第一篇：2011南京导游考试英文导游词--中山陵(附图片)
中山陵（11分钟）
Dr.Sun Yatsen's mausoleum
一、景点概况（2分30秒）
4、孙中山生平
5、奉安大典
1、地理位置、建陵时间(调到5去说了)、5A级景区
2、墓址选定
3、中山陵的设计者及设计特点
1.Dr.Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum, located at the southern slope of the Purple Mountain, is the tomb of Dr.Sun Yatsen, who is the great pioneer of the Chinese democratic revolution.It’s one of the 5A Scenery Sites in Nanjing.2.The location of the mausoleum was chosen by Dr.Sun himself.You may wonder: why was Dr.Sun Yatsen buried in Nanjing instead of in his hometown or Beijing where he died? The basic reason is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Purple Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded.” So although Dr.Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him.3.The designer of the Mausoleum is Lu Yanzhi who designed it in a shape of a kind of bell, which symbolizes Dr.Sun’s spirit as the sounding of a bell that it may reach everywhere of the country and better arouse people of the Chinese nation.4.Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution.When he was still young, he had great expectations.His major was medicine, but later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities.In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president.On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr.Sun as elected Interim President of the Republic of China.On the following New Year` s day, he took the oath of office in Nanjing.In 1921, he took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.5.The construction of the Mausoleum began on March 12, 1926, just on the occasion of the first anniversary of Dr.Sun’s death and was completed in 1929 when the remains of Dr.Sun Yatsen was transported from Beijing and buried at the present site on June 1, the day that the grand funeral ceremony was held in large procession.二、陵前部分（2分钟）
1、孝经鼎的重量、高度和鼎腹的刻字及内置六角铜牌上的内容
3、墓道的长度、宽度及特点
2、博爱坊的建筑特色，高度、宽度及正中匾额的“博爱”题字及出处
1.Now, please look to the south.There is a treasured tripod made of bronze, having an ear in each of its sides.One side of the tripod is engraved with three characters “Wisdom, Benevolence and Courage”.These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan University.Inside of the tripod stands a hexagon copper tablet on which Dai Jitao` s mother` s handwriting of the “the Classic of Filial Piety” is engraved.To the bell-shaped mausoleum the tripod is just like the pendulum.It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.2.Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns.The archway is 12 meters height and 17.3 meters in width.Now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board.The words in English mean “universal fraternity”.They were written by Dr.Sun Yatsen.The word are taken from a Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu` s “Fraternity is humanity”.Dr.Sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom for many years.So we can say that “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.3.Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is an avenue leading to the mausoleum.The avenue is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide.Both sides of the avenue are planted with Himalayan pines, gingko and maple trees etc, having replaced the stone statues and animals before ancient tombs.The tomb avenue in such a design may best embody Dr.Sun’s spirit and noble character.三、陵门、碑亭（2分30秒）the gate of the mausoleum, tablet pavilion
1、陵门前广场简介
2、陵门的建筑特点，“天下为公”匾额题字及出处
4、台阶与八大平台简介：包括台阶和平台的数量、寓意，第五层和顶层平台的重要陈设
3、碑亭的形状、建筑特点，碑的高度、特点和碑上的题字
1.At the end of the avenue stands a magnificent entrance tower.It is the gate of the mausoleum.In front of it is an open cement platform 70meters in width flanked by lawns.On each side of the platform there is a guardroom roofed by blue-glazed tiles.But the rooms did never have a guard stationed before.2.The gate of the mausoleum is single-eaved and gable-roofed with bule-glazed tiles too.Under the front eave of the gate, Dr.Sun Yatsen’s motto” The World Belongs to the Public” can be seen.The words are quoted from The Analects of Confucius.Dr.Sun often wrote them during his life as the wording for a scroll, because this is the lofty ideal that Dr.Sun pursued all his life.3.Now, in front of us is the tablet pavilion with a double-eaved and nine ridged roof of blue-glazed titles.Erected in the middle of the pavilion is an eight meters high stele which was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters “Chinese Kuomintang buried premier sun here on June 1, 18th year of the republic of china”.These words were written by one of the founder members of Kuomintang, Tan Yankai.4.Now we are on the fifth platform.Look, there are two big copper “ding” with two holes in the bottom of the left.Why? In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding.They always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation.Not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style.They are presented by Mr.Sun` s son Sun Ke and his family.Now we have reached the top of the platform.Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance.There are altogether 392 steps which implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392 million.The architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform.More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you can’t see any platform.But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms.四、祭堂、墓室（3分钟）Memorial Hall，Coffin Chamber
1、祭堂前平台简介
2、祭堂的建筑特点和规模、“天地之气”直额及三拱门上的“民族、民生、民权”题字
3、祭堂内的布局：色彩、十二根黑大理石柱、东西墙裙的《建国大纲》、内顶党徽图案及孙中山坐像
4、坐像基座六幅石雕
5、墓室门简介、墓室内部的建筑特色、圆形石圹的直径和深度，孙中山卧像简介
6、墓穴简介
1.Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber.They are the major parts of the mausoleum.2.The structure of the Memorial Hall is of an ancient wooden palace style.Its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue-glazed tiles.The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief—“Naturalism” “Democracy” and “People` s livelihood”.These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr.Sun` s revolutionary activities.A vertical plaque under the eave is inscribed with 4characters written in Dr.Sun’s own hand, meaning “The healthy tendency is bound to prevail over the world.”
3.Please follow me into the Memorial Hall.The main colors of the Hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in China.There are 12 black stone columns which implied 12 months in a year.Now you can have a look at Mr.Sun Yatsen` s handwriting of “The Outline National Reconstruction”, engraved on the east and west walls.The floor is paved by black Yunnan marble and the vaulted caisson ceiling in inlaid with mosaic emblem of the K.M.T.Party.In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr.Sun Yat-sen in a robe.The statue was sculpted by a Polish sculptor in 1930 in Paris.4.The 4 faces of pedestal for the statue are carved in bas-relief about Dr.Sun’s revolutionary activities.The relief carvings respectively stand for: a new born baby held in its mother’s arms symbolizing the new republic is supported by the whole nation;going abroad for promotion and holding discussions about the revolution, rousing the deaf and awakening the unhearing that is to say enlightening the benighted;sending the punitive expedition against the warlord Yuan shikai, and the state power authorized by the Congress.5.6.Behind the Memorial Hall is a vault-framed tomb chamber 18 meters in diameter and 11 meters in height.There are two doors that you need to get through.The outer door is a double-leaf door made of copper.The door frame is built by black marble with 4 Chinese characters carved on its lintel, meaning “Imperishable Noble Spirit”.The second door is a single-leaf door also made of copper, on which “The Tomb of Mr.Sun Zhongshan” is carved in 7 Chinese seal characters.In the middle of the chamber is a round tomb pit enclosed by a marble railing, and in which a marble coffin is placed with the sleeping statue of Dr.Sun in Chinese tunic suit on its top, as if he were resting in peace.But his remains are buried 5 meters deep underneath.五、附属纪念建筑（1分钟）
3、中山植物园（原总理陵园植物园）
4、廖仲恺与何香凝墓、谭延闿墓、紫霞湖正气亭
1、孙中山纪念馆
2、音乐台、光华亭、行健亭、流徽榭
1.There are many other buildings in the surrounding areas of the Mausoleum.The Dr Sun Yatsen Museum is located in the deep forest of a quiet dale between the Mausoleum and the Linggu Temple.2.There are also Music Stand, Reviving China Arbor, Brisk Walk Arbor and Stray Rays Waterside Arbor around here.3.If you are interest in plants, you can go to the Zhongshan Botanical Garden.Breaking the earth for the establishment in 1929, it was the No.1 National Botanical Garden in China.4.At the foothills of the Zhongshan Mountain, there are several tomb-yards for the revolutionaries in the contemporary history of China, such as Tomb for Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning and Tomb of Tan Yankai.What’s more, you can also go and have a visit of the Upright Pavilion in Zixia Lake.
第二篇：南京中山陵英文导游词
南京中山陵英文导游词
My dear friends ,when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest.Nanjing has many place of historic interests and has been capital for six “dynasties.” But if you leave Nanjing without visiting Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution.Mr.Sun `s original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yat-sen.So foreign friends would call him “Dr.Sun Yat-sen ”.Since he took “Woodcutter in Zhoushan ”as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr.Sun Zhongshan in China.On October 12, 1866, Mr.Sun was born in a farmer` s family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county(the present-day zhongshang City),Guangdong Province.When he was still young, he had great expectations.He studied medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities.In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president.He put forward the famous guiding principle-“driving the invaders out ,restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership ” and the Three People` s Principles-“ Nationalism, Democracy and the People` s Livelihood.” On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr.Sun as elected Inrterim President of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces.On the following New Year` s day(January 1, 1912)Mr.Sun took the oath of office in Nanjing.From then on ,Mr.Sun experienced Yuan Shikai` s usurpation, the Second Revolution, “Campaign Protecting the Interim Constitution.” In 1921, Mr.Sun took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou.At the first National Congress of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original Three People` s Principles and put forward Three people` s New Principles.He also proposed the policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers.” In November 1924, in spite of his illness, Mr.Sun went up to Beijing to discuss state affairs with General Feng Yuxiang.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr.Sun himself.Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum.You may wonder: Mr.Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing.For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution.Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb? It is said that far before Mr.Sun took office in 1912, the abbot of Lingu Monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen.On March 31,1912 Mr.Un resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the North China and the South China.One day of the early April, he went hunting with Hu Hanmin around the Piety Tomb of Ming Dynasty.They took a rest in the place wehre the Mausoleum is located now.Mr.Sun looked around and said “IF possible I would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin.” Surely, the fengshui of the Zijing Mountain is not the basic reason for the location of Mr.Sun` s mausoleum.The basic reason is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded.”So although Mr.Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him.Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.In order to respect Mr.Sun` s wish, the Preparatory Committee of Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral, including his wife Song Qingling and his son Sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the Mausoleum.They delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the Mausoleum.Among all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi `s design, a design in the shape of a bell ,was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.On March 12,1926, the first anniversary of Mr.Sun` s death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929.It cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.Unfortunately, LuYanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project ,and died at 35, just before the completion of the Mausoleum.The completion ceremony was held on June 1, 1929 and Mr.Sun` s remains was transported from Beijing to Nangjing.From then on ,Mr.Sun has slept here for nearly 70 years.The construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum was an important event in the history of Nanjing.In order to meet Mr.Sun` s coffin, the first asphalt road was built from Zhongshan Port in the west to Zhongshan Gate in the east;it is 12 kilometres in length and also called Zhongshan Road.Up to today, Zhangshan Road is still one of the most important main roads.At the same time, the city gate Chaoyang Gate which was built in Ming Dynasty was renovated and Changed its name to Zhongshan Gate.Between Zhongshang Gate and Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, a road called the Mausoleum Road was built.Just as the people of Paris take pride of their les Champs-Elysees and the people of New York ,the Fifth Avenue, the nanjing people are prond of their boulevards.And the 3 kilometers long Mausoleum Road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards.Along both sides of the “green corridor” grows the main kind of tree in Nanjing as parasols Usually Chinese people call them French plane trees, in fact they are Chinese local products.Just because Frenchmen took them from Yunnan Province to France and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in Shanghai, that is why they got such a name.Now ,we are going out of the Zhongshan Gate and driving along the Mausoleum Road.The destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent, According to Lu Yanzhi` s design, the place of the Mausoleum is like a “duo”, a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time.Duo` s sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy.The design reminds the people of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s well-known saying “The revolution is far from success and we should continue working hard.” This saying also serves s an alert to the later generation.The crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the “Bell of Freedom”.Now ,please look to the south.There is a octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with Jinshan stone of Suzhou.The platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails.The copper “ding”(an ancient cooking vessel)with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg.IT is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters.It is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum.The “ding ” was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the Zhongshan University and Mr.Dai jitao.One side of the “ding ” is engraved with three characters “Intelligence, Humanity and Brevity”.These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan University.Inside of the “ding ”stands a hexagon copper tablet on which Dai Jitao` s mother` s handwriting of the “Filial Piety” is engraved.To the bell-shaped mausoleum the “ding ” is just like the pendulum.It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns.The archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters hight and 17.3 meters in width.It is made of huge Granite from Fujian Province, but its structure is in Chinese traditional wood structure style.Now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board.The word in English mean fraternity.They were written by Dr.Sun Yat-sen.The word are taken from a Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu` s “Fraternity is humanity ”.It is said that Mr.Sun very much liked to write these two words to others.Dr.Sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom fro scores of years.So we can say that “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum.The road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide.The whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific.In order to embody the greatness of Mr.Sun, the Mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high.In addition, the plants of the Mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn.Now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside ,situate the mausoleum Gate, the Stele Pavilion, the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber right behind.The pines,cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent Mr.Sun` s revolutionary spirit and lofty quality.They take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times.Among the trees, cedar is one of the “four kinds of tree for appreciation” and has been honored as the tree of Nanjing City.The grand archway at the end of the Mausoleum Road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area.IT is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep.It is made of granite from the Fujian Province, too.Inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passage is Dr.SunYat-sen` s handwriting.It means that the state doesn` t belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people.This is the goal for which Mr.Sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the Democracy of the Three People` s Principles.We have passed the gate of the Mausoleum, then in front of us is the Stele Pavilion.The 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of Yan Zhenqing style, “Chinese KMT buried Premier Sun here on June 1, 18th year of the Republic of China”.These words were written by one of the founder members of KMT, Tan Yankai.When talking about setting up a stele, Wang Jing wei and Hu Hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for Mr.Sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they could write.Because they thought that Mr.Sun` s merits couldn` t be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise Dr.Sun without engraving an inscription.Going out of the pavilion, we` ll see numerous layers of steps.The people of Nanjing often say that the steps in the Mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on Lugou Bridge(known for Westerners as Marco Polo Bridge).So when coming here tourists usually ask, “how many steps on earth are there in the Mausoleum?” My friends, if you are interested you can count them.Now we are coming near the top platform.Look ,there are two big copper “ding”.They were contributed by Shanghai municipal government of that time.Now, please look carefully.There are two holes in the bottom of the left “ding”.Why? Just let me tell you.In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding.Now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation.Not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style.They are presented by Mr.Sun` s son Sun Ke and his family.Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform.Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance.The Memorial Hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of Fraternity.The vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters.If you count the steps from the Stele Pavilion, the number of steps is 290.In order to avoid monotone ,the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms.More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform.But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms.The number of the steps, 392, is not a random number, it implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392 million.Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin Chamber.They are the major parts of the Mausoleum.The construction of these two building was supervised then by Lu Yanzhi, the gift young designer.If is when he was doing these two building he died of cancer.So when the later generation mention him they would often say, “It is a great pity he died before his complete success.” The structure of the Sacrificed Hall is of a ancient wooden palace style.It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortress style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns.Its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles.The outside of wall is covered with granite from Hongkong.The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief-“Naturalism” “Democracy” and “The people` s livelihood”.These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr.Sun` s revolutionary activities.Above “Democracy” , there is a horizontal inscription board with Sun` s handwriting on it, “Fill the World with Justice”.Please follow me into the Memorial Hall.The floor is covered with white and black marble from Yunnan Province.The colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in China.There are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each.You will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble.Now you can have a look at Mr.Sun Yat-seen` s handwriting of “Programme for Founding a State”, engraved on the east and west walls.The main colors of the Hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in China.The inside windows are inlaid with smaltos.They present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine.The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr.Sun Yat-sen.In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr.Sun Yat-sen in a robe.It is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide.It was sculpted by the famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky whose native country is Poland.He was entrusted by the committee of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral for sculpting it.He chose the Italian marble as the material for the statue.In 1930, the sculpture was sent to the Mausoleum from Paris.Its total cost was 1.5 million francs.The sic relief below are pictures depicting Mr.Sun` s life and revolutionary activities.Passing through the Hall, we have come to the Coffin Chamber.There are two doors that you need to get through.The outer door consists of two American-made safety door leafs which are made of copper.The nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional Chinese.The horizontal inscription board was engraved with “The noble spirit will never perish ” which was Sun` s handwriting for the 72 martyrs` tomb in Huanghua Mound of Guanzhou.The secound door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters “Mr.Sun Yat-sen` s tomb” which were written by Zhang Jing jiang.The tomb is a half globe in shape.The design of KMT emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome.The floor of the round room is covered with marble.The room` s diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters.The walls are covered with pink marbles.The circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter.It is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails.In the pit lays Dr.Sun Yat-sen lying statue in Zhongshan Suit.This is sculpted in accordance to Mr.Sun` s remains by a Czechoslovakian sculptor.His copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture.You may ask why on earth the clothes Dr.Wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? In those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the KMT had severe conflicts.The rightists, headed by Chang Kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution.They insisted that Mr.Sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear Zhongshan Suit.Since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.My friends, I `m afraid you must be concern about whether Mr.Sun remains are in the tomb or not.In fact, his remains had a unusual experience.After his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in Biyun Monastery in Beijing in March, 1925.When the warlord Zhang Zong chang was defeated by the North Expeditionary Army and withdrew to Beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to Mr.Sun` s remains and decided to burn them.It is the patriotic general Zhang Xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains.Unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again.On May 28, 1929, Mr.Sun` s coffin was sent to Pukou from Beijing by Jinpu Railway, and on June 1 it reached the Mausoleum.After the Grand Ceremony of Feng` an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it.The bottom of the tomb is granite.Under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box.After the breakout of the Resistance War against Japan, KMT government planed to transport the remains to Chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, Chang Kai-shek planed to transport it to Taiwan this time.Because it was not a easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left wing of the KMT.At last Chang gave up the plan.So the remains have stayed here safely up to today.Passing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the Mausoleum Park.The back wall of the park is a “Exhibition of Construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum ”.The Exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the Mausoleum and the process of the transportation of Mr.Sun` s remains.Beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the Mausoleum built in memory of Mr.Sun.Most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in China and overseas Chinese.The Fraternity Pavilion on top of the Plum Hill is built with the donation of a Taiwanese compatriot.IT was completed on November 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of Mr.Sun` s birthday.Ladies and gentlemen.Mr.Sun struggled for a better China for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years.He carried out the three principal policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers” in his later days.The great feat Mr.Sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad.After liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.Now, as one of the “Top Forty Tourist Resorts in China” Dr.Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives numerous Chinese and international friends every years.People come here to pay homage to Mr.Sun.Today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the Chinese on both sides of the Straits.I believe that most Chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous.At that time, when hearing this.Dr.Sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world.OK, thank you very much for your cooperation.Good bye and good luck!
第三篇：南京中山陵英文导游辞
南京中山陵英文导游辞
My dear friends, when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest.Nanjing has many places of historic interests and has been capital for six “dynasties.” But if you leave Nanjing without visiting Dr.Sun Yat-sen＇s Mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution.Mr.Sun＇s original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yat-sen.So foreign friends would call him “Dr.Sun Yat-sen”.Since he took “Woodcutter in Zhoushan” as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr.Sun Zhongshan in China.On October 12, 1866, Mr.Sun was born in a farmer＇s family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county(the present-day zhongshan City), Guangdong Province.When he was still young, he had great expectations.He studied medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities.In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president.He put forward the famous guiding principle-“driving the invaders out, restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership” and the Three People＇s Principles-“Nationalism, Democracy and the People＇s Livelihood.” On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr.Sun as elected President of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces.On the following New Year＇s day(January 1, 1912)Mr.Sun took the oath of office in Nanjing.From then on, Mr.Sun experienced Yuan Shikai＇s usurpation, the Second Revolution, “Campaign Protecting the Interim Constitution.” In 1921, Mr.Sun took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou.At the first National Congress of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original Three People＇s Principles and put forward Three people＇s New Principles.He also proposed the policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers.” In November 1924, in spite of his illness, Mr.Sun went up to Beijing to discuss state affairs with General Feng Yuxiang.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr.Sun himself.Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum.You may wonder: Mr.Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing.For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution.Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb?
It is said that far before Mr.Sun took office in 1912, the abbot of Lingu Monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen.On March 31, 1912 Mr.Sun resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the North China and the South China.One day of the early April, he went hunting with Hu Hanmin around the Piety Tomb of Ming Dynasty.They took a rest in the place where the Mausoleum is located now.Mr.Sun looked around and said “If possible I would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin.” Surely, the fengshui of the Zijing Mountain is not the basic reason for the location of Mr.Sun＇s mausoleum.The basic reason is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded.”So although Mr.Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him.Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.
第四篇：导游证考试-中山陵(附图片)
中山陵
【景点概述】2分30秒
1、地理位置、建陵时间、5A级景区
2、墓址选定
3、中山陵的设计者及设计特点
4、孙中山生平
5、奉安大典
各位游客，中山陵景区位于南京市紫金山南麓的小茅山。是我国伟大的民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓，中山陵坐北朝南，前临平川，背靠青山，其建筑采用依山为陵的形式。是全国重点文物保护单位，是国家5A级景区。
1925年孙中山先生去世后，根据他生前的遗愿选定了墓址。你们也许会问：孙先生出生于广东，逝世于北京，毕生为革命奔波于各地，为什么要选择南京作为自己的长眠之地呢？孙先生临终前嘱咐“吾死之后，可葬于南京紫金山麓，因为南京为临时政府成立之地，所以不可忘辛亥革命也。”陵墓建于1926年，于1929 年完工，整个陵墓由南向北沿着山势逐级升高，主要建筑有：牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、平台、祭堂、墓室。它的设计者吕彦直匠心独具，将整个陵寝设计为“木铎”之状，寓含警钟长鸣之意。
陵墓主体工程完工后，国民政府为孙先生举行了隆重的奉安大典。将先生的遗体自北京香山碧云寺移出，由专列护送抵达南京，在国民党中央党部举行三天公祭后，于1929年6月1日举行了奉安大典，从此孙先生就一直长眠于此，距今已有80多年。
接下来，我为您简单介绍一下孙先生的生平。孙中山，姓孙名文，字逸仙，在日本从事革命活动时曾化名“中山樵”。孙先生于1866年出生在广东省香山县翠亨村，年少时学习医学，后来弃医从政。于1905年在日本成立了中国同盟会，被推举为总理，他提出了“驱除鞑虏、恢复中华、建立民国、平均地权”的著名纲领，及“民族、民权、民生”的三名主义学说，1911年武昌起义爆发后，被十七省代表一致推举为中华民国临时大总统，于1912年元月1日在南京宣誓就职。此后又经历了二次革命、护国运动、护法运动等风风雨雨。在1924年1月广州召开的中国国民党第一次全国代表大会上，他将旧三民主义发展为新三民
主义，提出了“联俄、联共、扶助农工”的三大政策。同年11月他应冯玉祥将军之邀抱病北上共商国家大计，因积劳成疾于1925年3月12日病逝在北京。
【陵前部分】2分钟
1、孝经鼎的重量、高度和鼎腹的刻字及内置六角铜牌上的内容
2、博爱坊的建筑特色，高度、宽度及正中匾额的“博爱”题字及出处
3、墓道的长度、宽度及
各位游客，我们现在就来到了中山陵的陵园广场，正南端是一座八角形石台，石台上有一尊三足两耳的紫铜宝鼎，重达五千公斤，高4.25米、腹径1.23米，是中山陵纪念装饰之一。它是由广州中山大学的全体师生于1933年秋捐资建造，在鼎的腹部刻有“智仁勇”三个字，这是中山大学的校训。鼎的上半部还有六角形的铜牌，上面有原中山大学校长戴季陶的母亲黄氏老夫人所书的孝经全文，所以这座鼎又被称为孝经鼎。
大家现在看到的是半月形博爱广场，由广场踏阶而上，迎面是一座四柱三门的冲天式仿古石牌坊，称为博爱坊，它的高度为12米，花岗岩石柱上盖蓝色琉璃瓦，柱脚前后夹抱鼓石，牌坊上雕刻莲花瓣及和玺彩画等图案。正中横额有孙中山先生亲手所书的“博爱”两字，语出自韩愈《原道》“博爱之为仁”，孙先生以伟大的博爱精神致力于资产阶级革命，为民族的独立自由奋斗不息，可以说“博爱”二字正是对他一生高度概括的最好写照
博爱坊向前是墓道，墓道长480米，共有三道，中道最宽为9米，东西两道为4.5米，间隔墓道两侧用两两相对的雪松、荟柏、银杏和红枫取代了古代帝王陵墓神道前的石人、石兽，更能体现中山先生的高风亮节。整个陵前广场部分气势开阔，绿化规整，具有西方园林开阔大气的美感。
【陵门、碑亭】2分30秒
1、陵门前广场简介
2、陵门的建筑特点，“天下为公”匾额题字及出处
3、碑亭的形状、建筑特点，碑的高度、特点和碑上的题字
4、台阶与八大平台简介：包括台阶和平台的数量、寓意，第五层和顶层平台的重要陈设
穿过墓道，来到陵门平台。根据吕彦直的设计，整个陵墓平面为“木铎”形。木铎的声音洪亮，而且传的很远，有“使天下皆达道”的寓意，其用意也在警示后人。陵门广场的边缘就是当年吕彦直设计的“自由之钟”的下缘。广场东西栽有千头松和银杏。陵门前有汉白玉石狮一对，显得非常的庄严古朴。现在我们看到的单檐歇山式建筑就是陵门，上覆蓝色琉璃瓦。陵门正中的门额上，有孙中山先生亲手所书的“天下为公”四个字，这四个字出自于孔子《礼记、礼运》中的“大道之行也，天下为公”，意思是国家政权不是哪一家的天下，而是天下人的天下，是老百姓的天下。是与“家天下”相对立的思想。这是对三民主义的极好注解。也是孙中山先生毕生奋斗的崇高理想。
穿过陵门我们现在看到的是碑亭，重檐歇山顶，上覆蓝色琉璃瓦，亭内石碑高8.1米，正中镌刻有国民党党徽，上面是原国民政府主席、行政院院长谭延闿手书的“中国国民党葬总理孙先生于此，中华民国十八年六月一日”24个颜体楷书镏金大字。由此可见孙中山先生的葬礼为“党葬”。
从碑亭往后就是层层叠叠的台阶，碑亭到祭堂这段石阶共有290层，分为八段，象征
着三民主义、五权宪法。五权宪法是国民政府时期的政权组织形式，即由行政、立法、司法、考试、监察五院合掌权利。第四层平台上，陈列着一对紫铜鼎，是当时上海特别市政府捐赠的，鼎身刻有“奉安大典”四个字，在西侧的鼎上有日军侵华时留下的弹孔。第五层平台上有一对石狮，是福建名匠蒋文子先生的杰作。【祭堂、墓室】3分钟
1、祭堂前平台简介
2、祭堂的建筑特点和规模、“天地之气”直额及三拱门上的“民族、民生、民权”题字
3、祭堂内的布局：色彩、十二根黑大理石柱、东西墙裙的《建国大纲》、内顶党徽图案及孙中山坐像
4、坐像基座六幅石雕的方位和名称
5、墓室门简介、墓室内部的建筑特色、圆形石圹的直径和深度，孙中山卧像简介
6、墓穴简介
中山陵的修建依托紫金山，陵墓更显气势雄伟壮观。从最下方的博爱坊到祭堂，我们已经走过了平面大约700米，高度大约70米的距离。先生的祭堂与墓室依托着钟山气势，更显巍峨，让谒陵者感悟中山先生的革命精神与浩然正气长留天地之间。
第8层的平台上，有孙先生长子孙科一家敬赠的青石鼎。祭堂前还有国民政府主席林森捐赠的一对华表。
现在我们就来到了祭堂和墓室。祭堂墓室的修建为一期工程，工程开始于中山先生逝世一周年后的1926年3月12日，在祭堂的后面开辟墓包花园，内有中山陵建设史料展，用大量翔实的图片与文字资料展示了中山陵从设计、建设到奉安大典的全过程。
祭堂是陵墓的主体建筑，重檐歇山顶，丄覆蓝色琉璃瓦，坊额正中是中山先生手书“天
地正气”四字直额，祭堂正面有三扇拱形大门，在门楣上有国民党元老张静江所书的“民族，民权，民生”六个篆字。
祭堂内采用云南的大理石铺地，十二根黑大理石柱采用四隐八显的手法，左右两侧的护壁上有孙先生手书的《建国大纲》全文。顶上的斗式藻井是用马赛克镶嵌的国民党党徽。祭堂正中孙中山坐像由法国雕刻家保罗.阿林斯基用意大利白石雕刻。孙先生身穿长袍马褂，膝上摊着展开的文卷，双目凝视前方，神情沉思。在坐像底部的四周，还有六幅浮雕，分别是如抱赤子，出国宣传，商讨革命，国会授印，振聋发聩，讨袁护国。反映了孙中山先生从事革命活动的片断。
祭堂与墓室相通。墓门分为两道，外门为两扇对开铜门，门额上有孙先生为黄花岗烈士手书的“浩气长存”四个字。第二道门为单扇铜门，门上刻有张静江纂书“孙中山先生之墓”，墓室为穹隆状封闭式建筑。顶部是用马赛克镶嵌的国民党党徽图案。墓室中央是一大理石石圹，石圹中有孙中山先生的白色大理石卧像，是由捷克雕刻家高琪雕刻而成。孙先生的遗体就安葬在石圹下5米深处。自1929年6月1日到今天墓室从未被打开过。
【附属纪念建筑】1分钟
1、孙中山纪念馆
2、音乐台、光华亭、行健亭、流徽榭
3、中山植物园（原总理陵园植物园）
中山陵周围有许多附属建筑，孙中山先生纪念馆，原名为藏经楼，收藏有孙先生的图片资料及实物，在藏经楼后有三民主义碑廊。藏经楼外有一尊孙中山铜像，是中山先生的日本友人梅屋庄吉捐赠的。
音乐台，是由美国旧金山华侨代表和国民党辽宁省党部捐资建造的。此外还有光华亭、行建亭、流徽榭等社会各界捐建的中山陵纪念建筑。
中山陵的周边还有中山植物园，廖仲恺、何香凝墓，谭延闿墓、紫霞湖、正气亭等建筑，大家有时间可以前去游览。各位游客，中山陵的讲解就到这里结束，我们接下来要游览的景点是灵谷寺，请各位游客30分钟后在停车场集合上车，谢谢大家！
第五篇：南京中山陵导游词
中山陵
各位游客，欢迎来到我国伟大的民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓——南京中山陵。中山陵，位于南京市东郊紫金山南麓，是南京民国时期的著名建筑，现已成为南京的名片和标志。
孙中山先生名孙文，字逸仙，因从事革命活动时曾用过“中山樵”的化名，所以又被尊称为中山先生。中山先生是中国近代民族民主主义革命的开拓者，中华民国和中国国民党的缔造者，他首举彻底反帝反封建的旗帜，领导辛亥革命，推翻了在中国存在了两千多年的帝制。1925年积劳成疾在北京逝世，终年59岁。中山陵的墓址是中山先生生前选定的，他选择南京紫金山为墓址，是为了纪念辛亥革命，激励革命同仁，表现了讨伐帝制和继续革命的决心。
中山陵是由青年建筑师吕彦直设计的，依山而筑，坐北朝南，西邻明孝陵，东毗灵谷寺，墓地全局呈“警钟”形图案，寓有“唤起民众”之意，让人想起中山先生“革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力”的遗言，给人以警钟长鸣、发人深醒的启迪。建筑风格中西合璧，既有深刻含意，又显庄严雄伟，被誉为“中国近代建筑史上第一陵”。
现在我们来到的是中山陵的陵园广场。广场四周苍松挺立，树大荫浓，恰似革命事业万古长青，枝繁叶茂，生生不息。大家再看广场南面那座三层八角形石台上是一尊紫铜宝鼎，被命名为“孝经鼎”，此鼎是1933年秋由广州中山大学全体师生在老校长戴季陶的带领下所捐赠的祭物，广州中山大学是全国纪念孙中山先生的最高学府、戴季陶不仅是孙中山的亲密战友更是其盟拜兄弟。鼎的正面铸有“智、仁、勇”三个字，既是中山大学的校训，也是中山先生一生的写照。鼎的背部还刻有国民党以孝治国的8个字：“忠孝、仁爱、信义、和平”，鼎内还刻有戴母黄氏手书《孝经》全文，所以叫孝经鼎。
由广场拾级而上，迎面的便是一座四柱三檐的花岗岩牌坊，牌坊上端正中的横帽上刻着“博爱”二字，因此又称为“博爱坊”。牌坊，通常建在我国古代帝王陵寝的入口处，用来歌功颂德，朝拜者到此必须下马步行。“博爱”两字是中山先生的手迹，出自于唐宋八大家之首的韩愈“博爱之为仁”一语，意思是说，一个人的爱心、胸怀很宽广、很博大，要用这样的胸怀去爱天下每个人。孙先生一生以伟大的博爱精神致力于资产阶级民主革命，前后数十年，为民族的独立自由奋斗不息，可以说“博爱”二字正是对他一生的高度概括和最好写照。我们穿过博爱坊，走上陵园墓道。480米长的墓道气势开阔，绿化规整。为了体现孙先生的崇高伟大，整个陵区的建筑植被讲求中轴对称，更给人以庄严肃穆之感。请大家向前看，朝北顺着山坡，依次有陵门、碑亭、祭堂和祭堂后的墓室等建筑。而墓道两旁对称地种植着苍松、翠柏、红枫、银杏，代替了古代陵墓前常用的石人石兽，喻示着中山先生的浩然正气长留天地之间。
走过墓道，我们即将到达的是陵墓的核心区域，请大家带着崇高敬仰之意，随我一路感悟中山先生的革命精神和浩然正气，以及陵园设计者的独具匠心！
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