第一篇:留学文书个人陈述PS中,最重要的研究能力如何呈现?
www.xiexiebang.com 留学文书个人陈述PS中,最重要的研究能力如何呈现?
不管申请什么专业,有一点是通用的,那就是研究能力,而要论述研究能力,就要提到科学的研究方法,大部分的学科研究所使用的科学方法通常都包含(但不限于)以下的诸多重要元素: 1.严谨的观察; 2.构建假说并验证之; 3.*对新信息的开放性;
4.*自愿接受他人的经过验证的成果;
以上四点,无论在哪个学科里面都会被反复强调。这意味着,在写PS的时候可以强调这些内容:自己所具有的严谨的观察能力;良好的构造假说并验证的能力;思维的开放性,我们要努力使得这些内容在自己的研究过程中充分体现出来。现在我们分别来看一下: 1严谨的观察
““观察能力”:观察限于我们的感官(嗅觉、视觉、听觉、味觉和触觉),或者我们感官的延伸(显微镜、录音机、X光、温度计等等)。如果我们想向录取委员会展现自己严谨的观察能力,那就可能需要展现我们的感官能力很强,或者是感官能力衍生能力很强。什么意思?这样说吧,我们其中肯定有很多同学是化工专业的,如果我们要在PS中写关于使用显微镜的过程,借着使用显微镜这个过程来表现严谨的观察能力,那么其实这里的显微镜就是感官的衍生。
因此我们可以在PS中这样写:“有一天,我通过显微镜发现了XX,我觉得XX跟我课本里的内容不太相符,原来课本中的实验是在限定条件下进行的,而我刚才观察到的XX,是由限定条件改变所引起的,所以根据我的发现,我继续改变课本中的限定条件,进行了多次试
www.xiexiebang.com 验,最后我发现我所看到的XX,和课本上的内容不一致,因此不能用同一个定理来解释,但是可以肯定的是,我的实验和课本上的实验都是正确的。”
如果我们在PS里里面举出这样一个实例,就可以从侧面强调自己具有超强的观察能力。虽然实验结果未必是我们直接看到的,可能是通过显微镜看到的,或者是通过其他感官衍生看到的,但也可以从侧面证明自己具有严谨的观察能力。事实上,我们在人文科学里边所做的调查问卷也是感官的衍生。严谨的观察能力未必是我们直接所看到的事情,也许是自己看到一些别人的数据、数字、公式,我们便觉得不同寻常。其实这也可以说明我们的感官能力强,和别人的不一样。
2构建假说并验证之
假说的能力:假说是可以被验证的对特定问题的可能的答案。一个好的假说必须是逻辑严密的,能够包含现有的所有信息并对将来可能补充的信息开放。
额外注意:如果有多个选择,一定要选择最简单包含最少假设的那个假说。
www.xiexiebang.com 验证假说:假说可以简单的通过收集其他来源的信息加以验证,也可以通过额外的观察加以验证,更多的时候需要通过设计一个实验来加以验证。实验通过再现一个事件使得科学家可以对假说加以验证。
额外注意:我们往往不会接受单个实验的结果,因为那有可能只是与实验变量无因果关系的随机事件。只有大量的重复实验皆表现出明显的因果关系,这个实验才可信。
相比较来说,这个能力对我们的要求几乎是最高的,有能力提出假说的,必然是对自己的专业有相当了解的;有能力对自己的假说验证的,也必然具备一定的研究精神。可是如果我们能提出来,那么我们就比别人的高度高出了许多。3.对新信息的开放性;
4.自愿接受他人的经过验证的成果; 这两个昨天说过了,具体请点击这里 如何将这些科学方法运用得恰到好处
在我们说明了研究的科学方法的四个要点之后,我们来看一下如何行之有效地将这四个要点呈现出来:
1.““事实胜于雄辩”
很多申请者在写文书的时候,都喜欢写自己独到的一面,比如:一些申请者喜欢讲道理,比如说“你知道吗?我什么很厉害……”这样高调地赞扬自己的例子在文书里面是很常见的。申请者在写文书的时侯,尽量对自己表扬自己的例子做低调的处理,写出更具体的东西,就是所谓“事实胜于雄辩”。下面我们就“事实胜于雄辩”讨论以下两个案例: 案例(1):
……我的实验能力很强,我的老师总是表扬我,我的同学们都愿意在做实验的时候与我一组……我想,我独立完成XX理论的XX部分的验证工作,这件事情足以证明我的实验能力……
www.xiexiebang.com 案例(2):
Transferring majors is difficult at colleges in China.You have to be among the top three in your previous major and you also have to pass strict examinations on the subject.I was finally accepted into the Department of Physics at XXX University, one of the best Physics Departments in China.上面两个例子显然是不同的,第一个特别的直接和明确,不断的强调自己试验能力很强。但是所选取的都是比较空泛的事例。
而第二个例子,我们在他的文章中几乎看不到他强调自己学习能力强的词语,他只是很单纯的在描述一个事实,说:“你知道吗?在中国转专业特别的困难,必须是本专业排名前三名的学生才有能够转专业,并且要经过严格的测试,才能转专业成功,我转专业成功了。”这段话先讲转专业很困难,接着说自己转专业成功,进而强调自己的学习能力很强。显然第二个例子更容易说服别人,甚至读者根本都没有意识到他在表扬自己的学习能力强,但是读者却觉得他很厉害。可以说,他很好地运用了“事实胜于雄辩”,因此,在我们写PS的时候,一定要注意描述事实,多写实例,这往往要比我们去说一些空话好的多。2.怀疑主义(skeptism)/好奇精神(curiosity)是引发实例的万能工具
当我们在写文书的时候可能会描述一些例子之类的,那么怎么去引发这些例子呢?可能怀疑主义、好奇精神就是引发这些例子的万能工具。也就意味着,当我们不知道如何引出例子的时候就可以把原因归结为自己好奇。可以说因为自己好奇、怀疑什么,所以自己打算做个试验来验证它,而这恰恰是科学里面最重要的内容,即展现自己的怀疑能力和好奇精神。这里有这样一段描述好奇心的话:
“The word “curiosity” pleases me.To me it suggests something altogether different: it evokes “concern”;it evokes the care one takes for what exists and
www.xiexiebang.com could exist;a readiness to find strange and singular what surrounds us;a certain relentlessness to break up our familiarities and to regard otherwise the same things;a fervor to grasp what is happening and what passes;a casualness in regard to the traditional hierarchies of the important and the essential.” ——By Michel Foucault Michel Foucault应该是法国现代最著名的生物学家,这是他写的一段话,这段话强调好奇心能够引发人去追求很多东西,就是说,好奇心本身不需要任何东西,纯粹的好奇心就能够推动人的进步。
下面,我们来看一个描写好奇心的案例: 案例:...By applying for Ph.D.studies at your university, I am seeking to fulfill a childhood dream to understand and appreciate the wonders of nature.Born and brought up in a small city on the Yun-Gui plateau in southwest China, I was full of curiosity in my childhood as I observed the dramatic weather changes there....上面这这段话在一开始就告诉别人,因为自己的好奇心而促使自己想要去了解云贵高原的天气,而促使自己对所申请专业的兴趣。
3.相比于“给答案”,“问问题”有时候更容易有震撼的作用
在写文书的时候,我们有时候可以去强调自己具备发现问题的能力,而不一定花尽心思去强调自己有解决问题的能力。只要我们具备发现问题的能力,即使提出问题之后解决不了,都是可以应用的,因为很多时候,提问要比解决问题更显能力,而这正好是在写文书的时候希
www.xiexiebang.com 望给别人的感觉。所以希望申请者在文书里面能够在专业领域里,透过某种现象能够看到一些东西,同时提出一些问题,下面,我们来看一个比较经典的案例: 案例:艾智仁的提问
经济学假设“每个人都需要争取利益最大化”,如果有些人是不争取利益最大化的话,(甚至可能的是不知道为什么要争取最大化),经济理论是否还能依旧成立?
艾智仁是比较著名的经济学家,他特别喜欢提问。因为上面的提问,他被芝加哥大学聘请过去担任教授。在他博士后的时候提出上面的问题。在他提出这个问题的时候,正在进行一场经济学领域的讨论会,因为他提出的这个问题对经济学最底层的假设产生质疑,尽管当时他也不知道答案,只是问了这样一个问题,但是却将讨论会的题目推翻了,导致当时的讨论无法继续进行下去。这里,我们足以看到提问的力量是多大。
在这之后,艾智仁又写了一篇文章,专门来回答这个问题,他说,极大化只是个假设,一个人根本不需要知道自己是在争取什么的。适者生存,不适者淘汰,生存的适者应验了争取极大化的假设,理论于是解释了人的行为,究竟一个人知不知道自己为何那样做是无关宏旨的。当然这就是后话了。
第二篇:留学申请文书PS:适合最重要!
留学申请文书PS范文:适合最重要!
申请文书PS的创作,适合的才是最好的,它既不是简单的写作,更不是含糊的照搬。俗话说,世界上没有两片一模一样的叶子,每个学生也都是独一无二的个体,文书当然也应该是独一无二的!无论是PS或SOT抑或是CV,内容一定要有针对性,要以每个学生的特质、背景和经历为依据,文书老师和学生应当面对面一对一沟通交流,深度挖掘学生身上的闪光点,在这个基础上,用行文的创意与技巧去征服国外大学的教授,这样的文书既是贴合学生身份的,又是熠熠生辉的,怎能不被刮目相看呢? 这又岂是那些放诸四海而皆准的文书所能媲美的呢?思为最看不上“一篇打天下”的文书模版,思为只做适合的独一无二的文书,哪怕付出多百倍的努力!
如果说好莱坞星光大道留下了无数明星的手印脚印,那么这份文书就是每位学生通往梦想留学殿堂的星光大道,同样打下了他们深深的独一无二的烙印。
朱同学,本科就读于中国药科大学英语专业,辅修药学的她如何能够敲开了佛罗里达大学博士全奖留学的大门呢?当然,这一切离不开她在申请背后不懈的学术和实践方面的努力,但是这一切努力浓缩在一篇不算长的SOT中却绝非易事,下面就请童鞋们品读朱同学的这篇SOT吧,其中借用乔布斯的“dot理论”真是巧妙至极!
范文:
“Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college.But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward;you can only connect them looking backwards.” When I watched the video of Steve Jobs’Commencement Address at Stanford University for the first time, I failed to acquire an exact understanding of the figurative meaning of the dots in our lives, but now, four years later, when I look back, a map of dots with lines connecting them gradually, and yet clearly, appears in my mindMadison.”
The first dot is about my grandma’s choice of treatment of her liver cancer.I still remember when she was dying,tears sliding down her wrinkled cheeks, she murmured “I should have chosen conservative treatment to die peacefully in bed „I should have„” That unforgettable memory still lingers on my mind and keeps me reflecting on methods of guiding patients to make better decisions, and evaluating the health related quality of life.Therefore, I determined to minor in Pharmacy, to explore the pharmaceutical field furthera fantastic world of science, and gradually I have acquired a thorough knowledge of Pharmacy.Based on the study of Pharmacology, I started to learn Pharmacotherapy by myself, and progressively got to know the corresponding medication therapies to treat and prevent each kind of diseases, and realized the importance of safe, appropriate and economical drug therapy for achieving outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life.During this exploring, I encountered another subject-Social and Administrative Sciences in Pharmacy.Later on, a lecture called “Comparison Study of Education in Social and Administrative Sciences in Pharmacy in China and USA” solidified my interest in this discipline.With the guidance of the lecturer, Professor HU, and through searching information about this area, I formulated a clear vision of the purpose of research in this disciplinethis is the third and one of the most crucial dots on the route of my adventurous voyage.Ever since I made my decision, I have prepared my graduate study in the United States dot by dot.I managed to develop my interest in this discipline without weakening my performance of my major English, and participation in variou activities.I ranked first in the overall performance of my major and minor in Pharmacy, and won the National Scholarship.With regards to activities and volunteer works, student leader forums, English club and summer social practice activities cultivated my strong leadership and organization skills;additionally, debate and speech competitions, and volunteer experience developed my communication and presentation skills, which are my assets that will largely benefit my future study and career development, as well as the graduate program in which I will get enrolled.At the same time, Pharmacoeconomics course and related literature have broadened my insight into Social and Administrative Sciences in Pharmacy.Throughout the process, I developed considerable literature retrieval skills and sharp abilities to grasp new concepts and knowledge quickly.Also, through involving in the Open Experiment in the Enzyme Engineering Laboratory, I learned to be an excellent coordinator, building a bridge between teachers and other research teammates.From March this year, I have taken an active part in the research project on Comparison Study of Chinese GMP 2010 and GMP 1998.During this research I sharpened my analytical abilities, critical thinking skills, as well as built strong team spirit.I will assist the research advisor Professor HU to deliver a series of lectures in our university and pharmaceutical companies.During my colorful college life, I have made a substantial number of presentations at class, department and school levels.And as one of the best students, I have participated in study method seminars for many times to instruct freshmen and sophomores in learning and researching.Therefore, I have the confidence to say that I will be qualified for teaching or research assistantship in my graduate study.Because of the aforementioned skills and knowledge I gained, this month I am participating in the research project the Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation of Diabetes in China, which will pave the way for my graduate research.The further I explored in this area, the more clearly I realized the dire need for talents specialized in Social and Administrative Sciences in Pharmacythis will certainly be a dot on my life expedition.In order to achieve this professional goal, an advanced degree is indispensible, and the Ph.D.program in Social and Administrative Sciences in Pharmacy at University of WisconsinMadison will be the next requisite dot on my pursuit of what I love to do.I sincerely hope that I can begin a social, professional and academic relationship with you;one that is sure to be mutually beneficial.
第三篇:英国留学申请文书之个人陈述PS
作文地带-有翻译、写作团队的英语作文网站
联系QQ:578691213
网址:http://www.xiexiebang.com Personal statement(会计学)模版
A Master’s student of accounting at Xiamen University, the best higher-learning institution in China’s strategically important Province of Fujian, across the Straits from Taiwan, I would like to pursue Ph.D.studies in your distinguished program so that I can be assured a teaching career in my motherland.My education so far is characterized by indisputable excellence.During the four years of my undergraduate studies, my GPA was consistently the highest in my class of 135 students.As you can see from the transcripts of my academic record, I received straight A’s for all the courses except for first-year Physical Education.My graduation was rated “Outstanding”, the highest rating possible.An in-depth analysis of the ethical standards of Chinese auditors, the paper was later published in a quality professional journal as a seminal study of a rarely studied topic in China.As the unquestionably best student in my year, I was accepted into graduate studies by the university without the normally mandatory entrance examinations.In recognition of my academic performance and other strengths, I was decorated with many honors and accolades during my undergraduate studies.I was elected the monitor of the class and the Vice President of the university’s Student Union, making me the most important female student leader on campus.Among the financial awards I won was the Jiageng Scholarship, the university’s most prestigious award named after its founder Chen Jiageng, one of the best known patriotic Chinese in the first half of this century.The Jiageng /scholarship is offered to only ten students each year, and the offer is usually presented to the recipients by the university’s president in person in a grand ceremony, as it was in 1996, when I got it.In my undergraduate studies, I had broad academic interests, although I majored in accounting.I regularly read academic journals, both Chinese and international, to keep me abreast of the latest developments in accounting and other related fields.I devoted considerable time to learning such subjects as law and economics.My extensive knowledge provided me solid grounding as I narrowed down my research interest to professional ethics of accountants.In a country that has only an inchoate legal regime governing professional practice.Enforcing high ethical standards is both difficult and critical.But studies have been scant and haphazard so far.I am glad that I have made quite some contribution to the country’s discourse in this area.My undergraduate studies were greatly enriched with a most rewarding internship program.As a CPA assistant working for the Accounting Firm affiliated to the university, I took part in the auditing of several major corporations.In the process, I learned not only to put my book knowledge in practice but also acquired first-hand knowledge of how Chinese accountants, operating under inadequate laws and regulations, handled difficult issues.Such knowledge has constituted an important part of the basis for my research on the ethical questions of Chinese accountants and auditors.本文来自作文地带团队写作QQ: 578691213 In my graduate studies, I have broadened my intellectual horizon and refined my accounting expertise.The courses I took related to both theories and methodologies of accounting and auditing.But the more significant part of my learning is to be found perhaps not in the courses 作文地带-有翻译、写作团队的英语作文网站
联系QQ:578691213
网址:http://www.xiexiebang.com but in the research projects that I have taken part in together with my professors.I have, for example, helped my professors in compiling and editing a major textbook for the continuing education program of the ALL-China Association of Certified Accountants.The book, Cases of Auditing, has just been published and is expected to substantiate the curriculum of the continuing education program.In my Ph.D.studies, I wish to focus my studies and research on auditing, particularly in relation to audit risk, auditor’s decision-making, ethics of auditing.I am also interested in accounting theories.I heard of Penn State University while I was still an undergraduate student, and I know that its accounting program is marked by selectivity and excellence.I hope that, by studying in your program, I will be able to build on my academic record so far for a promising career as a teacher in China a few years down the road.更多内容请访问:http://www.xiexiebang.com/
本文来自作文地带团队写作QQ: 578691213
第四篇:英国留学个人陈述PS怎么写
英国留学个人陈述PS怎么写
文书材料是申请英国大学比较重要的文件。除了必须提交的成绩单、学历证书以及推荐信以外,几乎所有的英国大学都要求申请人提供个人陈述作为评估申请人综合素质的标准之一。申请英国大学的个人陈述究竟应该怎么写呢?
各个学校所要求的个人陈述的内容基本相同,如解释申请人为什么会选择该校(Why are you considering theOhio State University?);未来的职业规划(How the course you areapplying will affect your career?)等等。
而像一些艺术类,食品科学等专业的申请需要另外提供一封辅助的research proposal,以用来让学校更清楚的认识申请人的学术能力。
纵观英国大学个人陈述所涉及的话题,可以归类为如下几类:
活动、经历(activity/experiences)
动机(motivation)
教育背景(educational experiences)
职业规划(career planning)
而对于绝大多数中国申请人来说,由于中国教育系统所造成的局限性,比较适合中国申请人的话题一般是“接触的人”、“个人兴趣”、“活动经历”。
而具体到每一个申请人来说,文书中最经常提到的内容包括“父母”“艺术类活动经历”,课外活动虽然也是常用话题之一,但由于申请人所参加活动一般都属于统一组织的、具有高度集中特性的活动,例如奥运会志愿者、模拟联合国等等,从个性化角度讲不能够完全反应申请人的特性。学校要求申请人提供文书材料,初衷还是想了解学生是什么样的人。
尽管目前很多国内申请人为了上名校而一味地追求所谓的精英意识,在文书中夸大个人经历。但是对于绝大多数英国大学而言,学校最希望看到的还是学生能够通过大学阶段的学习,成为一个真正的人,能够对社会有所贡献的人,而不是一群能够讲大话的毕业生。
那么怎样交出一份亮眼的课外活动盘点清单才能吸引他们的关注呢?仅仅去参加活动还是不够的,小编这就告诉你如何才能让你的课外经历看上去更加诱人!
避免仅仅只是参与活动:
很多的学生认为他们只要证明他们参与一堆兴趣小组俱乐部,和一些志愿者活动就能帮助他们被英国大学录取。事实上并非如此!请记住:每个人都参与活动当中,当然参加得多比没有活动好,其实每个人都参与了很多活动。
但是,并不是所有人都是在活动中成为专家、大师或领袖,并不是所有人都真正对参与的活动热情满腔。因此,千万别陷入仅仅为了活动而做活动的怪圈,别抱着参与机器人活动就可以帮助你被大学录取的想法去做相关的活动。相反,利用课外活动去发现自己的兴趣和热情所在更加重要。
对自己诚实:
一旦你为自己的未来理想埋下种子,你需要同时开始清除杂草。你应该专注于两三个活动并不是要做十个活动。除非你有无尽的能量和时间,做十个活动也许可以证明你的努力。在两到三个活动中担任较长时间的领导组织者,可以反映活动的真实性和你的个性特点。
当然,进行多方面的探索和尝试没有什么不对,但是这样并不能体现你对活动真正的全身心投入,即所谓的热情和真正参与。
关于课外活动,我们需要记住的是课外活动都是放在学校的背景之下进行评估的。如果你的学校根本没有生物机械工程小组,你的申请不会因为你的活动背景没有生物机械小组而减分。一位名校招生官曾谈到:课外活动都是放在学生所处的环境中来进行考量。
如果你的高中只有200名学生,这样的学校不可能有50个俱乐部让你进行选择。如果你是家里六个孩子中排行老大,你不得不帮忙做家务,那么你是不可能有时间成为6个俱乐部的头儿。所有成功的申请人都是在某个课外活动领域证明了自己,而选择确定这个活动领域取决于你。
热情引领职业方向:
有些活动看上去比其他活动更强,这是什么情况呢?比如,“Dave’s电子游戏俱乐部创始人和主席”和“辩论队的会计”相比,后者一定没有前者能够给招生官留下深刻印象。全身心投入一个对你来说有挑战性的活动,跟仅仅参加一个普通不费力的活动相比,这之间有巨大的差别。
别放弃可能引领自己对未来职业的热情,这些热情可能给你带来惊喜,别看轻你自己。比如对足球的热情可能让你成为体育记者,比如有志于帮助弱势群体也许让你将来建立一个非盈利组织去对抗饥饿,比如喜爱绘画涂鸦让你将来成为漫画博主。因此,为什么不让你的兴趣和热情引领你。
第五篇:申请留学的个人陈述PS
申请留学的个人陈述PS(NB)
极端装B的PS,非大牛不能handle,作者同时被Harvard, Yale, Stanford, Columbia, NYU, Virginia, UCB Boalt, Georgetown, UCLA, BU, USC等录取,所以吧,仰望为主。
全文692词,以39句I...but排比一气呵成。
I am a thinker, but not one to think out loud.I love myself, but am not in love with the sound of my own voice.I want to be loved, but not at the cost of not loving myself.I want to know everything, but realize that nothing can ever be known for sure.I believe that nothing is absolute, but I can absolutely defend my beliefs.I understand that chance is prevalent in all aspects of life, but never leave anything important to chance.I am skeptical about everything, but realistic in the face of my skepticism.I base everything on probability, but so does nature...probably.I believe that all our actions are determined, but feel completely free to do as I choose.I do not believe in anything resembling a God, but would never profess omniscience with regard to such issues.I have faith in nothing, but trust that my family and friends will always be faithful.I feel that religion is among the greatest problems in the world, but also understand that it is perhaps the ultimate solution.I recognize that many people derive their morals from religion, but I insist that religion is not the only fountainhead of morality.I respect the intimate connection between morality and law, but do not believe that either should unquestioningly respect the other.I want to study the law and become a lawyer, but I do not want to study the law just because I want to become a lawyer.I am aware that the law and economics cannot always be studied in conjunction, but I do not feel that either one can be properly studied without an awareness of the other.I recognize there is more to the law than efficiency, but believe the law should recognize the importance of efficiency more than it does.I love reading about law and philosophy, but not nearly as much as I love having a good conversation about
the two.I know that logic makes an argument sound, but also know that passion makes an argument sound logical.I have philosophical beliefs informed by economics and economic beliefs informed by philosophy, but I have lost track of which beliefs came first.I know it was the egg though.I always think very practically, but do not always like to think about the practical.I have wanted to be a scientist for a while now, but it took me two undergraduate years to figure out that being a scientist does not necessarily entail working in a laboratory.I play the saxophone almost every day, but feel most like an artist when deduction is my instrument.I spent one year at a college where I did not belong and two years taking classes irrelevant for my major, but I have no regrets about my undergraduate experience.I am incredibly passionate about my interests, but cannot imagine being interested in only one passion for an entire lifetime.I love the Yankees, but do not hate the Red Sox.I love sports, but hate the accompanying anti-intellectual culture.I may read the newspaper starting from the back, but I always make my way to the front eventually.I am liberal on some issues and conservative on others, but reasonable about all of them.I will always be politically active, but will never be a political activist.I think everything through completely, but I am never through thinking about anything.I can get along with almost anyone, but there are very few people without whom I could not get along.I am giving of my time, but not to the point of forgetting its value.I live for each moment, but not as much as I worry about the next.I consider ambition to be of the utmost importance, but realize that it is useless without the support of hard work.I am a very competitive person, but only when competing with myself.I have a million dreams, but I am more than just a dreamer.I am usually content, but never satisfied.I am a study in contradiction, but there is not an inconsistency to be found.