第一篇:自动化专业英语A-答案
浙江工业大学之江学院2010/2011学年 第一学期《自动控制专业英语》期终试卷答案(A)
(考试类型:闭卷)
一、Translate the following words into Chinese(20%)
1.电阻器2.积分3.放大器4.电势5.触发器
6.转换器,换流器,变流器7.晶闸管
8.换向器,整流器9.变压器10.铝
11.激励12.超调13.矢量14.渐近线15.分贝16.带宽17.刺激,激励18.公式化(表达)19.基本原理20.解耦
二、Write English equivalents of the following key word(20%)
1.Passive network2.Integrated circuit
3.Digital electronics technology4.Forward biased5.Transfer function
6.Ordinary differential equation7.Characteristic equation8.Real axis9.Break frequency10.Asymptotically stable
三、Translate the following phrase into Chinese(20%)
1.回路电流2.嵌入式系统3.封锁电流4.串励直流电机5.同步调相机
6.集中参数7.调节时间8.雅可比矩阵 9.性能指标10.步进电机
四、Translate the following sentence into Chinese(30%)
1.就电阻来说,电压——电流的关系由欧姆定律决定。欧姆定律指出:电阻两端的电压等于电
之江学院第 1 页(共 2页)
阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。
2.现在我们将简要地讨论一下这些术语之间的关联,并在此过程中阐明用标示“真”和“假”
来识别一个变量的可能的特殊用途。
3.电力二极管提供不可控的整流电源,这些电源有广泛的应用,如电镀、电极氧化、电池充电、焊接、交直流电源和变频驱动。
4.每种类型的电动机由于其基本电路的不同而具有不同的特征和物理特性。
5.在城市和其它地区,明线存在安全隐患或被认为影响美观,所以使用绝缘的地下电缆进行配
电。
6.飞行员的反应速度太慢,如果不附加阻尼偏航系统,飞行员就无法通过轻微阻尼的侧倾转向
方式来驾驶飞机。
7.这张表向水平(向右)垂直(向下)方向延伸,直到得到的都是为零为止。
8.....当任意单一参数,如增益或时间常数,从零变化到无穷时。
9.对应于后面的一次和二次滞后的超前环节也是这样。
10.从易于处理的简单近似模型到实际一些的模型的转换存在两方面问题。
五、Translate the following paragraph into Chinese(10%,字迹潦草扣1-2
分;关键词译错一个扣1分)
一台装置(或系统)如果能找到一个无约束控制矢量u(t)在有限的时间间隔内将任意初始状态x(t0)转化为任意其它状态x(t),则这台装置(或系统)是完全可控的。因为状态完全能控性不一定意味着输出的完全可控,而且反之亦然,所以输出完全能控性以类似的方式单独定义。如果可从有限的时间间隔内的输出c(t)的信息中确定状态x(t),则装置是完全可观的。
之江学院第 2 页(共 2页)
第二篇:自动化专业英语试卷及答案
2008年秋冬学期研究生专业英语期末考试试卷参考答案 1.Translate the following words or phrases into Chinese ① Metric
度量 收敛 方差 随机 等价 动态方程 判据、评价标准 测量模型
偏微分方程
在概率意义上,依概率 ② Convergence③ Covariance④ Stochastic⑤ Equivalence⑥ Dynamic equation⑦ Criteria⑧ Measurement Model⑨ Partial derivative equation⑩ In the sense of probability
2.Explain the following symbols in English
① bmthe second order derivative ofb sub m, b
double prime sub m
②
③
④ ABA is equivalent toapproaches aB xiaxi yyx
xthe partial derivative ofwith respective to
a⑤ b
⑥ a‖b
⑦
⑧ 3
f
fintegral between limits b to a a is parallel to the cube root of set aAbXaaAX is contained in b d⑨ abcdedivided by
⑩ e plusminus c multiplied , allequals ,N,s.t aia as ifor any special , there is a respected N,such that
ai
approaches
a
as i approaches
二、Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese Paragraph A[8 Points]
A subset
d(x,y)M
AX
is said to be bounded if there exists
x,yA
MR
such that
for all.The diameter of A is defined to be
supd(x,y)x,yA.A bounded metric space is one for which X itself is bounded.Bounded intervals in R are bounded sets.A discrete metric space is bounded(take
译文:一个子集A
d(x,y)M
M1).X
被称为是有界的,如果存在M
x,yA
R
使得对所有x,y
A
有
。A的半径被定义为supd(x,y)。有界度量空间是指X本
1)
身有界的空间。
在R上有界的区间是一个有界集。离散度量空间是有界的(取M
Paragraph B[8 Points]
In general, it is not required that the reference dynamic model be exactly the same as the truth dynamics or that the modeling parameter
α
be equivalent to the
true modeling vector.This notation is left in place to simplify the derivation of the Kalman filter formulation.A number of innovative approaches have been developed for adapting reference model parameters to improve fidelity(逼真度)with the unknown real-world system model and can be used to enhance filter operation.译文:一般来说,并不需要参考动态模型与实际动态模型完全相同,或模型参数
a
与实际模型矢量相等。这个记号保留下来只是为了简化Kalman 滤波公式的推
导。大量的改进方法也已被开发出来用于调整参考模型的参数使其与未知的实际系统更接近,这些方法也能被用于增强滤波器运行效果。
Paragraph C[8 Points]
It is commonly held among designers of Kalman filters that the implementation of the
formulas listed above represents only a portion of the effort required to develop an accurate and robust Kalman filter application.Once the dynamics, measurements, and partial derivatives have been coded, the task remained is to tune the noise magnitudes represented in the process noise covariance Q and the measurement noise covariance R.While the measurement noise can be based in realistic hardware performance specifications, the process noise is often used as a tuning parameter to ensure that the filter operates correctly.译文:在Kalman 滤波器的设计者中存在着这样一个共识:对上文所列出来的公式的实现只是用于建立一个精确且稳健的Kalman滤波器应用的一部分努力。一旦动态方程、测量方程和偏微分方程被编码,剩下的任务就是调节在过程噪声方差阵Q和测量噪声方差阵R中表示的噪声幅度值的大小。其中测量噪声的调整可可以立足于实际系统的硬件性能指标,过程噪声常常被用于调节一些参数,以保证滤波处理过程正确。
Paragraph D[8 Points]
Suppose now that
X1
is given as a fixed function of the random
X1
variablesy(t0),...,y(t).Then
is itself a random variable and its actual value is
known whenever the actual values ofy(t0),...,y(t)are known.In general, the actual value of
X1(t1)
will be different from the(unknown)actual value of
x1(t1).To arrive
at a rational way of determiningX1, it is natural to assign a penalty or loss for incorrect estimates.Clearly, the loss should be a(i)positive,(ii)nondecreasing function of the estimation error
x1(t1)X1(t1)
.译文:现在设X1是随机变量y(t0),...,y(t)的确定函数,则X1本身就是一个随机变量,其实际取值只有在y(t0),...,y(t)确定后才能确定。一般地,X1(t1)的实际值将与(未知的)x1(t1)的实际值不同。为了寻找确定X1的一个合理的方法,自然会为不准确的估计赋予一个惩罚或损失。显然,损失应该是估计误差
x1(t1)X
(t1的)
(i)正定、(ii)非递减 函数。
Paragraph E[8 Points]
Definition:A lead/lag compensator is a rational function of the form
RC(s)
K(1s)1s
1
forK,,
R
with 0,1and
K,0
.It is a lead compensator when and a lag compensator when
K(1s)1s
1.译文定义:一个超前/滞后补偿器是一个形如
RC(s),K,,R,0,1,K,
0的有理函数。当偿器。
1时,它是一个超前补偿器;当1时,它是一个滞后补
三、Try to write an abstract for the following article in about 150 words[20 Points]
TCP/IP Communication for Real-Time and Embedded Systems
(Article deleted here)
Abstract
Using a thermal model of a house as an example, this article describes a method for communicating with other devices via TCP/IP.The method is based on using inexpensive TCP/IP-to-serial-conversion hardware.The real-time system is xPC Target™, a bootable kernel that enables real-time execution of Simulink® models on a separate PC.The target computer is an x86 processor Intel®/AMD® standard PC that can use commercial off-the-shelf input/output interface cards.The connectivity approach described here can be used with any real-time or embedded system that supports serial communication.四、Write an Email to a foreign professor according to following requirements(In about 300 words)
Suppose that you are planning to study for a doctor degree in Sci.abroad, and you have got the email address of a famous professor in your intended studying major in an English speaking country.You have never had any contact with this professor and this is the first time you write to him(her).Now please: Write to this professor;Introduce yourself to him(her);Apply for a studying permission, Convince the
professor that you have a reliable financial support or it is worthy for him(her)to afford you a part time job to improve your financial situation if it is possible.参考:
Dear professor:
Thank you very much for your spending a few minutes reading this letter.The only aim that I write this letter is to apply for an opportunity to study for a doctor’s degree under your supervision.I am a Chinese student.My name is Dongfang Jiang.Now I am studying for my master’s degree in major automation in Northwestern Polytechnical University located in Xi’an, a famous city in the heart section of PR.China.I would graduate in April next year.I am a hard-working student;the appended Resume can help you know more about me and my study.My parents have promised to provide me fundamental financial support for my studying in your country.I also believe that I have the ability to improve my financial situation through taking part time work if it is possible.As I want to get a deeper understand of the advanced development of this science direction(which is exactly what your research field), and hope to do some related research work some day, I hope, my wish can be realized.I am looking forward to your kind reply.Your sincerely
Dongfang JiangNov.20, 2008
第三篇:自动化专业英语
1)the parameterization of the0controller0isC=X+MQ/Y-NQ。where N,M are right coprime factors of P,X,Y satisfy NX+MY=1,Q∈RH∞
2)According to the right coprime factorization of P, N=,M=,X=,Y=By the performance of the closed-loop system
N(0)[X(0)+M(0)Q(0)]=1 N(10j)[Y(10j)-N(10j)Q(10j)]=0,So take Q in the form Q(s)=x1+x2·1/s+1+x3·1/(x+
1)²
we can get the solution of Q。x1=,x2=,x3=,Q=Finally,the controller is C=
步骤:S=1-λ/λ代人 P(λ)=λ²/6λ²-5λ+1
X=-q2/r2 ,y=1+q1q2/r2 λ=1/s﹢1
N(S)=1/(s+1)²
M(s)=(s-1)(s-2)/(s+1)² X(s)=19s-11/s+1Y(s)=s+6/s+1
C=X+MQ/Y-NQ
N(0)[X(0)+M(0)Q(0)]=1 N(10j)[Y(10j)-N(10j)Q(10j)]=0
Q(0)=6,Q(10j)=-94+70j Q(s)=x1+x2·1/s+1+x3·1/(x+
1)²
x1=-79 x2=-723 x3=808 Q(s)=(-79s²-881s+6)/(s+1)²C(s)=[-60s4-598s32
2+2515s-1794s+1]/[s(s+100)(s+9)]
A control system is stable if the number of encirclements of the(-1,0)point by the GH plot is equal to the number of poles of GH with positive real parts.The direction of encirclement must be in a direction opposite to τs.GH is on open loop transfer function.τs is open right half of s-plane.一个控制系统是稳定的数量是否包围的(1,0)点的GH图的数量相等的两极与积极的真实部分GH。被包围的方向都必须在一个τs的相反方向。
“GH”是在开环传递函数上。τs在s-plane的右半平面开放。
二.The process of designing a control system generally involves many steps.A typical scenario is as follows:
1.Study the system to be controlled and decide what types of sensors and actuators will be used and where they will be placed.2.Model the resulting system to be controlled.3.Simplify the model if necessary so that it is tractable.4.Analyze the resulting model;determine its properties.5.Decide on performance specifications.6.Decide on the type of controller to be used.7.Design a controller to meet the specs, if possible;if not, modify the specs or generalize the type of controller sought.8.Simulate the resulting controlled system, either on a computer or in a pilot plant.9.Repeat from step 1 if necessary.10.Choose hardware and software and implement the controller.11.Tune the controller on-line if necessary.r.reference or command inputvsensor outputuactuating signal, plant inputdexternal disturbanceyplant output and measured signaln.sensor noise
第四篇:辽工大电气自动化《专业英语》答案
单词:
current电流 voltage电压 variable变量 charge 电荷 resistor电阻 capacitor电容inductor 电感 generator发电机
independent source独立源 dependent source受控源 controlled source受控源 linear resistor线性电阻
voltage-current characteristic伏安特性 short circuit短路 open circuit开路 conductance电导 network网络 node节点 mesh网孔
mesh analysis网孔分析 time domain时域
phasor diagram相量图 frequency domain频域 amplitude振幅,幅度 impedance阻抗
electronics电子学,电子仪器 digital数字的 analog模拟
transducer传感器 excitation激励,激发 binary二进制的 amplifier放大器 resolution分辨率
operational amplifier运算放大器 difference amplifier差动放大器 semiconductor半导体 winding绕组
transformer变压器 interface接口 duty ratio功率比 inverter逆变器 step pulse阶跃脉冲
induction machine感应电机 exciting voltage励磁电压 prime mover原动机
induction generator感应(异步)发电机synchronous machine同步发电机 field winding励磁绕组
Y-connected windings星形连接绕组 turbine generator涡轮发电机 lead导线
flux通量,磁力线 transformer变压器
primary winding一次绕组 secondary winging二次绕组 reluctance磁阻 instruction 指令 document文件
audio signal声频信号,音频信号 program程序 keyboard键盘 software软件
central processing unit中央处理单元 workstation工作站 server服务器 client客户
microcomputer微型计算机 desktop computer台式计算机 notebook computer笔记本电脑 handheld computer掌上电脑 mouse鼠标 sound card声卡 modem调制解调器
operating system操作系统 serial processing串行处理 parallel processing并行处理 discharge放电
megabytes(MB)兆字节 install安装 setup安装
update更新,修改 adapter适配器
computer language计算机语言 high-level language高级语言 compiler编译程序 interpreter解释程序
system software系统软件 application software应用软件 bootstrap program引导程序 date base数据库
coaxial cable同轴电缆 fiber-optic cable光缆 microwave微波 infrared红外线的 broadband宽带 narrowband窄带
electric power system电力系统 fuse保险丝熔断器
transmission line输电线路
interconnection互相连接,互联
power system protection电力系统保护 circuit breaker断路器
electromechanical relay电磁继电器 protective relay保护继电器 thermal relay热继电器
rectifier bridge relay整流桥型继电器 electronic relay电子继电器
open-loop control system开环控制系统 closed-loop control system闭环控制系统选择题: 1.1
1.It is conventional(positive charges)2.Electric current is(amperes)3.The energy required(voltage)4.The plus(+)and(voltage polarity)5.According to the(absorbed)1.2
1.An independent voltage(two-terminal element)2.Resistors are(passive)
3.An ideal dependent(active)4.There are(four)
5.For a voltage(current)1.3
1.The circuit element(the resistor)
2.Ohm’s Law states(directly proportional to)3.A resistor whose(a nonlinear resistor)4.(An open circuit)is a circuit 5.An electric heater(12Ω)1.4
1.Kirchhoff’s Laws are(topology of the network)2.Kirchhoff’s Current Law can(two ways)
3.Kirchhoff’s Current Law is(the law of conservation of charge)
4.Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law(the law of conservation of energy)
5.The algebraic sum(zero)1.5
1.Nodal analysis is(KCL, KVL)2.(Nodal analysis)method is 3.For a circuit(N-1)4.The potential at(zero)
5.Mesh analysis applies(KVL, mesh)1.6
1.The voltage across(90°)2.The voltage across(90°)3.If in an(100∠100°)4.The three-phase(four)
5.The three voltages(balanced three-phase voltages)2.1
1.The voltage produced(an analog)2.ON-OFF information(a digital)3.A device that(A/D)
4.The thermocouple pair(voltage)5.A D/A is(analog form)2.2
1.Any algebraic combination(two)
2.According to the(multiplication, addition)3.The commutative rule(the order)4.The associative rule(the validity)5.The relation A+(identity)2.3
1.The process of(analog-to-digital conversion)2.(A temperature transducer)is a device 3.The precision and(incompatible)
4.The precision of(the number of binary bits)5.In Fig.2-4 the(two)2.4
1.At one time,(analog computer)2.After the invention(solid-state)
3.If the operational(a very small voltage difference)4.The wide application(negative feedback networks)5.The useful range(80)3.1
1.The switching losses(the off-state losses)2.The typical power(0.7V)
3.The power transistors,(high reverse)4.The rate of(power losses)3.2
1.The DC-DC converter(direct current, direct current)2.The Buck is(current step-up)3.The PWM control(pulse width)
4.The gain of(the input dc source, the output voltage)3.3
1.High power inverters(three-phase type)2.The output of(sinusoidal voltage)
3.The constant speed(ac voltage sink load)4.Voltage source inverters(inductive loads)5.Output amplitude in(pulse-width)4.1
1.The thumb is(the relative motion of conductor)2.In induction motors(never reaches)4.Form-wound coils(large AC)4.2
1.When a induction(600)2.If the difference(smaller)
3.The electric machine(generating)4.The breakdown torque(maximum)4.3
1.The speed of(the frequency of the current)2.The field winding(a DC)
3.The cylindrical rotor(high-speed steam-turbine-driven generators)
4.The turbine generators(3600-rpm)5.The field current(an exciter)4.4
1.A transformer is(a magnetic field)
2.The primary winding(the power source)3.The core construction(shell form)
4.The transformer that(distribution transformer)5.Copper losses are(resistive)5.1
1.A computer works(a series of stored instructions)2.A keyboard or(an input)
3.The computer network(a local area network)4.A computer that(client)5.A hard disk(a storage)5.2
1.Logical operations are(the ALU)2.The 16-bit(sixteen bits)
3.A microprocessor accesses(more rapidly than)4.Data stored in(permanently disappears)5.The basic information(CMOS)5.3
1.(A network card)is used to 2.(AGP slots)are primarily used 3.The notebook computers(LCDs)4.Image clarity on(dot pitch)
5.(A dot matrix printer)printer uses a5.4
1.(A support module)can be used
2.A computer’s microprocessor(machine language)3.Delphi belongs to(high-level programming language)4.An operating system(system software)
5.(The file management system)allocates and 5.5
1.Twisted-pair cables(four)2.(Fiber-optic cables)do not
3.The transmission capacity(broader)4.(A modem)converts the signals 5.(A router)that connects at 翻译: 6
The modern society 现代社会比以前更加依赖于电力供应。
Electric power systems 电力系统(或电能系统),已经变成工业社会必不可少的部分,它提供电能给现代社会。
The first complete 第一个完整的电力系统(包括有发电机、电缆、保险丝、电表和负载)被托马斯爱迪生建立,它于1882年的9月在纽约城历史上的珍珠街站开始,这是一个直流系统,包括有一个蒸汽机驱动的直流电动机提供电能给方圆1.5公里内的59个消费者。
Voltage levels can 在交流系统中,电压能够很容易被传输,因而为生产、传输和消耗的不同电压的使用提供了灵活性。
The first three-phase 第一个三相传输线于1893年在北美投入使用,它位于南加利弗里亚州2300V12km的传输线。
Eventually 最终在北美60Hz被采用为标准频率,尽管50Hz在其它国家已被使用。
To avoid the 为了避免电压不受限制的数值增升,工业上已经标准化了电压水平。
With the development 随着交流/直流转换设备的开发,高压直流传输系统在一些特殊情况已经变得更加具有吸引力和更加节约了。
The basic requirement 电力系统的最基本的需求是提供给消费者具有可接受的电压和频率的不间断的能源。7
The steady state 电力系统的稳态操作,常常被各种电气设备上各种各样的故障打断。
To maintain the为了维护电力系统的正确操作,有影响、有效的、可靠地保护方案是必需的。
Power system components 电力系统元件被设计成在正常操作坏境下操作。然而,由于任何原因,所说的故障在这是一个异常,应该有一个能够检测这些异常情况的设备是必须的,如果是这样,发生异常的元件或器件被移除,比如说尽可能快的从系统的剩余部分删除它们。
The protection scheme保护方案包括有保护继电器和开关电路,比如说断路器。充当大脑功能的保护继电器是一个非常重要的部件。保护继电器是一个检测设备,它检测故障、确定故障的位置,通过关闭跳闸线圈,发送命令给正确的断路器,从保护继电器获得命令的断路器,仅断开出错的元件,这就是为什么保护继电器为什么是可靠地可维护的和可操作的快速的。This relay 这种继电器,它仍被在使用中,拥有几个重要的特性,比如说比较高的速度,对给定电力输入的比较高的扭矩和更加一致的扭矩。
With the discovery of solid 在上世纪50年代期间,随着固态软件的发现,具有无数优点的静态继电器被开发出来了。
Now the microprocessor 现在基于微处理器和小型计算机的继电方案已经被广泛的使用到世界各地的电力系统中,因为它有无数个优点,比如说自检特性和灵活性。
The overall system 整个系统保护被分成为下列部分:发电机保护、变压器保护、母线保护、反馈线路保护、传输线保护。
Any protection scheme 任何保护方案,基本包括2个部分,它被要求以保障电力系统部件能够抵制异常情况,比如说:继电器保护、断路器保护。
Since faults on a well designed 由于好的设计和健全的系统故障常常是稀少的,继电器仅仅偶尔被用来操作,这就是意味着继电方案通常是理想的,而且只要有故障发生时必须操作,换句话说,它必须是可靠的。Since the reliability 由于可靠性部分依赖于维护,因此继电器必须是容易维护的。
The maloperation of 继电器的误操作可以有两种方式。
Relaying scheme must 继电器方案必须是足够敏感的,以便于区别是正常系统还是故障系统。8.1
In fossil fuel
在化石燃料电厂,煤、石油、或者天然气是在燃烧室中燃烧,燃烧的产品加热水,水被转化成水蒸气,水蒸气驱动机械上与发电机相连的涡轮机。
Coal is taken 煤从仓库中取出,被送到磨煤机与预加热的空气混合,混合物被吹进燃烧室,在那里它被燃烧,烧热室包括一个有管子和被称为蒸发器的合成器,通过蒸发器水被吸进来,在过程中水温上升,直到水蒸发变成水蒸气,水蒸气传过来送到涡轮机,燃烧的气体(烟气),通过机械或电气的除尘器,烟气在被释放到烟囱之前,多达99%的固体颗粒灰尘,被吸尘器移除。
The net efficiency 火力发电厂的净效率通常小于40%被转化成电能(例如,煤的化学能不足40%被转化成电能)。尽管这个数据与工厂的大约30%的平均值相比较还算好一些,超过60%的化石燃料能量被转化成无用的热量。
为了提高效率和节约初级能源,热电能供电系统已被使用很长时间了,在那儿为工业应用和空间加热的电能和水蒸气(或者是热水)同时被产生。在这样的系统里,整个能量效率据说被提高60%至65%。
Some problem associated与火力发电厂相关的使用问题是煤的挖掘和传输带来的安全隐患和其他社会代价,火力发电厂与其他类型的化石燃料发电厂共同承担环境问题,它们包括有酸雨和温室效应。
8.2
In contrast to 水力发电厂与热电厂不同,水力发电厂的能源是从下落的水中获得,这样的电厂输出能量直接与水的流速参量相关联,用每秒立方米来测量水落下通过的距离被水头的米数来测量和一些合适的常量。8.3
Controlled nuclear 可控核裂变是核电站的能量的来源,在裂变过程中通过反应堆传输到冷却液的热量被产生,水是最普通的冷却液,但是气体、有机复合物、液态金属和熔化物的盐也可以作为冷却剂。
In USA 在美国,有两种通用的类型,共同的被称之为亲水反应堆(以便于和使用“重水”区分),它们是沸水反应堆和压水反应堆,两者均使用水作为冷却剂。9
The successful operation 太空交通工具,太空飞船,太空站和可重构的飞行控制系统的成功操作依赖于使用在这些探险事业的大量控制系统的正确操作。For a given 对一个励磁电流的给定值,一个必须的电压值被应用到电刷上以产生电机速度的期望值。Systems in which the output quantity 这种输出量对输入量没有影响的系统被称为开环控制系统。
Systems in which the output has 这样的输出量对输入量有直接影响的系统被称之为闭环控制系统。Comparison between the 参考输入和反馈信号两者之间进行比较,差值作为激励信号。
The fundamental difference 开环控制系统和闭环控制系统之间的最根本的区别是反馈行为,这个反馈可以是连续的或者是断续的。
This rapid growth 反馈控制系统的快速增长是被计算机的同样快速发展和广泛使用加速的。
The control theory 上个世纪五十年代末发展起来的控制理论可以被分类为经典控制理论,它被有效的应用到许多控制设计问题中,特别是单输入单输出系统,从那时开始,控制理论已经被发展成为更复杂的系统和多输入多输出系统的设计。
Hall and Harris appliedHall和Harris应用频率响应分析法到反馈系统的研究中,这种方法加快了控制理论作为一个整体的发展。
Laplace transform theory 拉普拉斯变换理论和网络理论也加入到根轨迹的计算中。
Depending upon the 根据已知因素和控制系统问题的简单性或复杂性,设计者可以单独使用一种方法或几种方法的组合。
第五篇:自动化专业英语中英对照
自动化专业英语中英文对照 retarding torque 制动转矩
inductive component 感性(无功)分量 abscissa axis 横坐标
induction generator 感应发电机
synchronous generator 同步发电机automatic station 无人值守电站hydropower station 水电站
process of self – excitation 自励过程auxiliary motor 辅助电动机
technical specifications 技术条件voltage across the terminals 端电压steady – state condition 瞬态 暂态reactive in respect to 相对….呈感性active in respect to 相对….呈阻性synchronous condenser 同步进相(调相)机
coincide in phase with 与….同相synchronous reactance 同步电抗algebraic 代数的algorithmic 算法的biphase 双相的bilateral circuit 双向电路bimotored 双马达的corridor 通路
shunt displacement current 旁路位移电流
leakage 泄漏
lightning shielding 避雷harmonic 谐波的insulator string 绝缘子串neutral 中性的zero sequence current 零序电流sinusoidal 正弦的square平方
corona 电晕,放电bypass 旁路
voltmeter 电压表ammeter 电流表micrometer 千分尺thermometer 温度计watt-hour meter 电度表wattmeter 电力表private line 专用线路diameter 直径centimeter 厘米
restriking 电弧再触发magnitude 振幅oscillation 振荡auxiliary 辅助的protective gap 保护性间隙放电receptacle 插座
lightning arrester 避雷装置bushing 套管trigger 起动装置stress 应力
deterioration 损坏,磨损spark gap 火花放电隙traveling-wave 行波
wye-connected 星形连接enclosure 设备外壳live conductor 带电导体fuse 熔断器
structural 结构上的out-of-step 不同步的resynchronize 再同步synchroscops 同步指示器
automatic oscillograph 自动示波器nominally 标称sampling 采样
potential transformer 电压互感器fraction 分数
switchyard 户外配电装置hazard 危险bushing 高压套contact 触点
energize 励磁trip coil 跳闸线圈
over-current relay 过电流继电器armature 衔铁
pickup current 始动电流release current 释放电流solenoid relay 螺管式继电器
induction-disc relay 感应圆盘式继电器cast-aluminum rotor 铸铝转子bronze 青铜horsepower 马力random-wound 散绕insulation 绝缘
ac motor 交流环电动机end ring 端环alloy 合金
inverse time relay 反时限继电器hydraulic 液力的dashpot 阻尼器pneumatic 气动的permanent magnet 永磁体electrical stressing 电气应力mechanical stressing 机械应力deviation 偏差
third harmonic voltage 三次谐波电压induction machine 感应式电机horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁magnetic field 磁场eddy current 涡流
right-hand rule 右手定则left-hand rule 左手定则slip 转差率
induction motor 感应电动机rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场winding 绕组stator 定子rotor 转子
induced current 感生电流time-phase 时间相位
exciting voltage 励磁电压solt 槽
lamination 叠片
laminated core 叠片铁芯short-circuiting ring 短路环squirrel cage 鼠笼rotor core 转子铁芯coil winding 线圈绕组form-wound 模绕
performance characteristic 工作特性frequency 频率
revolutions per minute 转/分motoring 电动机驱动generating 发电
per-unit value 标么值
breakdown torque 极限转矩breakaway force 起步阻力overhauling 检修
wind-driven generator 风动发电机revolutions per second 转/秒number of poles 极数
speed-torque curve 转速力矩特性曲线plugging 反向制动
synchronous speed 同步转速percentage 百分数
locked-rotor torque 锁定转子转矩full-load torque 满载转矩prime mover 原动机
inrush current 涌流magnetizing reacance 磁化电抗
line-to-neutral 线与中性点间的staor winding 定子绕组leakage reactance 漏磁电抗no-load 空载full load 满载
Polyphase 多相(的)iron-loss 铁损
complex impedance 复数阻抗rotor resistance 转子电阻leakage flux 漏磁通locked-rotor 锁定转子chopper circuit 斩波电路separately excited 他励的compounded 复励dc motor 直流电动机de machine 直流电机speed regulation 速度调节shunt 并励series 串励
armature circuit 电枢电路optical fiber 光纤interoffice 局间的waveguide 波导 波导管bandwidth 带宽
light emitting diode 发光二极管silica 硅石 二氧化硅
regeneration 再生, 后反馈放大coaxial 共轴的,同轴的high-performance 高性能的carrier 载波mature 成熟的Single Side Band(SSB)单边带coupling capacitor 结合电容propagate 传导 传播modulator 调制器demodulator 解调器line trap 限波器shunt 分路器
Amplitude Modulation(AM 调幅
Frequency Shift Keying(FSK)移频键控
tuner 调谐器attenuate 衰减incident 入射的two-way configuration 二线制generator voltage 发电机电压dc generator 直流发电机
polyphase rectifier 多相整流器boost 增压
time constant 时间常数
forward transfer function 正向传递函数
error signal 误差信号regulator 调节器
stabilizing transformer 稳定变压器time delay 延时
direct axis transient time constant 直轴瞬变时间常数
transient response 瞬态响应solid state 固体buck 补偿
operational calculus 算符演算gain 增益pole 极点
feedback signal 反馈信号dynamic response 动态响应
voltage control system 电压控制系统mismatch 失配
error detector 误差检测器excitation system 励磁系统field current 励磁电流transistor 晶体管high-gain 高增益boost-buck 升压去磁
feedback system 反馈系统reactive power 无功功率feedback loop 反馈回路
automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自动电压调整器
reference Voltage 基准电压magnetic amplifier 磁放大器amplidyne 微场扩流发电机self-exciting 自励的limiter 限幅器
manual control 手动控制block diagram 方框图linear zone 线性区
potential transformer 电压互感器stabilization network 稳定网络stabilizer 稳定器
air-gap flux 气隙磁通saturation effect 饱和效应saturation curve 饱和曲线flux linkage 磁链per unit value 标么值shunt field 并励磁场magnetic circuit 磁路
load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线air-gap line 气隙磁化线
polyphase rectifier 多相整流器circuit components 电路元件
circuit parameters 电路参数electrical device 电气设备electric energy 电能primary cell 原生电池
energy converter 电能转换器conductor 导体
heating appliance 电热器direct-current 直流
time invariant 时不变的self-inductor 自感mutual-inductor 互感the dielectric 电介质storage battery 蓄电池
e.m.f = electromotive fore 电动势unidirectional current 单方向性电流circuit diagram 电路图
load characteristic 负载特性terminal voltage 端电压
external characteristic 外特性conductance 电导volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡ideal source 理想电源internal resistance 内阻
active(passive)circuit elements 有(无)源电路元件
leakage current 漏电流circuit branch 支路
P.D.= potential drop 电压降potential distribution 电位分布
r.m.s values = root mean square values 均方根值
effective values 有效值
steady direct current 恒稳直流电
sinusoidal time function 正弦时间函数complex number 复数
Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标系modulus 模real part 实部
imaginary part 虚部
displacement current 位移电流
trigonometric transformations 瞬时值epoch angle 初相角
phase displacement 相位差signal amplifier 小信号放大器mid-frequency band 中频带
bipolar junction transistor(BJT)双极性晶体管
field effect transistor(FET)场效应管electrode 电极 电焊条polarity 极性gain 增益
isolation 隔离 分离 绝缘 隔振emitter 发射管 放射器 发射极collector 集电极base 基极
self-bias resistor 自偏置电阻triangular symbol 三角符号
phase reversal 反相
infinite voltage gain 无穷大电压增益feedback component 反馈元件differentiation 微分integration 积分下限impedance 阻抗fidelity 保真度
summing circuit 总和线路 反馈系统中的比较环节
Oscillation 振荡inverse 倒数admittance 导纳transformer 变压器turns ratio 变比 匝比ampere-turns 安匝(数)mutual flux 交互(主)磁通vector equation 向(相)量方程power frequency 工频
capacitance effect 电容效应induction machine 感应电机shunt excited 并励series excited 串励separately excited 他励self excited 自励
field winding 磁场绕组 励磁绕组speed-torque characteristic 速度转矩特性
dynamic-state operation 动态运行salient poles 凸极excited by 励磁field coils 励磁线圈
air-gap flux distribution 气隙磁通分布direct axis 直轴
armature coil 电枢线圈
rotating commutator 旋转(整流子)换向器
commutator-brush combination 换向器-电刷总线
mechanical rectifier 机械式整流器armature m.m.f.wave 电枢磁势波Geometrical position 几何位置magnetic torque 电磁转矩spatial waveform 空间波形
sinusoidal – density wave 正弦磁密度
external armature circuit 电枢外电路instantaneous electric power 瞬时电功率
instantaneous mechanical power 瞬时机械功率
effects of saturation 饱和效应reluctance 磁阻
power amplifier 功率放大器compound generator 复励发电机rheostat 变阻器
self – excitation process 自励过程commutation condition 换向状况
cumulatively compounded motor 积复励电动机
operating condition 运行状态
equivalent T – circuit T型等值电路rotor(stator)winding 转子(定子绕组)winding loss 绕组(铜)损耗prime motor 原动机
active component 有功分量reactive component 无功分量electromagnetic torque 电磁转矩