第一篇：中英俄合同样本
КОНТРАКТ
Номер: ______________ Дата: ______________
Предприятие HGG ОСТ, Россия, в лице генерального директора господина Григорьева И.Л., в дальнейшем именуемое CONTRACT
Number: _____________ Date: ______________
Company HGG OST, Russia, in behalf Mr.GRIGORIEV I.L.herein after referred as the “BUYER” on the one part, and firm
合同
编号：_____________ 日期：_____________
俄罗斯 HGG OST公司，代表：G先生，本合同买方；
有限公司，代表 先生，本合同卖方； «ПОКУПАТЕЛЬ»,с одной стороны, и фирма CO.,LTD, КНР, в лице господина , именуемая в дальнейшем «ПРОДАВЕЦ», с другой стороны, заключили Настоящий Контракт на следующей основе:
Продавец согласился продать, и Покупатель согласился купить нижеупомянутые товары в сроки и на условиях, заявленных ниже:
1.Предмет контракта.1.1.Продавец продал, а Покупатель купил на условии CIF Санкт-Петербург, Россия следующие товары:
-антенны спутниковые 60см, Ku диапазона, 0,6мм толщина стали, кронштейн по чертежу НПП ОСТ, цинковое покрытие всех деталей дополнительно окрашенное порошковой краской, цвет белый(RAL90016);1.2 Упаковка
По 500 шт антенн в стопке в картонной упаковке.В одном 20’ контейнере 6 стопок в 6 картонных упаковках.1.3 Количество товаров: 3000 шт/20’ контейнер.1.4 С марта по май 2008 года отгружается по 1 контейнеру в месяц.CO.,LTD, in behalf Mr., hereinafter referred as the “SELLER” on the other part, have concluded the present Contract for the following:
The Sellers agree to sell and the Buyers agree to buy the under mentioned goods on the terms and conditions stated below: 1.Subject of the contract.1.1 The Seller has sold and the Buyer has bought on the condition CIF St-Petersburg, Russia the following goods:
60cm ku-band satellite antennas dish, 0.6mm thickness, NPP OST stand(support)，Zinc+powder painting+white color RAL9016;1.2 Package:
500pcs dish panel be in one stack and one big carton box.One 20’ container loading 6 stack dish panel, in 6 big carton box.20pcs accessories be packed in one carton box.1.3 The quantity is 3000pcs/20’container 1.4 From March,2008 to May,2008, the quantity is at least 1 20' container each month.1.5 5% less or more are allowed for each 20'
签订以下合约
买卖双方同意以下所述的产品交易，以及双方需要遵守的具体条款：
1.合约内容
1.1买卖双方同意以CIF俄罗斯圣彼德堡条件，买卖以下物品：
-60厘米Ku波段卫星天线 0.6mm厚，NPP OST公司的立柱；
锌+喷粉+白色RAL9016 1.2 包装：
每500面天线装在一个大纸箱里，一个20尺的集装箱柜子装6个大纸箱；
每20套天线附件装在一个纸箱里； 1.3 数量是3000面天线/20尺集装箱；
1.4 从2008年3月到2008年5月，数量必须是每月至少一个20尺集装箱的量；
1.5 每个20尺集装箱允许有5%的数量差异； 1.5 Допускается 5% уменьшение или увеличение количества товаров в контейнере.2.Цены и общая стоимость контракта.2.1.Цена, установленная сторонами составляет: 7 долларов США на условиях CIF Санкт-Петербург.2.2.Общая цена каждой поставки(1 контейнер)составляет 3000х7=21000 долларов США.3.Условия поставки:
3.1.Покупатель направляет Продавцу заявку с указанием количества товаров и датой поставки.3.2.Продавец принимает заявку, направляя Покупателю счет на авансовый платеж.Время поставки: в течение 20 дней с момента получения продавцом предоплаты.Порт отгрузки: по выбору Продавца, Китай
Порт назначения: Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Страхование груза: за счет продавца в размере 110% стоимости по инвойсу от всех рисков в соответствии с P.I.C.C.от 01.01.1981
Расчеты по каждому 20’ контейнеру:
Покупатель выплачивает продавцу аванс в размере 6300 долларов США.Второй платеж в размере 10500 покупатель оплачивает в течении 5 дней после отправки груза.Окончательный расчет покупатель container
2.Prices and total value of the contract.2.1.Prices term: Unit price is CIF SAINT-PETERSBURG USD7.2.2.The total value of each 20’ container is: 3000 x USD7 = USD21000.3.Conditions of delivery:
3.1.The Buyer directs to the Seller the
application with the instruction of quantity of the goods and a delivery date.3.2.The Seller accepts the application, directing to the Buyer the proforma invoice.Time of Shipment: Around 20 days after seller receive the deposit.Port of Loading: Any Chinese port
Port of Destination: SAINT-PETERSBURG, RUSSIA
Insurance: To be effected by the sellers for 110% of invoice value against All Risks as per P.I.C.C.Dated 1/1/1981.Terms of Payment for each 20’ container order:
The buyer pays to the seller advance payment USD6300.The buyer pays the second payment USD10500 in 5 days after shipment.The buyer pays balance payment USD4200 in 35 days after shipment when Buyer see the
2.合约销售价格和销售总额
2.1 价格条款：单价是 CIF圣彼得堡 USD7.2.2 每20尺集装箱的总金额是：3000*USD7=USD21000.3.运输条件：
3.1.买方确定发货数量和发货日期，并通知卖方；
3.2.卖方接受通知，后给买方发送形式发票；
起运时间：卖方在收到订金后20天左右； 装货港：任意中国港口 目的港：俄罗斯，圣彼德堡
保险：由卖方按发票金额的110%投保一切险。按1981年1月1日中国人民保险公司条款执行
每个20尺集装箱订单的付款条件
买方预先支付卖方USD6300订金
买方在海运发货5天内支付卖方USD10500 买方在看到提单复印件，海运发货35天内支付卖方尾款USD4200
买方在收到全部货款后，在3个工作日内把正производит в размере 4200 долларов США в течении 35 дней после отправки груза и получения копии конносамента.copy of BL.本提单寄出给买方； After the seller receive 100 % of payment, the seller is obliged to transfer the BL to the buyer Продавец в течении 3 рабочих дней после получения 100% оплаты обязан передать Покупателю коносамент.Документы:
Продавец передает покупателю следующие документы:
1)Три оригинала и две копии коносамента;2)Три оригинала инвойса;
3)Три оригинала Упаковочного листа;4)Страховой полис или страховой сертификат.5)1 оригинал + 2 копии “Сертификата страны происхождения товара”.6)Китайские таможенные декларации
Условия поставки:
Продавец должен организовать перевозку.После того, как погрузка окончена, продавец должен уведомить покупателя по факсу о номере контракта, названии товара и его количестве, названии судна, на котором находится товар, а также о дате поставки.Качество товара/Приемка по качеству: ПОКУПАТЕЛЬ и ПРОДАВЕЦ несут полную ответственность за проведение контроля качества при взаимном доверии друг к другу.ПРОДАВЕЦ несѐт ответственность за
in 3 working days.Documents:
The seller transfers the Buyer following documents:
1)One set of 3 original + 2 Copies BL;2)3 of Original Commercial Invoices;3)3 of Packing List，4)Insurance Policy or Insurance Certificate.5)1 Original+2 Copies “Certificate of a country of goods origin”.6)Chinese Custom clearance paper
Terms of Shipment:
The Sellers shall arrange the carrying vessel.After loading is completed, the Sellers shall notify the Buyers by FAX of the contract
number, name of commodity, quantity, name of the carrying vessel and date of shipment.Quality of the goods / Acceptance on quality:
The BUYER and the SELLER bear the full responsibility for monitoring procedure of quality at mutual trust to each other.The SELLER bears the responsibility for
单据：
买方需要向卖方买方提供以下单据： 1）一式三份海运提单 +二份副本； 2）三份原始发票； 3）三份装箱单；
4）保险单或者保险凭证； 5）1正2副本原产地证明； 6）中国海关报关单
装运条件
卖方安排载运船只；
卖方于货物装船后，应将合同号码、品名、数量、船名、装船日期以传真的形式通知买方。货物质量/质量接受条件
买卖双方在互相信任的基础上，共同监督质量的生产过程；
卖方有责任保证满足买方要求的产品质量（产
обеспечение качества, отвечающего требованиям ПОКУПАТЕЛЯ, изложенными в Приложении 2, а также за предоставление по просьбе ПОКУПАТЕЛЯ необходимой и точной информации.ПОКУПАТЕЛЬ и ПРОДАВЕЦ заблаговременно устанавливают методы оценки продукции, отвечающие требованиям обеих сторон.ПРОДАВЕЦ должен обеспечивать постоянный контроль качества.Продавец обязан вести документальный учет мероприятий по контролю.Когда товары готовы к отгрузке, Продавец должен сообщить об этом Покупателю и послать фотографии двух образцов по электронной почте.Качество фотографий должно обеспечивать возможность проверить толщину покрытия, эффект цинкования, глянец краски.Разрешение должно быть достаточным, чтобы проверить качество покрытия антенны.ПОКУПАТЕЛЬ может проводить выборочный контроль готовой продукции у ПРОДАВЦА, через своего командированного представителя.Представитель ПОКУПАТЕЛЯ контролирует внешний вид изделий на соответствие согласованному(смотри выше)образцу-эталону.Стандарт проверки продукции:
а)для количества 3000 шт(или немного больше)
-объем выборки: 100 штбраковочное число: 11 и более.maintenance of the quality which are meeting the requirements of the BUYER, stated in the Appendix 2, and also for granting under the request of the BUYER of the necessary and exact information.The BUYER and the SELLER beforehand establish methods of an inspection of
production, meeting the requirements of both parties.The SELLER must control the product quality continuously.And the seller must keep paper record for some control process.When the products are ready for shipping, the seller must inform the Buyer and the Seller must send 2 sample's photo to Buyer by email.The photoes must print the antenna's thickness, must show the effect of the Zn painting clearly.Resolution of the photoes must be clear enought to check the antenna's covering quality.The Buyer can send representative to Seller’s warehouse to inspect the finished product.The representative of the BUYER supervises appearance of products on conformity coordinated(look above)to an approved sample.The product inspection standard:
A)quantity of products are 3000pcs or a little bit more:
-take 100pcs samples from the warehouse randomly;
-0-10 unqualified from 100 pcs samples, the whole products are accepted by Buyer.品质量要求见附件2），并满足买方要求的必要准确信息；
买卖双方应该事先确定满足双方要求的产品承诺的方法；
卖方需始终保持产品的质量；卖方需要对一些控制程序进行纸质记录；
卖方在货物运出之前，以图片形式，给买方提供2套认可的天线样品；产品表面品质和性能不能差于提供的样品；
图片上镀锌和喷涂的最小厚度十分重要；图片的分辨率应该能够允许查看喷涂的质量要求（见附件2）；
买方可以派代表抽检成品的质量；
买方代表监督产品的品质与确认的样品保持一致；
产品检查标准：
A）产品数量是3000面，或者稍微多一点
点；
-从车间随意抽取100面样品；
-如果100面中有0-10面不符合质量要求，买方可以接受；
-如果100面中有11或者更多的不符合质量要求，买方将不接收机此批产品；
or more unqualified from 100 pcs
samples, the whole products are not accepted by Buyer.Китайско-русский перевод при приемке у ПРОДАВЦА обеспечивает ПРОДАВЕЦ.Претензии по качеству/количеству: В случае, если количество и/или качество товара, полученного покупателем в порту назначения, не соответствуют заявленным в контракте, покупатель может подать рекламацию, засвидетельствованную инспектирующей организацией, предварительно согласованной сторонами, за исключением тех случаев, ответственность за которые несет страховая компания и/или судоходная компания.Рекламация по поводу качества товара должна быть представлена
покупателем в течение 30 дней с момента прихода товара в порт назначения, в то время как рекламация по количеству товара должна быть выставлена в течение 15 дней с момента поступления товара в порт назначения.Продавец, в свою очередь, обязан в течение 30 дней после получения рекламации, дать по ней ответ покупателю.Форс-мажор: в случае форс-мажора, продавец не несет ответственности за задержку доставки или недоставку товара, однако он обязан предупредить об этом покупателя по телефону.Продавец должен переслать покупателю по его
Chinese/Russian translation at acceptance at the SELLER is provided with the SELLER.Quality/Quantity Discrepancy and Claim: In case the quality and/or quantity are found by the Buyers to be not in conformity with the Contract after arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyers may lodge claim with the Sellers supported by survey report issued y an inspection organization agreed upon by both parties, with the exception, however, of those claim for which the insurance company and/or the shipping
company are to be held responsible.Claim for quality discrepancy should be field by the Buyers within 30 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination, while for quantity discrepancy claim should be field by the Buyers within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination.The Sellers shall, within 30 days after receipt of the notification of the claim, send reply to the Buyers.The product’s specification must be confirmed by Buyer before Buyer pay deposit.The Seller guarantee product's specification is the same as the specification which confirmed by Buyer.Force Majeure: In case of Force Majeure, the Sellers shall not be held responsible for late delivery of non-delivery of the goods but shall notify the Buyers by cable.The Sellers shall deliver to the Buyer by DHL, if so requested by the Buyers, a certificate issued by the
认可的中文俄语翻译由卖方提供； 品质与数量的异议与索赔：
货到目的口岸后，买方如果发现货物品质及数量与合同规定的不符，除属于保险公司及/或船公司的责任外，买方可以凭双方同意的检验机构出具的检验证书向卖方提出异议。品质异议须于货到目的口岸之日起30天内提出，数量异议须于货到目的口岸之日起15天内提出。卖方应于收到异议后30天内答复。
买方须在付定金前确认产品的特性和功能。卖方保证产品的特性是和买方确认的特性一样。
人力不可抗拒：
由于人力不可抗拒事故，使卖方不能在本合同规定的期限内交货或者不能交货，卖方不负责任。但卖方必须立即以传真或者电报通知买方。如买方提出要求，卖方应以DHL形式向требованию с помощью DHL соответствующий сертификат, выпущенный Китайским советом по развитию внешней торговли и/или соответствующими компетентными органами.Арбитраж: Все спорные вопросы, возникающие в ходе выполнения или в связи с данным контрактом, должны решаться путем переговоров.В случае, если они не могут быть разрешены путем двусторонних переговоров, они подлежат рассмотрению в Китайской международной экономической и торговой арбитражной комиссии, Пекин, Китай, в соответствии с арбитражными правилами.В случае расхождения, оригинальным признается вариант контракта на английском языке.Упаковка и маркировка.Товары должны отгружаться в экспортной упаковке, соответствующей характеру поставляемого груза.Каждый ящик должен иметь следующую маркировку:
-место назначения груза;-номер контракта;-имя получателя;
-описание содержимого;-количество.ПРОДАВЕЦ:
China Council for THE Promotion of International Trade or and competent authorities.Arbitration: All disputes arising from the execution of , or in connection with this contract, shall be settled amicably through friendly negotiation.In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted to The China
International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing, China,for arbitration in accordance with its Rules of Arbitration.In case of discrepancies between the Chinese text, English text and Russia text of this contract , the English text shall prevail.Packaging and marking.The goods should be delivered in export packing suitable for sea freight.Each case must bear the following marking:-the destination-contract number-name of Consignee-quantity
THE SELLER:
买方提供由中国国际贸易促进委员会或者有关机构出具的发生事故的证明文件。
仲裁：凡因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同有关的一切争议，应由双方通过友好协商解决。如果协商不能解决，应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会根据该会仲裁现则进行仲裁。
如本合同中的中文、英文和俄文文本有歧义，以英文为准 包装和唛头
货物的包装必须适合海运出口； 每箱必须印有以下标志：-目的地-合同编号
-收货人的名字-数量
卖方
ПОКУПАТЕЛЬ:
THE BUYERS: HGG OST Address:
Beneficiary Bank:
买方
HGG OST 公司 地址：
受益银行：
第二篇：合同翻译中英
Contract Date : 合同日期
Contract Number : 合同编号
SALE & PURCHASE CONTRACT FOR BRAZIL IRON ORE FINES
巴西铁矿石购销合同
This contract(“Contract”)is made and entered into by and between:
这个合同（“合同”）是由以下双方达成：
Seller :
卖方
Buyer :
买方
Whereas, the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the below-mentioned goods for Asia, on the terms and conditions stated below:
在此，在下述的情况条件下，买方同意购买，卖方同意销售下文提及的货物，：
CLAUSE 1 : DEFINITION 第一条： 定义
In this contract, the following terms shall, unless otherwise specifically defined, have the following meanings:在本合同中，除非另有特指，词语均定义如下，(A)“Ore” means Iron Ore Fines of Brazil Origin.“矿石”指的是产地巴西的铁矿石
(B)“U.S.Currency” means the currency of the United States of America freely transferable from and payable to an external account.“美元货币”指的是美国的自由可转让的且可支付外国帐户的货币
(B)“Metric Tonne or MT” means a tonne equivalent to 1,000 Kilogram.公吨或MT 指的是等于1000千克的一吨。
(D)“Wet basis” means Ore in its natural wet state.“湿吨”指的矿石的自然重量
(E)“Dry basis” means Ore dried at 105 degrees Centigrade.“干吨”指的是105摄氏度干燥后的矿石。
(F)“DMT” means dry Metric Tonne
“DMT”指的是干吨重。
CLAUSE 2 : COMMODITY 第二条： 货物
Ore 铁
CLAUSE 3 : DELIVERY QUANTITY AND DELIVERY PERIOD 第三条 交货数量和交付期限
Quantity :-----WMT(+/-10%)at Buyer’s Option
数量： ___湿吨（+/-10%）-买方意见
Loading Port : Rio de Janeiro port, Brazil(at Seller’s option)
装船港：巴西里约热内卢-卖方意见
Discharging Port :----------/----------port, China(at Buyer’s option)
装卸港： 中国 港-买方意见
Shipment : On or before--------------, 2006
装船： 在 年 月 日 之前
CLAUSE 4 : GUARANTEED SPECIFICATIONS第四条： 质量保证
Chemical composition(on Dry basis)化学成分（在干燥状态）
Fe铁 64.50 %(Rejection below 63.50%)拒绝低于63.5%
Al2O3 氧化铝 2.0% max 不高于2.0%
SiO2 氧化硅 3.5% max 不高于3.5%
Sulphur 硫 0.01% max 不高于0.01%
Phosphorus 磷 0.06% max不高于0.06%
Free moisture content loss at 105 degrees Centigrade shall be 8.00% max.在105摄氏度失去的自然水分含量不能高于8%。
Physical composition(on Wet basis)物理成分（自然状态下）
Size(mm)大小 +10 mm 5% max 不多于5% + 1 mm 80% min 不少于
0%-15 mm 15% max 不多于15%
CLAUSE 5 : PRICE 第5条 价格
US$ per DMT CIF------port, China(Incoterms 2000).The above price shall be based on 64.5% Fe.Rejection below Fe 63.5% based on CIQ analysis report at discharging port and also rejection below Fe 64.0% based on loading port analysis.__ 美元/干吨 CIF __ 中国港口(Incoterms 2000),这个价格是基于64.5%含铁量的.卖方拒装在出发港检验中低于64%的,同样买方拒收装卸港CIQ检验中低于63.5%含铁的矿石.CLAUSE 6 : PRICE ADJUSTMENT 第6条 价格调整
The prices of Ore stipulated in Clause 5 hereof shall be adjusted by the following bonuses and penalties:第5条中合同规定的矿石价格需要被以下方式奖罚调整.ORE CONTENT(Fe):含铁量
BONUS : 奖励
For each 1.00% of Fe above 64.5%, the base price shall be increased by US$ 1.00 per DMT, fractions pro rata.含铁量每比64.5%高1%,基本价格应该提高1美金/干吨
PENALTY :处罚
For each 1.00% of Fe below 64.5%, the base price shall be decreased by US$ 1.00 per DMT, fractions pro rata.But Buyer has the right to reject Ore which is Fe content is below 63.5%.含铁量每比64.5%低1%,基本价格应降低1美金/干吨,但买方有权拒收含铁量低于63.5%的.OTHER ELEMENTS(IMPURITIES):
If the composition of Ore in respect of Alumina(Al2O3), Silica(SiO2), Sulphur(S)and Phosphorus(P)exceeds the respective guaranteed maximum as set forth in Clause 4 hereof, Buyer shall accept such delivery of Ore by imposing penalties provided below, fractions pro rata.如果矿石的氧化硅,氧化铝,硫,磷的成分超过了第四条内容规定的保证值,买方应接受交货.按比例处以(卖方)罚金,a)Al2O3 氧化铝
US$ 5(Five)cents per DMT for each 1.00% in excess of 2.00% 含量超过2%的,每增加1%,罚以0.5美元一干吨
b)SiO2 氧化硅
US$ 5(Five)cents per DMT for each 1.00% in excess of 3.50%.含量每超过3.5%,的,每增加1%, 0.5美元一干吨
c)S(Sulphur)硫
US$ 5(Five)cents per DMT for each 0.01% in excess of 0.01%.含量每超过0.01%,的,每增加0.01%, 0.5美元一干吨
d)P(Phosphorus)磷
US$ 5(Five)cents per DMT for each 0.01% in excess of 0.06% 含量每超过0.06%,的,每增加0.01%, 0.5美元一干吨
MOISTURE : 水分
In the event that the free moisture loss at 105 degrees Centigrade exceeds the respective guaranteed maximum as set forth in Clause 4 here
of, Seller shall pay Buyer half of the actual freight attributable to moisture content over 8% up to 9% including 9% and full actual freight attributable to moisture content over 9%.当矿石在105摄氏度下蒸发的自然水分超过第四条所承诺的最大值时,卖方应赔付买方:
1)水分的一半运费 大于8% 小于等于9%时;2)水分的全部运费 大于9%时
CLAUSE 7 : PAYMENT
第7条 交付方式
Buyer shall open within seven(7)working days after the date of this contract, on at sight Letter of Credit(“L/C”)in favor of Seller providing for payment of the full invoice value of quantity of Ore.The LC should contain the following terms and conditions:买方应在签订合同后的7个工作日内,开可见信用证 信用证应符合以下条款条件:
(i)The L/C shall be issued or transferred by First Class Bank.All banking charges outside the L/C issuing bank including reimbursing charges and confirmation charges are for the account of the Beneficiary.信用证应由一级银行开证并转交,所有除开证行之外的银行费用,包括支付行费用和保兑费用,由受益人支付.(ii)L/C shall allow for 10% more or less in value and quantity.信用证价值和数量应允许10%的增减.(iii)Charter party bills of lading acceptable.租约项下提单可接受
(iv)Third party documents acceptable except for Draft and Invoice.(v)Partial shipment allowed.(vi)Trans-shipment not allowed.(vii)Spelling and other typographical errors are not considered as discrepancies.(A)Provisional Payment
The aforesaid L/C shall be payable against Seller’s sight draft(s)for the amount of ninety-five(95)percent of the CIF value of the shipment accompanied by the documents as stipulated in Clause 8 hereof.The Certificate of Weight issued by SGS Brazil Private, Ltd.(“SGS Brazil”)in Brazil by survey of ship’s draft together with the Certificate of Analysis of sample and of the percentage of the free moisture loss at 105 degrees Centigrade issued by SGS Brazil shall be a basis for the Seller’s provisional invoice for the provisional payment.(B)Final Payment
The balance(+/-)of the CIF value of the shipment after the provisional payment to Seller shall be settled in accordance with Seller’s draft payable at sight together with the final invoice and the documents stated in Clause 8.(2)hereof or by telegraphic transfer by Seller to Buyer in accordance with Buyer’s debit note to Seller together with the documents(except Seller’s final invoice)stated in Clause
8.(2)hereof within ten(10)days from the date of receipt of the said documents, as the case may be.The validity of the L/C should be maintained in accordance with the above.Seller’s final invoice or Buyer’s debit note for the settlement of the balance of the CIF value of the shipment shall be based on the certificate issued by the State General Administration of the People’s Republic of China for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine or its branches(collectively “CIQ China”)as provided in Clause 8 and Clause 9 hereof.If an umpire analysis is required under the Clause 10 hereof, payment adjustment arising from this will be made when the umpire’s certificate is available.If Buyer is not able to submit to Seller the Inspection Certificate issued by CIQ China as per Clause 9 hereof within seventy five(75)days after the completion of discharging, the Draft Survey Certificate of Weight and Certificate of Analysis at loading port shall be the base of the final invoice or debit note.If the cargo is rejected based on CIQ analysis report Seller shall refund the amount vide Clause 7(A)Provisional Payment, within 30 days after the receipt of the CIQ analysis report.Buyer’s banking details:
Bank Name :
Bank Address :
Seller’s bank details:
Bank Name :
Bank Address :
第三篇：赴俄劳务合同协议书
赴俄劳务合同协议书
甲方招聘出国蔬菜种植劳务人员，经与乙方协商达成以下协议：
一、甲方要求乙方无高血压、心脏病以及各项传染病，如有隐瞒病情的，出国后，所发生的一切后果由乙方自己承担。
二、甲方为乙方提供大棚以及农用工具，包括出国的车票、吃、住等费用。
三、乙方在国外的个人用品以及零食、烟等都由乙方自己承担，甲方可以先给乙方垫付，到领工资的时候一起扣除（除酒类不给买）。
四、乙方出国务农7－8个月，保底工资25000元，每个人必须承包3亩地大棚，如果产量比月工资高的话，那就按产量结算工资，如果按产量结算的话，先期毛子工按3000元每个月，每公斤7角钱。
五、每个人所承包的大棚，如果没有按季节完成田间管理的，给甲方造成损失的，甲方给雇工，雇工的工资应从乙方工资扣除。
六、不管是新工人还是老人工，必须听从技术员的安排。
七、不管因为什么原因，中途回家者，应付甲方损失费5万元整。
八、如果在工作时间，所发生的工伤，不管大小事故，按责任划分，由甲乙双方承担。
九、乙方从签合同之日起，如有反悔不去的，应付甲方损失费共计贰万伍仟元整，（包括：邀请函、公证费、艾检报告、签证等一切费用）。
十、自甲方通知乙方哪天开始出国，乙方必须听从甲方通知，不得有误，以上条例甲乙双方必须严格遵守，如有违约，此合同从双方签字之日起具有法律效力。
十一、如因甲方原因造成的乙方中途回国的，工资由甲方负责，保底工资照开。
十二、每个工人临走之前预付壹万伍仟元。
甲方签字：
乙方签字：
年月日
第四篇：融资合同中英双语
THIS AGREEMENT entered into this [] day of September, 2012 by and between A
(“Consultant”)having offices located in New York, and [].(the “Company”)having offices located at, [in China].本协议是2012年9月订立的协议，是由办事处设在纽约的展望资本风险投资公司（“顾问公
司”），与办事处设在中国的“融资公司”之间签订。
WHEREAS, the Company desires to obtain financing by the pledge of certain of its
assets;and
鉴于，融资公司希望用其若干资产来抵押取得融资;并且
WHEREAS, the Company has requested Consultant to seek Lenders that may offer to
provide this financing for the Company;and
鉴于，融资公司已要求顾问公司寻求可向融资公司提供融资的贷款人；
WHEREAS, The Company hereby engages and authorizes Consultantas itsauthorized agent to develop and secure debt financing of all or a portion of the Company Assets, including ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE / PURCHASE ORDERS / MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT / INVENTORY.Consultant will use its best efforts to secure and provide financing of the Company’s Assets through Consultant’s funding sources.鉴于，融资公司现认可和授权顾问公司作为其代理人发展和保护融资公司的全部或部分资产债务，包括应收账款/采购订单/机械及设备/库存的债务,顾问公司会尽其最大的努力，以确保与通过顾问公司的资金来源为融资公司的资产进行融资。
WHEREAS, This Agreement shall have an exclusive term of 120 days from the date of the receipt of any and all documentation that the Company can disclose as requested by Consultant or the proposed Lender or Investor(“Funding Source”).It remains the responsibility of the Company to provide the documentation requested on a commercially reasonable basis, understanding that the timeliness and receipt of such data is crucial to the
development of a prudent lending facility or funding source for the Company.Subsequent to this period of time and based on the successful funding by a Consultant Lender accepted and received by the Company, the Company will provide to Consultant a Right of First Refusal(ROFR)on any additional debt funding requirement for a period equal to the Initial Term of the original facility, that term is not to exceed a three year term.The Company agrees not to engage with another Financing Agent during the 120 Day period as detailed above.This agreement shall apply for any Investment made by a Funding Source during a period of one year from the date of such introduction and any Investment made pursuant to any commitment made by, or any right, option or warrant to make an Investment granted to, a Funding Source within one year after the date of such introduction.鉴于，本协议按照顾问公司或贷款人或投资者（“资金来源”）的要求，从顾问公司收到的任何或所有文件开始算起，应当有一个专属期限为120天的封闭期，此时间过后，融资公司才可以再将这些文件对外披露。融资公司在商业合理的基础上有责任提供要求的文件，了解这些数据的及时性和获得数据对审慎的贷款机构或融资公司的资金来源工作的发展是至关重要的。在这一段 时间的基础上，顾问公司成功获得贷款人
并被融资公司接受后，在融资公司获得资金后，对任何额外的债务融资要求，这些额外要求的开始期限等于初始贷款机构进入的时限，将提供顾问公司优先购买权（ROFR），这个贷款时限是不超过3年的期限。融资公司同意不得从事与另一融资代理进行联系，细节如上规定封闭期
在120天。本协定应适用于来自资金来源的任何一年期间的投资，从引进之日起，所作出的任何承诺和任何投资，或拥有任何权利，或者这样引进后一年内的新的资金来源。
WHEREAS, Consultant has agreed to search for a loan or loans, or other forms of
financing from a Lender(hereinafter referred to as “Lending Facility”)or financing sources for the Company;
鉴于，顾问公司已同意为融资公司找到一笔贷款或贷款，从贷款人（以下简称“贷款融资”）或融资公司的融资渠道进行。
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and the mutual agreement
contained herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties do hereby agree as follows:
因此，由现在的承诺和相互协议所含内容的考虑，以及其他有益且有价值的考虑，在收到并足够的予以承认后，双方在此达成如下协议：
1.The Company hereby engages Consultant as its authorized agent under the Terms
described above, to locate and develop a financing source or Lending Facility.融资公司现授权顾问公司作为其授权代理，根据上述所列条款，定位和发展融资渠道或贷款基金。
2.The Company acknowledges that Consultant will use letters, contracts, data records,projections, forecasts and financial statements provided by the Company(“Company
Information”)to assist Consultant its search for a Lending Facility.The Company agrees to hold Consultant harmless from any and all claims that may arise from Consultant’s use of Company Information to the extent that such claims arise based upon any material misrepresentation or inaccuracy contained therein.融资公司确认，顾问公司将使用融资公司（“公司信息”）所提供的信件，合同，数据记录，预测，预报和财务报表协助顾问公司寻找贷款融资机构。融资公司同意顾问公司在使用融资公司信息过程中，由于所承载信息的任何重大失实陈述或不准确的程度可能出现问题，顾问公司免受任何及所有索赔。
3.Consultant acknowledges that the Company information is confidential and hereby agrees not to disclose such information to any individual, company or entity that might be a competitor of the Company.Furthermore, Consultant agrees to require its agents, assigns, and Consultant’s funding sources to not disclose any company information to any individual, company, or entity that might be a competitor of the Company.Any company information provided by Consultant to Consultant’s Funding Sources is to be used only for the purpose of deciding if a Lending Facility or equity investment should be granted to the Company.顾问公司承认，融资公司的信息是保密的，并在此同意不对任何个人，公司或实体，可能是竞争对手的公司披露这样的信息。此外，顾问公司同意要求其代理人，受让人和顾问资金来源对任何个人，公司或实体，可能是竞争对手的公司不透露任何信息。任何由顾问公司提供给顾问资金来源的信息，将只用于决定借贷机构或股权投资是否授予融资公司的贷款的目的。
The Company grants to Consultant restricted access to any and all Company financial data, including but not limited to books, records, financial statements etc…The Company hereby agrees to provide such data toConsultant on a
commercially reasonable basis.The Company agrees to provide to Consultant the financial data that the Company provides to a Consultant Funding Source.融资公司财务数据：融资公司授予顾问公司的准入限制级获取融资公司的任何及所有财务数
据，包括但不限于书籍，记录，财务报表等...在商业上合理的基础上，融资公司特此同意向顾问提供
此类数据。融资公司同意向顾问公司提供财务数据，这些数据是融资公司提供给顾问资金来源的数据。
5.Consultant’s Funding Sources are a valuable asset of
Consultant.The Company acknowledges that Consultant’s Funding Sources have been
developed at considerable cost of time, effort, and resources, and as such, are fundamental to Consultant’s livelihood and future.Accordingly, the Company agrees not to make direct or indirect contact with any Consultant’s funding sources except through Consultant.The
Company further agrees not to disclose the names of Consultant’s deal funding sources to any third party.This non-circumvention clause will remain in effect for THREE(3)YEARS.非规避：顾问公司的资金来源是其一笔宝贵的财富。融资公司认可顾问公司的资金来源的发展是花费了相当的时间，精力，成本和资源，正因为如此，是顾问公司的生命线和未来。因此，融资公司同意不直接或间接接触任何通过咨询顾问以外的资金来源。融资公司还同意不向任何第三方透露成交的顾问来源资金的姓名。这里启用的非规避条款，有效期限在三（3）年。
6.Consultant agrees to present each lending facility or investment proposal it may
develop to the Company for discussion and approval.The Company retains the sole right to accept or reject any proposals submitted to the Company by Consultant or Consultant’s funding sources.顾问公司同意向融资公司呈报各贷款机构或投资机构的建议作为讨论和批准的依据。融资
公司保留唯一有权接受或拒绝由顾问或顾问公司的资金来源提交给其的任何建议。
7.补偿
a)The Company agrees to pay Consultant a fee of Four(4)PERCENT of the total
Lending Facility(CREDIT LINE)developed by Consultant and accepted by the Company(“Fee”).The fee shall be based on the total of all facilities offered to and accepted by the
Company.This fee shall be due and payable to Consultant only upon the successful completion and funding of a lending facility developed by Consultant and accepted by the Company.The entire fee shall be due and payable upon funding of a lending facility from Consultant’s lending source or the Company.Company agrees that the Consultant’s lending source that funds a lending facility for the Company will be instructed through the use of an intermediary bank account or escrow, or instructing the Lender to pay Consultant’s fee directly by wire transfer to Consultant from the initial proceeds of the lending facility.融资公司同意支付给顾问公司发展的并且被公司所承认的借贷总量总数的4% 为佣金。佣金以
所提供的所有的并被公司承认的贷款量为基础。只有成功的完成一个借贷，顾问公司才可以拿到佣金。只有是在融资公司或顾问公司的资源之上形成的借贷关系，顾问公司才能拿到佣金。融资公司同意顾问公司的借贷资源，为公司形成的一个借贷必须在使用一个中间银行账户或契约的指导下所支持，或者指导借贷方通过电汇的形式在借贷形成的最初阶段直接给顾问资金。
CREDIT LINE INCREASES:Should the Company receive additional or incremental Credit Line increases beyond the initial loan facility within a Two(2)year period from the initial
funding date, Consultant shall be entitled to and receive THREE QUARTERS(equal to 75% of the Original Commission Fee Percentage)commission(Fee)on the increased amount as described above, within Ten(10)days of the additional funding being completed.信贷额度增加：如果公司在最初的资金日签署的两年内收到额外的增长额，那么顾问公司有权利取得额外增长额佣金的75%作为佣金（等于原来佣金率的75%），在额外增长额完成的10天之内顾问公司就应该拿到佣金。
8.Commitment within the first two years of the original Term, the Borrower will then be obligated to pay to Consultant.a sum equal to ONEQUARTER(equal to 25%)the fee described in the Compensation Paragraph.Upon the completion of the funding, this fee shall be payable to Consultant whether the loan is drawn upon within 10 business days.The Borrower agrees to provide Consultant with copies of all correspondence between themselves and the Lender regarding the loan renewal.如果借方和贷方在原始条款的第一个前两年里继续贷款协议，那么借方有义务支付顾问公司总值为上面提到的佣金的25%为佣金，当资金完成落实后，佣金会支付给顾问公司，无论贷款是否在10个工作日内被提走。借方同意给顾问公司提供所有在借方和贷方就贷款继续协议所产生的所有书信往来。
9.Should Consultant develop a debt facility with another Lender, a different entity
entirely(not in any relationship whatsoever)from the original Lender, as a LOAN RENEWAL, the Company agrees to remit a fee to Consultant in the amount equal to ONE-HALF(50%)of the original fee.一旦顾问公司发展了其他贷款人的债务信贷，与原来的贷款人是一个完全不同的实体（而不是有任何形式的联系），作为一个贷款续期，融资公司同意向顾问公司支付等于原来佣金费用的一半（原始的费用50％）的费用的金额。
The Company shall furnish to Consultant, a detailed list of Funding Sources it has
approached in the past, describing what was concluded if anything and the name of the contact person at each Funding Source.The Company will not breach any Non-Disclosure Agreement(NDA)previously signed with other potential lending sources.The Company will ask each Lender for a release from the NDA to disclose their names and result.融资公司需要向顾问公司提供过去获得的资金来源的详细清单，说明现在资金状况是什么结
论，各种资金来源的联络人的名称。融资公司将不会违反与其他潜在的贷款来源此前签署的任何保密协议（NDA）。融资公司应该向每个前贷款人要求NDA可以释放,以便可以透露他们的姓名和结果。
10.This Agreement shall be governed by, construed by and
enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.The parties further agree, if a
dispute arises as to the terms and or breach of the terms of this Agreement, jurisdiction and venue shall occur in New York County.However, in the event injunctive relief is reasonably necessary or available to the Finder with regard to payment of the Fee, Finder may move and commence a proceeding for appropriate injunctive relief in any court of competent jurisdiction.The parties further agree, the rights of the Parties under this Agreement are personal to that Party and may not be assigned or transferred to any other person, firm, corporation or any other entity without the other’s express written consent.适用法律：本协议应根据纽约州的法律解释和执行。双方进一步同意，如果有发生争议的条款或违反了本协议的条款，司法管辖权和地点将在纽约州纽约郡。然而，在对发现人关于支付佣金的问题上，禁令救济是合理必要的，发现者可寻找可移动，并开始适当的禁令救济，在任何有管辖权的法
院诉讼。双方进一步同意，各缔约方根据本协议的权利是个人参加每一方，而且在融资公司没有其他明确的书面同意下，不得转让或转移到任何其他人士，商号，或任何其他实体。
11.Consultant’s Funding Source, the Company shall provide to Consultant a letter of commendation for Consultant Management’s efforts in securing and finalizing funding for the Company.公告：通过顾问公司的资金来源完成一个成功的投资后，融资公司要为顾问公司在为其融资资金的安全到达落实所提供的管理及努力书写一封表扬信。
12.document or agreement referred to herein, or copy of counterpart thereof, delivered by facsimile transmission, shall for all purposes be treated as if it were delivered containing an original manual signature of whose signature appears in the facsimile, and shall be binding upon such party in the same manner as though an originally signed copy had been delivered.传真签字：任何通过传真发送的签署的协议或与此关联的任何其他文件或协议，复制的副本，就所有目的而言，如果它包含一个原始的手工签名出现在交付传真中，应与该位人士以同样的方式最初签署的已交付的副本同样具有约束力。
13.
第五篇：合同翻译中英讲解
合同翻译中英讲解
英语合同翻译
引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。
合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。
一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹
用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.例1：
The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。注释:(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此
(2)covenant: v.make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约;n.legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同
(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中
(5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价(6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照
(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 例2：
We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注释：
（1）hereby：特此
（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明（4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中（5）documentary proof：证明文件
合同翻译中英讲解
supply and take delivery of the goods.Provided that the owner of the goods shall be liable for all losses or damages including demurrage incurred in default on the provisions hereof.注释：
（1）Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not：不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，whether„ or not：不论„„是否（2）the owner of the goods：货方（3）without interruption：无间断地（4）carrier：承运人
（5）in default on the provisions hereof：违反本款规定 hereof：of this Clause 参考译文：
不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，货方都应昼夜地，包括星期日和假日（如承运人需要），无间断地提供和提取货物。货方对违反本款规定所引起的所有损失或损坏，包括滞期应负担赔偿责任。例2 Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.注释：
（1）foreign trade dealers：对外贸易经营者（2）as mentioned in this Law：本法所称
（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法规定（4）legal entity：法人
（5）be engaged in foreign trade dealings：从事对外贸易经营活动 参考译文：
本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。例3 The establishment of a limited liability company or a company limited by shares shall comply with the conditions and provisions of this Law.A company complying with the conditions and provisions hereof may be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.Provided that if a company fails to comply with the conditions and provisions hereof, the company in question shall not be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.注释：
（1）a limited liability company：有限责任公司（2）a company limited by shares：股份有限公司（3）provisions hereof：本法规定 hereof: of this Law（4）may be registered as：登记为 参考译文：
设立有限责任公司、股份有限公司，必须符合本法规定的条件。符合本法规定的条件的，登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司；不符合本法规定的条件的，不得登记为有限责任公司或股份有限公司。例4 If, as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons, an arbitrator fails to perform his duties as an arbitrator, another arbitrator shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, be selected or appointed.合同翻译中英讲解
accordance with the law, bear the legal liability and responsibility.The arbitration commission shall remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators.注释：
（1）arbitrator：仲裁员
（2）Article 58 hereof：本法第五十八条 hereof：of this Law（3）bear the legal liability and responsibility：承担法律责任（4）the arbitration commission：仲裁委员会
（5）remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators：将其除名 参考译文：
仲裁员有本法第三十四条第四项规定的情形，情节严重的，或者有本法第五十八条第六项规定的情形的，应当依法承担法律责任，仲裁委员会应当将其除名。例8 If, pursuant to this Law, the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals fail to grant approval to such an application as meets the requirements and provisions hereof, or the company registration authorities fail to register a company whose application meets the requirements hereof, the party in question may, in accordance with laws, apply for reconsideration or bring an administrative suit.注释：
（1）the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals：履行审批职责的有关主管部门
（2）meets the requirements and provisions hereof：符合本法条件（3）the company registration authorities：负责公司登记的主管部门（4）the requirements hereof：本法条件 hereof: of this Law（5）apply for reconsideration：申请复议
（6）bring an administrative suit：提起行政诉讼 参考译文：
依照本法，履行审批职责的有关主管部门，对符合本法条件的申请不予批准，或负责公司登记的主管部门不予登记，当事人可以依法申请复议或者提起行政诉讼。例9 This Decision shall apply to the crimes committed against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof by the staff and workers of enterprises other than limited liability companies and companies limited by shares.注释：
（1）the crimes committed：犯罪行为
（2）against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof：犯有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定 hereof: of this Decision 参考译文：
有限责任公司、股份有限公司以外的企业职工有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定的犯罪行为的，适用本决定。例10 Companies registered and established prior to the effective date of this Law shall, in accordance with Laws, administrative regulations, local regulations and pursuant to the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies” or the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares” issued by the relevant responsible department of the State Council, continue to exist.合同翻译中英讲解
applied.The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties hereto.The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission.注释：
（1）the performance of this Contract：履行本合同（2）through amicable negotiations：友好协商
（3）the Parties hereto：the Parties to this Contract本合同双方（4）shall then be submitted for arbitration：提交进行仲裁
（5）the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing：中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京）
（6）the arbitration rules of this Commission：其仲裁规则（7）the award of the arbitration：仲裁裁决
（8）unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission：仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外 参考译文：
对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，本合同双方应友好协商解决，如协商无法解决争议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局性的，对双方都有约束力。仲裁费用应由败诉方承担，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。
例2 “Patented Technology” means such patent, and such applications for the patent as are presently owned or will hereafter be acquired in the future by Party B, or as Party B has or may have the right to control, or as are permitted to be transferred during the effective period of this Contract in any or all countries of the world, and as are applicable to or may be used in the manufacture of Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto.注释：
（1）patented technology：专利技术（2）patent：专利
（3）application for the patent：专利申请
（4）may have the right to control：可能有权控制的
（5）permitted to be transferred in any or all countries of the world：在世界任何国家许可转让（6）Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto：本合同双方规定的本合同产品 hereto: to this Contract 参考译文：
“专利技术”，系指乙方目前拥有的或未来获得的，或乙方有权或可能有权控制的，或在本合同有效期间在世界任何国家许可转让的，适用于或可能适用制造本合同双方规定的本合同产品的专利和专利申请。
例3 “Technical Documents” means the data and the information specified in Appendix 1 hereto, such as engineering, manufacturing and original information relating to the manufacture and maintenance of the Contract Products, including drawings, blueprints, design sheets, material specifications, photographs, photostats and general data, and design and their specifications
合同翻译中英讲解
other Party may, during the effective period hereof, make use of, and sell products utilizing such improvement, modification, further invention or design(whether patented or un-patented)without charge and royalty fee in any manner consistent with this agreement.注释：
（1）either Party hereto：本协议各方（不译成“one Party hereto）。
（2）improvement, modification, further invention or design：改进、修正、更新本发明或设计
（3）discover, make or develop：开发
（4）manufacture and assembly of the Licensed Products or components thereof：生产及装配许可证产品或部件
（5）file application for Letter Patent：申请专利（6）take other necessary legal steps to protect the same：其它必要的法律保护程序 the same: Letter Patent（7）any patent arising therefrom：由此产生的专利（8）consistent with this agreement：与本协议不相矛盾 参考译文：
本协议各方同意，一方对于有关生产及装配许可证产品或部件所做的改进、修正、更新发明或设计均应立即全部通知另一方。开发改进的一方可以自负费用并以自身名义申请专利或采取其它必要的法律保护程序，由此产生的专利将属于该方所有。在本协议的有效期内，另一方可以与本协议不相矛盾的方式无偿使用和销售利用改进、修正、更新本发明或设计（无论其是否取得专利权）生产的产品。
例6 The Parties to this Agreement agree that Y shall supply to FCAM certain license and technical assistance for manufacturing Products.The Technical Assistance Agreement to be concluded between FCAM and Y shall be deemed to be an attachment as Appendix 2 hereto(hereinafter referred to as the “Technical Assistance Agreement”).注释：
（1）certain license and technical assistance for manufacturing Products：有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务
（2）the technical assistance agreement：技术服务协议
（3）Appendix 2 hereto：本协议附件2 hereto：to this Agreement 参考译文：
本协议双方同意Y将向FCAM提供有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务，FCAM和Y将订立技术服务协议并作为本协议附件2（以下称作“技术服务协议”）。
例7 The Parties to this Agreement agree and ensure that FCAM will, to the maximum extent practicably possible, use the forms required by Y for such data on management and financial information as are given by FCAM to the Parties hereto, and that FCAM shall prepare and keep accounting and financial records and books available for inspection or audit by either Party hereto.注释：
（1）to the maximum extent practicably possible：尽实际可能最大限度地
合同翻译中英讲解
例10 The termination of this Contract shall not in any way affect the outstanding claims and liabilities existing between the Parties hereto upon the expiration of the validity of the Contract and the debtor shall continue to be kept liable for paying the outstanding debts to the creditor.注释：
（1）the termination of this Contract：本合同期满（2）outstanding claims and liabilities：未了债务（3）debtor：债务人（4）creditor：债权人 参考译文： 本合同期满时，双方之间发生的未了债务不受合同期满的影响，债务人应向债权人继续支付未了债务
四 herein 英文释义:in this 中文译词:此中，于此
用法:表示上文已提及的“本合同（中）的„„，本法（中）的„„”等时，使用该词。如表示“本法（中）所称的不正当竞争”，可译为“unfair competition mentioned herein”，此处herein表示“in this Law”；表示“本协议（中）内容”，译为“the Contents herein”，此处herein表示“in this Agreement”。语法：置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词.例1 Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to such acts of business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order.Business operators mentioned herein refer to such legal persons, other economic organizations and individuals as engage in the trading of goods or profit-making services(hereafter called Goods including services).注释：
（1）unfair competition：不正当竞争（2）mentioned in this Law：本法所称（3）refer to：是指
（4）contravene the provisions hereof：违反本法规定
（5）damage the lawful rights and interests of other business operators：损害其他经营者的合法权益
（6）disturb the socio-economic order：扰乱社会经济秩序
（7）business operators mentioned herein：本法所称的经营者 herein：in this Law（8）engage in the trading of goods or profit-making services：从事商品经营或营利性服务 engage in：从事，be engaged in：忙于 参考译文：
本法所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。
本法所称的经营者，是指从事商品经营或营利性服务（以下所称商品包括服务）的法人、其
合同翻译中英讲解
参考译文：
犯本决定规定之罪有违法所得的，应当予以没收。
犯本决定规定之罪，被没收违法所得、判处罚金、没收财产、承担民事责任的，其财产不足以支付时，先承担民事赔偿责任。
例5 The terms “FOB”, “CFR” or “CIF” shall be subject to the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms”(INCOTERMS, 2000)provided by International Chamber of Commerce(ICC)unless otherwise specified herein(in this Contract).注释：
（1）（1）“FOB”（free on board）(„Named port of shipment)：船上交货（„<指定装运港>）
（2）（2）“CFR”（Cost and Freight）(„Named port of destination)：成本加运费（„<指定目的港>）
（3）（3）“CIF”（Cost, Insurance and Freight）(„Named port of destination)：成本、保险费加运费（„„<指定目的港>）（4）（4）the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms”(INCOTERMS, 2000)：《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS）2000》 参考译文：
除非本合同另有规定，“FOB”、“CFR”和“CIF”均应依照国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS）2000》办理。
例6 Unless otherwise expressly provided for herein, if all disputes, controversies or differences arising out of or in relation to the execution of this Agreement between the Parties hereto, or any breach or default of the provisions hereof(including but not limited to, a dispute concerning the existence or continued existence of this Agreement, and the validity of the Arbitration Clause)fail to be settled amicably, the disputes, controversies or differences in question shall be submitted for arbitration.注释：
（1）unless otherwise expressly provided for herein：除非另有明确表示 herein：in this Agreement（2）dispute：争议（3）controversy：纠纷（4）difference：歧意
（5）the Parties hereto：the Parties to this Agreement本协议双方（6）any breach or default of the provisions hereof：任何违约及过失（7）including but not limited to：包括，但不限于
（8）the validity of the Arbitration Clause：仲裁条款有效性 arbitration clause 仲裁条款 参考译文：
除非另有明确表示，则由于执行本协议所引发或与本协议有关的协议双方的所有争议、纠纷或歧意，以及任何违约及过失（包括，但不限于有关本协议存续的争议，仲裁条款有效性的争议），如不能以友好协商的方式解决，则提交仲裁。
合同翻译中英讲解
注释：
（1）the obligations of making all payments：支付义务（2）reimbursement：偿付
（3）be free and clear of any other charges：不附带其它费用（4）exempt from all taxes：是免税的
（5）pay all taxes as provided for herein：承担全部本协议规定的税务 herein：in this Agreement 参考译文：
借款人应按照本协议和票据完成所有支付义务。向银行的偿付应是不附带其它费用并且是免税的，而且银行所收到的偿付款项不含任何税务。借款人应按本协议承担全部本协议规定的税务。
五 hereinafter 英文释义:later in the same Contract 中文译词:以下,在下文
语法:一般与referred to as, called等词组连用，以避免重复，置于这些词组前面，与之紧邻。
例1：
In accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures and the Contract signed by and between
Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party A)and
Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party B), the articles of association hereby is formulated and prepared.注释：
（1）in accordance with：under 根据
（2）Law of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures：中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法（3）Hereinafter：以下
（4）articles of association：合营公司章程（条款）（5）hereby：特此
（6）formulate：prepare 制订 参考译文：
根据《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》以及由
公司（以下称甲方）与
公司（以下称乙方）所订的合资经营的合同，特制订本公司章程。
例2 Financial institutions with foreign capital mentioned in these Regulations refer to the following financial institutions that are established and operate in China upon approval in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China:(1)subsidiary banks incorporated by foreign capital whose head offices are in China(hereinafter referred to as foreign banks);(2)branches of foreign bank in China(hereinafter referred to as foreign bank branches);(3)banks incorporated jointly by foreign and Chinese financial institutions(hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture banks);
合同翻译中英讲解
documents to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation(hereinafter referred to as MOFTEC)for examination and approval after the examination and consent obtained from the foreign trade and economic cooperation authorities of the related province, autonomous region, municipalities directly under the Central Government or the municipalities specifically(separately)listed in the State Economic Plan in which the investment company is to be located.注释：
（1）the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation(hereinafter referred to as MOFTEC)：对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）
（2）the foreign trade and economic cooperation authorities：外经贸部门（3）municipalities directly under the Central Government：直辖市
（4）the municipalities specifically(separately)listed in the State Economic Plan：计划单列市 参考译文：
申请设立投资公司，投资者应将下列文件经拟设立投资公司所在地的省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市外经贸部门审核同意后，报对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）审查批准。
例5 These Regulations are formulated and prepared in accordance with the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as the Company Law)in order to affirm the qualifications of enterprise legal persons of companies and standardize the registration activities of companies.注释：
（1）these Regulations are formulated and prepared：制定本条例 prepare：制定
（2）the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China：《中华人民共和国公司法》（3）hereinafter referred to as the Company Law：以下简称《公司法》
（4）to affirm the qualifications of enterprise legal persons of companies：确认公司的企业法人资格
（5）standardize the registration activities of companies：规范公司登记行为 参考译文：
为了确认公司的企业法人资格，规范公司登记行为，依据《中华人民共和国公司法》（以下简称《公司法》），制定本条例。
例6 In order to further expand international economic co-operation and technological exchange, to absorb foreign investment and to promote the development of socialist market economy, foreign companies, enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals(hereinafter referred to as foreign shareholders)and Chinese companies, enterprises and other economic organizations(hereinafter referred to as Chinese shareholders)may, within the territory of China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit, incorporate themselves into a company limited by shares with foreign investment(hereinafter referred to as the Company).注释：
（1）to further expand international economic co-operation and technological exchange：进一步扩大国际经济合作和技术交流
（2）to absorb foreign investment：引进外资
（3）to promote the development of socialist market economy：促进社会主义市场经济的发
合同翻译中英讲解
参考译文：
本实施细则适用于外国贸易商、制造厂商、货运代理商、承包商、咨询公司、广告公司、投资公司、租赁公司和其他经济贸易组织（以下简称外国企业）在中华人民共和国境内设立的常驻代表机构。
例9 A foreign enterprise applying for the establishment of its resident representative office in the territory of the People’s Republic of China shall, upon approval and consent by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation or its authorized Commissions for Foreign Trade and Economic Relations(hereinafter called the “Examination-Approval Authorities)of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and the municipalities specifically(separately)listed in the State Economic Plan, register with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce or its authorized Administrations for Industry and Commerce(hereinafter called the “registration authorities)of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and the municipalities specifically(separately)listed in the State Economic Plan.注释：
（1）its authorized Commissions for Foreign Trade and Economic Relations：其授权的对外经济贸易委员会
（2）hereinafter called the “Examination-Approval Authorities：以下简称审批机关 Examination-Approval Authorities：审批机关（3）register with：办理登记手续
（4）the State Administration for Industry and Commerce：国家工商行政管理局
（5）its authorized Administrations for Industry and Commerce：其授权的（各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市）工商行政管理局 参考译文：
外国企业申请在中华人民共和国境内成立常设代表机构，应经对外贸易经济合作部或其授权的各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市对外经济贸易委员会（厅）（以下简称审批机关）批准，并在中华人民共和国国家工商行政管理局或其授权的各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市工商行政管理局（以下简称登记机关）办理登记手续。
六 therein 英文释义:in that;in that particular;in that respect 中文译词:在那里；在那点上，在那方面
用法:在表示上文已提及的“合同中的„„，工程中的„„”等时使用。例如表示“修补工程中的缺陷”：“the remedying of any defects therein”，此处therein表示“in the Works”；表示“用于工程中的材料或机械设备”：“materials or plant for incorporation therein”，这里的therein表示“in the Works”。语法：置于所修饰词后,紧邻修饰词。
例1 “Temporary Works” means all temporary works of every kind(other than the Contractor’s Equipment)required in or about the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying
合同翻译中英讲解
A certificate of the Borrower shall, substantially, comply with the form set forth in Appendix 4, and the attachments specified therein.注释：
（1）a certificate of the borrower：借款人说明书（2）comply with：遵照
（3）the attachments specified therein：附录4规定的附件 therein：in Appendix 4 参考译文：
借款人证明书，其格式基本上应遵照附录4规定的格式及其规定的附件。
例5 If, at any time, an exemption shall be obtained from any such present or future taxes of any nature whatsoever imposed by local authorities or any political subdivision or taxing authorities thereof or therein as shall, under the Contract, be due in respect of any payment or payments, the Borrower shall promptly deliver to the Agent a copy of the certified documents evidencing the exemption in question.注释：
（1）exemption：免征税款
（2）local authorities：地方当局
（3）any political subdivision：任何下属政府分支机构
（4）taxing authorities thereof or therein：地方当局的税收当局 therein：in local authorities（5）under the Contract：根据合同规定（6）shall be due：应予以征收的
（7）the certified documents evidencing the exemption in question：证明上述免税文件 in question：上述 参考译文： 任何时候，如果由当地或其任何政府分支机构或税收当局，对任何根据合同规定所支付费用应予以征收的税款，不论什么性质，现在或将来，凡可以免征的，借款人应及时向代理行递交一份证明上述免税文件的副本。
例6 Where enterprises with foreign investment were registered with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce before the promulgation of the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises(hereinafter called the Tax Law), the enterprise in question shall pay income tax at the rates provided for therein.注释：
（1）the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises：中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法。（2）at the rates provided for therein：按税法规定的税率 therein：in the Tax Law 参考译文：
在《中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法》（以下简称税法）公布前已经办理工商登记的外商投资企业，该企业应按税法规定的税率缴纳所得税。
例7 Where the Borrower has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement, to make the
合同翻译中英讲解
（6）drawer：出单人
（7）the wording therein：the wording in the documents 其措辞（8）data content thereof：data content of the documents 项目内容（9）referred to in the credit：信用证中所述的 参考译文：
当信用证要求运输单据、保险单据和商业发票以外的单据时，信用证应规定该单据的出单人及其措辞或项目内容。如信用证虽无此规定，但提交的单据的项目内容可能证实与信用证中所述的货物及/或服务有关联，则银行将予接受。
例10 If any loss or damage happens to the Works, or any part thereof, or materials or Plant for incorporation therein, during the period for which the Contractor is responsible for the care thereof, from any cause whatsoever, other than the risks defined in Sub-Clause 20.4, the Contractor shall, at his own cost, rectify such loss or damage so that the Permanent Works conform in every respect with the provisions of the Contract to the satisfaction of the Engineer.注释：
（1）loss or damage：损失与损坏 注：loss与damage同义，同义词连用是合同文件语言特点之一。
（2）any part thereof：any part of the Works 工程中的任何一部分 thereof：of the Works（3）for incorporation therein：used in the Works 用于工程中的 for incorporation in：used in 应译成“用于（工程）中”，而不能译成“进入工程” therein：in the Works 工程中（4）at one’s own cost：自费（5）rectify：弥补，纠正
（6）Permanent Works：永久工程
（7）to the satisfaction of the Engineer：达到工程师满意的程度 参考译文：
在承包人负责照管工程期间，如果工程或其任何部分或材料或用于工程中的设备，除第20.4款所规定的风险外，不管由于任何原因而遭受损失或损坏，承包人应自费弥补此类损失或损坏，以使永久工程在各方面均符合合同的规定，并达到工程师满意的程度。
七.thereof 英文释义: of that, of it 中文译词:由此,其
用法:在表示已提及的“人或事的„„”时，为避免重复，可使用该词，比如表示“合同条件、条款”时，可译为“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”，此处的thereof表示“of the Contract”；表示“工程任何部分”，可译为“any parts thereof”，这里的thereof表示“of the Works”。
语法：置于所修饰词后,紧邻修饰词。
例1：
合同翻译中英讲解
Employer takes over the Works or any section or part thereof.注释：
（1）Tests on Completion：竣工检验（2）otherwise agreed：另行商定
（3）Employer takes over the Works：业主接收工程
（4）any section or part thereof：工程任何部分、区段 thereof：of the Works 参考译文：
竣工检验指合同规定的或由工程师与承包人另行商定的检验。这些检验是由承包人在业主接收工程或工程任何部分、区段之前进行的。
例5 The collection order shall give specific instructions regarding the protest(or shall take other legal process in lieu thereof), in the event of non-acceptance or non-payment.In the absence of such specific instructions, the banks concerned with the collection shall have no obligation to provide the protest(or to take other legal process in lieu thereof)when the banks in question experience non-acceptance and non-payment.Any charges and /or expenses incurred by the banks in connection with such protest or other legal process shall be borne by the principal.注释：
（1）the collection order：托收指示（2）the protest：拒绝证书
（3）in lieu thereof：代替拒绝证书 thereof：of the protest（4）non-acceptance or non-payment：拒绝承兑或拒绝付款
（5）the banks concerned with the collection：与托收有关的各银行
（6）experience non-acceptance and non-payment：遭到拒绝承兑或拒绝付款（7）the principal：委托人 参考译文：
托收指示应对于在遭到拒绝承兑或拒绝付款时，是否需要作出拒绝证书（或采取其它替代法律手续）给予特别指示。如无此项特别指示，与托收有关的各银行在遭到拒绝付款或拒绝承兑时，并无义务作出拒绝证书（或采取其它替代法律手续）。
银行由于作出拒绝证书或采取其它法律手续而发生的手续费或费用概由委托人负担。
例6 If the Seller makes the specification himself, he shall inform the Buyer of the details thereof and shall determine a reasonable time within which the Buyer may make a different specification.If, after receipt of the communication in question, the Buyer fails to do so within the time so determined, the specification made by the Seller shall be binding.注释:（1）makes the specification：订明规格
（2）the details thereof：the details of the specification规格的细节（3）the communication in question：该通知（4）shall be binding：应具有约束力 参考译文：
合同翻译中英讲解
例10 If this Agreement is terminated for any reason whatsoever, all such drawings, transparencies, specifications, and any other manufacturing or engineering information as are supplied by Party A, including all the copies thereof, shall be returned to Party A, and Party B shall cease to manufacture the said Licensed Products or Components, or parts of the Licensed Products.注释：
（1）this Agreement is terminated：本协议终止（2）transparency：图片（3）specifications：规格
（4）any other manufacturing or engineering information：其它全部生产和操作资料（5）the said Licensed Products：上述许可证产品 参考译文：
如本协议因任何理由而终止，所有由甲方提供的图纸、图片、规格以及其它全部生产和操作资料，包括全部复制品，均返还甲方，同时，乙方应停止生产上述许可证产品、或部件、或零件。
八.thereafter, thereto, therewith, therefor, thereunder
1)thereafter: after that此后；之后 2）thereto: to that 随附；附之 3）therewith: with that 与此；与之 4）therefor: for that 因之；为此
5）thereunder: under that 在其下；依照
用法: 本节提及的各词，其用法与上面七节谈及的一样，主要强调的是“that”。如果强调的是“this”，则要用hereafter, hereto, herewith和hereof等。语法：紧接所修饰词之后。
例1：
The decision and award of the arbitration tribunal shall be final, and the judgment on the decision and award in question may, under the request of either party to the Contract, be made by any court having jurisdiction.The parties thereto shall, in good faith, comply with the decision and award of the arbitration tribunal.注释：
（1）
decision and award of the arbitration tribunal：仲裁庭的仲裁决定或裁决（2）
the judgment：司法判决
（3）
any court having jurisdiction：有管辖权的法院 jurisdiction：管辖权（4）
the parties thereto：合同双方 thereto：to the Contract（5）
in good faith：以良好诚信的态度 参考译文：
仲裁庭的仲裁决定或裁决是终局的，任何一方可以要求任何有管辖权的法院对此作出司法判决。双方须以良好诚信的态度遵守仲裁庭的决定。
例2：
合同翻译中英讲解
例5：
The Defects Liability Certificate for the Works shall, within 28 days after the expiration of the Defects Liability Period, be issued by the Engineer, or, if different defects liability periods become applicable to different Section or parts of the Permanent Works, the expiration of the latest such period, or if, pursuant to Clause 82, any works instructed are completed to the satisfaction of the Engineer, the Defects Liability Certificate therefor shall be issued by the Engineer as soon as possible.注释：
（1）
the Defects Liability Certificate：缺陷责任证书
（2）
the expiration of the Defects Liability Period： 缺陷责任期终止
（3）
different defects liability periods become applicable to different Section or parts of the Permanent Works：不同的缺陷责任期适用永久工程的不同区段或部分（4）
any works instructed：任何按指示进行的工程
参考译文：工程的缺陷责任证书应由工程师在缺陷责任期终止后28天内颁发，或者，如果不同的缺陷责任期适用永久工程的不同区段或部分时，则在最后一个缺陷责任期终止或根据第82条，在任何按指示进行的工程已完成并达到工程师满意之后尽快签发。
例6：
The Borrower shall pay for the account of the Banks a commitment fee of one half of one percent(0.5%)per annum on the Total Loan Commitment.The commitment fee shall be paid from the date of the conclusion of the Contract(inclusive)to the earlier day of the Disbursement Date and the Termination Date(but excluding the day in question).The commitment fee shall quarterly be paid from the date in the third month thereafter to the earlier day of the Disbursement Date and the Termination Date.注释：
（1）
commitment fee：承诺费，承担费。贷款协议签定生效后，如借款人没有按期使用贷款，需向贷款人支付一定金额的补偿费用——承诺费或承担费。通常在贷款协议中确定一个承诺期。承诺期分为前后两期，前期不收承诺费，后期计收承诺费。如果在前段承诺期已使用全部承诺期金额，则不收承诺费。如果在前段承诺期未使用全部承诺期金额，其余额在后段承诺期使用，则计收承诺费。
（2）
the Disbursement Date：贷款发放日（3）
the Termination Date：贷款终止日（4）
from the date in the third month thereafter：从其后第3个月的该日 thereafter：after the Termination Date
参考译文：
借款人每年应支付银行贷款承诺总额0.5%的承诺费。支付时间从签订合同之日起（包括该日在内），到贷款发放日和终止日中较早之日（但不包括该日在内）为止，从其后第3个月的该日起开始按季支付至发放日与终止日中较早之日。
合同翻译中英讲解
workmanship, formulas, skills and other data useful in the manufacture and marketing of certain products;and Whereas Party B desires to acquire the right and licence to use the above-mentioned technical assistance for the purpose of manufacturing, using and selling such products;and Whereas Party B desires to use the following trademarks owned by Party A.Now Therefore, the parties hereto do hereby agree on the contents of the agreement as follows:
注释：
（1）
proprietary technical information：专有技术信息
（2）
designs, techniques, workmanship, formulas, skills and other data：设计、技术、工艺、配方、技能和其他资料
（3）
the right and licence：许可权利（4）
technical assistance：技术协助（5）
trademarks：商标 参考译文：
鉴于甲方拥有合同产品的生产及销售所涉及的技术信息，包括设计、技术、工艺、配方、技能和其他资料的专有权；
鉴于乙方以生产、使用和销售合同产品为目的，希望获得使用上述协助的许可权利； 鉴于乙方希望使用甲方所有的下述商标； 双方兹就下列内容达成一致：
例3：
Whereas the Borrower proposes to borrow from the Banks, and the Banks, severally but not jointly, propose to lend to the Borrower, an aggregate amount of $50,000,000, the Parties hereto have hereby made and concluded this Agreement as follows:
注释：
（1）
whereas：鉴于
（2）
severally but not jointly：分别但不连带地（3）
an aggregate amount：总额
（4）
the Parties hereto have hereby made and concluded this Agreement as follows：当事人协议如下 参考译文：
鉴于借款人提出从银行借款，各银行分别但不连带地向借款人贷款，总额为$50,000,000（5000万美元），当事人协议如下：
例4：
Whereas the Borrower has requested the Bank to extend to the Borrower a term loan in the principal amount of One Million US Dollars(US $1,000,000)under the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement;and Whereas the Bank is prepared to make such a loan available to the Borrower under the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement;Now Therefore, in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein, the Parties hereto do hereby agree on the contents of the agreement as follows:
合同翻译中英讲解
promises that the law will enforce。何谓“Agreement”?L.B “A consensus of mind, or evidence of such consensus, in spoke or written form, relating to anything done or to be done.” 根据这一定义，协议是对已经做或准备做的相关事宜，经过谈判、协商后取得一致意见，以口头或书面形式做出的约定。Black “Law Dictionary”有两个定义。一个是：“A concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights and duties, of certain past or future facts or performance”根据这一定义，协议即双方或多方京某些过去或将来某些事实的相关权利、义务或相关权利、义务的履行而达成的一致理解和愿望。另一个是：“The consent of two or more persons concurring respecting the transmission of some property, right or benefits, with the view of contacting an obligation, a mutual obligation.”根据这一定义，协议即两个或多个当事人，为了约定单方责任或相互责任，就财产权利、利益的转移取得的一致同意。Contract(合同)和Agreement(协议)是不是可以互换呢？合同的成立必须具备几个主要因素。它们（要约和承诺构成的）协议、约因、设立法律关系的愿望和缔约能力四大部分组成。L.B Curzon编著的“A Diction of Law”提到：“Contract generally involves”1.offer and absolute and unqualified acceptance(要约和绝对接受)2.consensus ad idem(意思表示一致，也叫meeting of minds)3.intention to create legal relations(建立合同关系的意愿)4.genuineness of consent(同意的真实性)5.contractual capacity of the parties(合同当事人的缔约能力)6.legality of object(标的物的合法性)7.possibility of performance(履行的可能性)8.certainty of terms(条款的确定性)9.valuable consideration(等价有偿)Black 'Law Dictionary“ 中解释道：Although often used as synonyms with ”contract“, agreement is a broader term, e.g.an agreement might lack an essential element of a contact.” 即“协议”和“合同”经常用作同义词，但“协议”这一术语含义更广，例如协议可能缺乏合同的必备条款（essential clauses/provisions）。实际使用当中，协议可不受必备条款的限制，而称为合同的文体肯定少不了必备条款，有的合同将其单列，称为一般条款（General provisions）。1999中国《合同法》第十二条规定了八项一般条款，分别是：1.title or name and domicile of the parities(当事人的名称或姓名和住址)2.contract object(标的)3.quantity(数量)4.quality(质量)5.price or remuneration(价款或者报酬)6.time limit, place and method of performance(履行期限、地点和方式)7.liability for breach of contract(违约责任)8.methods to settle disputes(解决争议的方法)上述解释说明，contract(合同)和agreement(协议)的概念虽然接近，但使用范围不同，不能互换使用。合同是协议的重要组成部分，所有合同一定是协议，而协议不见得都是合同。可以说具备合同成立要求的具有强制执行力的协议才是合同。2．“契约”的英语表达 英语中表达契约的用语有：covenant, indenture, deed和compact。它们含义有无区别呢。在Black的“Law Dictionary”中，covenant是指：Agreement, convention or promise or more parties, by deed in writing, signed, and delivered, by which either of the parties pledged himself to the other that something is either done, or shall be done, or shall not be done, or stipulates for the truth of certain facts.The term is currently used primarily with respect to promises in conveyance or other instruments relating to real estate.看来covenant主要指针对不动产转让或与不动产相关的证明文件。在Black的“Law Dictionary”中，indenture 是指：A deed between tow parties conveying real estate by which both parities assume obligations, Historically, indenture referred to a crease or wavy cut that was made in duplicates of the deed so their authenticity could be verified later.看来indenture针对的也是不动产转让，但在传统做法中为证明其真实性，被人一撕为二，留下折痕或波纹状撕痕，以供未来核对的那种契约就叫indenture.在Black的“Law Dictionary”
合同翻译中英讲解
construction engineering and installation of project(建议工程承包、安装合同)服务方面有：Technical service agreement, technical consulting agreement, technical development agreement, technical transfer agreement, licensing agreement.(技术服务、咨询、开发、转让、许可协议)；Agency agreement(代理协议)Insurance contract(保险合同)Financing agreement(融资协议)Venture capital management agreement(风险投资管理协议)Employment contract for legal consultant(法律顾问协议)公司方面包括有：joint venture contract(合资企业合同)articles of association, corporate bylaw(章程)partnership agreement(合伙协议)agreement on assignment of equity interests(股权转让协议)composition agreement(和解协议)物流（Logistics）方面包括有：sales contract(买卖合同)purchase contract(采购合同)carriage/transportation contract(运输合同)import and export contract(进出口合同)warehousing and safekeeping contract(仓储保管合同)contract for compensation trade(补偿贸易合同)人身（personal right）方面包括有：legacy-support agreement(遗赠抚养协议)divorce agreement(离婚协议)4．合同的订立、变更、终止、解除、撤销 汉语中关于合同的订立、变更、解除和撤销说法确定，而英语的表达有有多种。英语中关于合同的订立的表述有：Make a contract Enter into a contract Form a contract Create a contract Conclude a contract Execute a contract Covenant名词科短语的形式分别是：The making of contract The conclusion of contract The entry into contract The formation of a contract The creation of a contract The conclusion of contract The execution of contract Covenant如英文合同、协议的开始句：This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ____ day of _____(month), _______(year)by and between Party A and Party B, the parties hereby covenant as follows:本协议/合同由甲乙双方于______年______月______日订立，双方特此约定如下：英语中关于合同变更的表述有Alter: 名词形式alteration，指只改变合同细节而不致合同丧失原貌；Change: 名词形式与动词同，指实质性导致合同丧失原貌的变更Modify: 名词形式modification，指根据新的意图，并限定在该意图之内的变更英语中关于合同的终止与撤销的表达法有：1.Terminate a contract ,名词形式termination of contract Black's Law Dictionary解释说：Termination refers to an ending, usually before the end of the anticipated term of the contract, which termination may be my mutual agreement or may be by exercise of one party of one of his remedies due to the default of the other party.Termination通常指合同在约定期满之前终止履行。该终止既可经双方同意而做出，也指一方因另一方违约而行使的一种救济权。但是《美国统一商法典》却规定，“终止”是指合同方未违反合同约定而依法终止合同（Under the Uniform Commercial Code, “termination” means legally ending a contract without being broken by either side）2.cancel a contract,Black's Law Dictionary解释说：cancellation occurs when either party puts an end to the contract for breach by the other and its effect is the same as that of “termination” except that the canceling party also retains any remedy for breach of the whole contract or any unperformed balance.Cancel 指一方另因另一方违约而解除或取消合同，其效力与termination（终止）一词几乎一致，不同点在于撤销一方仍有权对整个合同或合同中未履行部分主张救济。3.discharge contract Steven H.Gifis 的“Law Dictionary”解释说：When it is said that a contract is discharged, it always meant that one or more of the legal relations of the parties have been terminated.The meaning that is most commonly intended is that the legal duty of one of the parties has been terminated.A party who is asserted to be under a legal duty by virtue of his contract may reply that duty has been discharged by some factor that has occurred since the making of the contract.Discharge a
合同翻译中英讲解
and B______,(hereinafter called “The Manager”)of the other part.句子开头THIS AGREEMENT 或CONTRACT和当事人的姓名和名称，都应大写。当事人是自然人的，用“of”和其后的住址相连；是法人或非法人单位的，用“having its registered office at”和其后注册地址相连。第二部分：称为recital。以WHEREAS开头，进入叙述部分，用陈述正式说明当事人订立合同的原因。第三部分：称为habendum，正文。具体约定当事人的权利和义务。正文部分的结束段为：IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have set their hand the day and year first above written.这段作用相当于中文合同的“双方签字盖章，特此为证”。第四部分：称为schedule或addendum，附录。是对前述合同部分条款的必要补充。不是所有合同都有这一项。第五部分：称为attestation，证明部分。当事人如果自然人，用“SIGNED by __”；连接后填写见证姓名的表达部分“In the presence of ____”；当事人是法人或非法人单位时，授权代表后接的是“SIGNED for and on behalf _____ of____”，然后才是In the presence of _______。与中文合同的显著不同是签章处除当事人外，多了一个In the presence of _______供证人签字之处。另一不同的是合同订立日期没有放在合同最后，而是出现在开头段的当事人介绍部分。第五部分在新加坡还有另一种表达“As Witness our Hands this _____day of _____，in the year of our Lord Tow Thousand and One.Signed, sealed, and delivered by the above named In the presence of SignatureAddressOccupation上述合同的格式很有代表性，其它英文格式与之相比大同大异，有的合同中不含附录。B.美国APPOINTMENT AS CONTRACT FULL-TIME SENIOR CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATORAN AGREEMENT FOR SERVICES made the 1st day of September, 2000 between ______ of _____(address)(hereinafter referred to as “the Company”)as one part and Mr._______ of _______(address)(hereinafter referred to as the Contractor)of the other part.WHEREBY IT IS AGREED AND DECLARED AS FOLLOWS:1.THAT the Company shall „2.This agreement shall commence on „.3.4.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, both parties set their hands on the date herein mentionedSIGNED BYName esignation :For and on behalf of :(signature)Contractor esignation :For and on behalf of :(signature)本合同分为四个大部分（缺附录，schedule）。与上一合同基本相同，但第一段没有谓语，不是个完整的句子。个别用词与前一合同有差别。最后落款处还多了了“职务”，即designation(有的合同还惯用position).C.香港CONTRACTCONTACT NO.SIGNING DATE/PLACETHE BUYER: NameLegal AddressContactTHE SELLER: NameLegal AddressContactThis contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller.Whereby the Buyer agrees o buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions.1.NAME OF COMMODITY AND SCOPE OF THE CONTRACT 2.PRICE3.PAYMENT4.PACKING5.IN WITHNESS WHEREOF, this contract has been executed effective as of the date first above written.THE BUYER THE SELLER___________ ___________By:__________ By:__________Date:------------_________ Date:------------_________THE END USER___________By: __________Date:--------____-_________比起前两个合同，该买卖合同的不同之处于在于，合同开头出现了合同编号和签署日期，当事人名称或姓名采用简单列举式。证明部分用完成时被动态，最后落款处SIGNED BY项目，但增加了最终用户一项。D.日本SERVICE AGREEMENTThis agreement is made and entered into on March 1st ,2001, by and between______ LTD(hereinafter referred to as “ARTY A”), and ________CO., LTD.((hereinafter referred to as “ARTY B”)WITNESSTH:WHEREAS, PARTY B has
合同翻译中英讲解
保障。如合同出现的“瑕疵”、“救济”、“不可抗力”、“管辖”、“损毁”、“灭失”等就可能让非行业人士费解，在英语以上表达分别为defect、remedy、force majuere/Act of God、jurisdiction、damage and/or loss)。另外几乎每个合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as , whereas, in witness whereof, for and on behalf of , hereby, thereof 等虚词。这也是合同英语的一大特色。其它例子还有：“赔偿”用“indemnities”，而不用“compensation”“不动产转让”用“conveyance”，而不用“trnasfer of real estate”“房屋出租”用“tenancy”，而“财产出租”用“lease of property”“停业”用“wind up a business”或“cease(名词是cessation)a business”,而不用“end/stop a business”专利许可中的“特许权使用费”只用“royalities”还款或专利申请的“宽限期”英文“grace”,“当事人在破产中的和解”用“composition”以实物出资为“investment in kind”“依照合同相关规定”一般说“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等，不说“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”“合同任何一方当事人不得转让本合同”英文表述为“Neither party hereto may assign this contract”，其中“hereto”表示“to the contract”，选用“Neither party to the contract”较少。3． 同义词、近义词、相关词的序列FOR value RECEIVED，the undersigned does hereby sell, transfer, assign and set over to ______ all his right, tile and interest in and to a certain contract dated ______, 19____ by and between the undersigned and ______，a copy of which is annexed hereto.在这里的同义词和近义词并列（如sell, transfer, assign and set over，right和 tile and interest），在英文合同里十分普遍。这是出于严谨和杜绝漏洞的考虑，有的也属于合同用语的固定模式。如：This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.句中“made and entered into”和“by and between”两组分别属于同义词和相关词并列。For and in consideration of mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows: 句中“for and in consideration of ”，“covenants and agreements”三组同义司和近义词并列。The parties have agreed to vary the Management on the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein.这里的“on the terms”和“subject to the conditions”是一个意思都表示“依照本协议的条款规定”。合同条款的固定模式是“terms and conditions”再例如：“Party A wishes to be released and discharged from agreement as from the feective date”，一句中的“realease”和“discharge”意思几乎相同。并列的词还有：ships and vesselssupport and maintenancelicenses and permitscharges, fees, costs and expensesany and allany duties, obligations or liabilities the partners, their heirs, successors and assignscontrol and management of the partnership applicable laws, regulations, decrees, directives, and rules5.拉丁词在国外合同中，拉丁词仍然是很常见：比例税率：用pro rate tax rate要比proportional tax rate多从事慈善性服务的律师：pro bono lawyer，不怎么用lawyer engaged in charitable legal assistance委托代理人：多用agent ad litem不可抗力： force majuere.说真的，我期待过你的出场。
未认识你以前，我便有想象过你会是什么样子——长发还是短发、文艺还是清纯、非主流还是海归范儿。只是当你出现时，我发现跟想象中的完全不一样；而跟你相熟了之后，我慢慢觉得你就该是这样，这样的你，才是我曾经期待过的你。那天你终于出现——有了朱恒玉在你来之前一个月提起你要来、有了Micheal提起与你的面试、有了同事声称今天要来个美女....这一切，好像都在为你的到来做
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