英文导游词中山陵[全文5篇]

第一篇：英文导游词中山陵

Dr.sun yat-sen's mausoleum Among all the historical and cultural attractions in NanJing ,the most favored highlight is Dr.Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum.Dr.Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum sits on the southern slope of the Purple Mountain.The construction began on March 12 ,1926 and was completed in 1929 when the remains of Dr.Sun Yatsen was transported from Beijing and buried at the present site on June 1.(生平)Dr Sun Yatsen, also named Sun Wen or Sun Zhong shan,he is the great forerunner of chinese democratic revolution.on october 12, 1866, Dr.sun was born in a peasant family in guangdong province.In 1905, he set up “Chinese Revolutionary League” in japan.he put forward the famous guiding principle-“Expelling Tartars ,Restoration of China, Establishment of Republic and equalization of land ” and the three people's principles-“Nationalism, Democracy and People's livelihood.”.On october 10, 1911, the wuchang uprising broke out and Dr.sun was elected inrterim president of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces.on the following new year's day(january 1, 1912)Dr.sun took the oath of office in nanjing.from then on ,Dr.sun experienced yuan shikai's usurpation, the second revolution and so on.In 1911 , Dr.sun Yatsen brought together the Chinese Revolutionary League and other revolutionary groups to form a stronger organization called the Chinese Kuomintang.At the first National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang in 1924,he developed the old Three People’s Principles to the new Three People’s Principles by adopting the policy of “alliance with Russia,cooperation with the Communist Party and assistance to peasants and workers.“ In november 1924, in spite of his illness,Dr.sun went up to beijing to discuss state affairs with general feng yuxiang.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on march 12, 1925.（墓址的选择和设计）The location of the mausoleum was chosen by Dr.sun himself.here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum.you may wonder: why was Dr.sun Yatsen buried in Nanjing instead of in his hometown or Beijing where he died? It is said that far before mr.sun took office in 1912, the abbot of lingu monastery had recommended him that his place is good for geomantic omen.On march 31,1912 Dr.sun resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the north china and the south china.one day of the early april, he went hunting with hu hanmin around the piety tomb of ming dynasty.Dr.sun was really so amazed by the beautiful environment that he said :〝I wish I could be bestowed a piece of land by people and be buried here after my death”.Surely,the reason he chose Purple Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.In order to respect Dr.sun's wish, the Funeral Committee , including his wife song qingling and his son sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the mausoleum.They sponsored a competition for the design of mausoleum.A young architect named lu yanzhi was honored to win the competition with his design and was appointed the chief architect and engineer for the project.（孝经鼎）Dr.Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum was designed in the shape of a liberty bell,intending to remind people never to get self-contented.Please look to the south.there is a octagonal stone platform in three level of with each enclosed by a stone railing.On the top level of the platform stands a the copper “ding” with two looped handles and two legs, weighing 5000 kilogram.It is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters.It was presented by Mr.DaiJitao and all the students and faculty of Zhong shan University.one side of the “ding ” is engraved with three characters “intelligence, humanity and brevity”.These three words are the school instruction of zhongshan university.Inside of the “ding ”stands a hexagonal copper tablet on which dai jitao's mother's handwriting of the “filial piety” is engraved.（博爱坊）Stepping on the steps, at the opposite side of the “ding”,we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns.the archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters hight and 17.3 meters in width.now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board.the word in english mean fraternity.they were written by Dr.sun yat-sen.These two words are quoted from a tang dynasty poet han yu's “fraternity is humanity ”.Dr.sun devoted his whole life to democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence.So we can say that “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.（墓道）Further from the fraternity archway, there is a 480 meters long tomb avenue leading to the mausoleum.Both sides of the avenue are planted with pines,gingko and maple trees etc,having replaced the stone statues and animals before ancient tombs.The tomb avenue in such a design may best embody Dr.Sun’s spirit and noble character.（陵门）At the end of the tomb avenue stands a magnificent entrance tower.It is single-eaved and gable-roofed with bule-glazed tiles too.Under the front eave of the tower,Dr.Sun Yatsen’s motto“The World Belongs to the People”can be seen.Dr.Sun often wrote them during his life as the wording for a scroll,because this is the lofty ideal that Dr.Sun pursued all his life.(碑亭)Now,we have passed the entrance tower, in front of us is the tablet pavilion.Erected in the middle of the pavilion is an eight meters high stele which was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters “Chinese Kuomintang buried premier sun here on june 1, 18th year of the republic of china”.These words were written by one of the founder members of kuo min tang, tan yankai.2(石阶)Going out of the pavilion, we'll see numerous layers of steps.the people of nanjing often say that the steps in the mausoleum were as number as the stone lions on lugou bridge.so when coming here tourists usually ask, “how many steps on earth are there in the mausoleum?” my friends, if you are interested you can count them.(纪念堂)Ascending the steps,Now we are in front of the memorial hall and the coffin chamber.They are the major parts of the mausoleum.The lintel of the memorial hall is inscribed with “nationalism,democratic rights and people’s livelihood”.A vertical plaque under the eave is inscribed with 4 characters “hao qi chang cun”meaning imperishable noble spirit.Please follow me into the memorial hall.In the center of the memorial hall sits the Italian white marble statue of Dr.Sun Yatsen mounted on pedestal carved in bas-relief by Polish sculptor about his revolutionary activities.The surrounding walls are inscribed with the national constitution writeen by Dr.Sun Yatsen.(墓室)Behind the memorial hall, we have come to the coffin chamber.The tomb is a half globe in shape.The vault ceiling of the chamber is decorated by a K.M.T.emblem.In the middle of the chamber is a round tomb pit enclosed by a marble railing,and in which a marble coffin is placed with the sleeping status of Dr.Sun in Chinese tunic suit on its top,as if he were resting in peace.But his remains are buried 5 meters deep underneath.

第二篇：中山陵英文导游词

my dear friends, when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest.nanjing has many places of historic interests and has been capital for six “dynasties.” but if you leave nanjing without visiting dr.sun yat-sen's mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.talking about the mausoleum we should have an idea about sun yat-sen, the great pioneer of chinese democratic revolution.mr.sun's original name is sun wen and styled himself yat-sen.so foreign friends would call him “dr.sun yat-sen”.since he took “woodcutter in zhoushan” as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called mr.sun zhongshan in china.on october 12, 1866, mr.sun was born in a farmer's family in caiheng village of xiangshan county(the present-day zhongshan city), guangdong province.when he was still young, he had great expectations.he studied medicine in honolulu, hong kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in gangzhou, macao and other places later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities.in 1905, he set up china alliance organization in japan and he was elected president.he put forward the famous guiding principle-“driving the invaders out, restoring the sovereignty of china, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership” and the three people's principles-“nationalism, democracy and the people's livelihood.” on october 10, 1911, the wuchang uprising broke out and dr.sun as elected president of the republic of china by representatives from seventeen provinces.on the following new year's day(january 1, 1912)mr.sun took the oath of office in nanjing.from then on, mr.sun experienced yuan shikai's usurpation, the second revolution, “campaign protecting the interim constitution.” in 1921, mr.sun took the position of president in unusual times in guangzhou.at the first national congress of kuomintang held in quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original three people's principles and put forward three people's new principles.he also proposed the policies of “making an alliance with russia and the communist party of china and helping the farmers and workers.” in november 1924, in spite of his illness, mr.sun went up to beijing to discuss state affairs with general feng yuxiang.unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on march 12, 1925.the location of the mausoleum was chosen by mr.sun himself.here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum.you may wonder: mr.sun was born in guangdong but died in beijing.for his whole life he traveled throughout china for the revolution.why did he choose nanjing as the venue of his tomb? it is said that far before mr.sun took office in 1912, the abbot of lingu monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen.on march 31, 1912 mr.sun resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the north china and the south china.one day of the early april, he went hunting with hu hanmin around the piety tomb of ming dynasty.they took a rest in the place where the mausoleum is located now.mr.sun looked around and said “if possible i would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin.” surely, the fengshui of the zijing mountain is not the basic reason for the location of mr.sun's mausoleum.the basic reason is that, he said on dying “after my death, you can bury me at the foot of the zijin mountain in nanjing in memory of the revolution of 1911, because nanjing is where the temporary government was founded.”so although mr.sun stayed in nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him.fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose zijing mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.in order to respect mr.sun's wish, the preparatory committee of sun yat-sen's funeral, including his wife song qingling and his son sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the mausoleum.they delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the mausoleum.among all the contribution, young architect lu yanzhi's design, a design in the shape of a bell, was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.on march 12,1926, the first anniversary of mr.sun's death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929.it cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.unfortunately, luyanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project, and died at 35, just before the completion of the mausoleum.the completion ceremony was held on june 1, 1929 and mr.sun's remains were transported from beijing to nangjing.from then on, mr.sun has slept here for nearly 70 years.the construction of dr.sun yat-sen's mausoleum was an important event in the history of nanjing.in order to meet mr.sun's coffin, the first asphalt road was built from zhongshan port in the west to zhongshan gate in the east;it is 12 kilometres in length and also called zhongshan road.up to today, zhangshan road is still one of the most important main roads.at the same time, the city gate chaoyang gate which was built in ming dynasty was renovated and changed its name to zhongshan gate.between zhongshang gate and dr.sun yat-sen's mausoleum, a road called the mausoleum road was built.just as the people of paris take pride of their les champs-elysees and the people of new york, the fifth avenue, the nanjing people are proud of their boulevards.and the 3 kilometers long mausoleum road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards.along both sides of the “green corridor” grows the main kind of tree in nanjing as parasols usually chinese people call them french plane trees, in fact they are chinese local products.just because frenchmen took them from yunnan province to france and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in shanghai, that is why they got such a name.now, we are going out of the zhongshan gate and driving along the mausoleum road.the destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent.according to lu yanzhi's design, the place of the mausoleum is like a “duo”, a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time.duo's sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy.the design reminds the people of dr.sun yat-sen's well-known saying “the revolution is far from success and we should continue working hard.” this saying also serves s an alert to the later generation.the crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the “bell of freedom”.now, please look to the south.there is an octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with jinshan stone of suzhou.the platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails.the copper “ding”(an ancient cooking vessel)with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg.it is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters.it is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum.the “ding ” was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the zhongshan university and mr.dai jitao.one side of the “ding ” is engraved with three characters “intelligence, humanity and brevity”.these three words are the school instruction of zhongshan university.inside of the “ding ”stands a hexagon copper tablet on which dai jitao's mother's handwriting of the “filial piety” is engraved.to the bell-shaped mausoleum the “ding ” is just like the pendulum.it seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns.the archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters high and 17.3 meters in width.it is made of huge granite from fujian province, but its structure is in chinese traditional wood structure style.now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board.the word in english mean fraternity.they were written by dr.sun yat-sen.the word are taken from a tang dynasty poet han yu's “fraternity is humanity ”.it is said that mr.sun very much liked to write these two words to others.dr.sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom fro scores of years.so we can say that “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.further from the fraternity archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum.the road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide.the whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific.in order to embody the greatness of mr.sun, the mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high.in addition, the plants of the mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn.now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside, situate the mausoleum gate, the stele pavilion, the memorial hall and the coffin chamber right behind.the pines, cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent mr.sun's revolutionary spirit and lofty quality.they take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times.among the trees, cedar is one of the “four kinds of tree for appreciation” and has been honored as the tree of nanjing city.the grand archway at the end of the mausoleum road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area.it is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep.it is made of granite from the fujian province, too.inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passage is dr.sunyat-sen's handwriting.it means that the state doesn't belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people.this is the goal for which mr.sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the democracy of the three people's principles.we have passed the gate of the mausoleum, then in front of us is the stele pavilion.the 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of yan zhenqing style, “chinese kmt buried premier sun here on june 1, 18th year of the republic of china”.these words were written by one of the founder members of kmt, tan yankai.when talking about setting up a stele, wang jing wei and hu hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for mr.sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they could write.because they thought that mr.sun's merits couldn't be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise dr.sun without engraving an inscription.going out of the pavilion, we'll see numerous layers of steps.the people of nanjing often say that the steps in the mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on lugou bridge(known for westerners as marco polo bridge).so when coming here tourists usually ask, “how many steps on earth are there in the mausoleum?” my friends, if you are interested you can count them.now we are coming near the top platform.look, there are two big copper “ding”.they were contributed by shanghai municipal government of that time.now, please look carefully.there are two holes in the bottom of the left “ding”.why? just let me tell you.in late 1937, when the japanese army attacked nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding.now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind chinese people not to forget the national humiliation.not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style.they are presented by mr.sun's son sun ke and his family.ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform.here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance.the memorial hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of fraternity.the vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters.if you count the steps from the stele pavilion, the number of steps is 290.in order to avoid monotone, the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms.more marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform.but if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms.the number of the steps, 392, is not a random number;it implied the number of chinese population at that time-392 million.now we are in front of the memorial hall and the coffin chamber.they are the major parts of the mausoleum.the construction of these two building was supervised then by lu yanzhi, the gift young designer.if is when he was doing these two building he died of cancer.so when the later generation mentions him they would often say, “it is a great pity he died before his complete success.” the structure of the sacrificed hall is of an ancient wooden palace style.it is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortress style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns.its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles.the outside of wall is covered with granite from hongkong.the inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief-“naturalism” “democracy” and “the people's livelihood”.these are the most basic and general guiding principles of mr.sun's revolutionary activities.above “democracy”, there is a horizontal inscription board with sun's handwriting on it, “fill the world with justice”.please follow me into the memorial hall.the floor is covered with white and black marble from yunnan province.the colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in china.there are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each.you will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble.now you can have a look at mr.sun yat-sen's handwriting of “programme for founding a state”, engraved on the east and west walls.the main colors of the hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in china.the inside windows are inlaid with smaltos.they present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine.the style of the whole structure is a blend of the east and the west, representing the well blended doctrine of dr.sun yat-sen.in the middle is the sitting statue of dr.sun yat-sen in a robe.it is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide.it was sculpted by the famous french sculptor paul arinsky whose native country is poland.he was entrusted by the committee of dr.sun yat-sen's funeral for sculpting it.he chose the italian marble as the material for the statue.in 1930, the sculpture was sent to the mausoleum from paris.its total cost was 1.5 million francs.the sic relief below are pictures depicting mr.sun's life and revolutionary activities.passing through the hall, we have come to the coffin chamber.there are two doors that you need to get through.the outer door consists of two american-made safety door leafs which are made of copper.the nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional chinese.the horizontal inscription board was engraved with “the noble spirit will never perish ” which was sun's handwriting for the 72 martyrs' tomb in harangue mound of guangzhou.the second door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters “mr.sun yat-sen's tomb” which were written by zhang jing jiang.the tomb is a half globe in shape.the design of kmt emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome.the floor of the round room is covered with marble.the room's diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters.the walls are covered with pink marbles.the circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter.it is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails.in the pit lays dr.sun yat-sen lying statue in zhongshan suit.this is sculpted in accordance to mr.sun's remains by a czechoslovakian sculptor.his copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture.you may ask why on earth the clothes dr.wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? in those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the kmt had severe conflicts.the rightists, headed by chang kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution.they insisted that mr.sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear zhongshan suit.since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.my friends, i'm afraid you must be concern about whether mr.sun remains are in the tomb or not.in fact, his remains had a unusual experience.after his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in biyun monastery in beijing in march, 1925.when the warlord zhang zong chang was defeated by the north expeditionary army and withdrew to beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to mr.sun's remains and decided to burn them.it is the patriotic general zhang xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains.unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again.on may 28, 1929, mr.sun's coffin was sent to pukou from beijing by jinpu railway, and on june 1 it reached the mausoleum.after the grand ceremony of feng'an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it.the bottom of the tomb is granite.under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box.after the breakout of the resistance war against japan, kmt government planed to transport the remains to chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, chang kai-shek planed to transport it to taiwan this time.because it was not an easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left wing of the kmt.at last chang gave up the plan.so the remains have stayed here safely up to today.passing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the mausoleum park.the back wall of the park is an “exhibition of construction of dr.sun yat-sen's mausoleum ”.the exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the mausoleum and the process of the transportation of mr.sun's remains.beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the mausoleum built in memory of mr.sun.most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in china and overseas chinese.the fraternity pavilion on top of the plum hill is built with the donation of a taiwanese compatriot.it was completed on november 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of mr.sun's birthday.ladies and gentlemen, mr.sun struggled for a better china for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years.he carried out the three principal policies of “making an alliance with russia and the communist party of china and helping the farmers and workers” in his later days.the great feat mr.sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad.after liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.now, as one of the “top forty tourist resorts in china” dr.sun yat-sen mausoleum receives numerous chinese and international friends every years.people come here to pay homage to mr.sun.today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the chinese on both sides of the straits.i believe that most chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous.at that time, when hearing this.dr.sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world.ok, thank you very much for your cooperation.good-bye and good luck!

第三篇：中山陵英文导游词

Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum

Hello, everybody, this is Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum, a famous 5A scenic area of Nanjing.It is the tomb of Dr.Sun Yat-sen, the great forerunner of the Chinese democratic revolution.Designed by Lv Yanzhi, the main building of this Mausoleum was built reclining on the mountain and its plane layout takes the shape of a kind of wooden bell, symbolizing admonishment to people in the following generation and dissemination of Dr.Sun’s spirit.In 1866, Dr.Sun Yat-sen was born in Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province.When he was young, he learned medicine, but later gave it up for politics.In 1905, Dr.Sun set up the Chinese Alliance in Japan, he swore in Nanjing on January 1, 1912.In 1919, Dr.Sun reorganized the Revolutionary Party of China and changed its name into the KMT.In 1921, he took office in Guangzhou.At the end of 1924, he went to Beijing to discuss state affairs in spite of his poor health at the invitation of Feng Yuxiang.Dr.Sun Yat-sen passed away in Beijing on March 12, 1925.According to Dr.Sun’s last wish, Nanjing was chosen as his place of permanent rest.The construction of the mausoleum was started in 1926, and completed in the spring of 1929.On June 1 of the same year, a grand funeral ceremony was held.Please look at the south of the square.On the top of the stone table stands a tripod made of redCopper, which weighs 5000 kilograms and is 4.25 meters high.The tripod was donated by Dai Jitao as well as all the students and faculties of Sun Yat-sen University.Cast on the belly of the tripod are three Chinese characters “Wisdom, Benevolence and Courage”.In the interior of the tripod is placed with a hexagonal copper plate, engraved on which is the full text of the Classic of Filial Piety written by Mr.Dai’s mother.Walking up, we will see a memorial gateway with four columns and three gates at the entrance of the mausoleum.It was built in 1933.At the center of the lintel is engraved with “Universal Fraternity” of Dr.Sun’s handwriting.These two Chinese characters were quoted from “Universal fraternity is benevolence” from “On the Origin of the Way” written by Han Yu.Let’s go on, there is a 480-meter long three-flight tomb path leading to the mausoleum.On both sides are planted with cedars and cypresses instead of stone persons and animals, symbolizing Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary spirit and noble qualities.At the end of the tomb path stands an entrance gate, which is a singled-eaved and gable-roofed building put up in the style of the traditional palace.It is the gate of the mausoleum.Before the gate we can find a square which is planted with many trees all round, making the square seem extremely solemn and simple.The stone lions in front of the gate were gifts from Song Zheyuan.In the middle of the horizontal lintel at the mausoleum gate is inscribed with Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s handwriting of “The world belongs to the public”.These four Chinese characters are quoted from “When the great way is followed, the world will belong to the public” written by Confucius.Behind the gate of the mausoleum, we can see a monument pavilion featured by overlapped eaves and gable roof covered with glazed blue tiles.Erected in the middle of the pavilion is an 8.1-meter high monument engraved with big gold-plated “President Sun Yat-sen Buried here by the Kuomingtang on June 1 of the eighteenth year of the Republic of China” personally inscribed by Tan Yankai.There is no inscriptions opposite because every Chinese had known him deeply.Behind the monument pavilion are eight flights of 290 steps, symbolizing the There Principles of People and Five-Power Constitution.On the fourth-floor platform, there is a pair of tripods made of red copper.On the surface of the tripods is carved with “Grand Funeral Ceremony”.On the bronze tripod on the western side, there are 2 bullet holes shot by Japanese invaders in 1937.On the fifth-floor platform stands a pair of greystone lions which are masterpieces of Mr.Jiang Wenzi, a famous stonemason of Fujian Province.Stepping onto the eighth-floor platform, we arrive at the highest point of the mausoleum.On each side of the platform entrance, there is an ancient greystone tripod donated by the whole family of Sun Ke, the eldest son of Dr.Sun Yat-sen, together with a pair of marble ornamental columns on both of the left and the right sides.In the middle of platform is a Memorial Hall built in the style of the traditional Chinese palace.The middle is carved with Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s handwriting of “Ture essence of heaven and earth”.Three arches open in the front and “Nationalism, civil rights and people’s livelihood” personally inscribed by Zhang Jingjiang on the lintel.Walking into the Memorial Hall, there are 12 black marble columns, with four hidden ones and eight visible ones.In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr.Sun Yat-sen, which was sculpted by famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky with Italian white stone.There are six relief sculptures around the base of the sitting statue, namely, a Newborn Baby Held in Its Mother’s Arms, Going aboard for Promotion, Holding Discussions about the Revolution, Stat Power Authorization by the Congress, Enlightening the Whole Nation and Fighting against Yuan Shikai for Protecting the Country.On both sides of the right and left walls are engraved with the full text of Dr.Sun’s handwriting of the Principles for National Reconstruction, and the top is the flag of the KMT laid with mosaic.Right in the middle of the rear wall is the tomb gate with “Imperishable noble spirit” personally inscribed by Dr.Sun Yat-sen for the martyrs in the Huanghuagang Revolution.The tomb chamber is an extremely solid semi-circle enclosed building.Its top is inlaid with the flag of the KMT laid with mosaic.The middle of the tomb chamber sees a circular marble hole with marble railings around.The lying statue was engraved by Koci., a Czech engraver with white marble at the scale of 1:1.Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s remains has been resting here for 80 years.There are some other attractions near Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum, There are many other buildings in the surrounding areas of the Mausoleum.The Dr Sun Yatsen Museum is located in the deep forest of a quiet dale between the Mausoleum and the Linggu Temple.There are also Music Stand, Reviving China Arbor, Brisk Walk Arbor and Stray Rays Waterside Arbor around here.If you are interest in plants, you can go to the Zhongshan Botanical Garden.Breaking the earth for the establishment in 1929, it was the No.1 National Botanical Garden in China.At the foothills of the Zhongshan Mountain, there are several tomb-yards for the revolutionaries in the contemporary history of China, such as Tomb for Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning and Tomb of Tan Yankai.What’s more, you can also go and have a visit of the Upright Pavilion in Zixia Lake.That’s all, thank you.I hope my introduction will leave a nice impression on you.

第四篇：南京中山陵英文导游词

南京中山陵英文导游词

My dear friends ,when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest.Nanjing has many place of historic interests and has been capital for six “dynasties.” But if you leave Nanjing without visiting Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution.Mr.Sun `s original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yat-sen.So foreign friends would call him “Dr.Sun Yat-sen ”.Since he took “Woodcutter in Zhoushan ”as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr.Sun Zhongshan in China.On October 12, 1866, Mr.Sun was born in a farmer` s family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county(the present-day zhongshang City),Guangdong Province.When he was still young, he had great expectations.He studied medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities.In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president.He put forward the famous guiding principle-“driving the invaders out ,restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership ” and the Three People` s Principles-“ Nationalism, Democracy and the People` s Livelihood.” On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr.Sun as elected Inrterim President of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces.On the following New Year` s day(January 1, 1912)Mr.Sun took the oath of office in Nanjing.From then on ,Mr.Sun experienced Yuan Shikai` s usurpation, the Second Revolution, “Campaign Protecting the Interim Constitution.” In 1921, Mr.Sun took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou.At the first National Congress of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original Three People` s Principles and put forward Three people` s New Principles.He also proposed the policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers.” In November 1924, in spite of his illness, Mr.Sun went up to Beijing to discuss state affairs with General Feng Yuxiang.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr.Sun himself.Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum.You may wonder: Mr.Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing.For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution.Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb? It is said that far before Mr.Sun took office in 1912, the abbot of Lingu Monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen.On March 31,1912 Mr.Un resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the North China and the South China.One day of the early April, he went hunting with Hu Hanmin around the Piety Tomb of Ming Dynasty.They took a rest in the place wehre the Mausoleum is located now.Mr.Sun looked around and said “IF possible I would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin.” Surely, the fengshui of the Zijing Mountain is not the basic reason for the location of Mr.Sun` s mausoleum.The basic reason is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded.”So although Mr.Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him.Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.In order to respect Mr.Sun` s wish, the Preparatory Committee of Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral, including his wife Song Qingling and his son Sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the Mausoleum.They delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the Mausoleum.Among all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi `s design, a design in the shape of a bell ,was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.On March 12,1926, the first anniversary of Mr.Sun` s death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929.It cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.Unfortunately, LuYanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project ,and died at 35, just before the completion of the Mausoleum.The completion ceremony was held on June 1, 1929 and Mr.Sun` s remains was transported from Beijing to Nangjing.From then on ,Mr.Sun has slept here for nearly 70 years.The construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum was an important event in the history of Nanjing.In order to meet Mr.Sun` s coffin, the first asphalt road was built from Zhongshan Port in the west to Zhongshan Gate in the east;it is 12 kilometres in length and also called Zhongshan Road.Up to today, Zhangshan Road is still one of the most important main roads.At the same time, the city gate Chaoyang Gate which was built in Ming Dynasty was renovated and Changed its name to Zhongshan Gate.Between Zhongshang Gate and Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, a road called the Mausoleum Road was built.Just as the people of Paris take pride of their les Champs-Elysees and the people of New York ,the Fifth Avenue, the nanjing people are prond of their boulevards.And the 3 kilometers long Mausoleum Road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards.Along both sides of the “green corridor” grows the main kind of tree in Nanjing as parasols Usually Chinese people call them French plane trees, in fact they are Chinese local products.Just because Frenchmen took them from Yunnan Province to France and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in Shanghai, that is why they got such a name.Now ,we are going out of the Zhongshan Gate and driving along the Mausoleum Road.The destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent, According to Lu Yanzhi` s design, the place of the Mausoleum is like a “duo”, a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time.Duo` s sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy.The design reminds the people of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s well-known saying “The revolution is far from success and we should continue working hard.” This saying also serves s an alert to the later generation.The crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the “Bell of Freedom”.Now ,please look to the south.There is a octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with Jinshan stone of Suzhou.The platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails.The copper “ding”(an ancient cooking vessel)with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg.IT is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters.It is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum.The “ding ” was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the Zhongshan University and Mr.Dai jitao.One side of the “ding ” is engraved with three characters “Intelligence, Humanity and Brevity”.These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan University.Inside of the “ding ”stands a hexagon copper tablet on which Dai Jitao` s mother` s handwriting of the “Filial Piety” is engraved.To the bell-shaped mausoleum the “ding ” is just like the pendulum.It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns.The archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters hight and 17.3 meters in width.It is made of huge Granite from Fujian Province, but its structure is in Chinese traditional wood structure style.Now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board.The word in English mean fraternity.They were written by Dr.Sun Yat-sen.The word are taken from a Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu` s “Fraternity is humanity ”.It is said that Mr.Sun very much liked to write these two words to others.Dr.Sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom fro scores of years.So we can say that “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum.The road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide.The whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific.In order to embody the greatness of Mr.Sun, the Mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high.In addition, the plants of the Mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn.Now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside ,situate the mausoleum Gate, the Stele Pavilion, the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber right behind.The pines,cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent Mr.Sun` s revolutionary spirit and lofty quality.They take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times.Among the trees, cedar is one of the “four kinds of tree for appreciation” and has been honored as the tree of Nanjing City.The grand archway at the end of the Mausoleum Road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area.IT is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep.It is made of granite from the Fujian Province, too.Inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passage is Dr.SunYat-sen` s handwriting.It means that the state doesn` t belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people.This is the goal for which Mr.Sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the Democracy of the Three People` s Principles.We have passed the gate of the Mausoleum, then in front of us is the Stele Pavilion.The 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of Yan Zhenqing style, “Chinese KMT buried Premier Sun here on June 1, 18th year of the Republic of China”.These words were written by one of the founder members of KMT, Tan Yankai.When talking about setting up a stele, Wang Jing wei and Hu Hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for Mr.Sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they could write.Because they thought that Mr.Sun` s merits couldn` t be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise Dr.Sun without engraving an inscription.Going out of the pavilion, we` ll see numerous layers of steps.The people of Nanjing often say that the steps in the Mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on Lugou Bridge(known for Westerners as Marco Polo Bridge).So when coming here tourists usually ask, “how many steps on earth are there in the Mausoleum?” My friends, if you are interested you can count them.Now we are coming near the top platform.Look ,there are two big copper “ding”.They were contributed by Shanghai municipal government of that time.Now, please look carefully.There are two holes in the bottom of the left “ding”.Why? Just let me tell you.In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding.Now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation.Not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style.They are presented by Mr.Sun` s son Sun Ke and his family.Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform.Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance.The Memorial Hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of Fraternity.The vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters.If you count the steps from the Stele Pavilion, the number of steps is 290.In order to avoid monotone ,the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms.More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform.But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms.The number of the steps, 392, is not a random number, it implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392 million.Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin Chamber.They are the major parts of the Mausoleum.The construction of these two building was supervised then by Lu Yanzhi, the gift young designer.If is when he was doing these two building he died of cancer.So when the later generation mention him they would often say, “It is a great pity he died before his complete success.” The structure of the Sacrificed Hall is of a ancient wooden palace style.It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortress style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns.Its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles.The outside of wall is covered with granite from Hongkong.The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief-“Naturalism” “Democracy” and “The people` s livelihood”.These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr.Sun` s revolutionary activities.Above “Democracy” , there is a horizontal inscription board with Sun` s handwriting on it, “Fill the World with Justice”.Please follow me into the Memorial Hall.The floor is covered with white and black marble from Yunnan Province.The colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in China.There are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each.You will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble.Now you can have a look at Mr.Sun Yat-seen` s handwriting of “Programme for Founding a State”, engraved on the east and west walls.The main colors of the Hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in China.The inside windows are inlaid with smaltos.They present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine.The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr.Sun Yat-sen.In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr.Sun Yat-sen in a robe.It is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide.It was sculpted by the famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky whose native country is Poland.He was entrusted by the committee of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral for sculpting it.He chose the Italian marble as the material for the statue.In 1930, the sculpture was sent to the Mausoleum from Paris.Its total cost was 1.5 million francs.The sic relief below are pictures depicting Mr.Sun` s life and revolutionary activities.Passing through the Hall, we have come to the Coffin Chamber.There are two doors that you need to get through.The outer door consists of two American-made safety door leafs which are made of copper.The nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional Chinese.The horizontal inscription board was engraved with “The noble spirit will never perish ” which was Sun` s handwriting for the 72 martyrs` tomb in Huanghua Mound of Guanzhou.The secound door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters “Mr.Sun Yat-sen` s tomb” which were written by Zhang Jing jiang.The tomb is a half globe in shape.The design of KMT emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome.The floor of the round room is covered with marble.The room` s diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters.The walls are covered with pink marbles.The circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter.It is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails.In the pit lays Dr.Sun Yat-sen lying statue in Zhongshan Suit.This is sculpted in accordance to Mr.Sun` s remains by a Czechoslovakian sculptor.His copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture.You may ask why on earth the clothes Dr.Wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? In those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the KMT had severe conflicts.The rightists, headed by Chang Kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution.They insisted that Mr.Sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear Zhongshan Suit.Since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.My friends, I `m afraid you must be concern about whether Mr.Sun remains are in the tomb or not.In fact, his remains had a unusual experience.After his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in Biyun Monastery in Beijing in March, 1925.When the warlord Zhang Zong chang was defeated by the North Expeditionary Army and withdrew to Beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to Mr.Sun` s remains and decided to burn them.It is the patriotic general Zhang Xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains.Unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again.On May 28, 1929, Mr.Sun` s coffin was sent to Pukou from Beijing by Jinpu Railway, and on June 1 it reached the Mausoleum.After the Grand Ceremony of Feng` an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it.The bottom of the tomb is granite.Under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box.After the breakout of the Resistance War against Japan, KMT government planed to transport the remains to Chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, Chang Kai-shek planed to transport it to Taiwan this time.Because it was not a easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left wing of the KMT.At last Chang gave up the plan.So the remains have stayed here safely up to today.Passing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the Mausoleum Park.The back wall of the park is a “Exhibition of Construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum ”.The Exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the Mausoleum and the process of the transportation of Mr.Sun` s remains.Beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the Mausoleum built in memory of Mr.Sun.Most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in China and overseas Chinese.The Fraternity Pavilion on top of the Plum Hill is built with the donation of a Taiwanese compatriot.IT was completed on November 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of Mr.Sun` s birthday.Ladies and gentlemen.Mr.Sun struggled for a better China for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years.He carried out the three principal policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers” in his later days.The great feat Mr.Sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad.After liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.Now, as one of the “Top Forty Tourist Resorts in China” Dr.Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives numerous Chinese and international friends every years.People come here to pay homage to Mr.Sun.Today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the Chinese on both sides of the Straits.I believe that most Chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous.At that time, when hearing this.Dr.Sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world.OK, thank you very much for your cooperation.Good bye and good luck!

第五篇：中山陵导游词

中 山 陵

各位游客，我们现在看到的就是全国重点文物保护单位、5A级景区，位于紫金山麓的中山陵。

中山陵是我国伟大的民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓。孙先生出生于1866年广东香山县翠亨村的一个农民家庭，年少时学习医学，早年在澳门、广州等地行医，后来弃医从政。于1905年在日本成立了中国同盟会，被推举为总理，首次提出了“民族、民生、民权”的三民主义学说。1911年武昌起义爆发后，被十七省代表一致推举为中华民国临时大总统，于1912年元月1日在南京宣誓就职。后来，孙先生为求得南北和平，将大总统之职让于袁世凯，此后又经历了二次革命、护国运动、护法运动等的风风雨雨；1924年底先生应冯玉祥将军之邀抱病北上共商国家大计，因积劳成疾于1925年3月12日病逝在北京。

在孙中山先生去世后，根据他生前的遗愿，选择南京作为安葬之处,由我国青年设计师吕彦直设计的钟形图案被评为首奖。陵墓的设计呈“木铎”之状，含有警钟长鸣之意。1926年中山先生逝世一周年之际举行了奠基典礼，历时三年多，耗资150万银元，陵墓主体部分在1929年春竣工，也就是在这一年的6月1日，国民政府为孙先生举行了隆重的奉安大典。自奉安大典以来，孙先生就一直长眠于此，至今已有80多年了。

各位游客，我们现在就来到了中山陵的陵园广场，广场造型为半月形，绿化规整，气势开阔，在广场正南是一座八角形石台，石台上那尊紫铜宝鼎，重达五千公斤，高4.25米，是中山陵纪念装饰之一。它是由广州中山大学的全体师生捐资建造，在鼎的腹部刻有“智仁勇”三个字，这是中山大学的校训，也是孙中山先生提倡的军人必备的三大精神。鼎的上半部还有六角形的铜牌，上面有原中山大学校长戴季陶的母亲黄氏老夫人所书的孝经全文，所以，这座鼎又被称为孝经鼎。

由广场踏阶而上，迎面是一座四柱三门的冲天式仿古石牌坊。坊额的正中有孙中山先生亲手所书的“博爱”两字，这两个字是出自韩愈《原道》中的“博爱之为仁”。最广博的爱就是一种仁慈，在这里引申为反帝反封建的口号。孙先生以伟大的博爱精神致力于资产阶级民主革命，这两个字也是孙中山先生一生的真实写照。

博爱坊向前是480米长的墓道，墓道两侧用两两相对的雪松、荟柏、银杏和红枫取代了古代帝王陵墓神道前的石人、石兽，更能体现中山先生的高风亮节。

穿过墓道，是一座单檐歇山式的建筑--陵门,为陵寝的入口。正中的横额上，有孙中山先生亲手所书的“天下为公”四个字，这四个字出自于孔子《礼记、礼运》中的“大道之行也，天下为公”，意思是说，国家的政权不是哪一家人的天下，是天下人的天下，是老百姓的天下。这也是孙先生毕生奋斗的最高理想和对三民主义的极好注解。

在陵前广场上，四块草坪两两相对，修剪成圆球状的是大叶黄杨，两侧还有6棵日本友人赠送的千头松和一排银杏树。不同的树种，不同的形态，为整个陵区增添了庄重肃穆之感。

穿过陵门我们现在看到的是碑亭，为重檐歇山顶，上覆蓝色琉璃瓦。亭中石碑高8.1米，上面是国民党元老谭延闿手书的“中国国民党葬总理孙先生于此

中华民国十八年六月一日”24个镏金大字，碑的顶端还刻有一枚国民党党徽，由此可见为孙中山先生举行的是党葬。

从碑亭往后就是层层叠叠的台阶，从碑亭到祭堂这段石阶共有290层，共分为八段，象征着三民主义五权宪法。其中第四层平台上，陈列着一对紫铜鼎，是当时上海特别市政府捐赠的，鼎身刻有“奉安大典”四个字，在西侧的鼎有日军侵华时留下的弹孔。第五层平台上有一对石狮，是福建名匠蒋文子先生的杰作。在第8层的平台上，有孙先生长子孙科一家敬赠的青石鼎。

登上连绵的台阶，我们就来到了祭堂和墓室，这是陵墓的主体部分，为宫殿式结构，周围有西式堡垒衬托，两座华表拱卫。重檐歇山顶上覆盖着蓝色琉璃瓦，正中是中山先生手书“天地正气”四字直额，正门有三券拱门，在门楣上书有“民族，民权，民生”六个篆字。步入祭堂，首先印入眼帘的是一尊孙先生的坐像，这是由法国雕刻家保罗.阿林斯基用意大利白石雕刻的。先生身穿长袍马褂，双脚并坐，膝上摊着展开的文卷，睿智的目光凝视前方，神情沉思。坐像底坐的四周，还有六幅浮雕，分别是如抱赤子，出国宣传，商讨革命，国会授印，振聋发聩，讨袁护国。反映了孙中山先生一身从事革命活动的片断。左右两侧的护壁上有孙先生手书的《建国大纲》全文。顶上的斗式藻井是用马赛克所铺的国民党党党徽的图案。后壁的正中是墓门，与墓室相通，门额上有孙先生为黄花岗烈士手书的“浩气长存”四个字。

墓室为半球型封闭建筑，异常坚固。顶部仍然是马赛克所铺国民党党徽的图案。墓室的中央，是个圆形的大理石圹，直径4.33米，深1.7米，四周有大理石栏杆。墓圹正中就是由捷克雕刻家高崎按照1：1的比例雕刻的汉白玉的孙先生卧像。孙先生的遗体就在这个卧像下面5米深的地方，已经长眠了整整80个年头了。在墓室后方现开辟墓包公园，展出了当年修建陵墓的一些图片资料，大家可以自由参观。

当年，为先生举行的奉安大典是一个浩大隆重的典礼，为此，国民政府还专门修了一条从中山码头直通中山陵，全长15公里的奉安大道，在中山陵周围还建有一些附属建筑，如孙中山纪念馆、藏经楼，音乐台，光华亭、行建亭、流徽榭等，它们大多是1929年奉安大典以后各界人士和海外侨胞捐款修建而成，中山陵给人一种朴实、庄重的完美感。整个陵墓即融合古代陵墓的布局又吸取了大量西方的建筑艺术，是中国近代陵墓的精典之作。

中山陵就为您讲解到这，希望通过我的介绍，能给您留下美好的印象！谢谢大家。