2018北京高考英语真题

第一篇：2018北京高考英语真题

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语(北京卷)

第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,共15分)从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上:将该项涂黑。

例： it's so nice to hearfrom her again＿＿，we last met more than thirty years ago.A.what's more B.That’s to say C.In other words D.Believe it or not 答案是D。

1.-Hi, I'm Peter.Are you new here? I haven't seen you around？-Hello, Peter.I'm Bob.I just＿＿on Monday.A.start B.have started C.started D.had started 2.＿＿we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will begone.A.Although B.While C.If D.Until 3.＿＿along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A.Travel B.Traveling C.Having traveled D.Traveled 4.Susanhad quit her well-paid job and ＿＿as a volunteer in the neighborhood.when I visited her last year A.is working B.was working C.has worked D.had worked 5.She and her family bicycle to work,helps them keep fit A.which B.who C.as D.that 6.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together＿＿a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A.share B.to share C.having shared D.shared 7.China's high-speed railways from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the pastfew years.A.are growing B.have grown C.will grow D.had grown 8.In any unsafe situation, simply＿＿the button and a highly-trained agent willget you the help you need.A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressed 9.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who＿＿in themountains fortwo days.A.are trapping B.have been trapped C.were trapping D.had been trapped 10.Ordinary soap, ＿＿correctly, can dealwith bacteria effectively.A.used B.to use C.using D.use 11.Without his support, we wouldn't be＿＿we are now.A.how B.when C.where D.why 12.In today's information age, the loss of data＿＿cause serious problems for acompany.A.need B.should C.can D.must 13.They might have found a better hotel ifthey＿＿a few more kilometers.A.drove B.would drive C.were to drive D.had driven 14.-Good morning, Mr.lee's office.-Good morning.I'd like to make an appointment＿＿next Wednesday afternoon.A.for B.on C.in D.at 15.This is＿＿my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope forthe best.A.how B.which C.the D.what

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

The Homeless Hero

For many，finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）.But the 16would no doubt be greater if you wereliving on the streets with little food and money.All of this makes the actions ofthe homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable.After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its windowdown，he stood guard in the rain for about two hourswaiting for the 19 to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet outhoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver，only to 21 it contained £400 in notes，with another £50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind tolet the owner know it was safe.When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleagueCarol Lawrence returned to thecar-which was itself worth £35，000—in Glasgowcitycentre，they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to it.Thepolicemen told them what Mr.Smith did and that the wallet was 24.The pair were later able to thank Mr.Smith for his25.Mr.Anderson said：““I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny.To think heis sleeping on the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money and paidfor a place to stay in.This guy hasnothing and 27he didn't take the wallet forhimself；he thought about others 28 it’s unbelievable.It just proves thereare 29 guys out there.”

Mr.smith’s act 30 much of the public’s attention.He also won praise fromsocial media users after Mr.Anderson 31 about the act of kindness onFacebook.Now Mr.Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr.Smith and other homeless people in the area, which byyesterday had received ￡8,000.“Ithink the faith that everyone has shown 33 him has touched him.People have beenapproaching him in the street;he's ha I job 34 and all sorts, ”Mr.Andersoncommented.For Mr.Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35.The story once againtells us that one good turn deserves another.16.A.hope B.aim C.urge D.effort 17.A.still B.even C.ever D.once 18.A.wallet B.bag C.box D.parcel 19.A.partner B.colleague C.owner D.policeman 20.A.turned B.hid C.stepped D.reached 21.A.discover B.collect C.check D.believe 22.A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing 23.A.satisfied B.excited C.amused D.shocked 24.A.safe B.missing C.found D.seen 25.A.service B.support C.kindness D.encouragement 26.A.when B.if C.where D.because 27.A.rather B.yet C.already D.just 28.A.too B.though C.again D.instead 29.A.honest B.polite C.rich D.generous 30.A.gave B.paid C.cast D.drew 31.A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard 32.A.borrow B.raise C.save D.earn 33.A.of B.at C.for D.in 34.A.details B.changes C.offers D.applications 35.A.lesson B.adventure C.chance D.challenge

第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,共30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最仁选项,并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

My First Marathon(马拉松)A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P.E.class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn't do either well.He later informedme that I was“ not athletic”.The idea that I was”not athletic“stuck with me for years.When I started runningin my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition orwhether or not I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line.Iwoke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带)became untied.So Istopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted！

At mile3, I passed a sign:“ GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”

By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despitethe pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving！

As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m.or questioned my expenses onrunning.I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished!And I got a medal.In fact, Igot the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself， move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a”marathon winner”.36.A month before the marathon, the author.A.was well trained B.felt scared C.made up his mind to run D.Lost hope 37.Why did the author mention the P.E.class in his 7th year? A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.C.To show he was not talented in sports.D.To share a precious memory.38.How was the author's first marathon? A.He made it.B.He quit halfway.C.He got the first prize.D.He walked to the end.39.What does the story mainly tell us? A.Aman owes his success to his family support.B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.One is never too old to learn.B Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空)Center If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center(SAC)is the place to be.The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation,education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions.They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they're studying in the classroom.For the trainees，the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章).At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build andfire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟)flying to space withthe crew from all over the world.The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test theiroperating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱)of a variety of flight simulators.Trainees alsoget a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of “downed“pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance ofleadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18.Families can enjoy the experience together,too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week--there is something here for everyone!For more details，please visit us online atwww.xiexiebang.com.40.Why do people come to SAC? A.To experience adventures.B.To look for jobs in aviation.C.To get a degree in engineering.D.To learn more about medicine.41.To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to.A.fly to space.B.get an Aviation badge first.C.study the principles of flight.D.build and fire model rockets.42.What is the most important for trainees? A.Leadership.B.Team spirit.C.Task planning.D.Survival skills.C

Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.qSo farthere is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new studysuggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater waxmoth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and theworms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it.To confirmthat the worms' chewing alone was notresponsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films.14hours later the films had lost 13%of their mass--apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms'stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms'ability to break downtheir everydayfood-beeswax--also allows them to break down plastic ”Wax is acomplex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, “she explains.”The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.“ Jennifer Debruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was notinvolved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break downpolyethylene.But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breakingdown in this one exciting.The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause ofthe breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)? Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ theenzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in somekind of industrial process-not simply”millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”

43.What can we learn about the worms in the study? A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.44.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to.A.identify other means of the breakdown B.find out the source of the enzyme C.confirm the research findings D.increase the breakdown speed 45.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might.A.help to raise worms B.help make plastic bags C.be used to clean the oceans D.be produced in factories in future 46.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.D

Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream,years away from materializing in the real world.Well, the future is apparently now.TheCalifornia Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companiesto test truly self-driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here.Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy-or even worsen-the traffic of today with driverless cars?Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles.They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work,entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread.They taketheir driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport——an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车)services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施)and operations40%by2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance ofdriverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportationsystem we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance forcities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.47.According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can__________.A.help deal with transportation-related problems B.provide better services to customers C.cause damage toour environment D.make some people lose jobs 48.As for driverless cars，what is the author's major concern？ A.Safety.B.Side effects.C.Affordability.D.Management.49.What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？

A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.50.What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars？ A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Why Do We Get Angry？

Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various.Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits.The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events，personality traits（特征），and our assessment of situations.51

Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would takehundreds of pages.However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, adeadline approaching, experiencing physicalpain, and much more._52Thereason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one'spersonal history and psychologicaltraits.Each person.no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances.People whohave personality traits that conncct with competitiveness and low upset tolerance aremuch more likely to get angry.53 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have todo with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event hasoccurred.____54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, oranger itself.Sometimes ignorance and negative(消极的)outlooks on situations cancreate anger.____55However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know thereasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.With these main reasons inmind, we can evaluate our level of angerthroughout the day and prevent cases ofoutbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.A.Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B.But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C.Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised toreduce it.D.Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasonsto feel angry.E.Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in thebackground of your mind.F.Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluateourselves with a critical eye.G.Not everyone acts the same in response toevents, and that is why what triggers oneperson may or may not trigger another.第三部分:书面表达(共两节,35分)第一节(15分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他 对中国文化感兴趣,计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件,内容包括: 1.表示欢迎； 2.推荐他上哪所大学;3.建议他做哪些准备工作。

注意:1.词数不少于50；

2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。Dear Jim，___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua

(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)

第二节(20分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英 文周记,记述你们上周接待外国学生,带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。注意:词数不少于60。

第二篇：高考2012英语作文真题及其北京卷

2012年高考英语作文真题及其范文

北京卷

第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节 情景作文（20分）

假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，校报英文版正在开展“续写雷锋日记”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，将你所做的一件好事以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿。

注意：1.日记的开头已为你写好。

2.词数不少于60。

Saturday，June2

Fine This morning

(请务必将情景作文写在答题卡指定区域内)

第二节 开放作文（15分）

请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。

You are discussing the following picture with your English friend Jim.Now you are telling him how you understand the picture and what makes you think so.(请务必将情景作文写在答题卡指定区域内)答案：

第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节 情景作文（20分）

一、内容要点：

1、发现

2、询问

3、告诉线路

4、分别

二、One possible version: Saturday June 2

This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled.It seemed they were lost.I went up to them and asked how I could help.They told me they were looking for the Temple of Heaven.I led them to the nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No.20, the bus came.We waved good-bye to each other.Seeing them on the bus, I felt a kind of satisfaction.第二节 开放作文（15分）One possible version:

I think the white pencil, looking proud and delighted, is laughing at the black pencil by saying “You're nearing the end!” The black pencil, on the other hand, remains calm.The white pencil's words let him fall into deep thoughts.He clearly remembers he has been used in writing and drawing.It's true that he's approaching the end but he has been living a memorable life and there has rarely been a dull moment.In reality, we should learn from the black pencil: not to mind what others say so long as we are confident in what we have done.

第三篇：高考英语真题2016

2016年高考英语试题全国卷Ⅱ（广东卷）笔试部分 试卷结构(2015-07-08 15:58:38)转载▼

标签： 2016年高考英语试题全 分类： 高考题库

2016年高考英语试题全国卷Ⅱ（广东卷）笔试部分 试卷结构 最新

（参考原2015上海，甘肃，内蒙，新疆，陕西，山东，湖北，河北通用卷）

本试题是根据《广东省教育厅关于广东省普通高考使用全国统一命题试卷的通知》（粤教考函〔2015〕24号）的精神编制。2016年高考英语试题全国卷Ⅱ（广东卷）笔试部分 试卷结构 最新

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分 听力（共两节，满分15分）略 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电)noise.For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my first, and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the sit is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.21.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set? A.He got an older model than he had expected.B.He couldn’t return it when it was broken.C.He could have bought it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.22.Which of the following an best replace the phrase “signed off” in paragraph 1? A.ended all their programs

B.provided fewer channels C.changed to commercials

D.showed all-night movies 23.How did the author finally get this TV set working again? A.By shaking and hitting it

B.By turning it on and off C.By switching channels

D.By having it repaired 24.How does the author sound when telling the story?

A.Curious

B.Anxious

C.Cautious

D.Humorous B Your house may have an effect on your figure.experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.you can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they’re in poorly lit places – and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us less hungry.So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.Don’t forget the clock – or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes.And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.25.The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____.A.their home comforts

B.their body shape C.house buying

D.healthy diets 26.A home environment in blue can help people ____.A.digest food better

B.reduce food intake C.burn more calories

D.regain their appetites 27.What are people advised to do at mealtimes? A.Eat quickly.B.Play fast music C.Use smaller spoons

D.Turn down the lights 28.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Is Your House Making You Fat?

B.Ways of Serving Dinner C.Effects of Self-Consciousness

D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? C More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年)before going to university.It used to be the “year off” between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.But not everyone is happy.Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students(NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to￡15,000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” he said.29.What do we learn about the gap year from the text? A.It is flexible in length.B.It is a time for relaxation C.It is increasingly popular D.It is required by universities 30.According to Tony Higgins.students taking a gap year ____.A.are better prepared for college studies B.know a lot more about their future job C.are more likely to leave university in debt D.have a better chance to enter top universities 31.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon? A.He’s puzzled B.He’s worried C.He’s surprised D.He’s annoyed

32.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics? A.Attend additional courses.B.Make plans for the new term C.Earn money for their education D.Prepare for their graduate studies

D Choose Your One-Day-Tours!Tour AOxford & Startford including entrance fees to the University St Mary's Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's-￡32 until 12 March and ￡36 thereafter Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges.Look over the “city of dreaming spires(尖顶）”from St Mary’s Church Tower.Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.Tour C-Windsor Castle &Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace-￡34 until 11 March and ￡37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry VILL's favorite palace.Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included).With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen.Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost!Tour D-Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great-￡33 until 18 March and ￡37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.33.Which tour will you choose if you want to see England’s oldest university city? A.Tour A B.Tour B C.Tour C D.Tour D 34.Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March? A.Windsor Castle & Hampton Court B.Oxford & Stratford C.Bath & Stonehenge D.Cambridge 35.Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction? A.It used to be the home of royal families B.It used to be a well-known maze C.It is the oldest palace in Britain D.It is a world-famous castle 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs.36 , buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.37

.As always, you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.38 , it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.39

.After two weeks, start timing yourself.40

.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.A.After six days B.For a good marathon runner C.Before you begin your training D.With each day, increase the distance by a half mile E.If they still feel good, you can begin running in them F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G.Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time 第三部分

英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Where do you go when you want to learn something? School? A friend? A tutor? These are all

places of learning.But it may well be that the learning you really want

somewhere else instead.I had the

of seeing this first hand on a

44.My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team.They did well this season and so

a tournament, which normally was only for more skilled club teams.This led to some 46 experiences on Saturday as they played against teams

trained.Through the first two games, her

did not get one serious shot on goal.As a parent, I

seeing my daughter playing her best，50

still defeated.It seemed that something clicked with the

between Saturday and Sunday.When they

for their Sunday game, they were

different.They had begun to integrate(融合)the kinds of play and teamwork they had

the day before into their

55.They played aggressively and

scored a goal.It

me that playing against the other team was a great

moment for all the girls on the team.I think it is a general principle.59

is the best teacher.The lessons they learned may not be

what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to work them out on their own.41.A.public

B.traditional

C.official

D.special 42.A.passes

B.works

C.lies

43.A.dream

C.habit

44.A.trip

C.weekend

45.A.won

C.organized

46.A.painful

C.common

47.A.less

C.newly

48.A.fans

C.class

49.A.imagined C.avoided

50.A.if

C.but

D.ends

D.chance

D.square

D.watched

D.practical

D.better

D.team

D.missed

D.as

B.idea

B.holiday

B.entered

B.strange

B.poorly

B.tutors

B.hated

B.or

51.A.girls

B.parents

C.coaches

D.viewers 52.A.dressed

B.showed up

C.made up

D.planned 53.A.slightly

B.hardly

C.basically

D.completely 54.A.seen

B.known

C.heard

D.read 55.A.styles

B.training

C.game

D.rules 56.A.even

B.still

C.seldom

D.again 57.A.confused

B.struck

C.reminded

D.warned 58.A.touching

B.thinking

C.encouraging

D.learning 59.A.Experience

B.Independence

C.Curiosity

D.Interest 60.A.harmful to

B.mixed with

C.different from

D.applied to 第二节 语篇填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The adobe dwellings(土坯房)61（build）by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even

most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their

(able)to “air condition” a house without

64(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat

65(slow)during cool nights, thus warming the house.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough

(cool)the house during the hot day;67

the same time, they warm up again for the night.This cycle

(go)day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As

(nature)architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly

thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.第Ⅱ卷

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）

第二节

短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词作斜线（）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him drying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.Mom said,“How nice to see you again!Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

86.假如你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院（nursing home）陪老人们国重阳节（the Double Ninth Festival）。请给外教Lucy写封邮件，邀她一同前往，内容包括： 1.出发及返回时间；

2.活动：包饺子、表演节目等。注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.结语已为你写好。

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your reply.Yours Li Hua

【参考答案】 【答案】 21.C 22.A 23.D 24.D 22.A 词义推测题。根据后一句，幸运的是，我不用整晚上看电影了，否则我不能睡觉了，故选A。

23.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，可知作者修电视机花了62美元，故选D。

24.D推理判断题。根据开头说：没有电视节目就可以睡觉，中间还说晃动电视来锻炼肌肉，可知作者语调幽默。故选D。考点：故事类短文阅读

【答案】 25.B 26.B 27.C 28.A 26.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话in one study,......可知在蓝色的房间内人吃的相对较少。

27.C 推理判断题。最后一段介绍，要想少吃，要用小碗小勺，前面介绍说到，吃得快，房间暗会增加饮食，放舒缓的音乐有助于减少饮食的速度和进食量。故选C。

28.A主旨大意题。根据开头的后文可知，本文就房间的布置给那些想减肥的人士提了一些建议。所以选A可以更好地概括全文。

考点：科普类短文阅读

【答案】 29.C 30.A 31.B 32.C 30.A 细节理解题。由人名定位到短文第三段。第三段在说它的优点，有间隔年之后再去上大学，会让人更成熟有责任感，对大学的学习有帮助。故选A。考点：社会社会类短文阅读

【答案】 33.B 34.D 35.A 34.D细节理解题。根据每一部分的价格介绍：Tour A到3月17日为￡37，Tour B为￡36，Tour C为￡37，Tour D为￡33，故选D。

35.A细节理解题。根据Hampton was once the home of four Kings and one Queen判断答案为A。考点：广告类短文阅读。

【答案】 36.C 37.E 38.A 39.D 40.G 37.E考查对上下文的理解。上文提到：穿着鞋走走路以确保合适，下文提到跑。所以这里应该说如果穿着的感觉很好，就可以跑了。故选E。

38.A考查对上下文的理解。上文提到练习的第一周怎么做，下文提到第二周，所以这里应该是练习一周后稍做休息，一周是6天，故选A。

39.D考查对上下文的理解。这里在讨论逐渐加长跑步的距离，每天增加一定的距离才合理，故选D。

40.G考查对上下文的理解。最后是提速。在规定的距离内如何训练自己跑得快。这样才能参加比赛。故选G。考点：生活类短文阅读。

【答案】 41.B 42.C 43.D 44.C 45.B 46.A 47.D 48.D 49.B 50.C 51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.C 56.A 57.B 58.D 59.A 60.C 42.C考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.passes传递；B.works起作用；C.lies在于； D.ends结束。本句应该分析句子结构：the learning 后是定语从句you really want，所以这里所填的是做谓语的动词。真正想要的学习却不在上述的这些地方，在其他的地方。故选C。

43.D考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.dream梦想；B.idea想法；C.habit习惯；D.chance机会。我有机会看到了这样的学习。44.C考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.trip旅行；B.holiday假期；C.weekend周末；D.square广场。从下文的周六的比赛会很艰苦和It seemed that something clicked with the

between Saturday and Sunday.可知，是周末发生的事。

45.B考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.won赢；B.entered进入；C.organized组织；D.watched观看。从下文可知，女儿所在的足球队打得好所以进入了锦标赛。

46.A考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.painful痛苦的；B.strange奇怪的；C.common普通的；D.practical 实用的。由语境可知，对手比作者女儿的队better trained，可以推断这将是一场痛苦的比赛。

47.D考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.less少于；B.poorly差的；C.newly新的；D.better更好的。根据常识可知，进入锦标赛的一般都是训练更好的队伍。

48.D考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.fans粉丝；B.tutors教练；C.class班；D.team队。根据上下文可知，是女儿所在的足球队没进球得分。49.B考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.imagined想象；B.hated不喜欢；

C.avoided避免；D.missed想念，错过。作为家长，一般都不会喜欢看自己的孩子尽力了，又要输。

50.C考查连词以及对语境的理解。A.if 如果；B.or或者；C.but但是；D.as因为。根据上文可知，没进球，自己的孩子尽力了却要输，这是作为家长所不愿意看到的。

51.A考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.girls女孩；B.parents家长；C.coaches教练；D.viewers观众。本文一直在说女儿，当然应该是说女孩子们的变化。

52.B考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.dressed给„„穿衣服；B.showed up出现；C.made up编造；D.planned计划。从下文可知，周日和周六的表现完全不同。

53.D考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.slightly轻微地；B.hardly几乎不；C.basically基本地；D.completely完全地；根据后面文章可知，这些孩子们表现和之前完全不同，completely符合语境。54.A考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.seen看；B.known

知道；C.heard听到；D.read读。她们把她们所看到的球队的打法运用到自己的比赛中。

55.C考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.styles风格；B.training

训练；C.game比赛；D.rules规则。她们把前一天在赛场上看到的打法和团队精神运用到自己的赛场上。所以才和以前不同。59.A考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.Experience经历；B.Independence独立；C.Curiosity好奇；D.Interest兴趣。结合全文的意思可知，经历是最好的老师。

60.C考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.harmful to对„„有伤害；B.mixed with混合；C.different from不同；D.applied to应用于。亲身体验得到的东西和在学校里学到的可能不同，但是更有个性有意义。

考点：教育类短文阅读。

【答案】 61.built 62.the 63.ability 64.using 65.slowly 66.to cool 67.at 68.goes 69.natural 70.how 64.using

介词without后接动名词use去掉字母e再加-ing。65.slowly 用slow的副词形式slowly修饰动词give out.66.to cool 形容词加enough后接不定式。67.at

at the same time是固定词组。

68.goes

根据上下文，此处用一般现在时态。这种循环日复一日。

69.natural 形容词做定语修饰名词architects。

70.how 根据句意，应用how修饰形容词thick，连接宾语从句。考点：语法填空。

【答案】

71.parent改为parents 72.on改为in 73.very去掉 74.looks改为looking 75.where改为that 或者去掉 where 76.begun改为began 77.telling改为told 78.a改为the 79.saw后加his 80.terrible改为terribly 【解析】

试题分析：本文讲述了小男孩Tony和父母上街购物，街上人多，Tony没有告诉父母就独自进了一家商店，结果和父母走散，后来在街上又得以相见的故事。71.parent改为parents 看下文可知，是父母两个，所以用parents。72.on改为in Tony走进商店，说明玩具在橱窗里面，用in。73.very去掉

这里是“如此喜欢以至于”的意思，应该是：like so much that„.74.looks改为looking after之后跟从句或v-ing形式，故looks改为looking。

75.where改为that 或者去掉 where found后面的宾语从句是陈述句，故where改为that或者去掉where。

76.begun改为began and前后的谓语动词时态要一致，故begun改为began。

77.telling改为told and前后的谓语动词时态要一致，see和tell是并列谓语，故telling改为told。

78.a改为the 由上下文可知，此处shop是第二次出现，应该用定冠词，故a改为the。

79.saw后加his 由上下文可知，他看到的是他的父母，故 saw后加his。

80.terrible改为terribly 修饰形容词worried要用副词，故 terrible改为terribly。考点：语法填空。

Dear Lucy, I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.It is the day for the elderly in our culture.We’ll go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly people there.We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.We should be back around 4 o’clock in the afternoon.If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the gate at 9 in the morning.Looking forward to your reply.Yours Li Hua 【解析】

试题分析：本篇书面表达属于英文书信，根据提示信息说明邀请Lucy去参加的活动和时间等。写作时注意以下几点：

1、仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确三个要点：邀请、时间、具体活动。

2、提纲是文章的总体框架，要在提纲的范围内进行分析、构思和想象。要依据提示情景或词语，按照一定逻辑关系来写。本文写作时可以按照要点所给的顺序写。

3、根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般将来时态。4.注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，层次分明。We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.中用了which引导的定语从句和句式spend time doing。此外，还有if从句以及一些短语如invite you to join us，for a visit to，make dumplings等。考点：考查提纲作文。

第四篇：2017高考真题北京卷 语文

2017年高三2017年北京卷语文

语文

简答题（综合题）（本大题共4小题，每小题____分，共____分。）

1.阅读下面材料，完成1—8题。材料一

首都博物馆正在举办两个精品展，一个是南昌汉代汉昏侯考古成果展，一个是纪念殷墟妇好墓考古发掘四十周年特展。展览甫一开始，便引来热切关注，预约名额很快告罄。文物曾“无人问津”，只为少数专家学者所识，如今竟备受大众青睐。这反映了大众对文物价值的渴求，也提醒我们，要合理利用文物，充分发掘其文化内涵，让沉睡的古老文物“活”起来，发挥它们在公众知史爱国、鉴物审美，以及技艺传承、文化养心等方面的作用。文物是人类触摸历史的“活化石”，每一件文物都是历史故事的讲述者。一件件出土文物，一个个考古故事，足以让每个观展者沉浸在千年历史之中——无论是拿着放大镜对着一枚玉器细细观察的老人，还是那些被罕见金饼“亮瞎眼”的年轻人。很难想象，三千多年前的工匠，如何将一块玉石切割成型，又琢磨成高8.1厘米，厚只有0.3厘米、憨态可掬的对尾鹦鹉。那一套套大气而不失华丽的西汉编钟，虽静默无声，却仿佛让我们听到了古老的宫商角徽羽……那些走向博物馆的热切步伐，让我们看到了经济快速发展后现代人对“精品文化”消费的需求，更看到了现代人对自己从哪里来、到哪里去的历史追问。精美的文物凝聚着工匠们的心血和智慧，不仅代表了当时高超的技艺水平，而且有助于现代技术发展。古代不少青铜器都是用失蜡法制造的。20世纪初，德国人曾用失蜡法铸造工业用齿轮；1929年，又对失蜡法进行改造，以硅酸乙酯为耐火涂料，用熔点达1500℃的铬钨钴合金制成假牙。第二次世界大战期间，美国人奥斯汀在云南保山见到用失蜡法铸成的青铜器，大受启发，铸成了喷气发动机叶片和涡轮盘。之后，失蜡法技艺发展成为现代精密铸造技术。

（取材于杨雪梅、黄洋的相关文章）

(1)下列对材料一的理解，不正确的一项是()（3分）A.以前因为精品不多，所以文物展览观者寥

寥B.要合理利用文物，发掘其内涵，发挥其作用C.文物热反映大众对“精品文化”消费的需求D.奥斯汀从失蜡法铸造的青铜器中得到了启发

(2)下列加点字词的读音和解释，全都正确的一项是（3分）A.甫一开始：“甫”读作pǔ意思是“刚刚”B.告罄“罄”读作qìng 意思是“尽”C.乏人问津“津”读作jīn 意思是“路”D.憨态可掬：“掬”读作jǔ 意思是“令人喜爱”

材料二

文物与大众亲密接触才能实现其价值，可是与海量文物库藏相比，目前展出的文物只是九牛一毛。由于展出空间有限、担心损毁等原因，很多文物都“藏在深闺人未识”。感谢数字技术，打破了层层壁垒，盘活了很多被“雪藏”的文物，使之在线上“活”起来。大众足不出户，便可欣赏到以前难得一见的珍贵文物。在尊重历史文化遗产的基础上，数字技术不断将今人的创造融入传统文物，使之获得了新生。文物不再仅仅是摆在展柜里的静态展品，而以更加丰富多彩、生动活泼的方式走进大众，真正“活”了起来。

动漫技术在文物的文化创意中越来越受重视。三星堆博物馆与四川省文物考古研究院合作推出了数字动漫《神树的传说》，以新近发掘的海昏侯墓为素材的动画作品《海昏魔镜》也在紧锣密鼓地筹备着。借助动漫，专业的学术介绍变成了幽默的旁白和“萌萌哒”的漫画，“高冷”的文物也一下子变得活泼起来，实现了学术性、趣味性和艺术性的同意。其实，早在1981年，我国已有让文物“活”起来的动画作品——上海美术电影制片厂根据敦煌壁画《鹿王本生》的故事创作了《九色鹿》。无数人通过这部动画片知道了莫高窟，看到了敦煌壁画。

移动应用程序（APP）以新鲜时尚的方式提供给观众审美与求知、娱乐与鉴赏的多元文化体验。过去，由于保存和展出的特殊要求，五代的《韩熙载夜宴图》能够呈现在观众面前的机会十分有限。故宫博物院推出的《韩熙载夜宴图》APP弥补了这一缺憾，让观众随时随地可以欣赏这幅传世经典的精妙之处，在鲜活的文化体验中感受中国古代绘画作品的非凡魅力。此APP独创了三层立体赏析模式——总览层、鉴赏层和体验层，使这幅“数字画卷”可远观、可近赏，全方位向观众解读画作中的每个细节。点开APP，琵琶声起，拨动江南寂静的月色，观众仿佛随着画家顾闳中一起，走进韩府。画卷中的墨痕笔意、人物的衣纹表情都纤毫毕现。轻轻触动屏幕，指尖所至之处，似有烛光追随；移动“烛光”，人物、用品的名称、典故一一呈现，如同“秉烛夜读”，在静夜里与千古佳作“对话”……忽然之间，画中人“活”了起来，乐伎轻扫琵琶，舞伎翩翩起舞，画与真实的界限瞬间模糊起来，观众沉浸在画卷创造的艺术氛围之中。

虚拟现实技术（VR）借助计算机图形系统、传感器技术等生成三维环境，创造出一种崭新的人机交互状态，通过调动用户的多种感官，带来沉浸感觉。以前，游客只能在兵马俑坑外观看，有了VR技术，戴上特制的眼镜，你会发现自己置身坑内，变身成了一个兵马俑，低头就能看到自己的身体——残破却依然威严。抬起抬头来，你会发现博物馆的穹顶慢慢向两边散开，建筑逐渐退去，转化成荒野，风沙弥漫，你的身体同时下沉，身处地表起伏的俑坑之中，周围是千军万马……（取材于胡克非、张英等的相关文章）

(3)根据材料二，下列对数字技术作用的理解，不正确的一项是()（3分）A.让大众了解到更多文物 B.增强了文物的学术性价值C.增强文物欣赏的趣味性 D.帮助大众更好地理解文物

(4)根据材料二，下列成语中最能准确表达VR技术带给人的体验的一项是()（3分）A.身不由己 B.感同身受 C.设身处地 D.身临其境

(5)根据材料一和材料二，文物原来只为少数专家学者所识，现在却走近了大众。如果用诗句来描述这一现象，下列最合适的一项是()（2分）A.此曲只应天上有，人间能得几回闻B.十年窗下无人问，一举成名天下知C.莫愁前路无知己，天下谁人不识君D.旧时王谢堂前燕，飞入寻常百姓家

材料三

有的博物馆认为保护好文物不出事情是头等大事，将文物封闭在库房，秘不示人，觉得这样才可以确保万无一失。其实不然，“流水不腐，户枢不蠹”，有些文物同样如此。2010年浙江省博物馆利用馆藏的“彩凤鸣岐”和“来凰”，举办了唐代雷琴演奏会。古琴属于漆器，很难保存。这两把古琴之所以能历经千年保存下来还能使用，是因为历朝历代都有人使用它。古琴在安装上琴弦以后，才能保持力学上的平衡，不至于散架。

数字技术使文物在线上“活”起来，更是对文物的一种保护。敦煌石窟集珍贵性、脆弱性于一身，历经千年的莫高窟艺术品，每一件都像岌岌可危的病人，游客的参观成为莫高窟最大的隐患。2003年，莫高窟全年游客接待量为30多万人次，2014年已增长到81万人次。根据测算，莫高窟一天的游客接待量极限在3000人次左右，而黄金周的日接待量曾超过2万人次，莫高窟不堪重负。实验检测数据显示，40个人进入洞窟参观半小时，洞窟内空气中的二氧化碳含量升高5倍，空气相对湿度上升10%，空气温度升高4℃，这都有可能侵蚀壁画，加速其老化。在自然和认为因素的双重作用下，彩塑和壁画正在缓慢退化，千百年后人们何以领略莫高窟的神韵？

面对日益增多的游客，如何化解保护和利用的矛盾？敦煌数字化工程，犹如一缕明媚的科技之光，照进古老的莫高窟。有了数字化展示中心，游览模式发生了变化，艺术体验搬到洞窟外面，游客先通过数字化体验艺术“做足功课”，再进个别洞窟实际体验。这种模式既能满足游客看真品的需求，同时又减少了在洞窟内的停留时间，减少了对莫高窟的破坏。中心建成后，游客停留时间由2小时缩短至70分钟左右，莫高窟最高日接待游客量因此可提高到6000人次。

(6)根据材料三，下列关于文物保护的说法，不正确的一项是()（2分）A.将文物“深藏闺中”不是最好的保护方法 B.实际上有些文物使用起来反而有利于保存C.二氧化碳含量的降低会加速壁画的老化 D.彩塑和壁画的退化也有自然因素的作用

(7)根据材料三，下列对敦煌“数字化展示中心”作用的理解，不正确的一项是()（2分）A.减少了莫高窟的游客接待量B.改变了洞窟的游览模式C.缩短了游客在洞窟内的停留时间 D.减少了游览对莫高窟的破坏

(8)请结合上述三则材料，简述让文物“活”起来的含义与作用。（6分）2.阅读下面的文言文，完成9—14题。

秦废封建

秦初并天下，丞相绾等言：“燕、齐、荆地远，不置王无以镇之，____。” 始皇下其议，群臣皆以为便。廷尉斯曰：“周文、武所封子弟同姓甚众，然后属疏远，相攻击如仇雠，诸侯更相诛伐，天子不能禁止。今海内赖陛下神灵一统，皆为郡县。____，甚易制；天下无异意，则安宁之术也。置诸侯不便。”始皇曰：“天下共苦战斗不休，以有侯王。赖宗庙天下初定，又复立国，是树兵也，而求其宁息，岂不难哉!廷尉议是。”分天下为三十六郡，郡置守、尉、监。

苏子曰：圣人不能为时，亦不失时。时非圣人之所能为也，能不失时而已。三代之兴，诸侯无罪不可夺削，因而____，可得乎？此所谓不能为时者也。周衰，诸侯相并，齐、晋、秦、楚皆千余里，其势足以建侯树屏。至于七国皆称王，行天子之事，然终不封诸侯，不立强家世卿者，以鲁三桓、晋六卿、齐田氏为戒也。久矣，世之畏诸侯之祸也，非独李斯、始皇知之。

始皇既并天下，分郡邑，置守宰，理固当然，如冬裘夏葛，时之所宜，非人之私智独见也，所谓不失时者，而学士大夫多非之。汉高帝欲立六国后，张子房以为不可，李斯之论与子房无异。高帝闻子房之言，知诸侯之不可复，明矣。然卒王韩信、彭越、英布、卢绾，岂独高帝所为，子房亦与焉。故柳宗元曰：“____” 昔之论封建者甚众，宗元之论出，而诸子之论废矣，虽圣人复起，不能易也。故吾取其说而附益之，曰：凡有血气必争，争必以利，利莫大于封建。封建者，争之端而乱之始也。自书契以来，臣弑其君，子弑其父，父子兄弟相贼杀，有不出于袭封而争位者乎？____至汉以来，君臣父子相贼虐者，皆诸侯王子孙，其馀卿大夫不世袭者，盖未尝有也。近世无复封建，则此祸几绝。仁人君子，忍复开之欤？故吾以为李斯、始皇之言，柳宗元之论，当为万世法也。【1】（取材于宋·苏轼《东坡志林》）注释：【1】书契：指有文字记载。

(9)下列对句中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是()（3分）A．然后属疏远 属：亲属B．诸侯更相诛伐 更：交替C．子房亦与焉 与：参与 D．不能易也 易：交换

(10)下列各组语句中加点词的意义和用法，不同的一项是()（3分）A．以有侯王 争必以利B．三代之兴 知诸侯之不可复C．而学士大夫多非之 而诸子之论废矣 D．袭封而争位者 君臣父子相贼虐者

(11)下列对文中语句的理解，不正确的一项是()（3分）A．请立诸子 请立各位皇子为诸侯王B．诸子功臣以公赋税重赏赐之

诸皇子和功臣们皆封侯并用国家的赋税重赏他们C．君之虽欲罢侯置守，可得乎 君主即使想要废除封侯的制度设置郡守，能行得通吗D．封建非圣人意也，势也 分封诸侯的制度不是圣人的本意，而是时势使然(12)将下面的句子译为现代汉语。（6分）①时非圣人之能为也，能不失时而已。

②自三代圣人以礼乐教化天下，至刑措不用，然终不能已篡弑之祸。

(13)下列对文意的理解，不正确的一项是()（3分）A．文题“秦废封建”意指秦王朝建立后废除了三代以来分封诸侯的国家制度。B．始皇不急于说出己见，而让群臣议论丞相的谏言，群臣多赞成丞相的意见。C．廷尉李斯深谙时移世变，以史为鉴，力排众议，反对恢复分封诸侯的制度。D．苏东坡学养深厚，纵论古今，鞭辟入里，指出了分封制和郡县制各有优劣。

(14)第三段末句“故柳宗元曰：‘封建非圣人意也，势也’”，这是作者借柳宗元的话做出的判断。请用自己的话具体说明作者做出这个判断的直接依据。（5分）3.本大题共4小题，共18分。阅读下面这首词，完成15—18题。晓行巴峡 王维 际晓投巴峡，馀春忆帝京。晴江一女浣，朝日众鸡鸣。水国舟中市，山桥树杪行。登高万井出，眺迥二流明。【1】人作殊方语，莺为故国声。赖多山水趣，稍解别离情。注释：【1】树杪：树梢。

（15）下列对本诗的理解，不正确的一项是（）（3分）A.巴峡乡邑旭日东升，众鸡鸣唱，晴朗的江边一个女子在浣洗。B.水国乡民在舟中行商，山上有桥，行人走在桥上，如在书树颠。C.诗人登高远眺，万亩良田，井然有序，二水流过，分外澄明。D.诗人在暮春之际来到巴峡，山水之趣宽解着诗人的离愁别绪。

（16）“人作殊方语，莺为故国声”一联中，鸟雀之声传递了作者的思乡之情。下列诗句采用这一写作手法的一项是（）（3分）A.欲暮黄鹂啭，伤心玉镜台。（王昌龄《古意》）B.天寒雁声急，岁晚客程遥。（晁补之《吴松道中》）C.苍鸠鸣竹间，两两自相语。（张耒《感春》）D.殷勤报春去，恰恰一莺啼。（杨万里《和仲良春晚即事》）

（17）同样是描绘山峡，《晓行巴峡》与下列诗句相比，在运用意象、抒发情感方面有何不同？请结合诗句，具体分析。（6分）

巴东三峡巫峡长，猿鸣三声泪沾裳。（郦道元《水经注》）玉露凋伤枫树林，巫山巫峡气萧森。（杜甫《秋兴八首》）

（18）在横线上填写作品原句。（6分）

①本诗描绘的是巴峡风俗，而陶渊明《归园田居》描绘的则是田园风光，其诗云：“ _______，________。狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠。”

②本诗写到了登高望远，王勃《滕王阁序》中也有登高望远的语句：“披绣闼，俯雕甍，_______，________。”

③本诗与辛弃疾《菩萨蛮》同为游记之作，辛词云：“青山遮不住，毕竟东流水。________，_________。” 4.本大题共6小题，共24分。阅读下面的作品，完成19—24题。

根河之恋

根河是鄂温克人的母亲河。

春天，根河从吼吼的冰层中泛起春潮，和的巨大生命力迸发开来，它推去坚木，欢快地伸展腰肢，向远方那个而去。这破冰时节的河水才是它真正的本色，纯真清冽，水晶一般透明。这条原自大兴安岭的河，原本的名字“葛根高勒”，正是清澈透明的意思。在一个个春天的日子里，根河回到童年，回到本真，然后再一次次丰满成熟，将涓涓乳汁流送给两岸的万千生物。

传统的鄂温克人跟森林河流贴得最近。他们与驯鹿为伴，生活起居、狩猎劳动，都离不开看上去“四不像”的驯鹿。眼下，这些温顺的大鹿在全世界已所剩不多，鄂温克人结束了最后的狩猎，放下了猎枪。他们离开森林，进入城市或远走他乡，但敖鲁古雅部落受人尊重的长辈94岁的玛丽亚·索一步也不想离开她的驯鹿。

一踏进根河，我就听说了她美丽的名字。先前见到过作家乌热尔图为这位老奶奶拍的一张照片。白桦林里，老人穿着长袍，披着头巾，侧身站在一头七叉犄角的驯鹿钱，她微微佝偻着身子，皱巴巴的手轻抚着鹿柔细的皮毛。鹿依偎在她的袍子下，那儿一定有着母亲的气息。她神色沉静而坚毅，嘴角两旁的皱纹宛如桦树皮上的纹路，仿佛她的脸上就印着她相守了一生的森林。她或许就是根河的化身，充满了母性的慈祥，又有着丰富的传奇。年轻时她漂亮能干，是大兴安岭远近闻名的女猎手，与丈夫在密林里行走，打到猎物无论多远，总是她领着驯鹿运回部落。这位伟大的母亲至今仍恬然生活在她的鹿群之中。其实我很想去为玛丽亚·索拍一张照片。这些年，涌到玛丽亚·索猎民点参观游览的人络绎不绝，但我想，我这样匆匆来去，怎能配得上她的丰厚？怎能有乌热尔图探望她时目光里的深沉呢？

因为乌热尔图是根河的儿子。当年，这位从小生活在大兴安岭的鄂温克青年捧着他的《琥珀色的篝火》走上了文坛，刹时让人眼前一亮。人们从他的小说里，认识了这个寂寞又热烈的民族。出乎意料的是，乌热尔图后来辞去京官重返故乡。时隔多年，当我行走在呼伦贝尔草原上，那些将天边画出蜿蜒起伏线条的山丘，那些怒放成海洋或孤零零独自开放的鲜花，那些低头吃草或昂头沉思的马群，还有那些袒露在草原上始终默默流淌的河，都让人忍不住心潮起伏。这位鄂温克作家返乡的理由还需要问吗？就是这草原这河流这民族，是祖先留在他身体里的血脉在涌动啊！

乌热尔图在回到草原以后的日子里，完成了《呼伦贝尔笔记》等一系列著作和摄影作品，那是他数十载的文化寻根，是他作为一个鄂温克的儿子，对母亲的深情眷恋与报答。我们山外的人远道来看山，原本住在山上的人却搬下了山。

人类到了21世纪，越来越意识到人与自然必须平等相处。生活在根河的大多数鄂温克人恋恋不舍地告别了山林，将更多的空间留给了无边的草木以及驯鹿、黑熊、狼、灰鼠和蝴蝶。在离城市不远的一个地方，新建了童话般的家园，这座小城就叫了根河。

我们去到那里时，从山林里搬出的鄂温克人正三三两两地在自家门前干着一些零碎的活儿。男人穿着时尚的T恤和牛仔裤，女人们烫了发，有的还挑染成了黄的深红的，她们的裙子仍然长长的，跟老去的玛丽亚•索一样，但却是城市里流行的花色。

这里的房屋都是政府投资兴建的，咖啡色外墙，小尖顶，搬进来的一家家鄂温克人按照自己的想法装扮屋子，盘算着未来。鄂温克人与外族人通婚是常见的事情，近些年更为普通，他们的孩子大多取的是鄂温克名字，成为这新部落的新一代。这里曾有过多年的繁忙，大兴安岭的木材源源不断地从根河运往大江南北。眼下，过往的一切留在了画册里。伐木工变作了看林人，大批工人需要学习新技能，谋求新职业，他们在努力与以往告别，与未来接轨。

根河天亮得很早。走到窗前一看，根河就在眼前，河对面的广场上已经有许多人在翩翩起舞，似乎这个小城的人都聚集在此了。根河的水伴着音乐荡漾，我忍不住踱过根河桥，进入了舞者的欢乐。用不着有任何忐忑，大家都是这样笑着来又笑着去的。这些根河小城中的曼妙舞者啊！我模仿着她们举手投足，扭动腰肢，想象着生活在此的种种愉悦。那是我度过的最为愉快的时刻。

阳光将河水映照得流光溢彩。____，我只能记住这些人和这些让人眷恋的时光。（19）下列词语在文中的意思，理解不正确的一项是（）（2分）A.恬然：自然放松，沉静从容B.袒露：毫不遮掩，毫无保留地展现C.盘算：精打细算D.曼妙：舞姿轻盈而美丽（20）下列对文章的理解与赏析，不正确的一项是（）（3分）A.传统的鄂温克人生活在山里，以打猎为生，驯鹿是他们生活、劳动的重要帮手B.乌热尔图为玛利亚·索拍摄的照片，生动地表现了她历经的沧桑与母性的慈祥。C.第六段中作者运用排比和拟人的修辞手法，展现了呼伦贝尔草原的美丽风光D.搬出山林的鄂温克女子穿上了城市里流行的裙子，过上了快乐时尚的新生活

（21）第二段写出了根河的哪些特点？有什么象征意义？（5分）

（22）作者在结尾说“我知道我虽然来过了，但却远远抵达不了这河的深奥”。请根据文意，说明“这河的深奥”的含义，“抵达不了”的原因及作者寄托的情感。（6分）（23）文章叙写了玛利亚，乌热尔图和走出山林的人们，请分别概括他们各自：根河之恋的表现。作者这样构思体现了怎样的匠心？（6分）

（24）鄂温克人与根河有着密切的联系。下列对经典作品中环境与人物的联系，理解不正确的一项是（）（3分）A.大观园是《红楼梦》中人物活动的一个主要场所。正是这个众姐妹诗意生活着的“世外桃源”，造就了贾宝玉力求摆脱世俗的叛逆性格。B.《边城》的故事发生在20世纪30年代湘西小镇茶峒。山明水净的湘西风光，映衬了翠翠、爷爷、傩送等人物心灵的澄澈与人性的善良美好。C.《红岩》讲述的是在黎明前的黑暗里共产党员在监狱中艰苦卓绝的斗争。牢房的阴暗、刽子手的凶残，突显了革命者新年的坚定、意志的坚强。D.《阿Q正传》写的故事以辛亥革命时期的未庄为主要场景。赵太爷、假洋鬼子为代表的的统治阶级对阿Q的压迫和欺凌，是阿Q“精神胜利法”形成的重要原因。

书面表达（本大题共____分。）

5.微写作（10分）

从下面三个题目中任选一题，按要求作答。180字左右。

①《根河之恋》里，鄂温克人从原有的生活方式走向了新生活，《平凡的世界》里也有类似的故事。请你从中选取一个例子，叙述情节，并作简要点评。要求：符合原著内容，条理清楚。

②请从《红楼梦》中的林黛玉、薛宝钗、史湘云、香菱之中选择一人，用一种花来比喻她，并简要陈述这样比喻的理由。要求：依据原著，自圆其说。

③如果请你从《边城》里的翠翠、《红岩》里的江姐、《一件小事》里的人力车夫、《老人与海》里的桑提亚哥之中，选择一个人物，依据某个特定情境，为他（她）设计一尊雕像，你将怎样设计呢？要求：描述雕像的体态、外貌、神情等特征，并依据原著说明设计的意图。

书面表达（本大题共____分。）

6.作文（50分）

从下面两个题目中任选一题，按要求作答。不少于700字。将题目抄在答题卡上。①纽带是能够七练习作用的人或事物。任性需要纽带凝聚。当今时代，经济全球化的发展、文化的交流、历史的传承、社会的安宁、校园的和谐都需要纽带。请以“说纽带”为题，写一篇论文。要求：观点明确，论据充分，论证合理。

②2049年，我们的共和国将迎来百年华诞。届时加入请你拍摄一幅或几幅照片来展现中华民族伟大复兴的辉煌成就，你讲选择怎样的画面？

请展开想象，以“共和国，我为你拍照”为题，写一篇记叙文。

要求：想象合理，有叙述，有描写。可以写宏达的画面，也可以写小的场景，以小见大。

答案

简答题 1.(1)A(2)B(3)B(4)D(5)D(6)C(7)A(8)含义：借助数字技术，文物不再仅仅是摆在展柜里的静态展品，而是以更加丰富多彩、生动活泼的方式走近大众。

作用：1.使大众更好地更全面地了解文物。2.可以更好地保护文物。2.(9)D(10)A(11)B(12)①时运不是圣人能够左右的，（圣人）只是能够不失去时运（或者“抓住时运”）罢了。

②从三代以来圣人用礼乐教化天下，以至于刑罚放置不用，但最终也不能终止篡权弑君的祸患。(13)D(14)①时势、时运不是个人能力所能左右的，个人在时势、时运面前只能顺应，而无法改变。②李斯、张良等人因为对时势、时运有清醒认识，所以能提出分封诸侯的建议，而消除因分封而产生的祸患。3.（15）C（16）B（17）意象：本诗选取浣女、鸡鸣、舟市、山桥、万井、莺啼等富有生活气息的意象，而另两首诗歌选取的猿鸣、枫树林等意象多为自然景物。

抒情：本诗作者陶醉于山水之趣，宽解了诗人的离愁别绪。另两首诗歌都有沉郁惆怅凄凉之感，离家远去思乡之意。（18）

1）暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。2）山原旷其盈视，川泽纡其骇瞩。3）江晚正愁余，山深闻鹧鸪。4.（19）C（20）D(21)参考特点：有生命力，欢快奔腾；纯真清冽，清澈透明；水势浩大，哺育万物。象征意义：鄂温克人的纯明深厚博大的母亲；也象征着鄂温克人淳朴和顽强的民族性格。(22)参考含义：是指鄂温克人的民族精神

原因：作者是作为游赏者而不并不是鄂温克人，无法切实体验这里生活的真意 情感：对这种愉悦的生活的赞美和向往(23)参考要点: 表现：玛丽亚索——恬然的生活在鹿群里 乌热尔图——辞去京官重返故乡

走出山林的人们——将更多的空间留给无边的草木和动物,对根河对自然的挚爱。匠心：他们代表了鄂温克人几种典型的生活状态，虽然生活方式和具体做法不同，但是都表现出对根河对大自然的无限深挚的爱恋。(24)A 书面表达 5.略 6.略

解析

简答题 1.(1)A选项属于无中生有，文中没有提什么原因造成以前文物展览参观者寥寥，只是说“文物曾‘无人问津’，只为少数专家学者所识，如今竟备受大众青睐”这一现象；B选项在文章第一段“要合理利用文物，充分挖掘其文化内涵。”，所以是对的；C选项在文章第二段段尾，“让我们看到了经济快速发展后现代人对‘精品文化’消费的需求”，所以是对的；D选项在文章第三段段尾“美国人奥斯汀在云南保山见到用失蜡法铸成的青铜器，大受启发，铸成了喷气发动机叶片和涡轮盘”，所以是对的。

(2)A“甫”读作fǔ C “津”意思是“渡口” D“掬”读作jū意为“两手捧东西”。(3)B选项无中生有，文中提到三种数字技术的作用：一是动漫技术在文物的文化创意中越来越受重视；二是移动应用程序（APP）以新鲜时尚的方式提供给观众审美与求知、娱乐与鉴赏的多元文化体验；三是虚拟现实技术（VR）借助计算机图形系统、传感器技术等生成三维环境，创造出一种崭新的人机交互状态，通过调动用户的多种感官，带来沉浸感觉。第二段中“实现了学术性，趣味性，和艺术性的统一”中是指实现三者统一，并不是说学术性本身有所增强，所以B选项错误；A选项第一段中“盘活了更多被雪藏的文物，使之在线上活起来，大众足不出户，便可以欣赏到以前难得一见的珍贵文物”，所以是对的；C选项第二段中，“借助动漫，专业的学术介绍变成了幽默的旁白和“萌萌哒”漫画，使高冷需哦一的文物活泼起来，”，最后一段，身临其境的感觉，所以是对的；D选项第二段中，动漫的形式活泼，第三段中，APP以新鲜时尚的方式提供给观众，第四段中VR技术让用户调动各种感官，都是更好的理解的体现，所以是对的。

(4)D选项身临其境：亲自到了那个境地；最符合VR技术带给人的体验，所以正确。A选项，身不由己：身体不由自己作主；B选项，感同身受：心里很感激，就象自己亲身领受到一样。现在多比喻虽未亲身经历，却如同亲身经历过一般；C选项，设身处地：设想自己处在别人的那种境地，指替别人的处境着想。

(5)D项“旧时王谢堂前燕，飞入寻常百姓家”意为当年贵族家中的燕子如今飞进寻常百姓家中，既然原文意思是说“文物原来只为少数专家学者所识，现在却走近了大众”，符合这一意思的就是D项。A选项“此曲只应天上有，人间能得几回闻”意为这样的乐曲只应该天上有，人间里哪能听见几回？意为赞美乐曲好听；B选项“十年窗下无人问，一举成名天下知”是说古代读书人十年寒窗没人知道，但当考上功名后，一举成名天下皆知；C选项“莫愁前路无知己，天下谁人不识君”，意为不要担心往后不会遇到知己，天下还有谁不认识你呢？指认识、了解的人多。

(6)C项正好说反了，原文中说“洞窟内空气中的二氧化碳含量升高5倍……这都有可能侵蚀壁画，加速其老化”。A选项在文中第一段说“将文物封闭在库房，秘不示人，觉得这样才可以确保万无一失，其实不然”，所以是对的；B选项在文中第一段“这两把古琴之所以经历千年保存下来还能使用，是因为历朝历代都有人使用它”，所以是对的；D选项在第二段“在自然和人为因素的双重作用下，彩塑和壁画正在慢慢退化”，所以是对的。(7)A项正好说反了，原文中说“减少了在洞窟内的停留时间，减少了对莫高窟的破坏”，并且“ 莫高窟最高日接待游客量因此可提高到6000人次”。B选项第三段“有了数字化展示中心，游览模式发生了变化”，所以是对的；C选项在第三段“同时又减小了在洞窟内的停留时间”，所以是对的；D选项在第三段“减少了对莫高窟的破坏”，所以是对的。

(8)三则材料都在说使文物“活”起来，就是运用先进的数字技术，使文物从展览柜里走进大众，结合文本，很容易概括出要点。2.(9)易：改变

(10)A连词，因为/介词，因为 B助词，用于主谓之间，取消句子独立性 C连词，表承接关系 D助词，表判断

(11)“皆封侯”错，文中并没有“皆封侯”的意思，并且文本重点论述的就是不封侯，应翻译为“诸位皇子和功臣可以用国家的赋税分别重赏他们”(12)①时，时运；之，用于主谓之间，不译；为，作为，引申为左右；也，表判断；能，能够；而已，罢了。②自，从；以，用；至，以至于；刑，刑罚；措，放置；然，表转折，但是；已，终止；祸，祸患。

(13)D项“苏东坡指出了分封制和郡县制各有优劣”的说法不正确，根据原文，苏东坡在文中明确表达了“故吾以为李斯、始皇之言，柳宗元之论，当为万世法也。”的观点，也就是说他认为分封制是有弊端的，文中并未论述分封制和郡县制各自的优劣。(14)文中作者论述的是分封制的弊端，作者在第三段的判断从上下文都能找到依据。3.（15）此题考查对诗歌内容的理解，根据对诗歌整体内容的理解和感知，抓住重点词语“万井”分析，“井”字在古汉语中指的是市井，村落，这里指山城住户，万井就是千家万户。诗人登高远眺，看见的应该是千家万户的场景，而不是万亩良田，井然有序。而且巴峡地形以丘陵、山地居多，很难有万亩良田出现。A选项中，通过文字“际晓”可以看出是“旭日东升”，通过“众鸡鸣”可以看出众鸡鸣唱，通过“晴江一女浣”一句可以看出是晴朗的江边一个女子在浣洗。B选项中，通过“水国舟中市，山桥树杪行”两句中，乡民在舟中行商，桥很高，所以人在桥上行走，像在树颠上一样。D选项中，结合诗句“馀春”看出来季节是在“暮春”，通过“忆帝京”、“稍解别离情”可以得出诗人借山水之趣来宽解离愁别绪。

（16）此联是借景抒情的手法，通过莺声渲染凄凉氛围，表现作者的思乡之情，B项也是通过雁声的凄惨、归家路途遥远来渲染作者离家在外的思乡之情和旅途中的孤独，手法相同。

（17）《晓行巴峡》描写了巴峡周围的景色和风土人情。“清江”“浣衣的少女”“鸡鸣”“江面上舟船”“江岸远山”“山桥”等，这些美丽的景象。因为身在异乡，难免有思乡之愁。尤其是听到人们说着异乡方言，莺啼还是故乡声音的时候。幸得山水有许多的意趣，才能稍稍缓解他的离别之情。

“巴东三峡巫峡长，猿鸣三声泪沾裳。”选用“猿鸣”，猿声凄异其哀转之声，正好与人临于险境时之不安心声相撞击，产生惊惧之情，从而倍感凄楚，深味行路之难。“泪沾裳”，从而产生“怀士”之心，后悔何为而远离家乡，远离亲人，涉险至此。

“玉露凋伤枫树林，巫山巫峡气萧森”，选用“玉露”“枫树林”等景物，“玉露”即白露，秋天，草木摇落，一片萧条。“巫山巫峡”，诗人所在。用“凋伤”、“萧森”给意境笼罩着败落景象，气氛阴沉，定下全诗感情基调。

（18）理解性默写依然是考查重点，不仅要熟记相应的名句名篇，还要在理解语境的基础上准确运用，能力要求很强。4.(19)C项的“盘算”本义为“心里算计或筹划”，原文“盘算”是指鄂温克人按照自己的想法在装扮屋子，筹谋着未来的生活，题目中解释为“精打细算”，在词义侧重点和感情色彩上有出入。A项的“恬然”是指玛丽亚·索的生活状态，根据前文“她或许就是根河的化身，充满了母性的慈祥”，可以判断“自然放松、沉静从容”的解释是符合文意的。B项的“袒露”在文中用来形容河流在草原上默默流淌，毫无遮盖、毫无保留；所以“毫不遮掩、毫无保留地展现”的解释是符合文意的。D项的“曼妙”本就用于形容舞姿的优美，所以“舞姿轻盈而美丽”的解释是符合文意的。

（20）D项的内容主要出现在第10段——原文说“她们的裙子仍然长长的，跟老去的玛丽亚•索一样，但却是城市里流行的花色”，她们的裙子并不是城市里流行的裙子，只是流行的花色。表达不准确。A项的内容主要出现在第3段——“他们与驯鹿为伴，生活起居、狩猎劳动，都离不开看上去‘四不像’的驯鹿”，所以A项是正确的。B项的内容主要出现在第4段——“皱巴巴的手……母亲气息……母性的慈祥”，所以“生动地表现了她历经的沧桑与母性的慈祥”这些说法是正确的。C项的内容主要出现在第6段，排比与拟人的修辞很容易判断出来。

(21)此题从文中提炼概括就行，文中第二段写了根河的两个特点，据此可以概括出根河的特点。第一段概括说根河是鄂温克人的母亲，已经将根河比喻为母亲河第二段结尾也总结了象征意义。

(22)本文的主旨是要表达作者对鄂温克人的民族精神的赞美，进而表达作者对美好、愉悦的生活的赞美和向往。结合这一主旨，能回答此题。

(23)结合文本，可分别概括出他们的不同表现，要准确、全面即可。三种人的“根河之恋”就是他们与这片土地的羁绊，是他们在这片土地的上最热爱的东西，在文中都能找到具体内容。第二问涉及到文本的写作思路和构思，文章叙写的“玛丽亚·索、乌热尔图和走出山林的人们”实际上代表了这片土地三代人不同选择的故事，这一点其实内洽于文章的思路——试图描绘一个民族全部历史的微型画卷，进而展望未来。

(24)A选项中贾宝玉力求摆脱世俗的叛逆性格并不是由“大观园”造成的，而是由封建大家庭——贾府造成的，“大观园”是贾宝玉的精神乐土。B、C、D三项环境和人物都符合。书面表达 5.微写作1 写作时要注意两点：一是从《平凡的世界》中选择的一个情节，需要体现从原有的生活方式走向新的生活的特点；二是点评时应突出新与旧、现代与传统的关系。无论是叙述还是议论，应言简意赅，点到即止。微写作2 写作时要注意三点：一是选择的一种花应依据原著，体现人物的性格、性情、命运遭际等；二是比喻的形式应恰当；三是写作时应按照命题相关形式要求，什么花比什么人，为什么要以这种花来比这个人。

命题特点：考查学生阅读视野，要求学生有阅读量基础。对于名篇佳作精细阅读，了解原著内容，作者意图，会简单赏析评价。6.题目1：《说纽带》 命题特点: 这道作文题比较平实，接地气，有利于引发考生从家庭、社会到民族、国家展开联想和思考，有话可写，有理可议。____: 写作时可以对“纽带”这一概念加以阐释，就纽带是什么、纽带的作用、纽带缺失的危害、怎样维系纽带等问题展开议论。写作时要注意联系现实，体现议论文的时代精神与社会价值。

题目2：“共和国，我为你拍照”

____：写作体裁明确，贴近社会生活，任务要求清晰，考查考生关注社会热点，结合“中国梦”，体现立德树人思想,中华民族伟大复兴等热点话题，要求学生描绘宏大画面或微小场景，思路清晰，采用记叙文，可写度较高。

____：明晰记叙文的写作要求，文体特征需要明确。关注题干要求，合理想象，注重描写的场面，叙述技巧。中心围绕“中华民族伟大复兴的辉煌成就”，这就要求考生由现实生活入手，针对一带一路、全面建成小康社会、2020中国制造、环境保护、雄安新区、双创等中国热词出发，展开想象，细致描绘，抓住细节，生动展现。微写作

第五篇：2013北京高考英语真题难度下降,四大特点凸显

2013北京高考英语真题难度下降，四大特点凸显

新东方在线陶然

2013高考已拉下帷幕，新东方在线优能中学网络课堂、北京新东方优能中学高考英语辅导团队第一时间对2013高考各省英语卷进行了解析和点评，以下是陶然老师对北京卷的解析。

陶然老师表示，关于2013年高考英语的整体印象有以下四点：

第一，今年的命题灵活度显著下降

我们以往在命题的时候，探讨试卷的时候，总会谈到这样一个命题，命题的灵活度，考察在知识点都是固定的，通过什么样的方式把知识点呈现出来，这个题目学生看起来是什么样的表现形式，学生能够通过多少工作，把背后的考点挖出来。在以往几年的北京卷，从2010年到2012年，特别是2012年的高考，命题的灵活度是很强的，言下之意，这个题目给学生设立了很多障碍，需要思考一下，真正的考察意图把握一下。今年的命题灵活度显著下降，很直接发现题目在考什么，不是自己想的太多的话，这个题目都会做的很好。第二，考察语言的综合能力没有发生变化。

我们的英语考试一直在努力要求这么一件事，考察语言的综合运用能力。也稍微有点瘸腿，英语的语言应用，应该是听说读写译作，说和译是短板的局面，关于说口语考试，高考以前的四月份进行考察，考察和简单，各位都经历过，非常的简单，很容易。译的功能在高考里面暂时还没有体现，也是英文比较高级的要求。这时候要求语言综合能力。把独特的东西排除在外就是读和写的能力，读和写的能力，题型不变，考察的要求也不会变，考察语言的综合能力没有发生变化。

第三，传统的考点仍然保持。

经过了这么多年高考命题。从02年一直到今年，有12年的历史了，有些考点是重点，在今年的考试里面依然是重点，命题灵活度有些下降，这时候所谓的传统考点就是基础能力，能够把基础能力掌握的很好，这个卷子就能够做的很好。这是2013年考试比较显著的特征。第四，这个试卷的整体难度，相对于往年是大幅下降的.在考前其实有一些消息要传出来，包括我们也能在一些新闻里面看到，为了减轻考生的负担，今年要把考试难度下降一点，没有任何人想到会下降这么多。

以上是新东方在线优能中学网络课堂高考英语名师陶然老师对今年北京高考英语真题的四大印象，稍后将进行详细解析，敬请关注。