第一篇：非常经典的历年真题医学英语写作123
A Blind Zone in Childr-Nutrition This article reveals a mistaken idea in child-raising which deserves correcting.Most parents take it for granted that children should eat more animal foods such as chicken, meat and fish than grain food because the former are far more expensive and the more expensive the food is the more nutritious it is.However, this is, in fact, a mistaken idea which has lead to malnutrition among many city kids.This is indicated in a survey recently made in Shanghai.What parents don’t know is that carbohydrate in grains, starch and sugar, the main and most inexpensive nutrient for energy supply, is of equal importance in metabolism.The energy it supplies is the main source of calories in human bodies,about 60% of the total amount of calories.If there is a lack of calories provided by carbohydrate, protein and fat will be used up to provide the heat and thus can’t play their original roles in the body.Consequently, it results in a retarded development in the children and even malnutrition.Apparently, the solution to the problem is to provide kids with a well-balanced food containing protein, carbohydrate and many other nutrients, none of which can be done without.Writing Drill 4(98 FATMD)In the past several years, many Chinese college students have come to accept psychological consultation(PC)they used to reject.In 1994, many students didn’t care to think about the consultation while in 1996, over 90% of 2132 students in a survey answered the related questionnaires carefully.PC is now gradually accepted by college students in China.Surveys indicate that 70-80% college students have psychological problems and 20.3% have such obstacles.There have been reports on many severe cases resulting from misunderstanding and lack of PC.In view of this, many universities in Nanjing have set up psychological healthcare service for students.Many students have corrected their misunderstanding about PC and bravely asked the consultants for help, which has greatly helped them overcome their mental obstacles.Even some military cadets have begun to consult experts for advice.Experts point out that prompt consultation can prevent mental problems from developing into obstacles, mental illnesses and even suicide.University psychological consultation, young as it is, has made remarkable progress and grown into a unique course in universities.Though it contributed to students’ healthy growth, it still has a long way to go to be fully understood and appreciated by both students and faculties.Writing Drill 5 老年健康饮食为先
Aging usually brings about recession in many bodily functions such indigestion, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and other metabolic dysfunctions.However, scientists find that these hypofunctions are actually caused by irrational diets or eating habits.This article discusses this problem and the solution to it.First, balanced diet with more vegetables than animal food is especially good for the old people.Second, less staple food and less salt in food should be suggested for the aged because overconsumption of these two can lead to cardiovascular diseases.Third, more bean food can replace proteins such as eggs and fat as sources of protein.Fourth, light food should be taken in instead of fat and oily foods which usually contribute to cardiovascular diseases.Fifth, doctors always advise people eat more fruit to regulate their digestion, metabolism and cardiovascular balance.In a word, a balanced diet, more vegetable food instead of fat food are of the first significance to the health of the aged and a long life.Writing Drill 6 Recently, more attention has been paid to a behavioral prescription for various and physical diseases.It includes laughter, sports, dancing and even crying.These methods have different functions.Laughter activates over 80 muscles.In laughing, smooth muscles in organs contract and help improve digestion.Crying can give vent to harmful chemicals in the body accumulated by stress.Sports and dancing can relieve chronic illness such as bronchitis, back pain, diabetes, etc.that medication alone can’t do.Many diseases of today are caused by bad mental conditions, work and stress, family problems, etc.Medication doesn’t usually effect in these cases because it doesn’t treat the cause of the ailments.Behavioral prescription, with its physical and mental massage like sports and dancing, can help patients stay off the cause of their diseases.Therefore, it is advocated by many doctors and health experts.It is expected that behavioral prescription will applied more widely as an effective therapy in the near future.f Writing Drill 7 Smoking and Health It is not until recently that smoking has been firmly proved to be hazardous to health.It irritates the throat and respiratory passages.It sometimes leads to poor appetite, nausea, short breath, and irregular heartbeat.More importantly, smoking is associated with chronic and fatal diseases of respiratory tract.Evidence shows that smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to develop cancer of the lungs, throat, tongue, and jaw, emphysema and bronchitis as well.As a result, many nations have made enormous efforts to warn people of the dangers of smoking.While smoking, particles of tobacco tar and smoke slow down the work of cilia.The tar collected in the lungs can cause cancer.Moreover, nicotine in tobacco can be simulating by affecting various centers on the medulla oblongata region of the brain.It can affect other physiological process that in turn affect the respiratory center in the brain.It can also influence other centers that slow down the action of the heart, constrict the arteries, and cause vomiting.In brief, smoking does nothing but harm to people’s health.Therefore, smokers of any age or kind should try to give it up.这篇短文的主旨是说明吸烟对健康危害及造成危害的原因，通读全文，根据其要点可以分为四个部分：1）吸烟有害；2）吸烟有哪些具体的害处；3）为什么吸烟会有害，亦即其致害机理是什么；4）总结：吸烟有害要戒烟。
总之，摘要写作时切忌“见木不见林”，要体现出层次感，结构要明快，这样可以向阅卷老师表明你的逻辑。
Writing Drill 9
Handwashing and Health Hospital infection is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality.The risk of transmitting pathogens by the hands of health care workers(HCWs)is increasingly big today.A simple and effective way of prevention is handwashing.But it is found that HCWs don’t always wash their hands before and after patient contacts.Semmelweis, a Viennese doctor in 1847, believed that high puerperal fever rate in some wards was caused by the hands of some medical students.He ordered that all students wash their hands with chlorinated lime before and between all patient contacts.As a result, the rate fell sharply.His methods were used by some other hospitals but his beliefs were ignored largely at that time.In the 1980s, a government health organization recommended that handwashing be imposed.But it has not been well compiled, even in ICUs, despite some efforts to improve compliance.The traditional handwashing practice has not been changed yet.HCWs have their own excuse for the resistance, such as no time, skin irritation, etc.Some say they have done it but surveys prove otherwise.With more multidrug-resistant pathogens on the increase.HCWs have to know that handwashing means health.HCWs: wash your hands before or between patient contacts.本篇短文主要讲了通过洗手防止和减少医院获得性感染的问题，这篇短文总的说来结构比较清晰，总结归纳起来相对容易，摘要写作当中，首先要将摘要分成三个部分，先象一般的论文一样写个引言，介绍主题，其次写Semmelweis首先发现了医务工作者不洗手而接触病人会造成感染，而洗手可以减少这种感染及引起的死亡率，尽管他的方法没有得到当时医学界的认可，最后是结论部分，写20世纪80年代，政府健康机构也要求强制洗手，但执行情况并不尽如人意。
总之，摘要写作时切忌“见木不见林”，要体现出层次感，结构要明快，细节引用尽量地少，这样才可以向阅卷老师表明你的逻辑性强，抓住了要点。
Writing Drill 10
Dangerous Factors in Maturing On their way to adulthood, adolescens are faced with many dangerous factors.These may include sexual encounters with HIV carriers, violence, mental and sexual abuse, drug abuse, smoking, as well as the negligence from the adults.What can doctors do to make the teenagers’ world a safer place? Perhaps we should first call for attention from the medical profession to the long ignored needs of teenagers.Some critics suggest that adolescent medicine become a medical subspecialty for more and proper attention to teenagers’ needs.Of course, there are some difficulties such as policymakers’ focus on more general practitioners whereas adolescents are poorly served by the medical community.Adolescents deserve primary care that is attentive to their special needs.The best way is to encourage policymakers to be interested in adolescent medicine.One of the ways for this is to require most medical students and trainees to master the skills needed to treat teenagers.Writing Drill 14 Psychological Care of Medical Patients There are more and more physically ill people accompanied by psychiatric morbidity, which can be physically and mentally harmful if not treated promptly and properly.However, there is a lack of psychiatric care of these patients, which has to be addressed in no time.There are some cost-effective treatments for psychiatric disorder in physically ill people.But few hospitals arrange formal services for these patients, which may not be efficient in the future.Some health service reforms have also affected the formerly cooperative relationship between psychiatrists and general hospital doctors.Pressure on beds in both psychiatry and general medicine makes the already difficult task of caring for patients with coexisting mental and physical illness harder.Besides, increased consumerism and heightened awareness of coexistence of mental and physical illness adds to demand for relevant services.In view of this situation, some British psychiatrists and physicians suggested that doctors and nurses learn to identify mental problems in their patients and offer psychological care and refer for psychiatric help.In their report, they also provided some relevant knowledge and approaches to treatment and psychiatric services.本文的内容根据标题便可不言自明了；患有身体疾病的同时伴有心理疾病的人越来越多，但这些人的心理护理亟需要得到科学的治疗和护理。摘要中要突出这种内科病人的心理护理缺医少药的问题，如缺乏正规的治疗和医护人员，费用昂贵等，结论断要包含专家就此问题提出的建议和看法。
摘要可以分成三个部分，一是引言段，引出问题；二是正文段，概述问题并加以讨论；三是结论段，用专家的建议作为结尾。
总之，摘要写作时切忌“见木不见林”，要体现出层次感，结构要明快，不要拘泥于细节，这样可以向阅卷老师表明你的逻辑性强，抓住了要点。
第二篇：医学考博英语历年真题摘要写作
医学考博英语历年真题摘要写作范文
97年题
A Blind Zone in Childr-Nutrition
This article reveals a mistaken idea in child-raising which deserves correcting.Most parents take it for granted that children should eat more animal foods such as chicken, meat and fish than grain food because the former are far more expensive and the more expensive the food is the more nutritious it is.However, this is, in fact, a mistaken idea which has lead to malnutrition among many city kids.This is indicated in a survey recently made in Shanghai.What parents don’t know is that carbohydrate in grains, starch and sugar, the main and most inexpensive nutrient for energy supply, is of equal importance in metabolism.The energy it supplies is the main source of calories in human bodies,about 60% of the total amount of calories.If there is a lack of calories provided by carbohydrate, protein and fat will be used up to provide the heat and thus can’t play their original roles in the body.Consequently, it results in a retarded development in the children and even malnutrition.Apparently, the solution to the problem is to provide kids with a well-balanced food containing protein, carbohydrate and many other nutrients, none of which can be done without.Writing Drill 4(98 FATMD)
In the past several years, many Chinese college students have come to accept psychological consultation(PC)they used to reject.In 1994, many students didn’t care to think about the consultation while in 1996, over 90% of 2132 students in a survey answered the related questionnaires carefully.PC is now gradually accepted by college students in China.Surveys indicate that 70-80% college students have psychological problems and 20.3% have such obstacles.There have been reports on many severe cases resulting from misunderstanding and lack of PC.In view of this, many universities in Nanjing have set up psychological healthcare service for students.Many students have corrected their misunderstanding about PC and bravely asked the consultants for help, which has greatly helped them overcome their mental obstacles.Even some military cadets have begun to consult experts for advice.Experts point out that prompt consultation can prevent mental problems from developing into obstacles, mental illnesses and even suicide.University psychological consultation, young as it is, has made remarkable progress and grown into a unique course in universities.Though it contributed to students’ healthy growth, it still has a long way to go to be fully understood and appreciated by both students and faculties.Writing Drill 5 老年健康饮食为先
Aging usually brings about recession in many bodily functions such indigestion, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and other metabolic dysfunctions.However, scientists find that these hypofunctions are actually caused by irrational diets or eating habits.This article discusses this problem and the solution to it.First, balanced diet with more vegetables than animal food is especially good for the old people.Second, less staple food and less salt in food should be suggested for the aged because overconsumption of these two can lead to cardiovascular diseases.Third, more bean food can replace proteins such as eggs and fat as sources of protein.Fourth, light food should be taken in instead of fat and oily foods which usually contribute to cardiovascular diseases.Fifth, doctors always advise people eat more fruit to regulate their digestion, metabolism and cardiovascular balance.In a word, a balanced diet, more vegetable food instead of fat food are of the first significance to the health of the aged and a long life.Writing Drill 6
Recently, more attention has been paid to a behavioral prescription for various and physical diseases.It includes laughter, sports, dancing and even crying.These methods have different functions.Laughter activates over 80 muscles.In laughing, smooth muscles in organs contract and help improve digestion.Crying can give vent to harmful chemicals in the body accumulated by stress.Sports and dancing can relieve chronic illness such as bronchitis, back pain, diabetes, etc.that medication alone can’t do.2013年医学考博英语正确的复习方法：http://www.xiexiebang.com/product/PR000082 2013年医学考博英语协议全程班：http://www.xiexiebang.com/product/PR000276
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第三篇：英语三级考试历年写作真题
历年A级考试写作真题
2013年6月
说明：请你为ABC公司人事部拟一则招聘广告。
要求：该广告中应包含招聘岗位、人数、任职条件（如学历、工作经历、计算机和外语能力等等）、联系方式（如电话，电子邮箱）、寄送简历的截止时间等内容。
2012年12月
说明：假设你是某公司销售助理王海，请给David Smith先生写一封回信，内容包括：
1、感谢对方订购了100箱衬衫；
2、建议用纸箱而不用木箱装运，并列举纸箱的优点（比如：轻便，成本低等）；你公司最近与别的美国公司交易中也用过纸箱，效果很好；
3、盼回复。
Words for reference 纸箱
carton
木箱
wooden case
2012年6月
说明：假定你是陈红，根据下列内容写一封申请信。写信日期：2012年6月17日 内容：
1、从网上了解到HPK公司招聘管理员（administrator）的岗位，你认为自己具备应聘资格；
2、你具有作为管理员的工作经验；
3、期待能有机会面谈；
4、若需要填写申请表，请告知你；
5、表示感谢。
注意：必须包括对收信人的称谓、写信日期、发信人的签名等基本格式。
2011年12月
说明：请按下列要求写一份寻物启事。
内容：假设你丢失了一个黑色手提包，写一份寻物启事。内容包括丢失时间，地点，提高内物品（自拟），酬谢方式和联系方式等。
2011年6月
假设您是某公司销售部经理 David Wang, 给你的客户写一封电子邮件，内容如下：
1、对多年来的合作表示感谢；
2、由于原材料涨价，劳动力成本提高，公司调整了部分产品价格；
3、从2011年6月起，执行新价格；
4、附上调整后的价格表；
5、欢迎继续订购本公司产品。Words for reference: 原材料raw material
劳动力成本 labor cost
附上 attach 注意信函格式
2010年12月 说明：假设你是某公司的员工Susan Waters, 根据下列内容给公司人事部经理Ms.Bush 写一封辞职信。
写信日期：2010年12月19日 内容：
1、表示要辞职；
2、解释辞职的原因（自拟）；
3、告知离职的时间（一个月后）；
4、对于在工作期间所得到得指导和帮助表示感谢。Words for reference: 辞职：reign v.resignation n.注意信函格式！
2010年6月
说明：假设你是一个医疗设备公司的经理，你收到一家代理公司的经理Pater Smith先生的信。他想了解你公司的情况，你写信向他介绍并表示希望他能作为你公司的代理。公司简介：
公司名称：广安医疗设备有限公司 成立年份：1980年
公司总部地址：中国神州市 主要产品：医疗测试设备
雇员人数：1000名，其中120人从事研究与开发 销售市场：大部分产品销往东南亚和南美 Words for reference: medical testing equipment 医疗测试设备 headquarters 总部 engage in 从事
Southeast Asia 东南亚 agent 代理
注意信函格式！
2009年12月
说明：根据下面中文信息写一封询问信 发信人: Mark Zhang 收信人：Mr.Smith 发信日期：2009年12月22日 内容：
1、M ark 在最近的广交会上认识了Smith先生；
2、mark 对Smith先生所在公司展出的新款手机很感兴趣；
3、询问产品的详细信息，包括产品的规格、颜色、价格和功能等；
4、说明该款手机市场销售前景看好；
5、希望和对方建立长远的商务关系。Words for reference: 广交会 Guangzhou Trade Fair 规格specifications 2009年6月
说明：假设你是某公司人事部职员王某，为安排一次职工的假期旅行，向某旅行社写信咨询有关事宜。内容：
1、询问旅游信息（如：线路、价格、折扣等）；
2、告诉对方参加旅游的人数和时间安排；
3、索要相关的资料，特别是行程安排；
4、告之联系方式。Words for reference: Travel Agency 旅行社 注意信函格式!
2008年12月
说明：请以王华的名义向商店经理写一封投诉信。内容如下： 投诉人：王华
投诉对象：第一百货公司 投诉商品：SQ200手机
投诉原因：不能拍照，不能收发短信，等 投诉要求：退货或更换 提出希望：及早回复
写信日期：2008年12月21日 注意信函格式！
第四篇：重庆市专升本英语历年写作真题
（2006年-通知-模拟试题三）以外语学院学生会的名义写一则篮球比赛延迟的通知。原定于后天举行的2009级和2010级之间的篮球比赛，因为今天的阴雨天气将延期举行.新的比赛日期定于本周星期五。比赛时间地点不变，还是在校体育馆。The day after tomorrow at the scheduled for the basketball match between grade/level 2009 and 2010 will be postponed，because of the rainy weather today, the new date of the contest is scheduled for Friday this week.Place the same time, still location in the school gymnasium.Foreign language college student union（2007年-通告）以公关部的名义给所有的员工写一份通告。邀请他们参加中国民航飞行学院60周年纪念。欢迎献计献策，所提建议送往本部门办公室，被采用者有奖。历史与现状：公司在规模和效益方面处于同行业五强之一。举行一系列的活动，庆祝取得的成就，Invite you to participate in the Civil Aviation Flight University of China 60 anniversary.Welcome to contribute ideas, the proposal submitted to the department office, was the prize adopters.The history and current situation: the company in the scale and efficiency in same industry in five strong one of.A series of activities, celebrate achievement,public relations department（2008年-请假条）Subject: Casual Leave of Absence Main Reason: A heavy snow strikes your hometown March 23th, 2008 Dear John Smith: I’m write to you ask for leave, main reason a heavy snow strikes my hometown, all road are blocked.I need to go back to help with solving the heavy snow I hope my request will be given due consideration.（2009年-邀请信）以某公司市场部经理XXX的名义给XXX写一封邀请信。邀请您出席贵公司于5月12日星期二在库尔勒大酒店就行的招待会.同时简要介绍公司的情况：一家经营化工机械的公司，经营产品和服务态度在业界得到一致好评。并希望会上与XX交评。Invite you to attend your company on May 12thTuesday, at KuErLe hotel is done conference。At this time also briefly introduced the company: a business of chemical machinery company, products and service attitude in the industry get consistent high praise.And I hope the meeting and you pay review.（2010年-询价信）以某汽车销售公司X经理的名义给XXX汽车生产厂家写一封询价信。从网上获悉贵公司正在生产各种价位的家用轿车，为此我们很感兴趣。能否请贵厂寄一份产品目录和价格表？
我公司是重庆最大的经销商（distributor），并在很多地区设有分公司。如果贵厂的轿车质量令人满意，价格合理，我们将大量订货。From online have learned that you are producing all kinds of price family car, therefore we are interested.Would you please send a copy of your factory products catalog and price list? My company is Chongqing biggest distributor, and has a branch in many areas.If your factory car quality is satisfactory, the price is reasonable;we will place a large order.Car sales company manager（2011年-求职信）以王玲的名义给重庆某合资企业（招聘秘书）写一封求职信 I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised in Chongqing Morning Newspaper position for a secretary.I graduated from XX university majorXX;I have passed College English Band 4.I shall be pleased to furnish you with any further information concerning my education and work experience.If you have any position available, please grant me a job interview at your convenience.Thank you for your time and consideration.（2012年-通告）以通告的形式写一篇XX公司关于XX手机新版使用功能的文章
写作格式和各个信函的常用语模板都在课本上，写作内容如下：
1、申请信
Applyapplicationapplicant
第一段： 自我介绍信息来源写作目的第二段：介绍自身素质qualifications（专业，）与申请岗位position的关系，第三段：希望别人在合适的时间给你一次面试的机会。盼复
2、邀请信
Inviteinvitation
第一段：写作目的问别人可否有时间来。。。
第二段：事件时间地点写清楚具体介绍一下事件别人如不能来请提前告知
第三段：希望别人能来 展望一下如果别人能来we will have a good time | enjoy ourselves。
3、投诉信
Complaincomplaint
第一段： 自我介绍写作目的（I am writing to complain about，，，，）
第二段： 详细（越详细越好例如：不能拍照 不能收发短信 电池用时没有商家承诺的时间长）介绍自己买到的产品出了什么问题
第三段： 给出两种解决的办法：退款 refund me2换货change another one希望别人尽快回复
注意：语气一定要委婉
4、介绍/推荐信
Recommendrecommendation
第一段：自我介绍写作目的第二段：推荐人的素质（学校专业，学历，工作经验等）相信推荐的人一定能够胜任贵公司岗位的要求
第三段：感谢对方能给你一次机会不论结果如何都请对方尽快回复
5、祝贺信
CongratulateCongratulation
第一段：消息来源写作目的第二段：对祝贺事件的描述
（XX考上了XX学校，他是你们家的骄傲，是你们家的希望，真为你们感到高兴。此时此刻 您一定沉浸在这件事情带给您的喜悦中，特此祝贺。不知会以怎样的方式祝贺，一定到场祝贺等）
第三段：再次祝贺。也祝当事人一切顺利等
6、道歉信
Apologizeapology
第一段：写作目的第二段：道歉的缘由及事件，对给别人带来的不便深表歉意。敬请别人谅解。
第三段：再次道歉，希望得到别人一如既往的支持。今后会有所改进或做的更好
7、感谢信
Appreciateappreciation
感谢信：
第一段：写作目的第二段：感谢的缘由及事件，这个帮助给我带来了什么样的好处。but for your help，we can
not。。。。
第三段：再次感谢别人的帮助。如有需要帮助的地方 you should have no doubt to notify me of it，I will try my best to do it。
8、慰问信
第一段：消息来源（从XX处听到你的XXX消息感到很遗憾）写作目的第二段：对别人出现了这种情况感到很心痛，问候本人及家人，希望别人能够尽快的振作，康复等，可以给出自己的建议。
第三段：表达自己的关心，如需帮助尽管开口（if there is anything that I can do to help you, please let me know.）
9、各类通知
Notifynotice
如无明确的通知对象或者明确的通知单位可以不按书信的格式进行写直接在第一行的正中间写上 notice 即可
第一段：通知的事件（越详细越好，规模任务等），地点，时间（交代清楚）
第二段：希望通知的对象准时参加
10、简历
Resume
写作格式和内容如下：
Name:
Sex:
Age:
Date of birth:
Date of place:
Mobile phone:
Address:
Email:
Education:
Work experience:
注意：后面两个部分education、work experience:是写作的重点
专升本英语写作必背句型
一、~ the + ~ est +名词+（that）+主词+ have ever + seen（known/heard/had/read，etc）
~ the most +形容词+名词+（that）+主词+ have ever + seen（known/heard/had/read，etc）
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr.Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more +形容词+ than to + V
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize ['emfəsaiz] the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。）
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V……（不可否认的……）
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that +句子~~（全世界都知道……）
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that +句子~~（毫无疑问的……）
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that +句子（……的优点是……）
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won‘t create（produce）any pollution.使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why +句子~~~ is that +句子（……的原因是……）
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So +形容词+ be +主词+ that +句子（如此……以致于……）
例句：So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be，S + V~~~（虽然……）
例句：Rich as our country is，the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.{by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V，~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~ The + more + Adj + S + V，~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~（愈……愈……）
例句：The harder you work，the more progress you make.你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read，the more learned we become.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
十二、By +Ving，~~ can ~~（借着……，……能够……
例句：By taking exercise，we can always stay healthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object（受词）+ to + V（……使……能够……）
例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~（我们绝对不能……）
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time + S +过去式（该是……的时候了）
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Those who ~~~（……的人……）
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
十七、There is no one but ~~~（没有人不……）
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.没有人不渴望上大学。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V（不得不……）
例句：Since the examination is around the corner，I am compelled to give up doing sports.既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It is conceivable that +句子（可想而知的）
It is obvious that +句子（明显的）
It is apparent that +句子（显然的）
例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~（那就是……的原因）
例句：Summer is sultry.That is the reason why I don‘t like it.夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、For the past +时间，S +现在完成式……（过去……年来，……一直……）
例句：For the past two years，I have been busy preparing for the examination.过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since + S +过去式，S +现在完成式。
例句：Since he went to senior high school，he has worked very hard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~（……是值得的。）
例句：It pays to help others.帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on（以……为基础）
例句：The progress of the society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V（不遗余力的）
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
二十六、bring home to +人+事（让……明白……事）
例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to ~~（与……息息相关）
例句：Taking exercise is closely related t o health.做运动与健康息息相关。
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving = make it a rule to + V（养成……的习惯）We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving，~~~（因为……）
例句：Thanks to his encouragement，I finally realized my dream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
三
十、What a + Adj + N + S + V！= How + Adj + a + N + V！（多么……！）
例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise！
How important a thing it is to keep our promise！
遵守诺言是多么重要的事！
三
十一、Leave much to be desired（令人不满意）还有许多待改进之处；还有很多不足之处例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.我们的交通状况令人不满意。
三
十二、Have a great influence on ~~~（对……有很大的影响）
例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
三
十三、do good to（对……有益），do harm to（对……有害）
例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。
Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
三
十四、Pose a great threat to ~~（对……造成一大威胁）
例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
三
十五、do one‘s utmost to + V = do one’s best（尽全力去……）
例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
第五篇：历年四级写作真题
专四辅导之便条写作
（一）便条的写作
便条是一种简单的书信形式。要求考生仔细阅读和分析所给的情景，确定便条所涉及的内容，如写便条者与便条接收者的身份、两者之间的关系及情景的正式程度等。
便条的特点在于内容简短，大多是临时性的询问、留言、通知、要求等。与正规书信相比，便条的语言更为口语化，比如要通知某事只需这样开头：Just a line to tell you that...而无须像正规书信那样This is to inform you that...开头。有急事需要告诉别人而又不能面谈时，就可以写便条，如请假条、留言条等。一般不写地址，与普通书信基本相同。结尾时也无需要结尾礼词，只需要写上便条者姓名。
便条的日期通常写在右上角，一般只要写上星期几，也可以写明上午、下午的具体时间；日常应用中，写上几月几日的也很普遍。但一般不写年份，因为便条的内容多半是当日或近日内要办的事情。
便条具有用途广泛、形式简单、文字要求不十分严格的特点。
基本写作格式
便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但必须包括以下四个基本要素； 1）Date：便条日期2）Salutation：称呼3）Body：正文 4）Signature：署名
注意事项
1.词句简洁，尽量避免应酬语和敬词 2.切忌内容空洞、言不达意。分类举例
1）请假（Asking for Leave）
例1 Directions: You are about to write a Business Leave Note of about 100 words.Please describe the information clearly.1)the reason you ask for the leave 2)the time and how long you will leave
Aug.22nd Secretary Li, I’m sorry to apply for ten days’ leave from the Aug.23rd to sept.3rd instant.As I have to leave with the time is urgent.My father now in the hospital is badly ill.I have to go to see him and take care of him for a few days.You know I’m the only child in my family.Of course I will show you the telegram about my father’s illness which is received from my mother to support my application.As concern as the missed lessons during my absence, I promise I will do my best to catch them on after I come back to the campus.Wish for your allowance.Yours respectfully，××× 本文是一封请假条，一般我们要向上级或老师请假，通常用的是ask for leave这个短语，请三天假可写作：ask for three days’ leave;因病请假则是ask for sick leave.leave在这里是名词用法，文中用的短语是apply for意为“申请”，含有更加郑重的意味，常用于下级对上级或晚辈对长辈的书面语中，“Only child”意为“独生子女”相应的，“独生女”译作“only daughter”而“独生子”译作“only son”.As concern as后面跟名词性结构，意为“涉及到，至于”与Concerning同义，两者可以互换。
例2 Directions: Your father is seriously ill, and you want to go back home.Write a note to the secretary and it should include 1)the cause for leaving;2)the days: from 16th to 21st;3)Catch on the lesson after returning school.July 5th Dear Miss Huang, My sister called me last night, and she said that my father is dangerously ill.I beg to apply for seven days’ leave of absence from 16th to 21st instant, in order that I can see my beloved father.I should be much obliged if you would grant me my application.As regards the lessons to be missed during my absence, I will do my best to make up for them as soon as I get back from home.Sincerely yours，××× I should be much obliged if you would...是一种客套语，表示“……，我当不胜感激。”“补课”的英文是to make up for the lessons。2)约请(Invitation)Directions: You have a ticket to the Russian National Ballet Troupe, which is visiting and you want to give it to your friend Alice.Write a note to her and say: 1)the time of the show, 2)the place where you will wait for her.Sunday Dear Alice, Here is a piece of good news for you.The Russian National Ballet Troupe, which is now on a visit in Beijing, will give a performance in the Beijing Grand Theater tomorrow evening.I am sure that you will be happy to watch it.Here I leave you an admission card.The performance will begin at seven o’clock sharp.I will wait for you at the theater entrance.Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming or not.××× 约朋友一起去看戏，可是朋友不在家，只好留下票子和一张便条，但又怕朋友来不了，所以在便条最后特地写上“如果你来不了，告诉我一声”（Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming）3)道歉（Apology）
人非圣贤，孰能无过。在社会交往中，人们常常会出现一些疏忽、过失等。如果发生此类事情，就会给对方带来麻烦和不便。为了避免误解，不影响感情，在这种情况下，应写信给对方予以解释，以请求谅解。此类信要写得及时，态度要诚恳，用词需谦逊。一般在信一开始就向对方表示歉意或内疚，然后说明原因并提出补救的办法。
例1 Directions: You have missed a date of your friend, now you have to write a letter for appologization in about 100 words.May 20th Dear Lily, I am sorry I missed seeing you yesterday.I know that you must have been disappointed.I also feel worried and anxious in my heart.The fact is that my manager at the last moment asked me to prepare a urgent plan while I could not get to a phone to call you and yesterday I have worked late until about 8:30 p.m.I am terribly sorry.However, I would like to ask you out this weekend to make up for yesterday.Please give me a chance and I am waiting for your reply.××× 临时有事未能赴约，一定要把事情解释清楚并真诚的道歉，最好能有弥补（to make up），邀请对方周末再碰头（I would like to ask you out this weekend）注意句子you must have been disappointed中情态动词的用法：情态动词+完成时态，表示过去行为。这句话应该理解为“你当时一定感到很失望”。
例2 Directions: You have received a invitation from your friend, but you have already had some guests in your house.Please express the reason you can’t go clearly in about 100 words.6.April Dear Lucy, I do apologize for having to send this letter about Saturday night.When I accepted your invitation, I simply forgot that Saturday was a holiday and that my own guests were not leaving until Sunday morning.It is difficult for me to make a choice.Though I also wonder to meet you very much.I could not very well go out by myself and leave the guests at my home.I hope you know how sorry I am not to be with you this Saturday.Should I make a visit to you in my other spare time? Thank you very much.××× 自己家里有客人，自然不方便再接受别人邀请去做客所以可以明正言顺的表示拒绝或可另约时间。英文要强调谓语动词，可以加上助动词，例如：I do apologize for being late.例3 Directions: You are already have a date with your friend but suddenly have another thing to do and you have to tell your friend that you can’t go.Express your reason clearly in about 100 words.Monday 9:00 am Dear Jane, I am sorry to tell you that I won’t be able to come this afternoon because I have to go to the airport at 2:00 p.m.to meet an overseas visitor from Australia.I really have kept our date in my mind all these days, however, I received my boss’s e-mail this morning, he asked me to go to the airport to meet one of his friends from abroad, it’s urgent and I must go.Please forgive me.Would you please ring me up to make another time? Many thanks.××× 因有事而不能赴约，只能另约时间（to make或to fix another time）。英国人一般把“打电话”说成to ring somebody up，还可以说 to give somebody a ring，不要错以为别人要送你个戒指。美国人通常说to call somebody。与别人已经定好的约会却临时不能赴约时，应说明原因并诚恳地道歉，以期获得别人的谅解。4）借物(Borrowing)Directions: You are going to write a note for borrowing sth.Please describe these information clearly 1)the thing you ask 2)what you are going to do with it 3)how long will you take it.Tuesday Dear Xiao Wang, I wonder if I could borrow your electronic dictionary for a few days.Now I am translating some important articles.There are many new words which I have to look up the dictionary usually.I just have a paper dictionary but of course it’s not as convenient as the electronic one, which has a bad effect upon my velocity of my translating.So I think your electronic dictionary is more suitable for me to complete my work.I promise that I must be very careful of your dictionary and make no damage done on it.Thank you very much!
Yours ever，××× 字典是我们日常生活中常用的学习工具，但千万不能从字面上认为“查字典”就是“check the dictionary”，而应该用“look up”这个固定短语来表达。“影响……”有一个很地道的短语。“have effect upon/on”,如果是积极影响就在have和effect之间加a good，反之，就加“a bad”其他的形容词例如great，remarkable也可以用来修饰effect，此词在这里是名词。5）回复友人问候(Reply for Regards)Directions: You have just had an operation, and received a note of regards from your friend Jenny.Now please write a reply to her to tell her your current situation.Jan.8th.Dear Jenny, Thanks for your letter of sympathy I received the day before yesterday.The operation on my leg was a wonderful success.You know I had been suffering a lot from my leg since my childhood.The operation removed the cause of trouble.It is quite worth having the operation.I am daily recovering from my illness.I’m confident I will soon be in the office again after proper treatment.Thank you for kind wishes.My best wishes to all your family
××× 这是对好友问候便条的回复。形式简单，内容明了。过去完成进行时“I had been suffering…my childhood”表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。便条写作中的语言表达：
中国人与西方人看问题的方法的确在许多方面存在着差异，而且这种差异的的确确在束缚着中国学生，成为他们英文写作中的拦路虎，使他们不能准确而简洁地表达思想。
比如写下面一则便条，因母亲突然生病，周末你不能和汤姆去跳舞了，你找了舞跳得很好的时黛来代替你，并表示抱歉。
July 6
Dear Tom，I am sorry to inform you that I won't be able to go to dance with you this weekend．My mother is suddenly taken ill．In order not to disappoint you，I have asked Shi Dai to take my place．She is a better dancer，I think．
My regrets．
Joe 从便条中可看出，英语表达先“果”—I won't be able to go to dance with you this weekend后“因”—my mother is suddenly taken ill，即所谓“先果后因”。
一般来说，在单个句子中，英语句子也是先中心，也就是将主要思想、结果放在句首，放在主句里表达；而汉语正相反，一般为后中心，主要的观点、信息往往放在句末。如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill．（因为他病了，昨天他不得不呆在家里。）
Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life．（生活中既然有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。）
所以说，大学生用英文写作时，要按照英美人的思维模式进行思考，避免写出中国式的英语。
专业四级便条写作范例： 1.A note of Invitation Dear Mrs.Hudson:
Will you and Mr.Hudson be able to join us and a couple of friends on Saturday evening, October 5th, for dinner? Later we plan to go to the City's Performance Hall to see a Huangmei opera.Dinner starts at six-thirty to allow plenty of time for the drive into town and arrival before curtain time.We do hope you can come.Sincerely yours, Ma Ming
2.A note of thanks Dear Betty, The beautiful electronic translator for me arrived today.Thank you so much for sending me such a nice present.It is very useful for me to study English with, especially when I come across some new words while reading.Thanks to your gift, vocabulary is no longer my headache now.Besides, it is lovely and the size is perfect for me to carry.It is the best gift I have ever received.Thank you again.Jenny
3.A note of apologies Mrs.Katy，I'm terribly sorry I wasn't present on time in your class yesterday morning.I met with the traffic jam on my way to school so that I spent thirty minutes longer than before.I know you are a little angry, anyhow it's my fault, so 1 wish you can forgive me.Later I will try to avoid such accident.Thanks.Tony
4.A Note of Appointment Dear Betty，I wonder if I could see you in your office tomorrow, at 10:15.I have many problems to talk over with you on my current work.It makes me very puzzled.So I hope you could give me some good advice.Please give me a phone call and let me know whether it is ok, or when you are convenient.Rain
5.A Note of Congratulations Dear Jacky, I am so glad to hear that you won the first place in the National English Debating Contest.Congratulations!How great you are!You set a good example for us.All of our class are proud of you excellent performance.Later I want to share your joy.You can talk with me in details.Let's call a day.See you.Henry
6.A Note of Application Dear Professor Wang, It is said you need a part-time teacher from newspaper.I am interested in teaching English in your training center.I am a second-year student of English major.I am qualified to teach reading, writing and speaking.In the past I had ever worked as a teacher in a school.I firmly believe I am competent in this job.I am looking forward to your reply.Henry
历年专四试题――便条
2000 SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
Write on answer sheet one a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: You've read on the notice board that the university library is looking for a par t-time library assistant who can work at weekends.You think that your classmate, George, is a suitable person for this vacancy.Write him a note, telling him what you know about the vacancy and trying to persuade him to go for an interview.2001 SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
Write on answer sheet one a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Yesterday you failed to turn up for the appointment with your teacher, Profess or Wang.Write him a note of apology and make a request for another meeting.You should also suggest the time for the requested meeting.2002 SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
Write a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: You have heard that your friend, Jack, wishes to sell his walkman.Write him a note expressing your interest in it, asking him about its condition and offering a price for it.2003 SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
Write on answer sheet one a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Your friend Clare has invited you to her house-warming party this weekend.However, you will be away then.Write her a note politely declining her invitation and expressing your best wishes to her.2004 SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
Write on answer sheet one a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Your friend, Jane, has failed in the final exam, and is feeling very unhappy about it.Write a note to comfort her and give her some encouragement.2005 SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: You have got two tickets to a concert given by a famous pop band/orchestra.Write a note to your friend, Hilda/Mike, describing briefly what it is and inviting her/him to come with you.2006 SECTION B NOTE-WRITING Write on answer sheet two a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: you have got to know that you classmate, Michael, is organizing a weekend excursion for the class.And you are thinking of joining the trip, write him a note expressing your interest in the excursion and asking for information on two details related to the excursion.历年短文写作真题
1992 My View on Reading Extensively 1993 My Idea of Becoming a Teaching in the Future 1994 TV: a good thing or a bad thing? 1995 Nowadays it has become fashionable for college students to take a part-time job in their spare time.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.1996 Every college student would agree that life in college is not the same as it was in the middle school.Now，you have been asked by the Student's Union to write a passage entitled： The Main Difference Between My College Life And My Middle School Life 1997 Some of your classmates think that more pressure from academic studies is not beneficial to students.You either agree or disagree with them：More pressure from academic studies does（does not）good to us 1998 It is now generally accepted that vehicles（cars，trucks，etc.）are a major source of air pollution in cities.You are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem.One way to solve the problem 1999 We see advertisements on television everyday.Some people think that TV advertising brings as benefits，but others don't think so.What is your opinion？A major advantage/disadvantage of advertising on television 2000 College life should be varied and colorful.And extracurricular activities are an important aspect of it.However，at present，there is much room for improvement in this regard.Write an article to the university radio entitled：The importance of extracurricular activities 2001 Travel has become part of our life.And more and more of us have come to know the significance of travel through our own experience：Travel broadens the mind 2002 Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health.And they have different ways to stay healthy.For example，some exercise every day； others try to keep a balanced diet.What do you think is the best way to stay healthy？The Best Way to Stay Healthy 2003
People in modern society live under a lot of pressure, from education, career, or family.So it is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.Write on answer sheet one a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: The importance of Keeping A Good Mood 2004
Nowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other.So, some say that phones will kill letter writing.What is your opinion? Write on answer sheet one a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? 2005
The students' Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included.Write on answer sheet two a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: My Idea of A University Arts Festival 2006 Recently a Beijing information company did a survey of student life among more than 700 students in Beijing, Guangzhou, xi 'an, Chengdu , shanghai , Wuhan, nanjing ,and Shenyang.The results have shown that 67 percent of students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrow's money today is better, what do you think? Write on answer sheet two a compositions of about 200 words.You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what you opinion is In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate detail.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.VI.SECTION A Nowadays the Internet has become part of people's life, and millions of young people have made friends online.Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Is It Wise to Make Friends Online? You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Your classmate, Jimmy, is head of the university's swimming club.He has invited you to join the club, but you like some other sport.Write him a note, declining his invitation and explaining why.Marks will be awarder for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.composition of about 200 words on the following topic: The Benefits of Volunteering
You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING [10 MIN] Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:
Jane, your classmate, is thinking of subscribing to an English-language newspaper.And you would like to recommend one to her.Write a note, telling her which newspaper it is and describing two features of the paper.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.转自[英美者]-英语专业网站：http:///TEM/Test4/4057187062_5.html 专四短文写作范例
2010年Should College Students Hire Cleaners Buying or Borrowing Books?
Books are close friends of humanity.They can arm us with knowledge and information we need to make success of life.Through books we can obtain skills and techniques for survival and development.Through books we can enlighten our spirits and live a fuller life.There are generally two ways in which we can access to books: borrowing or buying.While millions are borrowing books, I still think buying them best suits me and gives me the greatest enjoyment.Admittedly, there are a few merits for borrowing books.For one thing, borrowing books can save us huge amounts of money.And of course, with the money saved we can do other more worthy things.And also, as we borrow books from the library and friends, we normally have deadline to finish them, and consequently we can read more books in a limited time.And we can, above all, better our efficiency of our reading, just as a famous Chinese saying goes, “books can not be read unless borrowed.”
However, some advantages for buying books are more obvious and compelling.One of them, definitely not shared by the choice of borrowing books, is the abundance of freedom that buying books can offer us.Since we can keep the books as long as we wish, we can read as much as we want.Another strength of owing books is that we can take whatever notes on the margin of the pages of the books.And finally, the process of selecting and keeping books can be a great fun that borrowing books can by no means offer.While borrowing books can, to some extent, quench our thirst for knowledge, buying books gives us greater pleasure of selecting and keeping the best of the world treasure.Can we think of any thing else more delightful and rewarding?
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