人教必修五Unit2语法:过去分词作宾补练习(精)

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第一篇:人教必修五Unit2语法:过去分词作宾补练习(精)

动词过去分词作宾语补足语练习

1.Being poor at English, I'm afraid I can't make myself ___.A.understand B.to understand C.understanding D.understood 2.You must get the work ___ before Friday.A.do B.to do C.doing D.done 3.After entering the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder ___.A.stealing B.stolen C.being stolen D.to be stolen 4.We are pleased to see the problem ___ so quickly.A.settled B.settling C.be settled D.to settle 5.I don't want the children ___ out in such weather.A.take B.to take C.taken D.taking 6.You should understand the traffic rule by now.You've had it ___often enough.A.explaining B.to explain C.explain D.explained 7.We found her greatly ___.A.changing B.changed C.change D.to change 8.I saw him ___ on the road just now.A.lyingB.lay C.lain D.to lie 9.Jane got her bad tooth ___ at the dentist's.A.put out B.pulled out C.pushed out D.drew out 10.They hurried back home only to find their house ___ into.A.break B.to break C.broken D.breaking 11.We do not feel ___ to enter modern buildings;everything about them seems unfriendly.A.invited B.inviting C.to invite D.to be invited 12.I'm going to have my letters ____ tomorrow if I've got them ready by then.A.to type B.type C.typed D.typing 13.The man____there is Peter’s father.A.stood B.to stand C.standing D.stand 14.The result of the entrance exams was not made __to the public until last Thursday.A.knowing B.known C.to be known D.to know 15.He looked around and noticed a man __ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting 16.When I entered his office, I saw a gun ______ on the wall.A.fasten B.Fastened C.fastening D.to fasten

第二篇:动词过去分词做宾补专项练习及答案

动词过去分词做宾补专项练习及答案

一.单选

1.The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see____ the next year.A.carry out

B.carrying

C.carried out

D.to carry out 2.Mrs.Brown was very disappointed to see the washing machine she had had___ went wrong again.A.it

B.it repaired

C.repaired

D.to be repaired 3.The result of the entrance exams was not made ___ to the public until last Thursday.A.knowing

B known

C.to know

D.to be known 4.He found them ____ at table___.A.sat;to play chess

B.sitting;to play chess

C.seated;playing chess

D.seat;play the chess 5.You can make yourself _______ pretty well if you keep on speaking the language.A.understand

B.understood

C.understanding

D.to understand 6.---I can’t see the words on the blackboard.---Perhaps you need __________.A.to have your eyes examined

B.to examine your eye

C.to have examined your eyes

D.your eyes to be examined 7.Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.A.pay

B.paying

C.paid

D.to pay 8.As we joined the big crowd I got __ from my friend.A.separated

B.spared

C.lost

D.missed

二.用所给单词的正确形式填空 What he had said made me _________

(surprise)2 My glasses are broken.I’ll have to get them ________.(repair)The doctor warned him _________ food after the operation.(not eat)4 I don’t want any bad words ____(say)about him behind his back.5 Please get the work ______(do)as soon as possible.6 I’ll have the materials ____(send)to you next Monday morning.7 She won’t have her long and beautiful hair ____(cut)short.8 You should make your voice _____(hear).9 I want you to keep me _________(inform)of how things are going with you.10 The price is fine with me.How would you like it _____(pay)?

三.改错

1.They woke up, finding everything around changing.2.The gate remained locking and we had to wait outside.3.You’ll see many problems to be settled in this way.4.The murderer was brought in, with his hands being tied behind his back.四.高考链接

1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_______ the next year.A.carry out

B.carrying out C.carried out

D.to carry out 2.Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music.A.making herself hear

B.to make herself hear C.making herself heard

D.to make herself heard 3.Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents_____.A.worried

B.to worry

C.worrying

D.worry

答案:

一.CCBCBACA

二.1.Surprised

2.repaired

3.not to eat 4.said 5.done

6.sent

7.cut

8.heard

9.informed

10.paid

1.changed

四.ADA 2.locked

3.settled 4.tied

第三篇:高二英语 UNIT 2过去分词作宾补专项习题

高二英语 UNIT 2过去分词作宾补专项习题(多种题型)

课文中过去分词作宾语补足语经典范例: Text 1 1.Now when people refer to England you find Wales ___________ as well.(include)2.Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland ___________ in the same peaceful way.(connect)Text 2 1.To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels________special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.(guard)2.It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo _______ standing on either side of the line.(take)

过去分词作宾语补足语基本结构:

see/hear/find/feel/have/make/keep/get/want/wish/would/like/with等+ sth(通常是物)+ V-ed(动词过去分词)

一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.I'd like to see the plan ________(carry)out.2.At that moment, I saw him _________(cross)the road.3.I was glad to see the children well _______(take)care of.4.To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _____(speak)as much as we can.5.She raised her voice to make herself ________(hear)by all the people in the hall.6.I was surprised to find my hometown _________(change)so much.7.He got his tooth _________(pull)out yesterday.8.I heard an English song ________(sing)by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.9.It's wrong of you to leave the machine _________(run)all the time.10.While walking along the street, I heard my name ________(call).11.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ________(lose)for words.12.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________(remind)of his own dreams.13.Claire had her luggage _________(check)an hour before her plane left.14.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _________(amuse)with her stories.15.Alexander tried to get his work __________(recognize)in the medical circles.16.I'm glad to see that you had your moustache ________(shave)off.17.I got the story ________(write)in French.Mr.White did it.18.Our manager left the problem _________(unsettle).19.Please keep us _________(inform)of the latest situation.20.He had the boy _________(throw)out the rubbish.21.The fertilizers will make the vegetables __________(grow)big and strong.22.As a guard you should not let strangers ________(enter)the gym.23.The peasants were often made __________(work)from morning till night.24.The chemistry teacher let me ________(enter)for the chemistry competition.25.We will send a guard _________(guard)your school.He 's been stationed at the gate.26.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his words _________(understand).27.The scientists were waiting to see the problem _________(settle).28.He reads newspapers every day to keep himself _________(inform)about what's going on in the world.29.She fell down and broke three of her teeth.She wonders how many times she has to come here and gets her false teeth _________(fix).30.Mother had me ________(go)to the shop and buy some salt.31.It's about time that we got the kitchen _________(repaint).32.He made it ___________(know)that he would not be running for re-election.33.With his homework __________(finish), he went out to play football.34.I heard my name ____________(call).35.We found the eggs____________(eat)by the snake.36.I had my left arm___________(break)yesterday.二.过去分词作宾语补足语选择练习(注意:有部分题目为对比题,请认真比对!)

1.I don’t want the children ____ out in such weather.A.take B.to take C.taken D.taking 2.I don’t want ____ the children out in such weather.A.take B.to take C.taken D.taking 3.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.A.finished B.finishingC.having finished D.was finished 4.Helen had to shout ______ above the sound of the music.A.making herself hear B.to make herself hear C.making herself heardD.to make herself heard 5.Helen had to shout ______ above the sound of the music.A.making others hearB.to make others hear C.making others hearD.to make others heard 6.Can you have the washing-machine______to my house? A.send B.to send C.sent D.sending 7.Can you have someone ______ the washing-machine to my house? A.send B.to send C.sent D.sending 8.She wants her paintings ______ in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular.A.display B.to display C.displaying D.displayed 9.She wants ______her paintings in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular.A.display B.to display C.displaying D.displayed 10.It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.A.put away B.putting away C.putted away D.to put away 11.It is wise to ____some money for old age.A.put away B.putting away C.putted away D.to put away 12.I’m afraid that I can’t make myself ____ because of my poor English.A.understand B.understanding C.to understand D.understood 13.I’m afraid that I can’t make the foreigners ____ me because of my poor English.A.understand B.understanding C.to understand D.understood 14.Mother didn’t leave until she saw her child ____ the street and ____ the school gate.A.crossing;entering B.crossing;enter C.cross;entering D.cross;enter 15.We should keep them________ of what is going on here, so we must keep in touch with them A.informing B.informed C.to inform D.being informed 16.The manager asked me whether I knew the man with his hair ______ back.A.tied B.tying C.to cut D.cutting 17.Without the job ________, I wouldn't dare to go home.A.finishing B.finished C.to finish D.being finished 18.With the job ________, I didn’t have time to go home.A.finishing B.finished C.to finish D.being finished 19.With somebody ________ the job, I had time to go home earlier.A.finishing B.finished C.to finish D.being finished 20.Without ________ the job , I wouldn't dare to go home.A.finishing B.finished C.to finish D.being finished 21.At any rate, I did not succeed in making myself ___ by you.A.understand B.understood C.understanding D.to understand 22.At any rate, I did not succeed in making you ___ me.A.understand B.understood C.understanding D.to understand 23.He was disappointed to find his suggestion________ down, so he had to keep silent.A.being turned B.turned C.to be turned D.to turn 24.The manager said that no matter what happened, he ________ the work________ within 12 hours.A.would have;finished B.would have;finish C.might have;end D.would have;do 25.—May I know what time by your watch? —I had mine __ on the bus yesterday.A.missing B.steal C.stolen D.to be stolen 26.---Good morning.Can I help you?---I'd like to have this package _____, madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.weigh D.weighed 27.---Good morning.Can I help you?---I'd like to have you_____ this package, madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.weigh D.weighed 28.The master was very angry and had all the servants ___ before him.A.to be brought B.be brought C.brought D.being brought 29.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _____ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 30.The murderer stood there, with some policemen_____ his hands behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 31.My father encouraged me in painting, but he never loved to see any of my works __ in public.A.exhibition B.exhibited C.having exhibited D.being exhibited 32.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ___.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard 33.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make the audience___ him.A.hear B.to hearC.hearing D.heard 34.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.A.amused B.amusing C.to amuse D.to be amused 35.He looked around and saw a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting 36.Those who have questions______,raise your hands.A.ask B.to ask C.asked D.asking 37.Alexander tried to get his work_______in the medical circles.A.to recognize B.recognizing C.recognize D.recognized 38.He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch ______.A.to repair B.repaired C.repairing D.repair 39.He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had somebody______his watch.A.to repair B.repaired C.repairing D.repair 40.In the past few years, we have had thousands of trees ____ around our school.A.plant B.planted C.planting D.being planted 41.In the past few years, we have ____ thousands of trees around our school.A.plant B.plantedC.planting D.being planted 42.John rushed out in a hurry, ____ the door ____.A.leaving;unlocked B.leaving;unlocking C.left;unlocked D.to leave;unlocked 43.John rushed out in a hurry and ____ the door ____.A.leaving;unlocked B.leaving;unlocking C.left;unlocked D.to leave;unlocked 44.Teachers will not make the result of the entrance exams _____ to the public until next Thursday.A.KnowingB.known C.to know D.to be known 45.I found many villagers ______at the back of the classroom.A.seated B.seating C.sit D.to sit down 46..I found many villagers ______at the back of the classroom.A.to seat B.seating C.sitting D.to sit down 47.On his return from his college, he found the house ______.A.deserting B.deserted C.desert D.to be deserted 48.Don’t get your schedule ______;stay with us in this class.A.changed B.worked out C.done D.made 49.--Did Peter fix the computer himself?--He ______, because he doesn't know much about computers.A.has it fixedB.had fixed it C.had it fixed D.fixed it 50.--Did Peter fix the computer himself?--He ______, because he knows much about computers.A.has it fixed B.had fixed it C.had it fixed D.fixed it 51.After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother ______ him.A.calling B.called C.being called D.to call 52.After a knock at the door, the child heard his name ______.A.calling B.called C.being called D.to call 53.Jackson didn't get his bicycle _____soon enough at John's because John had a lot of bicycles ____.to repair;repaired B.to repair;to be repaired C.to be repaired;to repair D.repaired;to repair 54.They should keep us ___ this matter.A.informing about B.be informed C.be informed of D.informed of 55.Commercial banks make most of their income _____ from interest on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.A.earn B.earned C.to earn D.was earned 三.完成句子。

1.When he woke up, he _________________________________________________.(surround)醒来时,他发现自己被一群孩子围着。

2.Where did you __________________________________?(have)你的书在哪里印刷的?

3.________________________, I feel very relaxed now.(with)所有的工作都做完了,我觉得现在很轻松。

4.They _______________________after school every day.(have)他们每天放学后打扫教室。

5.While you were out, you should _____________________________________.(keep)外出时,你应关着门和窗子。

6.We had better work harder __________________________________.(get)我们最好努力工作以便按时做完作业。

7.They knew her very well.They _______________________________ from childhood.(grow)他们对她很了解。他们看着她从小长大的。

8.The next morning she _______________________________________.(lie)第二天早上,她发现那个男人躺在床上,死了。

9._______________________________, the man can't afford a ticket.(steal)钱被偷了,那个人买不起票了。

10.When his wife returned., the husband noticed ______________________.(cut)妻子回来时,丈夫注意到她的头发剪短了。

11.Before he came to London, he had never _____________________________________.(speak)在来到伦敦之前,他从未听人说过一个英语单词。

12.With __________________________, the room seems larger.(paint)墙刷成白色的了,房间看上去大了。

13.To their great fear, they ____________________________________________ in the heaviest snowfall they had ever had.(catch)使他们恐惧的是,他们发现他们遇上了从未遇上的大雪。

14.Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight ________________________________.(take)通过了所有的测试,他感到轻松多了。

15.With the boy ____________________, the soldiers got to the position in time.有那个小男孩领着路,士兵及时地到达了阵地。四.过去分词作宾语补足语翻译练习。

1.我发现我的钱包被偷了。

2.我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。3.我们看见那小偷被警察抓住了。

4.人们发现水被污染了。

5.我们已使我们的观点被他们知道。

6.我看见一个老人被撞倒了。

7.老师不希望这样的问题在课堂上讨论。

8.我们发现那个女孩一个人坐在那里。

9.Tom发现他穿着他哥的衣服。

10.工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。

11.该把你的衣服洗洗了。

12.我希望把房子粉刷成白色。

13.你应该设法让人听懂你的话。

14.太吵了,我的声音不被别人听见。

15.你有空时最好去把身体检查一下。

16.The day ended with nothing settled.17.I had my hand burned in the fire.18.I must have the work finished before Sunday.19.Please keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.20.When he woke up, he found himself tied to a big tree.You'd better have your MP3 repaired.22.They wanted themselves introduced in public.23.Why don’t you get the job done by somebody else ?

24.I want these things changed.25.The police found a car broken by the roadside.参考答案: 经典范例:

Text 1: 1.included 2.connected Text 2: 1.guarded2.taken

一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.carried 2.crossing 3.taken 4.spoken 5.heard 6.changed 7.pulled 8.being sung 9.running 10.called 11.lost 12.reminded 13.checked 14.amused 15.recognized 16.shaved 17.written 18.unsettled 19.informed 20.throw 21.grow 22.enter 23.to work 24.enter 25.to guard 26.understood 27.settled 28.informed 29.fixed 30.go 31.repainted 32.known 33.finished 34.called 35.eaten 36.broken 二.过去分词作宾语补足语选择练习

1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.C 20.A 21.B 22.A 23.B24.A 25.C 26.D 27.C 28.C 29.D 30.B 31.B 32.D 33.A 34.A 35.D 36.B37.D 38.B 39.D 40.B 41.B 42.A 43.C 44.B 45.A 46.C 47.B 48.A 49.C50.B 51.A 52.B53.D 54.D 55.B 三.完成句子。

1.found himself surrounded by a group of children 2.have your book printed 3.With all the work finished 4.have their classroom cleaned 5.keep your doors and windows closed 6.to get our homework finished on time 7.watched her grow up 8.found the man lying on bed dead 9.With his money stolen 10.her hair cut short 11.heard an English word spoken 12.the wall painted white 13.found themselves caught in 14.taken off him 四.过去分词作宾语补足语翻译练习。1.I found my wallet stolen.2.I heard this song sung several times.3.We saw the thief caught by the police.4.People found the water polluted.5.We have made our viewpoint known by them.6.I saw an old man knocked down.7.The teacher didn’t want the problem discussed in class.8.We found the girl seated there alone.9.Tom found him dressed in his elder brother’s clothes.10.With the work finished, they went out to play.11.It’s time to get your clothes washed.12.I want the house painted white.13.I should try to have yourself understood.14.It’s too noisy.I can’t make myself heard.15.You’d better have yourself examined when you are free.16.什么都没解决,这天就结束了。17.我的手在火里烫伤了。

18.我必须在星期日之前完成工作。19.请闭上嘴张开眼。

20.当他醒来时,他发现他被绑在一棵大树上。21.你最好把你的MP3修一下。

22.他们希望有人在公众场合介绍他们。23.你为什么不让其他人完成这份工作? 24.我希望改变这些事情。

25.警方发现路边有一辆车坏掉了。

第四篇:人教新课标必修五unit1重点短语

人教新课标必修五unit1重点短语、句子

Unit 1 Great scientists

I.Phrases

1.put forward 提出

2.draw a conclusion 得出结论

3.be/get under control 在……控制下

be/get out of control失去控制,不能操纵

4.be absorbed in 专心

5.be to blame 应该受责备(用主动形式表示被动)

blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某人

6.in addition 也,另外,此外

7.link...to...将…和…连接或联系起来

8.die of 因…而死亡(内因)

die from 因…而死亡(外因)

9.lead to 导致,通向

10.make sense 有意义,说得通

11.apart from 除…之外,此外

12.contribute to 为…作贡献或捐款,导致,有助于

13.be enthusiastic about 对…热情

14.be curious about 对…好奇

15.cure sb.of illness 治好某人…病

16.point of view 态度,观点,看法

17.(be)strict with sb.对某人要求严格

II.Sentences

1.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London – so famous, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.约翰·斯诺曾经是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确太负盛名了,所以维多利亚女皇生孩子时都是他去照料,帮助她顺利分娩。

2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助患病的普通老百姓,特别是那些得了霍乱的患者时,他就感到很振奋。

3.Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。

4.He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道,在找到病源之前,疫情是无法控制的。

5.He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.霍乱之所以能致人于死,当时有两种看法,斯诺对这两种推测都很感兴趣。

6.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。

7.He believed in the second theory but needed to prove he was correct.他相信第二种说法,但是需要证明他是正确的。

8.It seemed that the water was to blame.看来要归罪于饮用水了。

9.Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.约翰·斯诺马上叫宽街上惊惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手,这样水泵就用不成了。

10.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其它行星的运动才能说得清楚。

11.But only his new theory could do that.看是只有他的新理论才能作出解释。

12.Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built.然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙赖以建立的基础。

第五篇:高中必修五英语课文翻译(人教)

必修5课文翻译

1.约翰·斯洛击败“霍乱王”

约翰·斯洛是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛,因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时,他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病,人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。每次霍乱暴发时,就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。约翰·斯洛想面对这个挑战,解决这个问题。他知道,在找到病源之前,霍乱疫情是无法控制的。

斯洛对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着,像一股危险的气体到处漂浮,直到找到病毒的受害者为止。第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身,患者就会很快地死去。

斯洛推测第二种说法是正确的,但他需要证据。因此,在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候,约翰·斯洛着手准备对此进行调研。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候,约翰·斯洛就开始收集资料。他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行的很严重,在10天之内就死去了500多人。他决心要查明其原因。

首先,他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近(特别是这条街上16、37、38、40号)。他发现有些住宅(如宽街上20号和21号以及剑桥街上的8号和9号)却无人死亡。他以前没预料到这种情况,所有他决定深入调查。他发现,这些人都在剑桥街7号的酒馆里打工,而酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝,因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。

接下来,约翰·斯洛调查了这两条街的水源情况。他发现,水是从河里来的,而河水被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。这样,水泵就用不成了。不久,疫情就开始得到缓解。他证明了,他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气团传播的。

在伦敦的另一个地区,他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的,她特别喜欢那里的水,每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。她和她的女儿喝了这种水,都得了霍乱而死去。有了这个特别的证据,约翰·斯洛就能够肯定地宣布,这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。

为了防止这种情况的再度发生,约翰·斯洛建议所有水源都要经过检测。自来水公司也接到指令,不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。最终,“霍乱王”被击败了。2.哥白尼的革命性理论

尼古拉·哥白尼被吓得心烦意乱的。虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字,然而他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论:地球不是太阳系的中心。只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。他的这个理论可不能告诉任何人,因为即使他只暗示有这种想法,他都会受到强大的基督教会势力的惩罚。教会认为世界是上帝创造的,正因为如此,地球就具有特殊的意义,它必定要成为太阳系的中心。这样,问题就来了,因为天文学家以前发现过,天上有些行星停顿下来,往后移动,然后再成环状向前移动,而其他行星看上去有时亮些,有时又不怎么亮。如果地球是太阳系的中心,而所有行星环绕着地球转的话,那么这种现象就很奇怪了。哥白尼对这些问题曾经苦苦思索过很久,试图找出问题的答案。他曾经收集过观察星球的数据,并且利用他的全部数学知识来解释这些数据。但是只有他的新理论才能作出解释。于是,他在1510至1514年期间从事这项研究,逐步修改他的理论,直到他感到完善时为止。

1514年,他把他的新理论私下里给他的朋友们看。他对旧理论的修改是具有革命性的。他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,而行星则围绕着太阳转,只有月球仍然绕着地球转。他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时,它本身还自转,这样就说明了行星运动的变化情况以及星球亮度问题。他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于世,而他却小心谨慎,他不想遭到基督教会的攻击,所以他直到1543年临终之前才公布了这一观点。

当然,他小心谨慎是对的。基督教会拒绝接受他的理论,说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意,而支持这种理论的人都会受到打击。然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙观赖以建立的基础。他的理论还改变了基督教对地心引力的看法,他们认为物体往地球上掉落是因为上帝创造了地球,而地球正是宇宙的中心。哥白尼表明这是明显错误的。如今人们可以看到,他的这些想法与艾萨克·牛顿、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦以及斯蒂芬·霍金等人的研究都有着直接的联系。UNIT2 3.地理之谜

人们也许觉得奇怪,为什么用来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家的词语不太一样。但如果你学过英国历史,就能弄清楚这个问题。

首先是英格兰。威尔士于13世纪同英格兰联合了起来。如今只要有人提起英格兰,你就会发现威尔士总是包括在内的。接着,英格兰、威尔士同苏格兰于17世纪联合了起来,名字就改成了“大不列颠”。令人庆幸的是,当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时,这三个国家和平地实现了联合。最后,英国政府打算于20世纪初把爱尔兰也同另外三个国家和平联合起来以形成联合王国。然而,爱尔兰的南部却不愿组建联合王国,它分离出去,并建立了自己的政府。因此只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰联合起来,而组成了联合王国,这一点从新的联合王国国旗上就可以看得出来。值得赞扬的是,这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作,例如在货币和国际关系方面;但是有些制度仍然区别很大。例如,北爱尔兰、英格兰和苏格兰在教育体制和立法体制上都存在着差异。在参加像世界杯之类的比赛时,它们有着各自的足球队。在这四个国家中,英格兰是最大的。为了方便起见,它大致可以划分为三个地区。最靠近法国的那个地区叫做英格兰南部,中部地区叫做英格兰中部,最靠近苏格兰的那个地区叫做英格兰北部。你可以看到英国的大部分人口聚居在南部,而多数大工业城市都位于中部和北部。尽管,英国任何一个城市都不像中国的城市那样大,但是他们都有着自己的享有威名的足球队,有的城市甚至还有两个队。很遗憾,这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。要找历史性建筑你得去更古老的、比较小些的由古罗马人建造的城镇。在那儿你才可能找到更多的有关英国历史和文化的东西。

最具历史意义的宝地是伦敦。那儿有博物馆,有艺术珍品、剧院、公园和各种建筑物。它是全国的政治中心。它有公元一世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口,有由盎格鲁——撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑,还有公元1066年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。曾经有四批侵略者到过英国。第一批入侵者是古罗马人,留下了他们的城镇和道路。接着是盎格鲁——撒克逊人,留下了他们的语言和政体。第三是斯堪的纳维亚人,他们对词汇和北部的地名造成了一定影响;第四是诺曼人,他们留下了城堡和食物名称的新词语。如果你到英国乡间去看看,你就会找到所有这些入侵者的痕迹。如果想使你的英国之旅不虚此行又有意义,你就必须留心观察。

4.伦敦观光记

由于担心时间不够,张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔,它是很久以前由入侵的诺曼人在公元1066年修建的。真是太棒了!这个坚实的用石头砌的方形塔已经在那屹立一千年了。尽管在塔的四周扩建了一些建筑,但它仍然是皇宫和监狱联合体的一个组成部分。让张萍玉很惊讶的是,她发现女王的珠宝由皇家特别卫士守护着,而这些卫士在一些特殊的日子仍然穿着400年前伊丽莎白一世女王时代的制服。

接着参观的是圣保罗大教堂,它是公元1666年伦敦大火以后建造的,刚建成的时候,它看起来真是金碧辉煌。威斯敏斯特大教堂也是很有意思的地方,里面珍藏着一些已故诗人和作家的雕像,例如莎士比亚的雕像。正当萍玉走出大教堂的时候,她听到了著名的大本钟整点敲响的钟声。她参观了女王伦敦住所白金汉宫的外景,以此结束了一天的观光。啊,她要同朋友们讲的实在太多了!第二天,萍玉姑娘参观了格林尼治天文台,看到了古老的轮船和那座著名的为时间定时的时钟。她最感兴趣的是那条通过天文台的经线。这是一条假想的线,它把世界分成东西两半球,从而有利于航海。这条线穿过格林尼治,萍玉就跨着这条线拍了一张照片。

最后一天,她参观了伦敦海洛特公墓里的卡尔·马克思的雕像。这似乎是一件怪事:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过,并且在伦敦去世。不仅如此,他还在大英博物馆著名的图书阅览室工作过。遗憾的是,这个图书馆已经从原来的地方搬到另一座大楼里去了,而原来的阅览室也没有了。但是她感到最为震惊的却是博物馆里展出的那么多来自不同文化的奇妙宝物。当萍玉看到那么多参观者用欣赏的目光注视着古老漂亮的中国陶瓷和其他展品时,心里充满了对祖国的自豪感。再过一天,萍玉就要离开伦敦去温莎城堡了。她边睡觉边想:“也许我能见到女王呢?”

Unit3

5.第一印象

太空邮件:liqiang299A@GreatAdventureSpaceSation.com

15/11/3008(地球时间)6.亲爱的爸爸妈妈:

我现在仍然无法相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖励。我得不断提醒自己,我真的已经进入到公元3008年了。因为担心这次旅行,头几天我心里总是不踏实,结果我得了时间滞后症。这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似,所不同的是,在你的脑子里似乎会不断闪现以前的时光。因此,我一开始就感到神经过敏和心神不定。但是我的朋友兼导游王平很细心体贴,给了我几粒绿色药片,倒是挺起作用的。他父母的公司叫做“未来之旅”,以其技术高超而闻名。他们把我装在一个时间舱里,平安地把我送入了未来。

我仍旧记得我们被太空服务员一起叫到时间舱,爬上去进入一个小门。座位是很舒适的,喝了点镇静剂后,我们的眼睛就闭上了,感到昏昏欲睡似的。时间舱在轻轻左右摇晃,我们放松地躺在那里做梦。几分钟以后,旅程结束,我们就到了。我仍然在地球上,但是进入到了未来的一千年。我们会看到什么呢?

一开始新的环境让我很难忍受。空气似乎很稀薄,好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。由于缺乏新鲜空气,我感到头痛。正当我想努力调整适应新环境时,王平出现了。他告诉我,“把这个面罩戴上。它会使你感觉好得多。”他把面罩递给我,敦促我马上走进附近的一个小房间,叫我休息。我立刻就感到舒服些了。没过多久,我就再次站立起来,跟着他去领取了一台由电脑驱动的气垫车。这些气垫车是在地面上方漂浮着的,只要在座位上把操纵杆打弯或压下,你就可以迅速地移动。王平系紧了我的安全带,教我怎样使用它。不久,我就可以飞得跟王平一样快了。可是,当我们到达一个看上去像大市场的地方时,由于太多车子朝四面八方飞奔,我看不见王平了。他被卷入到这群车队里去了。就在这个时候我得到一次“时间滞后”的闪回,这样我就再次看到了似乎是公元2008年的那个地区。我这才懂得我被送到了未来,但却仍然在自己的家乡。就在这个时候,我又见到了王平,于是又跟在他后面飞去。到了一幢看上去很奇怪的房子里,他把我带到一个明亮而洁净的大房间。墙是绿色的,地板是棕色的,灯光很柔和。突然墙壁移动了——原来是树形成的!后来我才发现,就是这些树的叶子为这栋房屋提供了最急需的氧气。然后王平在电脑屏幕上的开关上闪了一下,于是一张桌子和几把椅子就像变魔术那样从地板下面升了起来。“怎么不坐下来吃些东西呢?”他说道,“你第一次作这样的时间旅行,可能会感到有些困难。你可以好好休息一下。今天没有任何出行计划。明天你还要准备参观几个地方。”说完这些,他把食物摆在桌子上,又从地板下取出一张床来。他离开后,我简单吃了饭,洗了个热水澡。实在累坏了,我溜上床很快就睡着了。以后再谈吧!你的儿子 李强

7.我看到了奇妙的东西

我首先参观的是一个太空站,这个站被认为是太空中最现代化的地方。太空站像一个巨大的圆盘,在太空中缓缓的旋转,以仿照出地球重心的引力。太空站里展出了31世纪一些最前沿的发明。有个导游带领我们站在一条移动的运送带上,到各处参观。

导游:从2008年来访的朋友们,早上好!首先,我们要查看一种我们太空居民使用的最新的通讯方式。再也不需要打字员在打字机或电脑上工作了!再也不需要邮费和邮政编码了!现在用一种“思想仪”就可以传递信息。你把金属带放在头上,整理思路,按下发送键,集中精神想着你要发送的信息,片刻功夫信息就发送出去了。这个信息会储存在接受者的“思想仪”里。它快捷有效,而且环保。唯一的缺点是,如果使用者不能想清楚要传递的信息,发送出去的信息可能是模糊不清的。但我们不能因为使用者的使用不当而责备仪器,是不是? 在导游解说的时候,我观看着桌上这副被称为“思想仪”的小东西。它们看上去像金属带子。那么普通,但却那么神通广大!正当我还在观察时,运送带向前移动了。

导游:女士们先生们,现在我们到了“环保地带”。以前人们习惯用垃圾箱收集废弃物,然后这些垃圾被送走埋掉或烧掉,我说的对吧?(我们都点头。)可现在我们有一种装置,能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。一架巨大的机器,能把所有能获得的废弃物都吞进去,而且总是贪得无厌。然后垃圾被分解成了几种有用的物质,如庄稼地的“肥料”和沙漠中的“土壤”。什么都不浪费,所有的东西,哪怕是塑料袋也被回收利用了。伟大的创意,对不对?

我注视着缓缓移动的垃圾分解机器模型,为它的成效所吸引。但是,我们又开始向前移动了。

导游:第三站要展示给我们的是工作实践方面的一些变化。批量生产不再在地球上进行,而是转移到了像这样的太空站里。在太空里,一组工程师给机器人设计了程序让它们完成工作。机器人生产像药品、衣服、家具和气垫车等东西。没有废弃物、没有污染,也没有环境破坏。但是,这些公司必须培训他们的代表能在太空中生活和工作。他们必须在此监控机器人和生产过程。一旦货物齐备,就用工用太空船运送到地球。我的思绪开始漫游。我能从事什么工作呢?当我想到这个奇妙的未来世界时,我兴趣倍增、干劲十足

Unit4 8.我的第一项工作任务 “难以忘怀,”新闻记者说 周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸的第一项工作任务。他同新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生强烈的影响。

胡:欢迎你,非常高兴你来参加我们的工作,你来这里首先就是当助理记者。有什么问题吗? 周:我可以马上去采访吗?

胡:(笑)真是勇气可嘉!不过恐怕这不太合乎常规,还是等到你比较有经验以后吧。我们先要派你给有经验的记者作助理。以后,你才能独自去进行新闻采访并提交自己的新闻稿。周:太好了!我需要随身带些什么?我已经带了笔记本和照相机。

胡:不需要照相机!你们将带上一名专业摄影师去拍照。你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣,以后你可以集中精力去钻研。

周:谢谢你。对摄影我不仅只是感兴趣,在大学里我还专修过业余摄影课来更新我的技术。胡:那很好啊。

周:我出去采访时还需要记住些什么事呢?

胡:你需要有好奇心。你只有提出了许多不同的问题之后才有可能获得你需要知道的信息。我们说,一个好的记者必须有一个对新闻非常敏感的“嗅觉“。那就是说,在人们没有说出全部真相时,你必须能够判断出,并努力发现真理。记者必须通过调查研究,来使自己了解到被遗漏的那部分情况。周:我应该注意些什么呢?

胡:下面是我的行为准则:不要延误任务规定的期限,不可对人粗鲁,不可自己说得太多,务必认真倾听被采访人回答问题。

周:为什么听人家讲话这样重要呢?

胡:你得听清楚事实的细节。同时,你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一个问题。

周:在我记笔记的同时,怎么能仔细倾听对方的答话呢? 胡:这就是我们职业的诀窍了。如果被采访人允许,你可以使用录音机,录下全部事实。如果有人提出质疑,这也有用,你就有证据来支持自己的报道了。

周:我明白了!你有没有过这样的情况:别人控告你的记者,说他的报道失实?

胡:有的。不过这是很久以前的事了。事情是这样的:一位足球运动员被指挥受贿,故意不进球,好让对方球队赢球。我们去采访了他。他否认收了钱,但我们对此表示怀疑。于是,我们安排这名球员和被认为行贿的人一起接受采访,而当我们看到他们在一起时,我们就从足球运动员的体态语上猜到他没有说真话。我们写了一篇文章,暗示足球队员有罪。这事有些为难,因为如果我们错了,他就可以向我们索要赔偿。他竭力阻止我们发表这篇文章,但后来证实我们是正确的。周:哇!那才是真正的独家新闻哩!我期盼着即将到来的首次任务。说不定我也会搞到独家新闻呢!胡:也许你会的,谁知道呢。9.抢发独家新闻

周阳刚刚采访了一位著名影星回到办公室,编辑就说:“快点把那篇报道准备好,我们这一版就要用,这样我们就抢在其他报纸的前面了,这就是抢先的独家新闻。“国际新闻编辑部有人提出问题:“他真的干了那种事吗?”周阳回答说:“是的,恐怕是这样的。”接着他便着手准备报道了。

他的第一件事就是写报道稿,他必须认认真真地写。尽管他认为那个人一直在说谎话,但周阳懂得,他决不能直接指责那个人。他必须做到准确无误,还要简明扼要。他知道该如何做。经过几个月的培训,他已经学会了写文章,全然没有废话。他在电脑前坐下就开始工作了。

第一个看到这篇文章的人的他们部里的一位编审。他核查了文中的证据,阅读了整篇报道,然后递给技术编辑。她就开始了编辑工作,设计了主标题和副标题。她说:“在版面上这会很好看。这个人的照片该放在哪儿好呢?”因为这篇文章要用英文来写,所有周阳拿了一份稿子给一位母语为英语的外国雇员,请她对语言风格进行润饰。这位雇员对周阳的报道也很满意。她评价说:“你确实能写很好的头版新闻了。”周阳高兴地笑了。最后主编审读了这篇稿子,并且批准发表了。他对周阳说:“文章写得很好,不过你还得拿出证据来表明事实确凿。”周阳激动地说:“我马上拿来。”

新闻文字编辑取走这篇报道,开始对所有的报道和图片进行编排,直至把各版面全部编定。此后,所有的报道材料就要被制成胶片。这是印制过程的第一道工序。由于这篇报道要用好几种颜色,因此需要四张胶片。每一种主色要用一张底片,四张底片结合起来就制成一张报纸的彩页。经过最后一次校对后,这个版面就可以准备印制了。周阳兴奋地等待着第一批报纸的印出。“要等到今天晚上。”他的朋友轻声地告诉他说。“我期望电视新闻会对这件事作一点报道。真是独家新闻了!”

Unit5 10.烧伤的急救

皮肤是身体必不可少的部分,也是身体的最大器官。皮肤有三层,它们是防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线侵害的一道屏障。皮肤的功能十分复杂。皮肤可以保暖或御寒,保持体内水分。正是皮肤使你感到冷热、疼痛,它还使你有触觉。因此,你可以想象到,如果你的皮肤烧伤了,就可能非常严重。在治疗烧伤的过程中,紧急处理是非常重要的第一步。烧伤的原因: 你可能由于各种原因而烧伤:灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或大火)、阳光、电和化学物品。烧伤的种类:

烧伤有三类。根据皮肤烧伤的层次分为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。

一度烧伤:只损伤皮层的最上层。这些烧伤并不严重,应当在一两天内就有好转。例如轻度的晒伤,由于短暂接触热锅、火炉或熨斗而导致的烫伤。

二度烧伤:既损伤了皮肤的最上层,又损伤了皮质的第二层。这些烧伤属于严重的烧伤,需几星期才能痊愈。例如严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。

三度烧伤:所有三层皮质以及皮下的组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤,因衣服起火引起的烧伤,或因汽油起火引起的烧伤。这些烧伤都属于非常严重的烧伤,受伤者必须立即送往医院。烧伤的特性:

一度烧伤: · 干燥、发红、微肿

· 微痛

· 受压时变白 二度烧伤: · 粗糙、发红、肿胀

· 起水泡

· 表层渗液

· 极其疼痛

三度烧伤: · 黑、白和焦炭色相间

· 肿胀,可看到皮下组织

· 若损害了神经,则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛,或者在创面四周有疼感 急救处理:

1、除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上,否则都要把它脱掉(必要时可用剪刀帮助)。靠近创面的其他衣物和首饰也都要取掉。

2、马上用凉水给伤口冲凉,但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的自来水下冲洗大约10分钟。(凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程,可以防止无法忍受的疼痛,还可以减轻肿胀程度)。三度烧伤不可用冷水冲。

3、对于一度烧伤的患者,要把清凉干净的湿布放在烧伤面上,直到疼痛感较轻时为止。对于二度烧伤,要保持湿布清凉,需把湿布放回冷水盆中,拧出水后再放在烧伤面上,这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右,直到不太痛时为止。

4、轻轻地把烧伤面弄干,但不要擦拭,因为这样做可能会擦破水泡,伤口会感染。

5、用干而清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面,用胶布把绷带固定。千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或软膏,因为这会使里面的热散不出去,而且还可能导致感染。

6、如果烧伤的部位在臂部和腿部,尽可能把手臂或腿脚抬高到高于心脏的位置。如果是面部烧伤,伤者则应该坐起来。

7、如果属于二度或三度烧伤,就必须立即把患者送往医院或送去看医生。英雄青年获奖记

17岁的青年约翰·詹森昨晚在弗镇的救生员颁奖大会上领奖,因为他在一次骇人听闻的持刀袭击案件发生后,为邻居实施了紧急救援。

在颁奖大会上,约翰被授予奖赏。大会共表彰了抢救他人生命的十个人的勇敢行为。

(那天)约翰正在房里学习,突然听到一声尖叫,他和父亲赶紧冲出去,发现一名男子从现场逃跑,而三个孩子的母亲安·斯莱德被人连捅了数刀。她躺在前花园的地上,流血不止。她的双手几乎被砍断了。

正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。他立即向附近的一些人要绷带,当他们都找不到绷带的时候,他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。约翰就用这些东西把斯莱德手上最严重的伤口包扎起来。他使劲地按住伤口,使血流得慢些,一直等到警察和救护车的到来。约翰说:“我为自己所做的事感到自豪,不过,我所做的都是以前别人教会我做的事。”

约翰在读高中时就参加了青年救生员组织。该组织的主任艾伦·萨瑟顿先生在向约翰表示祝贺时说:“毫无疑问,是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术,挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要作用。” 约翰和其他九位救生员在昨晚领奖时,还出席了由首相主持的特殊的招待会。

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