哈佛校训二十条(中英文对照)[大全]

第一篇：哈佛校训二十条(中英文对照)[大全]

哈佛校训二十条（中英文对照）博文五周年

(2010-09-30 11:03:50)

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标签： 哈佛校训

哈佛大学

校园 分类： 一博到底

0、Let Plato be your friend and Aristotle but more let your friend be truth.“Amicus Plato, Amicus Aristotle, sed Magis Amicus VERITAS.”（拉丁文）

0.“与柏拉图为友，与亚里斯多德为友，更与真理为友”。

1.This moment will nap, you will have a dream;But this moment study, you will interpret a dream.1.此刻打盹，你将做梦；而此刻学习，你将圆梦。

2.I leave uncultivated today, was precisely yesterday perishes tomorrow which person of the body implored.2.我荒废的今日，正是昨日殒身之人祈求的明日。

3.Thought is already is late, exactly is the earliest time.3.觉得为时已晚的时候，恰恰是最早的时候。

4.Not matter of the today will drag tomorrow.4.勿将今日之事拖到明日。

5.Time the study pain is temporary，has not learned the pain is life-long.5.学习时的苦痛是暂时的，未学到的痛苦是终生的。

6.Studies this matter, lacks the time, but is lacks diligently.6.学习这件事，不是缺乏时间，而是缺乏努力。

7.Perhaps happiness does not arrange the position, but succeeds must arrange the position.7.幸福或许不排名次，但成功必排名次。

8.The study certainly is not the life complete.But, since continually life part of-studies also is unable to conquer, what but also can make? 8.学习并不是人生的全部。但，既然连人生的一部分——学习也无法征服，还能做什么呢？

9.Please enjoy the pain which is unable to avoid.9.请享受无法回避的痛苦。

10.Only has compared to the others early, diligently diligently, canfeel the successful taste.10.只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。

11.Nobody can casually succeed, it comes from the thoroughself-control and the will.11.谁也不能随随便便成功，它来自彻底的自我管理和毅力。

12.The time is passing.12.时间在流逝。

13.Now drips the saliva, will become tomorrow the tear.13.现在淌的哈喇子，将成为明天的眼泪。

14.The dog equally study, the gentleman equally plays.14.狗一样地学，绅士一样地玩。

15.Today does not walk, will have to run tomorrow.15.今天不走，明天要跑。

16.The investment future person will be, will be loyal to the realityperson.16.投资未来的人是，忠于现实的人。

17.The education level represents the income.17.教育程度代表收入。

18.One day, has not been able again to come.18.一天过完，不会再来。

19.Even if the present, the match does not stop changes the page 19.即使现在，对手也不停地翻动书页。

20.Has not been difficult, then does not have attains 20.没有艰辛，便无所得.世界上最经典的一句话 不走寻常路

时间:2011-8-17来源:经典短信 作者: 短信大全点击:368次

TAG: 世界上最经典的一句话

1.不如意的时候不要尽往悲伤里钻，想想有笑声的日子吧

2.当思念太过积聚，深沉的有如负赘，会使一些遥远记忆中的说话浮到嘴边，让人忍不住想再听一遍。因为没人堪寄，所以只能借一双耳朵、、说给自己听。会使你泪流满面

3.当一个人真正觉悟的一刻，他放弃追寻外在世界的财富，而开始追寻他内心世界的真正财富

4.等待不苦，苦的是没有希望的等待。

5.第一个青春是上帝给的；第二个的青春是靠自己努力的

6.对于现在，我的信仰就是，以其绚烂的生命，将那些寂寞而惆怅的烟云驱逐殆尽

7.多希望时间能够停留在彼此抱着的那一瞬间

8.发光并非太阳的专利，你也可以发光

9.付出没有得到回报那很正常，就像食堂里吃饭，给的钱一样，别人碗里的肉比你多一样的道理。

10.很多时候我们不知道，却假装知道；很多事情我们知道，却假装不知道；很多时候我们不开心，却假装很开心。

积极上进的语言 全世界就都在你手心

时间:2011-8-17来源:经典短信 作者: 短信大全点击:1065次

TAG: 积极上进的语言

1.人生像一本书，愚人哗啦哗啦地翻它，而贤者潜心细读。珍爱生命吧，因为它短暂得经不起挥霍，精打细算地去花费你有限的生命吧。

2.人生有许多的喜乐哀乐，让我们用一颗平心去对待人生吧，祝你心情快点好起来。

3.人总会遇到挫折,只要你不怕跌倒你一定会开创出自己的一片天地来,记得还有我在你身边鼓励你!4.生活中若没有朋友，就像生活中没有阳光一样。

5.生气是拿别人做错的事来惩罚自己

6.世界上最成功的人往往不是最有才华的人，7.虽然我们无法改变人生，但我们可以改变人生观；虽然我们无法改变环境，但我们可以改变心境！

8.我们相聚在空间里，有着最珍贵的情谊。

9.我无所事事的度过了今天，是昨天死去的人们所期望的明天。

10.握紧拳头时，好像抓住了许多东西，其实连空气都没抓到！张开双臂时，好像双手空空，但全世界就都在你手心！

鼓励自己的句子 对自己要有信心

时间:2011-9-8来源:经典短信 作者: 短信大全点击:1261次

TAG: 鼓励自己的句子

1.if you would have a thing well done, do it yourself.想把事情来做好，就得亲自动手搞。

2.不要小看自己。

3.不要用自己的短处去比别人的长处。

4.成功并不取决于你目前所处的位置，而取决于你所朝的方向

5.对自己要有信心。

6.人生最大的失败是错过后不再去追求

7.人之所以能，是相信能。

8.如果你还可以努力、可以付出，就不要轻言停止和放弃。在你停止努力的那一刻之前，一切都还没有什么真正的结果。

9.设计一个自己能达到的目标，告诉自己：我能行

10.生气是拿别人做错的事来惩罚自己。

安慰失意朋友的话 逝去的不要再去挽留

时间:2011-6-15来源:经典短信 作者: 短信大全点击:1488次

TAG: 安慰失意朋友的话 安慰人的话 不要挽留 朋友

1.不必惆怅，让我们一起撕下这一页日历，该逝去的不要再去挽留它。

2.不要太肯定自己的看法，这样子比较少后悔。

3.不要为明天忧虑，因为明天自有明天的忧虑，一天的难处一天受就足够了。

4.得不到的东西，我们会一直以为他是美好的，那是因为你对他了解太少，没有时间与他相处在一起。当有一天，你深入了解后，你会发现原不是你想像中的那么美好。

5.多一分心力去注意别人，就少一分心力反省自己，你懂吗？

6.根本不必回头去看咒骂你的人是谁？如果有一条疯狗咬你一口，难道你也要趴去反咬他一口吗？

7.活着一天，就是有福气，就该珍惜。当我哭泣我没有鞋子穿的时候，我发现有人却没有脚。

8.境由心造退后一步自然宽，事在人为莫道万般皆是命。

9.你永远要感谢给你逆境的众生。

10.情执是苦恼的原因，放下情执，你才能得到自在。

第二篇：名大学校训的中英文对照版

俗话说“细微之处见精神”，一所大学的校训在很大程度上能反映出其精神风貌。里面特搜集了中国(包括港澳台地区)一些著名高等学府的中英文校训：

Peking University(founded in 1898)： Patriotism, Advancement, Democracy and Science

北京大学(创建于1898年)：爱国 进步 民主 科学

Tsinghua University(founded as early as 1911)： Self-discipline and Social Commitment

清华大学(始建于1911年)：自强不息 厚德载物

Wuhan University(date back to 1893)： Improve Yourself, Carry Forward Stamina, Seek Truth and Develop Innovations

武汉大学(前身建于1893年)：自强 弘毅 求是 拓新

Tianjin University(founded in 1895)： Seek Truth from Facts

天津大学(创建于1895年)：实事求是

Zhejiang University(founded in 1897)： Seek Truth and Be Creative

浙江大学(创建于1897年)：求是创新

Shandong University(founded in 1901)： Noble in Spirit;Boundless in Knowledge

山东大学(创建于1901年)：气有浩然 学无止境

Nanjing University(founded in 1902)： Be Honest and Intelligent, Study Hard and Act Sincerely

南京大学(创建于1902年)：诚朴雄伟 励学敦行

Beijing Normal University(founded in 1902)： Learn to be an Excellent Teacher;Act as an Exemplary Person

北京师范大学(创建于1902年)：学为人师 行为世范

Southeast University(founded in 1902)： Strive for Perfection

东南大学(创建于1902年)：止于至善

Fudan University(founded as early as 1905)： Rich in Knowledge andTenacious of Purpose;Inquiring with Earnestness and Reflecting withSelf-practice

复旦大学(始建于1905年)：博学而笃志 切问而近思

Jinan University(founded in 1906)： Loyalty, Credibility, Sincerity, and Piety

暨南大学(创建于1906年)：忠信笃敬

Tongji University(founded in 1907)： Discipline, Practicality, Unity and Creativity

同济大学(创建于1907年)：严谨 求实 团结 创新

Nankai University(founded in 1919)： Dedication to PublicInterests, Acquisition of All-round Capability, and Aspiration forProgress with Each Day

南开大学(创建于1919年)：允公允能 日新月异

Harbin Institute of Technology(founded in 1920)： Strict Standard and Sufficient Effort

哈尔滨工业大学(创建于1920年)：规格严格 工夫到家

Xiamen University(founded in1921)： Pursue Excellence, Strive for Perfection

厦门大学(创建于1921年)：自强不息 止于至善

Sun Yat-sen University(founded in 1924)： Study Extensively,Enquire Accurately, Reflect Carefully, Discriminate Clearly, PractiseEarnestly

中山大学(创建于1924年)：博学 审问 慎思 明辨 笃行

Renmin University of China(date back to 1937)： Seek Truth from Facts

中国人民大学(前身建于1937年)：实事求是

Beijing Institute of Technology(founded in 1939)： Solidarity, Diligence, Practicality and Creativity

北京理工大学(创建于1939年)：团结 勤奋 求实 创新

Beijing Foreign Studies University(founded in 1941)： Be United, Alert, Earnest and Lively

北京外国语大学(创建于1941年)：团结 紧张 严肃 活泼

National University of Defense Technology(founded in 1953)： Dedication and Practicality

国防科学技术大学(创建于1953年)：奉献 求实

University of Science and Technology of China(founded in 1958)：Socialist-minded and Professionally Proficient, Associating Truth withFact

中国科学技术大学(创建于1958年)：红专并进 理实交融

National Tai Wan University(date back to 1927)：Cultivate Your Virtue, Advance Your Intellect;Love Your Country and People

国立台湾大学(前身建于1927年)：敦品 励学 爱国 爱人

Hong Kong Polytechnic University(founded in 1937)： To Learn and to Apply for the Benefit of Mankind

香港理工大学(创建于1937年)：开物成务 励学利民

第三篇：中国高校哈佛校训

中国高校哈佛校训大全

中国高校哈佛校训大全

素材来源/网络

编辑制作/荷花小女子安徽大学：至诚至坚博学笃行

长安大学：求是笃学 敬业 创新

重庆大学：耐劳苦尚俭朴 勤学业 爱国家 东北大学：自强不息知行合一 东华大学：严谨勤奋 求实 创新 东南大学：止於至善

复旦大学：博学而笃志切问而近思 福州大学：明德至诚博学远志

河海大学：艰苦朴素实事求是 严格要求 勇于探索 黑龙江大学：博学慎思参天尽物 湖南大学：博学睿思勤勉致知 华侨大学：会通中外并育德才 吉林大学：求实创新励志图强 集美大学：诚毅 暨南大学：忠信笃敬

兰州大学：博学笃行自强为新 南京大学：诚朴雄伟励学敦 南开大学：允公允能日新月异 北京大学：勤奋严谨 求实 创新 青岛大学：博学笃志明德求真 守正出奇 山东大学：气有浩然学无止境 汕头大学：创新求实 勤奋 团结 上海大学：自强不息

四川大学：海纳百川有容乃大 苏州大学：养天地正气法古今完人 清华大学：自强不息厚德载物 同济大学：严谨求实 团结 创新 天津大学：实事求是

武汉大学：自强弘毅 求是 拓新 西北大学：公诚勤朴

厦门大学：自强不息止于至善 湘潭大学：博学笃行盛德日新 新疆大学：团结紧张 质朴 活泼 扬州大学：求是求实 求新 求真

云南大学：立一等品格求一等学识 成一等事业 浙江大学：求是创新 中南大学：经世致用 中国人民大学：实事求是

中山大学：博学审问 慎思 明辨 笃行 北京航空航天大学：德才兼备知行合一 北京交通大学：知行

北京科技大学：学风严谨崇尚实践 北京理工大学：团结勤奋 求实 创新 北京邮电大学：厚德博学 敬业 乐群 大连理工大学：团结进取 求实 创新 电子科技大学：团结勤奋 求实 创新 国防科学技术大学：厚德博学强军兴国 哈尔滨工业大学：规格严格功夫到家 哈尔滨理工大学：知行统一博厚悠远 华东交通大学：团结严谨 求实 勤奋 华东理工大学：求实勤奋

华中科技大学：明德厚学求是创新 辽宁工程技术大学：诚朴求是博学笃行 南京航空航天大学：团结俭朴 唯实 创新 南京理工大学：团结献身求是创新 兰州交通大学：文明进取 求实 创新 石油大学：勤奋严谨求实创新 上海交通大学：饮水思源爱国荣校 太原理工大学：求实创新

武汉理工大学：团结严谨 求实 创新 西安理工大学：祖国荣誉 责任

西安交通大学：精勤求学，敦笃励志，果毅力行，忠恕任事 西北工业大学：公诚 勇毅

西南交通大学：精勤求学敦笃励志 果毅力行 忠恕任事 中国地质大学(北京)：艰苦朴素 求真务实

中国地质大学(武汉)：艰苦奋斗 团结活泼 严格谦逊 求实进取

中国海洋大学：海纳百川至人至德 中国科学技术大学：红专并进理实交融 中国矿业大学：勤奋求实进取奉献 北京师范大学：学为人师行为世范 东北师范大学：勤奋创新为人师表 广西师范大学：学高为师身正为范 河南师范大学：厚德博学止于至善 华东师范大学：求实创造为人师表

华南师范大学：艰苦奋斗严谨治学 求实创新 为人师表 华中师范大学：求实创新立德树人 山东师范大学：弘德明志博学笃行 陕西师范大学：厚德积学励志敦行 首都师范大学：为学为师求实求新 四川师范大学：重德博学 务实 尚美 安徽财经大学：诚信博学知行统一 东北财经大学：博学济世

对外经济贸易大学：博学诚信 求索 笃行 国家会计学院：不作假账 江西财经大学：信敏廉毅 上海财经大学：经世济国

浙江工商大学：立志创新勤奋求实 中国青年政治学院：实事求是朝气蓬勃 中国政法大学：厚德明法 格物 致公 中南财经政法大学：博文明理厚德济世 中央财经大学：忠诚团结 求实 创新 北京林业大学：养青松正气法竹梅风骨 华南农业大学：修德博学 求实 创新 华中农业大学：团结勤俭求是奋进 南京农业大学：团结勤奋 求实 创新

山东农业大学：爱国爱农 爱校 求真 求知 求实 四川农业大学：追求真理造福人类 自强不息 中国农业大学：博大精深

北京中医药大学：勤求博采厚德济生 哈尔滨医科大学：政治坚定技术优良 南京中医药大学：自信敬业 首都医科大学：扶伤济世敬德修业 中国协和医科大学：严谨博精 创新 奉献 中国药科大学：严谨求实 团结 创新 中国医科大学：仁慈谨慎博雅汇通 北京第二外国语学院：明德勤学 求是 竞先 广东外语外贸大学：明德尚行学贯中西 中南民族大学：笃信好学自然宽和 中央民族大学：团结求实 文明 创新 北京体育大学：爱国拼搏 求实 创新 北京舞蹈学院：文舞相融德艺双馨 鲁迅美术学院：紧张严肃 刻苦 虚心 中国传媒大学：立德敬业 博学 竞先 哈佛大学励志名言20条

1．现在睡觉的话会做梦 而现在学习的话会让梦实现 This moment will nap, you will have a dream;But this moment study,you will interpret a dream.2．我无所事事地度过的今天是昨天死去的人们所奢望的明天

I leave uncultivated today, was precisely yesterday perishes tomorrow which person of the body implored.3．感到晚了的时候其实是最快的时候

Thought is already is late, exactly is the earliest time.4．不要把今天的事拖到明天

Not matter of the today will drag tomorrow.5．学习的痛苦是一时的 而没有学习的痛苦是一辈子的 Time the study pain is temporary, has not learned the pain islife-long.6．学习不是人生的全部 但连学习都征服不了 你还能做什么？

The study certainly is not the life complete.But, sincecontinually life part of-studies also is unable to conquer, what butalso can make?

7．学习不是因为缺少时间而是缺少努力

Studies this matter, lacks the time, but is lacks diligently.8．所有人的成功都不是偶然的

Nobody can casually succeed, it comes from the thoroughself-control and the will.9.无法避免的痛苦就去享受吧！

Please enjoy the pain which is unable to avoid.10．早起的鸟儿有虫吃

Only has compared to the others early, diligently diligently, canfeel the successful taste.11．成功并不属于每个人 Nobody can casually succeed 12.时间在流逝 HOW time flies 13.今天流下的口水将变成明天流下的泪水 Now drips the saliva, will become tomorrow the tear.14.像狗一样学习

The dog equally study, the gentleman equally plays.15.如果今天不走的话 明天就要跑

Today does not walk, will have to run tomorrow.16.为未来投资的人是对现实忠实的人

The investment future person will be, will be loyal to the realityperson.17.学历就是金钱

The education level represents the income.18.今天度过的一天明天就找不回来了 One day, has not been able again to come.19.即使现在这一瞬间对手的书桌还堆满了书

Even if the present, the match does not stop changes the page.20.No pains no gains不劳无获

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第四篇：朱棣文哈佛大学毕业演讲(中英文对照)

朱棣文哈佛大学毕业演讲

Madam President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, faculty, family, friends, and, most importantly, today's graduates, 尊敬的Faust校长，哈佛集团的各位成员，监管理事会的各位理事，各位老师，各位家长，各位朋友，以及最重要的各位毕业生同学，Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you.感谢你们，让我有机会同你们一起分享这个美妙的日子。

I am not sure I can live up to the high standards of Harvard Commencement speakers.Last year, J.K.Rowling, the billionaire novelist, who started as a classics student, graced this podium.The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd stood here.Today, sadly, you have me.I am not wealthy, but at least I am a nerd.我不太肯定，自己够得上哈佛大学毕业典礼演讲人这样的殊荣。去年登上这个讲台的是，英国亿万身家的小说家J.K.Rowling女士，她最早是一个古典文学的学生。前年站在这里的是比尔•盖茨先生，他是一个超级富翁、一个慈善家和电脑高手。今年很遗憾，你们的演讲人是我，虽然我不是很有钱，但是至少我也算一个高手。

I am grateful to receive an honorary degree from Harvard, an honor that means more to me than you might care to imagine.You see, I was the academic black sheep of my family.My older brother has an M.D./Ph.D.from MIT and Harvard while my younger brother has a law degree from Harvard.When I was awarded a Nobel Prize, I thought my mother would be satisfied.Not so.When I called her on the morning of the announcement, she replied, “That's nice, but when are you going to visit me next.” Now, as the last brother with a degree from Harvard, maybe, at last, she will be satisfied.我很感激哈佛大学给我荣誉学位，这对我很重要，也许比你们会想到的还要重要。要知道，在学术上，我是我们家的不肖之子。我的哥哥在麻省理工学院得到医学博士，在哈佛大学得到哲学博士；我的弟弟在哈佛大学得到一个法律学位。我本人得到诺贝尔奖的时候，我想我的妈妈会高兴。但是，我错了。消息公布的那天早上，我给她打电话，她听了只说：“这是好消息，不过我想知道，你下次什么时候来看我？”如今在我们兄弟当中，我最终也拿到了哈佛学位，我想这一次，她会感到满意。

Another difficulty with giving a Harvard commencement address is that some of you may disapprove of the fact that I have borrowed material from previous speeches.I ask that you forgive me for two reasons.在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲，还有一个难处，那就是你们中有些人可能有意见，不喜欢我重复前人演讲中说过的话。我要求你们谅解我，因为两个理由。

First, in order to have impact, it is important to deliver the same message more than once.In science, it is important to be the first person to make a discovery, but it is even more important to be the last person to make that discovery.首先，为了产生影响力，很重要的方法就是重复传递同样的信息。在科学中，第一个发现者是重要的，但是在得到公认前，最后一个将这个发现重复做出来的人也许更重要。

Second, authors who borrow from others are following in the footsteps of the best.Ralph Waldo Emerson, who graduated from Harvard at the age of 18, noted “All my best thoughts were stolen by the ancients.” Picasso declared “Good artists borrow.Great artists steal.” Why should commencement speakers be held to a higher standard? 其次，一个借鉴他人的作者，正走在一条前人开辟的最佳道路上。哈佛大学毕业生、诗人爱默生曾经写下：“古人把我最好的一些思想都偷走了。”画家毕加索宣称“优秀的艺术家借鉴，伟大的艺术家偷窃。”那么为什么毕业典礼的演说者，就不适用同样的标准呢？

I also want to point out the irony of speaking to graduates of an institution that would have rejected me, had I the chutzpah to apply.I am married to “Dean Jean,” the former dean of admissions at Stanford.She assures me that she would have rejected me, if given the chance.When I showed her a draft of this speech, she objected strongly to my use of the word “rejected.” She never rejected applicants;her letters stated that “we are unable to offer you admission.” I have difficulty understanding the difference.After all, deans of admissions of highly selective schools are in reality, “deans of rejection.” Clearly, I have a lot to learn about marketing.我还要指出一点，向哈佛毕业生发表演说，对我来说是有讽刺意味的，因为如果当年我斗胆向哈佛大学递交入学申请，一定会被拒绝。我的妻子Jean当过斯坦福大学的招生主任，她向我保证，如果当年我申请斯坦福大学，她会拒绝我。我把这篇演讲的草稿给她过目，她强烈反对我使用“拒绝”这个词，她从来不拒绝任何申请者。在拒绝信中，她总是写：“我们无法提供你入学机会。”我分不清两者到底有何差别。在我看来，那些大热门学校的招生主任与其称为“准许你入学的主任”，还不如称为“拒绝你入学的主任”。很显然，我需要好好学学怎么来推销自己。

My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses.The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks.This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed.As Oscar Wilde said, “The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on.It is never of any use to oneself.” So, here comes the advice.First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible.Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself.Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success.To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them.Also, of course, thank Harvard.Should you forget, there's an alumni association to remind you.Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit.In all negotiations, don't bargain for the last, little advantage.Leave the change on the table.In your collaborations, always remember that “credit” is not a conserved quantity.In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit.毕业典礼演讲都遵循古典奏鸣曲的结构，我的演讲也不例外。刚才是第一乐章----轻快的闲谈。接下来的第二乐章是送上门的忠告。这样的忠告很少被重视，几乎注定被忘记，永远不会被实践。但是，就像王尔德说的：“对于忠告，你所能做的，就是把它送给别人，因为它对你没有任何用处。”所以，下面就是我的忠告。第一，取得成就的时候，不要忘记前人。要感谢你的父母和支持你的朋友，要感谢那些启发过你的教授，尤其要感谢那些上不好课的教授，因为他们迫使你自学。从长远看，自学能力是优秀的文理教育中必不可少的，将成为你成功的关键。你还要去拥抱你的同学，感谢他们同你进行过的许多次彻夜长谈，这为你的教育带来了无法衡量的价值。当然，你还要感谢哈佛大学。不过即使你忘了这一点，校友会也会来提醒你。第二，在你们未来的人生中，做一个慷慨大方的人。在任何谈判中，都把最后一点点利益留给对方。不要把桌上的钱都拿走。在合作中，要牢记荣誉不是一个守恒的量。成功合作的任何一方，都应获得全部荣誉的90%。Jimmy Stewart, as Elwood P.Dowd in the movie “Harvey” got it exactly right.He said: “Years ago my mother used to say to me, 'In this world, Elwood, you must be...she always used to call me Elwood...in this world, Elwood, you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant.'” Well, for years I was smart....I recommend pleasant.You may quote me on that.电影《Harvey》中，Jimmy Stewart扮演的角色Elwood P.Dowd，就完全理解这一点。他说：“多年前，母亲曾经对我说，'Elwood，活在这个世界上，你要么做一个聪明人，要么做一个好人。'”我做聪明人，已经做了好多年了。......但是，我推荐你们做好人。你们可以引用我这句话。

My third piece of advice is as follows: As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion.If you don't have a passion, don't be satisfied until you find one.Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something.When I was your age, I was incredibly single-minded in my goal to be a physicist.After college, I spent eight years as a graduate student and postdoc at Berkeley, and then nine years at Bell Labs.During that my time, my central focus and professional joy was physics.我的第三个忠告是，当你开始生活的新阶段时，请跟随你的爱好。如果你没有爱好，就去找，找不到就不罢休。生命太短暂，如果想有所成，你必须对某样东西倾注你的深情。我在你们这个年龄，是超级的一根筋，我的目标就是非成为物理学家不可。本科毕业后，我在加州大学伯克利分校又待了8年，读完了研究生，做完了博士后，然后去贝尔实验室待了9年。在这些年中，我关注的中心和职业上的全部乐趣，都来自物理学。

Here is my final piece of advice.Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal.When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done.The source of that pride won't be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received.It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made.我还有最后一个忠告，就是说兴趣爱好固然重要，但是你不应该只考虑兴趣爱好。当你白发苍苍、垂垂老矣、回首人生时，你需要为自己做过的事感到自豪。你的物质生活和得到的承认，都不会产生自豪。只有那些你出手相助、被你改变过的人和事，才会让你产生自豪。

After nine years at Bell labs, I decided to leave that warm, cozy ivory tower for what I considered to be the “real world,” a university.Bell Labs, to quote what was said about Mary Poppins, was “practically perfect in every way,” but I wanted to leave behind something more than scientific articles.I wanted to teach and give birth to my own set of scientific children.在贝尔实验室待了9年后，我决定离开这个温暖舒适的象牙塔，走进我眼中的“真实世界”——大学。我对贝尔实验室的看法，就像别人形容电影Mary Poppins的话，“实际上完美无缺”。但是，我想为世界留下更多的东西，不只是科学论文。我要去教书，培育我自己在科学上的后代。

Ted Geballe, a friend and distinguished colleague of mine at Stanford, who also went from Berkeley to Bell Labs to Stanford years earlier, described our motives best: 我在斯坦福大学有一个好友兼杰出同事Ted Geballe。他也是从伯克利分校去了贝尔实验室，几年前又离开贝尔实验室去了斯坦福大学。他对我们的动机做出了最佳描述：

“The best part of working at a university is the students.They come in fresh, enthusiastic, open to ideas, unscarred by the battles of life.They don't realize it, but they're the recipients of the best our society can offer.If a mind is ever free to be creative, that's the time.They come in believing textbooks are authoritative, but eventually they figure out that textbooks and professors don't know everything, and then they start to think on their own.Then, I begin learning from them.” “在大学工作，最大的优点就是学生。他们生机勃勃，充满热情，思想自由，还没被生活的重压改变。虽然他们自己没有意识到，但是他们是这个社会中你能找到的最佳受众。如果生命中曾经有过思想自由和充满创造力的时期，那么那个时期就是你在读大学。进校时，学生们对课本上的一字一句毫不怀疑，渐渐地，他们发现课本和教授并不是无所不知的，于是他们开始独立思考。从那时起，就是我开始向他们学习了。” My students, post doctoral fellows, and the young researchers who worked with me at Bell Labs, Stanford, and Berkeley have been extraordinary.Over 30 former group members are now professors, many at the best research institutions in the world, including Harvard.I have learned much from them.Even now, in rare moments on weekends, the remaining members of my biophysics group meet with me in the ether world of cyberspace.我教过的学生、带过的博士后、合作过的年轻同事，都非常优秀。他们中有30多人，现在已经是教授了。他们所在的研究机构有不少是全世界第一流的，其中就包括哈佛大学。我从他们身上学到了很多东西。即使现在，我偶尔还会周末上网，向现在还从事生物物理学研究的学生请教。

I began teaching with the idea of giving back;I received more than I gave.This brings me to the final movement of this speech.It begins with a story about an extraordinary scientific discovery and a new dilemma that it poses.It's a call to arms and about making a difference.我怀着回报社会的想法，开始了教学生涯。我的一生中，得到的多于我付出的，所以我要回报社会。这就引出了这次演讲的最后一个乐章。首先我要讲一个了不起的科学发现，以及由此带来的新挑战。它是一个战斗的号令，到了做出改变的时候了。

In the last several decades, our climate has been changing.Climate change is not new: the Earth went through six ice ages in the past 600,000 years.However, recent measurements show that the climate has begun to change rapidly.The size of the North Polar Ice Cap in the month of September is only half the size it was a mere 50 years ago.The sea level which been rising since direct measurements began in 1870 at a rate that is now five times faster than it was at the beginning of recorded measurements.Here's the remarkable scientific discovery.For the first time in human history, science is now making predictions of how our actions will affect the world 50 and 100 years from now.These changes are due to an increase in carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.The Earth has warmed up by roughly 0.8 degrees Celsius since the beginning of the Revolution.There is already approximately a 1 degree rise built into the system, even if we stop all greenhouse gas emissions today.Why? It will take decades to warm up the deep oceans before the temperature reaches a new equilibrium.过去几十年中，我们的气候一直在发生变化。气候变化并不是现在才有的，过去60万年中就发生了6次冰河期。但是，现在的测量表明气候变化加速了。北极冰盖在9月份的大小，只相当于50年前的一半。1870年起，人们开始测量海平面上升的速度，现在的速度是那时的5倍。一个重大的科学发现就这样产生了。科学第一次在人类历史上，预测出我们的行为对50—100年后的世界有何影响。这些变化的原因是，从工业革命开始，人类排放到大气中的二氧化碳增加 了。这使得地球的平均气温上升了0.8摄氏度。即使我们立刻停止所有温室气体的排放，气温仍然将比过去上升大约1度。因为在气温达到均衡前，海水温度的上升将持续几十年。

If the world continues on a business-as-usual path, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that there is a fifty-fifty chance the temperature will exceed 5 degrees by the end of this century.This increase may not sound like much, but let me remind you that during the last ice age, the world was only 6 degrees colder.During this time, most of Canada and the United States down to Ohio and Pennsylvania were covered year round by a glacier.A world 5 degrees warmer will be very different.The change will be so rapid that many species, including Humans, will have a hard time adapting.I've been told for example, that, in a much warmer world, insects were bigger.I wonder if this thing buzzing around is a precursor.如果全世界保持现在的经济模式不变，联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）预测，本世纪末将有50%的可能，气温至少上升5度。这听起来好像不多，但是让我来提醒你，上一次的冰河期，地球的气温也仅仅只下降了6度。那时，俄亥俄州和宾夕法尼亚州以北的大部分美国和加拿大的土地，都终年被冰川覆盖。气温上升5度的地球，将是一个非常不同的地球。由于变化来得太快，包括人类在内的许多生物，都将很难适应。比如，有人告诉我，在更温暖的环境中，昆虫的个头将变大。我不知道现在身旁嗡嗡叫的这只大苍蝇，是不是就是前兆。

We also face the specter of nonlinear “tipping points” that may cause much more severe changes.An example of a tipping point is the thawing of the permafrost.The permafrost contains immense amounts of frozen organic matter that have been accumulating for millennia.If the soil melts, microbes will spring to life and cause this debris to rot.The difference in biological activity below freezing and above freezing is something we are all familiar with.Frozen food remains edible for a very long time in the freezer, but once thawed, it spoils quickly.How much methane and carbon dioxide might be released from the rotting permafrost? If even a fraction of the carbon is released, it could be greater than all the greenhouse gases we have released to since the beginning of the industrial revolution.Once started, a runaway effect could occur.我们还面临另一个幽灵，那就是非线性的“气候引爆点”，这会带来许多严重得多的变化。“气候引爆点”的一个例子就是永久冻土层的融化。永久冻土层经 过千万年的累积形成，其中包含了巨量的冻僵的有机物。如果冻土融化，微生物就将广泛繁殖，使得冻土层中的有机物快速腐烂。冷冻后的生物和冷冻前的生物，它 们在生物学特性上的差异，我们都很熟悉。在冷库中，冷冻食品在经过长时间保存后，依然可以食用。但是，一旦解冻，食品很快就腐烂了。一个腐烂的永久冻土层，将释放出多少甲烷和二氧化碳？即使只有一部分的碳被释放出来，可能也比我们从工业革命开始释放出来的所有温室气体还要多。这种事情一旦发生，局势就失控了。

The climate problem is the unintended consequence of our success.We depend on fossil energy to keep our homes warm in the winter, cool in the summer, and lit at night;we use it to travel across town and across continents.Energy is a fundamental reason for the prosperity we enjoy, and we will not surrender this prosperity.The United States has 3 percent of the world population, and yet, we consume 25 percent of the energy.By contrast, there are 1.6 billion people who don't have access to electricity.Hundreds of millions of people still cook with twigs or dung.The life we enjoy may not be within the reach of the developing world, but it is within sight, and they want what we have.气候问题是我们的经济发展在无意中带来的后果。我们太依赖化石能源，冬天取暖，夏天制冷，夜间照明，长途旅行，环球观光。能源是经济繁荣的基础，我 们不可能放弃经济繁荣。美国人口占全世界的3%，但是我们消耗全世界25%的能源。与此形成对照，全世界还有16亿人没有电，数亿人依靠燃烧树枝和动物粪便来煮饭。发展中国家的人民享受不到我们的生活，但是他们都看在眼里，他们渴望拥有我们拥有的东西。

Here is the dilemma.How much are we willing to invest, as a world society, to mitigate the consequences of climate change that will not be realized for at least 100 years? Deeply rooted in all cultures, is the notion of generational responsibility.Parents work hard so that their children will have a better life.Climate change will affect the entire world, but our natural focus is on the welfare of our immediate families.Can we, as a world society, meet our responsibility to future generations? 这就是新的挑战。全世界作为一个整体，我们到底愿意付出多少，来缓和气候变化？这种付出至少在100年内，都不会有明显效果。代际责任深深植根于所有文化中。家长努力工作，为了让他们的孩子有更好的生活。气候变化将影响整个世界，但是我们的天性使得我们只关心个人家庭的福利。我们能不能把全世界看作一个整体？能不能为未来的人们承担起责任？

While I am worried, I am hopeful we will solve this problem.I became the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in part because I wanted to enlist some of the best scientific minds to help battle against climate change.I was there only four and a half years, the shortest serving director in the 78-year history of the Lab, but when I left, a number of very exciting energy institutes at the Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley had been established.虽然我忧心忡忡，但是还是对未来抱乐观态度，这个问题将会得到解决。我同意出任劳伦斯-伯克利国家实验室主任，部分原因是我想招募一些世界上最好的科学家，来研究气候变化的对策。我在那里干了4年半，是这个实验室78年的历史中，任期最短的主任，但是当我离任时，在伯克利实验室和伯克利分校，一些非常激动人心的能源研究机构已经建立起来了。

I am extremely privileged to be part of the Obama administration.If there ever was a time to help steer America and the world towards a path of sustainable energy, now is the time.The message the President is delivering is not one of doom and gloom, but of optimism and opportunity.I share this optimism.The task ahead is daunting, but we can and will succeed.能够成为奥巴马施政团队的一员，我感到极其荣幸。如果有一个时机，可以引导美国和全世界走上可持续能源的道路，那么这个时机就是现在。总统已经发出 信息，未来并非在劫难逃，而是乐观的，我们依然有机会。我也抱有这种乐观主义。我们面前的任务令人生畏，但是我们能够并且将会成功。

We know some of the answers already.There are immediate and significant savings in energy efficiency and conservation.Energy efficiency is not just low-hanging fruit;it is fruit lying on the ground.For example, we have the potential to make buildings 80 percent more efficient with investments that will pay for themselves in less than 15 years.Buildings consume 40 percent of the energy we use, and a transition to energy efficient buildings will cut our carbon emissions by one-third.我们已经有了一些答案，可以立竿见影地节约能源和提高能源使用效率。它们不是挂在枝头的水果，而是已经成熟掉在地上了，就看我们愿不愿意捡起来。比 如，我们有办法将楼宇的耗电减少80%，增加的投资在15年内就可以收回来。楼宇的耗电占我们能源消费的40%，节能楼宇的推广将使我们二氧化碳的释放减 少三分之一。

We are revving up the remarkable American innovation machine that will be the basis of a new American prosperity.We will invent much improved methods to harness the sun, the wind, nuclear power, and capture and sequester the carbon dioxide emitted from our power plants.Advanced bio-fuels and the electrification of personal vehicles make us less dependent on foreign oil.我们正在加速美国这座巨大的创新机器，这将是下一次美国大繁荣的基础。我们将大量投资有效利用太阳能、风能、核能的新方法，大量投资能够捕获和隔离电厂废气中的二氧化碳的方法。先进的生物燃料和电力汽车将使得我们不再那么依赖外国的石油。

In the coming decades, we will almost certainly face higher oil prices and be in a carbon-constrained economy.We have the opportunity to lead in development of a new, industrial revolution.The great hockey player, Wayne Gretzky, when asked, how he positions himself on the ice, he replied,“ I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it's been.” America should do the same.在未来的几十年中，我们几乎肯定会面对更高的油价和更严厉的二氧化碳限制排放政策。这是一场新的工业革命，美国有机会充当领导者。伟大的冰上曲棍球选手Wayne Gretzky被问到，他如何在冰上跑位，回答说：“我滑向球下一步的位置，而不是它现在的位置。”美国也应该这样做。

The Obama administration is laying a new foundation for a prosperous and sustainable energy future, but we don't have all of the answers.That's where you come in.In this address, I am asking you, the Harvard graduates, to join us.As our future intellectual leaders, take the time to learn more about what's at stake, and then act on that knowledge.As future scientists and engineers, I ask you to give us better technology solutions.As future economists and political scientists, I ask you to create better policy options.As future business leaders, I ask that you make sustainability an integral part of your business.奥巴马政府正在为美国的繁荣和可持续能源，打下新的基础。但是我们无法为所有问题都找到答案。这就需要你们的参与。在本次演讲中，我请求在座各位哈佛毕业生加入我们。你们是我们未来的智力领袖，请花时间加深理解目前的危险局势，然后采取相应的行动。你们是未来的科学家和工程师，我要求你们给我们更好的技术方案。你们是未来的经济学家和政治学家，我要求你们创造更好的政策选择。你们是未来的企业家，我要求你们将可持续发展作为你们业务中不可分割的一部分。

Finally, as humanists, I ask that you speak to our common humanity.One of the cruelest ironies about climate change is that the ones who will be hurt the most are the most innocent: the worlds poorest and those yet to be born.最后，你们是人道主义者，我要求你们为了人道主义说话。气候变化带来的最残酷的讽刺之一，就是最受伤害的人，恰恰就是最无辜的人----那些世界上最穷的人们和那些还没有出生的人。The coda to this last movement is borrowed from two humanists.这个最后乐章的完结部是引用两个人道主义者的话。

The first quote is from Martin Luther King.He spoke on ending the war in Vietnam in 1967, but his message seems so fitting for today's climate crisis: 第一段引语来自马丁•路德•金。这是1967年他对越南战争结束的评论，但是看上去非常适合用来评论今天的气候危机。“This call for a worldwide fellowship that lifts neighborly concern beyond one's tribe, race, class, and nation is in reality a call for an all-embracing and unconditional love for all mankind.This oft misunderstood, this oft misinterpreted concept, so readily dismissed by the Nietzsches of the world as a weak and cowardly force, has now become an absolute necessity for the survival of man...We are now faced with the fact, my friends, that tomorrow is today.We are confronted with the fierce urgency of now.In this unfolding conundrum of life and history, there is such a thing as being too late.” “我呼吁全世界的人们团结一心，抛弃种族、肤色、阶级、国籍的隔阂；我呼吁包罗一切、无条件的对全人类的爱。你会因此遭受误解和误读，信奉尼采哲学的世人会认定你是一个软弱和胆怯的懦夫。但是，这是人类存在下去的绝对必需。......我的朋友，眼前的事实就是，明天就是今天。此刻，我们面临最紧急的情况。在变幻莫测的生活和历史之中，有一样东西叫做悔之晚矣。” The final message is from William Faulkner.On December 10th, 1950, his Nobel Prize banquet speech was about the role of humanists in a world facing potential nuclear holocaust.第二段引语来自威廉•福克纳。1950年12月10月，他在诺贝尔奖获奖晚宴上发表演说，谈到了世界在核战争的阴影之下，人道主义者应该扮演什么样的角色。

“I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail.He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance.The poet's, the writer's, duty is to write about these things.It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past.” “我相信人类不仅能忍耐，而且会获胜。人类是不朽的，这不是因为万物当中仅仅他会无穷尽的呼喊，而是因为他有一个灵魂，有同情心、牺牲精神和忍耐力。诗人和作家的责任就是写这些东西。他们的特权正是通过鼓舞人类，唤起人类原有的荣耀----勇气、荣誉、希望、自尊、怜悯之心和牺牲精神，去帮助人类学会忍耐。” Graduates, you have an extraordinary role to play in our future.As you pursue your private passions, I hope you will also develop a passion and a voice to help the world in ways both large and small.Nothing will give you greater satisfaction.各位毕业生同学，你们在我们的未来中扮演举足轻重的角色。当你们追求个人的志向时，我希望你们也会发扬奉献精神，积极发声，在大大小小各个方面帮助改进这个世界。这会给你们带来最大的满足感。

Please accept my warmest congratulations.May you prosper, may you help preserve and save our planet for your children, and all future children of the world.最后，请接受我最热烈的祝贺。希望你们成功，也希望你们保护和拯救我们这个星球，为了你们的孩子，以及未来所有的孩子。

【说明】原文来自哈佛大学网站，译文来自网友阮一峰的翻译。

【演讲人介绍】

朱棣文（Steven Chu，1948年2月28日－），美国物理学家，生于美国圣路易斯；华人血统，祖籍中国江苏太仓，曾获得诺贝尔物理学奖（1997年）。现任美国能源部部长。

1970年，获罗彻斯特大学数学学士和物理学学士。1976年，获加州大学伯克利分校物理学博士。

1987年，任斯坦福大学物理学教授，是该校第一位华裔教授。1993年，当选美国国家科学院院士。1997年，获诺贝尔物理学奖。

2004年，任劳伦斯·伯克利国家实验室主任，是首位掌管这个美国能源部下属国家实验室的亚裔人士。2009年，出任奥巴马政府能源部长。

第五篇：哈佛公开课 幸福 第一课 中英文对照字幕整理

Hi, good morning.It’s wonderful to be back here.各位，早上好。很高兴能回到这里。Wonderful to see you here.高兴见到你们。

I am teaching this class because I wish a class like this had been taught when I was sitting in your seat as an undergraduate here.我教授这门课是因为在我读本科阶段时非常希望能学习这样一门课程。

This does not mean it is a class you wish to be taught nor does it mean that it is the right class for you.可能这门课并不是你希望的那样也可能并不适合你。

But I hope to doing the next couple of lectures is giving you an idea what this class is about so that you can decide whether or not it is for you.但希望几堂课后，你能有个大概印象让你决定这门课程是否适合你。

I came here in 1992 and studied the computer science and concentrator.我1992年来到哈佛求学，一开始主修计算机科学。

And when I had I mini epiphany half way through my sophomore year.大二期间，突然顿悟了。

I realized that I was in a wonderful place with wonderful students around me, wonderful teachers.我意识到我身处让人神往大学校园周围都是出色的同学，优秀的导师。I was doing well academically.I was doing well in athletics.I was playing squash at that time.I was doing well socially.我成绩优异。擅长体育运动。那时壁垒打的不错。社交也游刃有余。

Everything was going well except for the fact that I was unhappy.And I didn’t understand why.一切都很顺利除了一点我不快乐。而且我不明白为什么。

It was then in a matter of moments that I decided that I had to find out why and become happier.也就是在那时我决定要找出原因变得快乐。

And that was when I switched my concentration from computer science to philosophy and psychology.于是我将研究方向从计算机科学转向了哲学及心理学。

With a single question: How can I become happier.目标只有一个:怎么让自己开心起来。Overtime I did become happier what contributed most to my happiness was when I encountered a new emerging field that time didn’t have the name that it has today.渐渐的，我的确变得更快乐了主要是因为我接触了一个新的领域，那时并未正式命名。But essentially research that falls under or within the field of positive psychology.但本质上属于积极心理学范畴。Positive psychology, studying it and applying the ideas to my life has made me significantly happier.研究积极心理学把其理念应用到生活中让我无比快乐。It continues to make me happier.而且这种快乐继续着。

And it was when I realized the impact that it had on me that I decided to share it with others.于是我决定将其与更多的人分享。

That’s when I decided that I wanted to be a teacher and teach in this field.选择教授这门学科。

So this is positive psychology, psychology 1504.这就是积极心理学，1504号心理学课程。And we’ll be exploring this new, relatively new and fascinating field.我们将一起探索这一全新相对新兴令人倾倒的领域。

And hopefully, we will be exploring more than the field ourselves.希望同时还能探索我们自己。

When I first taught this class that was back in 2002.我第一次开设这门课程是在2002年。I taught it at a seminar and had eight students.Two dropped out that left me with six.The year after, the class became slightly larger.I had over three hundred students.是以讨论会的形式，只有8名学生。两名退出了只剩我和其他六个人。一年后学生稍微多了点。有300多人参加。

And then third year when I taught it which was the last time.到了第三年，也就是上一次开课。

I had 850 students in the class, making it at that point the largest course at Harvard.有850名参加是当时哈佛大学人数最多的课程。

And that’s when the media became interested.Because they wanted to understand why.这引起了媒体的注意。因为他们想知道为什么。

They wanted to understand this phenomenon that here you have a class that’s larger than Introduction to Economics.How could that be？他们对这一奇特现象非常好奇竟然有比经济学导论更热门的课程。怎么可能呢？

So I was invited by the media for interviews whether it was newspapers, radio, television.于是我被请去参加各类媒体采访，报纸，广播，电视。

And I started to notice a pattern during those interviews.在这些采访中，我发现了一种有趣的模式。So I would walk into the interview.We would have the interview.我前去参加采访。进行采访。

And afterwards, the producer or the interviewer would walk me out.And say something to the effects of well, thank you Tal for the interview.结束后，制片人或主持人会送我出来。说些诸如Tal多谢你抽空参加采访。

But you know I expected you to be different.不过你跟我想象的不太一样的话。And I would ask, as nonchalant as I could of course.我漫不经心的问。

I didn’t really care but had to ask anyway “How different”.我无所谓，不过总得回应“有何不同？”

And they would say: Well, you know, we expected you to be more outgoing”.他们会说“这个嘛，我们会以为你很外向”。

Next interview, the end of the interview, same thing: Thank you for doing the interview”.下一次采访结束时仍是如此“多谢接受采访”。

“But you know Tal, I expected you to be different”.不过Tal，你跟我想象得不太一样。And once again, nonchalant of course so how different.又一次，我漫不经心地问有何不同。

And she would say: “Well you know, we expected you to be less, less introversit”.“这个嘛，我们没想到你会这么内向”。

Next interview, same thing “How different?” 下一次采访，仍是如此“有何不同？”。“Well, you know, more extroverted, more outgoing.” “这个嘛，更开朗，更外向”。Next interview, “Well, you know, less shy”.下一次采访，“这个嘛，太害羞了”。Coz I get very nervous in interviews.因为采访中我容易紧张。l Interview after interview, literally dozens.差不多有几十个采访。

More outgoing, more cheerful, less introverted, more extroverted.And on and on.每次都是好交际，更开朗，不含蓄，更外向诸如此类。But here the best one.最绝的一次。

So this is one of the local channels here around Boston.I was going to the interview.是波士顿一家地方台。我去参加采访。We had a quite long interview which I thought was actually pretty good.And at the end of the interview.聊了很多，我觉得进行得很不错。采访结束。

The interviewer is a very jolly guy.He walks me out and puts his hands on my shoulder.主持人是个开朗热情的男生。他送我出门，拍着我的肩说。

And says, ”Thank you very much for doing the interview.” And then the usual comes.“多谢接受我们采访。” 然后又是那句。

“But you know Tal, I expected you to be different.” “不过Tal，你跟我想象不太一样”。And I said, ”How different”.Just so you understand by this time, my self-esteem is short.我问，“有何不同”你要知道那时候，我已经完全被打击了。

But still with some resemblance of nonchalance I asked “How different”.不过我还是漫不经心地问有何不同。

And he looks at me and says: ”Well I don’t know Tal, I expected you to be taller.”.Taller? What?他看着我说：“我也说不上，Tal，我以为你会更高些”。更高些？什么？ Five seven, well ok five six and a half is not enough to teach happiness? 1米70……是1米69就不够格传授快乐吗？

And I thought about it, I thought about it a lot.The whole pattern from the beginning.我考虑了很久，仔细思量了。整件事从头到尾。

And I think I understand why they expected someone different.我似乎明白为什么他们期望不同了。

You see they had to explain to themselves as well as the audience.因为他们要说服自己说服观众。

How come this lecture is larger than the Introduction to Economics? 这门课怎么会比经济学导论更热门？

And the way to explain it must be that the teacher is very outgoing, extremely charismatic, very cheerful and extroverted and of course, tall.唯一的解释就是导师非常外向、充满领袖气质、乐观开朗，当然了，还很高。

Well, there is one L missing there, But…….Yeah, if only.可惜我的名字少了一个L，但是……。嗯……真可惜。

So the problem though is that they were looking in the wrong place for the explanation.所以问题是他们找答案找错了地方。In other words, they were looking at the messenger, what they needed to look at was the message.Now how do I know that?也就是说，他们不该关注信息传达者而应该关注信息本身。我怎么知道的呢？ You see because I see other positive psychology classes on other campuses around the country and around the world.因为我参与过其他大学积极心理学课遍及全国乃至全球。

There are over 200 campuses here in United States that teach positive psychology.美国有超过200所大学开设了本课程。

And almost every campus where this class is taught it’s either one of the or the largest class.It’s about the message.而且几乎其中所有院校，这门课都是参与人数最多的或者最多的之一。信息是关键。I see more and more organizations taking up positive psychology in their as consultant companies.越来越多的机构组织开设这门课，还有咨询公司。

Some of them the leading big consultant companies are taking it on.其中一些甚至是全球知名咨询公司。

More and more high schools are introducing positive psychology class.……Elementary schools are introducing it.越来越多的中学开始引入积极心理学……。小学也是。

The governments around the world are expressing interest in this new emerging field.Why? Because it works, because it really works.各国政府都对这一新领域表现出兴趣。为什么？因为它有效，因为它真正有效。

You see this whole realm of life flourishing on happiness, on well-being has been until recently dominated by the self-health movements.殷盛人生，快乐，幸福感这一整个领域在此之前一直被心理自助运动统治。

What do we have in the self-health movement? We have books that are very interesting that are very accessible.心理自助运动带来了什么？ 生动有趣通俗易懂的书。

We have speakers who are very outgoing very charismatic and tall attracting the masses into these workshops, seminars and lectures.But, there is a very big “but” here.热情外向的宣讲者颇具领袖气质且身材高大吸引大众参与他们的专题讨论讲座。但是，有一个大大的转折。

Many of these books, many of these workshops and seminars lack substance.Very often, overpromising and under-delivering.其中很多书籍讨论都缺少实质内容。通常都言过其实无法兑现。So there are five things you need to know to be happy.The three things to be the great leader.比如，快乐的五个关键。成功领袖的三个要素。

The one secret of success, happiness and a perfect love life.Overpromising, under-delivering.成功快乐完美爱情的唯一秘诀。夸大其词，效果甚微。On the other hand, we have academia.What do we have in the academia? We have a lot of rigor, a lot of substance.再来说说学术界。学术界给我们带来了什么？ 大量精确的实质内容。

We have datas analyzed, reanalyzed and meta-analyzed.Things that actually work, good stuff.数据被一而再再而三得反复分析。行之有效的好方法。

But, there is also a very big but here.Very few people read refereed academic journals.但是又有一个大大的转折。很少有人会阅读专业学术期刊。

I mean think about it: how many people outside this room of course have read the last twelve issues of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology? 想想看，这间教室之外有多少人读过最近12期《个性与社会心理学》杂志？

Most people don’t even know what that means.大多数人甚至不知道那是什么东西。

The head of my PHD programs actually estimated the average academic journal article is read by seven people.我博士班的主任估算过学术期刊上的一篇论文平均只有7人阅读。

You know……And that includes the author’s mother.So you know I say half in jest but it’s actually really sad.这话……其中还包括作者的母亲。这话虽然是半开玩笑但其实很可悲。

Because… Certainly sad for me, as an academic.Because these things are good.因为……作为学者我觉得很可悲。因为这些论文都非常精彩。

They are important, these things make a difference, can even make more of a difference.But not accessible to most people.非常重要，能大有作为甚至不仅仅是作为。但是对大众来说晦涩难懂。

And this is where positive psychology comes in.And this is also where this class comes in.所以我们需要积极心理学。需要这门课程。

The explicit mandate of positive psychology as well as of this class is to create a bridge between Ivory tower and Main Street.积极心理学及本课程的宗旨非常明确就是在象牙塔及大众间构建桥梁。In other words, it is to bring the rigor, the substance, the empirical foundation, the science from academia and merge it with accessibility of the self-help or New Age movement.In a way the best of both worlds.换句话说就是要把严谨、实质、经验基础学术科学与自助或者新纪元运动的通俗易懂相结合。充分发挥两者所长。

And this explains the popularity of the field of positive psychology: Science that works.这也是积极心理学大受欢迎的原因：有用的科学。

This class will be taught in two levels.The first level it will be taught as any other class in psychology or any of the classes you’ve taken here.本课程将分为两个部分。第一部分会和其他心理学或者其他任何课程一样。You’ll be introduced here to studies, to research, to rigorous academic work.You’ll be writing paper, academic paper.You’ll be taking exams just like every other class.我将向你们介绍相关知识，调查研究，严谨的学术作品。需要你们撰写报告，学术论文。跟其他课程一样参加考试。

But then it will also be taught at the second level which is for every paper that you’ll read every paper that you’ll write, you’ll always be thinking.而教学内容的另一部分，你们读每一篇论文，写每一篇论文时都需要思考。

OK, so how can I take these ideas and apply them to my life? How can I apply them to my relationship? How can I apply them to my community? Two levels: The academic, Applied如何把这些理念运用到生活中去？运用到恋爱中去？运用到社交圈里去？就是这两个部分：学术与应用。

I did not just introduce whether it’s in the readings or in the lectures ideas just because they are interesting for the sake of the idea.无聊是论文还是讲座我不会因为某个理论有趣而去介绍它。

It is always an idea that is both rigorous and can be applied.Just a few words about housekeeping.而是因为这个理论严谨且能被应用。再唠叨几句题外话。

Some of the questions that I have already received from you before the class started.有几个问题课前就有人问我了。

So this unfortunately is the last time that I am teaching positive psychology or any other class for that matter at Harvard.不幸的是这学期将是我最后一次在哈佛开设积极心理学或其他课程。

Hopefully within two years, probably not next year but within two years there will be positive psychology class offered but I certainly cannot guarantee it.About feedback and questions.但愿两年内，明年可能性不大，但是两年内学校会再次开设积极心理学课程，但我无法保证。关于反馈与提问。If you have any questions, anything that’s not clear, if you agree or disagree with something.Email me or Email your TF(Teaching Fellow at Harvard, just like TA at other schools.)and we’ll always respond.如果你有任何问题或者不明白的地方，如果你同意或者反对什么观点，请给我或助教写邮件，我们一定会回复的。

Sometimes if the question is asked by enough people, we’ll respond to it publicly, always anonymously unless you specified specifically that your name can be mentioned.如果某个问题问的人数较多，我们会公开回答，当然一定是匿名的除非你特别注明可以提及你的名字。

But sometimes you may be listening to a lecture and then half way through it there is an emergency, there is something that you really have to ask, something that cannot wait.有时候讲座过程中突然有紧急情况，有什么非问不可的问题，无法等待。

In that case, please just put your hand up because it’s just like when you have to go to the bathroom, just can’t stop, and can’t wait.And when you gotta go, you gotta go.如果那样的话，请直接举手，因为就跟你要去厕所一样，无法忍耐，无法等待，要去就去。So we’ll take a positive psychology break for that.And just stop me half way through and I’ll answer any question.我们会为此进行积极心理休息。所以大可以打断我，我会回答任何问题。

All the power points, as well as the videos of the classes will be online;will be available within couple of days.所有幻灯片以及课程视频都会放在网上，课后几天就能下载。

Well, the power points will be available before say for the lecture it will be before so that you can use them in class.幻灯片其实课前就能下载，这样你们上课时就能用到。

The videos, unfortunately, cannot be made available before, we tried, could not figure it out.So it will be available within a day or two after.And the reason why they are up there.可惜视频不能提前提供，我们试过了但效果不好。所以会在课后一两天内放到网上。这样做的原因。

First of all, I do prefer that you attend lecture, I do prefer that you are physically here.You get things in the energy of the room with so many students so you wouldn’t just get from your computer.首先，我当然更希望你们出席课程，能出现在课堂上。和大家一起，在课堂的气氛中学习而不仅仅是对着电脑。

The reason why I do put them up is so that you have the opportunity if you want to see it again or if you have to miss a class.That’s perfectly fine.我之所以把资料放在网上是为了让你们可以重温或者学习错过的课程，这很正常。

And also because and this is also the reason why the power points are always available, I want you to be engaged in the material.另一个原因之所以提前提供幻灯片是因为我希望你们能充分理解材料。I want you to be engaged in whatever it is that we are discussing in class, not necessarily thinking about getting down every word that I say on paper, remembering everything, memorizing everything.充分参与课堂讨论而不是忙于记录我说的每一个字，记住每一个词，背诵每一句话。

I want you to take rather than passive notes of writing down what’s on the power point or every word that I say, I’d like you to take active notes.And that means being engaged with the material.我不希望你们被动地记录幻灯片上的内容或者我说的话而是要主动记录。也就是要充分理解材料。

For example, if you heard something and idea and you say:”Oh, that’s interesting”.Star it, write it down.Or “OK, I think I’ll start applying this”.Write it down.Or I want to tell my mom about this later.Or I want to talk to my roommates or my team about this idea.Write it down.比如如果你们听到某个理论觉得“挺有趣的”，标上星号，写下来，或者觉得“也许我可以应用这点”，那就写下来。或者跟我妈妈讲讲。或者跟我室友队友讲讲。那就写下来。

l Active note taking is opposed to passive note taking for two reasons.主动笔记与被动笔记有两方面不同。

First of all, as I said, this class is a class about making a difference in people’ lives.首先，正如我刚才说的这门课是关于如何改变生活。I would not be teaching the class just for its academic beauty although there is a lot of academic beauty in this field.我不会仅为了学术之美而教授此课虽然这一领域的确有许多美术之美。

So write down if you have an idea that you think you can apply.所以发现可以实际运用的就写下来。The second reason why we should that is because you’ll remember more.Better attention, better understanding of the material if you are actively engaged as opposed to just taking down passive notes.第二个原因是你会记住的更多。主动参与，集中注意，更好的理解材料而不是被动做笔记。Throughout the class starting next week we’ll take what I called “time-ins” as opposed to “time-outs”.It’s like a time-out在这整个课程中从下周开始我们将进行我所说的“练习时间”而不是“休息时间”。其实类似休息时间。

It’s the time where we stop the class and you look inward.这段时间我们会停止课程进行内省。And this is literally a time of silence in a class.I will stop for a minute or two.也就是在课堂上的安静片刻。我会停一两分钟。

And you will have a chance either to just stare at me or anyone else or think about what we’ve just discussed or have a guiding question that I will provide you that you’ll address during the class.你们可以盯着我或者周围人发呆或者思考一下之前讨论的内容或者解答我提出的提示问题。

The reason why I have time-ins, this is something that I am introducing this year for the first time;we didn’t have it last time.之所以进行练习时间，这是我今年新提出的，上学期没有。

It’s because over the last two years since I last taught it, I’ve done a lot work in the area of silence.因为上次课程结束后到现在的两年我做了大量关于安静的研究。

I’ve read a lot of research in this area about the importance of quiet times whether it’s in a class, in a lecture, whether it is at home, whether it is for a leader in the business, for relationship, for children starting from pre-schools.关于安静时刻的重要性，无论是课堂里，讲座里，还是家中，无论是公司领导，爱情关系甚至学龄前的儿童。

Now many of you, as you are going through these time-ins if you decide to take this class may think:”Well, is this what I’m paying 40000 dollars a year for?””To sit a class and be quiet?”.你们中很多人在经历练习时间时可能会疑惑：“我一年付四万美金就是为了这个？“”坐在教室里发呆？“。

First of all, it will only be a minute or two at a time maybe once or twice a lecture.But second, it is maybe the most important thing you’ll take from this class.The notion of embracing stillness.首先，每个人只有一两分钟，一堂课最多不超次两次。第二，这可能是你从本课程中学到的最重要的东西。即享受安静这一理念。

Let me read to you an excerpt from a study that was run by two MIT professors.我来读一段麻省理工两位教授的研究。You don’t need to remember or write down;this is just for your edification.So David Foster and Matthew Wilson, both of them from MIT.David Foster和Matthew Wilson不必背诵或记录，只是为了启发你们。教授都来自麻省理工大学。

Indeed the following study that I think confirms the importance of time-in, time to look inside.他们研究证实了练习时间的重要性，开始内省的时间。

What they did is they scanned the brains of rats while they were in a maze and after they went through the maze.And here’s what they found.他们在老鼠处在迷宫中及脱离迷宫后分别对它们进行了脑扫描。以下是他们的发现。

What the results suggest is that while there certainly is some record of your experience as it is occurring in other words when they doing the maze.实验结果表明，当某种经历正在进行时，即老鼠进行迷宫时。

The actual learning when you try to figure out:”what was important?”, ”what should I keep and throw away?”.That happens after the fact during periods of quiet wakeful introspection.真正的学习阶段是当你尝试分辨：“什么才是重要的？“，”什么舍弃什么保留。“。这些发生在经历之后进行安静的自省时。What they show was rats who went through the maze and went through the maze again and again learned far less than rats who took time aside chilled out a little bit after a maze had more margarita.他们的实验表明接连不断反复进入迷宫的老鼠比进行一次迷宫后稍事放松，来点小酒的老鼠学到的少得多。Experience, embrace stillness.This has implications and they showed implications to human beings as well.Not only those of the rat race, all human beings.经历，享受安静。这很能说明问题，对人类也一样。不仅仅是实验小白鼠，所有人类都是。

So what they say is that ”Replay might constitute a general mechanism of learning and memory”.Both learning, understanding as well as memory, retention.他们认为：“重现可能形成一种学习记忆机制“。包括学习，理解，记忆，保留。

When we reflect, when we replay the material, we are much more likely to retain, to remember what we have just been through.当我们思考时，我们重放素材时更容易保留，记住之前的经历。So the importance of time aside cannot be over-emphasized.所以休息时间的重要性不能被忽视。In his wonderful book of teaching, Parker Palmer—it’s called The Courage to Teach says the following.Parker Palmer在他的教学著作《教学的勇气》一书中提到了以下一段话。

well.语言不是教学的唯一媒介，安静同样可以进行教育。

Silence gives us a chance to reflect on what we have said and heard.安静让我们有机会反省我们所说所闻。In authentic education, silence is treated as a trustworthy matrix for the inner work students must do, a medium for learning of the deepest sort.Silence is something that is missing from our culture.在真正的教育中，安静为学生进行内省提供可靠环境，是一种最深层次的学习媒介。而安静恰恰是我们文化所缺失的。

I know that many of you have probably read Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, Robert M Pirsig.He had a second book out, less well-known, called Lila(Lila: an Inquiry into Morals).很多人可能读过《万里任禅游》，作者Robert M Pirsig。还写过另一本书，没那么知名，叫《寻找莱拉》。And Lila is an anthropological study of Native Americans.这本书是对印第安人的人类学研究。What he does there is compare their culture to Americans’ from European ancestry.将他们的文化与美国传承的欧洲文化进行对比。

And one of the distinguishing characteristics between these two cultures is their approach were silence.What he found was when he went and sat around with Native Americans.They would sit around the fire and hang out for two three hours without saying a word.两种文化最突出的特点之一是印第安人崇尚安静。他发现与印第安人坐在一起。他们围坐在篝火边两三个小时一句话也没说。

ust sit around, look at another, smile, have a good time, introspect, just be there for hours.只是坐在那儿，互相看着，微笑，享受美好时光，内省，就这样几个小时。

While he points out that in our culture we feel very uncomfortable with the absence of words with the absence of sound or noise.他指出，在我们文化中沉默让人不适。

We have to fill up all the gaps.This is an important cultural difference.And we pay a price for this lack of stillness.我们试图打破沉默。这是一项重要的文化差异。我们为缺乏安静付出了代价。

A price that we’ll talk about a lot, when I talk about relationships, when I talk about virtue and morality, and when we talk about happiness and wellbeing in general.我们会重点讨论这一代价，涉及到恋爱，美德与道德以及快乐与幸福感。

Let me give a little bit background on positive psychology.下面介绍一下积极心理学的背景。How we came about and how this class came about.它是如何诞生的，这门课是如何诞生的。

In many ways, positive psychology is the brainchild, the product and the grandchild of humanistic psychology.从很多方面说，积极心理学是人本主义心理学的产物和衍生。

What we have in humanistic psychology is essentially a reaction to be existing psychology of the time.人本主义心理学本质上是对当时各种心理学派系的不同见解。

The founders, considered the founders of humanistic psychology in fact called it “the third force”.Why the third force?人本主义心理学的创始人称之为心理学上的“第三势力“。为什么是第三势力呢？ Because the first force was behaviorism, the work of Skinner(B.F.Skinner), the work of Waston(John B.Waston), the work of Thorndik(Edward Thorndik).This was the first force.因为第一势力是行为主义，代表人物有斯金纳、华生、桑代克。这是第一势力。

he second force was psychoanalysis.The work of Frued(Sigmund Frued), Jung(Carl Jung), Adler(Alfred Adler)to some extent.This was the second force.第二势力是精神分析学。创建者包括弗洛伊德，荣格以及阿德勒。这是第二势力。

And the third force, humanistic psychology came as a reaction to it.First It is a reaction to behaviorism.第三势力人本主义心理学作为对其的异议出现。首先是对行为主义的异议。

Behaviorism looks at the human entity at the person as basically a collection of behaviors as a box, like a billiard ball knocked around by reinforcements, by punishment, by reward.行为主义认为人的主体性，认为人是一个行为集体就像一只被击打而四处滚动的台球，被增强，被惩罚驱动。

And what humanistic psychology said was that we are much more than a billiard ball being knocked around.但是人本主义心理学说我们不只是被击打的台球。

We have spirit, we have a soul, we have cognitions and thoughts that matter.我们有精神，有灵魂，我们有重要的认知与思想。

It’s not just behavior that is important for understanding as well as improving life.不能只靠行为观察，改善人生。

And then psychoanalysis, the second force.然后是第二势力精神分析学。

The psychoanalysis is about basically understanding mostly through the subconscious that’s how you understand it, that’s how you improve the quality of life.There are defense mechanisms.精神分析学主要通过潜意识分析，它决定你的理解，决定如何改善生活。还有防卫机制。

There are biological instincts, neurosis, and if you understand these very often dark forces, were better able to deal with life, understand as well as improve the quality of life.人类本能论，神经症，如果你理解这些黑暗势力就能更好地处理生活，了解并改善生活。

Humanistic psychology says human beings are much more than that.人本主义心理学认为人类不止如此。

Much more than biological instincts, much more than neurosis.不仅仅是生理本能，不仅是神经症。Much more than the person who exists in a Newtonian reality like a billiard ball.不仅仅是牛顿学说世界里的台球。

We need to value much more the human being.We need to give much more dignity and freedom to the person.There was a problem.我们要重视人的本质。给予更多的自尊和自由。但有一个问题。The problem was humanistic psychology is said lacked the rigorous methodology.人本主义心理学缺少严谨的方法论。

While it brought in many wonderful ideas, talked about the study of well-being, talked about the study of optimism, of kindness, of morality, of virtue, of love, of relationships, of peak experiences, of self-actualization, of empathy.但它引入了许多精彩的理念，对于幸福感的研究，乐观主义的研究，善良，道德，美德，爱，两性关系，巅峰体验，自我实现，移情。

All these wonderful concepts that we’ll talk about throughout the semester.这些精彩的概念都会在本学期讨论。

It wasn’t as rigorous about its epistemology, about how we form ideas and how we learn.它的认识论并不严谨，如何形成理念，如何学习。

And that’s why, in many ways, largely not completely but largely more of into the self-health movements.所以在很多方面，大部分成为了自助运动。

Interesting ideas, good ideas, important ideas, certainly good intentions.But to some extent without the academic rigor.有趣，有益，重要的理念，意图当然是好的。但就某种程度上缺乏学术严谨性。And that’s why it lacked the impact on academic.That’s why we don’t have partly any humanistic psychology classes offered in universities today.There are very few still around.所以它在学术上影响很小。所以很少有大学开设人本主义心理学。几乎没有。

And this is why also a lot of it became the New Age essentially.所以本质上成为了新纪元运动。But still, it’s humanistic psychology that has in many ways fathered and mothered as we’ll see positive psychology.但是我们很快就会了解到，人本主义心理学孕育了积极心理学。

So let’s meet the grandparents.People like Rollo May, People like Carl Rogers.我们先见见祖父祖母。比如Rollo May和Carl Rogers。

And more than anyone, Abraham Maslow, was the Americans Psychological Association President, was professor just down the road here at Brandeis(Brandeis University).还有最著名的Abraham Maslow，曾是美国心理学会主席，布兰迪斯大学教授。

And he introduced this humanistic psychology in 1954.他于1954年提出了人本主义心理学。He wrote a chapter, called Toward the Positive Psychology.他写了一章，《为了积极心理学》。1954, In it he said we need to also research kindness, goodness, and happiness and optimism.In many ways it was way ahead of his time.1954年，他在其中写到，我们需要研究善良，美德，快乐与乐观。可以说这是超前于他时代的。Then if Maslow is the grandfather, then Karen Horney is the grandmother.Initially a psychoanalyst, trained through the works of Frued.如果说Maslow是祖父，那Karen Horney就是祖母了。她最初是精神分析学者学习弗洛伊德的理论。

She realized the focuses had been too much on the negative, on neurosis, on psychosis and said we also not only but also have to focus on what is working on human organism.意识到其过于注重消极面，神经症，精神病，她认为还必须关注影响人类生命体的东西。

We have to work and look at the fine qualities and cultivate those.Because part of being human is being those things as well.我们需要研究培养那些好的品质。因为它们也是我们的一部分。In many ways, brought about the movement toward humanistic psychology and through that—positive psychology.反而向人本主义靠近了，并由此产生了积极心理学。

Aaron Antonovsky, the third person I would consider the grandfather, brought in the idea of focusing on health.还有Aaron Antonovsky，第三位祖父级人物提出了关注健康的理念。

He has a new concept.Or he introduced a new concept.I’ am still here, don’t worry.他提出了一个新概念。或者说他引进了一个新概念。我还在，别担心。

He introduced a new concept, which he called, his own neologism: salutogenesis.他引进了一个新概念，他称之为，他个人创造的新词：健康本源学。

Salutogenesis: salute which is health;genesis which is origin.健康本源学由两部分组成，saluto健康，genesis起源。

The origin of health, and this was an alternative model, to be conventional ways model of pathologies.健康的起源这是病理学常规模型的替代模型。

So instead of just studying pathologies whether it’s in physical health or psychological health, we should also study the origin of health.也就是说除了研究病理学无论是生理健康还是心理健康还需要研究健康的起源。

In many ways that is what prevented medicine is about.这也是预防医学所关注的。

So this was not a novel idea back in 1970s when he introduced it.这在1970年是一个全新的理念。And we will talk a lot about Aaron Antonovsy.我们会仔细讨论Aaron Antonovsy。Now the parents.现在转到父辈。

Martin Seligman considered the father of the positive psychology network of scholars, started the field in 1998.Martin Seligman被认为是积极心理学之父与一群相关学者于1998年确立了这一领域。Like Maslow, he too, was the President of American Psychological Association.和马斯洛一样也是美国心理协会会长。And as his mandate, during his presidency he has two aims.他任职期间的首要任务是实现两个目标。The first aim—to make academic psychology more accessible.第一，让学院式心理学变得通俗。In other words, bridge Ivory Tower and Main Street.也就是说连接象牙塔与普罗大众。This was the first aim of his presidency.这是他任职期间的第一目标。

The second aim was introduce a positive psychology.第二是引进一个积极的心理学。

A psychology that will look at also things that work that were not just study depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and neurosis.需要着眼于有用的东西，不仅仅是研究抑郁、焦虑、精神分裂和神经症。A psychology a network of scholars who will focus on love, relationships, self-esteem, motivation, resilience and well-being.还需要关注爱、两性关系、自尊、动机、恢复以及幸福感。

And he introduced these ideas, and it’s all been literally uphill from then.他提出了这些理念从那时蓬勃发展起来。

Before Martin Seligman, this all happened in 1998 and we’ll talk about it a little bit more next week.在Martin Seligman之前都发生在1998年，下次我们会详谈。This all happened in 1998.这都诞生于1998年。

Long before 1998, our very own professor Ellen Langer did research in all these areas, bringing the humanistic spirit and combining it with the academic scientific rigor.而早在1998年前 Ellen Langer教授就已经研究了这些领域，将人本主义精神与学术科学严谨性结合。

We’ll be talking probably more than any other scholar about her work in this class.我们对她的讨论会比其他人多。

And another person from Harvard, one of the parents of positive psychology was Philip Stone, who passed away two years ago, yesterday.还有一位哈佛的教授，积极心理学的另一位父辈Philip Stone，两年前的昨天去世了。

Both Langer and Stone were my physicist advisors, introduced me to the field of positive psychology into this research.两位都是我的物理学导师带我进入了积极心理学领域的研究。

In 1998 when I had the first positive psychology summit, Professor Stone took me along with him.1998年我第一次参加积极心理学峰会，Stone教授带我同去。I was a graduate student.我那时在攻读硕士学位。

In 1999 he taught the first positive psychology class at Harvard, one of the first in the world.1999年他首次在哈佛开设了积极心理学课程，在全球范围内也是首批。I was his teaching fellow.A couple of years later, he taught it again.l Again, I was his teaching fellow.我是他的教研员。两年以后，他又重新开设了课程。我仍旧担任教研员。

And then when I graduated, he suggested I take over his class, and here we are today.So this is 1504.后来我毕业了，他提议我接手他的课程直到今天。这就是1504号心理学课程。

Let me give you a sense of … in the next half an hour and so, a sense of what you expect in this class.我再来讲……接下来的半个小时我会向你们介绍下这门课的内容。

The first thing is this class is not just about information;it is also explicitly about transformation.What do I mean by that?首先，这门课不只是传授信息而且关于如何变形，显而易见。这是什么意思？ You see most of education today is about information.l What is information? l So we have a container which is our mind.如今大多数教育都只是传达信息。什么是信息？ 比如，我们有一个容器，也就是我们的思想。

And information is about taking data, taking science, taking information and putting it inside the form.信息就是接收数据，接收科学，接收信息储存到容器里。

This is information.Now, when this form is filled, that’s when we are educated.这就是信息。等容器填满了，我们就毕业了。

More information, more data, better.Not enough.信息数据越多越好。这还不够。

Because it’s not just information that determines our well-being, our success, our-esteem, our motivational lever, the relationship and the quality of our relationships.因为信息无法决定我们的幸福感、我们的成功、自尊和动机水平、两性关系及其质量。

It’s much more than information.Transformation is about taking this form and changing it.光有信息还不够。变形则是把容器的形状改变。

Trans change;form shape, change the form.Trans即改变，Form This is transformation.即形状，改变形状。这就是变形。

This is distinction that I learned first from at the school Professor Robert Kegan who taught about this.这是Robert Kegan教授教我的第一区别。

Information in and of itself is not enough.Think about this example.接收信息关注信息本身是不够的。听听这个例子。

You go for an athletic meet;your aim is to get into the top three, to be a medalist.You come in number eight.你去参加运动会，目标是进入前三获得奖牌。但是只获得第八名。

What’s the analysis? What’s the interpretation?—Terrible!I just failed.You feel deflated, enervated.你会如何分析？你会如何解读？太糟糕了，我彻底失败了。你灰心丧气，感到无力。On the other hand, the exact same event.You came eight when you expected to be top three.但从另一个角度看，同样的比赛。你期望获得前三，但只得到第八。

You can interpret is as OK, so what have I learned? I need to work even harder.你可以解读为，我学到了什么？我还需要更努力的训练。

You become more energized, you learned from the experience.你会更有动力，从经验中学习。In other words, the same objective information which is “I got eighth, I expected top three”.The same information, very different interpretation.也就是说，同样的客观信息“我是第八名，我目标前三”。同样的信息，截然不同的解读。

One is disaster;the other interpretation is an opportunity.一个认为是灾难，另一个则当成机遇。One leads to loss of energy, the other one to increasing energy.一个让人失去动力，另一个增加动力。Or think about another very common example.还有一个很普遍的例子。

We know of many people around the world who seemingly have everything, who are doing well, who have more than they need, and yet they are unhappy.世界各地很多人似乎拥有了一切，人生顺利，生活富庶但仍然不快乐。

And then there are people around the world who have very little, and yet they never cease, never stop to celebrate life.而另一些人拥有的不多但从未中断，从未停止过享受人生。

And we have another way around as well, people who have everything and appreciate it and enjoy life.还有相反的情况，拥有一切的人充满感恩，享受生活。

And people who have very little and who see themselves as victim.生活窘迫的人觉得自己是受害者。In other words, it’s not just the information that goes in;it’s also the shape, the interpretation, the perception, the focus.也就是说，重要的不仅仅是获得了什么信息，还是有何形状，如何解读，如何理解，关注的重点。

And that is determined by the shape of the form.这就是由容器的形状所决定的。This is what I realized when I was an undergrad here.这是我在本科生阶段所认识到的。Seemingly, looking in from the outside, I had everything.表面上看，我拥有了一切。

lDoing well in sports, academics and socially, and yet my perception, my focus, my interpretation of life—not that great.体育运动，学术和社交都很成功，但是我对生命的理解、关注和解读并不正面。I wasn’t unhappy.我不快乐。The interpretation matters very often a lot more as we’ll see than the information that goes in.我们后面会讲，通常解读比信息更重要。

One of the sentences that I’ll repeat throughout the class is that happiness is much more contingent on our state of mind than our status or the state of our bank account.有一句话我会在课程中经常引用：“快乐由我们的精神状态而定而不是社会地位或银行存款”。And that’s where transformation comes in.所以需要变形。

And that’s why it’s so important for well-being.这对建立幸福感来说很重要。

What that will look like in practice is that we’ll cover not so much information.所以在我们实际操作时不会传达过多信息方面的东西。

We’ll uncover much more and I don’t mean that in the Berkeley(George Berkeley)sense of the word, I mean that in the academic sense of the word.In other words.而是挖掘更多东西，不是联想意义上的而是学术意义上的。也就是说。

What we’ll do is uncover potential that we have inside that we have inside of us all along, maybe we just didn’t see, or maybe it’s obscured by something or another.我们要挖掘自身潜能，这种潜能一直存在只是我们没有发现或者被其他东西掩盖了。

l We’ll uncover it so that we can utilize it, so that we can focus on it, so that we can perceive it.我们要发现利用它，以便关注它，以便理解它。

Here is a story just to illustrate it.So this is Michelangelo.我来讲一个故事说明吧。如米开朗基罗。One day he was asked by a journalist of his time.曾经有一个记者问他。

How did you create this most amazing masterpiece, David? 您是如何创造出《大卫》这件巨作的？ To which Michelangelo responded.米开朗基罗回答。

It was easy, I went to the quarry, I saw this huge piece of marble, and in it I was David.很简单，我去了一趟采石场，看见一块巨大的大理石，我在它身上看到了大卫。

All I need to do was to chip away the excess stone, to get rid of the marble that shouldn’t have been there.我只要凿去多余的石头，只留下有用的。

And when I got rid of this excess stone, there was David.凿去多余的石头之后，大卫就诞生了。Not obviously easier said than done.虽然说的比做的容易。

But this story captured the metaphor of what this class very much is about.但是这个故事捉住了这门课程精髓。It’s about chipping away the excess stone;it’s about getting rid of limitations, of barriers, whether it’s the fear of failure, something that we didn’t have as kids.即凿除多余石块，也就是摆脱限制，阻碍或者对失败的恐惧，这些东西并不是与生俱来的。

But today most people in our culture have it.但如今却出现在了大多数人身上。

It’s about chipping away perfectionism that is debilitating and often hurts us.要凿除削弱甚至伤害我们的完美主义。

It’s about chipping away our ability for success because maybe we are afraid of success.凿除成功的能力因为我们可能害怕成功。

Maybe we feel guilty about some of the things that we have in our life and that in turn limit us.可能我们对生命中一些东西感到内疚，这些都会反过来限制我们。

Maybe it’s about chipping away the limitations on our relationships in while we don’t thrive within them.也许甚至凿除两性关系中的限制，尤其是带来消极面的时候。This is what this class is mostly about.这些就是本课程的主要内容。

As Doro says:”Soul grows more by subtraction than by addition, by getting rid of these limitations, limitations that are preventing us from fulfilling our potential”.就像俗话说的那样：“做减法比做加法让灵魂成长得更快，减法包括除去那些阻碍我们发挥潜能的限制”。

Because our potential is in there in nature, we talk a lot about human nature.因为我们的潜能是天生的，我们关注人类本性。

It’s there whether it’s through God, whether it’s through evolution.是与生俱来的，无论是上帝赐予的，还是进化产生的。

We have a lot of potential that overtime with we fix stone of voices with being parts of our culture, that very often these limitations are put on top of us just like the excess stone.但是渐渐地受到外部文化压力，像多余石料一样，把我们禁锢起来了。

Lao Tzu, ”In pursuit of knowledge everyday something is acquired, in pursuit of wisdom, everyday something is dropped”.老子说过：“为学日益，为道日损”。

Knowledge is about information.Wisdom is about transformation.学即信息,道即变形。

I was recently interviewed for a newsletter on coaching before a large conference on the topic.And the interviewer asked me.我最近参加一次大型咨询业会议时接受了一家相关期刊的采访。采访者问我。So what tips, what tools can you give from positive psychology? 能给读者传授一些积极心理学建议吗？ So I talked about some of the greatest hits, the importance of gratitude, the importance of physical exercise.于是我谈到了一些热门话题，感恩的重要性，体育锻炼的重要性。I talked about the importance of spending time on our relationships, about taking time aside and simplifying and so on and so on.我谈到了花时间经营爱情的重要性，谈到了休息，简化等等。

And I was going through my long list.She stopped me and she said.我正滔滔不绝时。她打断了我说。l You know, Tal, this is all good.The importance of stuff, I know.l But readers already know that.谢谢，Tal，这些都不错。那些事情的重要性，我知道。但这些我们的读者都已经知道了。

I am looking for the Wow factor.Come on, surprise me.我想要的是轰动的因素能让我意外的东西。What can you tell our readers? 能否告诉我们的读者？

And I thought about this question for a minute, and I realized that there is no Wow.And I told her that.我想了一会这个问题然后意识到根本没有什么惊奇可言。我跟她这么说了。

You know if there is a wow, the wow is that there is no wow.That’s it.所谓的轰动之处就是没有轰动之处。就是这样。

Because the over-not-transformation emperor, the emperor of quick fixes has no clothes.因为没有经过转变，快速见效的说法都是皇帝的新衣。

It doesn’t exist;it’s over-promising and under-delivering.是不存在的，是过高的承诺和过低的兑现。l A life, a fulfilling life, a rich life includes ups and downs, includes pain and getting up again, includes failure and getting up again.生活，令人满意的生活，丰富的生活包括了起起落落，包括了痛苦和再次振作，包括失败和再次奋斗。

l It includes success and celebrating it, victories and losses, ups and downs as we will talk about next week.它包括了成功和庆祝成功，胜利与失败，起起和落落，我们下星期会讲到。

l It’s not about this one secret, one Wow to the good life.而不是关乎一个秘密，一个能让人过上幸福生活的令人惊奇的诀窍。

l And many of the things you will learn in the class, you’ve heard before.而你们将在本课程中学到的很多东西，都是你们之前听说过的。

l Probably nothing new to you.也许对你来说没有什么新鲜的内容。

l You already know it inside of you.在你内心深处你已经知道了。

l And you are going to say:”Well, it is common sense”.你会说“这是常识”。

l And yes, a lot of it is common sense.是的，很多都是常识。

l However, it is Voltaire once said:”Common sense is not that common”.但是伏尔泰曾经说过：“常识并非那么平常”。l And this especially applies to application.特别是应用于实际。

l So the aim of this class is to make common sense more common, especially in the real world application.所以本课程的目标是让常识更加平常，特别是应用到实际中。

l At the end of the class.在本课程结束时。

l Here’s what I am hoping for, at the end of the class, if you decide to take it at the end of the semester.我所希望的是，在本课程结束之时，如果你打算上这门课的话在本学期结束时。

l I don’t think—I am not expecting you to come and tell me.我不想，我不期待你跑过来告诉我。

l Wow, thank you for teaching me so many new things.谢谢你教给了这么多新东西。

l That’s what I am expecting.那不是我所期待的。

l I don’t think that is what will happen.我不认为那会发生。

l What I hope will happen is for you to come and say rather than “Thank you for teaching me” something you would say.我所希望发生的是你过来跟我说，不是说“谢谢你教了我”之类的话。

l “Thank you for reminding me of something that I’ve already known”.而是“谢谢提醒了我一些我熟知的事情”。

l And this is what this class is about.这就是本课程要做的。

l It’s constant reminder, twice a week.经常性的提醒，一周两次。

l Constant reminder of what you already know of what is inside you, the David that is inside you.经常提醒你们记起你们已知的东西，你们内心深处的东西，你们心中的大卫。

l And what this class will hopefully do is to help you chip away some of these limitations, whether it’s limitation, cognitive limitations that prevent you from seeing what already knew, emotional limitations that are preventing you from deriving the benefits of what you already know or behavioral limitations.本课程希望做到的是帮助你们凿掉一些束缚，不管是哪种束缚，是阻碍你认识已经熟知事物的认知束缚还是阻碍你从已经熟知事物中获取益处的情绪束缚抑或是行为束缚。

l The ABC affects behavior and cognition that we’ll talk about during the change week.基本要素是影响，行为和认知正是我们在改变周将要讨论。

l So I’m making common sense more common.我要让常识更平常。

l Information in and of itself is simply not enough.信息本身还不够。

l It’s not enough and what we need in addition to our information highway is a transformation highway.还不够，而我们除了信息高速公路外还需要转变高速公路。l Transformation highway or transformation back roads to come through the fast increasing pace because as we’ll talk about next time.转变高速公路还是转变乡村小道上来经历快速增长的步伐，因为我们就像下次课会说到的那样。

l Rates of depression are on the rise, rates of anxiety are on the rise, not just in this country, globally.抑郁率呈上升趋势，焦虑率呈上升趋势，不只是在这个国家，是全球化的现象。

l It’s literally global epidemic.简直就是全球传染病。

l And to deal with it, more information will just not do, just not enough.而为了应对它，更多的信息也并不够。

l Here is Archibald MacLeish.下面是Archibald MacLeish的话。

l He was a poet, was a Harvard professor.他生前是一位诗人，是哈佛的教授。

l What is wrong is not the greatest discoveries of science—information is always better than ignorance, no matter what information or what ignorance.错的不是科学的重大发现，有信息永远比无知强，不管是什么样信息和什么样无知。

l What is wrong is the belief behind the information, the belief that information will change the world, it won’t.错在于信息背后的信念，认为信息会改变世界的信念，但它不会。

l Just adding it and filling up our containers with more and more stuff, more and more information, more and more data.往我们的容器里增加装上越来越多的东西，越来越多的信息，越来越多的数据。

l It’s just not enough, we need more than that.还是不够，我们需要更多。

l This class will take a humanistic approach.本课程将采用一种人性的方法。

l Let me read you a quick excerpt by Abraham Maslow who talks about this approach.我来给你们读一小段Abraham Maslow的话。

l If one took a course or picked up a book on the psychology of learning, most of it, in my opinion, would be beside the point—that is, beside the “humanistic” point.如果有人上了一门关于心理学学习的课大部分内容在我看来是与重点无关的，也就是与人性无关。

l Most of it would present learning as the acquisition of associations of skills and capacities that are external and not intrinsic to the human character, to the human personality, to the person himself.大部分内容把学习展现为获得联想技能和能力，这些对于人的性格，人的个性，人本身来说只是外在的而并非本质的。

l External refers to information.外在指信息。

l Internal refers to the transformation, the changing of the form.内在指转变，形态的转变。l And when we talk about transformation, actually mean it quite literally—change of the form, changing of the brain as we’ll talk about.当我们谈到转变时实际上是非常字面的说法，形态的改变，大脑的改变，我们一会就谈到。

l We’ll talk about meditation for instance.比如我们会谈到冥想。

l We know our brain today can actually change through MRI studies since 1998.1998年后通过核磁共振研究我们知道大脑而已被改变。

l A new concept came up which is Neurogenesis or Neuroplasticity, meaning our brain actually changes and transforms.一个新的概念叫做神经形成或者神经可塑性，是指我们的大脑实际上会改变和转变。

l It changes its form throughout our life.在我们的一生中其形态都在改变。

l So I don’t just mean it metaphorically, I also very often mean it literally.所以我不只是在打比方，我也经常指的是字面意思。

l Abraham Maslow continues.继续Abraham Maslow的话。

l Humanistic philosophy offers a new conception of learning, of teaching and of education.人性的哲学衍生出关于学习，教学和教育的新概念。

l Stated simply, such a concept holds that the function of education, the goal of education, the human goal, the humanistic goal, the goal so far as human beings are concerned—is ultimately the “self-actualized” of a person, the becoming fully human, the development of the fullest height that the human species can stand up to or that the particular individual can come to.简单地说，这一概念认为教育的功能，教育的目标，人的目标，人性的目标，只要人还是被关注的目标——从根本上是一个人的自我实现，完全成为一个人，达到人类或者特定的某个个人能达到的最高高度。

l In a less technical way.通俗点讲。

l It is helping the person to become the best that he is able to become.就是帮助一个人成为最好的自己。

l And this was before the Ad came up for the army that “Be all you can be”.这些是军队的广告“做最好的自己”。

l This is what the class is about.这就是本课程所要讲的。

l It’s the humanistic approach.这就是人性的方法。

l It’s about fulfilling our potential, chipping away those limitations.关于实现我们的潜能，凿掉那些束缚。l Now to many of you this may sound naïve, idealistic.现在对于你们许多人这种方式似乎很天真，很理想主义。

l Naïve it is not, Idealistic it is.并不天真，但理想主义。

l And we’ll talk about and discuss the importance of idealism and maintaining idealism.我们会谈到和讨论理想主义和保守理想主义的重要性。

l If we are to introduce personal change, inter-personal change or community or society change.如果我们要介绍个人的改变，个人之间的改变，或群体与社会的改变的话。

l This class is not about providing answers concerning the good life and happiness.本课程不是提供关于美好生活和幸福的答案的。

l It is about identifying the right questions.是关于辨识正确的问题。

l Ask and ye shall your receive, say the Scripture.问过之后便会有收获，圣经如是说。

l This class is what I think education is all about which is that the quest for information and transformation must begin with the question.本课程就是我认为的教育的宗旨也就是对信息和转变的探索必须由一个问题开始。

l Quest, question.探索，问题。

l There is no coincidence that there is an etymological link between the two.这两者在词源上有所关联并非巧合。

l In this class we’ll be asking, you’ll be asked many questions, questions that as you’ll see, create reality.在本课程中，我们会问，你们会被问许多问题，你们将会看到那些问题创作了现实。

l We’ll talk about it already next time.我们下次会讲到。

l The importance of the questions you ask of yourselves first and foremost of your partner, of your students, of your parents, of your employees in the future, teammates and so on.那些你首先向你自己，然后问你的搭档，学生，父母，未来的雇员和同事提出的问题的重要性。

l Questions make a difference.问题十分重要。

l Peter Drucker, ”The most common source of mistake in management decisions is the emphasis on finding the right answer rather than the right question”.Peter Drucker说：“在管理决策最常见的错误来源是强调找到正确答案而非正确的问题”。

l Peter Drucker considered the most important management scholar of 20th century just recently passed away, saying the biggest mistake is not asking the right questions.Peter Drucker是20世纪最重要的管理学学者，最近刚刚去世，说最大的错误是没有问正确的问题。l As we’ll see next week, this is the biggest mistake in research potential;this is the biggest mistake in application.我们下次会看到，这也是在研究中潜在的最大的错误，这也是在应用中最大的错误。

l Not asking the right questions as well.没有问正确的问题。

l Whether it’s in managing organizations, whether it’s managing our lives.不论是在管理组织还是在管理我们的生活。

l Now, when I said that questions are important and answers matter less, I am not coming from a point of relativism.现在当我说问题重要而答案没那么重要时，我不是从相对论的观点来说的。

l I’m not a relativist, I think they are…….我不是相对论者，我认为他们……。

l To some questions definitive answers that are important to know.对于某些问题，知道决定性的答案很重要。

l However, what I’m saying is that it’s important, not less important to focus on questions when it comes to education.但是，我所说的是当提到教育时关注问题很重要，而不是较不重要。

l The educator, Neil Postman once said.教育家Neil Postman曾经说过。

l The kids enter schools as question marks and they leave as periods.孩子进校时像问号而毕业时像句号。

l My hope in this class is to bring up many more question marks than periods.我的希望是本课程培养的问号要比句号多。

l Once again, it’s about chipping away the excess stone because as kids.再一次，这是关于凿掉多余的石头。

l We are always asking questions, we are always curious.因为作为孩子，我们永远都在问问题，我们永远都很好奇。

l Let me show you a quick excerpt from a video of one of my favorite psychologists, actually the comedian Seinfeld.我来放一段我最喜爱的心理学家之一的录影，其次是喜剧演员宋飞。

l Here he is talking about…… 他要讲的是……

l We will watch a lot of excerpts throughout the semester.我们这个学期会看很多录影。

l Talking about what we were like as kids.如果像孩子一样我们会是怎样。

l So, the first couple of years I made my own costumes which of course sucked, the ghost, the hobo, then finally, the third year, begging the parents, I got the Superman Halloween costume, not surprisingly, Cardboard box, self-made top, mask included, remember the rubber band on the back of that mask? That was a quality item there, wasn’t it? 于是前两年，我自己做服装当然不怎么样，鬼啊，流浪汉啊，第三年终于求了爸妈，我得到了超人的万圣节服装，并不奇怪，纸盒箱，自己做的上衣，还有面具，还记得面具后面的橡皮筋吗？那可是个质量不错的玩意，不是吗。

l That was good for about 10 seconds before it snapped out of that cheap little staple they put it in there with.它可以坚持用10分钟之后就会从那个廉价订书钉里掉出来。

l You got to your first house, “Trick or…”, Snap!It broke, I don’t believe it.你去了第一个人家。“不给糖就……“啪嗒，橡皮筋断了，简直不敢相信。

l Wait up you guys.I gotta fix it!Hey, wait up!Wait up!你们等我一下，我能修好它，等我一下，等我一下。

l Kids don’t say “wait”.孩子们不说“等“。

l They say “wait up!Wait up!” 他们说等我一下，等我一下。

l Coz when you are little your life is up.因为当你还小的时候，你的生活都在上面。

l Your future is up, everything you want is up.你的未来在上面，你所要的一切都在上面。

l Wait up!Hold up!Shut up!等一下，举起来，闭嘴！

l Momma, clean up!Let me stay up!妈妈，打扫一下，让我晚点睡吧！

l Parents of course are just the opposite, everything is down.父母当然刚好相反，一切都在下面。

l Just calm down, slow down!冷静，慢一点！

l Come down here, sit down, put that down!给我冷静，坐下，把那个放下！

l So again this curiosity, this looking up.所以孩子们的这种好奇，这种寻找。

l This opening up is opposed to closing down that kids have.这种开放的心态是与封闭相反的。

l This notion, this is what I hope will happen in this class.我希望在本课程中会产生这种观念。

l The one real objective of education is to leave a man in the condition of continually asking questions.教育的真正目的是让一个人可以连续发问。

l So here is a longitudinal study that was done by John Carter.所以下面讲讲John Carter所作的纵向研究。

l John Carter, professor of leadership management of the business school across the river, came to Harvard in 1972, joined the faculty and started to follow Harvard class, MBA class of 1973 and followed them through 20years.John Carter是河对面的商学院的领导管理学教授，1972年来到哈佛做了老师并开始关注哈佛的课程，从1973年起一直关注了20年MBA课程。

l And what he was interested in was to find all the information he could about this class.他想尽可能收集所有关于这门课的信息。

l What he found 20years later, early 90s when this study ended was these students were extremely successful or ex-students were extremely successful, students were extremely successful.20年后，90年代初当这个研究结束时，他发现这些学生都极其成功，以前的学生都极其成功，学生们都极其成功。

l Very wealthy, having a lot of impact whether it’s on the organizations, on the community.非常有钱，有很大的影响力，不论是在组织上还是社会上。

l They did extremely well.他们都做得极其好。

l But within the large group of highly successful Harvard MBAs.但是在这群极其成功的哈佛MBA里。

l He found a small group that was extraordinary successful, more successful than the rest of group whether in terms of income whether in terms of impact whether in terms of overall quality of life.他发现有一部分人是格外成功的，比其他人要更成功，无论是在收入上还是在影响力上抑或是在总体生活质量上。

l Extraordinary successful, what he wanted to identify was why—what distinguishes this small group from the rest of the pack, very successful, but not quite as successful as that small group.格外的成功，他想弄明白其中的原因——这一小部分人和其他人有何分别，其他人也非常成功，但没有那一小组人那么成功。

l And he found two things.他只找出了两件事。

l It was not their IQs that made no difference whatsoever to their long-term success.不是他们的智商，智商对他们长期成功的因素没有影响。

l It was not where they came from, pre-MBA, what they did had nothing to do with it.不是他们在读MBA之前的出身，他们做的事和这一点关系都没有。

l Two and two things along mattered in terms of determining who will be the extraordinarily successful and the rest.只有两件事会决定谁会成为格外成功的人和其余的人上有关系。

l The first thing was the extraordinarily successful groups really believe in themselves, they thought they could do well.第一是那部分人真的相信自己，他们认为自己能做好。

l They were driven, they were motivated.他们有目的，他们有动力。l And we’ll talk about it in future lecture as belief it self-fulfilling prophecies.我们会在下一次课程讲到自我实现的预言。

l They thought ”I’m going to make it, I’m going to succeed”.他们认为我会做到，我会成功。

l That’s the first thing, the sense of the confidence.这是第一件事，自信。

l The second thing that he found was this group they were always asking questions—always asking questions.他发现的第二件事是这部分人一直在问问题，一直在问问题。

l Initially of their boss, later of their employees, of their partner, children, parents, friends.最初是问他们的老板，后来是问他们的雇员，他们的搭档，孩子，父母，朋友。

l They were always asking questions.他们一直在问问题。

l They were always at the state of curiosity.他们一直处于好奇的状态。

l Always looking up, opening up, wanting to understand the world the more.一直在寻找，有开放的心态，想要更加了解世界。

l They didn’t say ”Now I have my MBA, that’s it, I know enough”.他们没有说“我现在有了MBA学位，就行了，我知道的够多了”。

l They were life-long learners.他们是终身学习者。

l They were always asking questions.他们一直在问问题。

l These two distinguishing characteristics account for the difference between the extraordinarily successful and those who were successful.这两个区别性的特质导致了格外成功和成功的人之间的差别。

l The question that has guided me whether it’s in writing the book, whether it’s in creating this class, whether it’s first and foremost my personal life is what I call “the question of the question” which is how can we help ourselves and others, individuals, communities and society become happier.那个指引了我的问题，不论是写书还是开设这门课，还是被我所称的“问题的问题”就是我们如何能帮助自己和他人，个人，群体和社会变得更幸福。

l Note that it is not about helping ourselves and others become happier, it is about become happier.注意这不是关于帮助我们自己和他人变得幸福，而是关于变得更幸福。

l Why? Because many people ask me.为什么？因为很多人问我。

l So Tal, are you happy? 那么Tal，你幸福吗？ l And I can’t really answer that question;I don’t know what it means.我真的不能回答那个问题，我不知道那是什么意思。

l How do I determine whether or not I am happy? 我如何判断自己是否幸福？

l Is it compared to someone else? 是和别人比较？

l Is there a certain point beyond which I become happy? 是不是存在一个点，超过之后就变幸福了？

l Happiness is not a binary either or zero or one, either I’m happy or I’m unhappy.幸福不是二进制的非此即彼，0或1，要么幸福要么不幸福。

l Happiness resides on a continuum.幸福存在于一个连续统一体。

l So my answer to this question “am I happy?” 所以我对这个问题的回答——我幸福吗？

l Is today I’m happier than I was 15years ago when I started focusing on this pursuit.我今天是否比我15年前刚开始关注追求幸福时更幸福？

l 15years from now I certainly hope to be happier than I am today.15年后我当然希望自己能比今天幸福。

l Happiness is lifelong pursuit.幸福是终身的追求。

l Hopefully this class is part of that pursuit, but just part.希望本课程是这种追求的一部分，但只是一部分。

l You’ll not be happy at the end of class.你们不会在课程结束时幸福。

l Hopefully you’ll be happier.希望你们能比现在幸福。

l Cos many people sit here during the lectures on self-esteem, for example, or when we talk explicitly about happiness.因为很多人坐在这听有关自尊的讲座时，比如或者当我们明确地讨论幸福时。

l They say, ”Wait, do I have self-esteem?”.他们说，“等等，我的自尊心强吗？”。

l Thinking to themselves.他们自己想到。

l Do I have high self-esteem or low self-esteem? Irrelevant.我的自尊是较强的还是较弱的？

l Impossible to answer also.这也是没有意义，无法回答的。l The question is “how can I improve my self-esteem?, my healthy self-esteem, not narcissism of course”.问题是，我如何能提高我的自尊？我健康的自尊而当然不是自恋。

l How can I become happier? 我怎样才能变得幸福？

l That’s an important question.那是一个重要的问题。

l And this is the question of questions.这是问题的问题。

l This class is not a survey of positive psychology.本课程不是一个积极心理学的概论。

l If you want a survey on positive psychology.如果你想要关于积极心理学的概论。

l I can recommend some excellent textbooks.我可以推荐一些很不错的课本。

l Whether it’s by Lopez(Shane Lopez)or by Peterson(Chris Peterson).Lopez 或是Peterson的书。

l Great textbooks, There is also The Handbook of Positive Psychology which is a huge book with most what you want to know about this field.很不错的课本，还有一本积极心理学手册，一本很厚的书，里面有这个领域大多数你想知道的内容。

l You can also use it in self-defense, very useful in that respect.你也可以用它自卫，自卫非常管用。

l But a wonderful book, very well-written, very accessible in the spirit of positive psychology.但是很棒的书，写得非常好，让人很容易里面积极心理学。

l But this is not that, this is not the survey of positive psychology.但这里讲的不是那些，不是积极心理学概论。

l What it is is a selective exploration of the question of the questions.而是对问题中的问题的选择性探索。

l In that way, it is eclectic.从那个角度讲，它是折中的。

l My background is in psychology and philosophy.我的背景是心理学和哲学。

l I studied organizational behavior.我学了组织行为学。

l I worked as a consultant in business for a few years, still do some work there.我做过几年商业顾问，仍然还做一些这方面的工作。

l I worked in the field of education, doing a lot of work in field of education.我在教育领域工作过，在教育领域内做过很多工作。l And I take from all these areas.我从所有这些领域中吸取内容。

l I also draw on not just from positive psychology;I draw on clinical psychology in this class.我还不只是从积极心理学中吸取内容，我把临床心理学的内容融入这个课程中。

l I draw on cognitive psychology, social psychology and so on.我融入了认知心理学，社会心理学等等内容。

l It is eclectic class.这是一个折中的课程。

l Because my questions.因为我的问题。

l My guiding question was “what would contribute to happiness?”.我的引导性问题是什么会对幸福有贡献。

l And if something within psychopathology I thought could contribute to our wellbeing.如果我认为精神病理学的内容能对我们的幸福有贡献。

l I took that and used that.我会吸取并利用之。

l And if something from the field of consulting in organizational behavior could contribute that became part of the class as much as I could fit in of course in one semester.而如果一些有关组织行为学的咨询领域的东西有用的话，那也会成为本课程的一部分，只要能在一个学期内讲完。

l So the class is eclectic.所以本课程是折中的。

l The class is not cross-cultural.本课程不是跨文化交流。

l I will bring in ideas from eastern thought.我会引进一些东方思想的观点。

l I lived in Asia for a few years;I worked there, studied and continue to study the eastern philosophies and psychologies.我在亚洲住过几年，我在那工作，持续研究东方哲学和心理学。

l But my train primarily is in western psychology and the focus of the class will be that.但我的专业主要是在西方心理学上，而课程的重点将会是西方心理学。

l However that doesn’t mean that positive psychology doesn’t apply to people from different places in the world.但是那并不意味着积极心理学不适用于世界上其他地方的人。

l There was recently a meeting between senior scientists psychology from the west.最近有一场高资历科学家之间的会议，来自西方的心理学家。l People like Paul Ekman, Richard Davidson, some of the most important minds in the field of psychology, meeting with the DLLM and some of his monks.像Paul Ekman和Richard Davidson，这些在心理学领域内最重要的人物，和DLLM还有他的一些僧侣进行会谈。

l They were talking about the future of psychology, about the research, and how can you research meditation and so on.他们谈论了心理学的未来研究，还有如何进行冥想等等。

l And one of the things they were talking a lot about is the cultural difference.而他们谈论最多的话题之一就是文化差异。

l And when that came up, the DLLM suddenly seemed uneasy.当提到这个问题时，DLLM突然好像不舒服。

l And when Daniel Goleman who was writing about this whole event and it was hold in India asked him what’s wrong.当记录整个会议的Daniel Goleman，会议是在印度开的，问他怎么了。

l DLLM said that he was not comfortable with talking and emphasizing so much cultural difference.DLLM说他不是因为谈到并强调文化差异而不舒服。

l You can say many things about DLLM.对DLLM你可以有很多评价。

l One thing you cannon say about him is that he’s culturally insensitive.但你不能说他在文化方面不敏感。

l Arguably one of the most sensitive people alive.他可以说是还在世的最敏感的人之一。

l And yet he said we are focusing too much on cultural difference.然而他说，我们对文化差异的关注太多了。

l And he added not because there are no cultural differences.他补充道不是因为没有文化差异。

l Of course they are and they are important.当然有而且很重要。

l But there are many more similarities than differences.但文化共同性要比差异多。

l And we shouldn’t ignore those similarities.而我们不应该无视这些共同性。

l Daniel Goleman about the DLLM.Daniel Goleman如此评价DLLM。

l We were a little bit surprised by the DLLM’s seeming resistance to the notion of cultural differences.我们有点惊讶于DLLM这种表面上的对文化差异概念的抵触。l So I am willing to introduce these ideas but A because it is not my training and people who are focusing on cultural differences will do a much better job than I do.所以我想介绍这些观点，但是首先因为这不是我的专业，研究文化差异的人会比我做的更好。

l And second, because what I hope to look into is the universal, things are common across cultures.其次，因为我所希望研究的是普遍事物，不同文化中普遍的东西。

l So we’ll study research in this area but even more than that.所以我们会在这方面进行研究，但不只是这样。

l We’ll become even more particular than just talking about psychology in this part of the world.我们的讨论比这部分心理学更具体。

l We’ll study yourselves.我们将会研究你们自己。

l We are going to go that particular.我们会如此具体。

l Now why? When I put this class together, I didn’t think to myself.为什么？当我开这么课程时，我自己没有想过。

l OK, so what are the things that I need to introduce in order to please the participants in the class, the students? 好的，我需要介绍些什么东西以便能取悦课程的参与者，这些学生呢。

l That’ not what I thought.那不是我所想的。

l What I thought about was “what was the class that I would have wanted to take as an undergraduate here”? 我所想的是如果我是个本科生，会想上什么课？

l What would help me become happier if I were sitting there? 如果我坐在这，什么能让我更幸福？

l In other words, thinking from my perspective from very personal perspective.换言之，从我的观点，我非常个人的观点出发。

l In this class, I am going to encourage you.在我们的课上，我会鼓励你们。

l Of course you’ll look at research and read research about other people about large sample sizes.当然你们可以看和阅读关于别人的研究，有大量的样本。

l But I’m going to encourage you more than anything to look inside yourselves, to study yourselves.但最主要的，我会鼓励你们去看自己的内心，去研究自己。

l Whether it’s through response papers that will be due weekly starting in 2 weeks.无论是通过两周后开始的每周一次的课后论文。l Whether it’s in your final project that will be a presentation that you won’t have to give but you’ll have to write out.还是你们最后的演示作业，你们不用做演示但要写出来。

l A presentation about your favorite topic or the topic that matters most to you.关于你敢兴趣的话题或者对你来说最重要的话题。

l Whether it’s in sections that you’ll be talking about how I can apply these ideas to my life.还是关于如何能把这些观点应用于我的生活。

l The time-ins are about thinking about how can I take in the ideas and use them.联系时间时关于如何接受和利用一些观点。

l It’s about studying ourselves.是关于研究我们自己。

l Because as Carl Rogers says.因为正如Carl Rogers所说。

l What is most personal is most general.越是个人的东西越普遍。

l And as Maslow adds.正如Maslow所补充。

l We must remember that knowledge of one’s own deep nature is also simultaneously knowledge of human nature in general.我们必须记住对一个人深层本性的认识，同时也是对普遍人类本性的认识。

l When we understand ourselves better.当我们更了解自己时。

l When we identify ourselves.当我们认识到自己时。

l We are better able to identify with others.我们就更能认识他人。

l In fact, this is in many ways the source of empathy, of the healthy empathy.事实上，从许多方面说这是有益移情的来源。

l And there are some studies showing that people who know themselves, who study themselves, who are self-reflective display less egregious behavior, less immoral behavior toward others.有些研究表明了解自己的人、研究自己的人、反思自己的人对别人做出过分的事情、不道德的行为会相对较少。

l Behavior that would fall under say, racism.那种比如说种族歧视的行为。

l And it’s counter-intuitive to some extent.在一定程度上这是反直觉的。

l Wait, don’t you first need to study the other so that you can be more sensitive to others? 等等，你难道不要首先研究别人才能对别人更敏感吗?

l Yes, that too, but it’s not enough.是的，那也需要，不过还不够。l It’s important to also study ourselves.研究我们自己也很重要。

l Because when we see our deep nature.因为当我们看到自己的深层本性时。

l What we encounter there is actually part of the universal nature.我们看到的是部分普遍的本性。

l The similarities among us all, regardless of where we are from.我们所有人之间的共性，不管我们来自哪里。

l And this was what DLLM was talking about, not stop cross-culture, do it, important, but the same time, not ignore the self, not ignore the universal within each one of us.而这就是DLLM所说的，不是组织跨文化研究，去做吧，很重要，但同时，不要忽略自己，不要忽略我们每一个人身上的普遍性。

l C.S Lewis, “There is one thing and only one in the whole universe which we know about that we could learn from external observation, that one thing is ourselves”.C.S Lewis说，整个宇宙中有且只有一件我们知道我们可以从外部观察中学习到的事，那就是我们自己。

l We have, so to speak, inside information, we are in the know.我没有，可以说是，内在的信息，我们是知道的。

l Now there are of course biases when we study ourselves, which is why it’s not enough to just study the self.当我们研究自己时当然会有偏颇，这就是为什么只研究自己是不够的。

l It’s important to counter it, to add to it, academic work, studying others.要克服这个问题，把学术工作，研究他人融入进去很重要。

l That’s why we’ll do some research or study research as well as do some search, searching inside us.那就是为什么我们除了探究我们的内心外，也会做一些研究或者调查研究。

l Both are important.两者并重。

l We shouldn’t, just because there are biases and mistakes that potentially can be made.我们不应该只是因为会有潜在的偏颇和错误。

l It doesn’t mean we need to throw out the baby with the bath water and stop studying ourselves.这并不意味着我们要因噎废食，停止研究自己。

l So we’ll do that or rather you’ll do that probably more than any other class on campus.所以我们会，更准确地说是你们会这样做比学校里的其他课程做得更多。

l Finally this may be news to you.最后这个可能对你们来说有些新。

l But this is not English 10A or Math 55.但这不是10A号英语课和55号数学课。l Meaning you will not have to read as much as you will read for 10A or for a history class.就是说你不用像10A号课或者历史课那样做大量的阅读。

l And this class is not as difficult as Math 55 so you rest.也不像55号数学课一样难，所以你们可以轻松些。

l I’m sure there are some people here who took the class.我相信这有些人上过这门课。

l This class at the same time is about rigorous fun.本课程同时是一种严格的乐趣。

l Fun…Because it’s fun to study ourselves.乐趣……因为研究我们自己很有意思。

l Sometimes it hurts and sometimes we see that we may not like.有时会让我们受伤有时我们看到一些我们不愿意看到的东西。

l But overall it’s fun, it’s interesting.但总的来说还是有趣的，很有意思。

l And at the same time it’s rigorous, based on research.同时又是严格的，以研究为基础。

l Now many of the ideas that you’ll encounter in this class are very simple, very accessible, common sense.你们将在本课程中遇到的许多观点都很简单，很容易理解，常识。

l However they are simple, not simplistic.但它们是简单，不是过分简单化。

l And here is the difference.这两者是有区别的。

l Oliver Wendell Holmes, this court is attributed to him not 100% sure it’s this—said.Oliver Wendell Holmes，这个报告厅就是他捐建的，但不能完全确定是他所有的——说过。

l I would not give a fig for the simplicity on this side of complexity.我不会认为与复杂性一致的简单性是微不足道的。

l But I would give my life for the simplicity on the other side of complexity.但我会把我的一生用来研究与复杂性相对的简单性。

l What Holmes means here is that he doesn’t care about just simplicity, easy, off-the-cuff, whimsical ideas.Holmes这里的意思是他关心的不只是简单性、简单的、随意的、难以预料的想法。

l What he does care about through is the simplicity that comes after.而他所关心的是之后的简单性。

l We have chewed the idea after we have digested it, after we have thought about it.我们深思了这个观点在我们吸收了它之后，在我们考虑过它之后。

l Ideas that have been worked on.那些我们所研究的观点。l And if on the other side of complexity we can read simplicity and common sense, that’s great.而如果与复杂性相反，我们能看出简单性和常识，那就很好。

l That’s what he’s interested in.那是他所感兴趣的。

l That is also positive psychology researchers that we’ll discuss throughout the semester are interested in.那也是我们整个学期要讨论的积极心理学研究者所感兴趣的。

l The simplicity on the other side of complexity.与复杂性相对的简单性。

l And there is a very big difference between these two simplicities.这两种简单性之间有很大的区别。

l Even though on the face of it, they may at times look similar.尽管乍看起来，它们有时也许是相似的。

l What this class requires is a very different kind of effort.本课程需要的是一种非常不同的努力。

l A very different kind of effort to other class.与别的课程非常不同的努力。

l Again it doesn’t require the effort that you’ll need in 55 or in English 10A.又一次，它不需要你像55号课和10A号英语课那样的努力。

l The kind of effort that it does require is the effort of application, of applying into your life, of introducing behavioral actual change to your life.它所需要的努力是一种应用的努力，努力把它应用到你的生活里，努力把行为的实际改变带入你的生活。

l And before we go into some of the technicalities of the class such as syllabus.在我们开始讲本课程的一些细节比如教学大纲之前。

l I want to end with a story about Peter Drucker.我想先讲一个关于Peter Drucker的故事。

l Peter Drucker, who I quoted earlier, father of study of management in modern times.Peter Drucker，我之前引用过他的话，是现代管理学研究之父。

l Peter Drucker lived to the grand old age of 94, passed away just a couple of years ago.Peter Drucker享年94岁，是几年前过世的。

l Toward the end of his life while he was still 100% lucid.在他生命的最后，当他头脑还百分比清醒时。

l It was more difficult for him to be mobile and to go into organizations.活动和参加组织活动对他来说更加困难了。l So what he did was invite people who wanted consulting from him, wanted to learn from him to come to his home.于是他邀请想咨询他问题的人，想跟他学习的人来他家。

l And he had Presidents, Premier Ministers of countries.有国家总统，总理。

l He had CEOs of Fortune 500 companies coming spend the weekend with him.财富500强公司的CEO和他一起过周末。

l And on Friday, this was how we started with every session with every world leader.而在星期五，每一次聚会都是这样开始的，对每一个世界级领袖。

l Whether in business, whether in non-for-profit, whether in politics.无论是商界的，非盈利机构的，还是政界的。

l He would say to them the following.他都会对他们说如下的一番话。

l On Monday I don’t want you to call me up and then tell me how wonderful it was.星期一我不想听到你们说有多美好。

l Meaning how wonderful the weekend was.意思是这个周末有多好。

l On Monday I want you to call me up and tell me what you are doing differently.星期一我想听到你们跟我说，你们做了些什么改变。

l At the end of the semester or at the end of the lecture.在这个学期结束后或者在这个讲座结束之后。

l If you enjoyed it.如果你们喜欢它。

l By all means tell me that enjoyed it, that you had fun.务必告诉我你们喜欢，你们获得了乐趣。

l But more important, it is what you are doing differently.但更重要的是你们所做的改变是什么。

l How this has an impact on your life and that takes effort.这对你们的生活有怎样的影响而那需要我们的努力。

l We are going to spend a whole week talking just about change.我们将用一周的时间讲改变。

l Nothing directly related to positive psychology.和积极心理学一点直接的关系也没有。

l Just about change.只是讲改变。

l Because it is so difficult to change.因为改变是那么难。l Because we know most organizational change fails because we know more individual change fails.因为我们知道大多数组织上的改变都失败了，因为我们知道更多的个人改变失败了。

l Unless we introduce behavioral change along with our cognitive and emotional change.除非我们引入行为上的改变的同时引入认知上和情绪上的改变。

l Affect and cognitive is not enough, behavior has to be there as well.影响和认知还不够，还必须有行为。

l What you are doing differently.你所做的改变。

l To do things differently very often takes courage.经常用不同的方式做事需要勇气。

l Some of your response papers that you’ll hand in—None of them are graded, they are all just graded “passed/failed”.一些你们要交上来的课后论文，都不会被打分，都只会有“及格和不及格”。

l You’ll have to hand them in and then you’ll pass.你们必须交论文，然后你们就及格了。

l But some of them may be the most difficult papers that you’ve written here.但一些也许是你所写过的最困难的论文。

l For some they’ll be the easiest.有一些会是最简单的。

l And things will just flow out.很自然地就能写出来。

l That’s about introducing change.那就是关于引入改变。

l That’s about reflecting.那就是关于反思。

l That’s about taking time-in.那就是关于花时间接受。

l That’s about chipping away the excess stone.那就是关于凿掉多余的石头。

l And it can only be done through this kind of effort.而这只能通过这种努力而实现。

l So if you really want class to make a difference in your life, it’s up to you.所以如果你真的想通过这门课来改变生活，一切取决于你。

l I’m going to introduce to you the material.我将会给你们介绍材料。

l I’m going to introduce to you this wonderful new field of positive psychology.我将会给你们介绍这个积极心理学的精彩的新领域。

l What is up to you is to then take it and apply it.而取决于你们的就是接收并应用它。l I want to talk a little about the syllabus and the requirements.我想谈一下教学大纲及要求。

l And I’ll give you a little time for questions.我会给你们一点时间去问问题。

l But before I do that.但在这之前。

l I would also like to welcome.我也想对。

l I know that some of you are watching this from home to the extension school students.我知道你们中的有些人正在家里看这堂课，对进修学校的同学们表示欢迎。

l It’s wonderful to have you here.很高兴你们能听我的课。

l Do come and visit once a while.有空过来看看。

l And you’ll be working with obviously part of this class.而你们将显然参与到我们的课程中来。

l But also with Deb Levy who is the.但也可以找Deb Levy。

l They had teaching fellow for the extension school.他是进修学校的助教。

l They had teaching fellow for the FAS class is Sean Achor.Sean Achor是文理学院的助教。

l And I’d like just to invite him for just a few words.我想请他来说几句话。

l Just introduce himself to you.向你们做个自我介绍。

l And you’ll be introduced to other TFs we have.而你们会被介绍给我们的其他助教。

l We have an amazing team this year.我们今年有只很棒的团队。

l This is Sean.这就是Sean。

l Hey, good morning.大家早上好。

l Can you guys hear me? 能听到我吗？

l Can you hear me now? Great.现在能听到吗？很好。

l This is absolutely honored to be back teaching positive psychology again.能回来再次为积极心理学做助教非常荣幸。

l Tal is too humble.Tal 太谦虚了。l This is not only extraordinary that he is sharing his time with us.很荣幸他能给我们上课。

l But he’s actually moved here back.他还把家搬来了。

l Moved his family back from Israel for the entire semester.把家从以色列搬到这一整个学期。

l His wife and his two little children just so he can teach this class with us.包括他的妻子和他的两个孩子只是为了能和我们一起教这门课。

l And this is absolutely an extraordinary opportunity for us to share this moment with them.对我们来说能和他们一起共事是个极好的机会。

l And I’m really excited about it.我真的很激动。

l Last time we taught this class.上一次我们教这门课时。

l We did a survey to find out what types of people were sitting in this room.我们做了调查看看坐在这上课的都是什么类型的人。

l They are just like yourselves.他们就像你们一样。

l And find out why you’ll be taking this class.看看为什么你们会上这门课。

l Coz the comment that we get so often about this class is why would Harvard students possibly be unhappy? 因为我们得到的关于这门课的评价常常是为什么哈佛的学生会不幸福。

l What do they have to be unhappy about? 他们有什么可不快乐的？

l They thought everyone who’d be taking this class would be taking it because they are already really happy.他们认为每个上这门课的人会上这门课是因为他们已经很幸福了。

l And they want to study about how amazing they are.他们想研究自己到底有多棒。

l And they’d like to learn things that they can tell the roommates so clearly that laugh themselves.他们想学一些能明白告诉室友他们得意的东西。

l But it turns out actually over a third of people who took this class last year took the class because they felt depressed.但是结果是去年有超过三分之一的人选这门课是因为他们感觉抑郁。

l And they were trying to learn about the research about positive psychology.他们想学习积极心理学。l And another third because they wanted to learn more about optimism.还有三分之一是因为他们想学会乐观。

l Another third did it for completely different reasons.另外三分之一的原因则完全不同。

l I think, Additional third this year did it because Tal was on the Jon Stewart Daily Show.我想今年还有三分之一的人选这门课是因为Tal上了Jon Stewart的Daily Show。

l So I am absolutely thrilled about this class.我很喜欢这门课。

l They syllabus which Tal is about to tell you about is… Tal 要告诉你们的教学大纲是。

l Actually we learned a couple of other things about you guys.其实我们了解你们的一些其他事。

l Did you know that of people who take positive psychology 75% of you are officers of club? 你不知不知道选了积极心理学的人中有75%的人是俱乐部的干部。

l 35% of you are the highest ranking officers of club.35%是俱乐部的高层干部。

l Which means that you think there are about 2000 clubs at Harvard.这意味着你认为哈佛有大约2000个俱乐部。

l You are in club of three, and you happen to be the president.你在一个只有3个人的俱乐部里，又恰好是主席。

l We learned other reasons why you are not happy.我们了解到你们不快乐的其他原因。

l We learned that the average number of romantic relationships for people to take positive psychology in 4 years is between zero and one.我们了解到上积极心理学课的人在4年里恋爱次数的平均数在0和1之间。

l Zero and one.0和1之间。

l No, I don’t believe it, don’t leave.不！我不信，不要走。

l But that was before taking positive psychology class.—That was before taking the class.但那是在上积极心理学课之前——是在上课之前。

l We are going to test you afterwards.我们之后会调查一下你们。

l The average number of sexual partners is between zero and 0.5.性伴侣数目的平均数是在0到0.5之间。

l I have no idea what.5 sexual partners is.我实在不知道0.5个性伴侣是什么。l This class is going to be amazing.这门课程将会很棒。

l It was amazing in the past and Tal we actually have extraordinary teaching staff here with us.它过去就很棒，而且我们有一个很出色的教学团队。

l It’s a large teaching staff.很大的教学团队。

l And Tal has actually already given us home works.Tal 实际上已经给我们布置了作业。

l So the teachers are going to be learning not only the material you are doing and talk you about which the experts that.所以老师们不仅要学你们学的那些材料和你们讨论专业的内容。

l But learning how to be better teachers.还要学习如何成为更好的老师。

l He’s given us books to read.他给了我们要读的书。

l He’s actually given us assignment.他事实上给我们布置了任务。

l It’s a big extraordinary class in that sense.从那个意义上说这是个很特别的课程。

l In terms of the syllabus, it’s going to be online.至于教学大纲，网上会有。

l Tal just described now we’ve decided to go green.Tal说现在我们决定要环保。

l So no trees are in making of this class except the large auditorium made of wood.所以这门课程中不能使用树木制品，除了这个木制的大礼堂。

l Sections—we are going to try sections online next weekend.我们下周会在网上分组。

l So we are going to get the numbers on Wednesday.所以我们星期三会知道有多少分组。

l On following weekend we will be doing sectioning that gives you a very short of turnaround time.下个周末我们会做分组任务，给你们的周转时间就非常少了。

l But that way you can give me Monday to change your section if you need to which I hope you won’t.如果需要的话，你们可以在周一换组，虽然我不希望你们改。

l And sections will start the following week.分组会在下一个星期开始。

l Thank you very much, if you have any questions, sends me an email.非常感谢，如果还有什么问题，给我发邮件。

l OK, so… 好的，那么……

l I think I don’t need to explain to you.我想我不需要跟你们解释。l Why there is one lecture in the semester that I don’t teach and Sean will teach it.为什么这学期有一节课不是我教而是Sean教的。

l And that is the lecture on humor.而那节是讲幽默的。

l Figure out why yourselves.你们自己想想为什么。

l I do think you’ll have to walk and talk if you are teaching something.我确实认为如果你想教什么你就必须擅长。

l The syllabus.教学大纲。

l The class, is to introduce you to my thinking about the class is what I call it integrated class.本课程，是像你介绍我关于这门课程的想法的，是我所谓的整体的课程。

l What that means is that integrated vertically as well as horizontally.就是指纵向的整体和横向的整体。

l Vertically means that every class connected to the next class is connected to every class throughout the semester around a spiral.纵向意味着每一节课都和下一节课有关系，和整个学期内的每一节课都有关系，呈一个螺旋状。

l So what we’ll talk about next week.所以我们下周所讲的内容。

l We’ll revisit it again in lesson 7, lesson 17 and lesson 24.我们将在第7课，第17课和第24课里再回顾一遍。

l Everything is interconnected on the higher level on a spiral.所有内容在一个更高的水平上呈螺旋状互相联系。

l In other words will lead to deep understanding and hopefully assimilation of the material.换言之，会带来深刻的理解和我所希望的对材料的吸收。

l So it’s vertically interconnected.所以是纵向相互联系的。

l It’s also horizontally interconnected.同样也是横向相互联系的。

l That means every part of the class reinforces and influences the other part.就是说课程中的每一部分都强调并影响另一部分。

l The lectures, not enough, you’ll get a lot more in sections.上课还不够，你们在分组作业里面将收获更多。

l Sections are mandatory.分组作业是强制的。l You’ll do a lot of work in your sections very much related to your response papers.你们要在你们的分组里做大量和你课后论文相关的工作。

l That many students claim the most important part of the class.许多学生说这是本课程最重要的部分。

l Because that’s where you get the time-in.因为这样你们才有了练习时间。

l That’s when you really get to chip away.这个你们真正开始凿掉的时候。l Very much connected to the final project.和期末的大作业有很大的关系。

l The final project is a presentation that you’ll write out.期末作业是一个演示稿。

l You don’t actually give it but give it to a couple of friends just to get feedback.你们不用阵的做演示，但要向几个朋友演示以及获得反馈。

l Not graded on that part.那部分不计分。

l The final project is graded as a final paper but just what you hand in what you submit.期末作业是以期末论文计分的，但只是你们教上来的，你们提交的那份。

l And the reason why there is a final paper because the best way which is like a presentation.为什么写期末论文是因为像演示那样的最好的方式。

l Because the best way to learn is to teach.因为最好的学习方式是教。

l And you’ll be teaching these materials to other people—any material that you are interested in in your presentation.你们将把这些材料教给别人，任何在你的陈述中你所感兴趣的内容。

l So the readings very much connected and take you to the next level of understanding and assimilations.那么阅读非常有关系，会把你们带到理解和吸收的另一个水平的高度。

l So any questions before I finish up? Any questions from you? 在我讲完之前有问题吗？你们有什么要问的吗？

l Alright, so let me just say—one second finishing words.好了，那就让我说最后一秒钟结束语。

l I am very excited to be back here.对于能回到这里我感到非常激动。

l My families are very excited to be back here.我的家人对于回到这里也非常激动。

l Looking forward to a meaningful, pleasurable, enjoyable and happier semester with you.期望能和你们共度一个有意义的，愉快的，令人享受的和更加幸福的学期。 l Thank you.谢谢。