高中英语定语从句详解

第一篇：高中英语定语从句详解

高中英语定语从句详解

◆英语谚语欣赏

1.He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for –nothing.不懂装懂，一事无成.2.It’s the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下

3.He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.Ⅰ.概念：

(1)定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。

(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：

1)引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；

2)必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose、as 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、where The student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy(whom)you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词；

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。

Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法：

●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如： 1.A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主语)2.Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? 3.You can take anything(that)you like.（宾语）

4.What is the question(that/which)they are talking about? 5.Here is the man(who/whom/that)you want to see.6.She's no longer the girl(that)she used to be before.（表语）7.Our hometown is no longer the one(that)it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。= Our hometown is not what it used to be.●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：

1.The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）2.The book(which/that)I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）3.The factory in which his father works is far from here.4.He was proud, which his brother never was.（表语）

5.Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定语）6.He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.●who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人 whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语;只可指人

whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。I like the students who/that work hard.（主语）

All who heard the story were amazed.(代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor.（宾语）He's a man from whom we should learn.= He's a man(whom/who/that)we should learn from.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）I'd like a room whose window faces south.（指物）=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come 1.关系代词 whose，引导定语从句时，既可指人，又可指物，在从句中只能作定语；of whom 只能指人；of which 只能指物，有时 whose 可以与 of whom 和 of which 互换使用。如： The girl whose hair is golden is from England.头发金色的那个女孩是英国人。

The house whose doors are green is an office building.门是绿色的那座房子是办公楼。2.“介词 + whose +名词” 引导定语从句。如：

I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard.我爱我的祖国，为了她美好的未来我要努力工作。

3.在下列情况下，一般只用 of whom 和 of which。

(1)定语从句的主语是 few, little, some, most, many, much等时，一般只用of whom和of which。

In the room are lots of people, many of whom I don’t know.房间里有很多人，很多人我不认识。He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read.他有很多故事书，有几本故事书我还从未看过。

(2)定语从句的主语是数词、形容词的最高级时，一般只用of whom和of which。如：

The old man has three children, two of whom are college students and one of whom is a manager.那个老人有三个小孩，其中两个是大学生，另一个是经理。

(3)定语从句的主语是all, none, both, neither, each等不定代词时，一般只用of whom和of which。如：

There are fifty students in our class, all of whom are working hard.我们班有五十个学生，所有这五十个学生学习都刻苦。

He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well.去年他栽了两棵树，这两棵树都长得好。

(4)在定语从句中作表语的定语时，一般只用of whom和of which。如： He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one.它有三兄弟，李蕾是他们中最小的一个。

There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one.亚洲有很多国家，中国是最大的一个。

关系代词作介词宾语: 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末.）

关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重）1.一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。I never forget the day on which I came to this school.(on the day)2.二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan.(spend money on sth.)3.三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。

This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.This is the book for which you asked.=This is the book(that/which)you asked for.Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person(whom/who/that)I shook hands with? The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after.(介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of, hear ofaboutfrom, care for, look forward, pay attention to, listen to等)●as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)①如为限制性的，多用于the same …as;the same as；such …as …;as many/much as；so …as等结构中。如：

※I have the same book as you(have).我有一本和你的一样的书。

Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.(关系代词as和指示代词same连用, 在从句中用作表语, 先行词是same.).---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?---I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Don't do such things as you are not sure about.There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in.I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.（定语从句）

Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）

②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为“正如，这一点”。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.(as 作宾语)=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health.（as 作主语）=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health.=Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know.（as 作宾语）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.(宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)Ⅲ.关系副词引导的定语从句: ●When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）

He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行词为“时间名词”，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.I still remember the days which/that we spent together.（作宾语）

Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, I'm sure, will be exciting.I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.There are occasions when joking is not permissible.●Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.This is the place where I was born.I live in the room where /in which he used to live.注意：先行词是“地点名词”，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较: ※This is the factory where /in which he worked last year.（作状语）

在高中的英语学习中，我们都知道，where在定语从句中用作关系副词，作状语，先行词一般指地点。例如：

This is the farm where we worked when we were young.这就是我们年轻时候在此干活的农场。

He met his wife in the park where they fell in love with each other.他是在这个公园遇到他的妻子，就是在那里，他们相爱了。

当然，在实际的英语学习中，where在定语从句中的用法远不是这么简单，相反，要复杂得多，为了让学生对where在定语从句中的用法有更好的了解，下面我就对学生在学习过程中的重难点问题谈一谈它的用法。

一、某些在从句中充当地点状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以与where 互换，where=in/at/on/...which 例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.在英语学习中，并不是单纯地让学生知道where的这种用法就可以了，很多时候学生要掌握where和其他词的用法的区别，才能更好地把握定语从句的用法。例如： This is the factory where/in which you worked last year.This is the factory that/which/you visited last year.在第一句中，关系词在定语从句中作状语，所以用关系副词where或者in which，因为定语从句中worked 是个不及物动词；而在第二句中，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，因此用that或which，还可以省略，visited是个及物动词。学生有时还会碰到更复杂的情况。例如： Is this factory the one that/which/ you visited last year? Is this factory the one where/in which you lived last year? Is this the factory where/in which you lived last year? 这几个句子比前面的两个句子又复杂，除了要区别关系词在定语句子作什么成分，还要注意到前两个句子缺成分，所以要补充 the one。

二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词

where引导的定语从句的先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。如果定语从句修饰point，situation，part，condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，关系词在定语从句中充当状语时，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。为了帮助同学们熟悉这一语言现象，正确掌握这一知识点，对where定语从句修饰抽象名词的用法作一归纳。

1)where定语从句修饰抽象名词point You reach a point where medicine can’t help.你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们到了必须改一改的地步。

注：有时point也可以是具体的地点：

The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1.事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。

2)where定语从句修饰抽象名词case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb.在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。

3)where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。4)where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。

5)where定语从句修饰抽象名词position It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。

6)where定语从句修饰抽象名词job She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use.她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。

当然了，我们碰到这些词作为先行词时并不一定都用where，我们也要具体情况具体分析，他们只有在定语从句中作状语时才用where。

例如：We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.A.which B.that C.where D.when---Do you have anything to say for yourself?---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on.A.why B.where C.how D./ 上面两个句子虽然先行词相同，都是point，但是由于他们在定语从句中充当的成分不同，所以我们在选择关系词时就要区别对待。第一个句子中关系词在句中作状语，所以选择where关系副词；第二个句子中关系词在定语从句中做宾语，所以选择关系代词that，which或者不填，这样第一题选择C，第二题选择D。

The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations where English is used.He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the place which is now part of Hubei.This is the park which/that they visited last year.（作宾语）

Not having been there before, he simply had no idea about the place, which everyone says is worth visiting.●Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：

The reason why / for which /(that)he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.I don't believe the reason(that/which)he gave me.（作宾语）

Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success?（作主语）Ex.)He was late.That's because he got up late..He got up late.That's why he was late.(表语从句)

(the reason)why/for which he was late.(定语从句)当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that, in which,或不用引导。way后的定语从句 的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如: This is the way(that)/in which I do such things.比较: Please do the experiment in the way（that/which）I have shown you.Ⅳ.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 1.形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2.语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.3.语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。

This is the book I like best.这就是我最喜欢的那本书。

Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics.北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。4.翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为“的”字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）

比较: He has a sister, who is a musician.He has a sister who is a musician.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose;关系副词when，where, why, etc.1.He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2.Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.3.They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.4.He was proud, which his brother never was.Ⅴ.几个易混淆的关系代词的比较: ●that & which: 在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等, 1.We should do all that is useful to the people.2.There's nothing that can be said about it.3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday? ②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.The last place(that)we visited was the chemical works.You can take any(=whichever)seat that is free.I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。1.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.如： 1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known.2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.⑥被修饰词为数词时.1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。1.Which is the book that you like best? 2.Who is the man that is standing at the gate? ⑨主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词.如： 1.There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that.1.That's a good book that will help you a lot.2.My home village is no longer the place(that)it used to be.定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况: ①当关系代词的前面有介词时.1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in which Mr.White lives? ②在非限制性定语从句中.1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died.2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country.(which指代主句)③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which.1.Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.2.At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.1.Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which.What's that which she is looking at? ⑥先行词是those+复数名词.A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.(B)who & that: who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who, 而不宜用that

①先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时.如： 1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone who(=Whoever)failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once 4.I don't like the ones(= those)who talk big.5.Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.②在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人.如： 1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you.2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.③当先行词有较长的后置定语时.如：

1.I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.④一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that ,另一个则宜用who, 以免重复.如：

1.The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的异同

一、相同点

两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。

The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted.He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner.二、不同点

1.as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。

As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.Air, as we know, is gas.2.在非限制性从句中，which后的be动词不可省；as而后的be动词可以省略。She told me she won the match, which was a lie.The material is elastic, as(was)shown in the figure.3.which在非限制性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be, seem, become等，一般不用其他行为动词。He saw the girl, which delighted him.He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange.4.as常用“正如”含义，常用的结构有as we know（众所周知）；as often happens（正如常发生的那样）；as is often the case（情况常常如此）;as we all can see（正如我们看到的）;be announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/ reported等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。As is known to all, China is a developing country.Kate was late for school, as often happened.5.在非限制性定语从句中which指代主句中某一个单词时，as不可以。My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well.Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital.6.“介词+关系代词（介宾代物）”中关系代词只能用which。

The Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches.Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent.7.从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，常用which。He can write a letter in English, which I can not.Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not 8.在非限制性定语从句关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时，常用which He said he had passed the exam, which was untrue.定语从句中关系代词省略与保留

我们知道，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，但也有几种特殊情况，关系代词不用作宾语也可以省略，同学们学习和使用时请注意。

在下列情况下,引导宾语从句的关联词可以省略。

一、that在定语从句中作表语时。例如:

She is all(that)a teacher should be.她具备一个老师应该具备的所有条件。

二、that在从句中作补语时。例如:

I'm not the fool(that)you thought me.我不是你以前所认为的那个傻子了。

He is the nicest teacher(that)the students consider him in their school.他就是学生认为学校中最好的那个老师。

三、作状语时的省略。

1.当先行词是reason,且在定语从句中作原因状语时,可以用关系副词why或关系代词that,也可以省略。例如:

The reason(why/that)he failed was his laziness.他失败的原因是因为他懒惰。

That is the reason I did it.那就是我做那件事的原因。

2.当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时,关联词可用in which或that,也可以省略。例如:

The way(in which/ that)these comrades look at problems is wrong.这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。

That was the way(in which / that)she worked the problem out.她就是用那种办法解决问题的。

3.当先行词是time时,关联词可用when, that或省略。例如:

The second time(that)I saw him was in 2000.我第二次见到他是在2000年。

I don't know the exact time(when/ that)the sports meeting will take place.我不知道运动会举办的确切时间。

4.当先行词是place时,关联词可用where,that或省略。例如:

The place(where/ that)we will have our picnic is not decided yet.我们举行野餐的地点还没定下来。

This is the right place he was born.这儿就是他的出生地。(注意:句末不可用介词in)

同学们往往认为关系代词作宾语时就一定可以省略,其实不然.在下列四种情况下,关系代词虽作宾语,却不能省略。

一、在介词+whom /which结构中, whom, which不能省略。例如:

Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers?你知道附近有可以买到花的商店吗?

That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.刚才和我爸爸交谈的那个人是校长。

二、在非限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。例如:

Mr Green, whom you know, is the tallest in our school.格林先生是我们学校里最高的,你也认识他。

The elephant is like a spear, as anyone can see.大象像长矛,任何人都知道。

三、在the same...as, such...as, as...as, the same...that结构中, as, that 即使作宾语,也不能省略。例如:

I have bought the same bike as you(have).(指同类用as)我买了一辆和你的一样的自行车。

This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday.这就是我前天读过的那本书。(关系代词that如要换成as, 则指与我读的书一样,而不是同一本。)

四、当and, but, or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时,关系代词第一个可省略,第二、第三个等不可省略。例如:

This is the book(which)I read yesterday and which I found very interesting.这就是我昨天读的那本书,它很有趣。

You have many people around you(whom)you always turn to and whom you will never forget.你身边有很多人,你经常向他们求助,你永远不要忘记他们。

第二篇：高中英语定语从句说课稿

高中英语定语从句说课稿

本节说课的内容是三年制高级中学英语语法定语从句。

一、分析教材

1、教材内容要点：

第一、定语从句的概念 第二、定语从句的分类 第三、定语从句的用法

2、教材的地位和作用：

定语从句是高中英语教学中的一个非常重要的语法，也是高考的一个热点。在英语里，定语从句可以使一个繁琐的句子变得非常简洁，同时，它在人们日常会话中出现的频率特别高。定语从句掌握地扎实与否关系到一个学生英语水平的高低。因此，定语从句的学习和掌握在英语学习中有着重要的意义。

3、教学目的

根据教学大纲的要求，通过这一节课的教学，要使学生知道什么是定语从句和定语从句的分类，掌握定语从句的用法。培养学生的观察能力、分析概括能力以及演绎推理能力等。还要培养学生探索求真知的精神，对学生进行实践观点的教育。

4、教学的重点与难点

定语从句是本课的主要内容，与日常英语的应用密切联系，所以定语从句的概念与运用是本节课的一个重点。对定语从句的复习，需要综合应用所学知识来解决原来的遗留问题，因而对句子分析和推理概括能力要求提高了。而高中生侧重于对直观现象进行具体、形象的思维来获得知识。因此这个知识点既是本节课的重点又是难点。

培养学生的多种能力也是这节课的重点，这是素质教育对现代教学的要求。

二、分析学生

大多数学生上进心强，学习态度端正，有良好的学习习惯，但是缺乏一定的探索研究问题的能力。

定语从句是学生在英语学习中比较常用的语法，也是他们必须掌握的内容。教学中要注意培养学生对英语的兴趣，充分发挥主体作用，迎合他们好奇、好动、好强的心理特点，调动他们学习的积极性和主动性。

高中生的思维方式由形象思维向抽象思维过渡，因此在教学中应注意积极引导学生应用已掌握的基础知识，通过理论分析和推理判断来获得新知识，发展抽象思维能力。当然在此过程中仍需以一些感性认识作为依托，可以借助多媒体设备加强直观性和形象性，以便学生理解和掌握。

三、教学方法

这节课可综合应用提问、归纳、介绍、检查、讲授和讨论等多种形式的教学方法，提高课堂效率，培养学生对英语的兴趣，激发学生的求知欲望。充分体现以教师为主导，以学生为主体的原则。创设英语情境让学生参与语言实践，边动口边思考。从语言分析总结出结论以调动学生的积极性。

四、教学程序

教学中要以了解、学习研究英语的方法为基础，掌握知识为中心，培养能力为方向，紧抓重点突破难点，具体设计如下：

1、新课导入：

以创设问题情境导入新课。学源于思，思源于疑，一上课便以听歌曲填空的形式引入课题，引导学生分析歌词中的有关定语从句的句子，认真分析句子成分，使学生产生强烈的求知欲和好奇心，调动学生学习的积极性和主动性。

2、讲授新课：

任何语言学习都离不开语言实践。这节课主要采用讲授归纳的方法来建立定语从句的概念。我将一个定语从句列在投影上，让学生分析这个句子的成分，从而导出两个非常重要的内容----先行词和关系词，然后逐一解释。通过分析例句，培养了学生的分析能力、观察能力，增强了他们的感性认识。为了使学生能对定语从句有更进一步的认识，这里我又采用提问的方法让学生说出定语从句的分类，然后我对其进行进一步地解释和说明，让学生通过讲解概括，总结出定语从句的分类。在此基础上，我让同学们回答出定语从句中的关系代词有哪些，通过一些简单的例句，让学生知道每一个代词在句子中起什么作用以及用法。在讲解关系代词与介词时，我让学生自己归纳出它们的规律，提高学生的概括能力，从而达到复习的目的。在讲解关系词that和which、who和that、as和which这一环节时，我先让学说出它们的特殊用法，然后我再进一步加以阐述。从而，引出它们的特殊用法。

一、that和which的特殊用法：

1、有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which。

a、从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句。

b、先行词是all,something,nothing,anything等不定 代词时,只能用that。c、先行词既有人也有物时,只用that引出从句。d、先行词是one of,the one, 或用little,few, no, all, any, only, just, very作修

饰时，只能用that。e、当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，只能用that。

2、定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况。

a、当关系代词前面有介词时。b、在非限制性定语从句中。

c、在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个从句的关系代词用了that，另一个宜用which。

二、who和that的特殊用法：

who、that在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用who不用that。a、先行词是one(s),anyone,someone, those时，关系词使用who。b、在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，关系词用who。

三、关系代词as和which的区别

as和which所代表的都是整个句子所表示的内容,但是二者有两点不同之处：

a、在形式上as引导的非限制定语从句可位于主句后面,也可位于主句之前；而which引导的非限制定语从句只能位于主句之后，不能位于主句的前面。

b、在意义上，as定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就象……”，而which定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which。

针对关系副词的复习，因其难度不大，我直接采用讲解法，学生容易理解。关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有数种作用。a、在从句中代替先行词。b、在句中作状语。

c、连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。

同时，在解释的过程中不断穿插练习，达到巩固复习的目的,体现精讲精练的教学原则和我校提出的“四转五让”原则。

3、反馈和巩固

在讲解完所有语法点之后，为了更加有效地巩固所复习的知识，我设计了两种有针对性的习题练习，让学生把掌握的知识运用于实际语言操作中，从而达到知能并重的目的。

4、小结

最后通过小结，以表格的形式把本节课所复习的语法点进行总结。

5、板书设计 GRAMMAR Attributive Clause

6、布置作业

Finish off the exercise paper.

第三篇：高中英语定语从句语法教学浅谈

高中英语定语从句语法教学浅谈

张先红 滁州市 全椒县 古河中学

2013-11-6 21:32:32

高中英语定语从句语法教学浅谈

我国学生学习英语的环境基本上是一个非母语的环境，目前的学习条件如师资、设备、环境等从总体上说并不令人满意。我并不赞同以往的语法翻译教学法，但一味的淡化语法并不利于学生学好英语。语法好比语言的密码，不懂语法显然是行不通的。高考中写一篇英语作文，这是重视英语语法的考试方法，下面以 定语从句的教学为例谈一下我的具体做法。

一、定语从句的概念及引导词

在（主从）复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

引导定语从句是关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that,as,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语；关系副词有where,when ,why,在从句中充当状语。

二、定语从句的基本类型

1、限定性定语从句

限定性定语从句一般紧挨先行词，主从复合句之间关系密切，不能用逗号隔开，通常译为一个句子。

e.g.Do you know the girl who is in red? I am the only person who was praised at the meeting.2、非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，主从复合句之间关系不很密切，一般可译为两个句子，如果将从句身省去，主句意思仍然清楚。

e.g.He is often late for school,which makes his teacher angry.Jack flew to Beijing yesterday,where a conference will be held.三、定语从句使用中的注意事项

1、which 与 that之区别

关系代词that既指人又指物，which只指物，指物时，两者有时可换用，有时则不能换用。

（1）指人或指物只能用 that 的情况 1)当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing„„不定代词时。

e.g.All that can be done has been done.The thief had to hand out everything that he had stolen to the policeman.2)先行词既指人又指物时

e.g.He spoken of the people and the things(that)he had seen abroad.3)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时

e.g.This is the most expensive meal(that)we have ever had.The first lesson that(that)I learned as a student of chemistry is still unforgettable.4)先行词被the very, the only, the last, any,every修饰时

e.g.This is the very book(that)I’m looking for.5）先行词是疑问词who,what,which时

Who that has such a home doesn’t love it.What that is on the table belongs to me.6)关系代词在从句中做表语时

e.g.China is no longer the country(that)it used to be.（2）只能用which的情况

1）定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时

e.g.She added too much salt to the soup, which spoiled soup.2)先行词在从句中做介词宾语且介词前置时

e.g.This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.2、as与which

(1)as和which都能引导非限定性从句代表整个句子的内容，as

引导的从句可为于句首、句中或句末，而which引导的定语从句却只能位于句末。

e.g.As is known to all ,China is a developing country.Jack, as is know ,is a film director.Crusoe went to the fire ,which is still smoking.(2)as含“正如„..那样”之意，而which则不含此意。

e.g.He didn’t give us a hand , as had been expected.(3)as在限定性定语从句中多与such, the same,连用，构成such„..as„, the same„.as„形式。

e.g.Such a film as you deseribed should not be shown at all.He told me the story as was told the other day.3、关系代词或关系副词之确定

是用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句，不是取决于先行词，而是看定语从句中需要什么成分，如果需要主语、宾语、表语、定语就用关系代词，如果需要状语就要用关系副词。

e.g.We visited the village which that is famous for its scenery yesterday.The day thatwhich we spent together on the island is pleasant.4、几种特殊形式的非限制性定语从句

（1）n.pron.num.+of+whomwhich e.g.The old couple have five children,three of whom are farmers.There are many apples in the basket,most of which are red ones.I bought a book yesterday ,the cover of which is well designed.(2)介词短语+whomwhich e.g.He lives in a village,in front of which flows a brook.There are 3 students in the picture,in the middle of whom is my brother.总之，在日常教学中，加强英语语法教学是非常必要的，对语法中的基础知识要求学生牢固掌握。

第四篇：浅谈高中英语定语从句的教学方法

浅谈高中英语定语从句的教学方法

摘 要：英语课堂上应由“以教师为主体”转变为“以学生为主体”，大胆让学生去思考，去创新，让学生学会自我归纳总结，学会运用所学知识解决生活中的实际问题，从而实现英语学习的真正意义。

关键词：高中英语；定语从句；课堂教学；方法

“定语从句”这一语法是高中英语的基本语法项目，也是非常重要的一个学习环节，是否能将这一语法学好，对学习整个高中语法起着至关重要的作用。

一、创设情境，激发学生学习兴趣

师：同学们，你们知道什么是定语吗？

生：修饰名词的词是定语。

师：很好，那么哪些词可以作定语呢？

生：形容词可作定语。

生：名词可作定语。

生：介词短语可以作定语。

生：分词可以作定语。

师：同学们说得非常好，以上大家说出的内容都是我们以前所学的可以作定语的内容，本节课我们来学习另外一种可以作定语的形式，即定语从句，它也可以作定语。下面请同学们想一想，什么是定语从句？

生：如果一个句子作定语，那么这个句子就叫作定语从句。

师：非常正确。定语从句相当于什么词性呢？

生：相当于形容词。

师：你们能举出含有形容词作定语的句子吗？

生：She is a beautiful girl.生：It is an interesting book.师：很好，现在请同学们把每一个句子分解成两个句子。

生：She is a girl.The girl is beautiful.生：It is a book.The book is interesting.师：不错，那么如何用其中的一个句子来修饰另一个句子中的一个名词，这就是我们这节课要研究的问题。

上述内容是本节课内容的“引课过程”，通过层层设问的方式，激发了学生求知的欲望，让学生根据已会的知识来逐步接近新的知识，笔者把新旧知识结合在一起，抓住新知的本质，尽可能使设计的问题呈逐步上升的趋势，提高学生思维的密度和效度，让学生有“够一够，摸得到”的成就感，从而促进学生主动思考的积极性，最终达到乐学善思的目的。

二、小组合作，学会归纳总结

在学习过程中，学生的学习不应该是被动地接受知识，而应该对所学的知识主动地选择、加工和处理，从而形成自己对新知识的一个认识、评价以及运用。因此，教师上课不能自问自答，应该让学生自己通过探讨、研究，最终得出结论。例如，定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词的选择是一个重点内容，也是难点。当先行词是“时间”的时候，学生就想到用“when”，当先行词是“地点”的时候，就会用“where”，尤其是当先行词是“reason”的时候，很多同学都会想到用“why”。笔者为了解决这个问题，先给同学们列出几组相对应的习题，把学生分成4组进行讨论。习题如下：

I still remember the day______I spent last summer.I still remember the day____I first came to Beijing.This is the house_______I lived in two years ago.This is the house_______I lived two years ago.The reason_______he explained is not true.We don’t know the reason_______he didn’t come.给学生时间讨论之后，笔者找出每组的代表到讲台前分别讲述本组的解题思路，每个同学都有自己独到的见解，后来笔者又让他们来推翻彼此的观点，这简直就像是一场小型的辩论会，全班同学都在一边思考问题，一边找证据反驳对方。经过一段时间后，结论自然而然的就在同学们的唇枪舌箭中见分晓了。最终的结论为：判断定语从句是使用关系代词还是关系副词，要先分析定语从句中缺什么成分，而后再看先行词，如果只用先行词来判断关系词就会出错。通过小组讨论，增强学生的合作意识；通过小组辩论，激发学生求真欲望；通过彼此纠错，达到共同提高的目的。

三、理论与实践相结合，学以致用

在现代课堂的教学中，教师要给学生营造出一个探讨的氛围，引导学生利用所学的知识去解决日常生活问题。尤其对英语这一学科而言，很多学生是为了考试这一目的而学习，失去了学习一门语言是为了更好地去应用这一重要意义。教师应该利用课堂发挥学生的主动性，让学生通过学习来切实解决生活中遇到的问题。笔者在“定语从句”这一课中和学生一起探究了学习定语从句的方法，真正意义上理解了这一语法意义。为了让学生更好地应用定语从句，笔者给同学们布置了任务，应用定语从句结合生活实际写一篇120字左右的短文。通过这个训练，一方面是让学生更好地理解本节课的知识，另一方面是让学生体会到学习是为了更好地生活。通过展示每个同学的短文，学生之间可以互相学习，交流经验，取长补短。

用以上的方法学习“定语从句”这个语法项目，学生感受到了学习的乐趣，真正参与到了英语课堂当中，并在实践中得以应用。这正体现了新课改后，要着重凸出以“学生为主体”的教学理念，让学生成为课堂的主人，让学生在教师的引导下去积极思考问题，寻找解决问题的办法。最终可实现学生学会自主学习的目标，形成自主学习的习惯，最终把英语当成是一种爱好，而不是一种负担。只有这样做，学生才能真正地感受到学习的快乐。

（责任编辑：符 洁）

第五篇：高中英语-定语从句讲解及练习

定语从句

定语从句及相关术语

1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3在定语从句中担当一个成分。

定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句．

２ 定语

（一）限定性定语从句

1.that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

2.which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

3.代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略

4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

5.where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

6.when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time“一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.8.当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导

There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.这里有人要和你说话。

（二）非限定性定语从句

非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

4.有时as也可用作关系代词

5.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.；

（三）关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.(2)Mr.Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend

3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5)The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

(6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

（四）注意

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时

从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine(that/which)you asked for.(4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5)We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom/that/who)we have often talked about.(6)We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T)

(2)This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)

2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose

(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)

(2)The man with that you talked is my friend.(F)

(3)The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(T)

(4)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)

3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

(1)He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.（五）关系副词引导的定语从句

1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear，(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3)Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.（六）判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）

（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（对）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

A.where B.that C.on which D.the one

例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?

A.where B.that C.on which D.the one答案：

例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；

先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。

（七）介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词“结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

This is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for which he came late.（八）先行词和关系词二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)

（九）as,which引导的非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例题

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he

答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it

答案B。

which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it

答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。

在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。

As 的用法例

1.the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。

I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is knew, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；

例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

（十）关系代词that 的用法

(1)不用that的情况

(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b)介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

(a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

(b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

(c)先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。

(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。

(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．

(g)为了避免重复．

(h)先行词是the way时

举例：

Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?

这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？

Who that break the window should be punished．

谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

（十一）难点分析

（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时

(1)Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?

(2)There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3)All that can be done has been done.(4)There is little that I can do for you.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4)Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.2.当先行词被序数词修饰

(1)The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1)This is the best film that I have seen.4.当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时

(1)This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy，(2)After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(3)Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？

5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1)Who is the man that is standing there?

(2)Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

(1)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：

1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

(1)He married her, as/which was natural.(2)He was honest, as/which we can see.2.as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

(1)As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2)He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3)John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4)He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which

(5)Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as

(1)I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2)He is not such a fool as he looks.(3)This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

(4)She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5)She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。

(1)The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

(1)There are very few but understand his idea.(but= who don’t)

(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句

1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；

同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系

(1)The plane that has just taken off is for London.定语从句

(2)The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位语从句

2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；

同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；

句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分

(1)The news he told me is true.(2)The news that he has just died is true.(3)The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.定语

(4)The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以

(1)The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.同位语

(2)The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3)The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4)The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.18.定语从句

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有： when, where, why等。

18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）

［定语从句］介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club？