第一篇：自动化专业英语4.1
（中间几段没修改）
4.1 Fields , Circuits And Circuit Parameters
Potential and Potential Difference
Electric charge is as fundamental a constituent of our Universe as the mass and energy.Indeed ,present physical theory supposes that all matter consists of particles ,the principal attributes of which are mass and electric charge.4.1场，电路和电路参数
势和电位差
电荷是基本的组成为我们的宇宙物质和能量。事实上，目前的物理理论假设，所有的物质粒子组成，其中的主要属性是质量和电荷。
Two kinds of charge are know ,arbitrarily designated positive and negative ,which are characterized by the experimental observation that ,understatic conditions ,separated like charges exert a mutual force of repulsion ,whilst unlike charges ,under similar conditions ,exert a force of attraction.Under these conditions the field of force associated with charge is referred to as an electric field
两种已知的，被任意指定为正和负的电荷，通过实验观察表现出的特征是，它们在静态条件下，分开的同类电荷受到一个相互排斥的作用力，同时，不同类的电荷，在相同条件下，受到一个吸引的作用力。在这种情况下，与电荷有关的力场被称为电场。
The smallest known charge is that of a single electron, and, since this is much too small to adopt as a unit for all but a few special purposes ,a unit, the COULOMB, equal to 6.24*electrons ,has been chosen as the practiced(S.I.)unit.已知最小的电荷是单电子，因为单电子太小了而不采用它作为一个单位，除了个别特殊的目的外。所以引用了另一个单位库伦，一库伦等于6.24*个电子。被选为国际标准单位(SI)。
the magnitude of which is dependent upon the charges and their relative positions.As a consequence of their mutual forces, any system of charges possesses potential energy, since ,unless constrained ,the individual charges will move and energy will be released.As part of the theoretical structure this energy is ascribed to the electric field, and so it is possible to identify with every point in the field a level of energy
电场力大小取决于电荷之间他们的相对位置。因为是它们相互作用力的结果，任何有电荷的系统都存在电势量，因为，如果没有约束，自由电荷将移动和释放能量。作为理论结构的一部分，这种能量归因于电场。因此可以确定电场中每个点的能量大小。
When one of the charges is of unit magnitude ,and positive, the energy at the point defining its position is referred to as the POTENTIAL at that point ,and hence is measured(in S.I.units)in JOULES per COULOMB(J/C)or VOLTS.The POENTIAL DIFFERENCE between two points in a field is therefore the difference in energy ,per unit charge, at the two points.一个单位正电荷，在其定义的位置的能量称为在这点的电势，因此测量时用（在国际单位）焦耳每库伦或伏特。因此在电场中两点之间的电势差是指这两点每单位电荷的能量
Observation shows that the force experienced by a charge—measure of the electric field strength—arise with distance and diminishes to zero only at an infinite distance from the source charge(s).Therefore a point at infinity may be considered to be at zero potential.观测表明，通过测量电场强度的电荷的力随着距离产生然后只在距离源电荷无穷远处减少到零。因此认为在无穷远处的点为零电势。
In practice, however, we are generally concerned with a datum of potential which is not zero—the most common being the earth’s surface considered as an equipotential.Since most of our experiment are earth-bound there is no need to take into account the potential of the earth with respect to the true zero datum.然而，在现实中，我们研究的对象通常不是零势点，而最常见的是以地球表面作为等势面参考。因为我们的大多数实验是地球上没有必要考虑地球的电势是否是真正的零电势。
The negative sign means that energy is required from an external source to move the charge from A to B.This energy is recoverable when the charge moves from B to A.Point B is said to be at a higher potential than point负号的意思是外部的能量移动电荷发从a到b所做的功。单电荷从b移动到a的时候这种能量是可恢复的。那么就说b是一个高电势点。
Note that, since energy is scalar, it is not necessary to know the path followed by the charge in passing from A to
B(or from B to A)nor the law of variation of force with distance over this range.注意，因为能源是标量，它不需要知道电荷是从A到B的路径（或从B到A的路径）和在这个范围内力的的变化规律。
If ,however, the data were in terms of force at each point of the field, this potential difference would be given by integrating the scalar product of the force(per unit charge)and displacement vectors over the distance AB: 然而，如果数据是根据电场中每一点处的力，那么电势差用ab的距离与单位电荷所受电场力的标量积来表示。
Electric Current
When a charge is in motion relative to a “fixed” frame of reference, an additional force appears to an observer(equipped with a suitable detector)in the fixed frame, this force being referred to as a magnetic force.Analogously, the region of magnetic influence associated with the moving charge is called a magnetic field, because it has similar characteristics to the field of force of a magnet.It is usual to refer to moving charge by the term ELETRIC CURRENT, the intensity（强度）of which is equal to the time rate of charge transference between two points in a field.电流
当电荷相对于“固定”的参照物移动，会在固定参照物的观察仪器上产生另一种力（用适当的检测器），这个力被叫为电磁力。类似地，由运动电荷产生磁作用的区域被称为磁场，因为它与磁力场有类似的特征。术语电流通常是指运动的电荷，其强度等于电场中两个点间的单位时间内所通过的电荷。
In consequence, the relation connecting charge and current is:i(t)=dq/dt, where i=current ,and q=charge.因此，电荷与电流的关系为：i(t)=dq/dt,，其中i 指电流，和q指电荷
Unit current, therefore, flows when charge is transferred at the rate of 1 COULOMB/sec, i.e.6.24*electronic charges/sec, this current being designated 1 ampere(1A).It is important to appreciate, however, that when a current be from A to B it is not necessary for every individual charge to move the whole distance AB, but only that the average rate of charge transference should conform to equation i(t).。
因此，单位电流是指电荷以1库伦每秒即6.24*10的18次方个电子每秒进行移动，这个电流称为1「安培」
（A）。而且，这很好的去说明了，当电流从a流到b时并不需要每个自由电子去从a一直移动到b整段距离，而是只需要考虑电荷移动的平均速度，就能构造i（t）的方程。
The Electric Circuit
These and an other aspects of stationary.moving and accelerating charges are truly encompassed by Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory, but accepting certain restrictions, it is possible to apply a much simplified theory which is sufficiently accurate to describe a wide range of electrical phenomena and applications.Such a theory is referred to as CIRCUIT THEORY and is concerned with the transmission of energy from one point to another through the use of real devices such as generators wires, batteries, motors and transformers.电子电路
在这些固定的方面。麦克斯韦电磁理论是讲关于加速移动的电子理论，虽有一定的限制。但可应用于比较简单的实验的理论。足够准确的描述广泛的电现象和应用。这个理论被作为对电路理论和一个点到另一个
点能量传输而言的标准理论。例如电机电线，电池，马达和变压器。
In this process, interest is focused less upon electric and magnetic fields than upon their circuit equivalents, potentialdifferences and currents.As the above section indicates, the field and circuit concepts are inseparably related, so it is a matter for philosophical argument whether energy transfer is effected by fields or by voltages and currents.Nevertheless, the usefulness of the circuit concept lies in the relatively simple solution of such problems which it permits.在这个过程中，主要集中电场和磁场和他们电路的电位差电流有密切的关系，正如上面所说，电场与电路是密不可分的。能量的转换是通过电场改变电压，电流而改变的。这是一个科学的观点也存在问题他只适用于简单的电路。
The transformation from field to circuit conceptualization consists in regarding currents as flowing from one physical device to another only through wires, which connect them together, and the characteristics of each device as being purely local;that is to say, the currents may be constant or time-dependent but not dependent on space coordinates in the circuit.Such a circuit is said to consist of lumped(rather than distributed)elements, and the restriction imply that only conduction currents are considered and that displacement currents are not.从现场的概念转化为电路中包括关于为流动从一台物理设备到另一只通过导线，电流，连接在一起，并作为being纯粹的每个设备的local characteristics，这是对say，may be的currents常数或时间依赖性，但不依赖于空间坐标的电路。这种电路可分为集中（而不是分散）等元素的限制意味着，只有传导电流，位移电流考虑是不是。
Conduction currents flow particularly easily in most metals, this property being due to the extremely large number of free electrons available as charge carriers in the crystal lattice.Thus, at normal temperatures, silver is the best of all conductors, with copper and aluminum only slightly inferior.传导电流的流动，特别是在大多数金属容易，此属性是由于自由电子在晶格中电荷的数量极其庞大的。因此，在正常温度下，银是最好的所有导体，与只有稍差的铜和铝。
Drift velocity is, under normal conditions of temperature, a much larger but random thermal agitation velocity which, since it does not contribute to the net transference of charge, is of no concern in the macroscopic view of current adopted here.The essential part of an electric circuit consists in its simplest form, of an energy source and an interconnected energy dissipation or conversion device, known as the load.漂移速度是，在正常条件下的温度，一个更大的，但随机热搅拌速度，因为它没有贡献的净转移的电荷，是不关心在这里通过的电流的宏观图。的电路的主要部分的包括在其最简单的形式中，能量源和一个相互关联的能量耗散或转换装置的，被称为负载。
practical energy source may take one of many Energy Source
A forms, depending, for example, on electro-chemical, electromagnetic, thermo-electric, photo-electric, etc.., principle, but for the purpose of circuit analysis only two idealized form are recognized, to one of which all practical sources approximate.These are: 1 the voltage source and 2 the current source.实际的能源来源可以采取许多能源来源之一
一个形式，这取决于例如，在电化学，电磁，热，电，光电等。，原则，但对于只有两个电路分析的目的是公认的理想形式，其中之一便是一切可行的来源近似。它们是：1，电压源和电流源2。
The voltage source maintains a constant terminal voltage irrespective of the current supplied to the load.It is important to appreciate that the voltage may be afunction of, for example, time, temperature, pressure, etc.;it is constant only with respect to variations of load.电压源的端电压保持恒定的，不论对当前提供给负载。重要的是要明白，电压可能是一个函数关于，例如，时间，温度，压力等，它是恒定的只考虑负载的变化。
The current source maintains a constant current in the load irrespective of the terminal voltage-which, in the case, is determined by the magnitude of the load.As with the voltage source, the generated current may depend on many other factors, but its one essential attribute is its independence of load.电流源保持恒定的电流在负载里，不论末端电压如何，既然这样，是由负载的大小决定的。与电压源一样，生成的电流可能取决于其他许多因素，但其本质属性是它独立负载。
Power and Energy
The definitions of potential and potential difference lead to the following relationships: the energy, w, expanded in moving a charge q through a potential difference(p.d.)v is given by: w= qv, hence,dw/dt=v*dq/dt=vi.The rate of expenditure of energy is define as the power p.Hence, in general the power is givens by p(t)=v(t)*i(t)and is measured in WATTS when v and I are in volts and amperes, respectively.If power p(t)is expended for time T, the total energy expended(or stored)is :
电力和能源
潜在的定义和潜在的差异导致的以下几个关系：能源，功，动议通过电位差（PD）的V是给予一个电荷q扩大为：w= qv，因此，dw/dt=v*dq/dt=vi。
对能量消耗率定义为权力页因此，在一般的权力是由P吉文斯（吨）=五（吨）*我（吨），并以瓦时测v和我为伏特和安培，分别。
如果功率P（t）是为时间T，总能量消耗（或存储）花费是：
The load
By a method similar to that adopted for energy sources, the load-or passive element of a circuit---may be idealized and defined by its terminal voltage/current relationship.All practical passive devices possess energy dissipative properties, often accompanied by energy-storage properties so that three distinct idealized types are possible.负载
通过类似的方法，对能源通过负载或电路---可能是理想化，其端点电压/电流关系因素。所有实际的被动设备具有能量耗散属性,常伴有储能属性,这样三个不同的理想化的类型是可能的。
1.The resistance parameter
A circuit which dissipates energy but stores none is said to consist solely of resistance.The property is defined by the relationship: R=v(t)/i(t), where R is the resistance in OHMS if v(t)and i(t)are volts and amperes, respectively, and this equation is known as Ohm’s Law.1，电阻参数
一个电路只消耗能量而不储存能量，那只含有电阻。该属性由关系式R=v(t)/i(t)定义的，如果V（t）和i（t）的单位分别是伏特和安培，那么R的单位为欧姆，这个公式被称为欧姆定律。
The corresponding diagrammatic representation is shown in Figure 4.2(a)which also shows the positive directions of p.d.and current.It should be noted that, unlike an active element, a passive element develops a potential difference in opposition to the current flow so that there is a fall of potential through the element in the direction of the current flow.相应的图解见图4.2（1）该表注明了电流和电势差的正方向。应当指出的是，不同于有源元件，无源元件是与电流流向相反产生电位差的，使得无源元件中电势是随着电流的流向逐降低的。
For this reason the terminal p.d.is called a potential drop or voltage drop.The element which possesses resistance is termed is a resistor.由于这个原因，端电压称为一个电势的下降或电压下降。具有电阻的元件被称为是一个电阻器。
The reciprocal of resistance is conductance designated by the symbol G.Thus, G=1/R, the units of G being siemens, or reciprocal ohms.Hence, an alternative form of Ohm’s Law is: i(t)=v(t)G.电阻的倒数为电导，用符号G的表示，因此，G=1 / R，G的单位是西门子，或欧姆的倒数。因此，另一种形式的欧姆定律是：I（T）= V（T）G
The Power dissipated, v(t)i(t),may be written in terms of resistance(or conductance)and voltage or current only;thus,因此，功率，v(t)i(t)，也可以只用电流或者电压中一个来和由电阻（电导）组合表示.：
2.The Inductance Parameter
A circuit is said to possess inductance if it is able to store magnetic field energy.The property is defined by the relationship v(t)=L*di(t)/d(t), where L is the inductance, the units of which are HENRYS if v and I are in volts and amperes, respectively, and t is in seconds.A p.d.of 1 V will, therefore, cause the current to change at the rate of 1 A/sec in an inductance of 1H.The circuit representation of the inductance parameter is shown in Figure 4.2(b).2，电感参数
如果一个电路是能够存储磁场能量，则这个电路是感性电路。该性质是由v(t)=L*di(t)/d(t)定义的，其中L是电感，单位是亨利,电压的单位是伏特,电流的单位是安培，时间单位是秒。因此，1 V可导致电流变化率1A / 1秒的1H电感。该电感参数电路如图所示代表4.2（b）项。
Equation may also be written in general integral form:
The element which possesses inductance is termed an inductor.And the power, v(t)i(t), may be writen: p(t)=L*I(t)*di(t)/dt, and is non-zero only when di(t)/dt has a value.Hence for a steady current i(t)=I, p(t)=0, but for the current I to have been established, p(t)has contributed to the stored energy:where T is the time taken for the current to build up to I.公式也可以写成一般积分形式：
拥有的元素被称为电感的电感。
功率，电压电流，可写：p(t)=L*I(t)*di(t)/dt,，di(t)/dt不等于零，有一个值。因此，对于一个稳定的电流i（t）=I，p(t)=0，但对目前我已经确定，功率有助于储存能量，其中T是所用的时间，I是电流。
3.The capacitance parameter 3。电容参数
A circuit which is able to store electrostatic field energy is said to possess capacitance.The property is defined in terms of the electric charge stored per unit of potential difference at its terminals, according to the equation: q(t)=Cv(t), where C is the capacitance, the units of which are FARADS when v and q are in volts and coulombs, respectively.Hence, a capacitance of 1 F stores a charge of 1C for a terminal p.d.of 1V.Combining equations gives: I(t)=C dv(t)/dt with t in seconds.一个电路能够存储静电场能量便是具有容性。性质由其端子在电荷存储每单位电势定义的，其根据公式：q(t)=Cv(t)，当v和Q分别是伏特和库时，其中C是电容，单位是法拉。因此，一个1F电容存储1C的电荷时末端电势1V。结合方程可得：I(t)=C dv(t)/dt，时间电位是秒。
Thus, a current of 1A flows into a capacitance of 1 F when the terminal voltage changes at the rate of 1V/sec.因此，1A电流流入1 F的电容时，端电压变化率为1V/sec。
And the equation may be rewritten in general integral form :
而方程可重写为一般积分形式：
The element which possesses capacitance is termed a capacitor, and its circuit representation is illustrated in Figure 4.2.(c).该元素具有电容被称为一个电容器，其电路图说明如图4.2。
The power,v(t)i(t), may be written: p(t)=C*v(t)*dv(t)/dt and is non-zero only when dv(t)/dt has a value.Hence, for a steady voltage v(t)=V, say, p(t)=0,but for the voltage V to have built up on the capacitor, p(t)has contributed to the stored energy,where T is the time taken for the voltage to have built up to V.功率，v(t)i(t)，可写为：p(t)=C*v(t)*dv(t)/dt，当dv(t)/dt不等于零时才有意义。因此，对于一个稳定电压v(t)=V，表示p(t)=0，但对有电压V的电容器，功率有助于储存能量，其中T是所用的时间，V是电压。
Equations v(t)= L*di(t)/dt and I(t)=C*dv(t)/dt show that step discontinuities are not possible in the current through inductance nor in the voltage across capacitance, since such steps would require, respectively, infinite voltage and infinite current.The ideas implicit in these restrictions are important in the analysis of circuits containing inductance and capacitance since they enable the initial conditions to be defined.方程v(t)= L*di(t)/dt和I(t)=C*dv(t)/dt显示，步骤不连续电流是不可能通过电感或电压储在电容，由于这样的步骤分别需要无限大的电压和无限大的电流。在这限制的条件下，对电感和电容的电路的分析是重要的，因为这是定义它们的初始条件
第二篇：自动化专业英语
1)the parameterization of the0controller0isC=X+MQ/Y-NQ。where N,M are right coprime factors of P,X,Y satisfy NX+MY=1,Q∈RH∞
2)According to the right coprime factorization of P, N=,M=,X=,Y=By the performance of the closed-loop system
N(0)[X(0)+M(0)Q(0)]=1 N(10j)[Y(10j)-N(10j)Q(10j)]=0，So take Q in the form Q(s)=x1+x2·1/s+1+x3·1/(x+
1)²
we can get the solution of Q。x1=,x2=,x3=,Q=Finally,the controller is C=
步骤:S=1-λ/λ代人 P(λ)=λ²/6λ²-5λ+1
X=-q2/r2 ,y=1+q1q2/r2 λ=1/s﹢1
N(S)=1/(s+1)²
M(s)=(s-1)(s-2)/(s+1)² X(s)=19s-11/s+1Y(s)=s+6/s+1
C=X+MQ/Y-NQ
N(0)[X(0)+M(0)Q(0)]=1 N(10j)[Y(10j)-N(10j)Q(10j)]=0
Q(0)=6，Q(10j)=-94+70j Q(s)=x1+x2·1/s+1+x3·1/(x+
1)²
x1=-79 x2=-723 x3=808 Q(s)=(-79s²-881s+6)/(s+1)²C(s)=[-60s4-598s32
2+2515s-1794s+1]/[s(s+100)(s+9)]
A control system is stable if the number of encirclements of the(-1,0)point by the GH plot is equal to the number of poles of GH with positive real parts.The direction of encirclement must be in a direction opposite to τs.GH is on open loop transfer function.τs is open right half of s-plane.一个控制系统是稳定的数量是否包围的(1,0)点的GH图的数量相等的两极与积极的真实部分GH。被包围的方向都必须在一个τs的相反方向。
“GH”是在开环传递函数上。τs在s-plane的右半平面开放。
二．The process of designing a control system generally involves many steps.A typical scenario is as follows:
1.Study the system to be controlled and decide what types of sensors and actuators will be used and where they will be placed.2.Model the resulting system to be controlled.3.Simplify the model if necessary so that it is tractable.4.Analyze the resulting model;determine its properties.5.Decide on performance specifications.6.Decide on the type of controller to be used.7.Design a controller to meet the specs, if possible;if not, modify the specs or generalize the type of controller sought.8.Simulate the resulting controlled system, either on a computer or in a pilot plant.9.Repeat from step 1 if necessary.10.Choose hardware and software and implement the controller.11.Tune the controller on-line if necessary.r．reference or command inputvsensor outputuactuating signal, plant inputdexternal disturbanceyplant output and measured signaln．sensor noise
第三篇：自动化专业英语中英对照
自动化专业英语中英文对照 retarding torque 制动转矩
inductive component 感性（无功）分量 abscissa axis 横坐标
induction generator 感应发电机
synchronous generator 同步发电机automatic station 无人值守电站hydropower station 水电站
process of self – excitation 自励过程auxiliary motor 辅助电动机
technical specifications 技术条件voltage across the terminals 端电压steady – state condition 瞬态 暂态reactive in respect to 相对….呈感性active in respect to 相对….呈阻性synchronous condenser 同步进相（调相）机
coincide in phase with 与….同相synchronous reactance 同步电抗algebraic 代数的algorithmic 算法的biphase 双相的bilateral circuit 双向电路bimotored 双马达的corridor 通路
shunt displacement current 旁路位移电流
leakage 泄漏
lightning shielding 避雷harmonic 谐波的insulator string 绝缘子串neutral 中性的zero sequence current 零序电流sinusoidal 正弦的square平方
corona 电晕,放电bypass 旁路
voltmeter 电压表ammeter 电流表micrometer 千分尺thermometer 温度计watt-hour meter 电度表wattmeter 电力表private line 专用线路diameter 直径centimeter 厘米
restriking 电弧再触发magnitude 振幅oscillation 振荡auxiliary 辅助的protective gap 保护性间隙放电receptacle 插座
lightning arrester 避雷装置bushing 套管trigger 起动装置stress 应力
deterioration 损坏,磨损spark gap 火花放电隙traveling-wave 行波
wye-connected 星形连接enclosure 设备外壳live conductor 带电导体fuse 熔断器
structural 结构上的out-of-step 不同步的resynchronize 再同步synchroscops 同步指示器
automatic oscillograph 自动示波器nominally 标称sampling 采样
potential transformer 电压互感器fraction 分数
switchyard 户外配电装置hazard 危险bushing 高压套contact 触点
energize 励磁trip coil 跳闸线圈
over-current relay 过电流继电器armature 衔铁
pickup current 始动电流release current 释放电流solenoid relay 螺管式继电器
induction-disc relay 感应圆盘式继电器cast-aluminum rotor 铸铝转子bronze 青铜horsepower 马力random-wound 散绕insulation 绝缘
ac motor 交流环电动机end ring 端环alloy 合金
inverse time relay 反时限继电器hydraulic 液力的dashpot 阻尼器pneumatic 气动的permanent magnet 永磁体electrical stressing 电气应力mechanical stressing 机械应力deviation 偏差
third harmonic voltage 三次谐波电压induction machine 感应式电机horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁magnetic field 磁场eddy current 涡流
right-hand rule 右手定则left-hand rule 左手定则slip 转差率
induction motor 感应电动机rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场winding 绕组stator 定子rotor 转子
induced current 感生电流time-phase 时间相位
exciting voltage 励磁电压solt 槽
lamination 叠片
laminated core 叠片铁芯short-circuiting ring 短路环squirrel cage 鼠笼rotor core 转子铁芯coil winding 线圈绕组form-wound 模绕
performance characteristic 工作特性frequency 频率
revolutions per minute 转/分motoring 电动机驱动generating 发电
per-unit value 标么值
breakdown torque 极限转矩breakaway force 起步阻力overhauling 检修
wind-driven generator 风动发电机revolutions per second 转/秒number of poles 极数
speed-torque curve 转速力矩特性曲线plugging 反向制动
synchronous speed 同步转速percentage 百分数
locked-rotor torque 锁定转子转矩full-load torque 满载转矩prime mover 原动机
inrush current 涌流magnetizing reacance 磁化电抗
line-to-neutral 线与中性点间的staor winding 定子绕组leakage reactance 漏磁电抗no-load 空载full load 满载
Polyphase 多相(的)iron-loss 铁损
complex impedance 复数阻抗rotor resistance 转子电阻leakage flux 漏磁通locked-rotor 锁定转子chopper circuit 斩波电路separately excited 他励的compounded 复励dc motor 直流电动机de machine 直流电机speed regulation 速度调节shunt 并励series 串励
armature circuit 电枢电路optical fiber 光纤interoffice 局间的waveguide 波导 波导管bandwidth 带宽
light emitting diode 发光二极管silica 硅石 二氧化硅
regeneration 再生, 后反馈放大coaxial 共轴的,同轴的high-performance 高性能的carrier 载波mature 成熟的Single Side Band(SSB)单边带coupling capacitor 结合电容propagate 传导 传播modulator 调制器demodulator 解调器line trap 限波器shunt 分路器
Amplitude Modulation(AM 调幅
Frequency Shift Keying(FSK)移频键控
tuner 调谐器attenuate 衰减incident 入射的two-way configuration 二线制generator voltage 发电机电压dc generator 直流发电机
polyphase rectifier 多相整流器boost 增压
time constant 时间常数
forward transfer function 正向传递函数
error signal 误差信号regulator 调节器
stabilizing transformer 稳定变压器time delay 延时
direct axis transient time constant 直轴瞬变时间常数
transient response 瞬态响应solid state 固体buck 补偿
operational calculus 算符演算gain 增益pole 极点
feedback signal 反馈信号dynamic response 动态响应
voltage control system 电压控制系统mismatch 失配
error detector 误差检测器excitation system 励磁系统field current 励磁电流transistor 晶体管high-gain 高增益boost-buck 升压去磁
feedback system 反馈系统reactive power 无功功率feedback loop 反馈回路
automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自动电压调整器
reference Voltage 基准电压magnetic amplifier 磁放大器amplidyne 微场扩流发电机self-exciting 自励的limiter 限幅器
manual control 手动控制block diagram 方框图linear zone 线性区
potential transformer 电压互感器stabilization network 稳定网络stabilizer 稳定器
air-gap flux 气隙磁通saturation effect 饱和效应saturation curve 饱和曲线flux linkage 磁链per unit value 标么值shunt field 并励磁场magnetic circuit 磁路
load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线air-gap line 气隙磁化线
polyphase rectifier 多相整流器circuit components 电路元件
circuit parameters 电路参数electrical device 电气设备electric energy 电能primary cell 原生电池
energy converter 电能转换器conductor 导体
heating appliance 电热器direct-current 直流
time invariant 时不变的self-inductor 自感mutual-inductor 互感the dielectric 电介质storage battery 蓄电池
e.m.f = electromotive fore 电动势unidirectional current 单方向性电流circuit diagram 电路图
load characteristic 负载特性terminal voltage 端电压
external characteristic 外特性conductance 电导volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡ideal source 理想电源internal resistance 内阻
active(passive)circuit elements 有（无）源电路元件
leakage current 漏电流circuit branch 支路
P.D.= potential drop 电压降potential distribution 电位分布
r.m.s values = root mean square values 均方根值
effective values 有效值
steady direct current 恒稳直流电
sinusoidal time function 正弦时间函数complex number 复数
Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标系modulus 模real part 实部
imaginary part 虚部
displacement current 位移电流
trigonometric transformations 瞬时值epoch angle 初相角
phase displacement 相位差signal amplifier 小信号放大器mid-frequency band 中频带
bipolar junction transistor(BJT)双极性晶体管
field effect transistor(FET)场效应管electrode 电极 电焊条polarity 极性gain 增益
isolation 隔离 分离 绝缘 隔振emitter 发射管 放射器 发射极collector 集电极base 基极
self-bias resistor 自偏置电阻triangular symbol 三角符号
phase reversal 反相
infinite voltage gain 无穷大电压增益feedback component 反馈元件differentiation 微分integration 积分下限impedance 阻抗fidelity 保真度
summing circuit 总和线路 反馈系统中的比较环节
Oscillation 振荡inverse 倒数admittance 导纳transformer 变压器turns ratio 变比 匝比ampere-turns 安匝(数)mutual flux 交互(主)磁通vector equation 向(相)量方程power frequency 工频
capacitance effect 电容效应induction machine 感应电机shunt excited 并励series excited 串励separately excited 他励self excited 自励
field winding 磁场绕组 励磁绕组speed-torque characteristic 速度转矩特性
dynamic-state operation 动态运行salient poles 凸极excited by 励磁field coils 励磁线圈
air-gap flux distribution 气隙磁通分布direct axis 直轴
armature coil 电枢线圈
rotating commutator 旋转（整流子）换向器
commutator-brush combination 换向器-电刷总线
mechanical rectifier 机械式整流器armature m.m.f.wave 电枢磁势波Geometrical position 几何位置magnetic torque 电磁转矩spatial waveform 空间波形
sinusoidal – density wave 正弦磁密度
external armature circuit 电枢外电路instantaneous electric power 瞬时电功率
instantaneous mechanical power 瞬时机械功率
effects of saturation 饱和效应reluctance 磁阻
power amplifier 功率放大器compound generator 复励发电机rheostat 变阻器
self – excitation process 自励过程commutation condition 换向状况
cumulatively compounded motor 积复励电动机
operating condition 运行状态
equivalent T – circuit T型等值电路rotor(stator)winding 转子（定子绕组）winding loss 绕组（铜）损耗prime motor 原动机
active component 有功分量reactive component 无功分量electromagnetic torque 电磁转矩
第四篇：电气工程及其自动化专业英语
induction machine 感应式电机 horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁 magnetic field 磁场 eddy current 涡流 right-hand rule 右手定则 left-hand rule 左手定则 slip 转差率 induction motor 感应电动机 rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场 winding 绕组 stator 定子 rotor 转子 induced current 感生电流 time-phase 时间相位 exciting voltage 励磁电压 solt 槽 lamination 叠片 laminated core 叠片铁芯 short-circuiting ring 短路环 squirrel cage 鼠笼 rotor core 转子铁芯 cast-aluminum rotor 铸铝转子 bronze 青铜 horsepower 马力 random-wound 散绕 insulation 绝缘 ac motor 交流环电动机 end ring 端环 alloy 合金 coil winding 线圈绕组 form-wound 模绕 performance characteristic 工作特性 frequency 频率
revolutions per minute 转/分 分 motoring 电动机驱动 generating 发电 per-unit value 标么值 breakdown torque 极限转矩 breakaway force 起步阻力 overhauling 检修 wind-driven generator 风动发电机 revolutions per second 转/秒 秒 number of poles 极数 speed-torque curve 转速力矩特性曲线 plugging 反向制动 synchronous speed 同步转速 percentage 百分数 locked-rotor torque 锁定转子转矩 full-load torque 满载转矩 prime mover 原动机 inrush current 涌流 magnetizing reacance 磁化电抗 line-to-neutral 线与中性点间的 staor winding 定子绕组 leakage reactance 漏磁电抗 no-load 空载 full load 满载 多相(的 Polyphase 多相 的)iron-loss 铁损 complex impedance 复数阻抗 rotor resistance 转子电阻 leakage flux 漏磁通 locked-rotor 锁定转子 chopper circuit 斩波电路 separately excited 他励的 compounded 复励 dc motor 直流电动机 de machine 直流电机 speed regulation 速度调节 shunt 并励 series 串励 armature circuit 电枢电路 optical fiber 光纤 interoffice 局间的 wave guide 波导 波导管 bandwidth 带宽 light emitting diode 发光二极管
silica 硅石 二氧化硅 regeneration 再生 后反馈放大 再生, coaxial 共轴的 同轴的 共轴的,同轴的 high-performance 高性能的 carrier 载波 mature 成熟的 Single Side Band(SSB)单边带 coupling capacitor 结合电容 propagate 传导 传播 modulator 调制器 demodulator 解调器 line trap 限波器 shunt 分路器 Amplitude Modulation(AM 调幅 Frequency Shift Keying(FSK)移频键控 tuner 调谐器 attenuate 衰减 incident 入射的 two-way configuration 二线制 generator voltage 发电机电压 dc generator 直流发电机 polyphase rectifier 多相整流器 boost 增压 time constant 时间常数 forward transfer function 正向传递函数 error signal 误差信号 regulator 调节器 stabilizing transformer 稳定变压器 time delay 延时 direct axis transient time constant 直轴瞬变时间常数 transient response 瞬态响应 solid state 固体 buck 补偿 operational calculus 算符演算 gain 增益 pole 极点 feedback signal 反馈信号 dynamic response 动态响应 voltage control system 电压控制系统 mismatch 失配 error detector 误差检测器 excitation system 励磁系统 field current 励磁电流 transistor 晶体管high-gain 高增益 boost-buck 升压去磁 feedback system 反馈系统 reactive power 无功功率 feedback loop 反馈回路 automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自动电压调整器 自动电压调整器 reference Voltage 基准电压 magnetic amplifier 磁放大器 amplidyne 微场扩流发电机 self-exciting 自励的 limiter 限幅器 manual control 手动控制 block diagram 方框图 linear zone 线性区 potential transformer 电压互感器 stabilization network 稳定网络 stabilizer 稳定器 air-gap flux 气隙磁通 saturation effect 饱和效应 saturation curve 饱和曲线 flux linkage 磁链 per unit value 标么值 shunt field 并励磁场 magnetic circuit 磁路 load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线 air-gap line 气隙磁化线 polyphase rectifier 多相整流器 circuit components 电路元件 circuit parameters 电路参数 electrical device 电气设备 electric energy 电能 primary cell 原生电池 电能转换器 energy converter 电能转换器 conductor 导体 heating appliance 电热器 direct-current 直流 time invariant 时不变的 self-inductor 自感 mutual-inductor 互感 the dielectric 电介质 storage battery 蓄电池 e.m.f = electromotive force
电动势 generator 发电机 gas insulated substation GIS 气体绝缘变电站 气体绝缘变电站 turbogenerator 汽轮发电机 neutral point 中性点
hydrogenerator 水轮发电机 moving contact 动触头 hydraulic turbine 水轮机 fixed contact 静触头 steam turbine 汽轮机 arc-extinguishing chamber 灭弧室 dynamo 直流发电机 stray capacitance 杂散电容 motor 电动机 stray inductance 杂散电感 stator 定子 sphere gap 球隙 rotor 转子 bushing tap grounding wire 套管末屏接地线 power transformer 电力变压器 electrostatic voltmeter 静电电压表 variable transformer 调压变压器 ammeter 电流表 taped transformer 多级变压器 grounding capacitance 对地电容 step up(down)transformer 升(降)压变压器 voltage divider 分压器 降 压变压器 circuit breaker CB 断路器 surge impedance 波阻抗 dead tank oil circuit breaker 多油断路器 Schering bridge 西林电桥 live tank oil circuit breaker 少油断路器 Rogowski coil 罗可夫斯基线圈 vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器 oscilloscope 示波器 sulphur hexafluoride breaker SF6 断路器 peak voltmeter 峰值电压表 峰值电压表 potential transformer PT 电压互感器 conductor 导线 current transformer CT 电流互感器 cascade transformer 串级变压器 disconnector 隔离开关 coupling capacitor 耦合电容 earthing switch 接地开关 test object 被试品 synchronous generator 同步发电机 detection impedance 检测阻抗 asynchronous machine 异步电机 substation 变电站 Insulator 绝缘子 hydro power station 水力发电站 lightning arrester 避雷器 thermal power station 火力发电站 metal oxide arrester MOA 氧化锌避雷器 nuclear power station 核电站 bus bar 母线 oil-filled power cable 充油电力电缆 overhead line 架空线 mixed divider(阻容 混合分压器 阻容)混合分压器 阻容 transmission line 传输线 XLPE cable 交链聚乙烯电缆(coaxial)cable(同轴 电缆 relay 继电器 同轴)电缆 同轴 iron core 铁芯 tuned circuit 调谐电路 winding 绕组 suspension insulator 悬式绝缘子 bushing 套管 porcelain insulator 陶瓷绝缘子 波头(尾 电阻 front(tail)resistance 波头 尾)电阻 glass insulator 玻璃绝缘子 inverter station 换流站 flash counter 雷电计数器 steel-reinforced aluminum conductor 充电(阻尼 阻尼)电阻 钢芯铝绞线 charging(damping)resistor 充电 阻尼 电阻 tank 箱体 point plane gap 针板间隙 earth(ground)wire 接地线 exciting winding 激磁绕组 grading ring 均压环 trigger electrode 触发电极 highvoltage engineering 高电压工程 glow discharge 辉光放电 highvoltage testing technology 高电压试验技术 harmonic 谐波 Power electronics 电力电子 Automatic control 自动控制 Principles of electric circuits 电路原理 Digital signal processing 数字信号处理
电气工程专业英语词汇表 2 power system 电力系统 impulse current 冲击电流 power network 电力网络 impulse flashover 冲击闪络 insulation 绝缘 inhomogenous field 不均匀场 overvoltage 过电压 insulation coordination 绝缘配合 aging 老化 internal discharge 内部放电 alternating current 交流电 lightning stroke 雷电波 AC transmission system 交流输电系统 lightning overvoltage 雷电过电压 介质)损耗角 arc discharge 电弧放电 loss angle(介质 损耗角 介质 attachment coefficient 附着系数 magnetic field 磁场 attenuation factor 衰减系数 mean free path平均自由行程 anode(cathode)阳极 阴极 mean molecular velocity平均分子速度 阳极(阴极 阴极)breakdown(电)击穿 negative ions 负离子 电 击穿 bubble breakdown 气泡击穿 non-destructive testing 非破坏性试验 cathode ray oscilloscope 阴极射线示波器 non-uniform field 不均匀场 cavity 空穴 腔 partial discharge 局部放电 空穴,腔 corona 电晕 peak reverse voltage 反向峰值电压 composite insulation 组合绝缘 photoelectric emission 光电发射 critical breakdown voltage 临界击穿电压 photon 光子 Discharge 放电 phase-to-phase voltage 线电压 Dielectric 电介质 绝缘体 polarity effect 极性效应 电介质,绝缘体 dielectric constant 介质常数 power capacitor 电力电容 dielectric loss 介质损耗
quasi-uniform field 稍不均匀场 direct current 直流电 radio interference 无线干扰 divider ratio 分压器分压比 rating of equipment 设备额定值 grounding 接地 routing testing 常规试验 electric field 电场 residual capacitance 残余电容 electrochemical deterioration 电化学腐蚀 shielding 屏蔽 electron avalanche 电子崩 short circuit testing 短路试验 electronegative gas 电负性气体 space charge 空间电荷 epoxy resin 环氧树脂 streamer breakdown 流注击穿 expulsion gap 灭弧间隙 surface breakdown 表面击穿 field strength 场强 sustained discharge 自持放电 field stress 电场力 switching overvoltage 操作过电压 field distortion 场畸变 thermal breakdown 热击穿 field gradient 场梯度 treeing 树枝放电 field emission 场致发射 uniform field 均匀场 flashover 闪络 wave front(tail)波头 尾)波头(尾 gaseous insulation 气体绝缘 withstand voltage 耐受电压 Prime mover 原动机 Power factor 功率因数 Torque 力矩 Distribution automation system 配电网自动化系统 Servomechanism 伺服系统 Automatic meter reading 自动抄表 Boiler 锅炉 Armature 电枢 Internal combustion engine 内燃机 Brush 电刷
Deenergize 断电 Commutator 换向器 Underground cable 地下电缆 Counter emf 反电势 电气工程专业英语词汇表 3 退磁,去磁 Loop system 环网系统 Demagnetization 退磁 去磁 Distribution system 配电系统 Relay panel 继电器屏 Trip circuit 跳闸电路 Tertiary winding 第三绕组 Switchboard 配电盘 开关屏 Eddy current 涡流 配电盘,开关屏 Instrument transducer 测量互感器 Copper loss 铜损 Oil-impregnated paper 油浸纸绝缘 Iron loss 铁损 Bare conductor 裸导线 Leakage flux 漏磁通 Reclosing 重合闸 Autotransformer 自耦变压器 Distribution dispatch center 配电调度中心 Zero sequence current 零序电流 Pulverizer 磨煤机 Series(shunt)compensation 串(并)联补偿 并 联补偿 汽包,炉筒 Drum 汽包 炉筒 Restriking 电弧重燃 Superheater 过热器 Automatic oscillograph 自动录波仪 Peak-load 峰荷 Tidal current 潮流 Prime grid substation 主网变电站 Trip coil 跳闸线圈 Reactive power` 无功功率 Synchronous condenser 同步调相机 Active power 有功功率 Main and transfer busbar 单母线带旁路 Shunt reactor 并联电抗器 Feeder 馈电线 Blackout 断电、停电 Skin effect 集肤效应 断电、Extra-high voltage(EHV)超高压 Potential stress 电位应力 电场强度 电位应力(电场强度 电场强度)Ultra-high voltage(UHV)特高压 Capacitor bank 电容器组 Domestic load 民用电 crusher 碎煤机 Reserve capacity 备用容量 pulverizer 磨煤机 Fossil-fired power plant 火电厂 baghouse 集尘室 Combustion turbine 燃气轮机 Stationary(moving)blade 固定 可动 叶片 固定(可动 可动)叶片 Right-of-way 线路走廊 Shaft 转轴 Rectifier 整流器 Kinetic(potential)energy 动(势)能 Inductive(Capacitive)电 势能 感的(电容的 电容的)感的 电容的 Pumped storage power station 抽水蓄能电站 Reactance(impedance)电抗 阻抗 Synchronous condenser 同步调相机 电抗(阻抗 阻抗)Reactor 电抗器 Light(boiling)-water reactor 轻(沸)水反应堆 沸 水反应堆 电抗的,无功的 Reactive 电抗的 无功的 Stator(rotor)定(转)子 Phase displacement(shift)相移 转子 Armature 电枢 Surge 冲击 过电压 Salient-pole 凸极 冲击,过电压 Retaining ring 护环 Slip ring 滑环 Carbon brush 炭刷 Arc suppression coil 消弧线圈 Short-circuit ratio 短路比 Primary(backup)relaying 主(后备 继电保护 后备)继电保护 后备 Induction 感应 Phase shifter 移相器 Autotransformer 自藕变压器 Power line carrier(PLC)电力线载波 器)电力线载波(器 Bushing 套管 Line trap 线路限波器 Turn(turn ratio)匝(匝比 变比 Uninterruptible power supply 不间断电源 匝比,变比 匝比 变比)Power factor 功率因数 Spot power price 实时电价 分时(电价 电价)Tap 分接头 Time-of-use(tariff)分时 电价
Recovery voltage 恢复电压 XLPE(Cross Linked Polyethylene)交联聚乙烯(电缆 电缆)交联聚乙烯 电缆 Arc reignition 电弧重燃 Rms(root mean square)均方根值 Operation
mechanism 操动机构 RF(radio frequency)射频 电气工程专业英语词汇表 4 Pneumatic(hydraulic)气 动(液 压)Rpm(revolution per minute)转 / 分 Nameplate 铭牌 LAN(local area network)局域网 Independent pole operation 分相操作 LED(light emitting diode)发光二极管 Malfunction 失灵 Single(dual, ring)bus 单(双,环形 母线 环形)母线 双 环形 Shield wire 避雷线 IC(integrated circuit)集成电路 Creep distance 爬电距离 FFT(fast Fourier transform)快速傅立叶变换 Silicon rubber 硅橡胶 Telemeter 遥测 Composite insulator 合成绝缘子 Load shedding 甩负荷 Converter(inverter)换流器 逆变器 Lateral 支线 换流器(逆变器 逆变器)Bus tie breaker 母联断路器 Power-flow current 工频续流 Protective relaying 继电保护 sparkover 放电 Transfer switching 倒闸操作 Silicon carbide 碳化硅 Outgoing(incoming)line 出(进)线 Zinc oxide 氧化锌 进线 相位超前(滞后 滞后)Phase Lead(lag)相位超前 滞后 Withstand test 耐压试验 Static var compensation(SVC)静止无功补偿 Dispatcher 调度员 Flexible AC transmission system(FACTS)灵活交流输电系统 Supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA)监控与数据采集 EMC(electromagnetic compatibility)电磁兼容 ISO(international standardization organization)国际标准化组织 GIS(gas insulated substation, geographic information system)气体绝缘变电站 地理信息系统 IEC(international Electrotechnical Commission)国际电工(技术 技术)委员会 国际电工 技术 委员会 IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)电气与电子工程师学 会(美)美 IEE(Institution of Electrical Engineers)
电气工程师学会(英 电气工程师学会 英)scale 刻度 量程 calibrate 校准 刻度,量程 rated 额定的 terminal 接线端子 保险丝,熔丝 fuse 保险丝 熔丝 humidity 湿度 resonance 谐振 共振 moisture 潮湿 湿气 谐振,共振 潮湿,湿气 analytical 解析的 operation amplifier 运算放大器 numerical 数字的 amplitude modulation(AM)调幅 frequency-domain 频域 frequency modulation(FM)调频 time-domain 时域 binary 二进制 operation amplifier 运算放大器 octal 八进制 active filter 有源滤波器 decimal 十进制 passive filter 无源滤波器 hexadecimal 十
第五篇：自动化专业英语重点
欧姆定律
Ohm’s law states that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance.法拉第定律
Faraday’s states that the voltage across the inductor is proportional to the rate of change with time of the current through the inductor.基尔霍夫第一定律
Kirchhoff’s first law states that the algebraic sum of the voltages around a closed loop is 0,or,in any closed loop, sum of the voltage rises must equal the sum of voltage drops.运放
The first law states that in normal op-amp circuits we may assume that the voltage difference between the input terminals is zero, that is, U+=U-.The second law states that in normal op-amp circuits both of the input currents may be assumed to be zero: I+=I-电路理论 theory of circuit
模拟电子技术analog electronics technology
数字电子技术digital electronics technology
电力电子技术power electronics technology
电磁场electromagnetic field
电机与拖动electric motor and electric drive
电力拖动自动控制系统electric drive automatic control system 自动控制理论automatic control theory
现代控制理论modern control theory
智能控制intelligent control
微机原理principle of microcomputer
计算机接口技术computer interface technology
计算机控制技术computer control technology
自动调节装置automatic regulators
过程控制系统process control system
过程检测及仪表process measurement and instrument
单片机原理与应用principle and application of single-chip computer 可编程序控制器系统programmable logical controller system 现场总线技术fieldbus technology
嵌入式系统embedded system
供电技术power supplying technology
计算机仿真computer simulation
信号分析与处理signal analyzing and processing
集散控制系统distributed control system
楼宇自动化building automation
机器人学robotics
GTOgate turn-off thyristor门极可关断晶闸管 GJTbipolar junction transistor双极结型晶体管 SCR
点击咨询 