学位英语4[精选]

第一篇：学位英语4[精选]

Part I : Cloze Television, it is often said, keeps one 1 about current events, allows one to follow the 2 developments in science and politics, and 3 an endless series of programs which are both 4 and stimulating.The most distant 5 and the strangest customs ate brought right 6 one’s sitting room.It could be argued that the radio performs this 7 just as well: but on television everything is much more living, much more 8.Yet here is a danger, The television screen itself has a terrible, almost physical fascination for us.We get 9 used to looking at its movements, so 10 on its flickering pictures, that it begins to 11 our lives.A friend of 12 told me the other day that his television set had broken 13 and that he and his family had suddenly found that they had far more time to do things, and that they had 14 begun to talk to each other again.It makes one think, 15 it!

There are many other arguments for and against television.The poor 16 of its programs is often criticized.But it is undoubtedly a great comfort to many 17 elderly people.And does it corrupt or instruct our children? I think we must realize that television 18 is neither good nor bad, It is the uses 19 which it is put that determine its 20 to society.1.A.informative

B.informed

C.knowing

D.familiar 2.A.latter

B.late

C.latest

D.later 3.A.offers

B.awards

C.rewards

D.avails 4.A.teaching

B.instructive

C.constructive D.illuminating 5.A.nations

B.powers

C.states

D.countries 6.A.up to

B.into

C.down

D.inside 7.A.business

B.aid

C.service

D.duty 8.A.true

B.vivid

C.actual

D.real 9.A.quite

B.much

C.so

D.rather 10.A.dependable

B.dependent

C.reliable

D.relying 11.A.dominate

B.master

C.rule

D.ruin 12.A.me

B.my

C.mine

D.I 13.A.down

B.up

C.off

D.out 14.A.truly

B.actually

C.genuinely

D.really 15.A.does

B.doesn’t

C.isn’t

D.is 16.A.quantity

B.quality

C.character

D.grade 17.A.lonely

B.alone

C.single

D.solitary 18.A.by itself

B.of itself

C.in itself

D.itself 19.A.into

B.to

C.on

D.toward 20.A.price

B.worth

C.merit

D.value 1.B informative 提供资料的，了解的； 据说电视可以让人了解当前的形势情况，…； inform 通知，向…报告，了解； familiar 熟悉的，冒昧的。

2.C latter 后者； latest 最近的，最新的； 与前面一句为并列句，意为“可以使人跟得上最新的科学和政治发展。”根据这句话的意思，我们知道应该用latest。

3.A offer 提供； award 给…颁奖；reward 回报，报答；avail 有益于； 这句与前面的句子依然是并列句，这道题我们根据语意很容易选出应该是Ａ，意思是：电视还可以给观众提供无数的电视节目。

4.Ｂ

instructive 有教育意义的； constructive 建造的，建设的； illuminating 启示性的，启发的。这个很显然是Ｂ，意思是说电视节目既有教育意义又有娱乐功能。5.D

遥远国家的最古怪的风俗习惯被呈现出来，Ｄ项意义最符合。

6.B

这些电视节目在客厅里被呈现出来，故划线处要求填写的介词应该为into，意味把这些电视节目给你带到客厅里来.7.C

也许有人会说，收音机也可以提供这样的服务。根据文章，这些节目是为人服务的，可以得到正确选项Ｃ，另外，就看选项意思排除法也可以得出可用service，相对来说这道题很容易得分。8.B

true 真的，真实的； vivid 鲜艳的，生动的； actual 实际的； real真的；

但是在电视上看一切都显得很生动，这说出了电视与收音机的区别。根据选择项意思与上下文可知Ｂ正确。9.C 如果做不出来，往后看，并列的一句也是so开头的，后面还有that引导的一句话（so…that… 如此…以至于…），显然那么我们把意思下理顺可知Ｃ正确。

10.B 选项Ｂdependent后面跟介词on，dependent on 意思是“依靠，依赖”；大意是说，我们如此依赖电视那些连续运动的闪烁画面，以至于它开始控制我们的生活。

11.A dominate 控制，掌控；master 掌握； rule 规定； ruin毁了；根据上一句也推出，对电视太依赖了以至于生活中离不开它，从某意义上说它控制了我们的生活。

12.C

a friend of mine 我的一个朋友；mine为名词性物主代词，意思是“我的”，在这里它相当于 my friends；而my是一个形容词性物主代词。13.A 他的电视机坏了…，机器了用break down.14.B 电视坏了之后他和他家里人突然发现有好多事情要该做，并且事实上他们又可以再相互交流了。根据句意可知用B，actually.15.B 反意疑问句，一般现在式，显然选B。

16.B quantity 数量； quality 质量； character 性格； grade 年级，分数；这句话是说：对于电视有不少人持赞成或者反对的态度。电视节目的什么不好常遭到批评呢？看选项，显然用quality 质量。17.A 但是毫无疑问地，这对于上了年纪的孤独的（lonely,注意这个词是形容词词性，所修饰词是老人：elderly people）老人来说是一种极大的慰藉。另外，alone（这个单词只作表语）单独的； single 单个的； solitary 唯一的；这个题既考查了词意又考查了词性掌握程度。

18.D television itself 电视自身；这句许是说，电视自身它既有好的一面，又有坏的一面，也就是正负作用兼有之。

19.B put sth to use 开始启用…；故B正确。

20.D price 价格； worth 值得…的； merit 长处，优点，功过； value 价值，重要性，益处；根据语意可知这里要说的是电视的社会价值，故用value。

（二）If you have a telephone in your own house you will admit that it 21 to ring when you least want it to ring-when you are asleep, or 22 a meal or a conversation, or when you are 23 going out, or when you are 24 your bath.Are you strong minded 25 to ignore(不理)it , to say to yourself, “Ah, well, it will all be the same in 26 time?” You are not.You think there 27 some important news or message 28 you.Have you never rushed 29 from the bath, or chewing from the table or dazed from the bed, 30 that you are a wrong 31 ? You were told the truth.32 all telephone numbers are wrong numbers.If, of course, your telephone rings and you decide 33 it, then you will have to listen to an idiotic bell ringing and ringing in 34 is supposed to be the 35 of your own house.You 36 buy a bicycle bell and ring it yourself.Suppose you 37 the telephone when it rings, and suppose that, for once, somebody has an important message for you.I can 38 you that if a message is really important it will 39 you sooner or later.Think of the proverb: “Ill news travels apace.” I must say good news seems to travel 40 fast.21.A.likely

B.tends

C.inclined

D.tries 22.A.in the middle of B.among

C.eating

D.carrying on 23.A.about

B.on the point C.just

D.even 24.A.for

B.on

C.at

D.in 25.A.only

B.enough

C.sufficient

D.just 26.A.a hundred years’

B.a hundred year’s

C.a hundred year

D.a hundred years 27.A.should be

B.may be

C.ought to be

D.has to be 28.A.waiting

B.to

C.for

D.about 29.A.dripped

B.dripping

C.having dripped D.being dripped 30.A.only to tell

B.only to be told

C.just to tell

D.simply to be told

31.A.number

B.person

C.mistake

D.fool 32.A.Accordingly

B.In my opinion

C.As for me

D.Generally speaking 33.A.to not answer

B.to answer not

C.not to answer

D.to answer no 34.A.there

B.what

C.that

D.where 35.A.privacy

B.exclusiveness C.individual

D.quiet 36.A.ought to

B.might as well

C.just well

D.can well 37.A.neglect

B.don’t mind C.disregard

D.ignore 38.A.assure

B.promise

C.ensure

D.trust 39.A.attain

B.reach

C.arrive

D.make for 40.A.quite

B.the same C.just as

D.just to

21.B A是“可能”的意思；tend 有…倾向，容易…，后面接to；try 努力，试图”；inclined有…倾向，通常用法是to be inclined，根据这句话的意思（如果你家有电话，你就会承认它总是在你最不想要它响的时候响，这种情况发生在你睡觉，吃饭或者谈话的时候，或者你刚要出门的时候，或者在你洗澡的时候。）可知B项正确。

22.A in the middle of 在…之间； among在…之间，用在复数当中； carry on 执行，进行； 在一顿饭或一次谈话中间，显然用in the middle of a meal or a conversation.23.C about的常用形式：be about to do…，打算…，准备…（注意它后面跟不定式，这个就不会错选了）； just 刚刚,正好，适合文章的意思，为正确答案。

24.D in one’s bath 在某人洗澡的时候（过程中）；考查介词搭配问题。

25.B 文章意思说：你能意志强到这份儿上，电话响了却不理会它，还对自言自语说“唉，没有办法，一百年都是这样。” enough 一般只放在所修饰词的后面； only 仅仅，只有； sufficient是足够的、充足的意思，放在所修饰的词前面；所以显然Ｂ正确。

26.A 词尾加’s，表示“…的”这样的所有关系时，如果这个单词本身以s结尾，那么’后面的s就省略不写。一百年显然是复数形式，“年”用years，a hundred years’表示一百年的…。

27.B 文章说：你做不到不去理会电话，因为你可能会想到会不会有些什么重要的新闻或是消息要告诉你。另外： should be应当； may be 可能； ought to be 应当； has to be 不得不；显然用may be.28.C message for you 是（打电话）给你的消息，不要理解为是关于你的消息。

29.B 看下一行有线索，or chewing from the table or dazed from the bed…，这是并列句，时态保持一致。故这里用dripping ,现在分词做伴随状语。这句意思是说你会不会身上的水还滴着或是嘴里还嚼着饭就从浴室或饭桌上匆忙出来。

30.B 结果你接过电话，被告知他是打错电话了。句子是表示被动，A，C是主动的形式，simple是仅仅的意思，B表示被动only在这里表示结果怎么样。

31.A you are a wrong number 你拨错号了，或你打错电话了；故Ａ正确。

32.B 在我看来，所有的电话都是错误的电话。表明作者的观点和立场。A是“于是，因此”的意思； C是“对我来说”的意思； D是“一般的说来”的意思。观点题，用作者的视角看这个现象。

33.C 下面表示转折，当然你可以决定不接电话，如果是这样你的电话就会不停的响，不得不听电话像傻瓜似的无休止的的响下去。这题表示否定，注意用法，decide(not)to do sth 决定（不）做某事。34.B 接着说明了电话在什么地方不停的响，用in what引导正确。注意：后面的定语从句少主语，并且显然介词后面不能用wherethere。

35.A privacy个人，隐私； exclusiveness 隔绝、排外的意思； individual 个人的； quiet 安静的； in the ____ of your own house,在你自己的房子里面，这里显然应该需要用名词，故只可能用privacy。36.B 你倒不如买个自行车铃让它不停的响！might as well 还不如、倒不如。

37.D neglect 忽视，忽略，疏忽（不是主观意识上成心这样做的）； don’t mind 不介意，不在乎； disregard 不管，不顾； ignore 不顾，不理，忽视（含有思想上故意这样做的意味）； 通过分析意思，我们知道用ignore最好。假设电话响的时候你故意不去接，再假如，有一次还真是有人给你有重要的事情要说呢。

38.A assure 使确信，向…保证； promise 承诺； ensure 确保，赋予； trust 信任；I can assure … 我敢说…，我打保票…。

39.B attain 完成，获得； reach 到达，伸手够到…； arrive at 到达； make for 走向，向…前进，冲向；这句话是说，我敢说这个消息要是真的重要的话，它迟早要传到你这儿。

40.C 想想那句谚语：“（好事不出门），坏事传千里”。just as 正像，正当…的时候，与…一样.语法与词汇模拟题

1.The teacher’s lecture on American history was three hours long, and Mary felt very _____.A.upset

B.bored

C.disturbed

D.neglected 2.Her mind was so _____ by the disease that she could not remember what she had done.A.acted

B.influenced

C.effected

D.affected 3.Every boy and girl _____ not to swim in the lake, for it is polluted.A.has been warned

B.have been warned

C.has warned

D.have warned 4.She heard a terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it

B.this

C.which

D.that

5.Why can’t you do this small _____ for me? I’ve helped you often enough in the past.A.command B.demand

C.effort

D.favor 6._____ he often forgot their wedding anniversary greatly annoyed his wife.A.All

B.What

C.Which

D.That 7.You screamed in your sleep last night.You _____ a terrible dream.A.must have had

B.must have

C.must had had

D.must have been 8.However much _____, it will be worth the money.A.the dictionary costs

B.costs the dictionary

C.the dictionary will cost

D.does the dictionary cost 9.I don’t care _____ or not she will apologize to me.A.if

B.whether

C.what

D.which 10.One of my brother’s many faults is that he never _____ anything very long.A.decides on

B.sticks to

C.goes over

D.makes up

11.The departure of the train will be _____ for half an hour.A.cancelled B.delayed

C.postponed

D.set off 12.But for his sister’s help, I _____ the work.A.did not finish

B.will not finish

C.could not finish

D.would not have finished 13.Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained _____ into account before starting a new project.A.be taken

B.should take

C.would be taken

D.have to be taken 14.Sixty per cent of television viewers chose her as their _____ actress.A.fortunate

B.preferred

C.favourite

D.preferable 15.Judges must be independent _____ political pressure.A.to

B.of

C.under

D.on

16.I looked everywhere for some cooking oil, but I could only find ____.A.a little

B.little

C.a few

D.few 17.Al’s doctor insists _____ for a few days.A.that he is resting

B.him to rest

C.his resting

D.that he rest 18.There wasn’t much snow last winter so people couldn’t go ____ except in the mountains.A.skiing

B.skied

C.to ski

D.having skied 19.You’ve got to be on top _____ to do well in a competition like that.A.condition B.form

C.shape

D.training 20.Your behavior was shocking.You should be ashamed _____ yourself.A.of

B.at

C.to

D.on 21.I suppose you couldn’t let me borrow your car this evening, _____?

A.couldn’t I

B.don’t I

C.could you

D.will you

22._____ five hundred people are believed to have drowned.A.As many as

B.As much as

C.So many as

D.So much as 23.I chose a small room with the window _____ the street.A.faces

B.faced

C.facing

D.to face 24._____ the rain we would have had a nice holiday.A.But that

B.Despite

C.But for

D.In spite of 25.“It’s too bad Rhonda is moving to Arizona.”

“I wish it _____ so far away.”

A.weren’t

B.couldn’t be

C.won’t be

D.isn’t 26._____ I don’t like are the long, dark nights of winter.A.That

B.What

C.Which

D.This 27.The receptions, _____ job was to answer the phone, had laryngitis(喉炎).A.whose

B.who

C.who’s

D.that 28.The suggestions put forward by the workers to improve their working conditions were _____ by the factory owner.A.turned away

B.turned down

C.turned over

D.turned through 29.With apples at 25 cents a pound, we couldn’t resist _____ four pounds.A.to take

B.took

C.taking

D.have taken 30.Well-mannered children have usually been properly _____ by their parents.A.raised up

B.borne up

C.brought up

D.got up

31.Tom’s father, as well as his mother, _____ in New York for a few days more.A.asks him to stay

B.asks he stays

C.ask he to stay

D.asks he would stay 32.If we had known that she had planned to go abroad today, we _____ at the airport.A.will see her off

B.would have seen her off

C.would see her off

D.must have seen her off 33.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _____obtaining water is not the least.A.of which

B.for what

C.as

D.whose 34.He burned all the important papers _____ that should fall into enemy’s hands.A.unless

B.so

C.lest of

D.for fear 35.Literature and art have a great influence _____ people’s ideology.A.to

B.on

C.for

D.onto

1.B

关于美国历史，这个教师讲了有三个小时长，这让Mary 感到非常讨厌。upset 难过的，不安的； bored 令（人）厌烦； disturbed 打扰，扰乱，弄乱；

neglected 忽视，忽略。2.D influenced（正面的）影响； effected（正面的）影响； affected（坏的）影响； 3.A

每个男孩儿和女孩儿被警示不准去那个湖里游泳，因为这个湖被污染了。以every开头，谓语动词用单数。

4.C

她听到一阵可怕的声音，这让她心都提到噪子眼儿了。这是一个非限制性定语从句，定的是前面的一句话，这种情况下用which来引导。

5.D to do a favour for sb 或to do sb a favour 帮某人个忙； 句子中do this small favour for me 意思是： 帮我一个小忙。

6.D

这是一个头重脚轻的主语从句，wedding anniversary 结婚纪念日。7.A

你一定是做了个恶梦了，用完成时态。

8.A

这道题考时态，考语序，However much the dictionary costs：不管这本词典花多少钱。9.B

我并不在意她是否给我道歉；whether or not “是否”，固定搭配用法。10.B stick to 坚持；我弟弟的缺点之一就是什么事儿都不能坚持太久。

11.B cancel 取消，撤消； set off 出发，动身； postpone 延迟，推迟； delayed 延迟，耽误。12.D

当时要不是他姐姐的帮助，我就不能完成那项工作。

13.A

选项A中的should省略，这句话是说：在开始一个新的项目之前，应考虑把重点放在将要实现的所有目标的必要性上。

14.C favourite 受欢迎的，这句话的意思是：百分之六十的观众选择她为最受欢迎的演员。15.B 法官一定不能受政治压力的影响； be independent of 不受…影响。

16.A cooking oil 是不可数名词，另外根据境可知：这个句子又表示肯定的含义，（若选C则表示否定含义，即一点也没有找到）所以选择A选项。

17.D Al 的医生坚持要他休息了些日子； insist 后面用虚拟语气，should可省略。

18.A go skiing 去划雪；

类似的还有： go shopping 去购物； go swimming 去游泳； go boating 去划船。

19.B 固定搭配用法：to be on top form 处于最佳状态。

20.A 你的行为令人感到震惊，你应当为此感到羞愧；

be ashamed of … 为…感到羞愧。21.C suppose 后面的从句中为否定式couldn’t，而主句为肯定式，这是否定后移的用法，后面的反意疑问句要根据从句而定，故反意疑问句用肯定式could you。

22.A 首先B、D不对，因为much后面修饰不可数名词； as many as 与…一样多，后面可以接具体的数字；而C项不正确，因为：so many as 如此众多的，后面不能出现具体的数字； drown 淹死；

23.C 我选了一个窗户对着街道的小房间。现在分词短语做定语，主动含义。24.C but for… 要不是因为…；介词短语代替条件从句的用法。25.A wish后面接虚拟语气的用法。

26.B what引导的名词性从句，这句话的意思是：我所不喜欢的是冬季那漫长而黑暗的夜晚。27.A reception 接待员，接待，招待会，接受； 这是一个非限制性定语从句，whose job was 其工作是…。这句话是说：那个接待员，其工作是接电话，他得了喉炎。

28.B turn down 拒绝； turn away 打发走； turn over 把…弄翻了； D项错误，没有这种形式。29.C resist doing … 禁不住…；看到苹果25分一磅，我们禁不住买了四磅。

30.C bring up 养育； Well-mannered children 行为举止良好的孩子，有教养的孩子。有教养的孩子往往都是家长培养教育的结果。没有A项这种用法，因为raise是及物动词，后面不能跟介词； borne up 坚强，毫不气馁。

31.A as well as his mother, 不影响谓语动词的使用，主语是Tom’s father，另外ask sb to do sth 要求(请)某人做某事，这句话是说：汤姆的爸爸，还有她的妈妈，要他在纽约再待一段时间。

32.B 如果我们知道她计划今天出国，我们一定去机场给她送行了。前面的虚拟条件句是对过去情况的一种假设，谓语用过去完成时态，故主句用would have done 这种形式。

33.A 这是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代的是前面的problems, of which… 在…当中； 34.D for fear that 以免，担心；他烧掉了所有重要的资料，以免落入敌人的手掌。

35.B have a great influence on … 对…有很大的影响，这句话是说：文学和艺术对人们影响很大。

第二篇：学位英语复习资料

学位英语复习资料

•学位英语词汇练习10题

1.The telegram was based on information from a _________ source.A.recent

B.reliable

C.rare

D.private 2.Mr.Wilson said that he did not want to __________ any further responsibilities.A.take on

B.bring on

C.get on

D.carry on 3.We were __________ for half an hour in the traffic and so we arrived late.A.held up

B.put back

C.broken down

D.taken down 4.We develop trade with that company for our shared _________.A.honour

B.reward

C.benefit

D.prize 5.It is a very popular play, and it would be wise to ________ seats well in advance.A.engage

B.book

C.isolate

D.occupy 6.Apples are ________ in summer and cost a lot.A.rare

B.scarce

C.common

D.unusual 7.I took the medicine, but it didn’t have any _________ on me.A.effect

B.relation

C.touch

D.affect 8.Rapid reading means reading something fast just to __________ the general idea.A.master

B.seize

C.grasp

D.imagine 9.They build strong walls round the town as a __________ against the enemy.A.defense

B.defend

C.defeat

D.depend 10.Who ___________ the workers to take up the struggle? A.called for

B.called in

C.called on

D.called off

练习答案：1-10

BAACB

AACAC

•学位英语语法与词汇部分模拟题

1.The teacher’s lecture on American history was three hours long, and Mary felt very _____.A.upset

B.bored

C.disturbed

D.neglected 2.Her mind was so _____ by the disease that she could not remember what she had done.A.acted

B.influenced

C.effected

D.affected 3.Every boy and girl _____ not to swim in the lake, for it is polluted.A.has been warned

B.have been warned

C.has warned

D.have warned 4.She heard a terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it

B.this

C.which

D.that

5.Why can’t you do this small _____ for me? I’ve helped you often enough in the past.A.command

B.demand

C.effort

D.favor 6._____ he often forgot their wedding anniversary greatly annoyed his wife.A.All

B.What

C.Which

D.That 7.You screamed in your sleep last night.You _____ a terrible dream.A.must have had

B.must have

C.must had had

D.must have been 8.However much _____, it will be worth the money.A.the dictionary costs

B.costs the dictionary

C.the dictionary will cost

D.does the dictionary cost 9.I don’t care _____ or not she will apologize to me.A.if

B.whether

C.what

D.which 10.One of my brother’s many faults is that he never _____ anything very long.A.decides on

B.sticks to

C.goes over

D.makes up

11.The departure of the train will be _____ for half an hour.A.cancelled B.delayed

C.postponed

D.set off 12.But for his sister’s help, I _____ the work.A.did not finish

B.will not finish

C.could not finish

D.would not have finished 13.Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained _____ into account before starting a new project.A.be taken

B.should take C.would be taken

D.have to be taken 14.Sixty per cent of television viewers chose her as their _____ actress.A.fortunate

B.preferred

C.favourite

D.preferable 15.Judges must be independent _____ political pressure.A.to

B.of

C.under

D.on

16.I looked everywhere for some cooking oil, but I could only find ____.A.a little

B.little

C.a few

D.few 17.Al’s doctor insists _____ for a few days.A.that he is resting

B.him to rest

C.his resting

D.that he rest 18.There wasn’t much snow last winter so people couldn’t go ____ except in the mountains.A.skiing

B.skied

C.to ski

D.having skied 19.You’ve got to be on top _____ to do well in a competition like that.A.condition B.form

C.shape

D.training 20.Your behavior was shocking.You should be ashamed _____ yourself.A.of

B.at

C.to

D.on 21.I suppose you couldn’t let me borrow your car this evening, _____?

A.couldn’t I

B.don’t I

C.could you

D.will you

22._____ five hundred people are believed to have drowned.A.As many as

B.As much as

C.So many as

D.So much as 23.I chose a small room with the window _____ the street.A.faces

B.faced

C.facing

D.to face 24._____ the rain we would have had a nice holiday.A.But that

B.Despite

C.But for

D.In spite of

1.B

关于美国历史，这个教师讲了有三个小时长，这让Mary 感到非常讨厌。upset 难过的，不安的； bored 令（人）

16.A

cooking oil 是不可数名词，另外根据境可知：这个句子又表示肯定的含义，（若选C则表示否定含义，即一点也没有找到）所以选择A选项。

17.D Al 的医生坚持要他休息了些日子； insist 后面用虚拟语气，should可省略。

18.A

go skiing 去划雪；

类似的还有： go shopping 去购物； go swimming 去游泳； go boating 去划船。

19.B 固定搭配用法：to be on top form 处于最佳状态。

20.A

你的行为令人感到震惊，你应当为此感到羞愧；

be ashamed of … 为…感到羞愧。

21.C suppose 后面的从句中为否定式couldn’t，而主句为肯定式，这是否定后移的用法，后面的反意疑问句要根据从句而定，故反意疑问句用肯定式could you。

22.A

首先B、D不对，因为much后面修饰不可数名词； as many as 与…一样多，后面可以接具体的数字；而C项不正确，因为：so many as 如此众多的，后面不能出现具体的数字； drown 淹死；

23.C 我选了一个窗户对着街道的小房间。现在分词短语做定语，主动含义。24.C but for… 要不是因为…；介词短语代替条件从句的用法。25.A

wish后面接虚拟语气的用法。

26.B what引导的名词性从句，这句话的意思是：我所不喜欢的是冬季那漫长而黑暗的夜晚。

27.A

reception 接待员，接待，招待会，接受； 这是一个非限制性定语从句，whose job was 其工作是…。这句话是说：那个接待员，其工作是接电话，他得了喉炎。

28.B turn down 拒绝； turn away 打发走； turn over 把…弄翻了； D项错误，没有这种形式。29.C resist doing … 禁不住…；看到苹果25分一磅，我们禁不住买了四磅。

30.C bring up 养育； Well-mannered children 行为举止良好的孩子，有教养的孩子。有教养的孩子往往都是家长培养教育的结果。没有A项这种用法，因为raise是及物动词，后面不能跟介词； borne up 坚强，毫不气馁。

31.A

as well as his mother, 不影响谓语动词的使用，主语是Tom’s father，另外ask sb to do sth 要求(请)某人做某事，这句话是说：汤姆的爸爸，还有她的妈妈，要他在纽约再待一段时间。

32.B 如果我们知道她计划今天出国，我们一定去机场给她送行了。前面的虚拟条件句是对过去情况的一种假设，谓语用过去完成时态，故主句用would have done 这种形式。

33.A

这是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代的是前面的problems, of which… 在…当中； 34.D for fear that 以免，担心；他烧掉了所有重要的资料，以免落入敌人的手掌。

35.B have a great influence on … 对…有很大的影响，这句话是说：文学和艺术对人们影响很大。

•学位英语英译汉模拟试题

1.In the early fifties, only eight or nine out of a hundred young men changed their jobs within the first three years with a company.在五十年代初期，有百分之八九的年轻人在一家公司工作三年后往往会跳槽。

2.Since most jobs take only a year and a half to master, in order to continue learning, they have to make a job change.由于大多数工作只需花一年多就可以掌握，为了继续学习，他们就会调换工作。

3.They have worked for a few years as technical specialists and quickly moved into higher management positions.作为技术专家，他们在工作了几年之后会更快地跳到更高的管理岗位。4.Sociologists are interested in how a society began and how it grew.社会学家们对于一个社会是怎样形成与怎样发展起来的很感趣。

5.A Frenchman named Auguste Comte made sociology a separate science in the 1830s.1830年，一个叫Auguste Comte的法人使社会学成为一门独立的学科。6.The method of capital punishment varies from nation to nation.执行死刑的方法因国家而各不相同。

7.The new device was named after the man who spoke out in favor of it.有个人大胆提议用这种新装置，后来这种刑具就以那个人的名字命名。

customers.购物中心舒适而且方便，这是超市受人欢迎的另外一个原因。

29.Most of the ill health we suffer could be prevented if people made more effort to change their life styles.如果人们努力去改变生活方式，就能远离大多数的疾病。

30.Similarly all advertising of alcohol should be banned and compensation paid to families of alcoholics who die of the liver disease.同样所有的酒类广告都应当被禁止，对于那些因喝酒导致生病，最终死亡的人应当赔偿。

31.Although mother’s day is a relatively new holiday in America, more and more other countries are also setting aside a day to honor their mothers.在美国，尽管母亲节时间夏天对来讲并不长，但世界上越来越多的国家都开始规定某一天为母亲节，来表达对他们母亲的敬意。

32.No longer was she so gentle, so relaxed and easy-going.她再也不像以前那样温柔，随和，好说话了。

33.Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time.一些人们认为他应该也能在同一时间把问题处理好。34.Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning.有时候人们说的话言不由衷。

35.The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.（当你）仔细斟酌别人对你所说的话的时候，可以使你避免再犯错误。

36.Contrary to popular belief, colds are not caused by exposure to severe weather.和人们的普遍想法相反，感冒并非恶劣的气候造成。37.The custom can be traced back to the roman era.付小费这种习俗这种风俗可以追溯到古罗马时代。

38.A more common belief is tips were first given in the 18th century England.付小费这种习俗源于18世纪的英国。

39.In America and Europe it is customary to tip anywhere from 10% to 20%.在美国和欧洲，人们普遍的做法是以消费金额的百分之十到百分之二十来付小费的。40.Today most people decide the size of tip according to the quality of the service.现在，人们付小费的数量取决于享受的服务质量。

41.People who usually cannot afford it are the biggest tippers in front of their friends.往往是那些付不起大额小费的人在朋友面前付小费最大方。

42.Many analysts suggest that this added pressure disproportionately touches the women, who already carry major responsibility for their own children.许多分析家认为，对于那些已经承担了繁重的养儿育女责任的妇女们来说，这无疑是雪上加霜。

43.Perhaps the most important issue that emerges from the social trends just described is the impact of family instability and single parenting on children.也许上述社会倾向所产生的最重要的问题是家庭的不稳定性及单亲家庭对儿童的影响。

44.When this happens, the government should decrease the salaries of the workers by raising taxes.当这种情况发生时，政府应该通过增税来减少工人的工资。

45.While this might appear to be a positive step, it is actually regressive.尽管这样做表面上看是一种积极的措施，可实际上却是消极的。

46.While this law is not without humor by today’s standards, it clearly shows an awareness of the problem in times gone by.尽管这个法律按当今的标准来看是很滑稽的，但它却表明很久以前人们就已经估计到这一点了。

47.the motives for suicide can be categorized into areas such as failure, wrath(暴怒), the need for attention, stress, and so on.7-

第三篇：2011学位英语复习资料

一般现在时

1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点离开家。

2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：

The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。

3)表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：

I don't want so much.我不要那么多。exam8.com

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。

二、一般过去时

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago，the other day, in 1982等。例如：

Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?

2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。

3)句型：It is time for sb.to do sth

“到……时间了”

“该……了”

例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。

It is time that sb.did sth.“时间已迟了”

“早该……了”

例如It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。

would(had)rather sb.did sth.表示'宁愿某人做某事'。

例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

三、一般将来时

1)shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：

Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?

2)be going to +不定式，表示将来。

a.主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow?

b.计划，安排要发生的事。exam8.com

例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c.有迹象要发生的事。

例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。

3)be +to表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4)be about to +动词原形，意为马上做某事。例如：

He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。

注意：

1、一般现在时表示将来

1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin，return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

2)在时间或条件句中。例如：

When Bill comes(不是will come), ask him to wait for me.比尔来后，让他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就写信给你。

2、用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave等现在进行时可以表示将来：

I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。

四、现在进行时

a.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如：

We are waiting for you.我们正在等你。

b.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：

Mr.Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)

c.表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：

The leaves are turning red.叶子在变红。

It's getting warmer and warmer.天越来越热了。

d.与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：

You are always changing your mind.你老是改变主意。

五、过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：

I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。

They were expecting you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等待。

难点释疑：

when作并列连词，表示“(这时)突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：.I was taking a walk when I met him.我正在散步，突然遇见了他。

We were playing outside when it began to rain.我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。

六、将来进行时

1)表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。例如：

She'll be coming soon.她会很快来的。

I'll be meeting him sometime in the future.将来我一定去见他。

2)常用的时间状语有soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this

time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。例如：By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.明天此时，我正躺在海滩上呢。

注意：“主将从现原则”，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时(代替一般将来时)

When, as soon as, if,等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：

He is going to visit her aunt t when he arrives in Beijing.他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。

七、现在完成时

a.现在完成时可表示过去发生的动作对现在所产生的影响，后面通常不用时间状语，但句中常出现already, just,yet等副词。如：

Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。

I’ve just finished reading the novel.我刚刚读完这本小说。

Have you seen the doctor yet?你看过医生了吗?

注：already和yet用法上的区别

already常用于肯定句，置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，常用于句末。但already有时也可用语疑问句中暗示惊讶的心情。如：

b.现在完成时也可表示从过去某时开始的动作，状态一直持续到现在，常和for, since引导的时间状语连用。

如： I have learned English for 5 years.He has lived in Beijing since he was born.注：

(1)for和since引导的时间状语的区别: for + 一段时间, since + 一点时间从句(从句中常用一般过去时)。

(2)表示继续的现在完成时也可和lately, recently, so far, up to now, till now, in the past(last)few years……, this week(month, year……), all day, all this week等时间状语连用。

如：Tom has had a toothache all day.I haven’t heard from him recently.(3)现在完成时也可表示从过去到现在曾经经历过或做过的事情，常和often, ever, never, before, once,…times等时间状语连用。如：.I’ve never been to Beijing.我从没去过北京。He has read this book before.难点释疑：

1.点动词与延续性动词的区别.所谓点动词是指含有终止或短暂意义的动词。如：begin, end, die, buy, borrow, come, arrive，join, marry等动词。它们通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

I have bought a book.我买了一本书。.I’ve had this book for three weeks.这本书我已经买了三星期了。

2.have got的含义.have got形式上是现在完成时，却和have是同一个意思

She has got a slight temperature.She has a slight

temperature.她有点发烧。

3、用于现在完成时的句型

It is the first / second time....that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：

It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次访问这城市。

This is the first time(that)I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。

八、过去完成时

(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。如：

By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。

(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。例如：

I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。

He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。

(3)叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。例如：

Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。

I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。

(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：

I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。

She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。

(5)过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如：.He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。

I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。

(6)在包含有when, until等连词的复合句中，例如：

When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。

She didn’t go to bed until she had finished he work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。

(7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。例如：

They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。

We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我们本来希望能来看看你。

(8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first(second, etc)time(that)…等固定句型中。例如：.Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。

九、将来完成时

a.状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：

They will have been married for 20 years by then.到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。

b.动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：You will have reached

Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天此时，你已经到达上海了 一语法重点串讲

语法是三级英语统考的一个重点，它将体现在所有五个题型中，但重点将集中在以下几个方面。

1、时态：常用的10—11种

2、语态：被动语态

3、情态动词

4、虚拟语气

5、动词的非谓语形式三种

6、各种从句（主、宾、表、定、状、同位语从句）

7、主谓一致

8、倒装句

9、强调句

10、附加疑问句 第一章 语法重点串讲

第一节 动词的时态

考试重点：一般现在时（if 从句和as soon as 从句）；进行时表将来；现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别；完成时瞬间动词以及have（has）been, have（has）gone的区别；过去完成时的时间状语；将来完成时。

一、一般现在式：

1、表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态：常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等时间状语连用。

例：He goes to work every day.他每天去上班。

2、表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。

例：The earth is round.地球是圆的。

3、有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。

例：I don’t think you are right.我以为你错了。

4、在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作：常用的连词有as soon as，when，till，if。

（1）They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ________their exams.A.have finished

B.finish

C.finished

D.was finishing

（答案：B）（1996年22题）

（2）When the mixture ______, it will give off a powerful force.A.will heat

B.will be heated

C.is heated

D.has heated

（答案：C）（1992年59题）

二、一般过去时：

1、表示过去的动作或状态：常和过去时间状语连用。just now, last year, when I was 8years old等。

例：You've already missed too many classes this term.You _____ two classes just last week.A.missed

B.would miss

C.had missed

D.have missed

（答案：A。有具体的时间状语要用过去时。）（1995年59题）

2、used to do sth：过去常常做…

例：I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。（意味着现在不在早晨散步了。）

3、it is high time（that）…句型中，谓语动词用过去时。

例：Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?

A.give up

B.gave up

C.would give up

D.should give up

（答案：B）（1999年31题）三、一般将来时

1、will（shall）+原形动词：表示将来的动作或状态。

例：He will come and help you.他会来帮助你的。

2、be going to +动词原形：表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。

例：Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去听这个演讲吗？

3、be to +动词原形： 表示安排或计划好了的动作。

例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.三环路将在国庆节前通车。

4、be about to +动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。

5、例：The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始。

6、某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如：go ,come, start, arrive，leave 等的现在进行时可表示将来。

（1）We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我们明天动身去北京。

（2）The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight.外宾今晚到达济南。

四、过去将来时

表示在过去预计将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句。

例：He wanted to know when the conference would start.他想知道会议何时开始。

五、现在进行时

1、表示此时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作。

例：The teacher is talking with his students.这位老师正在同他的学生交谈。

2、表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。

例：I am attending a conference in Beijing.我正在北京参加一个会议。

六、过去进行时

1、表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。

例：He was doing his homework from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点他正在做作业。

2、when 和while 的用法

（1）I fell and hurt myself while I _____tennis.A.was playing B.am playing C.play D.played

（答案：A。连接词when 表示时间上的点，其所引导的句子用过去时，while 表示持续的一段时间，其所引导的句子用过去进行时。）（1998年43题）

（2）When you _____ this over with her, you should not see her any more.A.talk B.talked C.will talk D.talking

（答案为B）（1999年35题）

（3）One of the guards _____ when the general came in, which made him very angry.A.has slept B.were sleeping C, slept D.was sleeping

（答案为D）（1996年23题）

3、过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。

例：He went to see Xiao Li.He was leaving early the next morning.他去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。

七、现在完成时

1、表示动作刚刚结束（常和just, now, already, yet等词连用）；或表示动作的结果（一般不用时间状语）。

（1）Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯已经关上了）

（2）I have lost my pen.我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没有找到这支笔。）

2、表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，并且可能会继续延续下去（常用since引导的短语或从句，或由for 引导的短语连用）。

（1）He has lived here for 30 years.他住在这儿已经三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）

（2）They’ve known each other since childhood.他们从小彼此相识。（现在还继续来往）

3、非延续性动词的完成时和it is +时间+since…..（过去时）

英语中有些动词不能延续，因此不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。

（1）He has _____ the army for ten years and is now an officer.A.gone into

B.joined in

C.been in

D.come into（答案：C。用现在完成时表示“继续”的概念时，只能用含有持续意义的动词，不可用瞬间性动词。）（1995年49题）

（2）It is 3 years since I left Shanghai.我离开上海已经三年了。

（如果是非延续动词，这时常用 it is +时间+since 的句型代替，从句用过去时态。）

4、have（has）been to 和have（has）gone to 的区别

have（has）been to：去过某地（表示某人的一种经历），可以和once，twice，often，never，ever 连用。

have（has）gone to：去某地了（表示某人已经离开此地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般来说此句型只用于第三人称），此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。

（1）He has gone to America.（意思为他已经去了美国，现在不在此地）

（2）He has been to America twice.他去过美国两次。

八、过去完成时

1、表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作（即过去的过去）。这个过去的某一时间可用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。

例：About the sixth century A.D.when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _____ paper.A.invented

B.had invented

C.have invented

D.had been invented

（答案：B）（1997年35题）

2、表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。

例：The chemistry class _____ for five minutes when we hurried there.A.had been on

B.was on

C.has been on

D.would be on

（答案：A）（1995年24题）

3、在含有before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的先后顺序，因此，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时表示，而不用过去完成时。

例：I called him as soon as I arrived.我刚一到就给他打电话。

4、过去完成时常用在no sooner …than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…，一…就…。句型之中，句子到装。

（1）No sooner had we sat down _____ we found it was time to go.A.than

B.when

C.as

D.while

（答案为A）（1997年50题）

（2）Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.他刚打开门，蜡烛就被一阵风吹灭了。

九、将来完成时：表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。

1、By the time John gets home, his aunt _____.A.will have

B.leaves

C.will have left

D.is leaving

（答案：C）（1995年25题）

2、I _____ writing the article by the time you get back.A.shall finish

B.must have finished

C.have finished

D.shall have finished（答案：D）（2000年24题）

十、现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时一直延续到现在的一个动作，这个动作一般会继续延续下去，或是到说话时结束，但是强调到说话时为止一直在做的动作。

例：I _____ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.A.was knocking

B.am knocking

C.knocking

D.have been knocking（答案：D）（1998年49题）第二节 被动语态 考试重点：感官动词和使役动词的被动语态；动词短语的被动语态；情态动词的被动语态；用主动表示被动的含义。

一、感官动词及使役动词（如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid）在主动语态中用无to不定式做宾补，改为被动语态时要加to。

1、The middle-aged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.A.came

B.come

C.to come

D.have come

（答案为C）（2000年58题）

2、We were made to study harder.我们被要求努力学习。

二、有些动词后面接一个介词或副词，构成短语。变被动语态时，短语动词做及物动词用。

1、The children are well looked after.这些孩子得到了很好的照顾。

2、The doctor has been sent for.已经派人去请大夫了。

三、情态动词的被动语态

构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。

1、The work must be finished before lunch.这项工作必须在午饭前干完。

2、Nothing can be seen from here.从这儿什么也看不见。

四、用主动表示被动的含义

常用：need/require +doing sth（=to be done）（此句型主语大多为物）

例：My room is a mess.It needs _____.A to be tidying up

B.tidying up

C.to tidy up

D.tidied up

（答案为B）（2000年47题）

第三节 情态动词

考试重点：情态动词+完成时

情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。

一、must +现在完成时

表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。

1、Mr.Green _____ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.A.must have received

B.must have failed to receive

C.must receive

D.must fail to receive

（答案：B）（1998年44题）

2、I believe he _____ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.A.would have had

B.could have had

C.should have had

D.must have had

（答案为D）（2001年58题）

二、should（ought to）+完成时

表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。

1、They have done things they ought _____.A.not to do

B.not to be done

C.not to have done

D.not having done

（答案为C）（1999年59题）

2、I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him earlier.A.had a telephone

B.have phoned

C.should have phoned

D.should be phoned

（答案为C）（2000年26题）

三、could +完成时

表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。

1、He could have joined us, but he didn’t get our invitation in time.他本来能够参加我们的，但是他没有收到我们的请贴。

2、I could have passed, but I did not study hard enough.我本来能及格的，但是没有努力学习。

第四节 虚拟语气

如果所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时，称为虚拟条件句。

考试重点：虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句；would rather 引导的从句；以as if, as though 引导的从句；以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句；It is necessary（important）that引导的主语从句；It is time（that）…句型中。

一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法：

虚拟（条件）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：

1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him.A.had known

B.have known

C.knew

D.know

（答案：C。与现在的事实相反，从句用过去时）（1995年38题）

2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _____ the same language?

A.spoke

B.speak

C.had spoken

D.will speak

（答案：A。与现在的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。）

3、If Bob____ with us, he would have had a good time.A.would come

B.would have come

C.had come

D.came

（答案为C。与过去的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。）（1995年59题）

二、if的省略形式

在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含were , had, should等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。

1、_____ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.A.If I realized

B.Had I realized

C.Did I have realized that

D.As I realized（答案：B。虚拟条件句有时可以省略if，而将谓语中的过去式were，had，或should等移至主语之前。1996年39题）

2、_____, I should ask them some questions.A.Should they come to us

B.If they come to us

C.Were they come to us

D.Had they come to us

（答案：A。与将来事实相反。）（1997年30题）

三、含蓄条件句

有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for。

1、Without your help, we _____ so much.A.didn’t achieve

B.would not have achieved

C.will not achieve

D.don’t achieve（答案：B。这是一句含蓄条件句，条件暗含在介词短语without your help中，因此要用虚拟语气。）（1996年33题）

2、But for the rain, we _____ a nice holiday.A.should have

B.would have had

C.would have

D.will have had

（答案：B。2003年28题）

四、以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句

wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语＋wish ＋从句（主语＋过去时）；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语＋wish +从句（主语＋过去完成时）；

1、Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college.A.could study

B.studied

C.had studied

D.would study

（答案：C）（2000年53题）

2、I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____ there.A.were

B.would be

C.had been

D.will be

（答案：C）（2001年53题）

五、would rather＋句子（过去时）

1、I’d _____ you didn’t touch that, if you don’t mind.A.rather

B.better

C.happier

D.further

（答为案：A）（1998年45题）

2、I am too busy these days.I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.A.come

B.would come

C.came

D.have come

（答案为C）（2002年46题）

六、以as if，as though引导的从句

在as if，as though引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish 后面的从中动词形式变化相同。

1、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.A.knows

B.knew

C.had known

D.would have known（答案：B。as if（though）从句中非真实性情况用虚拟语气。本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑，所以用过去时。）

2、You are talking as if you had seen them

你谈的那么起劲，好像你真的见过似的。（表示想象中的过去的动作）

七、以suggest，advise，insist等词后引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。

类似的动词有：propose，insist，suggest，order，demand，require，request等。

1、The doctor advised that Mr.Malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life.A.had

B.would have

C.have

D.was going to have

（答案：C）（1998年28题）

2、His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.A.put on

B.puts on

C.to put

D.putting on

（答案：A）（1999年58题）

八、It is necessary/important/urgent that引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词，should可以省略。

1、It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week.A.comes

B.will come

C.come

D.may come

（答案：C）（1997年29题）

2、It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.A.will be arranged

B.must be arranged

C.be arranged

D.would be arranged（答案：C）（2003年45题）

九、It is time(that)…引导的定语从句中，谓语动词用过去时。

1、It’s high time we _____ something to stop traffic accident.A.do

B.will do

C.did

D.must do

（答案：C）（1996年43题）

2、Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?

A.give up

B.gave up

C.would give up

D.should give up

（答案：B）（1999年31题）

第五节 非谓语动词

非谓语动词分三种，即：不定式，动名词和分词。下面分三部分进行介绍。

一、动词不定式

考试重点：动词不定式的基本结构和用法（尤其是复合结构，否定式，被动式，完成式等。）；stop和go on接不定式和动名词的区别；remember，forget接不定式和动名词的区别；have sth done 和have sb do sth。

基本形式

主动形式

被动形式

一般式（not）to make（not）to be made

完成式（not）to have made（not）to have been made 进行式（not）to be making 在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。

（一）动词不定式的基本结构和用法

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。

1、Good-bye , Mr.Wang.I’m pleased _____ you.A.to meet

B.meeting

C.to have been meeting

D.to be met

（答案：A）（1998年57题）

2、Encouragement through praise is the most effective method of getting people _____ their best.A.do

B.to do

C.doing

D.done

（答案为B）（1996年44题）

（二）动词不定式的被动式

当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的对象时（或动作的承受者时），不定式一般要用被动式。

1、The ability _____ is very important for any speaker.A.to hear clearly

B.to be clearly heard

C.to hearing clearly

D.to being clearly heard

（答案：B。动词不定式的被动式。）（1999年39题）

2、Mr.and Mrs.Smith didn’t expect the house _____ so well.A.to be decorated

B.to decorate

C.be decorated

D.decorating

（答案：A）（1995年22题）

（三）动词不定式的复合结构

如需指出不定式动作的发出者时（即逻辑主语时）要在不定式前用for加名词（或代词）表示。

1、It was very difficult _____ me to learn Spanish.A.of

B.to

C.with

D.for

（答案：D）

2、It is necessary _____ the papers immediately.A.for you to hand in

B.that you hand out

C.your hand in

D.for your hand in

（答案：A）

（四）动词不定式的完成式

表示不定式的动作发生在句子谓语所表示的动作之前。

1、Judging from his manners at the party, he doesn’t seem _____ much education.A.to receive

B.to be receiving

C.to have received

D.to have been received

（答案：C。表示发生在主要动词之前的动作，要用动词不定式的完成式。）（1997年45题）

2、The book is said _____ into several foreign languages up to now.A.to translate

B.to have translate

C.to have been translated

D.to be translated

（答案：C）

（五）stop 和go on后面接不定式和动名词的区别

动名词表示停下或继续正在做的事情；不定式表示停下以便做某事或改做另外一件事情。

1、The old man walked slowly, stopping frequently _____.A.on rest

B.at rest

C.resting

D.to rest

（答案：D。“to rest”作目的状语，意思为“停下来的目的是为了休息”。）（1999年29题）

2、Men will never stop _____ for new ways of getting new energy.A.search

B.to search

C.searching

D.searched

（答案：C）

3、You have been talking for two hours.How long do you intend to go on _____ like that?

A.talking

B.to talk

C.doing talking

D.talk

（答案：A）

（六）remember 和forget接不定式和动名词的区别

remember, forget + doing sth：表示动作发生在过去。

remember, forget +to do sth：表示动作尚未发生。

1、Don’t forget _____ the window before leaving the room.A.to have closed

B.to close

C.having closed

D.closing

（答案：B。to close表示一个在leaving 之后发生的将来的动作）（2001年28题）

2、I remember giving the letter to him.我记得把信给他了。（giving表示一个在remember之前发生过的动作。）

（七）have sth done 和 have sb do sth的用法

1、We are going to have our office _____ to make room for a new engineer.A.to rearrange

B.rearrange

C.rearranged

D.rearranging

（答案：C。have sth done:表示这个动作由别人来做。）（2002年50题）

2、I’ll _____ that I’m a qualified engineer.A.have you know

B.have known you

C.have you knowing

D.have you know

（答案：A。表示让某人做某事。）（2003年25题）

考试重点：动名词的逻辑主语，完成式，被动式，否定式；动名词做介词的宾语，有时介词可省略；“to”的作用。

基本形式： 主动形式 被动形式

一般时

doing being done

完成时 having done having been done

在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。

一、动名词的基本用法：

1、We shall appreciate _____ from you soon.A.being heard

B.hearing

C.to hear

D.having been heard

（答案：B。appreciate后接动名词做宾语。）（1998年42题）

2、John suggested _____ anything about it until they found out more facts.A.not to say

B.saying not

C.to say not

D.not saying

（答案：D。suggest后接动名词做宾语，否定式要在动名词前加“not”）（1995年53题）

二、动名词的完成时：表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时，用动名词的完成时。

1、I don’t remember _____.A.ever to be saying

B.to have ever said

C.having ever said that

D.ever said that

（答案：C）

2、I regret having done such a thing.我后悔做了这样的事。

三、动名词的被动式

1、No one avoid _____ by advertisements.A.influenced

B.influencing

C.to influence

D.being influenced

（答案：D）

2、Susan was very unhappy for not _____ to the party.A.to be invited

B.having been invited

C.inviting

D.to have been invited

（答案：B）

四、动名词的逻辑主语

当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时可使用形容词性的物主代词或代词的宾格。

1、He forgot about _____ him to attend my wife’s birthday party.A.I asking

B.my asking

C.me to ask

D.mine to ask

（答案：B。做介词 about 的宾语，物主代词+动名词，构成动名词的复合结构。）

（1998年29题）

2、I object to his（him）making private calls on the office phone.我反对他用办公室的电话打私人电话。

五、动名词做介词的宾语，有时介词可省略。

1、Don’t risk _____ the job which so many people want.A.losing

B.to lose

C.lost

D.your life to lose

（答案：A。risk后接动名词做宾语，risk（in）doing sth.中的介词in常省略。）

（1999年57题）

2、I don’t think it is any use _____ this matter any further.A.discussing

B.to discuss

C.to discussing

D.to be discussed

（答案：A。it is no use（good）doing…做…没有用（好处），动名词做介词in的宾语，常省略。）

六、有的动词后的to 既可以是不定式符号，又可以是介词，使用时要特别注意。

1、You don’t object _____ you by your first name, do you?

A.for me to call

B.me to call

C.to my calling

D.my calling

（答案：C。object to 中的to是介词，故接动名词做宾语。）（1996年21题）

2、The students are looking forward to _____ their parents in winter vacation.A.see

B.watch

C.seeing

D.being seen

（答案：C）

考试重点：分词在句中的作用；现在分词的被动式和过去分词的区别；现在分词和过去分词的区别；分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语是否一致；分词的独立主格；with（without）引导的分词的独立结构。

-ING分词是指由动词原形＋-ING构成的、具有完成时态和被动语态的一种非谓语动词形式，具体形式如下： 主动形式 被动形式

现在式 doing being done 过去时 done

完成时 having done having been done

就其语法功能而言，它可以作表语、补足语、状语和定语。

一、分词在句中的作用

1、She was sitting in an armchair _____ a book.A.reading

B.to read

C.to be reading

D.to have read

（答案：A。分词短语在句中做伴随状语。）（1995年37题）

2、_____ anything about the accident, he went to work as well.A.Not know

B.Know not

C.Knowing not

D.Not knowing

（答案：D。分词做原因状语）（2000年28题）

3、They all returned to the village _____ that the danger was over.A.convincing

B.convinced

C.to convince

D.having convinced

（答案：B。过去分词做伴随状语）（1997年57题）

4、We kept our _____ all night to frighten the wolves.A.burning fire

B.burnt fire

C fire burning

D.fire burnt

（答案：C。现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行）（1997年55题）

二、现在分词和过去分词的区别

1、She told me that it was the most _____ gift her daughter had received.A.delighting

B.delighted

C.delights

D.delight

（答案：A。现在分词修饰的是事物，常译作“令人……”，具有主动、进行的意思。过去分词修饰人，常译作“感到……”，具有被动、完成的概念。又如：a moved audience：受感动的观众。）（2003年38题）

2、My parents are _____ with my progress.A.please

B.pleased

C.pleasing

D.being pleased

（答案：B。）

三、现在分词的被动式和过去分词的区别。

1、The interviewer should take down notes at the moment the person _____ answers the questions.A.to be interviewed

B.interviewing

C.being interviewed

D.interviewed

（答案：C。现在分词的被动式。表示动作正在发生）（1997年33题）

2、Standing on the bank, the children watched the ship _____ with all kinds of goods.A.loading

B.being loaded

C.to be loaded

D.having loaded

（答案：B。现在分词的被动式。）（2000年23题）

3、We found the eggs eaten by the snake.我们发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。

（过去分词表示动作的完成和结果。）

四、分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语是否一致。

1、Arriving at the bus stop, _____ waiting there.A.he found a lot of people

B.a lot of people were

C.he found a lot of people’s

D.people were found

（答案：A。分词短语做伴随状语时，和主句共用一个主语。）（1996年37题）

2、_____ tired after a hard work, she fell into bed and went straight to sleep.A.Felt

B.Feeling

C.Being felt

D.To feel

（答案：B）（1998年50题）

五、分词的独立主格：分词短语带有自己的逻辑主语，（一般由名词担任）称为分词的独立主格。

1、The plane crashed, its bombs _____ as it hit the ground.A.exploded

B.were exploded

C.exploding

D.were exploding

（答案：C）（1999年43题）

2、Weather permitting, we’ll go to the Summer Palace.如果天气允许的话，我们去颐和园。

六、with（without）引导的分词的独立结构。

1、He walked across the meeting room _____ everyone looking at her.A.with

B.as

C.while

D.when

（答案：A。with或without可以引导分词的独立结构，做伴随状语。）（1997年49题）

2、With the old man _____ the way, we had no trouble in finding that mysterious cave.A.leading

B.led

C.lead

D.to be led

（答案：A）（2000年27题）第六节 各种从句

英语中从句包括：名词从句、定语从句、同位语从句和状语从句。

一、名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。

（一）主语从句

考试重点：主语从句常用的连词的用法；it is desirable that引导的主语从句的用法。

在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫主语从句。主语从句可以由下列连词、连接代词和连接副词引导，且不能省略。

连词：that，whether

连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever等。

连接副词：when，where，how，why

1、由连词that，whether引导的主语从句。

连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它在从句中不担任成分，不能省略，且由它们引导的主语从句，多用it做形式主语。

（1）_____ was unimportant.A.Whether he enjoyed our dinner or not

B.No matter how he enjoyed our dinner

C.If he enjoyed our dinner

D.What he enjoyed our dinner

（答案：A）（2000年40题）

（2）That the earth is round is true.（It is true that the earth is round.）

地球是圆的，是个事实。

2、由连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句

它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语和状语，不能省略。注意翻译时不能把它们译为疑问句。由它们引导的主语从句，也可以用形式主语it引导。

（1）Who let out the news remained unknown.（It remained unknown who let out the news.）

谁泄露了那个消息仍旧无人知道。

（2）When we’ll start is not clear.（It is not clear when we’ll start.）

我们何时出发还不清楚。

3、以关系代词what, whatever, whoever…引导的主语从句。

What有时可以用来表示the thing which这种意思，引导从句，表示一样东西或一件事情。Who，whom，which，what，可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起强调作用。此类句子不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成份，不能省略，语序为陈述句的语序。

（1）_____ I saw was two men crossing the street.A.What

B.Whom

C.Who

D.That

（答案：A）（2001年38题）

（2）_____ was not the way the event happened.A.Which the press reported

B.That the press reported

C.what did the press report

D.What the press reported

（答案：D。主语从句，what在从句中做宾语。）（1998年24题）

4、句型It is desirable（suggested, necessary, requested, ordered, proposed, urgent）+that+主语+should（可省略）+V（动词原形）。

（1）It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.A.will be arranged

B.must be arranged

C.be arranged

D.would be arranged

（答案：C）（2003年45题）

（2）It is highly desirable that a new president _____ for this university.A.is appointed

B.will be appointed

C.be appointed

D.has been appointed

（答案：C）（1997年52题）

（二）表语从句

考试重点：表语从句的基本用法；含有suggestion，proposal等词的表语从句的用法。

1、在从句中做表语的从句叫表语从句。它位于主句中的系动词之后，常用的关联词和主语从句相同。

（1）This is what he wants.这就是他想要的东西。

（2）The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning.问题是我们明天上午能否完成任务。

2、用suggestion等词表示愿望、建议、命令等情绪时，用虚拟语气，从句中用should（可省略）+动词原形。

（1）The general’s command was that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important tasks.A.would leave

B.leave

C.left

D.have left

（答案：B）（2002年48题）

（2）His proposal is that they（should）challenge the other groups to a friendly competition.他提议他们和别的组挑战进行一场友谊竞赛。

（三）宾语从句

考试重点：宾语从句用陈述句的语序；介词后面的宾语从句；suggest，insist，order，demand等动词后接宾语从句时，用虚拟语气；if和whether的区别。

1、宾语从句用陈述句的语序

（1）Can you tell me _____ about the city that makes people love it so much?

A.it is what

B.what it is

C.what is it

D.is it what

（答案：B。宾语从句用陈述句的语序。）（1999年47题）

（2）No one doubts _____ it is true.A.whether

B.if

C.that

d.what

（答案：C。I doubt whether/if…我怀疑。I don’t doubt that …我毫不怀疑。又如：I doubt whether he can speak English.我怀疑他是否会说英语。）（1997年38题）

2、介词后面的宾语从句

（1）The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware _____ she had gone.A.where that

B.of where

C.of the place

D.the place

（答案: B。where 引导的从句做介词的宾语。）（1998年48题）

（2）He was a man of fine character in all points _____ he was rather timid.A.in that

B.except that

C.for that

D.except for

（答案：B）（1997年53题）

3、suggest，insist，order，demand等动词后作宾语时，表示欲望、建议、命令等时，用虚拟语气。

①His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.A.put on

B.puts on

C.to put

D.putting on

（答案：A）（1999年58题）

②The doctor advised that Mr.Malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life.A.had

B.would have

C.have

D.was going to have

（答案：C）（1998年28题）

4、在下列情况下不能用if , 而用whether。

后跟不定式：He didn’t tell me whether to go or stay.他没有告诉我是走还是留下。

前面有介词：He raised the question of whether we could find the necessary money.他提出我们能否筹集到必要的资金这个问题。

引导主语从句：Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.他们胜利也好，失败也好，对我来说都是一样的。

后面直接跟or not：I wonder whether I’ll catch the last bus or not.我不知道我能否赶上末班车。

二、定语从句

考试重点：限定性定语从句中关系代词的用法；关系副词 when，where，why，引导的定语从句；带介词的定语从句；非限定性定语从句；“名词（代词）+介词+关系代词”引出，一般是非限定性定语从句。

在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句分为两种：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。注意关系代词和关系副词在从句中的应用。

（一）关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that引导的定语从句

1、The company official _____ I thought would be fired received a raise.A.whom

B.whoever

C.who

D.of whom

（答案：A。关系代词whom在定语从句中做宾语，修饰先行词official）（1998年40题）

2、The investigation , _____ will soon be published, was made by John.A.at which the results

B.the results on which

C.whose results

D.at whose results

（答案：C。关系代词whose 在定语从句中做定语。）（1998年58题）

（二）关系副词 when ,where, why, 引导的定语从句

1、The time will come _____ man can fly to outer space freely.A.that

B.when

C.in that

D.which

（答案：B。when在定语从句中做状语。）（1996年35题）

2、I will never forget the ten years _____ we both spent in the little village.A.when

B.during which

C.which

D.in which

（答案：A）（2001年54题）

（三）关系代词前带介词的定语从句

1、Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai, _____ she belonged.A.which

B.to where

C.to which

D.at which

（答案：C。关系代词which和whom 还可以做“动词词组”后面的前置宾语。这里的动词词组是belong to。）（1998年56题）

2、The United States is composed of fifty states, two of _____ are separated from the others by land or water.A.them

B.that

C.which

D.those

（答案：C）（2003年23题）

（四）非限定定语从句对被修饰的名词起附加说明，或进一步描述或补充。

这种从句有一定的独立性，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整，只是内容相对地不够具体。与主句之间常用逗号分开，所用的关系代词与限定性定语从句基本相同，但不能用关系代词that 引导。

（1）An Old friend from abroad, _____I was expecting to stay with, telephoned me from the airport.A.that

B.whom

C.who

D.which

（答案：B）（2000年31题）

（2）His brother had become a teacher, _____he wanted to be.A.who

B.what

C.which

D.that

（答案：C。which引导的非限定性定语从句，在从句中做宾语，修饰先行词a teacher）（1997年39题）

（3）He has made another wonderful discovery, _____of great importance to science.A.which I think it is

B.of which I think it is

C.I think which is

D.which I think is

（答案：D。which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。）（1995年50题）

（五）“名词（代词）+介词+关系代词”引出，一般是非限定性定语从句。

We’ve tested three hundred types of boot, _____is completely water proof.A.no of which

B.none of which

C.some of which

D.neither of which

（答案：B。“名词（代词）+of+which（whom）”引起的定语从句常表示部分与整体的关系。）（1995年36题）

三、同位语从句

考试重点：同位语从句的基本用法；含有suggestion，proposal等词的同位语从句。

一、同位语从句的基本用法

常跟在fact，idea，news等名词的后面，通常用连词that引导。

1、Would the news _____ he failed to pass the exam bother you?

A.which

B.that

C.of which

D.on which

（答案：B。同位语从句。）（2003年58题）

2、I had no idea that you were here.我没有想到你会在这里。

二、如果同位语从句所修饰的先行词是suggestion，proposal等名词的时候，谓语动词用should+原形动词。should可以省略。

1、My suggestion that we do the experiment again is accepted by them.我的再做一次实验的建议被他们所接纳。

2、His proposal that they（should）challenge the other groups to a friendly competition is praised by the teacher.他提议他们和别的组挑战，来一场友谊竞赛。这个提议受到了老师的表扬。

四、状语从句 考试重点：状语从句的种类及一些连词的基本用法；让步状语从句；unless，supposed（that），whomever，whenever，wherever等连词的含义和用法。

在主从句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果。

一、时间状语从句

常用的连词有：when，whenever（无论什么时候），since，as，until，hardly…when，no sooner…than，as soon as，before，after，the moment，the minute（一…就…）

1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up _____ it started raining hard.A.when

B.than

C.then

D.after

（答案：B。no sooner…than 引导的时间状语从句。）（2002年57题）

2、She has wanted to become a nurse _____ since she was a young girl.A.long

B.often

C.always

D.ever

（答案：D。时间状语从句，ever since表示从…以后一直。）（1997年56题）

二、条件状语从句

常用if，unless（除非，如果不），as/so long as只要。

1、_____ I’m mistaken, I’ve seen that man before.A.Unless

B.If

C.Because

D.Provided

（答案：A。unless引导条件状语从句）（2001年40题）

2、_____ you return those books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine.A.Until

B.Unless

C.If

D.Provided

（答案：B）（1998年60题）

三、原因状语从句

常用：because, as, since。如果表示必然的因果关系，一般用because引入；而since表示一种间接或附带的原因；用as 只是提一下。

1、He cannot go to school because he is ill.他因为生病不能上学。

2、Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest.人人都喜欢你，因为你既和气，又诚实。

四、让步状语从句常用though/although，as（尽管），even if/though，however，whatever，wherever，whoever，no matter how/what/who等。

1、In short, _____ he lives, a man belongs to some society.A.whatever

B.whenever

C.whichever

D.wherever

（答案：D。wherever引导让步状语从句，wherever = no matter where）（1997年44题）

2、_____, you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.A.No matter whoever you are

B.Whomever you are

C.Whoever you are

D.No matter who are you

（答案：C。whoever,引导让步状语从句，= no matter who）（1997年59题）

3、_____ you disagree with her, her idea is still worth considering.A.Even if

B.If only

C.Instead of

D.Despite of

（答案：A。让步状语从句。）（1998年44题）

4、Young _____ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do.A.that

B.as

C.although

D.however

（答案：B。as引导让步状语从句，被强调的部分放在句子之前，进行倒装。）

（2000年44题）

五、方式状语从句

常用as, just as, as if/though 等词。

1、_____ was pointed above, this substance can be used as a substitute.A.It

B.That

C.What

D.As

（答案：D。As引导方式状语从句。）（1999年32题）

2、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.A.knows

B.knew

C.had known

D.would have known

（答案：B。as if（though）引导的方式状语从句，谓语动词用虚拟语气。）

六、目的状语从句

常用so that , in order that, lest（以免，以防）, in case。

1、I wrote it down _____ I should forget it.A.in case

B.in case of

C.in order that

D.for fear of

（答案：A）（2002年27题）

2、I’ll give you my phone number, so that you can call me when you arrive here.我把我的电话号码告诉你，以便你到达这里后可以给我打电话。

七、结果状语从句

常用so…that, such…that

They are _____ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations.A.so diligent

B.such diligent

C.so much diligent

D.such very diligent

（答案：B）（2002年43题）第七节 主谓一致 考试重点：形式上复数、意义单数的名词做主语；动名词、不定式，从句做主语；a number+of+复数名词和the number+of+可数或不可数名词做主语；主语由as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致；当用and连接的名词前有each，every等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

一、名词physics（物理），maths（数学），news（新闻），means（方法），works（工厂）等一般被认为是形式是复数，意思是单数的名词，它们做主语的时候动词一般用单数形式。（答案：C。应改为is。）（2000年63题）

2、Every means has been tried.每一种方式都试过了。

二、动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

When and where the new hospital will be built _____ a mystery.A.to remain

B.remains

C.remain

D.is remaining

（答案：B）（2000年57题）

三、当主语是a number+of+复数名词时，谓语动词用复数；当主语是the number+of+可数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数（答案：A。应改为the。1998年66题）

2、A number of cars _____ in front of my house.A.was parked

B.were parking

C.is parking

D.are parked

（答案：D）

四、当主语由as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致。当句中的主语后接as well as，along with，together with，including，accompanied by等短语+名词（代词）时，主语与谓语的一致关系不受影响，主语是单数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式时，谓语动词用复数。

1、John, along with twenty friends, is planning a party.约翰和二十个朋友正在计划举行一个集会。

2、No one but Jane and Tom was there then.那时除了珍尼和汤姆之外，没有别人在那儿。

五、当用and连接的名词前有each，every等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。当主语是each…and…，every…and every…，many a…and…结构时，谓语动词用单数。

1、Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.许多歌唱家和舞蹈家将参加我们的晚会。

2、In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家每个人都有接受教育的权利。第八节 倒装句

考试重点：

1、否定词放置句首时，助动词或be动词要放置主语的前面进行倒装。常用的否定词有：not，scarcely，barely，seldom，not until，little，（in）under no circumstance，by no means，no sooner…than等。

2、only+adv.句子要倒装。

3、nor，neither，so用于句首时，句子要倒装。

4、虚拟条件句中省略if时要倒装。

一、否定词放置句首时，助动词或be动词要放置主语的前面进行倒装。常用的否定词有：not，scarcely，barely，seldom，not until，little，（in）under no circumstance，by no means，no sooner…than等。

1、Not until I reminded him for the third time _____ working and looked up。

A.that he stopped

B.does he stopped

C.did he stop

D.that he stopped

（答案：C）（2000年53题）

2、_____ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving.A.Little they realize

B.They little do realize

C.Little realize do they

D.Little do they realize

（答案：D）（1996年31题）

二、only+ adv.句子要倒装。

1、Only under such a condition will he make steady progress.只有在这样的条件下，他才会取得扎实的进步。

2、Only this morning did I hear the sad news.我今天早晨才听到这不幸的消息。

三、nor, neither, so 用于句首时, 句子要倒装。

1、So little _____about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me.A.did I know

B.I had known

C.I knew

D.was I know

（答案：A）（1998年30题）

2、I didn’t finish reading that French book, neither _____.A.did he

B.didn’t he

C.he did

D.he could

（答案：A）

四、虚拟条件句中省略if时要倒装。

1、_____ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.A.If I realized

B.Had I realized

C.Did I have realized that

D.As I realized

（答案：B）（1996年39题）

2、_____, I should ask them some questions.A.Should they come to us

B.If they come to us

C.Were they come to us

D.Had they come to us

（答案：A）（1997年30题）第九节 强调结构

考试重点：强调句型的基本形式It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）…；强调句型用来强调状语。

一、强调句型的基本形式It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）…。

（答案：B。应改为“that”）（1998年68题）（答案：B。应改为who）

二、强调句型用来强调状语。

1、It was in that small room_____ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.A.where

B.in which

C.which

d.that

（答案：D。强调地点状语）（1997年58题）

2、It is because she is very devoted to her students _______she is respected by them.A.that

B.which

C.what

D.who

（答案：A。强调原因状语）（2001年33题）

3、It was not until she arrived in class _________realized she had forgotten her book.A.and she

B.when

C.she

D.that she

（答案：D）第十节 附加疑问句

考试重点：附加疑问句的基本用法；含有否定词的疑问句；祈使句的附加疑问句；一些特殊用法。

一、附加疑问句的基本用法

附加疑问句由两部分构成：陈述句+附加问句。一般的规则是：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。

1、He had to finish the work yesterday, _____?

A.hadn’t he

B.had he

C.didn’t he

D.did he

（答案：C。have作“有”以外解释时，附加疑问句要用助动词do/does/did。）

2、There won’t be any concert this Saturday evening _____?

A.will there not

B.will there

C.is there

D.will it be

（答案：B。当陈述句为there be句型时，附加疑问句用其否定或肯定的疑问句式。）

二、含有否定词的用法

若陈述句部分已有表示否定的 hardly，scarcely，never，seldom 等词时，反问句部分要用肯定。

1、She scarcely cares for anything _____?

A.doesn’t

B.does she

C.is she

D.isn't she

（答案：B）（1995年45题）

2、You never told me you have seen the film, _____?

A.had you

B.didn’t you

C.did you

D.weren’t you

（答案：C）（2002年53题）

三、祈使句：

1、Please let us have more time , _____?

A.shall we

B.will you

C.won’t you

D.don't you

（答案：B。Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句，反问部分主语用we时，谓语用shall。如：Let’s go，shall we?）（1997年23题）

2、Don't forget to write to me, _____?

A.do you

B.won’t you

C.are

D.will you

（答案：D）（1994年37题）

四、一些特殊用法：

1、I suppose you’re not serious, _____?

A.don’t I

B.do I

C.are you

D.aren’t you

（答案：C。主句的谓语是suppose和think，主语是第一人称，反问句部分要和从句的谓语一致。）（1996年57题）再如 ：“I don’t suppose you’re going today, aren’t you?”

2、I don’t think you’ve heard of him before, _____?

A.don’t I

B.do I

C.have you

D.haven’t you

（答案：C）（1992年33题）词语用法及语法结构

词汇和语法结构部分共设30个单句，每句1分，共30分。题目中50%为词和短语的用法，50%为语法结构。

词汇和语法结构部分的考试目的是测试考生运用词汇，短语及语法结构的能力。考试范围包括全日制文理科本科教学大纲中词汇表及语法结构表一至三级的主要内容。下面我对这两部分分别进行讲解。

词汇部分的考试重点：名词，代词，介词，连词，形容词和副词，动词。名词的考试重点是：名词的含义、名词和动词的搭配、名词的所有格。

一、名词的含义：

1、The _____ of the play is so great that many people want to see it.A.attention

B.attraction

C.attempt

D.attack（答案为B。四个名词的意思分别attraction :吸引。attention:注意力。attempt：努力。attack：进攻，袭击。是本句的意思是：“这个剧目有如此大的吸引力，以至于许多人都想看。”因此只有B最符合题意。）（2001年21题）

2、He has been teaching for 2years, but being a teacher is not his _____.A.chance

B.character

C.attitude

D.choice

（答案为D。四个 名词的意思分别是：choice ：选择。chance：机会。character：性特点。attitude ：态度。本句的意思是“他已经教书两年了，但是当老师并不是他的选择。”只有D最符合题意。）（2001年25题）

二、名词和动词的搭配：

1、Your sister has made an _____ for you to see the dentist at 3 this afternoon..A.appointment

B.interview

C.opportunity

D.assignment

（答案为A。make（fix）an appointment ： 预约，约会。固定搭配。）（2002年24题）

2、The committee is expected to _____ a decision this evening.A.reach

B.arrive

C.bring

D.take

（答案为A。习惯用这样的搭配：come to a decision, arrive at a decision, reach a decision 做出决定。）（2002年25题）

三、名词的所有格：

1、Sorry, I don’t know he is a friend of _____.A.your brother

B.your brothers

C.your brother’s friend

D.your brother’s(n,（答案为D。a（an）+名词+of+名词性所有格 a friend my mine, a friend of ours, a friend of my mother’s。）（2001年56题）

2、Don’t you know he is an old friend of _____?

A.my brother

B.my brothers

C.my brother’s

D.my brother’s friend

（答案为C。）（1999年60题）

第三章 答题技巧 第二节 词语用法及语法结构

一、名词性与形容词性物主代词的区别

二、代词的替代

三、不定代词的用法

代词的用法主要以挑错题形式进行测试，因此这里就不进行举例了。后面挑错题的答题技巧中会有详细说明和例句。第三章 答题技巧第二节 词语用法及语法结构

考试重点：

常用的形容词和副词的含义；形容词、副词和名词遇在一起时的位置；such…that和so…that 的用法。

一、常用的形容词的含义

1、This is a very _____ situation and we don’t know how to face it yet.，A comprehensive

B.compound

C.complicated

D.competent

（答案为 C。四个形容词的意思分别为complicated:复杂的。comprehensive ：综合的，理解的。compound：混合的，复合的。competent ：能力强的。本句的意思是“这是一个非常复杂的形势，我们还不知道如何面对。”因此只有C最符合题意。）(2001年26题)

2、One car went too fast and _____ missed hitting another car.A.completely

B.greatly

C.narrowly

D.little

（答案为C。四个副词的意思分别是：completely:完全地。greatly:非常，很：narrowly :以毫厘之差 little:小的，少的。因此只有C最符合题意。）（1998年35题）

二、形容词、副词和名词遇在一起时的位置

例：My next door neighbor Johnson seems to have _____ opinion on the show last night.A.rather the strong

B.rather strong

C.a rather strong

D.the rather strong

（答案为C。）（2000年60题）

三、such…that和 so …that 的用法

1、They are _____ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations.8zm-v 5trt

A.so diligent

B.such diligent

C.so much diligent

D.such very diligent

（答案为B。such 修饰名词）（2002年43题）

2、He was _____ an honest man that everybody trusted him.A.so

B.as

C.such

D.very

（答案为C。）

3、He was _____ fat that he couldn’t get through the door.A.so

B.how

C.such

D.much

（答案为A。）（how 修饰形容词fat。）考试重点：引导各种从句的常用连词的基本含义和用法、关系代词和关系副词以及介词+关系代词的用法、注意根据句子之间的逻辑关系以及从句的类型选择连词。LdEE+"Jw

一、引导各种从句的常用连词的基本含义和用法 W4vBf^eC

1、Written applications should be sent to us in case _____ some problems with the electric version.A.there will be

B.there is

C.there be

D.there was

（答案为C。in case 引导的从句要用虚拟语气，should可以省略。）（2002年59题）

2、Young _____ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do.A.that

B.as

C.although

D.however

（答案为B。as 引导让步状语从句，句子到装，表语提前。）(2000年44题)

二、关系代词和关系副词以及介词+关系代词的用法：

1、I will never forget the ten years _____ we both spent in the little village.A.when

B.during which

C.which

D.in which

（答案为C。which关系代词，在定语从句中做动词spend的宾语。）（2002年42题）

2、Before joining the army, he spent a lot of time in the village _____ he belonged.A.to which

B.which

C.to where

D.which

（答案为A。因为句中的短语应当是belong to ,关系代词which 做介词to的宾语）（2001年31题）。

三、注意根据句子之间的逻辑关系以及从句的类型选择连词：

1、It is because she is very devoted to her students _____ she is respected by them.A.that

B.which

C.what

D.who

（答案为A。因为是强调句型，因此用that）(2001年33题)

2、_____ was unimportant.A.Whether he enjoyed our dinner or not

B.No matter how he enjoyed our dinner

C.If he enjoyed our dinner

D.what he enjoyed our dinner

（答案为A。主语从句。）（2000年40题）

第四篇：学位英语作文

一、学位英语必背句型

1.as is known /as it is known to all …众所周知 2.with the pace of modern life increasing….随着现代生活步伐的加快 3.with the development of modern society…随着现代社会的 4.personally I’m in favor of the former/latter view…我个人偏向于前/后一种观点 5.there is no doubt that…勿容质疑 6.however everything has two sides…任何事物都具有两方面 7.as a Chinese saying goes…正如中国的一句谚语所说 8.the same is the case with sth…也不例外 9.in the appraisal of …在。。的评价中 11.according to …there are at least three good reasons…firstlysecondly… thirdly….列举的用法

12.In my opinion, in the appraisal of …it is one-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything.We should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them。我认为，在对….的评价中，完全的肯定任何事情和否认任何事情都是片面的。我们在欣赏到他们做出的巨大的贡献的同时也要更加注意他们带来的问题。

二、学位英语作文速成模板

1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1.有一些人认为…… 2.另一些人认为…… 3.我的看法…… The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）.The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）.For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③---------------(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤---------(反对的理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥-----(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)． ★★★阐述主题题型

要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．

１.阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．

２.分析并举例使其更充实．

The good old proverb----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that----------------(释义).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(举例说明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(举例说明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)． In my opinion,----------------(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you'll necessarily benefit a lot from it.★★★解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

１.问题现状

２.怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second,----------(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解决方法一).For another-------------(解决方法二).Finally,--------------(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(带来的好处).★★★说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）

１.说明事物现状

２.事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）

３.你对现状（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer Abecause it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的优点之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．(Or: From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(对前景的预测)．)

★★★议论文的框架

1)不同观点列举型（选择型）There is a widespread concern over the issue that 观点一.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows:

原因一.Furthermore, in the second place, 原因二..People,however,differ inon this matter.Some peoplehold the idea that一.On the other hand,is no.As far as I am concerned, I firmly the view thatIt is not only2）利弊型的议论文 Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)there are both advantages and disadvantages in.Just as a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”,.In addition,.into full play,ake a better use of the 3)答题性议论文 Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that).It is really anes to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, 一.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is 途径二.4)谚语警句性议论文 It is well know to us that the proverb: “has a profound significance and value not only.The saying can be illustrated throughA case in point is.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great ofWith the rapid development of science and technologythe saying: ★★★图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie /chart), has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases), om the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.东方英语

1、Nowadays，it is generally/commonly believed that..., but I wonder that...2、“如同硬币的正反面，...也有积极的一面和消极的一面。”Like a coin has two sides, there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to...3、“近来，...的问题已经成为人们注目的焦点。”

Currently, the issue of...has been brought to public attention.4、“随着...的快速增长，...在日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。”

Along with the rapid growth of...,...has become increasingly important in our daily life.5、“由汽车引起的空气和噪音污染对我们的健康造成了危害。”

Air pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles do harm to our health.第二种考研写作功能句型??文章结尾句型

1、“因此，不难得出结论...”

Accordingly/Consequently/As a result,it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that...2、“综上所述，我们能得出如下结论...”

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that...3、“这一难题，是任何人都不可能避免的。但只要处理得当，我们就会...”

The dilemma is something no one can avoid.Properly handled, however, we will...4、“总之，全社会都应该密切关注...,只有这样我们才能...”

All in all, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of....Only in this way can we....5、“考虑到所有的因素，我们意识到...”

Taking into account all of these factors, we have reached the realization that...英语四级作文万能句子精选

（一）段首句

1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……There are different opinions among people as to ____.Some people suggest that ____.2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。There is an old saying______.It”s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。Nowadays，it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while.Obviously，______，but why?

（二）中间段落句

1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I don“t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is necessary and important to our country”s development and construction.First，______.What“s more, _____.Most important of all,______.4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______5.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______.For one thing，______For another，______6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In addition._____.All these measures will certainly______.7.为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.10.完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.（三）结尾句

1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that ____.2.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.3.但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）……

But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____, while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.4.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……Personally, I believe that_____.Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.5.随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it”s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.6.至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……For my part, I think it reasonable to_____.Only in this way can you _____.7.对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to____.The reasons are as follows.First _____.Second ______.Last but not least,______.8.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______.However, from a personal point of view find______.9.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.10.如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.

第五篇：学位英语申报

2012年学位英语最新报名流程

（1）、报名资料收集

2012年2月12日---2012年2月14日期间

1，请各位考生将本人蓝底登记照电子版照片(备注 姓名 本科学号 专业 网报号 电话)发送到QQ邮箱775617024@qq.com；

2，请各位考生务必将本人第二代身份证原件顺丰快递寄送

快递地址： 武汉商业服务学院商贸楼 201办公室黄老师

027-84792057

（2）、网上报名

湖北省教育考试院成人学士学位外语考试报名平台http://crxs.hbee.edu.cn 时间：2012年2月20日--2月29日（2月29日晚24时关闭网上报名系统）。报名时间过后不补报名。考生务必牢记自己的网上报名号。

备注：网报方法及要求请见附件一《2012年湖北省成人学士学位外语考试网上报名办法》。

三、考试

1.考试时间：2012年4月21日上午9时至11时。

2.准考证下载时间：2012年4月2日至21日。考生可登录报名网站http://crxs.hbee.edu.cn下载并打印自己的准考证。

3.考试大纲及备考用书：考试大纲使用省学位办与省教育考试院联合制订的《湖北省成人学士学位外语考试大纲》（2011版）（包括英、日、法3个语种，见湖北省教育考试院网）。英语科目备考用书使用省学位办、省教育考试院组编的《湖北省成人高等教育本科生申请学士学位英语考试备考指南》（湖北人民出版社出版，湖北招生考试杂志社发行）。

四，收费

70元（含学位英语报名费+电子照片处理及打印费）

备注：四级证件可以用于申报学位但是可能不返还，但不返还可能性比较小

（目前没出现未返还情况）请大家自行决定是否需要报考学位英语！