌筑。炉缸底部有一个或多个出铁口，铁水和炉渣从这些铁口排出，铁口的上部是渣口，在现代低渣量操作的情况下，渣口仅在开炉和紧急条件下使用。炉缸上部是炉腹，炉腹角在高炉设计中是一个关键的参数。最宽的部分是炉腰，可以通过各种方法冷却。一般情况下，炉腹和炉身采用陶瓷内衬。

Silica is very stable, once formed, which is not again reduced in any of the basic processes.它们在铁液中不能溶解；第二阶段，它们上升到铁水表面并与加入的石灰形成炉渣，钢液和炉渣可以直接得到氧化反应产生的所有热量。硅能被氧化成二氧化硅并放出热量，二氧化硅加速了渣中石灰的溶解及炉渣的形成进程，释放出的热量可用于熔化废钢。二氧化硅非常稳定，一旦形成，就不会在任何碱性工艺下重新还原。

3.Just as in the case of the hot metal, the slag formers are used to produce a reactionable low viscosity slag capable of absorbing undesired elements.Slag formers are used at all stages of iron and steel production, such as refining, pretreatment, post-treatment, and in steel casting.Slag formers consist of lime, dolomite, fluorspar, etc.Lime(CaO)and dolomite(CaCO3, MgCO3)are the two primary fluxes.Lime is obtained by calcining the carbonate minerals in rotary kilns.As slag formers, a special limitation is that dusty materials must be avoided, since dust is carried off easily by waste gases.就如铁水的（生产）情况一样，使用造渣剂会产生一种反应性好的能吸收杂质元素的低粘度炉渣。在钢铁生产的各个阶段，如精炼阶段、预处理阶段、炉外精炼阶段以及铸钢阶段都使用造渣剂。造渣剂有石灰、白云石、萤石等组成。石灰和白云石是两种主要的造渣剂，石灰可以通过在回转窑内煅烧碳酸盐获得。作为造渣剂要特别注意避免使用粉末状材料，因为废气很容易将粉末带走。

4.RH process is circulation degassing in vacuum chamber.There are two circulation legs under the vacuum chamber and the steel is caused to flow up into evacuated chamber for degassing by the passage of a small but continuous flow of argon gas into one leg of the chamber.Gravity causes it to leave through the other leg and return to the ladle where the outflow creates the adequate degree of circulation.The average circulation rate is usually some 12 ton per min and 20min are required to fully treat a 100 ton ladle of steel.The temperature loss will be 40 to 50℃ for about 40 ton.RH法师循环真空脱气工艺。脱气室下部设有与其相通的两根循环流管，钢液通过一根连续吹氩的管子进入真空室进行脱气。重力的作用又导致钢液从另一根管子离开并返回到钢包中。该工艺的平均循环流速通常是每分钟12t，20min将处理完100t的钢包，而对于大约40t钢包来说温度损失是40~20℃。

5.Copper removal from molten steel to FeS-Na2S slag has been studied at 1853K.The mass percentage(mass Pct)of carbon in steel samples is 0.18.For comparison, the copper removal experiments were also performed in molten iron whose carbon content(mass Pct)is 4.7.It is found that with the same slag composition, the final copper content in molten iron is much lower than that in molten steel, which implies that the copper removal is more effective in molten iron.The analysis suggests that this phenomenon may originate from the high activity coefficient of copper in molten iron, which is caused by the high carbon content.To improve the copper removal effect in molten steel, more slag was added.And the copper removal ratio can reach 48.09% when the weight ratio of slag/steel is 20%.This result may be acceptable for the industrial purpose.(引自“Copper Removal From Molten Steel With FeS-Na2S Slag”，High Temperature Materials and Process Vol.28(2009), No.1-2 pp.67-72)

在1853K条件下，对含有硫化亚铁-硫化钠渣的钢水进行了去除铜的研究。钢样中的碳的质量百分率（质量百分比）为0.18。为了比较，在熔融铁中也进行了去除铜的实验，碳含量（质量百分比）为4.7。结果显示，与相同的炉渣组合物反应，最终的熔融铁中的铜含量远低于钢水，这意味着在熔融铁中脱铜更有效。分析表明，这种现象可能源于铁水中铜的活度系数高，而这又是高碳含量所引起的。为了提高钢水中的铜的去除效果，加入了更多的矿渣。发现当熔渣/钢的重量比为20％，脱铜率可以达到48.09％。该结果可能被工业用途所接受。

shaft furnace.The reducing top gas flows from an outlet pipe into the top-gas scrubber where it is cooled and its dust particles are removed.The largest portion of the top gas is recompressed, enriched with natural gas ,preheated to about 400℃, and piped into the reformer tubes.In the catalyst tubes, the gas mixture is reformed to carbon monoxide and hydrogen.The hot reformed gas is then recycled to the DR furnace.（在气体还原法中，还原剂是一氧化碳，氢气或这两种气体的混合物。它们通常从天然气中获得。天然气中甲烷转化一氧化碳和氢气的反应如下：

竖炉法在气体还原法中起着重要的作用。50%其上的还原过程是在竖炉中进行的。

米德列竖炉自1969年最早建成并投产以来，已发展成为直接还原法的主要形式。最大的米德列竖炉年生产能力达到了80万吨。）这种工艺的主要部分包括：直接还原炉、气体转化炉和气体冷却系统。生产时，还原气通过位于还原带底部的环形风管进入到还原炉内，迎着下降炉料向上运动。固体炉料通过料封管不断从竖炉顶部进入。还原炉的设计使得炉料能够依靠自身的重力作用均匀地通过预热带、还原带、冷却带。冷却后的直接还原铁可以不断地通过炉底料封管排出。冷却气体的流向与竖炉内冷却带炉料的流向相反。从炉顶逸出的气体流向洗涤器，在那里冷却，洗涤除去炉尘。大部分炉顶气体被压缩后与天然气混合预热到约400℃，导入重整管，被重整成一氧化碳和氢气，然后循环到直接还原炉内。