2014年专业英语四级最全考试答案之一

第一篇：2014年专业英语四级最全考试答案之一

2014年专业英语四级最全考试答案之一

2014年，4月，19日，那个完形，你做得怎样？？？看看就知道！！

2014年英语专业四级考试的最标准最完整的答案之一：：完形！敢去考专四，是勇气；考完了之后敢对完形填空的答案，才是霸气！

The Victorians had become addicted to speed and, like all speed crazy kids, they wanted to go ever faster.Time was money and efficiency became increasingly important.Although division of labour had been conceived by Adam Smith and illustrated by a pin factory in The Wealth of Nations in 1776, it could now become fully realised.This specialisation andindividualisation of labour was in marked contrast to the rural means of production, in which the family was the means of production, consumption and socialisation.With greater speed came a greater need for industries and businesses to make more and make it quicker.Steam made this possible and changed working life forever.Gone were the days when work was dictated by natural forces: steam engines were servant to neither season nor sunshine.Factories had

foremen and life became correspondingly more regimented.The clocking-on machine was invented in 1885 and time and motion studies to increase efficiency would be introduced only some twenty years later.But it was not all bad news.Agricultural incomes depended on variable harvests and weather.Factories provided secure and predictable income, but long hours.Working life was becoming increasingly regulated, and the working week was reorganised to promote ever-greater

efficiency.The old custom of St.Mondaywas gradually phased out and to compensate, work stopped around midday on Saturday and did not resume until Monday morning.A new division between 'work' and 'leisure' emerged, and this new block of weekend leisure time

coincided with the development of spectator sports like cricket and football, and the rise of music hall entertainment for the new working classes.

第二篇：专业英语四级考试写作

2006年英语专业八级满分作文

Ambition is the decision one makes and the resolution with which he carries out that decision.It provides us with the required driving force to accomplish any undertakings in our life.Just as Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer put it, “And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed.” Indeed, once we make up our minds to choose to do something, then our life becomes meaningful and specifically orientated.This notion of life, as far as I observe, is closest to truth and does apply to almost all aspects of life.First things first, ambition renders us a sense of mission.No matter what decision you make you have to be responsible for your choice.Your choice procures you a sense of orientation, or more specially a sense of mission.And only a strong mission may enable one to accomplish greatness.Caesar of the ancient Roman Empire was urged by his ambition “I came, I saw, I conquered.” And became an unrivaled empire builder in the history of Rome.John Milton, stimulated always by his ambition that aimed at writing some “mighty lines” which England would unwillingly forget, had in due time secured his position as the second Shakespeare in the history of English literature.In the second place, ambition can bring one’s potentials to the full.Ambition may well serve as a catalyst activating one’s dormant potentials.Without ambition one’s potentials will remain slumbering like a dormant volcano.A case in point is Ms Zhang Haidi, a Chinese Helen Keller.It was her ambition to be a useful person has turned the almost paralyzed Zhang Haidi into a well-accomplished figure whose achievements would dwarf those of some normal people aim at the sun, though, at worst, they may probably land on the moon.Influential as it is upon us, however, ambition must be channeled in the right direction.If wrongly directed, one’s ambition may bring havoc on him and others.Hitler, whose ambition was to conquer Europe by whatever evil means, finally turned him into a demon.It was this demon that almost cast Europe into an unfathomable abyss of anguish and suffering.Another case is Macbeth whose ambition was to become the king of Scotland.However, his ambition was materialized by the murder of King Duncan.Consequently, unbearable guilt and psychological agony drove him to his tragic doom.To sum up, ambition can benefit us tremendously if wisely and correctly channeled, otherwise it may ruin others and ourselves.A poet says: life can be bad;life can be good;life can be dirty;life can be sad,;life can even be painful.In my mind’s eye, a person can make his life beautiful, meaningful and rewarding and stand out as a respectable personage if he is motivated by a well-orientated ambition

(464 words)

考研英语小作文和大作文备考经验谈

作文历来是研究生入学考试的重中之重，每年都有无数考研英豪难过英语关，从而与成功一步之遥，失之交臂。在名目繁多的辅导机构的海报满天飞与媒体炒作日渐升温时，如何一方面保持清醒的头脑，一方面找到适合自己并且针对行之有效的学习方法，才是真正关键的问题。本文将重点给各位网友讲讲考研英语小作文、大作文的备考技巧经验。

一、应用文（小作文）

应用文写作要求考生在三个方面完成要求：一要注意把握信息点；第二是把握语言点，内容要十分明确，不要出现过多的错误；第三是要注意格式和语言。一是掌握格式的线条，主要是掌握两种大的文类，一个是正式文体，一个是非正式文体。如果应用文涉及的是商务或者公务之类较正式的东西，那么语言表达的时候也得注意格式和书面化、规范化；如果要求写便条给朋友的话，就应当用主语化的表达方式。

这几个方面注意了，就可以很大地缓解难度。应用文的字数要求是100个字，大概8句话，8句话怎么分配呢？第一段就写一句话，第一句话表明你写信的基本内容：如果是询问信息的话，就说你写这封信要询问以下几个问题；如果是投诉，就说写这封信是要表达对什么东西的不满；如果是请求信，就说写这封信想要请求什么东西就可以了。总之，就一句话，简明扼要。然后，用简练的语言表达清楚题目要求表达的内容和信息。最后一句话，就是一个礼貌的结尾。

二、大作文

大作文的写作一般会给考生写作提纲，或图表、图画，或图文并茂。命题方式虽然多样，但题目涉及面往往是考生比较熟悉的内容，目的是测定考生语言的实际应用能力。要求表达清楚，文字连贯，中心突出，内容丰富，句式多变，句子结构和用词正确。

语言的应用能力不可能一蹴而就，必须厚积薄发，必须经过长期的实践锻炼。如何提高英语写作能力呢？一是要背大量的优秀范文，整段整篇地背，并转换为自己的语言，写作时才能随心所欲地支配。考试时避免套用以前死记硬背的几个范文，把一些词不达意的词堆积在一起，没有统一性，无法很好地表现主题。

二是要多动手。包括对背过的文章进行词语替换、句式转换、句子重组等，以及对某一主题展开写作。多动手才能提高笔下功夫，才能保证在考场上顺利写作。可以说背诵范文是培养语感、积累素材、掌握写作方法的途径，动手写作则是实践，是最终目的，这两者结合起来，就是“理论联系了实际”。另外，背诵范文应有针对性，写作训练也是一样，在训练中要掌握每一类型作文的写作规律，根据其写作特点(如提纲式作文就要求考生根据提纲提示的思路和规定的要点展开段落)进行全面训练。但是，注意不要带有押题的心理，靠背几篇范文就能应付考试的心态是不可取的。很多高分考生认为，背诵《新概念英语》第三册，熟练掌握其中的各种表达方式，并坚持每天进行英语随笔练习，对于提高英语写作能力十分有益。

三、应试技巧

1、认真审题

作文第一步是仔细审题，考生要仔细阅读试题要求及相关信息，如图表、图画、数字等，准确把握出题者意图。考研作文忌信手拈来，提笔就写，根本不审题，想到哪儿就写到哪儿，或完全凭自己想象编故事，置考试要求于不顾，“下笔千言，离题万里”。比如1998年考研作文是一幅卡通画，老母鸡申明外加一首打油诗，讽刺一些企业把该尽职之事作为推销产品的承诺。2000年的作文“a brief history of world commercial fishing”，它给出了两张图，从1900年的渔船和鱼量之比到1995年的渔船和鱼量之比的变化谈如何保护渔业资源，应从商业性滥捕鱼这一主题展开话题，有的考生却大谈环境污染。这就偏离了主题，因为题中自始至终都没有谈到环境污染问题。

有的同学没有审题习惯，或担心时间不够草草审题，最后文不对题，草草收场，这必然会影响英语成绩，同时也会影响后两门考试的心情。

2、列出提纲

考试规定的时间是很有限的，所以不能花太多时间准备一个详细的提纲，但关键词提纲或粗略提纲还是非常有必要的。对原始材料分析归纳后要形成一个基本的框架。文章打算分几段写，每段大概怎样写，字数控制在多少，开头段落是道破主题、点明要旨、引人入胜还是先给出主题一般的背景情况和对主题进行浓缩的陈述，中间段落和结尾又怎样写，等等，这些都要心中有数。有的考生习惯用汉语构思文章，逐句翻译提纲，当碰到某个词卡住时就翻译不下去，僵在那里。要注意列提纲是为了更好更全面地表达主题。主题的表达可有多种形式，不一定非要寻找一个特定的词或句子。考试时考生要充分调动大脑，灵活运用以前所学知识。

3、开始写作

一篇文章往往由四部分组成：标题(title)，首段(opening paragraph),主体(body paragraph),结尾段(concluding paragraph)。标题要新颖，能引起读者兴趣。首段的内容根据文章的体裁而变化：比如议论文可以从一种现象、一种观点出发引出作者的观点，记叙文往往交代人物和故事背景。主体是文章的主要部分，通过合适的语篇模式表达一定的观点，考生要围绕中心按一定顺序分层次有重点地展开叙述、描写和议论。结尾段是对全文的总结，论点上要与前面的叙述保持一致

写好英语文章的20字诀

Agreement: 主语和谓语在人称、数上的一致，关系代词与先行词的一致。Ambiguity: 尽量不去使用可能引起歧义的词语或句子。Brief: 文章“简为贵”，要抓住要点，简明扼要。Coherence: 文理通顺，前后连贯。

Development: 主题的发挥应当充分、合理、正确。

Division: 词汇、句子、段落要分配使用得当，划分要清楚，避免使用重复字句和种子片段。Figures: 正确合理使用各类修辞格式。Inflated diction: 不使用做作的语言。Key: 用适当的关键词突出主题，每段都应有主题句。Logical: 内容要符合逻辑。

Message: 信息要新鲜、确实、可信。Omit: 合理删除多余的不必要部分。

Proposition: 主张、观点、论述要清楚肯切、合情入理。Punctuation: 正确适时使用标点符号。Relevant: 文章一定要要题。

Sentence pattern: 句型要尽量多样化。Strait: 开门见山，直来直去。

Style: 文体恰切，适合内容要求。

Tense: 动词时态要正确、一致、变化合理。Theme: 选题得当，主题突出

坚持八条英文写作守则

1.Organize your thoughts before writing: brainstorm、make an outline、etc.下笔前整合思绪：脑力激荡，写出纲要等。

2.Write clearly.Be concise.Avoid wordiness.写作清晰，务必精简，避免赘言。

3.Use good grammar and write complete sentences.使用好的文法，写出完整句子。

4.Write simple sentences.Avoid a fancy style.尝试简单句，避免花俏的句法。

5.Avoid slang、cliche and informal words.避免俚语、陈腔滥调和非正式用字。

6.Avoid use of the first person(i.e.I/me/my)unless necessary to specific piece.除非必要，避免使用第一人称：如“我/我的”。

7.Writing naturally.Read it aloud.Does it sound natural? Does it flow? 自然挥洒，大声朗诵。整篇文章听起来自然吗？通顺吗？

8.Move logically from one idea to the next.Don't skip steps.上下句意要合乎逻辑。别毫无章法乱跳。

谈英语作文的“写”与“作”

绝大多数的英语学习者，一想到写英语作文，就会头“大”。他们常常苦思冥想，然后草草而就，只求按时“交差”，别的就顾不上了。这种状态下炮制出来的“大作”，其质量可想而知。

对初学者而言，一篇英语作文的过程，至少应该包括两个阶段，“写”与“作”。

所谓“写”的过程应该与中文写作没有很大区别，无非是扣题，构思，表述。惟一要特别注意的是，我们写英语作文时，一般要求的字数比较少，所以我们在文章的结构上更须注意突出重点，集中火力。在非重点部分，不要随便发挥，而应该尽量直奔主题。以本次征文比赛为例，题目是The English Teacher I Admire Most，那么文章的重点应该是讲述why I admire him/her，what is so special about him/her，what I see in him/her，what has made him/her such a wonderful teacher等等，你可以状貌，但主要应该是“写神”，状貌应该简短，应该只起铺垫的作用。写这篇文章当然离不开叙事，全文可能叙述一件或多件事，那么这一件或多件事各自所占的分量应该有分寸，使整篇文章保持平衡。叙事时应该直奔主旨。英语写作的传统非常注重所谓的topic sentence——能够统摄全文或者全段的句子。这个句子最好出现在文章的开头，然后在文章的结尾处用不同的表述呼应这个句子。例如，有一篇应征例文的第一句是这样的：She takes us into the magical English world。这就是一个非常有力的topic sentence。这一个句子就足可吸引读者，让读者相信作者心中对她确实有一种毫无保留甚或“五体投地”的admiration，接下来就会有兴趣了解她究竟有怎样的magic power，让学生如此着迷。这篇文章的结句是her charisma(魅力)is unbelievable，非常有力度，charisma与unbelievable两个词巧妙地呼应了magic这个词。文章需要topic sentence，每个段落最好也要有这样非常powerful的topic sentence。构思完成以后，就是落笔表述的过程。这个过程应该迅速，最好能够一气呼成，不要过多地顾忌是否犯了语法错误，或者表述是否清楚。不要犹犹豫豫，一步三回头，因为在完成了

“写”以后，你还有一个“作”的过程。所谓“作”，就是“精雕细作”。英语初学者常常觉得自己“眼高手低”，想表述的意思难以成文，本来很精致的“意”却表现为颇为笨拙的“文”。这当然与我们掌握的词汇有限相关。但是，我们有限的词汇与表达，经过适当的调度与搭配，还是可以“作”出好文章来的。

我们在写完初稿以后，不妨让自己的好友读一下，看看他是否明白文章的每一个句子。因为作者自己常常把想到而没有表述出来的信息也read into the article，因此不容易发现表述不清的问题。

处理完了表述问题以后，就进入“深加工”阶段。英语写作最强调韵律感，即使是高深的学术文章，读起来常常也会很有“乐感”。这种“乐感”主要来自于句子结构的变化与组合。简而言之，就是长短结合，错落有致。英语的句子结构变化比较多，但我们在写作时受汉语的影响很深，写出的句子常常整齐划一，缺少变化。我们在加工时，就要有意地想：某几个简单句能加工成一个复合句或者复杂句；我们的每一个句子的主语是否都是“人”(从头到尾都是he或者we)，是否可以用一个抽象名词或者一个ing结构来充当其中某些句子的主语，以此构成主语的变化；在一个“意群”中，是否每个句子都是以主语开始；是否每个句子的谓语动词都是简单的一个动词，能否把其中的某一个或几个改成词组；能否构成一个又一个“短句+长句+短句”的意群组合；对于每一个表述，都可以想一下，这种表述是否太中文化，英语是否有更简单的表达。

某个大诗人曾经说过：诗是“写”出来的，而不应该是“作”出来的。但对我们英语初学者而言，在练习时，还是应该一次又一次地、有意识地经历这样的“作”的过程。“作”多了，方能在“临战”时潇洒地“写”。(作者:梁凯文,华东师大英语系副教授)

英语写作中的“结构重组”问题 各类考试中英语写作虽有模板可循，究其实质，仍是汉译英。任何一名考生在英语写作中，难逃“汉译英”的逻辑套路，所走思路一般为先胸中形成汉语意思，再将汉语意思转换为英文，即便英语素养较高的考生，在两者转换过程中没有时间差，出手即英文也是不太可能的。就在这一转换过程中，尽显英雄本色，英语英雄者，妙笔生花，出手不凡；英语笨拙者，最后只能造出个不中不洋的拙劣句子。我们可以给汉译英一个重新定位：包含所有语言信息的一种结构再造。具体说来就是面对一句中文，翻译时要打乱原有语序和结构，自行设计，重组语言信息，无限靠近原汁原味的英语，姑且将这种方法称之为“结构重组”。这一点是基于这么一个事实：英语跟中文的语序和结构不尽一样。下面举例说明：

（1）简单句类（所谓简单句，即是含有一个动词的句子）

看一例：他嗓门大。最容易翻译成：His voice is loud.评语：超级直白

而更好的翻译是：He has a loud voice.其实就成了 他有一个大嗓门。如果第一步便翻译成he has a loud voice，恭喜，你就被归入少数具备英语思维的高手类了，就这么简单。

对策：多多积攒类似例句，然后多多模仿。

试一个：她身材好，便可翻译成：She has a good figure.（2）复杂句类

看一例：我抬头一看，只见一群衣衫褴褛的孩子，默默无声得站于四周，观看着我俩进餐。

按照原文语序很容易翻成：I looked up and saw that a group of children in rags surrounding us silently and seeing us eating dinner.评语：直白，动词堆砌，不流畅。

先准备语言信息：抬头一看：look up；衣衫褴褛的孩子：children in rags；默默：silently；观看：look at。最后范文是：Looking up, I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us as we ate.（新概念3 第48课line35-36）

分析：范文用到了现在分词作伴随状语（looking up,），主动意思由被动形式表达，（were surrounded by）并设计出一个定语从句来（who were looking at us as we ate）原文中看不出来定语（….的）痕迹。

对策，含有多个动词的句子，将动词进行主次区分，次要动词非谓语化，主要动词谓语化，附带从句设计，定语从句首当其冲现行被考虑。

总之，写句子时，不要立马下手，凝神定气，多三思，在结构安排上有所建树和创新，大胆

将信息重组，结构优化，力图写出地道的英文句子，这是个长期的功夫。

最后建议学员可将新概念2，3 册拿来做汉译英的练习，将每篇课文的中文译文试着翻译成英文，再与原文对照，个中差距，一对照即晓个清楚。

怎样获得英语专业四级考试写作高分

(一)写作题的性质

写作是人们表达思想的一种重要手段，我们称之为comprehensive test的综合测试，体现的是学生综合运用语言的能力。因为它不仅考核考生对词汇的掌握、对语法的应用，同时也考查了学生的表达能力、思维的逻辑性和条理性。我们知道，学习英语需掌握四种技能：听、说、读、写。听和读是语言的input(输入)过程，因而对于听力和阅读的测试是考查学习者的被动英文技能；说和写是语言的output(输出)过程，对于口语和写作的测试则是考查学习者的主动英文技能。学习者的被动英文水平往往高于主动英文水平，因此听力理解材料的难度往往大于口语的内容，阅读理解材料的难度往往要大于写作。由此可见，在经过两年基础专业课的学习后，学习者应该将重点放在把被动英文水平转化成主动英文水平上。一旦我们的大脑有了大量的语言输出之后，就能达到出口成章、下笔有神的境界。

(二)英语专业四级写作要求

(1)能根据各种不同的听读材料笔头回答问题，复述内容写摘要、写提纲和记笔记。

(2)能根据题目列出写作提纲，在一小时内写出200～250词的短文。

以上均要求做到内容完整、条理清楚，语法基本正确，语言通顺恰当。

(3)能写一般的书信、通知、便条、请帖，填写简单的表格，格式正确，语言得体。

写作课培养学生初步写作能力，包括提纲、文章摘要、短文以及最简单的常用应用文。

(三)考试大纲对英语专业写作的要求和规定

(1)测试目的：按照英语专业基础阶段英语教学大纲的要求，检查学生在基础阶 段末期的英语写作能力。

(2)题型：主观试题，分为Section A和Section B两个部分。

Section A: Composition写作文

Section B: Note-writing写便条

(3)测试要求：

a)作文。要求根据所给的题目和列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表等(也附有写作提纲)写一篇150词的短文，能做到内容切题、完整，条理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。作文的类别有说明文、议论文或记叙文。考试时间为35分钟。

b)便条。要求根据提示写大约50～60词的便条、通知、请帖等。要求做到格式正确，语言得体。考试时间为10分钟。

(四)英语专业四级写作的评分标准

1.作文的评分标准

(1)文章内容切题、丰富，文章通顺，表达清楚。

(2)行文流畅。

(3)组织严密，逻辑性强。

(4)句型多样化，句法结构正确。

(5)用词得体、恰当、丰富。

(6)语法正确。

(7)拼写及标点正确，书写整洁。

(五)高分密招

很多学习者翻开作文书籍，就如同想打开一本武功秘籍，只希望看到5个字母trick(技巧)。技巧固然十分重要，但在应试准备中，常常需要70%的基础和30%的技巧。这里要提醒 大家的是，不可高估技巧的作用，犹如在武打片中，要想得到某某宝典和剑法，是需要付出惨痛的代价的。

1.在考场中，常常感到无话可说，该怎么办? 的确，在考场中有些考生由于紧张，常常会出现大脑一片空白，在10分钟之内动不了笔。对于这种在考场中思维短路的现象，有两种对策。

对策一：逆向思维法。考生在拿到一个作文话题、但不知该如何动笔时，可以去联想有关该 话题的具体事件，从具体事件中提炼出观点，再将观点反弹回去，即topic具体事件观点。例如看到The Advantage and Disadvantage of TV这个文章题目时，如果不知如何下笔，可以去联想一些具体的电视节目。一提到电视节目，就会自然而然地想到《新闻联播》。《新闻联播》有哪些好处呢?当然是开拓视野，了解世界。同时，还会联想到一些暴力片和色情片，它们对儿童的身心健康发展不利。

对策二：正说反说法。考生在写作中感到观点空洞茫然，不易理论清楚，甚至不知从何谈起时，可以从正、反两个方面对议题进行“摆事实，讲道理”，即“如果这样，就会怎么样； 如果不这样，又会怎么样”。

2.在写作中，遇到不会表达的词语该怎么办?

对于母语是中文的学习者，其中文词汇量往往大于英文词汇量，在英文写作中遇到不能表 达的词语是最正常不过的事情了。但有的考生在遇到不会拼写的单词时，往往绞尽脑汁，冥思苦想，结果造成思维短路，得不偿失。其实，对于这种情况，也有两种对策。

对策一：用其近义词代替。

如在写Student Use of Computer这篇作文时，很多同学以“在 最近10年里，学生使用电脑的小时数一直在增加”这句话来开头。“10年”可以用decade表 示，“增加”可以用ascend表示。但是不知道这两个词或对于它们的拼写没有把握时，可用 其近义词表示，如“10年”直接用ten years就可以，“增加”还可用increase, go up, rise, grow, jump, climb等。在这个时候，考生必须遵守“宁为瓦全，不可玉碎”的原则。这就要求在平时注意多收集一些同义词。如在每一篇作文中都会用到的一个单词“认为”，英文中有很多单词来表达此义，如think, agree, claim, maintain, argue, believe, h old, suggest, view…as, regard…as, consider…(as)。又如另一个单词“目前，最近”，可用nowadays, these years, recently, lately, currently, at present。此外，同义词的收集与运用有助于考生在写作中用词多样化。

对策二：当考生在写作中，既找不到该词 的近义词，又不能用解释性的语言进行阐述时，考生可以考虑用其上义词或下义词来代替。

上义词是对事物的概括性、抽象性说明；下义词是事物的具体表现形式。如Owing a Car这 篇文章谈到拥有汽车的弊端，其中有一点是汽车会排放出一氧化碳(carbon oxide)和二氧化 碳(carbon dioxide),对空气造成污染。当然，如果不知道如何拼写，更不知该如何去 释义一氧化碳和二氧化碳时，可以用它们的上义词poisonous gases来表示，因为不 论是一氧化碳还是二氧化碳都是有毒气体。又如Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus(大学生该如何走出校园了解世界)，提纲的第二点要求是大学生了解社会的途径(大众媒体、社会服务等)。“大众媒体”为mass media，“社会服务”为social service。如果考生不会表达，但是在提纲里又明确规定不能不写时，可以用其下义词来代替。大众媒 体的具体表现形式是TV，radio, newspaper, internet；社会服务的具体表现形式则为par t|time job, tutoring等。因而，考生在写作中遇到不会表达的单词时，应该沉着冷静，考虑用其近义词、上义词或下义词来代替。

如何给阅卷老师留下美好的第一印象

要想作文获得高分，显而易见就是要给阅卷老师留下美好的印象。老师们的阅卷过程是郁闷枯燥的。使自己的文章在大约1分钟的阅读时间内，迅速地在他们的脑海中形成较多的兴奋点，是至关重要的。

首先，作文的写作时间为35分钟，合理的时间安排为10+20+5，前面的10分钟用来读题审题，构思并列提纲，接着的20分钟用来按照提纲写作，最后5分钟用来检查及润色。合理的时 间安排是写出优秀 作文的必不可少的第一步。

其次，卷面的设置。要想让阅卷老师对你的作文试卷有一种赏心悦目的感觉，作文的排版应该不多于2/3，不少于1/3，要留有余地，不要将卷面写得密密麻麻。字体不要过大或过小。字迹要工整。段落方面，英语专业四级考试作文的特点决定了作文写法的基本框架为三段论。俗话说，事不过三，超过了三段后就会让人感到过于繁琐。并且应当注意的是，每段开头都应该有缩进，留有两个单词的位置。

再次，除了形式之外，作文 的内容也尤其重要。阅卷老师阅卷一般是从第一段看语言，从第二段看结构。这就要求考生 的作文开头部分以及每一段的第一句一定要写得像英文，不要出现任何的拼写或语法错误。除了语言的地道外，还要求作文有层次感。可以用一系列表示逻辑关系的连词，即路标 词来表示思路的清晰，如and, however, furthermore,also, what"s more等。此外，还可 以用对等的句式结构，如for one thing, for another； On the one hand, on the other hand等来增加文章的层次感。总之，议论文对语言的要求主要体现在三个方面：①用 恰当的逻辑词表现文章的逻辑性。②要注意自然段与主题句的运用，即用自然段表现出文章 的逻辑性，并在每段中用主题句说明要点，给人一目了然的感觉。③要注意句型结构，注意 每句的重心和句与句之间的衔接，使句意一环扣一环，避免松散。

便条的写作

便条是一种简单的书信形式。要求学生仔细阅读和分析所给的情景，确定便条所涉及的内容，如写便条者与便条接收者的身份、两者之间的关系及情景的正式程度等。便条的特点在于内容简短，大多是临时性的询问、留言、通知、要求等。与正规书信相比，便条的语言更为口语化。有急事需告诉别人而又不能面谈时，就可以写便条，如请假条、留言条等。一般不写地址，与普通书信基本相同。结尾时也无需要结尾礼词，只需要写上便条者姓名。便条的日期一般只要写上星期几，也可以写明上午、下午的具体时间。便条具有用途广泛、形式简单、文字要求不十分严格的特点。

Should higher education be available to all students or only to good students? TOPIC:

Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students.Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students.Discuss these views.Which view do you agree with? Explain why.Some people believe that only good students should have access to a university education.Others posit that higher education should be open to everyone, regardless of their academic abilities.I agree with the former opinion.Universities should only allow good students into their programs because these students value the importance of a good education and are interested in furthering their education.Furthermore, if all students were allowed into universities, the schools would quickly become saturated, and the quality of education received would diminish.A university education is very important to a good student.This type of student has set his/her sights on a university education from early on, and has put in the necessary work to earn a place in a good university.Poor students who did not try to achieve good grades in high school obviously do not care about their education, and therefore, do not deserve to go to university.However, if these poor students go back to school and improve their grades, they should also be allowed to go to university.Good students are very interested in furthering their education.They have put copious amounts of work into their education, and are interested in learning more.Poor students are usually not as interested in furthering their education.If they were interested in this, they would have tried harder to begin with.With that said, let us suppose for a moment that universities did allow all students, regardless of their grades, into university.The school would quickly become overfull, and good students, who really care about their education, would suffer because of it.They might not be able to get into the classes they want, and if they do get in, there might be so many students in the class that it is impossible to learn.In conclusion, I think that it is important to save a university education for those who really want it-good students.If a poor student wishes to go to university, then he/she will have to return to high school and improve his/her grades.TOPIC: [命题作文欣赏] Should schools ask students to evaluate their teachers?

Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers.Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Teachers have a very difficult job in society.They not only have to learn how to teach material effectively, but also must learn how to deal with a wide variety of personalities.While teaching is a difficult job, I think it is important for schools to ask students to evaluate their teachers.I think this is the right thing to do because it encourages teachers to try their best, it gives students the opportunity to choose effective teachers, and it allows the schools to have the best teachers possible teaching.If a teacher knows that at the end of the term, the students will be evaluating his/her work, then the teacher will be driven to do a very good job.If there is no pressure from evaluation, a teacher might be prone to doing a less than perfect job.I believe that everyone needs an occasional evaluation to ensure they are doing their job correctly.In the case of a teacher, the students will give the most important evaluations.If there was a public summary of which teacher scored the highest on his/her evaluations, then students would be able to take courses based on which teacher was the best at the job.This would allow students to excel in their studies, and achieve better grades.Finally, if schools ask students to evaluate their teachers, the schools themselves would be able to have the best teachers working on campus.If a teacher scored too low on an evaluation, a replacement could be found.This is a much better method than waiting for students to complain about a teacher.Teachers do have a difficult job, but regardless of this, they must excel at it.If a person is a particularly poor teacher, the students will not learn the required material, and suffer for it.

第三篇：专业英语答案

UNIT 4

1.土地利用与人类活动密切相关，人们通过利用土地来谋生。

The land use has to do with human activities.Peopleearn their living by using the land.2.衡量人口的指标通常有出生率、死亡率以及人口增长率等。

There are always some indexes such as the birth rate, the death rate and the growth rate to measure the population.3.医疗条件的改善、技术的进步以及人口的迁移导致人口近年来的迅速增长。The improved medical care, the progress of technology and the migration have led to the rapid increase of population in the recent years.4.人口在全球的分布是不均衡的，可以用人口密度来衡量人口分布的情况。The population distributes unevenly around world, which can be measured by the density of population.5有的发展中国家后来发现了其他国家和地区缺少的资源，如石油。他们利用通过石油赚取的财富来发展教育和医疗，结果是许多人的预期寿命大大延长了。Some developing counties in time discovered theresourcessuch as petroleum which are in shortages in the other countries.They use the treasures earned from petroleum to develop education and medical care, resulting in a much longer life expectancy.英语作业：环境问题的根源在于人口增长还是资源的过度消耗？

Which is the cause of the environment problem, population explosion or overuse of resources?

UNIT 5

1.在空中，你可以凭借地面闪烁的灯光将城市与其他地区区别开来。

In the air, you can tell a city from the other regions by the glowing lights on the horizon.2.世界绝大多数的人口都集中分布在城市地区，这是人口分布不均衡的显著特征。

Most of the people in the world densely distribute in the urban areas, which is the distinguished feature of the uneven distribution of p

opulation.3.城市的区位受到很多因素的影响，包括环境、交通、防御以及接近原料和资源产地。

A lot of factors have influenced on the location of a city, including environment, transportation, defense and nearness to resources and raw materials.4.许多古代城市都有城墙来抵御敌人的进攻。近代，由于新式武器的产生，防御对于城市来讲不再像以前那么重要了。

Many ancient cities had walls to protect them against the enemy’s attack.In time, due to the invention of new weapon, defense is less important to cities than it used to.5.世界主要的宗教有基督教、佛教、犹太教和伊斯兰教。宗教对于城市的产生和定位起到了十分重要的影响和作用，形成和发展了像耶路撒冷、梵蒂冈等这样的宗教中心城市。

The major religions are Christianity, Buddhism, Judaism and Islam.The religion made a great difference location of cities, which made and developed the religious center cities such as Vatican and Jerusalem.有第四课和第五课的作业参考答案，给大家看看 吧

第四篇：专业英语四级作文真题参考

2011年专业英语四级作文真题参考范文

2011专四便条写作真题网友参考范文

April 20, 2008

Dear my friend,The summer vacation is coming next month.I hope you will visit our home town and stay with us.It's very beautiful here with everything in bloom now.If possible, you can come here by the train No.1010, which will arrive here at 18:00.I am looking forward to seeing you as soon as possible.Sincerely,2011年专四作文真题网友参考范文

Should private car owners be taxed for pollution?私家车主是否应交污染税？

With the development of society, many people can afford a car.As the number of the cars is rising, we are facing some problems.One big problem is the pollution caused by the use of cars.In order to solve this problem, government agencies in some big cities recently suggest that a “pollution tax” should be put on private cars in order to control the number of cars and reduce pollution in the city.For my part, I agree to this viewpoint, and my reasons are as follows:

To begin with, cars contribute to the environmental pollution.For example, a lot of big cities in China are now plagued by serious air pollution.Then it is the responsibility of these private car owners to pay for the pollution and they should be taxed.The purpose of collecting environmental pollution tax is to raise the fund, and then utilize the tax revenue lever to protect our environment.Secondly, it is a good way to raise people’s environmental awareness by putting a pollution tax on private cars.If people suffer from the financial loss when making a decision, they will think more about their decision.Then they will consider more when deciding to buy a private car.Consequently, the increase rate of the number of the private cars can be controlled.In a word, it is a very good and necessary attempt to use the means of taxation to treat the pollution.Of course, it must be kept in mind that all people, including the private car owners, should try their best to protect the environment.该文章转载自无忧考网：http://

第五篇：2012专业英语试卷答案

学号：_____________ 班级：__________ 姓名：_______________ 专业：__________

湖北医药学院2014-2015学年第 一 学期

专业 12 级本科课程结业考试

《

专业英语 》试卷（A）

I.Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D(40points)1.Which of the following suffixes does not mean “pertaining to”? A.-ic

B.-al

C.-ar

D.-our 2.Which of the following combining forms means cell? A.-cyte

B.cyt/o

C.cel/o

D.both a and b 3.Which of the following forms means tissue? A.erythr/o

B.immun/o

C.hist/o

D.vascul/o 4.An-means ______.A.up

B.down

C.apart

D.without 5.The suffix-itis means _______.A.infammation

B.inflammation

C.inflammazed

D.instrument 6.The combining form of radi/o means _________.A.radar

B.x-ray

C.radio

D.both B and C 7.The instrument for viewing is –scope whereas the instrument for cutting is_____.A.–scopy

B.–tome

C.–meter

D.–graph 8.Which of the following forms refers to “surgical incision of ?” A.–tomy

B.-stomy

C.–tome

D.–ectomy 9.A record of electric wave occurring in the brain is called _______.A.electroencephogram B.electromyogram

C.electrocardiogram

D.electroencephalogram 10.Stethalgia means the pain of chest, which can also be expressed in ____.A.stethodynia

B.thoracalgia

C.thoracodynia

D.all of the above 11.Which of the following forms means fungus? A.my/o

B.myel/o

C.myc/o

D.none of the above 12.The combining form meaning “the skin” is _______.A.dem/o

B.derm/o

C.dermat/o

D.both B and C 13.Which of the following combining vowel means blood vessels ? A.vascul/o

B.angi/o

C.chromat/o

D.Both A and B 14.The term meaning “pertaining to secretion” is _______.A.crinogenic

B.endocrine

C.crinologic

D.endocardial 15.The disease of having too many white blood cells is referred to as _______.A.leukocyte

B.leukemia

C.leukogenesis

D.erythrocyte 16.Inflammation of liver is known in English as ________.A.bronchitis

B.pneumonitis

C.gastritis

D.hepatitis 17.-plasm means _______.A.treatment

B.knowledge

C.diagnosis

D.growth 18.Mammo/o refers to _______.A.mother

B.thymus gland

C.thyroid gland

D.breast 19.Which of the following does not mean “within or in”? A.en-

B.endo-

C.intra-

D.none of the above 20._______ means surgical repair of an organ.A.phag/o

B.–plasm

C.–plasty

D.–pathy

21.Spir/o is a combining form meaning ______.A.see

B.sight

C.breath

D.sport 22.Inflammation of lungs is known as _______.A.pneumonitis

B.pneumonia

C.pulmonitis

D.All of the above 23.Which of the following forms means “protection or safe” ?

A.immun/o

B.lymph/o

C.erythr/o

D.None of the above 24.Cardiopathy means _________.A.heart failure

B.heart disease

C.brain disease

D.skeletal disease 25.Which of the following combining forms does not refer to an organ?

A.hepat/o

B.gastr/o

C.psych/o

D.nephr/o 26.The color of something best expressed in medical terminology is _______.A.chrom/o

B.chromomat/o

C.chramat/o

D.Both A and B 27.Which of the following means “cell”?

A.cyt/o

B.cyst/o

C.–cyte

D.Both A and C 28.Bi-means ______.A.life

B.two

C.across

D.Both A and B 29.The form meaning arteries is ________.A.arter/o

B.arteri/o

C.arthr/o

D.artheri/o 30.The prefix with the meaning of bad is ______.A.mal-

B.dys-

C.polio-

D.Both A and B 31.The flesh is expressed in the combining form of _______.A.top/o

B.ten/o

C.thym/o

D.sarc/o 32.The combining vowel for angitis is ____________.A.a

B.o

C.e

D.i 33.Hypo-means having _______ of something.A.too much or too high

B.too little or too low

C.over

D.below 34.Morph/o means ______.A.many

B.maxillae

C.shape

D.head 35.“Pertaining to nourishment or development” is expressed in _________.A.–tropy

B.–trophy

C.-tropic

D.-trophic 36.The process of recording sth is expressed in _________.A.-graph

B.-gram

C.-graphy

D.-scope 37.The formation of blood is also known as ______.A.hematopoiesis

B.hemopoiesis

C.homopoiesis

D.both A and B 38.Because the strands are readily stained with dyes, they are called_______.A.chromosomes

B.protoplasm

C.cytoplasm

D.chromatin

39.The science that deals with cells on the smallest structural and functional level is called _____.A.biology

B.microbiology

C.homostasis

D.molecular biology 40.An instrument for measuring the cell counts of red blood cells is an _______.A.erythrocyte

B.erythrogenesis

C.erythrocytometer

D.erythrocytograph II.Find the best answer to the following abbreviations.(10 points)41.SARS

A.Serious Acute Respiratary Syndrome

B.Severe Acute Respiration System C.Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

D.Severe Acute Respiratary Syndrome 42.T.B

A.tuberclosis

B.tubercluosis

C.tubaclosis

D.tuberculosis 43.Ig A.immunoglobin

B.immunogloblin

C.immunoglobulin D.immunoglubin 44.RNA A.ribonuclear acid

B.ribonucleic acid

C.ribanucleic acid D.ribonucleic acid 45.USG A.ultrosonograhy

B.ultrasonograhy

C.ultrosonography

D.ultrasonography 46.ECG

58.光纤技术

A.optic fiber technology

B.fiber optic techonology C.fiber optic technology

D.optic fiber techonology 59.肌肉收缩

A.muscle contraction

B.muscular contraction

C..musclar contraction

D.Both A and B 60.血供

A． supply blood

B.blood supply

C.protein molecule

D.extensor IV.Reading Comprehension.(40 points)A.electrocardiogram

B.electrocardiography

C.electroencephogram D.electroencephalogram 47.CT

A.computed tomograhy B.computed tomography C.computerized tomograhy

D.computerized tomography

48.MRI

A.Magnetic resononce image

B.Magnetic resonance image

C.Magnetic resononce imaging D.Magnetic resonance imaging 49.VD

A.varied disease

B.venareal disease

C.venereal disease

D.vocal disease 50.GI

A.gastrointral

B.gastrointervention

C.gastrointestinal

D.gastrointersectional

III.Find the best answer to the following translations.(10 points)51.心血管疾病

A.cardiavasclar disease

B.cardiavascular disease

C.cardiovasclar disease

D.cardiovascular disease 52.随意肌

A.voluntary muscle

B.involuntary muscle

C.smooth muscle

D.cardiac muscle 53 脉冲信号

A.pulse

B.impulse

C.impulsive

D.pulsive 54.转换

A.transformation

B.transaction

C.transmute

D.transmission 55.功能失调

A.malfunction

B.dysfunction

C.maloperation

D.disoperation 56.局部化的感染

A.local infection

B.localized infection

C.local inflammation

D.localized inflammation 57.乐观的预后

A.optimistic pregnosis

B.optimistic prognosis

C.pessimistic pregnosis D.pessimistic prognosis