四级笔记精品班阅读笔记

第一篇：四级笔记精品班阅读笔记

四级精品班阅读笔记

（由新东方大学英语四级阅读名师郭将主讲）

阅读中的七大模块

1． 时间模块：

（1）强对比

（2）多个时间出现构成事件过程（3＞3个）2． 举例、比喻、引用：属次要信息，进一步论证主要信息，并非不能出题，（1）大写字母是举例与比喻的暗示。

（2）举例删，紧跟某个观点，但第一句为举例时要保留，不能删

举例中会出现从抽象到具体的过程要引起重视

（3）暗示举例的单词：in terms of in relation to

with regard to

regarding concering

as to根据 关于

3． 观点现象——原因解释：

如果一段话主旨是以解释观点现象为主，那么其后的文字多为解释该现象的出现的原因 常出现的因果词汇的单词：

小词：and因果；并列

as=because因果；并列

for因果

with因果

and:并列关系，前后形式相同

4． 首句主系表结构，跃升为本段中心、主旨

5．(1).某段中出现vary change differ

some many 这些词.或这些词的同义词上升为本段中心 vary:(1)文章中心

(2)总分结构的标志词

(2).表现层次的词:

要保持逻辑的完整性,当两个逻辑提示词出现保留语气最强的那一方

(3).同义复述:用不同的语言来描述同一个中心,如果一段话有搞不定的句子,认为是同义复述,只要搞定一个句子即可 6． but:一段话首句中出现but,之后信息上升为这段话主旨

but在举例中出现意义很小,不在举例中出现意义很大.尤其是在推翻观点时.7． 实验版块:主要分实验目的、实验过程和实验结果

(1)目的: to in order to so prupose so that aim(2)原理、器材、步骤：属于过程可以删掉，相当与举例(3)结论：suggest find show prove

解题思路：1.直接提取实验目的、结论

2．主要出现的单词:investigate study survey 等单词代表实验

把握文章模块的总体思路(串联脱落思路)：

1.对于每段文章中出现新的信息点要敏感,可能该信息点会成为该段主旨

2.要把握每段文章首句,首句很有可能出现本段主旨的信息,但是对于该段中的新信息点要敏感,要与该段主旨进行串联.但对于该段中的举例、与主旨同一的信息点重复出现要进行落化、删除和脱落该信息点。3．每段的结尾句要引起重视，可能会出现新的信息点

4．要注意段与段之间的衔接关系，如有些段落会出现一些如some，also besides plenty，other，above all之类的层次词。

逻辑关系阅读法

1． 转折 but however infact ：转折前是废话，删除信息；转折前后意思相反，看到前就能猜到后面的语意 2． 因果 so

because for as with in that 原因because 结果 选结果，原因字数多

3．让步

though

although even though despite in spite of nevertheless 让步部分删，让一步更近主题 4.并列 and A and B 两句删一句 保留容易读懂的一句 5．递进 also

in addition

furthermore A, also B 选 A 简单的一半

不同题型的解题方法

一 主旨题

出题目的，一般和主旨相关 出题形式 1． Mainly about 2． Best title 3． Propose： 二

词汇题 总原则 1． 熟词 僻义 2． 僻词 熟义 解题4步骤：

1.生词紧前 紧后是否有of这个词 2.该生词生词紧前 紧后是否有逻辑提示词 3.考虑该生词紧后一句信息 4.考虑本句或前一句或本句 三

指代题

1．近前部分寻找 2.注意简略 层层寻找,推出指代内容 形式:A----B A（B）A define B A means B A is B 代表A和 B互相解释，考到A，看B；考到B，看A 2．拓展:对于某句话的理解，用紧后一句 四 态度题

1.中心思想下手 最经典的态度此

肯定:positive 否定: negative critical 中立:neutral 如indifferent he han’t formal his opinioa 不要选,作者写文章总会持一定态度的 五 推理题

1.没有说明哪一段

整篇文章infer 全文最后一段的主旨，从后往前推 2.指明哪一段infer 该段的主旨/切中这段话的中心思想 总体说通过主旨回答,出现细节性选项是错的 六

细节题

1.主旨法 : 折射主旨 抛弃细节本身

2.定位法 :1.超出定位法本身的句子,答案找紧后一句;2.考举例中的大写字母或时间

 注意:如果考对于整个举例的理解,不可用定位法,而是从主旨出发考虑本题答案

解题思路 一.定位法:两点定一直线

1.从提干中提取2个或大于2个的关键词(1)提干:和文章内容发生关联部分(2)2个或2个以上关联词

a.提干中出现时间、数字、大写字母成为关键词

b.提干中出现原因、目的性词汇：to

in order to

so as to

purpose

aim c.动词和名词

2.返回原文这句话:包含你定位的关键词和同义词

3.精确把握本句,以此推断选项,全文其他任何句子就此立刻消失

 注意:不是次要信息不出题,通过出题反映主旨；能定位的句子越多越好

二.愚蠢思路: 发现看不懂的话,找他的紧后一句,发现对应点,如何解释

错误答案规律:

1.概念缩小:从原文中抽取某一个片段

2.与原文相似表述，不一定是对的。但定位法除外 3.并列结构:并列结构的选项同时删除

注意:选项是否正确与是否符合原文原句无关,定位法除外

4． 主旨题选项中出现Importance of首先排除；在选项中出现research一般排除

5． 项中出现时间、数量以及举例、比喻或一串逗号的暗示是细节选项，选项中出现细节信息时，选项一般为错 6． 过于绝对化选项为错：如出现all only等词;7． 通过常识解题: 不切实际的选项为错

正确选项的长相: 1.选项中出现让步词,选项基本为正确的

2.在except题中 四级考试永远选D;在not ture题中,四级考试一般为A

选项: 感觉

1.宽泛词义优先原则 2.相对化绝对化原则 3.细节服从主旨原则

再次感谢郭将老师的精彩讲授和对笔记的修改指点

第二篇：新东方四级听力笔记

天上砍木材团队

新东方四级听力笔记

上海新东方四级精品班Tom（徐星海）老师主讲

短对话部分

短对话听力的一些原则

1． 推理原则：一般需对对话进行推理，故直接在对话中听到的一般不是正确答案。2． 挫折原则：通常要办的事情都是不顺利的（如买东西买不到，订房间客满等）3． 男女原则：一般男生比较衰，女生比较牛。男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的。

男生的特征：脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家

女生的特征：爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩都很好。

4． 父母一般只有一个作用教育子女好好学习

5． 除了父母教育子女外，家里（包括朋友家，阿姨家等等）发生的事情一般是不考的，故遇到地点推测题类似 at home / at Mary’s home之类的选项一般都是不对的。6． 四级听力短对话只考日常生活学习中遇得到事情，问题，故如果选项中出现一些日常生活中不太可能发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是正确选项

短对话十大场景及一般思路

1． 借车：车一般是借不到的

2． 吃：匹萨，海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应，―派‖一般比较好吃

3． 考试：作业、论文一般比较难，或须要熬夜。教授一般比较严厉，选修课较难较多

4． 坐车（飞机、轮船）：一般都需要等 5． 事故（灾难）：光明原则，一般不会死人

6． 听讲座：题目一般是比较有趣丰富的，内容一般是比较复杂难懂的 7． 论文：一般需要修改（polish）或重写（rewrite）

8． 休闲：男生一般喜欢待在家里看TV或者看movie，女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如theater

9． 医院：需要预约make an appointment 10买票：基本上是买不到的 短对话的常见场景

1.学校场景 课程分类

Optional course 选修课 Required course 必修课 Day course 白天的课 Evening course 晚上的课

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经常出现的科目或专业 Chinese 中文 English 英语

mathematic 数学 history 历史 chemistry 化学 Literature 文学 考试

Final exam 期终考试 middle exam 期中考试 make up 补考 test测验

pop test 事先没有说好的测验 quiz 测验 oral test 口试 考试临近

draw on / in sight of / draw nearly 考试延期或取消

delay / be off / defer / hold up / postpone 学校分类

public school 公立学校 private school 私立学校 religious school 教会学校 学校中的人 president 校长 dean 院长 professor 教授 lecturer 讲师

coordinator 管理员 doctor 博士 master 硕士 bachelor 学士

freshman 大一新生 sophomore 大二学生 junior 大三学生 senior 大四学生 图书馆

借书 lend / borrow / check out 参考书 reference book 续借 renew 过期 overdue 还书 return 罚金 fine

/ put off / suspend 天上砍木材团队

attend / have a lecture 上课 cut a class 逃课

miss a class 错过了课 scholarship 荣誉奖学金 assistantship 助教奖学金 teaching assistant 助教 research assistant 助研 semester 学期

2.交通运输场景 fare 车票 licence 驾照

rush hours 高峰时间 traffic jam 交通堵塞 overtake 超车

one way street 单行道 over speed 超速 police officer 交警 ticket 罚单 fine 罚金

fast way / express way / high way 高速公路 motor way 机动车道 super way 飞机机动车道 free way 免费高速公路

交通工具（出现频率从高到低）

plane / train（女）/ bus / bike（女）/ walk（女）（女）：女生比较喜欢 tunnel / channel 隧道 ring road 环线

subway（美）/ underground（英）地铁 metro 地道地铁 underpass人行地道 overhead 轻轨 flyover 人行天桥 mag – lev 磁悬浮 take a taxi 乘出租车

call a taxi 招出租车/订出租车 catch a train / bus 赶火车/汽车 3.电话场景

mobile phone 手机 pay phone 公用电话

telephone box/booth 电话亭 yellow page 黄页

/ taxi 天上砍木材团队

dial（拨电话号码）/ press（按电话号码）extension 分机 operator 总机 put~through 接通

wrong number / there is no one by this name 电话号码错了/ 没有这个人 is not in 不在？be not in hold on 不要挂断，稍等 take/leave a message 留言 hang up / get off 挂断 credit call 记账式电话

bill the call into the 3rd party 免费电话 collect call 对方付费电话

4.机场场景

plane / craft 飞机 book 订票

timetable 时间表 destination 目的地 open ticket one way ticket 单程票 round trip ticket 来回票

non-stop / direct flight 直航

transfer / lay over / stop over 转机

first / business / economy cabin 头等 / 商务 / 经济 舱 confirm the flight 确认航班 check in 登记

boarding card 登机牌 security check 安检 see off 送行 送别时的祝语

keep in touch 保持联系 safe landing 安全着陆 board 登机 take off 起飞 departure 离港

safety / sect belt 安全带 land 着陆 arrival 进港 pick up 接机

5.公司场景

job vacancy 有空缺职位 letter of application 求职信 resume 简历

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resume包括几部分

basic / personal info.基本信息/个人资料 academic background 教育背景 work experience 工作经验 certificates and honours interview 面试 offer 聘用信

work experience 工作经验 work overtime 加班 ask for a raise 加钱 wage 周薪 salary 日薪 bonus奖金 allowance 津贴

annual income 年收入 promotion 升职 fire 解雇 resign 辞职 retire 退休 laid-off 下岗

work / job / career / course 工作 post / position / vocation / title 职务 假期休息的说法（依次是从大到小）holiday 假日，假期 vacation 休假

annual leave 年假 sick leave 病假 rest 休息

break 指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息 coffee break away 离开一会 公司职位从大到小

chairman of the board

president--general manager—manager – department manager—head – officer – specialist（专员）--clerk

6.租房场景

live on campus 住校 live off campus 住校外 for sale 可销售的房子

for rent / lease 可出租的房子 to let 同上 rent 租金

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utilities 公用事业费 location 位置

suburb / downtown 市郊 / 市中心 condition 住房条件 furnished 配家具 unfurnished 无装修 leaking 漏水 blackout 断电 environment 环境 transportation 交通 land lord 房东

land lady 房东太太 tenant 房客

roommate 室友

好的室友：neat 整洁的 considerate 体贴的，细心的不好的室友：messy / untidy 脏乱的 noisy 吵闹的

7.医院场景

see a doctor 去医院看医生 send for a doctor 让医生出诊

health center / clinic 卫生所 / 门诊部 physician 内科医生 surgeon 外科医生 dentist 牙医

make an appointment 预约 emergency 急诊

check up / exam 检查

cold（感冒）—— flu（流感）—— headache（头痛）—— sore throat（嗓子痛）——

fever（发烧）—— toothache（牙疼）—— stomachache（胃疼）prescribe 开药方 pill / tablet 药片 liquid 喝药水

injection => shot 注射 operation 手术

medical result 诊断结果

8.宾馆场景

make a reservation 预订房间 confirm a reservation 确认预订 cancel a reservation 取消预订 fully booked / full up / full 客满 porter 行旅员

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tips 小费

reception 前台 check in 登记入住 single room 单人房

double room 一张大床的双人房 twin room 两张单人床的双人房 suite 套房

bathroom toilet / w.c closet restroom 厕所

room service 客房服务（四级听力中的客房服务一般只有考一种——送餐）lounge 男士用休息区 lobby 大堂

business center 商务中心 salon 美容厅 ball 舞厅 bar 酒吧

night club 夜总会 check out 退房

9.邮局场景

post / send / mail 寄 letter / mail 信

registered mail 挂号信 regular mail平信 airmail 航空信

parcel / package 包裹 telegram / cable 电报 rate 费率

overweight 超重 postage 邮资 email 电子邮件 reply 回复 forward 转发

cc（carbon copy）抄送

bcc（blind carbon copy）秘密抄送 subject 主题

attach 附件attachment

10.饭店场景 eat out 出去吃 take away 外带 fast food 快餐

book a table 订位子

waiter / waitness 服务员waitress menu 菜单

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order 点菜

appetizer 开胃菜 main course 主食 dessert 餐后甜点 bill 账单

service charge 服务费 change 找零 tips 小费

keep the change 不用找零了

11．其他 closed 关门 open 开门

office hours / business hours / working hours 工作时间，营业时间 关于开关

power on / off 开/关 turn on / off 开/关

switch on / off 开/ 关（这个词只能用于与电有关的开关，不能用于水龙头之类的开关）干杯 cheers

propose a toast to bottom up the best book 最好的书圣经 the best thing 最好的事情选择 the last thing 最不愿意做的事情 the last man 最不愿意见的人 best seller 畅销的东西 sell up 卖完，卖光 售罄

sell out卖完，卖光 售罄 / 出卖朋友或原则 sell off 低价处理库存商品 selling machine 自动售货机 selling point 卖点 count the days 渴望

count on = dependent / rely on depend on count in 把……考虑在内 count for nothing 一钱不值 count for little 无足轻重 count for much 举足轻重 count down 倒计时 count up 相加 count up to 共计 关于旅行 travel

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journey 陆上长途旅行 trip 陆上短途旅行 outing 远足 stroll 散步 wander 徘徊 picnic 野餐 camping 野营 tour 周游

cruise 水上短途旅行 voyage 水上长途旅行

关于死亡的说法

没有感情色彩的：die / end up / meat one’s death / decease 褒义的： pass away 贬义的：kick the bucket

关于和别人相处的好的说法

get on with = get along(well)with be in good term with live in peace with 关于强调 point out emphasize lay / put emphasis on give emphasis to 达成协议找到出路 find a way out

reach an agreement reach a consensus 关于―得失‖

gains and losses give and take

关于拜访

drop in / at / over / by stop in / over / by call on sb call at / round sw look in / up pay a visit to pay / make a call to

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关于碰见，偶遇 come across run into bump into happen to meet 关于花钱、花费的词 Take Spend Cost Charge Pay Buy

关于水 water

running / tap ~ 自来水 fresh ~ 活水 still ~ 死水 pure ~ 纯净水 purified ~ 净化水 mineral ~ 矿泉水

be used to do 被用于 be used to dong习惯于

get used to doing 渐渐习惯于 used to do 过去常常

单复数意思不太一样的词 ruin 毁灭 ruins 废墟

authority 权威 authorities 当局 brain 头脑 brains 智力，智慧 custom 风俗习惯 customs 海关

damage 破坏，损坏 damages 赔偿费 ground 地面 土地 grounds 院子，监狱 manner 礼貌 方式 manners 外貌 minute 分钟 minutes 会议记录 paper 纸张 papers 试卷 time 时间 times 时代

关于―调查‖ research survey 市场调查

opinion poll 名义调查民意调查 questionnaire 问卷调查

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investigation 很正式的调查 interview 会见，访谈 belong to 属于 participate in 参加

be engaged in 从事、参加

be involved in 卷入 消磨时间 kill time pass time count one’s thumbs 用完、缺少 run out of be short of

be lack in lack of / in

a little 一点 not a little 很多 a bit 一点 not a bit 一点也没有

短对话中常用单词和句型

1.表示期待、希望、渴望做某事的说法 expect / hope / wish be eager / anxious /dying to look for ward to wait / yean / thirst / long for can not wait counting the days

2.下列词语与―but‖一样含有转折的的意思 actually well really in fact as a matter of fact to tell you the truth

3.表示建议的句型

how about…… 做……如何 I heard about…… 我听说…… If I were you …… 如果我是你……

It seems to me that…… 在我看来似乎……

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Let’s …… shall we ? 让我们……怎么样？ Let us …… will you ? 让我们……怎么样？ Shall I / we ……

What about …… 做……如何

Why don’t you …… 你为什么不…… Why not + 动词原型 为什么不…… Would you like …… 你要……吗？

Wouldn’t …… be better / wiser 做……不是更好吗？ 4.表示同意、附和的句型 I agree with you Exactly

I couldn’t agree with you more / better I think so I can’t wait any minute Believe it or not I will …… if 假如……我就会 It’s my turn 轮到我了 我请客 Why not ? You are right

I guess so 我猜也是 No problem 没问题 Of cause

Out of question 毫无疑问 So do I / me too 我也是

Sure / absolutely / beautiful 当然，很好 Good idea

That sounds really nice 听起来真不错

5.表示询问的句型

Any questions / any thing wrong 有什么问题吗？

Can you give me some ideas 可以给我一些建议吗？ Do you know …… Do you want to……

Do you find any wrong with 你觉得……有什么不对劲吗？ How long will it take 做什么要花多久 I am thinking of …… 我正在考虑做…… I suppose think …… 我猜想……

What’s your plane plan 你的计划是什么？ What happens if …… 如果……怎么办？ What shall we do 我们该怎么做？ 6.表示否定的句型

Actually / as a matter of fact 事实上…… How can you do sth 你怎么可以……

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I can’t afford any disturbance 不要再烦我 I couldn’t agree with you I didn’t men to 我本不打算 I don’t think so

It doesn’t matter 无所谓 I wish …… 但愿……

I’d like to but 我很愿意但是…… I’d love to but I just can’t bear I am afraid not I am sorry but …… is not everything ……不是关键 no bother / why bother 不要麻烦 no , thanks really That’s his opinion To tell you the truth Well , as far as I know

7.表示―不得不‖

have to 表示客观上不得不做某事 must 主观上的必须做某事 be bound to cannot but have no choice but 8.表示―迟到‖ behind time be delayed / overdue behind schedule be late

9.表示―紧张‖ tremble shake all over get one’s tongue tied have one’s mind go blank nervous

10.以下词组听到后意思取反 mean to 想要…… planned to 原计划…… intended to 原打算…… tended to

used to 过去常常……

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11.以下句型要引起重视，重点听取，就算本身不是考点也一定直接引向考点 反意疑问句(……，didn’t you ?)反问句 倒装句

助动词 do / did / does it is …… that / who / when…… 的句型

正确答案的特征

1． 含义肯定的不是正确选项，模糊的是正确选项 意思具体的不是正确选项，概括的是正确选项 意思详细的不是正确选项，抽象的是正确选项 意思肤浅的不是正确选项，深刻的是正确选项 2． 含有一下单词的一般是正确选项

neither / either / also / besides / almost / especially / possibly / probably / likely perhaps / might / may / maybe / could /can / all / none 3． 含有以下三种结构的一般可能是正确选项

系表结构（系动词+标语表语）比较结构（……than……）复合句 4． 含有四级词汇替换项的一般是正确选项

5． 表示―同意或不同意‖，―喜欢或不喜欢‖，―应该或不应该的‖的一般为正确选项 6． 以下三种选项一般其中有一个可能是正确选项 反意项 形似项近似项

7． 同意项不可能是正确选项，等例排除。等立排除 8． 绝对化选项，一般不是正确答案，可直接排除 关于时间推断题 1． 直接听到的不选

2． 极限值即值最大和最小的选项一般不选

关于数字计算题

1． 灾难题（如飞机失事、交通事故）：一般选总和 2． 号码题

double 表示两个，double two =22 triple 表示三个，triple two = 222 凡是遇到一时反映不过来或听不懂的数字一般为―0‖ 3． 价格计算题

打折题discount discount of 10% 表示打9折 此类题目一般选第二大的数字（最大的一般是原价，第二大的一般就是打完折的）

单价题 one / each 此类题目较难也很少考，一般在有倍数关系的一对数字中选小的那个

语段题部分 语段题概述

从文章题材来分：三分之二考说明文，三分之一考记叙文，偶尔也考议论文，新闻报道

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从文章内容来分：二分之一考社科类，三分之一考故事，其他还考自然科学，人物传记

语段题常靠的八种文章

1． 学校题材（剑桥大学等）

重点：学校的地理位置，资金来源，校园环境，师生情况，课程情况，图书馆，课外活动，学校特色

2． 机构介绍（监狱，图书馆等）重点：地点，规模，制度，专业 3． 社会热点

重点：轰动效应，背景（产生的原因），大众观点，作者态度 4． 灾难题（毒品，车祸等）

重点：问题类型，起因，危害，解决方法（尤其是科学家、研究人员提出的事实、观点、方法、结论）5． 新闻题

重点：when where who why which(what)how 6． 人物题

重点：生卒年月、出生地、成就（贡献）、坎坷遭遇、结局 7． 科普题（太阳风等）

重点：物体特征、形成原因、分类、最新研究发现和初步结论 8． 故事

重点：主人公遭遇、变故、主人公做的决定、原因、结局

语段题10大解题原则

1． 听即原则：所听即所得，听到什么就选什么（正好与短对话相反，短对话时听到的一般不选）

2． 重读原则：某单词被反复读到或是在语音上加以重读，因引起重视如果选项中出现很可能是正确答案

3． 顺序原则：出题顺序一般与行文顺序相同除了主题题和部分说明文

4． 主题原则：主题一般出现在段落的头尾部分，所以要集中精力听清前三句话和最后两句话

5． 原因原则：凡出现表示原因，目的的很有可能是考点如：because so as 等词前后要着重听

6． 转则原则：凡出现表示转则的词如：but however yet 等，后面的句子往往是考点，要引起重视

7． 光明原则：事情一般都是向着好的方面发展的，主人公多数是大难不死的，事情总是逢凶化吉，绝处逢生的 8． 男女原则：同短对话

9． 穷学生原则：学生一般都是比较穷的，不能继续学业一般都是因为经济原因，因为穷一般还比较喜欢DIY一些东西

10．偏怪小原则：一般故事总是稀奇古怪的，经过总是曲折离奇的，结局总是出人意料的。宗旨就是意料之外、情理之中 语段题的做提步骤

1． 先预读备选项，从备选项推测文章的体裁和大致内容

2． 更据十大原则和该类文章的重点大致推测考点可能出现的位置

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3． 听语段，尤其抓住标志词，确定考点

4． 听问题，将原文的意思对应选项。确定考点后用原文对应选项 对应选项一般有四种情况按难度依次为 原词复现：选项中的用词和原文完全一样

同义复现：选项中用一个同义词或词组替换原文中的词近义复现：选项与原文意思相近，但换了一种表达方式

反意复现：选项与原文表达正好相反，但意思是一样的如：原文说如果怎样就会怎样，选项说如果不怎么样就会如何。十大类标志词

据研究有90%以上的考点都是由标志词引导活提示的，因此在语段听力中听到下列标志词时要引起高度的重视，集中注意力听清标志词前后的句子。

1． 最高级标志词

形容词、副词最高级、most / chief / primary / main / leading / …… 2． 唯一级标志词

only / unique / prefer / every / one / of all / perfect / …… 3． 因果项标志词

cause / lead to / contribute to / thanks to / owing to / question / answer / why / reason / 其他形式的问句 / …… 4． 转则项关键词

despite / in spite of / instead / while / from ~ to ~ / although ~（yet）~ / not only ~ but also ~ / …… 5． 序数项标志词

所有的序数词（first , second）/ another / the other / next / last / in addition / on the other hand / …… 6． 时间项标志词

when / how / today / as / before / after / since / then / until / …… 7． 解释项标志词

or / namely / in other words / that is / that is to say / …… 8． 目的项标志词 to / for / ……

9． 总结项标志词

all in all / in brief / to conclude / at last / in summary / in short / …… 10．强调项标志词

副词：especially / particularly / almost / always / usually / ……

动词：show / remember / note / notice / say / pronounce / ……

说明文的特点及解题技巧

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说明文的选项特征

1． 选项简洁概括、不完整句子居多，最多有一至二题细节体

2． 选项往往比较抽象，一般以 it / they / man / woman /等抽象名词做主语 3． 选项往往表达因果、目的、手段的小词 如：because / by / to 4． 选项具备科学性、客观性的特点，但选项之间缺乏逻辑关系

说明文的文章特点

1． 文章紧紧围绕一个事物或事件进行描述，深入浅出，要求知其所以然 2． 文章紧扣一个中心事物，着重描写一个熟悉事物的与众不同处

3． 语言平实、简洁、明白，有时会用以下修辞方法：分类法、举例子、做比较、列数字

4． 层次结构清楚，多为总分结构

5． 开篇引题，重点不分明。但以设问开头的说明文除外。

标志词常出现的位置 1． 在每个层次的启承处

判断个层次的启承主要有两种方法一种是听序数项标志词如：on the other hand / another / second等等；第二种是听―气‖即语速，语音，语调有所变化的地方。2． 段落开头、结尾处，前三后二 科技类说明文

重点注意三个―age‖即 advantage 优势 disadvantage 劣势 usage 用途

环境类说明文

重点在于产生环境问题的原因及解决方法 实验类说明文 重点在于：

实验目的、实验手段、实验结果 演讲类说明文 重点在于：

演讲主题、说话人的观点、文章走向 应该重视的原则 听即原则 主题原则 层次原则 原因原则 转折原则

求异原则 注意事物的与众不同处

替换原则 数字，年代等一般需要重新定位

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记叙文的特点及解题技巧

记叙文的内容一般为记叙人物经历，故事、事物发展过程、游记等 记叙文的选项特征

1． 提供大量细节，选项中经常有时间名、地点名、人物名。

2． 选项基本是完整的句子主语常为he / she / the man / the women 3． 选项多位叙述性的句子，比一般说明文来的长 4． 选项符合时间顺序，但没有逻辑关系 记叙文的文章特点

1． 人物简单，事实清楚，中心明确 2． 故事情节相对完整 3． 故事本身无主题无重点

4． 写作方法一般有顺叙和倒叙两种，以顺叙为主倒叙为辅 5． 叙述顺序一般有两种：时间顺序和事务发展顺序 记叙文可能出现的考点 1． 考主题 前三句后两句 2． 考原因 3． 考转折

4． 靠顺序，时间顺序，事物发展顺序

5． 考对话，可在选项旁边适当做笔记如：a选项是tom说的那就在a旁边写个t，反之如果选项是人名，那么就在每个人名边上写下这人说的话中最关键的一词 记叙文解题应该重视的原则

1． 听即原则，尤其重视重读、重读现象 2． 主题原则，段首往往是考点

3． 特别重视三类标志词：因果 转折 时间 4． 光明原则：事情一般都是逢凶化吉的

5． 偏怪小原则：事情结局一般总是出人意料的，如果没听清楚切忌按常理推断，要猜也要猜最偏最怪的那个

新闻稿类型文章的特点及解题思路

新闻稿的选项特点 1． 选项具有时效性 2． 选项具有灾难性 新闻稿的文章特点

1． 文章叙事的结构有两种：金字塔型和倒金字塔型。四级听力语段一般为金字塔型，即最重要的放在最前面，导语引领全文

2． 注重实效性，在原文和选项中都体现出刚发生的感觉，有时还会涉及将来时 3． 内容一般是两大类：天灾，人祸 新闻稿可能出现的考点 1． 考导语即第一句话

2． 靠宾语 即语段中线类似 It is said / reported / pronounces / declared /……/ that …… 这样的句子，那么―that‖后面的句子是极有可能是考点。3． 考查四方面的信息：时间、地点、人物、数字

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4． 考转折 5． 考原因

议论文章的特点及解题思 议论文的选项特征

1． 选项多位概括性的句子 2． 选项有表明观点的作用 3． 选项有内在逻辑关系 议论文文章特点

1． 在三大要素中（论点、论证、论据）论点和论据是文章的重点。论点一般在文章开头，篇尾也会点题

2． 文章通俗易懂，道理浅显，说理的过程叙事化 3． 主题明确，围绕一个论点展开

4． 层次结构清楚，一般为总分总结构。小论点明显，态度鲜明 议论文的常见考点

1． 考论点，中心论点和分论点都是必考的

2． 考问答，文章中出现设问及其回答都是很重要的 3． 考观点：如think……，suppose ……

4． 标志词（最高级标志词，唯一级标志词，原因项标志词，转折项标志词）

复合式听写部分

复合式听写答题顺序及技巧

听之前：pre – listening 1． 对全文进行全局性预览：尤其是第一句（topic）最后一句(conclusion)2． 观察空格前后的特殊现象，判断词性，单复数，时态语态 听之时：while-listening

原则：精听，速记，以听为主，以记为辅。如何速记

1． 省略虚词如：如冠词，助动词等

2． 遇到词组记每个单词首字母如 break down 就记作B D，但一定要自己看得懂的

3． 长单词记前三个字母 如：experience 就记作 exp 4． 符号记忆 如：more than 就记作‖>‖ less than 记作 ―<‖ equal to 记作 ―=‖等等

5． 混合记忆 就是把上面几种方法混合起来用，还可以夹杂中文字等等

6． 随便记忆 如果实在一时想不出是什么词，就用拼音，音标或者读音相近的词先把他记下来。总之就是不管对错，先把大致读音记下来再说，然后等有时间再慢慢研究。

7． 无论采取何种记录方法最重要的原则是记得自己看得懂，待会能很方便的回想和复原出来。不要记得到时候自己也想不起来是什么东西。

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听之后：after – listening 全面检查和补全前面记录下的东西 1． 检查漏词

a 检查漏掉的：介词（in on at ……），冠词（a an the），代词(it this that ……)

b 漏词缀：漏掉单词前缀，漏掉非谓语形式（―ing‖……），漏掉过去时态（最容易出错的是以下四个短语 decided to / surprised to / learned to / started to）2． 检查错词

a 长单词容易发生拼写错误，要仔细检查一遍

b 短单词容易和同音异义词混淆，检查时要和上下文连起来看看意思是不是对 3． 检查大小写

人名 地名 国家名 时间名（月份什么）节日名 书名 文件名 商标名 历史事件名 宗教名首字都要大写 句首单词首字母也要大写

4． 检查名词单复数，形容词、副词比较级最高级，动词事态，语态

关于最后三句话的听写注意事项和技巧

这个三句话一般比较难，要全部听出来有一定难度。但无论如何有两点要避免，1． 把句子写成一个个单词，把没听见的地方位置空出来。这个是绝对不可取的，老师看都不用看肯定扣分。因为这都不是句子嘛！

2． 把句子的内容不断的涂改，搞的卷面非常难看。这个首先给老师的印象就很恶劣，然后如果有一点点错误本来可以扣0.5分，1分什么的，这下就说不定全部扣光了

所以不管对错都要把句子写成貌似像一个句子，要整洁不要涂涂改改，最好还没有语法错误。一般可以有四种做法：

1． 逐字逐句听写（适合比较简单的句子或比较牛的同学）2． 听懂之后写句子大意，无语法错误（适合于比较长的句子）

比较常用的方法是判断这句话表达的是正面的意思还是反面的意思，正面的意思尝试用 it is good / important 之类的句子改写 反面的意思尝试用 it is bad / harmful 之类的句子改写

3． 前后随便抄一句（反正空着也是空着，就随便写一句咯。：P 因为阅卷老师只有答案没有考卷的啦。对是肯定不对的但总比空着强）

4． 呵呵，连随便抄抄这种方法也讲了，还剩下什么呢？这个我就不说了，估计大多数人也是不会用地说 ：）

反正做复合式听写不管听得如何最重要的就是死也不能空着！因为阅卷老师一天要改几百份卷子，空着太醒目了一看就是扣分，而且给老师的第一印象就是这个同学水平很差然后说不定就没兴趣看了。单词实在不会拼，千万不要空着，如有一两个字母吃不准可以写的花一点即像这个又像那个。如果完全不会拼就随便按照发音规则拼一个貌似的单词。句子么前面已经说过了一定要写得貌似一个完整的句子。反正错了是理所当然的因为本来就不对，没什么好后悔，but(强转折)万一阅卷的老师眼神不好算你对了，那是就检了便宜了啦。

最后说几点注意事项

1． 切忌拿到考卷就去翻看作文题，因为那样会打乱你正常的思路，或不知不觉开始构思或造成不必要的紧张，而这都势必会严重影响你听力的效果。作文最后

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有专门整块的时间可以构思和写作，完全没有必要这样迫不及待。

2． 拿到考卷后除了填准考证什么的就因马上把思想集中在听力部分，因为这是考试中唯一只有一次机会的题目。机不可失，失不再来。

3． 预读选项应该从最后一篇文章往前读，因为section b 的 direction 很较短且选项难度也较大，所以很可能会来不及读的。所以尤其是后两篇文章的选项一定要先读，第一篇实在来不及还可以在direction时读。但在预读选项时，耳朵一定要注意听 当听到section a 的 direction 读到中间有个―therefore‖这个单词时（这个单词在那个例子讲完后一点），无论看到哪里都马上停下来回到section a 读第一题的四个选项。因为―therefore‖这个单词到第一题开始正好是10秒，而后面每一题的间隔也正好是10秒。大家一定要让自己适应在10秒内读完四个选项，要知道如果来不及的话也就意味着后面的题目你统统都来不及，因为后面的10秒还要去除答前面一题的时间呢。

4． 答题的时间一般最长不要超过4秒至少要留6秒时间给下一道题的预读。前6秒答题，后8秒预读下一题选项。超过4秒还选不出答案的要么就随便选，要么就记下点什么待会再选。而且事实证明在4秒钟之内不能选出答案的，就算选了错误的几率也是非常大的。所以千万不要拼命狂想，否则后面的就是多米诺骨牌式的效应了。

5． 考前注意休息，营养均衡，早餐定时定量。

6． 强烈建议考试当天早上不要看什么单词书，也不要听什么听力，也不要背什么作文。因为对于绝大多数的同学而言，到了这时候再看这些已经不会有什么太大的作用反而只会莫名其妙的增加自己紧张和不安的情绪，而这对于考试绝对是不利的。

7． 对于少部分考试慢热型但心理素质又很好的同学早上也可以随便拿一套听得很熟得真题来听听，但就算要听也一定要听平时听得滚瓜烂熟的千万不要找陌生的来听。（不太推荐）这不是我说的。

8． 古人云，不战而屈人之兵，很大程度上取决于心理因素。所以不要给自己任何负面的心理暗示，早上起来大声地告诉自己我这次一定可以过的，我很强的。然后可以听一些轻音乐之类的舒缓自己紧张的情绪。

再次万分的感谢tom老师的讲课

[原创]四级听力之——如何备战四级听力

天上砍木材团队

如何备战四级听力（国内部徐星海）引子

如何有效备战四级听力？如何在短时间内大幅提高自身水平？随着十二月份的四级考试的临近，越来越多的考生面临着这样的一个尴尬局面：有时间的时候，忽视了日积月累的复习；而意识到复习的重要性的时候，时间又非常紧迫了。古人云，―不战而屈人之兵‖，意思就是在打仗之前，就已经通过各种各样的非战争因素赢得了战争，胜败已见分晓。同样的，我们四级的考生也一定要赢在起跑线上：建立起正确的迎考态度，按照正确的复习方法和节奏，有条不紊地进行系统的复习工作。心理准备

首先我们必须明确：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒；英语学习是一个长期积累的过程，短期的突击无异于舍本逐末、杯水车薪。然而，这并不意味着我们不能够通过掌握考试规律来调整我们的临考状态、提高我们的应考能力。本文目的就是与广大考生共同分享如何利用应试规律、最大限度地发挥同学们的四级听力水平的。当然，我们还是需要反复强调：英语水平是不可能在短时间内有实质性飞跃的，尽管，考生的应试水平可以通过科学的方法有效地提高。

想要在四级考场中最大程度发挥潜能、取得完胜，考生首先要在心理上取得优势。不仅是对于初次考级的新考生，对于老考生来说，四级的成败很大程度上取决于心理因素。心理上，我们必须戒骄戒躁，排除任何杂念，越是临近考试，就越是要冷静执着，坚韧不拔。考生的心中只需要有一个信念：两个月，我只要两个月复习四级就绰绰有余了，我一定能够毕其功于一役！

同时，我们必须有这样的心理准备：随着四、六级考试改革的深入，会有更多，更新，更难的题目，包括听力题目和题型出现。有了这样的思想准备，一旦出现某种没有预料到的题型，或者是某些罕见的知识点，就反而迎合了我们打硬仗的心理准备。我们就能够真正地在战略上轻视四级考试，在战术上重视四级考试。表现出我不入地狱、谁入地狱的气概。

当然，我们花了大量的时间和精力来复习英语、准备考试肯定不是为收集准考证而来的。所以，一旦在考场中出现一些意想不到的意外情况，我们能够、也必须有处惊不变的能力，及时调整考试心态、从容不迫地应答。须知，四级考试是标准化考试，对于每个考生而言，都是公平的。事实上，历史经验证明：题目要求越是高，难度越是大，考生的发挥余地也就越大。挑战和机遇是正相关的。实战准备

毫无疑问，一个考生的应试水平，其实，也是基于一定的英语基础之上的。所谓弱不受补，任何的技巧和方法都或多或少地需要对于英语有比较基本而扎实的掌握。所以，想要尽快提高自己的应试水平，首先就是要尽快提高自己的英语水平。当然，既然考生的目标非常明确、而且只有一个：四级，那么就应该把有限的时间和精力投入到无限的为四级而准备的工作中去。虽然，同样是测试一个考生的英语语言运用能力，但是国外有雅思考试、托福考试，国内有专业四、八级，大学四、六级等等，她们的考试目的，手段，和评价体系都不尽相同。由此可见，复习四级的最好方法，不过六个字：真题！真题！真题！！可以说，真题的重要性在任何考试中都到了无可复加的地步。只有真题才能够体现出考试的所有特点，四级考试当然也不例外。达成了这个共识，我们就需要解决另外一个问题：如何有效地利用有限的真题。

据统计，保留完整的四级真题不超过三十套，所以，真题的资源是非常有限，甚

天上砍木材团队

至是稀缺的。所以，做真题，不仅仅是一个做题的过程，而且是一个做精做透，精益求精，不断提高的过程。那么怎么样才能在听真题的时候达到以上的要求呢？根据听真题的不同层次，基本上，可以把听题分为以下五个阶段： 1． 初听

众所周知，听真题时的第一感觉是无法取代的。第一次听题，是对考生听力的一次全新考验，所以，大部分考生也非常重视测分。但是由于太重视分数，往往刚听完一个部分就开始对答案，甚至每听一题就对一题的答案。应该说，这样的做法首先干扰了正常的做题程序，而且使考生养成依赖答案的习惯，最后也很难达到预期的做题效果，毕竟，在考场里，考生听题必须一气呵成，在整整二十分钟时间里，根本没有机会休息，更不用说对答案了。所以，第一次听题，最好能够模拟考场的情况，制造考场的气氛，甚至对自己施加一些临考的压力，这样才能够达到理想的听题效果。即使是有个别题目不确定或者没有听清，也必须强迫自己至少在整套真题听完以后再对答案（而不是对照原文），然后再着手寻找问题。2． 听写

在第一遍听题结束以后，考生往往会碰到以下两种情况：一．发觉有些自己犹豫不决的题目猜对了；二．发觉有些犹豫不决的题目改错了。对于这两种情况，考生必须有一个清醒的认识：其实这些题目就像比赛中的机会球一样，做对与否几乎完全取决于运气。所有，无论对错，都应该引起考生的高度重视。另外两种容易被忽略的现象是：一．考生可以在第一次就把握住题目的大意，因此可以比较轻松地把题目答对；二．考生无论如何努力地试图去听也无法把原文中的信息通过听力的手段解构。对于第一种现象，考生必须防止一知半解（只知其一，不知其二），或者是自欺欺人（以为自己完全懂了，其实有些地方根本就没有听到，没有听出来，或者是没有听懂）。而对于第二种现象，有些考生往往就急于求成，在第一时间就翻开原文进行对比研究。这些情况，都是广大考生必须避免的。刚才已经说过，真题的资源是非常稀缺的，因此，在初听之后，考生需要开始一个漫长的细嚼慢咽的消化过程。这个过程，就是做听写练习，不厌其烦地对自己所做的每一道真题进行听写练习，无论对错。这样一来，本来没有暴露出来的问题自然而然也就暴露出来了，本来已经暴露出来的问题则被具体化地落实到了词、词组、和短语等语言基本单位上。如此一来，清者自清、浊者自浊，考生可以从一个非常客观的角度全面审视自己现有的听力水平。3． 整理

当找到自身存在的隐含或者是具体的问题之后，考生就可以开始归纳整理自己在听写中所反映出来的问题了。一般，每个考生的情况不同，因此问题也因人而异。不过有一点可以肯定，如果是小对话题，那么问题基本上可以从单词、词组、口语表达方式、场景及其相关语境词、句型结构、时态、语态语体、和语音语调等几方面进行归类；如果是语段题，那么问题基本上可以从词组、句型结构、语段语篇结构、文章体裁、考点分布、和标志词等几方面来进行归类；而如果是复合式听写，那么问题基本上可以从漏词、错词、大小写、时态语态、数、同音近音词、细节把握、语言归纳整理能力、和句型结构的掌握等几方面来进行归类。通过比较系统地归纳和整理自身暴露出来的问题，考生可以比较一目了然地发觉自身的薄弱环节所在，因此也就有了对症下药的科学依据。而且，考生往往会发觉，由于听力是一门综合性的科目，所以，所谓听力问题，大多数情况下，不仅仅是由于―听力‖出了问题，而且还因为词汇量限制、句型掌握不稳固、语法知识不系统、语言功能掌握不全面、语段语篇理解不透彻等等其它―非听力‖因素而出现障碍。这

天上砍木材团队

样，就要求广大考生能够从自身具体情况出发，结合各种工具书，针对自己的薄弱环节各个击破。4． 跟读

通过以上方法，基本上，考生可以把诗外的功夫做到位，但是如果同学发现自己有些结构看到了就懂了，可是听起来还是很吃力，那又应该怎么办呢？理论上，这是由于考生的视觉和听觉脱钩的关系。也就是说，考生的对于真题的敏感性还没有在听觉这个层次上建立起来。如果说其它部分还可以蒙混过关，那么这对于听力来说就是一个巨大的灾难了。除了极个别题目可以通过选项特征进行判断以外，其它听不懂的题目一般情况下都会牺牲掉，毕竟，四级真题越来越成熟、越来越科学、越来越系统，真题中的迷惑项也随之越来越难以辨别。既然问题是出在―听觉‖上，那么最好的方式就是通过纠正语音来解决问题了。显而易见，听说本为一家，如果考生单纯―听力‖出现问题，那么一般―口语‖也不尽如人意，而考生如果口语水平不俗，那么一般听力也不会差。须知，练习口语和提高听力本身就是个辩证统一的关系，两者紧密联系、相辅相成。对于进入冲刺阶段的考生来说，练习听力，需要不急不徐、戒骄戒躁，既没有时间，不能够从最基本的音标或者是漫无目的地找口语材料进行练习，也不能够急功近利，妄图通过一两次突击就大功告成。实际上，只要有心，考生不难发现：完完整整、踏踏实实地对照听力原文，跟读真题听力磁带五至六遍以后，再回过头来听题，感觉就不可同日而语了。在跟读的过程中，考生切忌贪多，一定要在他人、录音机、复读机、或者其它设备的帮助下纠正自己不良的吐字发音习惯，有条件的话，最好是亲自对照自己的读音和真题读音之间的差别，这样才能够尽快突破语音关，为听力考试打通最后一道关。如果时间允许，考生还需要重点跟读自己在听写练习中暴露出的问题单词、问题句型、或者问题语段结构，在纠正语音的过程中，强化自己的复习成果。5． 背诵

最后的一个阶段，也是最高境界，就是能够对真题了如指掌，做到绘声绘色、惟妙惟肖地模仿，甚至是倒背如流。我们很多教授听力的老师，通过长期的教学实践，已经达到了这个层次，从而对于真题才有不同凡响的见解和分析。不难看出，对于真题越是熟悉的人，无论是考生还是老师，都能够很好地把握听题节奏、做题方法、猜题技巧、从而达到―猛、准、狠‖的最高境界。我们在课上讲授的绝大多数技巧、场景、原则、关键词、特殊句型、甚至是答题的感觉都是以大量背诵作为基础的。一般地说，一个考生只要能够达到背诵考点的水平（与全文背诵相比较还是相对容易的），就可以轻松应付四级听力考试了。毕竟，四级听力考试所能够测试的知识点和考点范围有限，考生一旦能够对所有测试点如数家珍，那么考试本身已经不成为问题了，因为，这时候的考生已经突破了应付考试的层次，真正达到了提升英语水平的阶段了。这听起来似乎遥不可及，其实不然。考生在有一定语感的基础上，通过可以诵读五、六遍就已经能够对测试点有一个基本印象了，然后根据艾宾浩斯的记忆曲线，连续记忆三天就可以过关了。到时候，考生再回首看自己曾经做过的卷子、错过的题，不禁会扼腕痛惜：这种程度的题目我也会做错？ 其它准备

在了解了听真题的各个阶段以后，考生还需要把握复习的节奏。一般，由于四级听力资源的匮乏，考生如果在考试前有充裕的时间复习，那么应该在保证质量的前提下完成复习任务。每个星期的做题量应该控制在一至两套之间，力求听一套、天上砍木材团队

记一套、看一套、读一套、背一套，套套入心。直到考试前一个月才开始真正发力，使自己渐渐进入临考状态，一般以一天一套为宜。如果考生发现自己在听力的A部分或者B部分的后半段明显答题正确率下降，那么就表明：考生在体力方面的准备仍然不充分。那么，考生应该结合自身情况在保证休息的前提下，适当加大听题力度，进行超负荷训练，提高自己考试听力的耐力水平。

然后，我们需要一个切实可行的详细到每一天的复习计划。虽然每个考生的情况不同，本身水平，备考时间，心理期待都有所差异，但是，有一点是共同的：在最后的两个月里，挑战极限、追求卓越，即使是面对绝望，也要在绝望中寻找希望！

其次，也是更为重要的一点，就是要步步为营、一步一个脚印地合理安排备考时间，实施这个计划。一般情况下，我们认为，一天24小时中，有6个小时是英语考级听力的黄金复习时间。这6个小时分别在早8点到10点，中午12点到14点，晚上20点到22点。

一日之际在于晨，拥有清晨日出的人，就拥有一天的阳光。在早晨宝贵的时间里，由于没有前摄抑制，我们记忆能力将达到的高峰时期。而且，作为四级考试的第一部分，听力恰在9点至10点的时间进行答题。在早晨的时间段进行考级听力练习可以达到记忆和调整生物钟的双重功效，可谓事半功倍。

而中午则是大多数同学休息的时候，这段时间里，我们的注意力很难集中。如果在这段时间里进行考级听力练习，其实是对一个考生体力的考验。当然，我们不提倡通宵达旦的题海战术，只是要求广大考生做好打疲劳战的准备。因为考试时由于心理紧张，会加速人体的疲劳，所以，我们必须强迫自己适应在最艰苦的条件下连续作战。然而，考前的休息也异常重要，所以，我们就牺牲中午休息的时间，做一些高强度的训练。

到了晚上则更不待言，很多考生的大部分复习时间就是在晚上白白流逝的。其实晚上的时间没有后摄抑制，也是人的记忆高峰。与其进行其它的娱乐休闲活动，或者背单词背到走神，不如强迫自己反复聆听四级真题、做听写练习，使自己对各种题型、各种考点了如指掌、倒背如流。

其实，在考试迫在眉睫的时候，同学们往往容易进入一种混乱的临考状态。这种状态比较突出的表现是日夜颠倒，该休息的时候睡不着、夜不能寐，可是一拿起书就昏昏欲睡、欲罢不能。尤其是在专业课和全国四、六级考试纷至沓来的时候，很多同学更是发扬连续作战的精神，通宵达旦，头悬樑、锥刺骨，结果影响了正常的作息，反而使自己陷于被动，很难正常发挥。这对于像四、六级考试这样的高强度考试而言是有百害而无一益的。道理很简单，四、六级考试对于一个学生来说，不仅是一次英语水平的综合测试，也是一种意志力、甚至是体力的考验。没有良好的休息作为后盾，考生很难笑到最后。所以，保证充足的睡眠是最基本也是首要的应试技巧。

尤其是在考试最后一天，没有充足的睡眠，考生在考场里很容易出现幻听、重听等现象，严重影响听力考试的技战术水平发挥。须知，听力考试是四级考试中唯一的只有一次答题机会的题型，错过任何一个字都不可能重来。而遗失任何一个考点就等于把考生推上绝路，不仅对本题解答会产生不良影响，更可能引起心理暗示的连锁反应，打乱考生考试节奏，引发多米诺股牌效应，从而棋错一招、满盘皆输。

最后，营养的摄入在最后关头也是异常重要的一环。在保证充分睡眠的同时，食物是另一个―工夫在诗外‖的非考试因素。尤其是参加四级考试的同学，早餐一定要

天上砍木材团队

定时定量，不可或缺。一般来说，类似奶酪酥这样的奶制品外加一杯热牛奶或者热巧克力已经足以提供整个半天考试所需的热量。当然，这也因人而异。对于内火较旺的同学来说，红枣莲心汤就是更好的选择了。有些体质虚弱的同学也可以考虑服用一些如西洋参、鸡精、保健饮料这样的营养品。不过，安眠药或者兴奋剂等有副作用的药物一定要慎用，否则过犹不及。总结

我们说在两个月内完成四级的考级任务并不仅仅是空洞的技巧和捷径，因为任何的技巧都需要一定的积累作为基础，而任何的捷径只是一条比较近的路而已，都是由人走出来的。所以，我们一方面需要放松心态、轻装上阵；另一方面又需要脚踏实地、苦干加巧干。

在具体的复习过程中，我们首先应该对自己有一个基本的认识，也就是说，要了解自己的水平怎么样。当然，如果至今都没有完整地做过任何一套四级真题的同学是不知道自己的水平以大学英语四级的标准来衡量到底达到什么程度的。所以，从这两个月里的第1天起，我们就必须开始做题。每天只需要做一至两套，但是务必做精做透。

这样做，唯一的好处就在于通过试着完整地做历年四级真题，考生就能够找出自己在四级标准下的薄弱环节。找到了这样的薄弱环节，就可以进行有针对性的强化练习，填补自己在知识结构上的漏洞。由于听力考试是一门综合性的考试，考察的不仅是学生的听能，更是学生在词汇，阅读，归纳分析等等方面的综合能力，所以，在听力上有问题的同学，往往问题不仅仅在听能上，他其它部分的答题通常也是差强人意的。但是如果我们能够通过听力找到自己在整个英语体系中体现出来的问题，不管是发音、词汇、语法、还是阅读能力，那么就可以达到一箭双雕的效果了。

当然，四级考级复习是一个庞大而系统的过程。在这个过程中还要注意的一个要点就是要将任务大而化小，小而化了。反复练习考试听力时，不要以整套真题、整个部分、或者整个语段为单位，而是应该以最小的单位进行反复的复习。小对话题至少划分到每一题，语段题至少划分到每一段，而听写题则最好划分到每一句。这样不仅使需要解决的问题变得很明确，而且容易使考生在复习过程中有掌握一个新的知识点或者考点的成就感。

具体的复习过程中，考生要不忘加强基础的训练。把听力原文中有限的生词、词组、语法现象（如常考的虚拟语气，省略，重要时态等）、句型（如建议类句型，附和句型与否定句型等）以及场景都尽可能详尽地掌握。如果连看着原文都不能够弄懂，那么要把原文听懂就更加无法想象了。虽然，自然状态下，人们学习语言是由听力首先入手的，但是作为第二语习得，我们对学习英语大多从阅读开始的，所以如果连阅读也不能够达到四级听力的要求，提高听力水平只能够是空中楼阁、空谈而已。因此，正确的顺序应该是首先利用听力材料练习听力，在无法听懂的情况下对照原文，如果还是不懂，那么就参考译文。接下来，在书面认知的基础上，再循环地进行听力练习。基础不牢、地动山摇，没有扎实的英语功底是绝对不会有听力这个上层建筑的。空着手上战场，只会在痛苦中被消灭的！具体的复习过程中，考生还要克服语音障碍，在实践中加强对单词的语音敏感度的练习。大多数考生记忆单词过程实际上是手眼并用的过程，往往容易忽略对于耳朵的刺激。所以，很多考生反映当看到时觉得异常简单非常亲切，可是听到时就完全不同了。是的，仅凭视觉和触觉记忆，而没有足够的语音信息的输入，加上对不同的语音系统准备不足，会轻而易举地导致熟悉的单词一旦从磁带中放出

天上砍木材团队

来就完全是判若两词的感觉。现在，如果考生再去购买配备磁带的词汇书，跟读、做听写固然有效，可是效果非常有限，原因就在于你已经没有时间再单独地进行语音输入练习了。目前，唯一可行的方法就是反复听真题。这样一来，既能够在有限的时间里克服语音输入的障碍，又能够熟悉四级考题，可谓一举两得。当然，在听音的过程中还必须注意英美音的发音现象。刚才说过，四级是一个混合的语音系统，这就要求所有考生对于不同发音有很快的反应，迅速在两种语音之间自由切换。接下来，我们还需要注意两种比较常考的语音现象：连读和失爆。当然，特殊的语音现象绝对不止两种，可是就像马泰效应所提出的―贫者愈贫、富者愈富‖的理论一样，考过的语音现象总是一而再、再而三地成为考点。仅以连读为例，full up /ful`(p/，office hours /%fi`sau*s/这样的连读已经在四级考卷中屡见不鲜，成为必考的知识点。

具体的复习过程中，考生也需要扩大自己的阅读面。综上所述，今年来的语段和听写题频繁涉及一些自然科学技术的发展以及社会科学中的话题。无论是环境保护、自然生物知识、英美国家人文知识、大学机构介绍、特色服务、还是社会问题等内容都能够在四级听力的试题中有所体现。这样，就要求广大考生对于社会生活的方方面面有一些基本的关注和了解，这种平时的积累有助于迅速熟悉甚至预测听力语段的主题和走向，帮助考生轻松理解原文，根据自己日积月累的常识，对于某些常识题进行预先的判断。这对于考生临场发挥、提高解题自信心相当有帮助。

鲁迅先生说过，世界上本没有路，走的人多了也就成了路。我们要善于在学习实践中发现、总结和运用规律，这样才能够在复习迎考的过程中事半功倍，百尺竿头、更进一步。路漫漫其修远兮，愿以此文抛砖引玉。

第三篇：新东方四级听力笔记

新东方四级听力笔记（非常完整版）

（一）资料的选择：

1、听力原题

2、TOEFL的听力

3、《走遍美国》、《探索》、《国家地理》

听力结构：

Section A：10个短对话

Section B：3个段子；复合式听写（很少考）

类型题：

比如：Would you go to dance with me tonight?去不去干……

回答Yes/No.以及理由。

Would you go with us? Would you join us?

Would you go with me? Do you wanna come?

Wanna come?

应试听力提高的三个层次：

1、听懂原文

2、搞清考题之间的类型关系

3、判断出是什么考题

听力遇到的问题：

一、语音问题：

连读：跟读提高口语，考试时不太重要，注意听重读。

二、态度方向：

测试：I'm upset.× I'm overjoyed.√

I'm beside myself with joy.√ I'm in the blues.×

I feel high today.√ I feel down recently.×

三、口语话问题：

语气（升降调、重读）

例句：Something just hit the front window.What?（什么东西呀？你说什么（没听清）？惊奇，生气。）

例句：He was my boyfriend.考校园生活： 学生：异性（同学关系）、同性（室友关系）

口语词汇

tape 胶带（邮局场景）cassette 磁带

project 作业 =assignment awful 糟糕的

terrific 特棒的 awesome 特棒的

I see.我明白。

I can tell that.我能看得出。I understand that.我听说。

I have got...我有…… have to = have got to(gotta)

be going to = be gonna want to = wanna

tell him I'll take this book.表示买

I won't buy that.我不信。buy=believe

四、场景问题：

1、如何出考题

2、如何判断场景（场景线索词）

例如：book（校内：Libary；校外：bookstore）

textbook, dictionary, magzine, reference book, bibliography

manager, order--bookstore

解题思路：

比如：traffic: traffic jam car: break down

六次课安排：

But题型，三个解题思路（1）场景题（2、3）

段子题、替换题（4、5）复合式听写、实战考题（6）Section A

But题型(3-4个题目）：

but前的话没用，but是关键，but后面的句子是正确选项。

例题：P25-5-Test 1-P100

A)He has some work to do.B)The woman is going to do that.C)His boss is coming to see him.D)He doesn‟t feel like eating any bread today.W: I wonder if you have time to go to the food store today.We have almost run out of bread.M: You‟ d better do that.I haven‟t got my report ready yet, but my boss needs it tomorrow.Q: Why isn‟t the man going to do the shopping?

注：1.第二人的回答都是充满了遗憾。

2.run out of 用完，没有

boor 土人，粗野的人（GRE词汇）

生活中常用的动词非常简单：

take make go win let have

口语中常用短语：

1.mess 脏乱

His dormitory is in a big mess.2.meet = come across = run into = bang into 遇见。

happen to meet 恰巧碰到

3.与动词搭配使用最多的是out，因为out代表一种极端的状态，很彻底。

run out of 用完了

check out 借书；办理出院手续；彻底检查；退房（check in 开房）；结帐离开

wear out 穿破

be worn out（物）破旧；（人）疲惫

make out 辨认出

figure out 想清楚，弄明白

She has a figure that kills.身材很棒。

She has a face that kills.长得非常漂亮

work out 想清楚，弄明白，解决问题；（gym场景）拼命锻炼

help out 帮个大忙

find out 打听，查明真相

dine out 外出吃饭，下馆子

cafeteria 饭堂，自助餐厅【学校的饭菜不好吃】

cook out 在外野餐

hang out 闲逛

turn out(to be)事实证明

[P25-8]

A)He can‟t find his new apartment.B)He had a bigger apartment before.C)He finds the new apartment too big for him.D)He‟s having a hard time finding an apartment.W: How do you find your new apartment?

M: Well, it‟s quite nice really, although I have a hard time getting used to living in a big place.Q: What is the man‟s problem?

注： 1.dormitory 宿舍

apartment 公寓

laboratory

secretary

房子难找；房租贵；房太吵

2.How do you find...= How do you like...3.be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 选项中找be accustomed to doing sth.或adapt

used to do sth 过去常常 选项中找 was always 或找否定句+now

[P28-6]

A)He meant she should make a phone call if anything went wrong.B)He meant for her just to wait till help came.C)He was afraid something would go wrong with her car.D)He promised to give her help himself.W: Could you tell me what I should do if my car breaks down?

M: Well, I'm sure you won't have any trouble, Mrs.Smith, but if something should happen, just call this number.They'll see that you get help.Q: What does the man really mean?

注：谈论车的最大话题一定是坏掉 break down。

[P28-8]

A)He has edited three books.B)He has bought the wrong book.C)He has lost half of his money.D)He has found the book that will be used.M: Hey, Louise, I've got a used copy of our chemistry textbook for half price.W: I'm afraid you wasted your money, yours is the first edition, but we're supposed to be using the third edition.Q: What has the man done?

注：used book 二手书，旧书

对话发生的时间一般是开学或期末。

开学：orientation 新生培训 freshman/ fresher 大一新生

sophomore 大二 junior 大三 senior 大四

期末：考试、突击熬夜、失眠、吃药、抢救

[P30-1]

A)She wants to return the skirt her husband bought.B)She wants to buy another skirt.C)She wants to change the yellow skirt for a blue one.D)She wants to change the blue skirt for a yellow one.M: Now, what's your problem, Madam?

W: Oh, yes.My husband bought this yellow skirt here yesterday.It is very nice, but it's not the colour I want.Have you got any blue ones?

Q: What does the woman want to do?

注：1.蓝色情节

blue 服装最喜欢的颜色

dark blue 深蓝

light blue 浅蓝

navy blue 海军蓝

navy 常用这个词表示蓝色

pink 红色习惯用这个词表示

2.羊毛情节wool

down jacket 羽绒服

[P33-5]

A)It's too windy.B)The people there are terrible.C)The air is polluted.D)The beaches are dirty.W: The place I've heard so much about is Los Angeles.The climate is pretty good.Year-round flowers, year-round swimming.How do you like it?

M: Well, the beaches are beautiful.But the people there are terribly annoyed by the dirty air.I mean, the combination of fog, smoke and automobile exhaust.There is not enough wind to blow it away.Q: What does the man think of Los Angeles?

注：选项B不可能为正确选项。[P36-4]

A)The apartment is better furnished.B)She prefers to live in a quiet place.C)It's less expensive to live in an apartment.D)She finds her roommates difficult to get along with.M: I hear you are moving to an apartment.Can you tell me why?

W: Actually, I didn‟t want to move.It would be more expensive to live outside the college.But I just can‟t bear the noise made by the people living next door.Q: Why does the woman want to move?

住房场景：

1、房难找

2、房租太贵

3、房太吵

注：1.口语中现在进行时表将要

2.must 表猜测

have got to do 表应该，必须

[P36-7]

A)He didn't buy anything.B)He got some medicine for his foot.C)He was sick and couldn't go shopping.D)He bought everything except the football.W: Did you go shopping this afternoon?

M: Yes, but all I got was a sore foot.Q: What does the man mean?

注：sore foot 脚疼

sore throat 嗓子疼

[P36-9]

A)She didn't know her daughter could sing so well.B)She sings better than her daughter.C)She doesn't like her daughter.D)She herself doesn't have a good voice.M: I heard your daughter sing at the school concert last night.She has a lovely voice, I must say.W: Thank you, but I don‟t know where she gets it.Q: What does the woman probably mean?

[P36-10]

A)He finds history books difficult to understand.B)He has to read a lot of history books.C)He doesn't like the history course.D)He has lost his history book.W: Why are you so tired and upset?

M: I‟ve been taking the history course this term.But the trouble is that I‟ll never get through the reading list.Q: Why is the man worried?

作业：

1.paper 论文；newspaper 报纸；文件；纸

research 查询资料（library)

2.presentation 口头报告 = report, speech, address

着装正式；心里感受nervous

interview 面试（也需正式着装）

3.reading assignment 阅读作业

reading list 读书清单

对作业的评价一定是抱怨

写论文的步骤：

1、选题

2、查资料

3、打印

充满遗憾：

谈论交通--堵车；谈论车--坏掉；谈论买票--卖光；谈论接人--晚点；谈论野餐--下雨

写论文的困难：

1、题目难选

2、资料难查

3、打字困难（机房总被占）

typewriter（break down 坏了；ribbon 色带）, printer, laser printer, laptop，三个基本思路：

一、学习话题：学几门课，课程难不难，课的进展，考试如何，作业如何，老师怎样，实验课怎样，图书馆怎样……

回答：基本上都是抱怨

二、生活话题：穷，省钱，购物一定要bargain，带学生证，例如：1.I want to make a long distance call.When is the best time?

例如：2.Maybe I ought to subscribe to the journal.捐献；定购订阅。

Why don't you save the money and read it in the library?

例如：3.A)To wear a heavy sweater to the game.B)To postpone the game.C)To change tickets.D)To watch the game at home.三、混合话题，但忙于学习。

场景题：

选项的特点：

1.地点；2.to do表目的；3.-ing；4.A and B结构，人物关系

提问特点：

What, Where, When, Who

总结重点：

出题思路

判断场景的线索词

例如：fine 罚款（校外交通；校内图书馆）

cashier 出纳（各个场景）

teller（银行）出纳员 ATM(Automatic Teller Machine)自动提款机

[P24-1]

A)He is still being treated in the hospital.B)He has had an operation.C)He‟ll rest at home for another two weeks.D)He returned to work last week.M: How is your father, Mary? The last time I came to see you, you were about to take him to the hospital.W: He came home last week.The operation was very successful.The doctor said he‟ d almost recovered and could go back to work next week.Q: What did the woman say about her father?

注：be about to do 正要做某事

医院场景：

1、医生难找

2、病情如何

3、有病耽误课 miss the class

缺课的原因：

1、生病 get ill

2、睡过头 over sleep

3、traffic（车坏了，或者交通的问题）

医院的线索词：

operation 手术

infirmary（校内）医务室；cafeteria 饭堂；tuition 学费

treat, treatment 治疗（过程）

cure 治愈（结果）

[study, learn;search, find;try, manage]

clinic 诊所

ward 病房

student health center 学生健康中心

medical center 医疗中心

prescribe 开处方；preview 预习；interview 面试；international 国际的

fill the prescription 抓药

refill the prescription 再抓药

check out 办理出院手续

emergency department 急诊室

[P24-3]

A)To meet Tom Wang.B)To work in his office.C)To go to hospital.D)To attend a meeting.M: This is Tom Wang speaking.Could you tell me Mr.Smith‟s schedule for tomorrow? I would like to meet him at his convenience.W: Let me see.He‟ll go to see his doctor at 8, and chair a meeting at 10 in the morning.Well, he will be in the office the whole afternoon.Q: What does Mr.Smith plan to do at 10 o‟clock tomorrow morning?

注：chair 主持

打电话场景：

1、约人肯定约不到 make an appointment（约医生）

2、约会去不了

come up 突然来临

reschedule 重新安排时间

fit me in 安排

3、电话打不通，打错电话

run out of coin 硬币用光 cut off 通话被中断

hang up 挂断电话

receiver 听筒

hook 挂钩

telephone book 电话簿

yellow pages 电话簿

yellow press 色情出版物

dial the number 打电话

打电话步骤：

look up the number in the telephone;

pick up the receiver;

drop the coins in the slot 投币孔;

dial the number you wanted.[P25-4]

A)She was afraid she might be kept too late.B)She would have something more important to do.C)She had to meet a friend of hers.D)She was not in the mood to attend the party.W: Hello, Steve.This is Susan.I‟m afraid I won‟t be able to come to the party.I was justasked to go to a meeting.M: Do come after your meeting, Susan.Our party won‟t be over until midnight.Q: Why did the woman say that she could not join in the party?

注：be in the mood to do sth.愿意做某事，有这种心情做某事

[P25-9]

A)To write a check.B)To find a telephone number.C)To ring up somebody.D)To check the telephone service.W: I‟m sorry, but the number you are dialing is not in service.M: But that‟s impossible.I just spoke to him this morning.Could you please check it for me?

Q: What is the man trying to do?

注：operator 接线员

[P27-2]

A)The woman is being interviewed by a reporter.B)The woman is asking for a promotion.C)The woman is applying for a job.D)The woman is being given an examination.M: Now, I'm going to start off by asking you a difficult question.Why would you like to get this post?

W: Well-first of all I know that your firm has a very good reputation.Then I've heard you offer good opportunities for promotion for the right person.Q: What do we know from this conversation?

工作场景：

1、找到工作高兴

2、失去工作伤心

3、拒绝工作奇怪（主动拒绝令人感到奇怪）

找工作的步骤：

1、信息来源：newspaper 报纸: classified ad.分类广告, help and wanted section 供求关系版

bulletin board公告板

flier 传单

2、打电话确认

3、准备简历

4、面试：携带证明 identification、证书 certificate；确定你是否有资格qualification（be qualified for some post;be up to 胜任）；推荐信 reference letter

[P27-3]

A)His car was hit by another car.B)He was hurt while playing volleyball.C)He fell down the stairs.D)While crossing the street, he was hit by a car.W: Did you hear Mike is in hospital with head injuries and a broken arm?

M: Yes, apparently he was struck by another vehicle and turned completely over.Q: What happened to Mike?

[P27-4]

A)Took a photo of him.B)Bought him a picture.C)Held a birthday party.D)Bought him a frame for his picture.M: Could you help me to decide what I should buy for my brother's birthday?

W: Remember, you took a picture of him at his last birthday party? Why not buy him a frame so that he can fix the picture in it.Q: What did the man do last year for his brother's birthday?

注：提醒模式 remember, first, today, now(right now)

[P31-5]

A)Women's rights in society.B)The woman's job is a librarian.C)An important election.D)Career planning.W: We all talk about how liberated we are, but in fact women are still not equally treated.M: I don't think so.You've got the vote, you've got your careers-I think you've got everything important.Q: What are they arguing about?

注：liberated 自由的，被解放了的

free 免费的（选项中反义替换 pay)，有空闲时间的（选项中反义替换 busy)。

Statue of Liberty 自由女神

[P31-6]

A)She totally agrees with him.B)She thinks it is easier said than done.C)She feels that what he says is simply nonsense.D)She thinks that he is rather impolite person.M: It's partly your own fault.You should never let in anyone like that unless you're expecting him.W: It's all very well to say that, but someone comes to the door and says “electricity” or “gas” and you automatically think he is OK, especially if he shows you a card.Q: How does the woman feel about the man's remarks?

注：fault 过失

针对责备场景：

It's all very well to say that.说起来容易。

It is easier said than done.说起来容易，做起来难。

[P33-7]

A)The woman thanks the man for his efforts.B)The woman thinks that everything was all right.C)The woman blames the man for his absence.D)The woman doesn't think it was the man's fault.M: Look, I'm sorry I didn't turn up for the match yesterday, but it wasn't really my fault, you know.W: It's all very well saying it wasn't your fault, but thanks to you we lost 10 to 1.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

注：thank to 由于

[P44-2]

A)He is not to blame.B)It was his fault.C)He will accept all responsibility.D)He will be more careful next time.W: What an accident!If you had been careful, things would not be as they are.M: What do you mean, it was my fault? If it were, surely I would take all responsibility for it.Q: What does the man mean?

[P31-8]

A)On the 6th of June.B)On the 8th of June.C)On the 9th of June.D)On the 19th of June.M: I'd like to make two reservations on Flight 651 for June 8th.W: I'm sorry, we're booked up on the 8th.But we still have a few seats available on the 9th.Q: When does the man want to leave?

注：1.make reservation 预定，保留

2.be booked up 被定光

be filled 充满了 be full of 充满了

be taken 被占用

机场场景：

1、票已售完

2、接人晚点

3、送人伤感

机场线索词：

airplane 飞机 flight 航班 take off 起飞 land 降落 circle 盘旋

wing 机翼；建筑物的侧楼；博物馆侧面展厅；翅膀

terminal 终端机(computer)；终点站；候机大厅

[P33-3]

A)The cause of the flood.B)The heroic fight against a flood.C)The effects of the flood.D)Floods of the past twenty years.M: This has been the worst flood for the past 20 years.It has caused much damage and destruction.W: Look at the prices of fruits and vegetables.No wonder they are so expensive.Q: What are they talking about?

注：两个选项正好相反，一定有一个为正确的选项。

自然灾害的影响一定严重。

天气一定是极端的天气。

[P33-4]

A)They waited for each other at different places.B)They were both busy doing their own work.C)They went to the street corner at different times.D)The man went to the concert but the woman didn't.W: George, where were you yesterday evening? I expected to see you at the concert.M: Oh, I waited for you at the corner of your street.Then I looked for you at your flat, but the housekeeper said you were out.Q: Why didn't they meet that evening?

注： flat（英）公寓=apartment（美）sneaker 运动鞋（美）

trainer 运动鞋(英）sweat shirt 运动衫（美）

jersey 运动衫（英）corn 玉米（美）

maize 玉米（英）church 教堂（美）

chapel 教堂，小礼拜堂（英）cathedral 天主教大教堂（美）

luggage 行李（美）baggage 行李（英）

bang 头发刘海（美）fringe 头发刘海（英）

[P33-6]

A)In Mexico.B)In New Mexico.C)In the city.D)In California.M: I'd like to make an appointment to see Dr.Smith tomorrow.W: I' m sorry.Dr.Smith went on a one-week vacation in Mexico, and on his way back he'll be staying in California for 5 days.Let me see.He'll probably be back the day after tomorrow.Q: Where is Dr.Smith now?

[P34-9]

A)The credit hours required for an M.A.degree.B)The requirements of an M.A.degree.C)Getting extra credits.D)Taking more optional courses.M: You'll need 36 credit hours to get an M.A.degree.Fifteen must be from the English Department and fifteen from the Education Department.For the remaining six credit hours, you can either write a thesis or take two more optional courses.W: Right now, this is very confusing to me, but I'm sure I'll know what to do as I learn more about it.Q: What are they talking about?

注：M.A.Master of Arts 文学硕士

选课：take, take up, enroll in, register for, sign up for

[P36-1]

A)At home.B)In a phone box.C)In her office.D)In a friend's house.M: Please hold the line, Mrs.Smith.The doctor will talk to you in a minute.W: I‟m afraid I may have to hang up.I don‟t have any more coins and the line will be cut soon.Q: Where is Mrs.Smith most probably?

打电话场景：

1、约人约不到

2、约会去不了

3、电话打不通

电话亭:

telephone box telephone toll telephone booth telephone stand

newsstand 报亭 vegetable stand 菜摊 stands 露天座位

[P36-2]

A)On the west side of a square.B)At the end of a street.C)To the east of the traffic light.D)On the east side of a square.M: Excuse me, but could you show me the way to the train station?

W: Certainly.Go straight until you reach the traffic light, then turn left and you will see asquare.The station is on the east side of it.Q: Where is the train station located?

[P36-5]

A)In a hospital.B)In a library.C)In a travel agency.D)In a restaurant.M: You can get a lot of practice in giving out tickets and handling hotel reservations.Later on, you can take telephone calls.W: That‟s great!Thanks, Mr.Thomson.I‟ll come to work tomorrow.Q: Where will the woman probably be working?

旅行社：

book tickets 定票

make hotel reservation 订房

[P36-6]

A)Customer and salesperson.B)Teacher and student.C)Boss and secretary.D)Guest and waitress.M: Please make 20 copies of this and deliver them to the chief executive and heads of departments.W: Certainly, sir.They will find it on their desks tomorrow morning.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?

注：chief executive 行政主管

chief executive officer CEO

[P39-2]

A)Whether to employ the woman.B)Whether to take up the new job.C)Whether to ask for a raise.D)Whether to buy a new house.M: You know, I‟ m just not too sure if the new salary will be high enough or even the new position is really what I want.Besides, I like the work that I am doing now.W: It sounds as though you‟ve already made up your mind about what you are going to do.Q: What is the man thinking about?

注：take up 选课（take, take up, enroll in, register for, sign up for）；接受（take）

[P39-3]

A)A teacher.B)A psychologist.C)A librarian.D)A publisher.W: I‟m looking for a textbook for my Psychology course.It‟s called “Introduction to Educational Psychology”.Do you have it?

M: Yes, we do.You‟ll find it in Section 24 on the top shelf.Q: What‟s the man‟s occupation?

注：1.textbook 教科书

2.introduction 初级课程

3.shelf 书架

图书馆：

reference room 参考资料室 periodical's room 期刊室 current issue 当月期刊 older issue 过期期刊

back issue 过期期刊 card catalog 索引室，卡片检索

put on reserve 预留

关于图书馆基本思路：

1、想借的书借不到。

2、想还的书已过期。

[P39-8]

A)The woman enjoyed the movie very much.B)The woman saw a horror movie.C)The man asked the woman to be careful at night.D)The man went to the show with the woman.W: I still can‟t get over the show last Saturday evening.I keep having frightening dreams all night.M: So, next time before you walk into a theatre, make sure what you are going to see.Q: What do we learn from this conversation?

注：frightening dreams 恶梦

nightmare 恶梦

考试、交通

对电影的评价基本上是负面的

It's a waste of time.It's a waste of money.It isn't worth the price of the admission.It has got an awful review.对音乐会的评价基本上是正面的[P41-2]

A)It will take about one month to repair the watch.B)The woman should have saved more money.C)It is a good idea to keep the old watch.D)The watch is no longer worth repairing.W: I can‟t figure out what‟s wrong with my watch.It was just a month ago that I had it repaired.M: Don't waste your time and money any more.It's a very old watch and is quite worn out.Q: What does the man mean?

思维：崇尚消费

1、东西坏了，扔了算了，买个新的

2、修不如买

东西方思维差异：

1、崇尚消费

2、提倡个人奋斗：借钱不借；借笔记一般也不借

3、重视钱

4、饮食方面：apple pie 一定好吃（代表美国的传统文化traditional American）

This picnic is as American as apple pie.典型的美式野餐。

apple pie virtue 美国的传统美德

I took the last one and it was out of the world.Even my mother's can't match this.You wouldn't have to force me to take another helping.5、不谦虚 self-confidence

6、表达直接且理性，逻辑严紧

注：1.figure out 判断出

2.worn out（物）破旧；（人）疲惫

[P41-3]

A)Arguing.B)Protesting.C)Complaining.D)Bargaining.M: Oh, what a morning!You know, I had so much work to do and the phone just kept ringing.Three salespecople called me this morning!

W: I know how it is.I get a lot of calls too...even on weekends.Q: What are the two speakers doing?

注：I know how it is.表示同情。

I know how you feel.[P42-4]

A)Families with cars.B)American's heavy dependence on cars.C)Roads and highways.D)Traffic problems in America.W: You Americans are funny!It seems as if you were married to your cars.M: Yeah, I guess that's true.The country is becoming one big highway.I was reading that there are about 4 million miles of roads and high ways in this country now.Q: What are they talking about?

短对话，听到什么不选什么。

段子题：听到什么选什么。

[P42-5]

A)The apples and pears might not be so good.B)The apples are not as good as the pears.C)The apples and pears are very good.D)The apples and pears are as good as they look.W: I intend to buy some fruit for the children.These apples and pears seem to be in season.I'll get two dozen of each.M: I hope they're as good as they look.Q: What does the man mean?

注：1.pear 梨 pearl 珍珠

2.be in season 新鲜

购物场景：

supermarket 超市（便宜，日常生活用品supplies）

department store 百货公司（贵，衣服，家用电器appliance）

[P42-8]

A)Customer and salesman.B)Colleagues.C)Employee and boss.D)Classmates.W: Hi!Jack.I just came back yesterday.Anything new while I was away?

M: Congratulations, Susan.It's said you'll be promoted to manager and become my immediate boss.Q: What is most probably the relationship between the two speakers at the moment?

注：1.immediate boss 顶头上司

2.employee 雇员 employer 雇主

interviewer 面试者 interviewee 被面试者

payer 付款人 payee 收款人

[P44-3]

A)The man is a forgetful person.B)The typewriter is not new.C)The man can have the typewriter later.D)The man misunderstood her.M: Isn't that a new brand of typewriter you are working at? W: Oh, Bill.This isn't the first time you've asked me about it.Q: What does the woman imply?

健忘：

forgetful He is forgetful.Isn't he forgetful? How forgetful he is!

Absentminded slip one's mind

slipper 拖鞋 slippery 光滑的

害羞：

shy embarrassed 窘迫的 self-conscious 自我意识的

keep to oneself keep one's mind/ thought consciousness 意识

外向：

outgoing sociable easygoing

[P44-4]

A)There will be heavy fog in all areas.B)There will be heavy rain by midnight.C)There will be heavy fog in the east.D)There will be fog in all areas by midnight.W: It's nearly 10 o'clock.Let's listen to the weather forecast.M: Here's the weather forecast.Fog is spreading from the east, and it'll affect all areas by midnight.It'll be heavy in some places.Q: What's the weather forecast?

注：1.谈论天气一般极端不好。

2.fog 大雾，浓雾 mist 薄雾

shower 阵雨 pour 倾盆大雨

high wind 大风 gale 狂风

blizzard 大风雪

3.let up 雨停了 clear up 天放晴

warm up 天变暖

4.super hot 特别热 burning hot 特别热

freezing cold 冰冷 icy cold 冰冷

[P45-9]

A)She has been dismissed for her poor performance.B)She has been fired by the company.C)She has been granted leave for one month.D)She has been offered a new job.M: I'm sorry to tell you that you needn't come next week.You know, sales of our company have been poor recently.W: I've always worked hard.Would you be kind enough to give me a month's time so that I can find a new job?

Q: What has happened to the woman?

工作场景：

找到工作高兴 失去工作伤心 拒绝工作奇怪 参见[P27-2]

[P47-1]

A)To change the tennis shoes in the sportswear department.B)To help his friend find the right department.C)To find his lost shoes on the tennis court.D)To buy himself a pair of tennis shoes.M: Could you please tell me where I can find tennis shoes?

W: Yes.You can get them in the sportswear department on the right side of the store.Q: What does the man want to do?

参见[P42-5]

注：department store 一般会分楼层 floor

flour 面粉

网球：

broken string 球拍断线 restring 重新上线

serve 发球 return 回球

forehand 正手 backhand 反手

[P48-7]

A)The environmental problem.B)The health problem.C)The educational problem.D)The international problem.W: I wonder if our children will still be able to breath the clean air, drink clean water and see the blue sky.M: I agree with you.I think it's time man learned to live in harmony with the earth instead of just exploiting it.Q: What are they talking about?

注：in harmony with 与……和谐相处

[P48-9]

A)They think cinemas are too far away from their homes.B)They are disappointed with the films produced these days.C)They both dislike films about adventure stories.D)They both like the idea of going to the cinema at night.M: I used to go to the cinema a lot.It did make a nice night out, but not now.W: No, I don't either.There aren't any good adventurous stories like the movies they made when I was young.Q: What can be concluded from this conversation?

注：1.film 胶卷，电影

2.have a nice night out 在外面玩一宿

[P50-1]

A)Their parents cut back the loan.B)The woman doesn't want Frank to take another English course.C)They can't pay the rent this month.D)The woman's boss refused to give her a raise.W: Frank, we've got a problem.We don't have enough money to pay the rent this month.I think I'd better ask Mom and Dad for a loan, or ask my boss for a raise.M: Well, I don't know.But maybe I'd better not take another English course this semester.Q: What's the problem they are talking about?

[P50-2]

A)Ask Dr.Smith to alter his decision.B)Ask Dr.Smith to call the library.C)Get the book directly from Dr.Smith.D)Get Dr.Smith's written permission.M: May I take this book out? I need it to work on my paper for Dr.Smith's history class.W: I am afraid not.The book has been put on reserve by Dr.Smith.Unless you have his written permission, we won't let it out.Q: What should the man do to borrow the book?

注：1.put on reserve 保留

2.let it out 借出去

let us out 下课

meet 上课

break up 下课；分手

make up 补考；重归于好

flame 火焰 old flame 旧情人

a big date 周末玩通宵

blind date 经介绍的第一次约会

stand sb.up 放鸽子

go steady 正式确定情侣关系

play the field 恋爱不专一

[P50-4]

A)He feels unsympathetic.B)He feels it's a pity.C)He feels it's unfair.D)He feels glad.W: By the way, did you hear that Jack failed the midterm English exam? It' s too bad because it'll disqualify him for next year's scholarship.M: He deserved it.He's never really studied since last semester.Q: How does the man feel about Jack's failing the exam?

注：He deserved it.他活该。

语气词总结：

1、糟糕系列：

It's too bad.What a pity!

tough luck It's really tough.Oh no!Uh-uh

shit fuck

2、吃惊系列：

Boy.Man.Oh my.Oh dear.Oh my goodness.Wow

3、赞美系列：

terrific awesome

fantastic wonderful

cool super cool ultra cool

4、赞同系列：

Yeah.You bet.Ah-huh

5、否定系列：

Nope.6、脏话系列：

dummy 笨蛋 idiot 白痴

moron 白痴 jerk 废物

asshole 混蛋 S.O.B.son of bitch

段子题：忽视题裁，重视结构

一、提前看选项：找出相同词，确定文章讨论范围；找数字，准备记录，听到什么选什么（短对话中数字题需要计算，听到什么不选什么）。

[P28-One]

11.A)They often take place in her major industries.B)British trade unions are more powerful.C)There are more trade union members in Britain.D)Britain loses more working days through strikes every year.12.A)Such strikes are against the British law.B)Such strikes are unpredictable.C)Such strikes involve workers from different trades.D)Such strikes occur frequently these days.13.A)Trade unions in Britain are becoming more popular.B)Most strikes in Britain are against the British law.31 C)Unofficial strikes in Britain are easier to deal with now.D)Employer-worker relations in Britain have become tenser.[P37-Two]

15.A)He has always lived in America.B)He has been in America for three years.C)He visited America three years ago.D)He has come to America to do research on advertising.16.A)There were far more advertisements there than he had expected.B)The advertisements there were well designed.C)The advertisements there were creative and necessary.D)He found the advertisements there difficult to understand.17.A)Be more careful about what they advertise.B)Spend less money on advertising.C)Advertise more for their products.D)Use new advertising techniques.[P57-One]

11.A)About 45 million.B)About 50 million.C)About 5.4 million.D)About 4.5 million.12.A)The actors and actresses are not paid for their performance.B)The actors and actresses only perform in their own communities.C)They exist only in small communities.D)They only put on shows that are educational.32

13.A)It provides them with the opportunity to watch performances for free.B)It provides them with the opportunity to make friends.C)It gives them the chance to do something creative.D)It gives them a chance to enjoy modern art.文章的结构：

1、介绍型文章：介绍新的概念，时间顺序，与众不同。起源、现状、影响（现实意义）。

2、讨论型文章：分析问题，解决问题。

3、对比型文章：对比两种观点、理论，说明现实意义。

二、听两头：开头100％出考题，结尾也非常重要。

听到什么选什么。

1、如果选项短，是细节题，应该边听边看选项。

2、如果选项长，是主线题，应该专注听。

结尾的特点：记重复重现的词；引导结果的连词 therefore, thus, so, as a result, that is，开头结尾一般考topic 题

三、中间应该抓小词

first, most, because, only, just, but

强烈的转折，强烈的因果都非常重要。

四、猜题原则

客观的事实，用常识(common sense)猜题。

歌曲 Sealed with a kiss

Though we're gonna say goodbye for the summer

darling I promise you this

I'll send you all my love everyday in a letter sealed with kiss

Cause it's gonna be a cold lonely summer

But I'll fill the emptiness I'll send you all my love

Everyday in a letter sealed with a kiss

I'll see you in the sunlight

I'll hear your voice everywhere

I'll run to tenderly hold you

But darling you won't be there

I don't wanna say goodbye for the summer

Knowing the love we'll miss

Oh let us make a pledge to meet in September

And sealed with a kiss

Sealed with a kiss sealed with a kiss

注：wanna=want to

gonna=going to

歌曲 Take me home, Country Roads

John Denver

Almost heaven, West Virginia

Blue Ridge Mountains

Shenandoah River

Life is old there

Older than the trees

Younger than the mountains

Growing like a breeze

Country Roads, take me home

To the place I belong

West Virginia, mountain momma

Take me home, country roads

All my memories gathered „round her

Miner‟s lady, stranger to blue water

Dark and dusty, painted on the sky

Misty taste of moonshine

Teardrops in my eye

Country Roads, take me home

To the place I belong

West Virginia, mountain momma

Take me home, country roads

I hear her voice

In the morning hour she calls me

The radio reminds me of my home far away

And driving down the road I get a feeling

That I should have been home yesterday, yesterday

Country Roads, take me home

To the place I belong

West Virginia, mountain momma

Take me home, country roads

Country Roads, take me home

To the place I belong

West Virginia, mountain momma

Take me home, country roads

Take me home, country roads

Take me home, country roads

注：down 往南去

up 往北去

数字题（客观题）：听到什么选什么

中心思想题：文章开头的名词，文章中间的高频词，选项中的小词（development, evolution, formation, invention, new, special, effect）

细节题：first, most, because, only, just

[P28-One]

11.A)They often take place in her major industries.B)British trade unions are more powerful.C)There are more trade union members in Britain.D)Britain loses more working days through strikes every year.12.A)Such strikes are against the British law.B)Such strikes are unpredictable.C)Such strikes involve workers from different trades.D)Such strikes occur frequently these days.13.A)Trade unions in Britain are becoming more popular.B)Most strikes in Britain are against the British law.C)Unofficial strikes in Britain are easier to deal with now.D)Employer-worker relations in Britain have become tenser.Strikes are very common in Britain.They are extremely harmful to its industries.In fact, there are other countries in Western Europe that lose more working days through strikes every year than Britain.The trouble with the strikes in Britain is that they occur in essential industries.There are over 495 unions in Britain.Some unions are very small.Over 20 have more than 100, 000 members.Unions do not exist only to demand higher wages.They also educate their members.They provide benefits for the sick and try to improve working conditions.Trade unioners say that we must thank the unions for the great

improvement in working conditions in the last hundred years.It is now against the law for union members to go on strike without the support of their union.This kind of strike is called the unofficial strike and was common until recently.Employers feel that unofficial strikes were most harmful because they would not be predicted.However, these unofficial strikes still occur from time to time and some unions have also refused to cooperate with the law.As a result, the general picture of the relations between workers and employers in Britain has gone from bad to worse.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.In what way are strikes in Britain different from those in other European countries?（开头）

12.Why are British employers so afraid of unofficial strikes?（most, because）

13.What conclusion can be drawn from this passage?（结尾As a result）

注：Unions do not exist only to demand higher wages.【否定转移】

一个句子中（无标点），如果前面是否定，后面表达的是原因、结果和目的，那么前面的not否定的是句子后面的原因、结果和目的，而并非是谓语动词。

I didn't spend 3 hours repairing your vacuum cleaner so that it could sit in the closet.I didn't teach because it's easy.[P49-Two]

15.A)How to handle spiders.B)Spiders in the United States.C)People' s fear of spiders.D)A special kind of spider.16.A)Most spiders will not bite even when handled.B)Most spiders are poisonous and dangerous.C)Most spiders are likely to attack people.D)Most spiders have sharp eyes.17.A)Because she cannot find a husband for herself.B)Because the female spider is larger than the male one.37 C)Because the female spider often eats her husband.D)Because she is a black female spider.You should not fear spiders because of their poison.Of all the spiders in North America, only one kind is really dangerous and most would not bite even if they were handled.They much prefer to run away or to drop to the ground on a thread of silk.Even so, when a spider runs directly toward a person, it gives the impression that it is about to attack.Actually, it cannot see the person in its way.The spider is too short-sighted to see things at a distance.It only wants to go where it will not be disturbed.In the United States one kind of spider is responsible for the frightening reputation of the rest.It is the Black Widow.So called because the female, which is larger than the male, often eats her husband after making love.The Black Widow is found in all states but is most common in the south and the west.She constructs a loose, irregular web under a pile of rowans or near the foundations of buildings where she is seldom disturbed.She is not an attacking spider and many people have proven this by letting her crawl over their hands.When she bites, it is usually in self-defence.In spite of the stories you may have heard, it is rare for a person to be bitten by a Black Widow and even more unusual for the bite to prove fatal.But remember that her poison is powerful and even though she is shy, she should be respected.Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15.What is this passage mainly about?

16.What do we learn about spiders from the passage?（only, most）

17.Why is the spider you just heard about called the Black Widow?（because）

注：You should not fear spiders because of their poison.否定转移

段子题：

1、看选项：找相同词，确定文章范围；抓数字

2、听两头：中心思想

3、抓小词：细节题

数字题（客观题）：听到什么选什么

中心思想题：文章开头的名词，文章中间的高频词，选项中的小词（development, evolution, formation, invention, new, special, effect）

细节题：first, most, because, only, just

[P29-Three]

17.A)17,000.38 B)1,700.C)24.D)9,000.18.A)It's located in a college town.B)It's composed of a group of old buildings.C)Its classrooms are beautifully designed.D)Its library is often crowded with students.19.A)Teachers are well paid at Deep Springs.B)Students are mainly from New York State.C)The length of schooling is two years.D)Teachers needn't pay for their rent and meals.20.A)Take a walk in the desert.B)Go to a cinema.C)Watch TV programmes.D)Attend a party.Deep Springs is an American college.It is an unusual college.It is high in the white mountains in California not in a college town.The campus is a collection of old buildings with no beautiful classrooms.The only college-like thing about Deep Springs is its library.Students can study from the 17,000 books 24 hours a day.The library is never crowded as there are only 24 well-qualified male students at the college.In addition, there are only five full-time professors.These teachers believe in the idea of this college.They need to believe in it.They do not get much money.In fact, their salaries are only about 9,000 dollars a year plus room and meals.The school gives the young teachers as well as the students something more important than money.“There is no place like Deep Springs,” says a second-year student from New York State, “Most colleges today are much the same but Deep Springs is not afraid to be different.” He says that students at his college are in a situation quite unlike in the other school.Students are there to learn and they cannot run away from problems.There is no place to escape to.At most colleges, students can close their books and go to a film.They can go out to restaurants or to parties.Deep Springs students have completely different alternatives.They can talk to each other or to their teachers.Another possible activity is to go to the library to study.They might decide to do some work.The student who doesn' t want to do any of these activities can go for a walk in the desert.Deep Springs is far from the world of restaurants and cinemas.There is not even a television set on campus.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.39

17.What is the total number of students at Deep Springs College?

18.What is true of the campus of Deep Springs College?

19.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

20.What can students at Deep Springs do in their spare time?

注：选项短，细节题，边听边看选项。

[P32-Three]

17.A)The low cost of its service.B)Its specialization in transporting small packages.C)Being the first airline to send urgent letters.D)Its modern sorting facilities.18.A)10,000.B)35.C)130.D)30.19.A)Because of its location in the country.B)Because of its good airport facilities.C)Because of its size.D)Because of its round-the-clock service.20.A)Its full-time staff.B)The postmen who work in Memphis.C)Students who work in their spare time.D)The staff members of the International Airport.Federal Express is a private airline service which expands the Postal Service in the United States.It is the only U.S.airline specializing in the transportation of small packages-35 kilos or less.40

Federal Express links 130 major U.S.cities and 10,000 surrounding communities.An urgent package picked up in one part of the country this afternoon can be delivered to any other part of the country tomorrow morning.All of the Federal Express jets fly into the International Airport at Memphis, Tennessee, because it is located in the center of the United States.The sorting facility for Federal Express is called “The Hub”.Every night, from about 12 midnight to 3 a.m., the packages are gathered and sorted into shipments for specific destinations.The main labor force is comprised of students working part-time.Since Federal Express started business in 1971, it has flown millions of air kilometers without fail.In the space of one hour, 39 jets will take off to destinations all across the United States.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage yon have just heard.17.What makes the Federal Express so unique in the U.S.airline service business?

18.How many major U.S.cities does Federal Express link?

19.Why do all of the Federal Express jets fly into the International Airport at Memphis, Tennessee?

20.Who comprises the main labour force of Federal Express?

注：1.Federal Express 联邦快递

2.urgent package 快件

[P40-One]

11.A)Because they can't afford to.B)Because they think small houses are more comfortable to live in.C)Because big houses are usually built in the countryside.D)Because they prefer apartments.12.A)Because many young people have moved into comfortable apartments.B)Because many old houses in the bad part of the town are not inhabited.C)Because many older people sell their houses after their children leave.D)Because many people have quit their old house to build new ones.13.A)They have to do their own maintenance.B)They have to furnish their own houses.41

C)They will find it difficult to make the rest of the payment.D)They will find it difficult to dispose of their old-style furniture.[P40-Two]

14.A)They are not active hunters.B)They don't sleep much.C)They are often seen alone.D)They don't eat much.15.A)To catch the birds.B)To look for shade in the heat of the day.C)To catch other animals.D)To look for a kill made by another animal.16.A)They are larger in size.B)They run faster.C)They have to hunt more to feed the young.D)They are not as lazy as the males.[P40-Three]

17.A)Less than 30 minutes.B)From 30 to 45 minutes.C)At least 45 minutes.D)More than 45 minutes.18.A)He should show respect for the interviewer.B)He should show confidence in himself.C)He should talk enthusiastically.42 D)He should be dressed properly.19.A)Speaking confidently but not aggressively.B)Talking loudly to give a lasting impression.C)Talking a lot about the job.D)Speaking politely and emotionally.20.A)Professional knowledge is a decisive factor in job interview.B)Finding a job is more difficult than one can imagine.C)A job seeker should create a good image during an interview.D)Self-confidence is most important for a job seeker.To be successful in a job interview, you should demonstrate certain personal and professional qualities.You need to create a good image in the limited time available, usually from 30 to 45 minutes.You must make a positive impression which the interviewer will remember while he interviews other candidates.The following are some qualities you should especially pay attention to during an interview.First of all, you should take care to appear properly dressed.The right clothes worn at the right time can win respect of the interviewer and his confidence in your judgement.It may not be true that clothes make the man.But the first and often last impression of you is determined by the clothes you wear.Secondly, you should pay close attention to your manner of speaking, since speech is a reflection of personality.You should reflect confidence by speaking in a clear voice, loud enough to be heard, without being aggressive or overpowering.You should be prepared to talk knowledgeably about the requirements of the position you are applying for.Finally, to be really impressive you must convey a sense of self-confidence and enthusiasm for work.If you display these characteristics, with just a little luck, you'll certainly succeed in the typical personnel interview.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17.How long does an interview usually last according to the speaker?

18.How can one give the interviewer a good first impression?

19.What should be the best manner of speaking for a job-seeker during an interview?

20.What is the main idea of the short talk you have just heard?

注：personnel 人事；personal 个人的[P63-One]

11.A)The color of the dog.43

B)The price of the dog.C)Whether the dog will fit the environment.D)Whether the dog will get along with the other pets in the house.12.A)It must be trained so it won't bite.B)It needs more love and care.C)It demands more food and space.D)It must be looked after carefully.13.A)They are less likely to run away.B)It's easier for their masters to train them.C)They are less likely to be shy with human beings.D)It's easier for them to form a relationship with their masters.Most people have had a dog or wanted one as their companion at some time in their lives.If you are thinking of buying a dog, however, you should first decide what sort of companion you need and whether the dog is likely to be happy in the surroundings you can provide.Specialist advice is available to help you choose the most suitable breed of dog.But in part, the decision depends on common sense.Most breeds were originally developed to perform specific tasks.So, if you want a dog to protect you or your house, for example, you should choose a breed that has the right size and characteristics.You must also be ready to devote a good deal of time to train the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs throughout its life, unless you live in the country and can let it run freely.Dogs are demanding pets.Whereas cats identify with the house and so are content if their place there is secure, a dog identifies with its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection.The best time to buy a baby-dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its affection from its mother to its master.If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old, their stronger relationship will always be with dogs.They are likely to be too shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.What' s mentioned as a consideration in buying a dog?

12.Why does the speaker say a dog is a more demanding pet than a cat?

13.Why is it advised to buy baby dogs under three months old?

注：1.demanding 苛求的

2.consequently = so 因此

consequent 最后一个

subsequent 下一个

[P26-Three]

17.A)More jobs could be provided than before.B)More people could be educated than before.C)More books could be printed and distributed.D)More ways could be used to exchange knowledge.18.A)Around 1400.B)Around 1900.C)Around 400.D)Around 900.19.A)China.B)Sweden.C)Egypt.D)Japan.20.A)More and more paper is being consumed nowadays.B)Paper enables people to receive education more easily.C)The invention of paper is of great significance to man.D)Paper contributes a lot to the keeping of historical records.Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man.Wide spread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on.The invention of paper meant more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed.Together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge.How much paper do you use every year? Probably you cannot answer that question quickly.In 1900 the world's use of paper was about one kilogram for each person a year.Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person a year.Countries like the United States, England and Sweden use more paper than other

countries.Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China.In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400.The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant.Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of years.Parchment was very strong;it was made from the skin of certain young animals.We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17.Which of the following is not mentioned about the invention of paper?

18.When did the Egyptians begin to use paper widely?

19.Which of the following countries uses most paper for each person a year?

20.What is the main idea of this short talk?

[P43-Three]

topic 题，四个选项中有and应优先考虑

题型总结：

Section A:

1、but 题型

2、场景题（线索词）

3、替换题（听到什么不选什么）

Section B:

1、主观题（找积极态度，正面评价）

2、客观题（数字题，听到什么选什么）

3、宏观题（中心思想题）

4、细节题（注意中间的提示词）

替换题paraphrase：

1、词组与词的替换（一般题干中出现词组；选项中出现词）。

比如：run into sb.= meet sb.call off = cancel

2、词与词替换（同义词或者反义词替换）

比如：interesting = stimulating；fascinating；exciting；not boring

[P25-10]

A)One.B)Four.C)Five.46

D)None.M: I hope there weren‟t many visitors when I was away yesterday.W: There wasn‟t a single one, Mr.Green.But I received four phone calls before I left the office at about 5:30.Q: How many people visited Mr.Green‟s office yesterday?

注：not a single one = none [P27-1]

A)Read four chapters.B)Write an article.C)Speak before the class.D)Preview two chapters.W: What is the home assignment from Professor Smith? I missed the class this morning.M: Finish reading Chapters 5 and 6, and write an essay based on Chapters 3 and 4.Remember, it's your turn to give a presentation next Monday.Q: What will the woman do in addition to the home assignment for the whole class?

注：提醒模式：remember, first, today, now(right now)

[P28-5]

A)No medicine could solve the woman‟s problem.B)The woman should eat less to lose some weight.C)Nothing could help the woman if she ate too little.D)The woman should choose the right foods.M: What did your doctor prescribe for you?

W: Well, he said there was no need for me to take any medicine if I ate well-balanced meals.Q: What did the doctor say?

[P30-2]

A)It's too expensive.B)It isn't needed.C)A college would be better.D)It should be built.M: The city council has finally voted the funds to build a new high school.W: It's about time they did it.I don't know what took them so long.Q: What's the woman's opinion about the school?

注：It's about time...强烈的主观建议，选项中找should

It's time...It's right time...It's just time...It's high time...[P30-3]

A)Jack sold his car.B)Jack's car was stolen.C)Jack bought a new car.D)Jack had a car accident.M: Last night, Jack left his car parked in front of his girl-friend's house and when he came out to go home, it was gone.W: Wow!That's really tough.He just bought it last month, didn't he?

Q: What do you think happened?

注：1.一个完整的句子加个小尾巴都是反义疑问句，其核心是陈述句。

2.it was gone 不见了 it was missing

[P31-7]

A)To work in the flower beds.48 B)To weed the garden.C)To hire a gardener.D)To clean the yard.M: Your yard is always so beautiful, Cathy.You must have a gardener.W: Oh, no.It would cost at least $ 50 a month to hire someone to do the work, so I do most of it myself.I enjoy taking care of the flowers, but I have to force myself to do the weeding and cut the grass.Q: What does Cathy like to do?

注：weed 杂草 grass 草

[P31-9]

A)The man thinks the woman is wasting her time.B)The man thinks the woman should make full use of her time.C)The man can wait and there is no need for her to hurry.D)The man is eager to know the woman's answer.W: I have to think about your offer.I can't say “yes” or “no” at the moment.M: You can take your time.It will do if you let me know your decision in a day or two.Q: Which of the following is true?

注：1.You can take your time.不着急。There's no rush.What's the rush?

2.do =do some good/ work/ help 解决问题，起作用，好用，好使

[P33-2]

A)It was pretty good.B)It was rather dull.C)It was not well organized.D)It was attended by many people.W: Let's talk about the preparations for the party.49

M: Right.We really need to plan better this time.Remember what a mess it was at the last party!

Q: What do we know about the last party?

注：1.dull（人）笨；（书）boring；（刀）钝 2.mess 乱糟糟

[P36-3]

A)She has to change the time for the trip.B)She hasn't decided where to go next month.C)She can't afford the time for the trip.D)She will manage to leave this month.M: You‟re going to make a trip to San Francisco, aren‟t you?

W: Yes.But I haven‟t got the plane ticket yet.I‟m thinking of postponing the trip to next month since this is the busiest month for the airlines.Q: What do we know about the woman from this conversation?

注：trip 旅行；摔跟头

机场场景：

1、票已售完

2、接人晚点

3、送人伤感

态度方向题 建议题 复合式听写

Section A

1、but 题型（3个）

2、场景题（3个）

3、替换题（3个）

4、态度方向题、建议题（1个）

态度方向（Yes or No）题型

选项中一般有两个相反选项。短对话中第一个人提出一个观点或一个一般疑问句，第二个人的回答Yes or No，后面再进一步解释原因。

表示“Yes”“赞同”的一组词：And...；I'll say；You said it.；You can say that again.；and how；isn't it, though；aren't they, though；You bet.；Of course；Certainly；Indeed；Sure.表示“No”的一组词：Are you kidding/ joking/ serious? No kidding/ joking.Who told you that? Says who/ you? Where did you an idea like that?

第四篇：四级网络工程师笔记

第一单元 网络系统结构与设计的基本原则

第一章 网络系统结构与设计的基本原则

局域网可以分为 共享局域网与交换局域网。

城市区域网络简称为城域网。城域网是介于广域网与局域网之间的一种高速网络。广域网又称为远程网。

计算机网络从逻辑功能上可以分为资源子网 和 通信子网。

终端是用户访问网络的界面。

接口报文处理机（Interface Message Processor，IMP）是路由器的雏形。

构成现代网络系统的基本单元是互联的广域网，城域网, 局域网。

在广域网的发展过程中，可以用于构成广域网的典型网络类型和技术主要包括： *公共电话交换网 PSTN

*综合业务数字网 ISTN

*数字数据网 DDN

*X.25 分组交换网1974 年出现

*帧中继 FR

*异步传输模式 ATM

*GE 千兆以太网 与 10GE的光以太网

20世纪80年代，光波分复用WDN技术已在网络中使用。

应用时推动局域网技术发展的真正动力。

现实意义上的城域网一定是能够提供高传输速率和保证服务质量（QoS）的网络系统。三个平台与一个出口，即网络平台，业务平台，管理平台与城市宽带出口。

网络平台的层次结构：

核心交换层主要承担高速数据交换的功能，汇聚层主要承担路由与流量汇聚的功能，接入层主要承担用户接入与本地流量控制的功能。

核心交换层的基本功能：

1将多个汇聚层连接起来，为汇聚层的网络提供高速分组转发，为整个城域网提供一个高速，安全与具有QoS保障能力的数据传输环境。

2实现与主干网络的互联，提供城市的宽带IP数据出口。

3提供宽带城域网的用户访问Internet所需要的路由服务。

核心交换层结构设计重点考虑的是它的可靠性，可扩展性与开放性。

边缘汇聚层的基本功能：

1汇接接入层的用户流量，进行数据分组传输的汇聚，转发与交换。根据接入层的用户流量，进行本地路由，过滤，流量均衡，QoS优先级管理，以及安全控制，IP地址转换，流量整形等处理。根据处理结果把用户流量转发到核心交换层或在本地进行路由处理。

用户接入层解决的是 最后一公里 问题，为它所覆盖范围内的用户提供访问Internet

以及其他的信息服务。

宽带城域网组建的基本原则：可运营性，可管理性，可营利性和可扩展性。

可运营性:核心与关键设备一定要是电信级的。

可管理性：足够的网管能力表现在电信级的接入管理，业务管理，网络安全，计

费能力，IP地址分配，QoS保证等方面。必须具备IP地址分配能力，NAT。

管理和运营宽带城域网的关键技术主要是：带宽管理，服务质量QoS，网络管理，用户管理，多业务接入，统计与计费，IP地址分配与地址转换，网络安全等。

宽带城域网保证服务质量QoS要求的技术主要有：资源预留（RSVP），区分服务（DiffServ），多协议标记转换（MPLS）。

网络管理：带内（以传统的网络电信为基准），带外（利用IP网络及协议进行网络

管理），混合。

用户管理：用户认证与接入管理，计费管理等。

多业务接入：快速方便提供业务，具有接入新业务能力。

统计与计费：利用网络管理协议（SNMP）的管理信息库（MIB）实现。

光以太网的实现形式：基于10GE技术和弹性分组环技术。

可运营光以太网的设备和线路必修符合电信网络99.999%的高运行可靠性。光以太网的造价是SONET的1/5,是ATM的1/10。

IEEE已经对速率从10Mbps，100Mbps，1 Gbps，10 Gbps的以太网技术标准化了，100Gbps的以太网技术标准正在研究之中。

弹性分组环：Cisco公司提出的动态分组传送技术，DPT。弹性分组环RPR标准的IEEE802.17工作组于2001年1月成立。

环形结构是目前城域网的主要拓扑构型。

弹性分组环RPR才用双环结构，与FDDI结构相同。两个RPR结点之间的裸光纤的最

大长度可以达到100km，顺时针传输的叫外环，逆时针传输的叫做内环。内外环都可以用统计复用的方法传输IP分组，同时实现“自愈环”功能。内外环都可以传输数据分组与控制分组。每一个结点都可以使用两个方向的光纤与相邻的结点通信。

RPR环中每一个结点都执行SRP公平算法。

RPR采用自愈环的设计思想，能够在50ms的时间内，隔离出现故障的结点与光纤段。20世纪80年代，ISDN用一对双绞线实现了传输速率为144kbps，传输距离为6000m的数据传输，它将144kbps分为两个64kbps的交换B信道和一个16kbps的信令D信道。

ADSL技术提供非对称带宽特性，上行速率在64kbps~~640kbps，下行速率在500kbps~~7Mbps。

光纤同轴混合网HFC是一个双向传输系统，光纤节点通过同轴电缆下引线可以为

500~2000个用户服务。

电话拨号上网的速率一般是33.6kbps~56.6kbps。

ADSL数据专线上网传输数率是1.8Mbps，传输距离不超过5km。

电缆解调器 Cable Modem上行信道采用的载波频率范围在5MHz~42MHz，上行

信道带宽一般在200kbps~10Mbps。下行信道采用的载波频率范围

450MHz~750MHz,带宽一般在10Mbps~36Mbps。

现代光纤传输系统单个波长的传输速率达到10Gbps，而密集波分复用DWDM在一

根光纤上课承载64个波长。

OC-3速率为155.520Mbps

无线接入技术主要有：802.11无线局域网（Wi-Fi），802.16无线城域网，Ad hoc。在无线宽带接入网中，远距离采用802.16（10~66GHz）标准的WiMAX技术，可

以再50km内提供最高70Mbps的传输速率，近距离采用802.11标准的无线局域网。802.16重点在局域网范围的移动结点通讯问题，802.16重点在于解决建筑物之间的数据通信问题。

802.11定义了使用红外，跳频，扩频，与直接序列扩频技术，传输速率为1 Mbps或

者2 Mbps。

802.11a 将传输速率提高到54Mbps。

802.11b定义了使用直接序列扩频技术，传输速率为1Mbps，2 Mbps，5.5 Mbps与11

Mbps的无线局域网标准。

802.16是一个点对多点的视距条件下的标准，用于大量数据接入。

802.16a增加了非视距和对无线网格网结构的支持。

802.16和802.16a修改后统一命名为802.16d于2004年5月正式公布。

推动无线网格网WMN发展的直接动力是Internet接入的应用需求。

第四章 路由设计基础

路由选择算法的主要参数：1跳数，2带宽，3延时，4负载，5可靠性，6开销 T1链路的传输速率为1.544Mbps。

路由选择的核心是路由选择算法。

路由表可以分为静态路由表和动态路由表。

自治系统内部路由成为域内路由选择，外部成为域间路由选择。路由协议分为两大类：内部网关协议（IGP），外部网关协议（EGP）。内部网关协议主要有：路由信息协议（RIP）,开放最短路径优先协议（OSPF）。外部网关协议主要有：边界网关协议（BGP）

RIP:一般少于15跳。

OSPF:最主要特征是使用分布式链路状态协议，而RIP是用的是距离向量协议。要求当链路状态发生变化时用 洪泛法 想所有路由器发送此消息，而RIP只向自己相邻的几个路由器交换路由信息。所有路由器最终都能建立一个链路状态数据库，实际上就是全网的拓扑结构，并在全网范围内保持一致。OSPF协议将一个自治系统划分为若干个区域，每一个区域有一个32位的标识符，一个区域内的路由器不超过200个。

BGP-4:采用了路由向量路由协议，刚运行时与相邻边界路由器交换整个BGP路由表，但以后只需要在发生变化时更新有变化部分。

BGP路由选择协议的四种分组：打开（open）分组，更新（update）分组是 核心，保活（keepalive）分组，通知（notification）分组。BGP发言人可以用更新分组撤销它以前曾经通知过的路由，也可以宣布增加新的路由，撤销路由可以一次撤销多条，而增加新路由时，每个更新报文只能增加一条。

第六章交换机及其配置

如果数据帧的目的地址与源地址处于交换机同一个端口号，则数据帧被拒绝转发，交换机将该数据帧丢弃。

（Content-Addressable-Memory）CAM就是保存交换表的一个高速缓存。显示交换表命令：特权模式下：大型交换机show cam dynamic小型交换机show mac-address-table 交换机的四种交换结构：软件执行交换结构，矩阵交换结构，总线交换结

构，共享交换结构

交换机的交换模式：交换机有静态交换和动态交换两种模式。

动态交换模式有储存转发和直通两种，直通交换模式又有快速转发和碎片丢弃两种。

第五篇：新东方英语四级笔记

哈哈噢

2011英语四级考试资料

阅读题和词汇语法题中，有这几个词的选项肯定是答案：在“自然科学”阅读中，有这几个词的选项肯定要排除：在“态度题”中，有这两个词的选项要排除：indifferent作文题目强烈推荐－－－－－“网络的利弊”

词汇：（很有冲刺性）

以上词跟介词搭配必考几道！

bargain（见了就选）except for（个人财物）gap（不足、差距）mark(污点、做标记)mind present（拿出）inquire deliberate advisable accuse anything

需要辨析的：

1.call off 2.adapt to 和 adopt

3.arise 和employer 8.general 和 generous

和 lay（不及物）11.regulate 和 regular

（无目的提供）

过去式；

过去式；、as if、as though、would、should、could、might +动词原型。

2． 非谓语动词：

最常考：不定式 表示主动、将来，通常爱做后置定语；

其次考：分词 现在分词表示主动进行，过去分词表示被动完成。通常做状语。

再次考：动名词 动词名词化，做主语和宾语。

3． 时态：

按出题可能性大小依次为：将来完成时，过去完成时，现在完成进行时，现在完成时，一般现在时。

4． 语态：

肯定考被动。

作文：（肯定是议论文、最有冲刺性）

什么样的英雄是你心目中的英雄（有可能出）

适合才是找工作的关键（有可能出）

学校点名有没有必要

谈一下你对atm机的看法（有可能出）

防盗门窗有没有用

你对打折的看法

演讲稿的开头致欢迎词

独生子女的利弊

个

你怎么看待电视购物，电子购物

网络的利弊）阅读：

必考体裁：

1。美国文化生活实文

提示：1。friend,关于友谊；2。家庭，父母，养父母；3。

2。教育学

提示：1。imitation(模仿)；23。自然学科

提示：读什么选什么。＊只要有 all

出题原则：

1． 转折原则：出现but、2． 原因原则：出现（由于）肯定出题；

3．特征词：best、、all、best、always、never、main、more„than„.as„.as„.42。分清强弱，3。分清主次，4。分清正反，5。分清宽窄，6。分清全偏。＊ totally, compalatly, unlimitely.－－－－－－态度题：

永远不可能为答案的词：indifferent（漠不关心的），subject（主观的）

常选词：

乐观、赞扬：positive（支持），accurate，optimistic（乐观的）

中立： objective（客观的）在自然科学文章中常作正确选项

neutral（中立的）在自然科学文章中常作正确选项

悲观、批评：critical（批评的），negative，pessimistic（悲观的）

出处：1。主题句，2。例证的倾向性，3，修饰语的感情色彩

－－－－－－topic题（1个）：

1． 文章的topic（议论对象、说明对象）必须存在于正确答案当中；

在文章中寻找topic：从前不从后，从多不从少。

2． 排除：文章所谈的细节内容和段落内容永远不可能成为答案；

3． 主题句的出处：文章首句 或 首段末句 或 二段首句。

－－－－－－infer题（1—2个）：

1． 基本原则：从选项当中寻找一个与原文意思最相近的作为正确答案；

2． 从选项下手，运用排除法。

－－－－－－词汇和指代合在一起（出一题）：

1． 指代：在文章中找到位置往前找，离它最近的名词、词组和句子；

2． 词。

（一）听力题型分析

ｉ、ａ节（section ａ）

１、问题类型

ａ、多用来问以下内容：

１）问“what is the man's answer?

what are they talking about?

２）问”做什么“，如：

３）问”“，如：

”，如：

ｂ、ａ节中用提出的问题主要问“对话可能是在什么场所发生的”，即：

where does this conversation most probably take place?

where does this conversation most likely occur?

where are the man and woman?

ｃ、可能问以下几个方面的情况：

１）问钟点（可用替换），如：

man(m): what time did yesterday's football match start?

woman(w): it was supposed to start at a quarter to 7, but it was delayed an hour.question(q): when did the game finally start?

２）问在哪个星期或星期几（后者可用替换），如：

w: i thought to go to town now.i have some shopping to do.m: don''t spend too much, i won''t get paid until next week.q: when will he be paid?

３）问日期，如：

when will the winter vacation begin?

ｄ、用提问的问题可以问原因，也可以问目的，如：

why is the man late?

why did the man repair the car by himself?

w: may i help you ,sir?

receipt.q: who is the man?

ｆ、主要针对以下内容提问：

１）how did the teacher usually begin his class?

how does the man usually go to work?

２）问“对某事的感受如何”，如：

how do you like the film?

ｇ、问“多少”how many persons...?

how much does...?

how old is...?

提问），或针对以上未归纳的内容进行提问。

（二）２、对话

q: when must the man return his books to the library?

ｂ、数字类：包括直接型和计算型。如：

w: do you live in a college dormitory?

m: yes, I do.it's a six－man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.q: how many people share the suite now?

ｃ、地点类：包括直接型和含蓄型。如：

m: i need to cash this check?

w: will you step right over to the teller's window, please?

q: where is the conversation most probably taking place?

ｄ、否定类：

此类对话既可以含有not, no, neither, nor等否定词，也有 but, although等转折词，或由would rather, too...to结构及虚拟语气等表达。因此，对于后者要特别加以注意。如：

m: ann, do you have any extra money you could loan me?

w: i wish i could help you.i went shopping yesterday.now i have only two dollars till the end of the week.q: will the man borrow any money from the woman?

此题的答案肯定是no。听这段话时要抓住I wish I could help you.这一关键话语。这句话虽然从表面上看是肯定式，但却隐含着I'm sorry I can't help you.的意思。

ｅ、人物类：

w: thank you.could i see the menu, please?

q: what's the relationship between the man and woman?

a)husband and wife.b)waiter and customer.c)salesman and customer.d)host and guest.ｆ、活动类：

情况。如：

（三）３、（组）用辨别法答题（解于诸如（我真该待在家里），这句话已婉转地表明他不喜欢这出戏，而对没should have done something这种结构可用来表示“对应该发生而实际上没有发生的事情表示遗憾、后悔或谴责）。能使他产生此感想的原因自然是”the play is boring.“（演出令人厌烦），因而ｂ是正确的答案。否定类题目多含有虚拟语气、语气否定、暗示比喻、强化意见等形式。这一节属于此数字类题目的对话中，多出现两处，甚至三、四处数字或时间，因此，除了用辨别方法外，有时必须用计算方法才能得出正确答案.（四）四六级英语写作类型

1． 体裁：说明文，议论文 最近几年的四六级作文的体裁以说明文和议论文为主。说明文如：how to succeed in a job interview（2000，12，四级）, how i finance my college education（2000，1 四级）, practice makes perfect，haste makes waste（97，1 六级）议论文如：don''t hesitate to say ”no“（99，1 四级和六级）, can money buy happiness（95，1 四级）, is a test of spoken english necessary？（2000，6 四级）reading selectively or extensively?(99，6六级)，do ”lucky numbers“ really bring good luck?(98,6 四级和六级)

2．段落类型：比较/对比，列举，程序等 说明和议论文章所采用的文章扩展模式一般以比较/对照，举例、列举、因果、程序等者居多。如：don''t hesitate to say ”no“, reading selectively or extensively等很多四六级写作中都涉及到两种观点的对比，整体的段落类型为对照型。practice makes perfect, harmfulness of fake commodities等可采用因果行的段落结构模式，也可以采用举例说明的结构模式。advantages of a job interview则应采用列举的段落扩展模式。

3． 出题方式：提纲式写作，中文提纲，一般为三句或两句。如：99年1月份考题directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: don''t hesitate to say ”no“.you

below.1.别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说“不”。2.说“不”时不说“不”的坏处。

再如：98年一月分考题your composition on the outline(given in chinese)below.1.目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake 品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。

（五）论文类的常考思路:

1.题目难拟 2.资料难查 3.打字(涉及词汇:

打字: laptop 手提电脑 坏了

打印: type it out －－摘要: do some research －－【research】 1.论文 2.文件 考点词汇:

演讲 2.应穿着正式的衣服(对话涉及)3.感到紧张(feeling nervous))

租金 fee 杂费 utilities 水电费 postage 邮资 tuition 学费

罚款

餐厅问题的常考思路:

校内食堂 cafeteria

关于make a reseration/book/reserve a table/menu/order/

餐厅:fansy restanrant(豪华的)/meal ticket(饭票)/plate(盘子)/helpings(一人一份)

机场内题目常考思路:

1.票已经卖完 2.接人晚点 3.送人伤感

考点词汇:

board 登机

airplane/direct flight/first class(头等舱)/economy class(经济舱)/seat belt/take over/land(降落)/ wing(1.附楼 2.机翼)/terminal 1.终端 2.终点站 3.后机厅

交通类题目常考思路:

交通阻塞:1.traffic jam 2.back up

罚款(fine):1.break rules 2.go speeding

交通晚点:1.behind schedule = delay 2.on schedule = on time

打电话场景考试思路:

1.要约会的人约不到 2.约会去不了 3.电话打不通或者打错电话

考点词汇:

coin:wrong out of coins －>cut off(被动)－>hang up(主动)－－> slot(硬币投币口)

过程: look up/pick up/drop coin in the slot/dial

医院类的题目思路:

1.医生难找 2.病情如何 getting better/worse 3.2.over sleep 3.traffic jam