第一篇：2018年七年级英语Unit9Myfavoritesubjectisscience第三节语法填空练习人教新目标版
第三节 语法填空
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．She____________(say)English is interesting.2．When____________(be)your classes? 3．I____________(have)history next Tuesday.4．When do your____________(class)finish? 5．Mr.Wang is our____________(China)teacher.二、用适当的介词、冠词或连词填空。1．____________10：00，I have music.2．I am busy____________Thursday.3．We go to school from Monday____________Friday.4．Math is difficult____________interesting.5．We have____________art lesson after Chinese.6．She has a P．E.lesson____________an hour.三、阅读下面材料，写出括号内单词的正确形式或填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)，将答案写在短文后的答题处。
Dear Jenny，I am very busy 1 Friday.At 8：00 I have math.It is not fun.The teacher 2(say)it is useful，but I think it is difficult.Then 3 9：00 I have science.It is difficult 4 interesting.At 10：00 I have history.5 that，I have P．E.at 11：00.It is easy and fun.Lunch is 6 12：00 to 1：00，and after that we have 7(China)．It is my favorite subject.8(we)Chinese teacher，Mrs.Wang，is great fun.My 9(class)finish at 1：50，but after that I have 10 art lesson for two hours.It is really relaxing!How about you？When are your classes？What is your favorite subject?
Your friend，Yu Mei
1．__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ 6．__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________
参考答案
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．says 解析：根据主语she是第三人称单数可知动词应该用says。2．are 解析：根据后面的classes是复数可知be动词应该用are。3．have 解析：根据主语I，动词用have。
4．classes 解析：根据do可知主语用复数形式，class的复数应该为classes。5．Chinese 解析：根据后面的teacher可知应该用形容词Chinese。
二、用适当的介词、冠词或连词填空。1．At 2.on 3.to 4.but 5.an 6.for
三、阅读下面材料，写出括号内单词的正确形式或填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)，将答案写在短文后的答题处。
1．on 2.says 3.at 4.but 5.After 6.from 7．Chinese 8.Our 9.classes 10.an 2
第二篇：2018年七年级英语StarterUnits1_3第三节语法填空练习人教新目标版
第三节 语法填空
阅读下面材料，写出括号内单词的正确形式或填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)，将答案写在短文后的答题处。
Bob：Good morning，Helen!Helen：Good morning，Bob!Bob：How 1(be)you? Helen：I 2(be)fine.And you? Bob：I'm OK.Helen：What's this 3 English? Bob：It's 4 orange.It's 5 big(大的)orange.Helen： 6(spell)it，please.Bob：ORANGE.Helen：What 7(color)is it? Bob：It's 8(orange)．
Helen：And 9(what)is that? Bob：It's a pen.Helen： 10(thank)!1．__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ 6．__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.________ 10.__________
参考答案
1．are 解析：考查be动词的用法。根据后面的主语you可知be动词应该用are。2．am 解析：考查be动词的用法。根据前面的主语I 可知be动词应该用am。
3．in 解析：考查介词。表示“用、以”，应该用介词in。in English“用英语”。
4．an 解析：考查冠词的用法。根据后面的名词orange的发音是以元音音素开头，可知应该用冠词an。5．a 解析：考查冠词的用法。根据后面名词orange前面有big修饰，且big以辅音开头，可知应该用冠词a。
6．Spell 解析：考查动词。spell是动词，并且在句首，第一个字母应该大写。
7．color 解析：考查名词。What color is it？“它是什么颜色的？”是固定句型。所以不用变。8．orange 解析：考查形容词。句意：它是橘色的。orange“橘色的”是形容词，根据句意不要变。9．what 解析：考查疑问代词。What is that？“那是什么？”是固定句型。所以不用变。
10．Thanks 解析：考查名词复数形式。thank“谢谢”，作名词时，常用作复数，且句子首字母应大写。
第三篇：2018年九年级英语Unit9IlikemusicthatIcandanceto第三节语法填空练习人教新目标版
第三节 语法填空
阅读下面短文，写出括号内单词的正确形式或填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)，将答案写在短文后的答题处。
A
One day，Tina sat on the chair and 1(watch)her mother do the dishes in the kitchen.Tina noticed that her mother had some white 2(hair)on her head.She looked 3 her mother and asked，“Why do you have some white hairs，Mum？”
Her mother answered，“Well，every time you do something wrong and make me 4(sadly)，one hair turns white.If you don't make me sad any more，I 5(have)black hair.”
The little girl thought for a while 6 then said，“Mum，I am going to listen to your words 7(careful)from today on and I would like 8(be)a good kid.Then you will not have so many white hairs，will you？” Her mother smiled and nodded.Tina's grandma 9(watch)TV in the living room.Tina glanced(看一眼)at her grandma and asked，“Mum，why is grandma's hair all white？Her children aren't good ones，are 10 ？” 1．__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ 6．__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________
B
There are lots of jobs which we can do.Some are just ordinary(普通的)jobs and 1(other)are careers(职业)，but each person likes something different.My favorite job is that of an 2(art)．You can paint beautiful 3 and you don't have to travel to get to work.Also，you don't have to do what other people tell you.You can decide what you are going to paint 4 then just do it.The only bad thing is that artists don't make 5 money.The 6(bad)job I can think of is a pilot's.You have to work for long hours and it's really 7(tired)and boring.If you make a serious mistake，things 8(go)wrong.It's so dangerous.The only good thing is that pilots 9(pay)a lot of money，but money isn't the most important thing about a job.In a word，every job 10(have)both good and bad things，but I think that artists have got the best job.1．__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ 6．__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________
参考答案
A
1．watched 解析：该空与前面的sat是并列谓语，所以时态应该一致，故用一般过去时watched。2．hairs 解析：这里指一些白头发，不是指整个一头头发，所以要用复数形式hairs。3．at 解析：look at意为“看……”，是固定搭配，故填at。
4．sad 解析：“make sb.＋形容词”是固定结构，形容词作宾语补足语，故填sad。
5．will have 解析：这是if条件状语从句，从句是现在时态表将来，主句应用将来时态，故填will have。
6．and 解析：thought和said两个动作是先后承接关系，因此应用连词and连接。
7．carefully 解析：该空作状语，修饰前面的动词短语“listen to”，因此应用副词形式carefully。
8．to be 解析：would like to be/do...意为“愿意成为/做……”，是固定搭配。
9．was watching 解析：根据后一句“Tina glanced at her grandma”和该句的句意可知，这里表示动作正在进行，而且是发生在过去，故用过去进行时。所以填was watching。10．they 解析：该句是反意疑问句，反问部分的人称代词要与前面的主语一致，该句主语是her children，故应用第三人称的复数代词they。
B
1．others 解析：some...others是固定结构，意为“一些……另一些……”。
2．artist 解析：空格前由不定冠词an修饰，且根据下文“You can paint beautiful...”可知，此处用artist最合适。
3．pictures 解析：上文提到最喜欢的工作是艺术家，因此此处指的是画画，故填pictures。4．and 解析：空前后为并列关系，故应填连词and。
5．much 解析：由“The only bad thing”可知，此处指的是缺点，由此可推断，艺术家挣钱不多，money是不可数名词，故用much修饰。
6．worst 解析：上文提到最喜欢的工作，因此此处指的是最差的工作，故应用形容词的最高级worst。7．tiring 解析：空格处和“boring”并列作表语，且用来说明事情，故填tiring。
8．will go 解析：if引导的条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。9．are paid 解析：“pay”和“pilots”之间为动宾关系，故此处应用被动语态are paid。10．has 解析：every修饰名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填has。
第四篇：2018年九年级英语Unit12Lifeisfulloftheunexpected第三节语法填空练习人教新目标版
第三节 语法填空
阅读下面短文，写出括号内单词的正确形式或填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)，将答案写在短文后的答题处。
A
When I was young，I used to get into trouble with my classmates.My head teacher often said it was important 1(get)along well with others.However，I always thought I could do everything well by 2(my)．
At that time，I was not 3(interest)in my study at all.I really didn't want to go to school any longer.So I often slept in my classes.At last，nearly every teacher did not 4 attention to me.They gave me up.One day，my head teacher asked me to go to her office.To my surprise，she told me my classmates 5(choose)me to be the new monitor.I felt very happy 6 I had never been a monitor.I really wanted to be a good monitor.First，I made a 7(decide)to study hard.Even though I tried to work hard at every subject，I could not catch up 8 others.My classmates 9(help)me.I was moved.In the end，I got better at my study.And I took pride in 10(have)such good classmates.1．_________ 2._________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5._________ 6．_________ 7._________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10._________
B
Last week the manager of a jewelry shop received a letter from a 1(strange)．As he was very busy 2 his work then，the letter lay on his desk till teatime.He 3(open)it and 10 pounds dropped onto his desk.With the money was a letter which said： Dear Sir，I'm Peter.In 1935 I got engaged(订婚)．But 4(unlucky)，I lost my job.Although I got 5 job again six months later，I was very short of money.I came to your shop 6(buy)a ring.The shop assistant showed some rings to me，but she 7(call)away for a moment，and I put one of the rings in my pocket.When she came 8，I said I didn't know the size of my girlfriend's finger.So I left the shop without 9(pay)for the ring.My wife died a short while ago and the fact that I never paid for the ring has been 10(heavily)in my heart all these years.At that time the ring cost two pounds，so I think that is ten pounds at today's price and I'm sending 10 pounds.Yours truly，A customer 1．_________ 2._________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ 6．_________ 7._________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________
参考答案
A
1．to get 解析：It is＋adj.＋to do sth.是固定句式，意为“做某事是……的”。故此处填to get。2．myself 解析：by oneself是固定短语，意为“单独，独自”。故此处填myself。
3．interested 解析：be interested in是固定短语，意为“对……感兴趣”。故此处填interested。4．pay 解析：pay attention to是固定短语，意为“注意，留意”。故此处填pay。
5．had chosen 解析：该动作发生在“told”这一动作之前，故应用过去完成时即had chosen。6．because 解析：前后两个分句为因果关系，前为果，后为因，故应用连词because。
7．decision 解析：空格处在句中作made的宾语，且前面有冠词修饰，故应用其名词形式即decision。8．with 解析：catch up with是固定短语，意为“赶上”。故此处填with。9．helped 解析：根据上下文语境可知，此处用一般过去时即helped。10．having 解析：空格处在句中作介词in的宾语，故应填having。
B
1．stranger 解析：空前是冠词a，因此该空用名词单数形式，即stranger。
2．with 解析：be busy with sth.是固定搭配，意为“忙于……”。故此处填with。
3．opened 解析：该句是and连接的并列句，后一个分句是一般过去时，因此前面也用一般过去时，即opened。
4．unluckily 解析：分析句子结构可知，该空是状语，故用副词形式即unluckily。
5．a 解析：根据句意可知，这里表示数量“一”，而且job的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。6．to buy 解析：此处用不定式作目的状语即to buy。
7．was called 解析：分析句子可知，call与主语she是动宾关系，而且动作发生在过去，因此要用一般过去时的被动语态即was called。
8．back 解析：上一句的“but she 7(call)away for a moment”说明她离开了，因此这里应该表示“她回来的时候”。故填back。
9．paying 解析：without是介词，后面应用动名词，即ing形式即paying。
10．heavy 解析：空前是系动词be的完成形式，因此该空应用形容词作表语即heavy。
第五篇：七年级英语下册 有关语法的巧计口诀 人教新目标版
英语有关语法的巧计口诀 人教版下册
一、冠词基本用法
【速记口诀】
名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，可数名词单，须用a或an，辅音前用a，an在元音前，若为特指时，则须用定冠，复数不可数，泛指the不见，碰到代词时，冠词均不现。
【妙语诠释】 冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用；②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the；③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。
二、名词单数变复数规则
【速记口诀】
单数变复数，规则要记住，一般加s，特殊有几处：
/s/结尾，es不离后，末尾字母o，大多加s，两人有两菜，es不离口，词尾f、fe，s前有v和e；
没有规则词，必须单独记。
【妙语诠释】 ①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，但如果单词以/t?蘩/、蘩/、/s/发音结尾（也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾），则一般加es；②以o结尾的单词除了两人（negro，hero）两菜（tomato，potato）加es外，其余一般加s；③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s；④英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child-children，mouse-mice，deer-deer，sheep-sheep，Chinese-Chinese，ox-oxen，man-men，woman-women，foot-feet，tooth-teeth。
三、名词所有格用法
【速记口诀】
名词所有格，表物是“谁的”，若为生命词，加“'s”即可行，词尾有s，仅把逗号择；
并列名词后，各自和共有，前者分别加，后者最后加；
若为无生命词，of所有格，前后须倒置，此是硬规则。
【妙语诠释】 ①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“'”；②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“'s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“'s”；③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同，A of B要翻译为B的A。
五、接动名词作宾语的动词
【速记口诀】
Mrs.P Black missed a beef bag.（Ｐ•布莱克夫人丢了一个牛肉袋。）
【妙语诠释】 该句话中每个字母代表了一个动词或短语，这些动词要求后面跟动名词作宾语。这些动词分别是：
M=mind，r=risk，s=succeed in，P=practice，B=be busy，l=look forward to，a=admit，c=can't help，k=keep on，m=miss，i=insist on，s=suggest，s=stop，e=enjoy，d=delay，a=avoid，b=be worth，a=advise，g=give up。
六、不定式作宾语补足语时省to的动词
【速记口诀】
一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助
【妙语诠释】 一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；三让：make，let，have；四看：see，notice，watch，ob-serve；半帮助：help。
九、感叹句用法
【速记口诀】
感叹句，并不难，what、how放句前；
强调名词用what，其余用how很简单。
【妙语诠释】 由what引导的感叹句一般修饰名词，而how引导的感叹句一般修饰形容词、副词或句子。
十、宾语从句用法
【速记口诀】
宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。
一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。
陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否（if，whether）替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。
二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。
三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。
【妙语诠释】 宾语从句应注意三点：①引导词，陈述句一般由that引导，这时的that可以省略；一般疑问句则由if或whe-ther引导；而特殊疑问句则由特殊疑问词引导。②时态，主句是现在时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态；但如果主句是过去时态，从句时态所表示时间一般往前移一个时间段。③语序，宾语从句永远要用陈述句顺序。初中英语语法 介词用法口诀大全1 早、午、晚要用 in，at 黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、帽 in。将来时态 in...以后，小处 at 大处 in。有形 with 无形 by，语言、单位、材料 in。特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用 in。
介词 at 和 to 表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日 on，关于、基础、靠、著论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。特定时日和“一……就”，on 后常接动名词。年、月、日加早、午、晚，of 之前 on 代 in。
步行、驴、马、玩笑 on，cab，carriage 则用 in。at 山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。工具、和、同随 with，具有、独立、就、原因。就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被 by，单数、人类 know to man。this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。over、under 正上下，above、below 则不然，若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。
beyond 超出、无、不能，against 靠着，对与反。besides，except 分内外，among 之内 along 沿。同类比较 except，加 for 异类记心间。
原状 because of, owing to，due to 表语形容词。Under 后接修、建中，of，from 物、化分。Before，after 表一点, ago，later 表一段。before 能接完成时，ago 过去极有限。
since 以来 during 间，since 时态多变换。与之相比 beside，除了 last but one。
复不定 for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。快到、对、向 towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。but for 否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。ing 型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在……方面，有关介词须记全。in 内 to 外表位置，山、水、国界 to 在前。
如大体掌握如上介词用法口诀，就不易出错。当然，至于介词的详尽用法，同形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。早、午、晚要用 in 例：in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 in the day 在白天
at 黎明、午、夜、点与分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
at noon 在中午at night 在夜间at midnight 在午夜 以上短语都不用冠词
at six o'clock 在6点钟
at 7：30(seven thirty)在7点半 at half past eleven 在11点半 at nine fifteen 在9点15 分
at ten thirty a.m.在上午10点30分也可以写成 seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)five minutes after two 2点过5分 at a quarter to two 1点45分 at the weekend 在周末
年、月、年月、季节、周
即在“某年”，在“某月”，在“某年某月”(但在某年某月某日则用 on)，在四季，在第几周等都要用 in。
例；in 1986 在1986 年 in 1927 在1927 年 in April 在四月 in March 在三月
in December, 1986 1986年12月 in July, l983 1983年7月
in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季 in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季
in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周 in the third week 在第三周 阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in，即在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用 in。例：Don't read in dim light.切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。
They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light.他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。They are sitting in the shade of a tree.他们坐在树阴下乘凉。a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯
He went in the rain to meet me at the station.他冒雨到车站去接我。
The poor dressed(clothed)in rags in old society.旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛． 以及：in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下 a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人
the woman in white(black, red, yellow)穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女 in uniform 穿着制服 in mourning 穿着丧服
in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋 in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫
将来时态 in … 以后
例: They will come back in 10 days.他们将10天以后回来。I'll come round in a day or two.我一两天就回来。We'll be back in no time.我们一会儿就回来。
Come and see me in two days' time.两天后来看我。(从现在开始)
After …(从过去开始)小处 at 大处 in 例：Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well.Don't worry.李和我平安地到达黑山县，一切很好，勿念。
I live in a great city(big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village.我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小城镇，而我的父母则住在农村。I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan.我住在辽宁省鞍山市． 有形 with 无形 by，语言、单位、材料 in 4
例：The workers are paving a road with stone.工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen.这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)“Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy”is a good opera.<<智取威虎山>>是-出好戏。(无形)The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil.这种产品是用蒸馏分离出汽油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法--无形)I really can't express my idea in English freely in
I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed． 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。(表示某种语言用 in)I wrote a novel in Russian.我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)The kilometre 公里“>kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system． 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。(表示度、量、衡单位的用 in)The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre.长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)This board was cast in bronze not in gold.这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用 in 特征或状态：
例: The Democratic Party was then in power.那时民主党执政。They found the patient in a coma.他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。
He has not been in good health for some years.他几年来身体一直不好。
Many who came in despair went away in hope.许多人带着绝望情绪而来，却满怀希望而去。
The house was in ruins.这房屋成了废墟。
The poor girl was in tears.这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。Her clothes were in rags.她的衣服穿破了。His shoes were in holes.他的鞋穿出窟窿了。I only said it in fun.我说这话只是开玩笑的。
She spoke in grief rather than in anger.与其说她讲得很气愤，不如说她讲得很伤心。还有一些短语也用 in，如： in jest 诙谐地，in joke 开玩笑地，in spite 恶意地，in fairness 公正地，in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大，in sorrow 伤心地等。
His mind was in great confusion.他脑子里很乱。
Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb.今天大家都兴高采烈，没有一个情绪低落的。
She and her classmates are in flower ages.她和她的同学都正值妙龄。The campaign was in full swing.运动正值高潮中。方面：
例：We accepted the item in principle.我们在原则上接受了这个条款。
They are never backward in giving their views.他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain.这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。
A good teacher must be an example in study.一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。
方式：
例：All the speeches were taken down in shorthand.所有报告都用速记记录下来了。The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism.党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。如下成语惯用 in 例：in all 总计 in advance 事前
in the meantime 与此同时 in place 适当地
in hopes of(或 in the hope of)怀着……希望 in connection with 和……有关 in contact with 和……联系 in addition to 除……以外 in case of 倘若，万一
in conflict with 和……冲突 in force 有效的，大批 in depth 彻底地 in regard to 关于
in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近in retrospect 回顾，一想起 in behalf of 代表……利益 in the least 一点，丝毫 in alarm 惊慌、担心
in the opinion of 据……见解 in the long run 从长远说来 in one's opinion 在……看来 in word 口头上 in a word 总之
in vain 无益地, 白白地 in case 如果，万一，以防 in detail 详细地 in haste 急急忙忙地 in conclusion 总之 in spite of 尽管
in other words … 换句话说 in return 作为回报
in the name of 以……名义 be confident in 对……有信心 be interested in 对……感兴趣 in doubt 怀疑 in love 恋爱中 in debt 负债
in fun(jest、joke)玩笑地 in hesitation 犹豫不决
in wonder 在惊奇中
in public(secret)公开他(秘密地)in a good humour 心情(情绪)好
”介词 at、to 表方向，攻击、位置、善、恶、分“。
介词 at 和 to 都可以表示方向;用 at 表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意；用to 表示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句：
1.A．She came at me.她向我扑过来。
B．She came to me.她向我走过来。
2．A．Jake ran at John.杰克向约翰扑过去。
B．Jake ran to John.杰克朝约翰跑去。
3．A.He rushed at the woman with a sword.他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。
B.He rushed to the woman with a sword.他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。
4．A．He shouted at the old man.他大声喝斥那老人。
B.He shouted to the old man.他大声向那老人说。
5．A．I heard her muttering at Xiao Li.我听见她在抱怨小李。
B．I heard her muttering to Xiao Li.我听见她在同小李低声说话。
6．A.She talked at you just now.她刚才还说你坏话呢。
B．She talked to you just now.她刚才还同你谈话呢.7．A．She threw a bone at the dog.她用一块骨头砸狗。
B．She threw a bone to the dog.她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。
8．A．He presented a pistol at me.他用手枪对着我。
B．He presented a pistol to me.他赠送我一支手枪。
日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚;以下皆用 on。
例: on October the first 1949 1949年10月1日
on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日
on May the first 5月1日
on the first 1号
on the sixteenth 16号
on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日
on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚
on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)
on New Year's Day 在元旦
on my birthday 在我的生日
但 in the Christmas holidays 在圣诞节假期;in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪;in ancient times 在古代;in earlier times 在早期;in modern times 在现代，则用 in，at the present time 现在，at the present day 当今 则用 at。
on May Day 在”五?一“节
on winter day 在冬天
on December 12th 1950 l950年12月12日
on Sunday 在星期天
on Monday 在星期一
on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨
on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午
on Friday evening 星期五晚上
但 last night 昨夜；in the evening 在晚上;on time 准时，in time 及时，等则不同。
年月日，加早午晚，of 之前 on 代 in
例：on the morning of 18th 18日早晨
on the evening of 4th 4日晚上
On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a farewell speech.他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会，他们的团长发表了告别讲话。
收音、农场，值日 on
例：Did your supervisor like the story over(or on)the radio last night?
您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗?
I heard the news over(or on)the radio.我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。
talk over the radio 由无线电播音
on TV 从电视里……
hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到
My brother works on an Army reclamation farm.我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作。
The students are working on a school farm.学生们正在校办农场劳动。
This is a farmer's house on a farm.这是农场的农舍。
Who is on duty, today? 今天谁值日?
We go on duty at 8 a.m.我们上午8点钟上班 例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation.今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。
Professor Shen will give us a talk on traveling in America.申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。
You are wrong on all these issues.在这些问题上你的看法都错了。
The belief is based on practical experience.这种信念是以实际经验为基础的。Theory must be based on practice.理论必须以实践为基础。The people in the south live on rice.南方人主食大米。(靠)The citizens live on their salaries.城市人靠薪金生活。
You can't afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month． 靠月薪100 元的收入，你是买不起奢侈品的。
Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food． 她用精饲料喂养她心爱的狗。
He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people.他正是一个小偷，专靠损害别人过日子。
Keep the kettle on the boil(=boiling).让水壶的水一直开着。The enemy are on the run(=running).敌人在逃跑。
On 后接 the 加上一个作名词的动词．其意义与现在分词所表达的相近。类似例子很多如： on the march 在行军中，on the mend 在好转中，on the prowl 徘徊，on the move 活动中，on the scrounge 巧取豪夺(俚语)，on the go 活跃，忙碌，on the lookout 注意, 警戒，on the watch 监视着。on the hop 趁不备抓住某人等等。
on the People's Democratic Dictatorship <<实践论>>和<<矛盾论>> on the People's Democratic Dictatorship <<论人民民主专政>> 8
”on Coalition Government“<<论联合政府>> 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付，相反、准
注：口诀中的”着“是指着火，”罢“指罢工，”偷“指偷偷地，”公“指出差、办公事；”假“指休假，”准“指准时。
例：The house next to mine was on fire.我邻居的房子着火了。
The workers of the railway station were on strike.铁路工人罢工了。Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale.新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。
Do something on the sly(quiet).秘密地(暗地里，偷偷地)做某事。I've come here on business.我是有公事来的。
They went to Bern on a mission.他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命。They have been away on a long trip.他们出去做一次长途旅行。I'll go home on leave next month.下月我将休假回家。
I went on business to Shanghai.I did not take leave.我是公出去上海的，不是不告而别。
She came to see you on purpose.她是专程来看你的。
He came here on purpose to discuss it with you.他到这来是要与你讨论这件事的。”This lunch is on me.“"这顿午饭我付钱。” “No.let's go Dutch.”“不，还是各付各的。” On the contrary, it was very easy to understand.相反，这事儿很容易理解。P1ease come on time.(on schedule).请准时来。注：in time 是“及时”的意思。
The train arrived on schedule.火车准时到达。
特定时间和“一……就”，左右 on 后动名词
例：Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling.气体加热时膨胀，冷却时收缩。(特定时间)On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits.一进屋，他就发现他的朋友们在愉快地跳舞。
On reaching the city he called up Lao Yang.一到城里他就给老杨打了一个电话。I'll write to him on hearing from you.我接到你的来信就给他写信。(一……就)以及 on the left, right 向左向右，on the stair 在台阶上等。步行、驴、马、玩笑 on，cab，carriage 用 in 例：On foot 步行;on horse 骑马;on donkey 骑驴。
He rode on, blood flowing from his side.他骑着马，鲜血从腰部流下来。
The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit.为赶上部队，那位八路军战士骑马日行百里。Go on horse back!骑马去！
You are having me on!你和我开玩笑呢!in cab 和 in carriage 不能用 on 或 by cab 或 carriage。at 山脚、门口在当前，速、温、日落价核心
即在山脚下、在门口、在目前，速度、以……速率、温度、在日落时、在……核心要用at。例：At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades.在山脚下，有我们30 个同志。
There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill.山脚下有一个美丽的湖。At the gate of the house there are many children playing glass ball.门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。
Who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口? I don't need the dictionary at present.我现在还不需要这本词典。He is at present in Washington.他目前正在华盛顿。
The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour.火车每小时行驶50 公里。We built the plant at top speed and minimum cost.我们以最低的投资，最高的速度修建了该工厂。at home 在国内，在家里
at ten degrees centigrade 在摄氏10 度
at minus ten degrees centigrade 摄氏零下10 度
Water freezes at 0°centigrade.水在摄氏零度结冰。
Water usually boils at 100°.水通常在摄氏100 度沸腾。at zero 在零度
at the rate of 45 miles an hour at full speed 全速 at a good price 高价 at a low cost 低成本
at a great cost 花了很大代价 at that time 在当时
Evaporation takes place at all temperatures.蒸发在任何温度下都能发生。at 1000 RPM(revolution per minute)每分钟1000 转 at a high speed 高速
The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset.战士们在日落时对敌人发起了攻击。at daybreak 日出时
The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party.领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党。
The atom has a nucleus at its core.在原子的中心有一个原子核。
At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us.这学期开始，我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格。
以及 At the first session of the First National People's congress of the People's Republic of China.在中华人民共和国第一次全国人民代表大会第一次会议上.常用的 at 短语有: at first 首先，开始时 at least 至少
at all events 无论如何 at home 在家，无拘束 at one stroke 一下子 at a loss 不知怎办 at any rate 不管怎样 at length 详细地
be at high tide 处于高潮期
at our invitation 应我们的邀请 at our request 应我们的请求 at the news 听到这消息 at the risk of 冒……危险 at a great expense 以巨大费用 at a stroke 一举 at intervals of 每隔 at liberty 有权，随意 at the sight of 一见到 at the point of 接近，靠近at the thought of 一想到 at the speed of 以……速度
at the cost(price)of 以……为代价 at leisure 闲着、失业
at the disposal of 任凭……使用 at stake 在危险中、在成败关头 at bottom 实际上、本质上 at short notice 一得到通知 at seeing us 看到我们
at the happy tidings 听到喜讯 at sixteen 在16岁时
at the present stage 在现阶段 at the weekend 周末 at all times 永远
at 405 Victory Road 在胜利路405号
工具、同、和、随 with，具有，独立、就、原因
例：We write with ball pens.我们用油笔写字。(工具)
但 He write in blue ink.他用蓝水笔写字(墨水用 in 不用 with)
Theory must go hand in hand with practice.理论必须同实践相结合。(同)
He is talking with friends.他正同朋友们谈话。(同)
I'd like to have a dinner with a friend.我喜欢同朋友共同进餐。
We must co-operate closely with them.我们必须同他们紧密合作。(同)
We, as human beings are going to leave, but friendship has taken roots among us and our hearts are linked with yours.我们虽然就要走了，但是友谊却在我们之间扎了根，我们的心和你们的心是紧紧相连的。(和或同〕
A cadre must become one with the masses.干部必须和群众打成一片。
I'm with you.我同意你。
An atom is so small that we can't see it with a microscope.原子太小，即使用显微镜也看不见它。(工具)
In the past I had to part with my wife.旧社会我不得不和妻子离别。(和)
The socialist revolution is deepening with each passing day.社会主义革命日益深入。(随着)
They sail with the wind.他们顺风航行。(随着)
With the change of the economic foundation, the superstructure has to be 11
transformed too.随着经济基础的改变，上层建筑也必须改变。(随着)
With the battle of Waterloo, Napoleon's rule in Europe was ended.滑铁卢一战，拿破仑对欧洲的统治就完蛋了。
The modern electron tube.随着电子管的发明而诞生了现代电子工业．
She is with child.= She is in a very interesting condition.= in a family way, = She is pregnant(in pregnancy).她怀孕了。(有)
但 She is with a child．意为:“她领着一个孩子。”
China is a very large country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的大国。(具有)
China is a country with a population of ten billion people.中国是一个有10 亿人口的国家。（具有）
What is the matter with you? 怎么回事?(就，关于)
How is it with you? 你怎么啦？(就，关于)
Everything was going well with them.他们一切都进行得很顺利。(就……)
It is a very intense flash with a lot of power packed into it.由于聚集了大量的能，所以闪光非常强烈。（独立结构）
注；即分词独立主格结构用 with。
With a new welding technique introduced, the use of stainless steel was no longer limited to making small things only.由于新的焊接技术的引进，不锈钢的使用就不仅仅局限在微小的物件上了。(独立结构)
With all its beams advancing in step with each other the laser possessed very particular properties which no ordinary light ever has.由于激光的光束同步，所以它具有普通光所没有的特殊性质。(独立结构)
Without the temperature or pressure changed matter can never change from one state into another.没有温度或压力的变化，物质永远不能以一种状态变到另一种状态。(独立结构)
The evil landlord was trembling with fear.那个万恶的地主吓得浑身发抖。(原因)
My wife's hands were rough with work.我爱人因为老干活，手很租糙。(原因)．
With the help of my classmate's tape recorder I listen to the Voice of America and B.B.C every day.借助于我同学的录音机，我每天收听美国之音和B.B.C。(原因)
With television, we can see all kinds of programmes on the screen sitting at home without going to the movies and theatres.因为有了电视，我们坐在家里就能看到各种节目, 而不必去影院、戏院了。(原因)
就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分
这里的 with 后边的宾语常译成主语。
例：How are the things with you? 你情况怎样？
What's wrong with your eyes? 你的眼睛怎么啦?
Something is wrong with my hands.我手出点毛病。
Everything was going well with them.他们一切都进行得很顺利。
Parents must be strict with their children.父母对子女要严格。(对)
The doctor was very patient with his patients.那位医生对患者非常耐心。(对)
I'm quite satisfied with your answer.我对你的回答很满意。(对)12
Many intellectuals with revolutionary tendencies went to the liberated areas.许多带有革命倾向的知识分子都投奔解放区了。(有)
These apartment houses are for workers with families.这些住宅楼是给有家属的工人盖的。
He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.他两手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。(状语)独立结构
They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do all the work.它们是高度机械化的农场，所有工作都由机器进行。(状语)独立结构
上两句是 with 引出的复合结构。
I will be with you again in half an hour.过半个钟头我还会跟你们在一起的。
(with 的介词短语作表语。另注意 in 将来时态 in 以后)
Our sympathies were with the students persecuted by the gang of four during the cultural revolution.我们是非常同情“文革”中被“四人帮”迫害的青年学生的。(with 的介词短语作表语)。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被 by，单数人类 known to man
例: by land(air, sea, water, bus)陆路(航空，水陆，水路，乘公共汽车)
by micro bus 坐小面包车(微型汽车)
by mini bus 坐小面包车
by train 坐火车
by trolley bus 坐无轨电车
by tram 坐有轨电车
by bike 骑自行车
by motor car 骑摩托车
by tube 坐地铁
by airbus 坐大型客机(空中汽车〕
by jeep 坐吉普车
by chance 偶然
by accident 偶然，无意中
以及 by virtue of 靠、由于
by leaps and bounds 大幅度地
by way of 经由
by the book 按常规
The list of discoveries by“accident”could fill a long book.偶然的发现可以写一本很厚的书。(偶然)
The law of relativity was formulated by Einstein.相对论是爱因斯坦创立的。(被动)
The book was written by Mr.Zhang.这本书是张先生写的。(被动)
That in 1969 the first artificial satellite was launched to the space is known to man.1969 年第一颗人造卫星上了天是众所周知的。
这里用 to man 而不用 by。即当单数又无冠词的 man 和 known 搭配时，表示人类不用 by。
this，that，tomorrow，yesterday，next, last, one 13
接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯
例：一天 one day(不说 on one day)
one summer 在一个夏天
one year 一年
last night 昨天夜里
last Friday 上个星期五
last month 上月
last year 去年
yesterday afternoon 昨天下午
tomorrow afternoon 明天下午
tomorrow evening 明天晚上
next month 下个月
next week 下周 next year 明年
next Saturday 下星期六
this morning 今天早晨
this year 今年
this Tuesday 本星期二
this Autumn 今年秋天
that morning 那天早上
that evening 那天晚上
无论前面介词 in、on 还是 at，通通可省略，不能说 at last night, on last Friday, in last month, in this year 这些都是不对的，须去掉介词。
over, under 正上下，above, below 则不然
若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关
例：There is a picture over the window.窗户上面有一幅画。(正上方)
The plane flew above the city.飞机飞过城市上空。（高于城市并非正上方)
A lamp was hanging over the table.一盏灯是在方桌上方。(正上方)
The moon was now above the trees in the east.这时月亮已经在东边树林的上方。(非正上方)
Don't stand above the masses.勿高踞于群众之上。(比喻一一非正上方)
The mountain is 700 feet above sea level.这座山海拔700米。(非正上方)
There is a small building below the hill.山下有座小楼房。(非正下方)
There is a submarine under the water.水下有艘潜水艇。(正下方)
Water was found ten feet below the surface.在地面下10英尺处找到了水。(非正下方)
The peasants are cooling themselves under the trees.农民们正在树下乘凉。(正下方)
over under 正上下，低高 below 与 above
The temperature in the room is below(or under)30℃.室温是摄氏30度以下。(数量词两者皆可)
Do you have anything in the way of computers below(under)$10000? 14
你们有哪些价格低于10000美元的计算机?
（数量词两者皆可〕
beyond 超出、无、不能
例：It's quite beyond me(It is more than I can understand).这我完全不懂。
Don't stay out beyond 10 o'clock.不要在外呆到10点以后还不回家。
But the gratitude from the bottom of my heart to the students and my old colleagues, has gone beyond my control.发自肺腑的对学生们和我的老同事们的感激之心使我毫不紧张，毫不拘束；
Your work is beyond all praise, so good that it can't be praised enough.你的成绩是赞扬不尽的。
That is going beyond a joke, passes the limits of what is reasonable as a joke.那样开玩笑太过火了。
They were touched beyond words.他们被感动得无法形容。(无)
To do this was quite beyond all doubts.办这事我无能为力。(超出)
This is inevitable and beyond all doubts.这是必然的，毫无疑义的。(无)
另外, Beyond two cottages stood his house.句子中的 beyond 是“那边”的意思。
against 靠着，对与反
例: In front of the wardrobe there are two upholstered armchairs arranged against the south wall near the door.立柜前面是两把沙发椅，靠着南城门附近。（靠着）
She leaned wearily against the railings.她疲惫地靠着栏杆站着。(靠着)
A new president was elected by a majority of 274 votes against 110.新总统以274票对110票的多数当选。(对……)
besides, except 分内外，among 之内 along 沿
例：The design has many other advantages besides lower cost.除费用低外，该设计还有许多其他优点。(优点包括在内)
He had no time to prepare his lecture, besides which he was unwell.他没有时间准备讲稿，而且他的身体也不大舒适。
Every one of us, except her, went to see the exhibition.除她外，我们都去参观了展览会。
He gets up early every day except Sunday.除星期日外他每天早起。
Nobody was late except me.除我以外，没人迟到。
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