第一篇:商务函电写作的7C原则
商务函电写作的7C原则
函电的作用,一是索取信息或传递信息,二是处理商务交流中有关事宜,三是联络与沟通感情。
商务函电的写作应掌握7C原则,即:
完整(complete)
正确(correctness)
清楚(clearness)
简洁(concreteness)
具体(concreteness)
礼貌(courtesy)
体谅(consideration)
完整:商务函电应完整表达所要表达内容和意思,何人、何时、何地、何事、何种原因、何种方式等。
正确:表达的用词用语及标点符号应正确无误,因为商务函电的内容大多涉及商业交往中双方的权利、义务以及利害关系,如果出错势必会造成不必要的麻烦。
清楚:所有的词句都应能够非常清晰明确地表现真实的意图,避免双重意义的表示或者模棱两可。用最简单普通的词句来直截了当地告诉对方。
简洁:在无损于礼貌的前提下,用尽可能少的文字清楚表达真实的意思。
清楚和简洁经常相辅相成,摒弃函电中的陈词滥调和俗套,可以使交流变得更加容易和方便。而一事一段则会使函电清楚易读和富有吸引力。
具体:内容当然要具体而且明确,尤其是要求对方答复或者对之后的交往产生影响的函电。
礼貌:文字表达的语气上应表现出一个人的职业修养,客气而且得体。最重要的礼貌是及时回复对方,最感人的礼貌是从不怀疑甚至计较对方的坦诚。商务交往中肯定会发生意见分歧,但礼貌和沟通可能化解分歧而不影响双方的良好关系。
体谅:为对方着想,这也是拟定商务函电时一直强调的原则:站在对方立场。在起草商务函电时,始终应该以对方的观点来看问题,根据对方的思维方式来表达自己的意思,只有这样,与对方的沟通才会有成效。
商务函电的种类包括:商洽函、询问函、答复函、请求函、告知函、联系函。从商务函 电的具体使用功能来讲,又可分为:来函处理答复函、订货函、任命函、祝贺函、感谢函、介绍函、邀请函、联络函、致歉函、慰问函、唁函、推销函。
Page 1 of 19 商业英语之商业信函的书写原则(1)completeness
实例解说:
“Cellulose Tape 1/2”x 3yds, with plastic dispenser 700 doz./-ditto-but 1/2“ x 5 yds, 1,000doz.”
这是出口商接到的一份定单中有关商品品名,规格和数量的内容。中文意思是:
“纤维素带(幅)宽半英寸,长3码,带塑料包装容器,700打;同上,但(幅)宽宽半英寸,长5码,1000打。
主要问题是后半句不清楚。
”ditto“在这里表示前面提到的商品名称纤维素带,但不能包括”带塑料包装容器“,因此,幅宽半英寸长5码的纤维素带是否有塑料包装容器没有说清楚,不完整。所以最好改成:
”Cellulose Tape 1/2“x 3yds, with plastic dispenser 700 doz.Cellulose Tape 1/2” x 5yds,with plastic dispenser 1000 doz.“
这样即完正,又清楚明确,不会引起误解。
商务英语之商业信函的书写原则(2)Clearness
(一).避免使用可能产生不同理解或意义不明确的词汇
〈例一〉
As to the steamers sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco, we have bimonthly direct services.(从香港到旧金山有直达船,)
但是bimonthly 究竟是一个月两次即半月一次呢,还是两个月一次?不明确。因此,最好清楚明白地说明”一个月两次“还是”两个月一次“:
(a)We have two direct sailings every month from Hong Kong to San Francisco.(每月两次直达船)
(b)We have semimonthly direct sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco.(每半月一次直达船)
Page 2 of 19
(c)We have a direct sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco every two month.(每两个月一次直达船)
(二)注意修饰词的位置,有时修饰词的位置不同,会导致不同的含意如:
a)Please let us know what you wish us to do about this matter as soon as possible;
b)Please let us know as soon as possible what you wish us to do about this matter.以上两句中的” as soon as possible “修饰的内容不同:
a)你们要求我们尽快做些什么。b)请尽快告诉我们。
所以 a)可译为”请告你们要我们为此尽快做些什么“;
b)可译为”请尽快告知,你们要我们为此事做些什么“。
(三)注意代名词,关系代词和先行词的关系
按照英语习惯,句子中的代名词和关系代词一般是指离得最近的名词,因此要特别注意,以免引起误解或不清楚。
例句:
不好: They informed Messrs.John & Smith that they would receive an answer in a few days.较好: They informed Messrs.John & Smith that latter would receive an answer in a few days.(四)注意前后一致和紧凑,连贯
不一致:Being a certified public accountant, I am sure you can help us.一致: Being a certified public accountant, you can surely help us.Or: As you are a certified public accountant, I am sure you can help us.(五)仔细和恰当地分段落(Paragraphing)
商业书信要写得使人一读就明白,因此必须按照内容仔细和恰当的分段落,一般的分段落原则是一个段落一个意思(A paragraph for each point is a good general rule.).现举例
Page 3 of 19 说明:
Dear Sirs,It is reported in a domestic newspaper that the Iranian Central Bank has instructed the commercial banks to suspend their business of opening a new letter of credit as from the 3rd May for financial reason of foreign currency.Although it is said that this arrangement would be a temporary one and with establishment of new import policy this emergency arrangement would be lifted, we are much concerned about the outcome of this movement toward restriction of import to Iran and shall be obliged if you will kindly keep us well advised of development of this new arrangement especially in connection with import from France.Yours faithfully,以上这封信只有一段,供两句。第一句39字,第二句66字。读后虽然能基本了解其内容,但读起来很不舒服。信的内容大体有三点:
1. 伊朗中央银行因外汇原因,通知个商业银行从五月三日起停止开立信用证; 2. 这临时措施,新的进口政策一订,这个措施可能取消; 3. 希望对方随时告之有关情况。
按照这三点,适当地分分段落,把信重新改写一下,可能读起来比原来的清楚易懂:
Dear Sirs,It is reported in a vernacular newspaper that the Iranian Central Bank has instructed the commercial banks to suspend their issuing new Letters of Credit as from the 3rd May because of its decreasing foreign currency funds.Furthermore it is said that the suspension seems a temporary one and will be released with establishment if a new import policy.We are much concerned, however, about the outcome of this movement toward restriction of import to Iran.We, therefore, shall be obliged if you will keep us well informed of development of this new state of affairs, especially in connection with imports from France.Yours faithfully
Page 4 of 19 商务英语之商业信函的书写原则(3)Correctness
商业书信必须写得正确,因为它涉及到买卖双方的权利,义务,厉害关系,是各种商业单据(如合同)的根据。
广义的说,商业书信的正确性表现在:
(一)运用正确的语言水平
(二)叙述得正确
(三)数字要正确
(四)正确理解和运用商业术语
(五)合适的写作技巧或方法,以及正确运用其他的六个”C“。
一.正确的语言水平
(1)正式的和非正式的语言水平所用词汇比较:
Formal
Informal
Stop terminate 停止,结束,终止
domicile n.住所,住宅;v.(使)定居 home 本国,产地 deem 认为,相信 think(or: believe)认为,以为;相信 transpire 发生;发散,泄露 happen 发生,碰巧,偶然
Fire Conflagration n.大火,大火灾,突发
Building edifice
大厦,大建筑物
endeavor
尽力,努力 try 尝试,试图
Get obtain;procure
获得,取得
Read or study peruse 细读
Pay remunerate 酬劳
Use utilize 利用
Next or following subsequent 后来的,并发的
ascertain 确定,深知 find out 找出,发现,查明(真相),认识 到,想出,揭发
Depending on
contingent upon 视……而定
anticipate 预期;预定,预见,可以预料 expect 期待,预期,盼望,指望
Ask interrogate end 审问,询问
(2)正式的和非正式的语言比较
Formal & Informal 1)Will attain the age of 18 years.Will be 18 years old 2)Render us more detail.We will institute a mail search.Send us more information.We will ask the post office to send out a tracer.3)We thank you in anticipation of this courtesy and assure you that it will be a pleasure to serve you in a similar manner.Page 5 of 19 4)5)6)7)We shall appreciate your helping us.Let us know when we can return the favor.Inform me of your intentions as to the liquidation(清算)of this balance.Let me know when you can settle this account.Give consideration to a plan.Consider a plan This plan will effect a saving of $10,000.This plan will save $10,000.To effect certain modifications in a procedure contingent upon the concurrence of management.To make certain changes if management agrees.8)The conclusions ascertained from a perusal of the pertinent data(相应的资料)are that a lucrative(有利的)market exists for the product in this vicinity(邻近,附近,接近).The data studied show that the product is in good demand in this area.(3)避免使用不标准的语言水平
不要说
应该说 ain't
isn't, aren't hadn't ought
shouldn’t irregardless
regardless no how
anyway in regard to
regarding can't hardly
can hardly between you and I between you and me where ….at
where
下列是同一内容三种不同语言水平的比较参考:
Formal: Although Item 12 is enumerated(列举)in the repor t, the writer has ascertained(确定,深知)that it is currently not in the organization's inventory(详细目录,存货,财产清册,总量)or in the writer's possession(财产).Informal: Although Item 12 is listed in the report, it's not in our stock now and I don't have it either.Standard: Irregardless of the report that item ain't on our shelves now, and I haven't got it either.二. 叙述得正确
商业书信的内容要叙述得正确,既不要说得不够(Understatement),更不要说得过头(Overstatement)。
Page 6 of 19 [例一] This stove is absolutely the best(or: the very best)on the market.(这种炉子是市场上绝对最好的炉子。)
这句话是用来介绍商品的,但没有具体介绍商品的性能,而是抽象地断定这种炉子是”市场上最好的“。这样介绍商品,不但不能达到推销的目的,反而使人对写信人有”卖狗皮膏药“的感觉。
[改写]
Our model A195 is designed on modern lines and gives, without any increase in fuel consumption, 25% more heat than the older models.So you will agree that it is the outstanding stove for economy of fuel.(我们的A195型炉子是按近代样式设计的,在不增加燃料消耗的情况下,比其他各种旧式炉子温度高25%。所以,你会同意,这是优良的节约燃料的炉子。)
三. 字要正确
日常工作离不开数字。对商业书信中的数字的正确性要特别加以注意,有时”失之毫厘,谬以千里“。甚至引起不同的理解。
(a)”以上“,”以下“,”以前“,”以后“,”从。。到。。“等的表达法
$2 or(and)above(over)
二美元和二美元以上 60 dozen or(and)up(upward, upwards)
60打和60打以上 2% or(and)more
2%和2%以上
an order for 50 gross or upward
50罗或50罗以上的定单 an order for not less than 50 gross
不少于50罗的定单
5% up to 10% inclusive
5%到10%(包括5%和10%)over 5% up to 10% inclusive
5%以上到10%(包括10%)
(b)
from and including today(this date)
从今日起(包括今日)on and from Nov.10;
从11月10日起 on and after Nov.10;
(包括11月10日)as from Nov.10
从毁约之日起
as from the date of the breach
(包括毁约之日)up to $40 inclusive;
到40美元
up to the maximum of $40
(包括40美元)止
up to and including Nov.20
到11月20日止(包括11月20日)
as from the 1st to the 15th of March inclusive;从3月1日到15日 from the 1st to 15th of March both inclusive
(包括1日和15日)
Page 7 of 19 during the period beginning on
从3月1日起到3月30日止 March 1 and ending on March 30,这一期间(包括头尾两天。)both dates inclusive.四. 理解和运用商业术语
一般常用的商业用语用字简洁,意义明确,使用得好,工作进行得顺利,使用得不好,就会引起混乱,误解,甚至产生不必要的纠纷,如:
You ask very short delivery for your order.写信的人原意是说”你们要求赶快交你们的定货。“可是short delivery不是快点交货的意思,而是”短交“的意思,这就用错了商业术语。因此,应该说:
Your require quick(prompt)delivery of your order.五. 合适的写作技巧或方法,以及正确运用其他的六个”C“
(1)非英语国家的人学英语中普遍的弱点之一是不能正确地拼写(spelling)每一个英文字。拼写正确与否是一个很重要的问题。有时,一不小心,拼写错了,会误大事或出笑话。你想买靴子,英文应该是BOOTS,要是拼写成BOATS就变成你想买船了。
怎样才能正确地拼写?最好的办法是读得仔细,注意每个字的正确拼法及字母排列。要注意
音节(syllables)字根(roots)前缀(prefixes)后缀(suffixes)
有人就此写了首打油诗做了个”总结“ I before E Except after C Or when sounded as A As in neighbor or weigh.其基本意思是说除了在字母C之后或是发音是[ei ]之外,通常是I在E之前。现举例说明:
(a)ie [发音i:] achieve,grieve,retrieve 重新得到 believe,niece,shield brief,piece,shriek 尖声叫喊,耸人听闻的报道
chief,pier桥头,siege包围,围城,长期努力,不断袭击;包围,围攻 field,pierce刺穿,刺破,穿透突破,thief fiend魔王,魔鬼,撒旦,relieve,wield挥
Page 8 of 19 fierce凶猛的,猛烈的,reprieve缓刑,暂减,(痛苦,烦恼的)暂缓,yield
(b)ei [发音i:] Ceiling,conceive构思,以为,考虑, deceive欺骗,行骗,perceive察觉,感知,感到,认识到, receive
(c)ei [发音ei] Feint假装, obeisance敬礼,鞠躬, sleigh雪橇 Freight货物,装货, reign, veil inveigh猛烈抨击,痛骂,谩骂, rein, weigh Neighbor, skein
(一)束
(一)群, weight
例外:
either, fiery, foreign, friend, heifer, height, inveigle, leisure, seize, sovereign, weird.又如以ceed, cede,和sede结尾的动词中,只有三个普通的动词以ceed结尾,即:Exceed, proceed 和succeed结尾的,如: acced, concede, intercede调解, precede, recede.名词的复数形式也得注意,否则也要出错。不过如何把名词的单数变成复数还是有规律的。
(a)绝大部分的名词从单数变为复数时,只要在词尾加个”s“就行了。如: hat, hats;acrobat, acrobats;banana, bananas.(b)单数名词的字尾是s, ch, x或z的复数,通常是加es, 如:mass, masses;patch, patches;tax, taxes;buzz, buzzes.(c)以y结尾的y前是辅音字母的单数名词变复数时,把y去掉改为I再加es,如:city, cities; community, communities.(d)以y结尾的y前是元音字母的单数名词变复数时,只要在字尾加s, 如:money, moneys.(e)以o结尾的而o前是元音字母的单数名词,在字尾加s就变为复数,如:radio, radios.(f)以o结尾的而o前是辅音字母的单数名词变成复数时,应加es, 如:
buffaloes, calicoes(印花布,白棉布), cargoes, dominoes(多米诺骨牌), echoes, embargoes, heroes, jingoes, mosquitoes, mottoes(mottos), mulattoes, potatoes, tomatoes, tornadoes, torpedoes, volcanoes.但有例外如:
banjos, bolos, cantos, contraltos, dynamos, gigolos, octaves, pianos, quartos, silos, solos, sopranos, zeros.(g)绝大多数以f结尾的名词,从单数变为复数时,把f换成v再加上es,如:half, halves, scarf, scarves(or : scarfs);self, selves;sheaf, sheaves;thief, thieves;wolf, wolves.但有例外如:
beliefs, chiefs, dwarfs, griefs, handkerchiefs, hoofs, mischiefs, roofs, staffs(h)专有名词一般在字尾加s,构成复数,但以ch, s, x或z结尾的专有名词,则要加
Page 9 of 19 es如:
the Kellys, the six Marys, the Finleys, the Harrises, the Foxes, the Heinzes.(i)字母,数字,记号或其他作这种用途的字的复数形式是在字尾加”s“,如:three m's;two 2's;if's and and's.(j)某些外来字还保留其原来的复数形式: agendum------agenda
focus----------foci alumna-------alumnae
locus----------loci alumnus------alumni
hypothesis-----hypotheses analysis-----analyses
larva----------larvae axis---------axes
parenthesis----parenteses bacterium----bacteria
phenomenon-----phenomena basis--------bases
radius---------radii chassis------chassis
stratum--------strata crisis-------crises
tableau--------tableaux datum--------data
thesis---------theses
复合名词的复数通常是其中的主要字用复数形式,如:
Fathers-in-law;hangers-on;passers-by;by-standers;solicitors general;attorneys general(or: attorney generals);major generals;Knights Templar.但也有都用复数形式的,如:
Manservant, menservants;woman-servant, women-servants
以上例子说明,英语的拼写是有一定规律的,只是多加注意,便可以逐渐掌握其规律。但是,任何规律都有其相对的例外,这就需要特别下工夫。
有人把这些不规则的内容编了一首打油诗,现转录下来,供参考。
We'll begin with a box and the plural is boxes, But the plural of ox should be oxen not oxes.Then one fowl is a goose but two are called geese, Yet the plural of mouse should never be meese.You may find a lone mouse or a whole set of mice, But the plural of house is houses not hice, If the plural of man is always called men, Shouldn't the plural o a pan be called pen? If I speak of a foot and you show me your feet, And I give you a boot would a pare be called beet? If one is a tooth and whole set are teeth, Why should not the plural of booth be called beeth? Then one may be that and three would be those, Yet hat in that plural wouldn't be hose.And the plural of cat is cats and not cose.We speak of a brother and also of brethren,Page 10 of 19 But though we say Mother we never say Methren, Then the masculine pronouns are he, his, and him, But imagine the feminine, she, shis, and shim.So English I fancy, you all will agree, Is the funniest language you ever did see.(2)正确使用大写(Capital Letter)
一般在每一句,每一个直接引语,每一行诗的第一个字要大写,人的称呼或头衔,书名等要大写,专有名词要大写,月名,星期几要大写,代词I要大写。这是使用英语必须具备的起码的知识。因此,大写使用的正确与否,也是英语水平问题。
除了上述一般大写规律以外,在商业书信英语中的大写,还有其本身的特点,现说明于下:
(A)North, South, East, West
这四个字作为一般方向用时小写,但是当它们作为一个地理概念表示北方地区,南方地区,东方地区,西方地区,或专有的地名联用时,就必须大写。
[例]Cotton is the principal crop in the South;it is also grown extensively in the Southwest and in the Southern California
(棉花是南部各州的重要作物,西南各州和加利福尼亚南部也广泛种植。)
(B)商品名称
从语法上讲,一般的商品名称(非专有名词)没有必要大写。在商业书信中为了强调()或要促使对方注意,商品名称常常大写。
[例]We have seen your advertisement in the ”Textile World“ and should be glad if you would send us patterns of Ladies' Woolens with your best terms.(我们看到你们在”织物界“杂志上的广告,请寄妇女用毛织物样本并告最优惠的价格条件。)
(C)文件名称
[例]we have quoted our best terms on the enclosed Price List.(我们已随函寄送价目表报最优惠价格条件。)
(D)公司,团体,城市名称省略时大写
[例]The Company will pay you $100 annuity.该公司将付给你年金100美圆。
(E)职务名称
[例]There is enclosed a letter from Mr.H.A.Anderson, President, National City Bank of New York.Page 11 of 19
(同函附上花旗银行行长安得逊先生所写书信一封。)
(F)船名
[例] We have shipped the goods by the m.v.”London Maru“ of OSK.(货已由大阪轮船公司的”伦敦丸“轮装运。
商业信函的书写原则(4)Conciseness
”简洁“是有客观标准的。虽然西方国家的作者之间在怎样用词才算”简洁“方面还是有争论的,不过他们的一些看法还是有一定参考价值的。
现在把他们所做的某些词句的”不简洁“的比较列在下面做参考:
不简洁
简洁
enclosed herewith enclosed
enclosed you will find enclosed is please don't hesitate to call upon us
please write us please feel free to write prior to
please write before this is to advise you(five wasted words)under separate cover
separately a long period of time
a long time continuous and uninterrupted
continuous(or uninterrupted)during the year of 1971
during 1971 endorse on the back of this check
endorse this check for a price of $300
for $300 grateful and appreciative
grateful(or: appreciative)immediately and at once
immediately(or: at once)in(for)the moment of $400
For $400 in the city of Chicago
in Chicago according to our records
we find at this time
now due to the fact that
because during the time that
while for the purpose of
for, to for the reason that
since(or;because)
下面是某些作者认为”应该用“和”不应该用“的:
不应该用
应该用
Averting to your favor
Referring to your letter
Page 12 of 19 The writer wishes to acknowledge
Thank you for your letter We are in receipt of
We have received We beg to acknowledge
We have to acknowledge We beg to inform you
We are writing to inform you We beg to thank you
We thank you Your letter to hand
We have received your letter
怎样才能使商业书信”简洁“? 西方国家作者有很多建议,先介绍如下:
(一)避免使用陈旧的商业术语
陈旧的与传统的商业术语(Commercial jargon)对信的内容没有什么作用,应该避免使用。
例一:
Wordy: We wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter of November 14 with the check for Stg.10 enclosed and wish to thank you for same.Concise: We appreciate your letter of November 14 and the check for Stg.10 you sent with it.例二:
Wordy: We take liberty to approach you with the request that you would be kind enough to introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your cities.Would you please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city?
Concise:(a)Please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city.(b)Would you please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city?
(注:此类简洁的表达方式很多。)
(二)要长话短说,避免罗嗦
通常商业人士每天需要阅读大量的书信,对开门见山,长话短说,直接切题的信特别欢迎。因此,写信要力求长话短说,例如:
不要写:Please see that an enquiry is conducted to determine the reason.应写作:Please find out the reason.Page 13 of 19 不要写:We express our regret at being unable to fulfill your order on this occasion.应写作:We are sorry we cannot meet your present order.要使用简洁的语言,有可能的话,尽量使用单词来代替某些娇柔做作的短语如:
Will you be good enough to-----------------------------Please Come to a decision---------decide Express a preference for--prefer For the reason that---------because
删去不必要的形容词,如下列句子中的形容词或副词删去后并不影响句子的原意:
The proposal is under(active)consideration.The answer is(definitely)correct.I would(rather)think the fare is too high.The(true)facts are as stated
(三)要注意每句句子的长短
例如:
”We would like to know whether you would allow us to extend the time of shipment for twenty days, and if you would be so kind as to allow us to do so, kindly give us your reply by cable without delay.“
这句话过分”客气“,使句子过长而不清楚。内容要求对方同意延期交货20天,一般情况下,应尽可能提出延期到那一天的具体日期。这句话可压缩为:
”Please reply by telegram immediately if you will allow us to delay the shipment until April 21.“(如同意我们把交货延期到四月二十一日,请电复。)
有的作者为了使人们记住避免使用陈旧的商业术语,专门选择了一些他认为陈旧的商业术语搞成一首诗:
We beg to advice and wish to state That yours has arrived of recent date.We have it before us, its contents noted;Herewith enclosed are the prices we quoted.Attached please find, as per your request, The data you wanted;and not let us suggest Your order be sent, and not held unduly, We beg to remain, yours most truly.Page 14 of 19
商业信函的书写原则(5)Courtesy
COURTESY译成”礼貌“。但是根据西方国家函电书籍作者普遍的看法,所谓COURTESY是”客气而又体谅人“的意思。有的作者还把 COURTESY和POLITENESS这两个同义词做了比较,认为:POLITENESS的客气只是表现在文章的语句上,而COURTESY则表现在对对方的”体谅“,例如:
[POLITE]
a)We have received with many thanks your letter of Oct.7, and we take the pleasure of sending you latest catalog.We wish to draw your attention to a special offer, which we have made in it.[COURTESY] b)You will be particularly interested in a special offer on page 5 of the latest catalog enclosed, which you requested in your letter of Oct.7.不要写
建议写
You ought to ……
Perhaps you could……
Your letter is not clear at all;I can't understand it.If I understand your letter correctly...Obviously, if you'd read your policy carefully, You'd be able to answer these questions yourself.Sometimes policy wording is a little hard to understand.I'm glad to clear up these questions for you.怎样通过各种语言形式来表达COURTESY呢? 这样的形式很多,现在提供一些常见的供参考:
(一)把命令变成请求的常用形式:
Please, Will you…...Will you please…...如:
a)Will you give us more detailed information on your requirement? b)Will you please(kindly)let us hear from you on these two points?
(二)虚拟式(Past Subjunctive From)如:
a)Would you compare our sample with the goods of other firms? b)We would ask you to ship the goods by the first available vessel.c)We wish you would let us have your reply soon.d)This would seem to confirm our opinion.e)We should be grateful if you would help us with your suggestion.f)We think if advisable that you should accept this offer at this price.g)We should(would)like you to let us know the exact amount.h)Perhaps you might like to have a look at the actual goods.Page 15 of 19 i)We might be of some service to you in a similar case.以上的b, f, g, 也可用 will, shall, may, 但是用Past Subjunctive Form则表示更客气和婉转些。
(三)缓和用法(Mitigation)
为了缓和过分强调或刺激对方,常用: We are afraid, we would say, we may(or, might)say, we(would)think, it seems(or would seem)to us, we(would)suggest, as you are(or: may be)aware, as we need hardly point out等等表达法来缓和语气,如:
a)It was unwise of you to have done that.We would say that it was unwise of you to have done that.b)You ought to have done it.It seems to us that you ought to have done it.c)We cannot comply with your request.We are afraid we cannot comply with your request.d)Our products are the very best on the market.We might say that our products are the very best on the market.e)You must keep the matter to yourselves.You must, we would add, keep the matter to yourselves.f)You must cut off your order in half
We would suggest that you cut your order in half.g)We have not yet had your reply.It appears that we have not yet had your reply.(四)运用被动语气
有时,运用被动语气,比主动语气客气,如:
a)You made a very careless mistake.A very careless mistake was made b)You did not enclose the check with your order.The check was not enclosed with your order.c)For the past two years, you did not give us any order.For the past two years, no order has been given us.Or:
For the past two years, no business has been materialized between us.(五)避免(或力争避免)使用语气强烈或容易引起不快的词汇
a)We demand immediate payment from you
demand的意思是ask for(sth)as if ordering, or as if one has a right to, 即带有命令意味的Page 16 of 19 要求。非不得已,应尽可能避免使用demand而改用request 如:
We request your immediate payment.b)We are disgusted with your manner of doing business.disguste 意味hate而且有strong feeling of dislike or distasted, 既”厌恶“的意思,因此,还是婉转或含蓄一些为宜,如:
We are not completely satisfied with your manner of doing business.c)We must refuse your offer.Must……带有威胁性的意味(minatory tone),不如改为:
We regret that we are unable to accept your offer.Or: We regret that we are not in a position to accept your offer.d)We want you to assist us
带有傲慢或长者的口吻(superior tone),不如改为:
Your assistance would be appreciated.(六)使用高兴,遗憾,感谢等词汇及表达法
(1)We have pleasure of-ing…….We have pleasure in-ing…….It is with pleasure that we do so It gives us(great, much)pleasure to do so We are pleased for us to do so It's a pleasure for us to do so.We are glad(or: delighted)that you do so We shall gladly do so We shall feel happy if you will do so We are happy to do so
(2)表示感谢的表达法有:
We are(very, most)appreciative of your doing so We are gratified to learn that you do so We shall be(or: feel)obliged by your doing so We shall be obliged if you will do so You will oblige us by doing so
Page 17 of 19 We shall be grateful to you if you will do so We shall appreciate your doing so We shall appreciate it if you will do so We shall thank you to do so It will be appreciated if…….We are thankful that you do so
(3)表示遗憾的表达法有:
It is a matter for regret that we cannot do so It is with regret that we must do so We express our regret at-ing…..To our regret we cannot do so It is regrettable that we must do so We regret that we cannot do so We regret to do so It is to be regretted that you do so We are regretful that we must do so It is a pity that you cannot do so We are sorry we cannot do so We are sorry to do so
注:以上的表达法只是常用的一部分。
写信要做到COURTESY,但要注意
(1)不要使用已经过时的毫无意义的老套子,如:
our esteemed clients;your esteemed letter;your respectable house;your good self(or good selves);your valued order;your esteemed reply等等
(2)要分清”礼貌“与”卑恭“的界限,如:
(a)We are extremely and sincerely sorry for the error and ask that you accept our humble and sincere apology for the undue inconvenience suffered by you.b)We beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter dated 11th December.b)We beg to enclose herewith our invoice.这三例不是”礼貌“,而是”卑恭“。写商业书信既不要盛气凌人,也没有必要低三下四,更应该注意在商业信中把we beg一类的表达法完全去掉。
Page 18 of 19 以上三例可考虑改为:
a)We are concerned about the inconvenience you have suffered, and apologize sincerely.b)We have received your letter on Dec.11.c)We enclose(herewith)our Invoice.Or: We are pleased to enclose our Invoice.商业信函的书写原则(6)Consideration
CONSIDERATION(体谅),就是顾及他人的要求,愿望,感情等等。现在西方国家的商人强调”多为顾客着想“。
不少西方国家的作者,非常重视写信的态度问题,他们认为”体谅“就是采取收信人的态度”(YOUR ATTITUDE),就是写信时要“目中有人”,要把收信人放在心上,考虑他的愿望,问题,背景,感情和对此信所可能做出的反应等等,然后从“他”的观点出发来处理事情。
有人还这样说:“要记住b-u-s-i-n-e-s-s(业务,买卖)这个字里有U和I,但U(与YOU同音)在I之前。这是你要记住的次序。”
“Remember that the word b-u-s-i-n-e-s-s contains both U and I, but the U comes before the I.This is a good sequence for you to remember
与”收信人的态度“(We attitude)相反的是”写信人的态度“(you attitude),也就是一切 事情都是从写信人或是他所代表的单位的立场出发看问题和处理问题。现举例比较如下:
”We attitude“
”You attitude" We allow 2 percent discount for cash payment
You earn 2 percent discount when you pay cash(如付现款,我们给九八折。)
(您付现款时,可打九八折。)
We are pleased to announce that …………
You will be pleased to know that…………
(我们高兴地宣布。。)
(你们将愉快地得知。。)We want you to do it.You will no doubt do it(我们要你们这样做。)
(毫无疑问,你们将这样做。)
We follow this policy, because …….You will benefit from this policy, because…..(我们遵循这个政策,因为。。)
(你们将从这个政策中得益,因为。。)We sold 4,000 doz.Handkerchiefs of this description last month.(上个月我们卖出4000打这种规格的手绢。)
You and other importers like you bought 4,000 doz.Handkerchiefs of this description last month.(上个月你们和其他同行进口商买进了4000打这种规格的手绢。)
Page 19 of 19
第二篇:商务函电写作规范
商务函电写作规范
商务函电的作用,一是索取信息或传递信息,二是处理商务交流中有关事宜,三是联络与沟通感情。
商务函电的写作应掌握7c原则,即:
完整(complete)
正确(correctness)
清楚(clearness)
简洁(concreteness)
具体(concreteness)
礼貌(courtesy)
体谅(consideration)
完整:商务函电应完整表达所要表达内容和意思,何人、何时、何地、何事、何种原因、何种方式等。
正确:表达的用词用语及标点符号应正确无误,因为商务函电的内容大多涉及商业交往中双方的权利、义务以及利害关系,如果出错势必会造成不必要的麻烦。
清楚:所有的词句都应能够非常清晰明确地表现真实的意图,避免双重意义的表示或者模棱两可。用最简单普通的词句来直截了当地告诉对方。
简洁:在无损于礼貌的前提下,用尽可能少的文字清楚表达真实的意思。清楚和简洁经常相辅相成,摒弃函电中的陈词滥调和俗套,可以使交流变得更加容易和方便。而一事一段则会使函电清楚易读和富有吸引力。
具体:内容当然要具体而且明确,尤其是要求对方答复或者对之后的交往产生影响的函电。
礼貌:文字表达的语气上应表现出一个人的职业修养,客气而且得体。最重要的礼貌是及时回复对方,最感人的礼貌是从不怀疑甚至计较对方的坦诚。商务交往中肯定会发生意见分歧,但礼貌和沟通可能化解分歧而不影响双方的良好关系。
体谅:为对方着想,这也是拟定商务函电时一直强调的原则:站在对方立场。在起草商务函电时,始终应该以对方的观点来看问题,根据对方的思维方式来表达自己的意思,只有这样,与对方的沟通才会有成效。
商务函电的种类包括:商洽函、询问函、答复函、请求函、告知函、联系函。从商务函
电的具体使用功能来讲,又可分为:来函处理答复函、订货函、任命函、祝贺函、感谢函、介绍函、邀请函、联络函、致歉函、慰问函、唁函、推销函。
第三篇:外贸函电:德语商务信函写作范本(定稿)
1.0 einleitung eine firma, die im ausland abnehmer oder lieferanten, vertreter oder vertretungen, lizenznehmer oder lizenzgeber, kooperationspartner oder andere geschäftliche verbindungen sucht, muss zunächst einmal die namen und adressen potentieller geschäftspartner feststellen.zu diesem zweck bittet sie z.b.eine ausländische handelskammer, eine betreffende bank oder einen anderen vermittler im ausland um nachweis geeigneter unternehmen.die kontaktsuchende firma kann sich auch an eine ausländische handelsförderungsstelle oder offizielle vertretung(das konsulat oder die botschaft)wenden, die im eigenen land ansässig ist.dadurch kann man den geeigneten partner finden, und dann einen direkten kontakt mit ihm aufnehmen.1.1 musterbrief firmennachweis sehr geehrte damen und herren,als hersteller von damenkostümen haben wir laufend bedarf an baumwollstoffen.wir möchten nun auch von chinesischen textilfabriken angebote einholen und bitten sie deshalb, uns die namen und anschriften(mit e-mails oder internet-adressen)einiger zuverlässiger firmen in dieser branche mitzuteilen.für ihre mühe vielen dank im voraus.mit freundlichen grüben
anrede 1.4.0
vorstellung des eigenen unternehmens 1.4.1
xiexiebang.com范文网(FANWEN.CHAZIDIAN.COM)
bitte um hilfe und dank dafür 1.4.3
grub 1.4.0
1.3 schreibvarianten 1.3.1(bitte um die web-seiten der geschäftspartner)
bitte um nachweis geeigneter geschäftspartner
sehr geehrte damen und herren, wir sind hersteller von spezialmaschinen für die holzbearbeitung und möchten gerne mit firmen in china in verbindung treten, die bedarf an solchen maschinen haben.um ihnen einen überblick über unser fertigungsprogramm zu geben, legen wir einige prospekte bei.wir sind seit über 50 jahren auf die herstellung von holzbearbeitungsmaschinen spezialisiert und verfügen über grobe erfahrung auf diesem gebiet.wir wären ihnen sehr dankbar, wenn sie uns die web-seiten einiger chinesischen firmen nennen könnten, die sich eventuell für unsere erzeugnisse interessieren.wir werden dann ihre homepages besuchen und direkt mit diesen firmen in verbindung treten.mit freundlichen grüben
bitte um adressen
sehr geehrte damen und herren, wir suchen lieferanten von brauerei-und mälzereigeräten.bitte nennen sie uns namen und adressen(mit telefon-und fax-nr.oder e-mail und internet-adresse)von firmen in ihrem kammerbezirk, die solche geräte herstellen.mit freundlichen grüben
1.3.3(bitte an betrffende behörde um nachweis)
bitte um nachweis
sehr geehrter herr präsident, zum einkauf von bambusstühlen und-tischen für biergärten brauchen wir die anschriften von herstellern und exporteuren für bambusprodukte.würden sie uns dabei bitte behilflich sein?
die korbmöbel, die wir bisher zu unserem zweck aus indonesien bezogen haben, sind für die benutzung im freien nicht ganz geeignet und daher auch für uns zu teuer.die haltbarkeit in der natur und die günstigen preise der bambusmöbel könnten für uns der ausweg und für die hersteller in ihrer region ein gutes geschäft sein.wir wären ihnen sehr dankbar, wenn sie uns einige namhafte firmen in ihrer region nennen könnten, die sich auf diese artikel spezialisiert haben.im voraus herzlichen dank für ihre bemühungen.mit freundlichen grüben
1.4 bausteine für pc-texterstellung 1.4.0(anrede u.grub)
a.sehr geehrte damen und herren,mit freundlichen grüben
mit freundlichem grub
freundliche grübe aus...b.sehr geehrte frau …,mit freundlichen grüben
mit freundlichem grub
freundliche grübe aus...c.sehr geehrter herr …,mit freundlichen grüben
mit freundlichem grub
freundliche grübe aus...d.liebe frau …,mit herzlichen grüben
herzliche grübe
mit den besten grüben
mit bestem grub
e.lieber herr …,mit herzlichen grüben
herzliche grübe
mit den besten grüben
mit bestem grub
1.4.1(vorstellung des eigenen unternehmens)
a.wir stellen erstklassige...her.b.wir sind hersteller von spezialmaschienen für...c.als hersteller von...haben wir laufend bedarf an....d.unser haus, das bereits seit über...jahren besteht, ist einer der führenden importeure von...e.wir sind ein gut eingeführtes unternehmen der...(metallwaren)branche.f.unsere firma zählt zu den mittelständischen unternehmen in der...-branche, und wir liefern seit...jahren in gröberem umfang an firmen in deutschland.g.wir zählen zu den ältesten herstellern von...und exportieren seit vielen jahren mit ständig steigendem absatz in viele länder.h.wir sind seit über...jahren auf die herstellung von...spezialisiert, und verfügen über grobe erfahrung auf diesem gebiet.i.der deutsche markt für...ist so wichtig geworden, dass wir sie in diesem zusammenhang um eine gefälligkeit bitten möchten.j.um ihnen einen überblick über unser fertigungsprogramm zu geben,legen wir einige prospekte bei.k.…, um informationen über unsere firma zu erhalten, buchen sie bitte unsere homepage(http: www…)
l.wir wenden uns an sie, weil sie uns als anerkannter importeur in diesem gebiet empfohlen worden sind.(für einkaufen)
a.wir möchten nun auch von...fabriken ihres landes angebote einholen.b.wir suchen lieferanten von...und....c.wir möchten nun auch...einführen.d.wir suchen kontakt zu herstellern von...(naturkosmetika).e.für den einkauf von...brauchen wir die anschriften von herstellern und exporteuren.würden sie uns dabei bitte behilflich sein?
f.für dieses projekt suchen wir anbieter, die einschlägige erfahrungen haben und gute referenzen vorweisen können.(für verkaufen)
g.… und suchen partner, die unsere produkte importieren und vertreiben möchten.h.wir suchen importeure, die daran interessiert wären, den vertrieb unserer erzeugnisse zu übernehmen.i....und suchen nun abnehmer für unsere erzeugnisse.j....und möchten gerne mit firmen ihres landes in verbindung treten, die bedarf an solchen...haben.k.wir suchen leistungsfähige firmen, die bereit wären, unsere vertretung in deutschland zu übernehmen.l.wir suchen eine firma, die in der lage ist, unsere erzeugnisse auf dem deutschen markt einzuführen.(für sonstige)
m.wir sind an einer kooperation mit deutschen unternehmen interessiert, die im bereich...tätig sind.n.wir möchten gerne mit einem hersteller von...kontakt aufnehmen, der einen vertreter in der volksrepublik china sucht.o.wir suchen eine deutsche firma, die unsere erzeugnisse in lizenz herstellen möchte.p.wir sind daran interessiert, lizenzen für innovative produkte im bereich umweltschutz zu erwerben.q.wir suchen geschäftspartner für ein joint venture zur herstellung von....r.für hamburg würden wir gern einen provisionsvertreter ernennen, um mit der kundschaft in engeren kontakt zu kommen und unsere geschäftsbeziehungen so weiter auszubauen.1.4.3(bitte um hilfe und dank dafür)
a.bitte nennen sie uns namen und adressen(mit telefon-, und faxnr.sowie e-mail)von firmen in ihrem kammerbezirk, die solche...herstellen.b.wir bitten sie deshalb, uns die namen und anschriften einiger zuverlässiger firmen in dieser branche mitzuteilen.c.wir wären ihnen sehr dankbar, wenn sie uns deutsche firmen nennen könnten, die sich eventuell für unsere erzeugnisse interessieren.d.wir wären ihnen sehr dankbar, wenn sie uns geeignete firmen nennen könnten.e.wir wären ihnen sehr dankbar, wenn sie uns helfen könnten, mit unternehmen, die die genannten
f.voraussetzungen erfüllen, in verbindung zu treten.g.wir wären ihnen dankbar, wenn sie ihre mitgliedsfirmen auf unser angebot aufmerksam machen könnten.h.vieleicht wäre es ihnen möglich, unsere anfrage in ihrem mitteilungsblatt zu veröffentlichen.i.wir wären ihnen sehr dankbar, wenn sie uns einige namhafte firmen in ihrem bereich nennen könnten, die sich auf diese artikel spezialisiert haben.j.wir werden uns dann direkt an diese firmen wenden.k.die firmenanschriften können uns per fax oder e-mail gesendet werden.l.können sie uns behilflich sein?
m.wir würden uns freuen, bald von ihnen zu hören.n.für ihre mühe vielen dank im voraus.o.im voraus herzlichen dank für ihre bemühungen.p.im voraus vielen dank für ihre antwort.q.wir fügen einen internationalen rückantwortcoupon bei und erwarten ihre baldige antwort.
第四篇:商务函电范例
一、建立业务关系
(一)找经销商
Hi Sir, Glad to hear that you're on the market for fiberglass.We specialize in this field for several years, with the strength of chopped strand mat and stitch chopped strand mat, with good quality and pretty competitive price.Should you have any questions, pls do not hesitate to contact me.FREE SAMPLES will be sent for your evaluation!Tks&br, Jack **** company Tel: *** Fax: *** Mail: *** Website: ******
(二)找供应商(附带询价)找供应商(附带询价)
Dear Sirs:
We learn from Thomas H.Pennie of New York that you are producing hand-made gloves in a variety of artificial leathers.There is a steady demand here for gloves of high quality at moderate prices.Will you please send me a copy of your glove catalogue, with details of your prices and terms of payment.I should find it most helpful if you could also supply samples of these gloves.Yours faithfully,Tony Smith Chief Buyer
二、发送商品明细 Dear Mr.Lee, Very glad to see you in the Caton Fair yesterday!Concerning your inquired item #TD-JIC 2685, please find our offer as follows.Also attached the quote sheet in detail for your review.Item: 200W Power Inverter Article No.: TD-JIC 2685 Specification: Could power a variety of electronic products with safe operation Certificate & testing report: ETL Packaging: Color box Packaging size: 15.8’’*7.8’’*2.4’’ Weight:1.8lbs Samples could be prepared in 5 wording days.Please help to send me your address in detal with courier account, if you would like to evaluate the samples.We look forward to your reply soon!Best regards, Hugo
亲爱的李先生,很高兴昨天在卡顿公平见到你!关于你询问项目# TD-JIC 2685,请查收我们如下的报价。另附详细报价表作为参考。
项目:200 w功率变换器 货号:TD-JIC 2685 规范:权力与安全运行各种各样的电子产品 证书和测试报告:ETL 包装:彩盒
包装尺寸:15.8”* 7.8”* 2.4” 重量:1.8磅
样品可以在5个工作日内准备好。如果你想评估样品,请给我你的地址与快递detal帐户。我们期待你尽快回复!
最好的问候, 雨果
三、详细报价 Dear Clair,This is Kerry from ABC Trading Inc.According to your inquiry of grease gun, I was wondering if you could accept our price USD 5.65/pc.Per our conversation on HK fair, the estimate USD 5.30/pc was based on the simple packaging of poly bag with sticker, not the color box as you confirmed finally.Enclosed please find the instruction manual, die-cut of color box and offer sheet.Your prompt reply will be greatly appreciated!
Regards, Kerry Hu
四、讨价还价
案例一
Dear Clair, I’m so sorry that we couldn’t meet your target of USD 5.30/pc with color box!(拒绝对方报价)As I mentioned in my previous mail, our price was based on the different packaging method.Anyway, we could reduce our margin to establish our business.Our final price is USD 5.50 with a color box, and 5.20 with a poly bag.If you’d like to do promotion for this item(代替产品本身的名称), we suggest you confirm the poly bag instead.According to our experience, other customers mainly use this simple packaging for EU market.(介绍低价产品)Please help to check with buyer and advise the comments.Best regards, Kerry Hu
案例二
Dear Herbert,Your target price shocked me!To be candid with you, it is difficult to do this price due to the details strictly.Please find our suggestions as below.1)USD1.20/pc, SAME AS YOUR TARGET, but shortening the length to 90mm, and the thickness 0.8mm.The weight will be 65g instead.2)USD1.37/pc, holding everything, but without CE & ROHS.As you know, flashlight is the low voltage items, and CE/ROHS is NOT A MUST in Europe.3)USD1.53/pc, changing the size and thickness of clamshell and keeping others as usual.Pls find the die-cut with printproof in attachment.Please kindly check and confirm at your earlist.Rgds, C
请客户支付样品费用
Dear Clair,Greetings!Glad to get your approval for our final samples.Just following up to let you know that we do the new samples strictly according to your logo printing, but please pay for the film charge USD 300 by your side.After order placed, you could deduct this cost when balancing the payment.Enclosed please find our bank account file.Please advise your opinion.Thank you!Best regards, Kerry Hu
询问到付账号
Hi Clair, Samples were just completed, and passed our internal inspection.Please check the photos in attachment.Would like us to send them to you? Which express company do you prefer?Please advise your courier account.Thank you!Best regards, Kerry Hu
确定价格
Dear Clair, Very glad to hear that you confirmed the price of USD 5.2/pc.It is our pleasure to be on service of you about the 7500 pcs trial order.Please find the PI in attachment, with unit price, packaging, carton info, deliver time, payment terms, etc.if no additional questions, kindly sign and stamp it and send me back.As soon as we receive the confirmed PI, we’ll do the final sampling at once.Any other questions, please let me know.Best regards, Kerry Hu
催客户付款
Dear Stanislav, All the gazebos you ordered were shipped last Thursday.Attached you can find the invoice, packinglist and copy of B/L.The ETA is August 1st,to St.Petersburg.Please help to settle the rest payment USD 7000 to our bank account soon.Thanks &best regards, Liu wei
Dear Ali,I’m sorry to inform you that we haven’t received your payment.Could you kindly re-check it? Please also send us the bank receipt for record.Thank you!Regards, Belinda Xie
(by 李丽婷)Dear Sirs, As our account still shows there is a balance of USD 7000 you owe for order XL-173, we are wondering if there are some special reasons.We hope you can arrange the payment soon.Look forward to your good news.告诉客户收到付款 Dear Sharon, Nice day!We have received the payment for the shipped 3 orders.Thank you very much for your support and trust.We’re immensely delighted to get these projects!Hope we could expand our current business in the near future.Yours, Sisley
Dear Mr.Jackson, Thank you for the L/C draft for order #DJ-199.Please find our comments with highlighter yellow below.1.Delivery time: Please extend to May 30th.2.Payment terms: Please change BY ACCEPTANCE 60 DAYS FROM CARGO RECEIPT DATE into 30DAYS, the same as our previous order.Others are OK.Please help to amend them and open the original L/C.Best regards, Alvin Sun
Dear Coco, Please find the discrepancy below mentioned by our bank.1.Quantity 6000 pcs was mentioned in L/C, but we could only shipped 5820 pcs for one 40’ container.The rest 180 pcs will be delivered next time with PO#219.2.The destination port was changed to Amsterdam, not Hamburg.The 2 Issues above were already approved by your shipping colleague.Please help to check and give JP Morgan your acceptation, and we could get the payment soon.Thanks, Aaron
第五篇:商务函电常用语
商务函电常用语——感谢
【wtojob.com 外贸外语人才门户-世贸人才网 2011-07-14】 【字体:放大 缩小】
无论你是写信给客户,给经理或是同事,你都一定要感谢他们。每个人都喜欢被感谢,那就在你的信对读者表示感谢,感谢他们所做的事情,还可以事先感谢他们将要为你做的事!你会发现将真诚表达在你的字里行间会让你受益匪浅。
邮件的开头
感谢读者是邮件开场白的好办法。感谢您的读者能让对方感到高兴,特别是之后你有事相求的情况下会很有帮助。
Thank you for contacting us.如果有人写信来询问公司的服务,就可以使用这句句子开头。向他们对公司的兴趣表示感谢。
Thank you for your prompt reply.当一个客户或是同事很快就回复了你的邮件,一定记得要感谢他们。如果回复并不及时,只要将“prompt”除去即可,你还可以说,“Thank you for getting back to me.”
Thank you for providing the requested information.如果你询问某人一些信息,他们花了点时间才发送给你,那就用这句句子表示你仍然对他们的付出表示感激。
Thank you for all your assistance.如果有人给了你特别的帮助,那一定要感谢他们!如果你想对他们表示特别的感激,就用这个句子,“I truly appreciate „ your help in resolving the problem.”
Thank you raising your concerns.就算某个客户或是经理写邮件给你对你的工作提出了一定的质疑,你还是要感谢他们。这样你能表现出你对他们的认真态度表示尊重及感激。同时,你也可以使用,“Thank you for your feedback.”
在邮件的结尾
在邮件开头表示感谢一般是表示对对方过去付出的感谢,而在邮件结尾处表示感谢是对将来的帮助表示感谢。事先表示感谢,能让对方在行动时更主动更乐意。
Thank you for your kind cooperation.如果你需要读者帮助你做某事,那就先得表示感谢。
Thank you for your attention to this matter.与以上的类似,本句包含了你对对方将来可能的帮助表示感谢。
Thank you for your understanding.如果你写到任何会对读者产生负面影响的内容那就使用这句句子吧。
Thank you for your consideration.如果您是在寻求机会或是福利,例如你在 求职 的话,就用这封邮件结尾。
Thank you again for everything you'e done.这句句子可以用在结尾,和以上有所不同。如果你在邮件开头已经谢过了读者,你就可以使用这句话,但是因为他们的帮助,你可以着重再次感谢你们的付出。
如何给客户写价格让步回信 January 2007
Kee & Co., Ltd
Regent Street
London, UK
Dear Sirs:
Thank you for your letter of 20 January 2007.We are disappointed to hear that our price for Flame cigarette lighters is too high for you to work on.You mention that Japanese goods are being offered to you at a price approximately 10% lower than that quoted by us.We accept what you say, but we are of the opinion that the quality of the other makes does not measure up to that of our products.Although we are keen to do business with you, we regret that we cannot accept your counter offer or even meet you half way.The best we can do is to reduce our previous quotation by 2%.We trust that this will meet with your approval.We look forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfully,Tony Smith Chief Seller
参考译文
先生:
二零零七年元月二十日来函收到,不胜感激。得知贵公司认为火焰牌打火机价格过高,无利可图,本公司极感遗憾。来函又提及日本同类货品报价较其低近百分之十。
本公司认同来函的说法,然而,其他厂商的产品质量绝对不能与本公司的相提并论。
虽然极望与贵公司交易,但该还盘较本公司报价相差极大,故未能接受贵公司 定单。
特此调整报价,降价百分之二,祈盼贵公司满意。
谨候佳音。
销售部主任
托尼.斯密思谨上
2007年1月20日
英文促销信写作指南
促销的目的就是要卖出产品,那么怎样才能把促销信写得吸引人、让人一看就对产品感兴趣呢?下面就教你促销信的四步写法、打造 very attractive 的促销信。
第一步:To arouse attention
促销信都是“不请自来”,所以开头一定要有吸引力和诱惑力。It must make an appeal to some particular buying motive and may begin with a question, and instruction, a quotation or an attention-grabing short story.Sometimes if required, it may even begin by suggesting the very opposite to what you want.看看下面这些开头是怎么写的:
1)Would you like to reduce your rising domestic fuel costs?
2)Why not enjoy the colorful spring by joining the flying Horse Tourist Group after a completely busy winter?
3)Just imagine how comfortable you are when you stretch out those tired limbs on our newly developed White Cloud water bed.第二步:To create interest and desire
一旦抓住了读者的注意力,就该趁热打铁劝服他们买自己的产品。介绍产品必须要紧紧围绕你在信的开头所提出的引人之处。光说“最好”、“最新”是没什么实际意义的。应该强调特性、质量、原材料,以及和同类产品相比最出彩的地方。我们且看下面这个产品介绍是如何写的:
Our recent researches and tests have showed that rooms with our newly developed Energy Savers stay warmer and require 20 percent less fuel than those rooms of the same size without the usage of the savers.The new savers are popular because they are able to store and reflect heat in a much more efficient way.Read the enclosed brochure, you will find that the self-stick backing makes them easy to install yourself.第三步:To offer conviction
通过产品介绍引起读者的购买欲望后,就该进一步加强读者购买的决心。你可以详细说明并保证产品会给读者带来许诺的好处。且看下面这段内容是如何吸引客户的:
1)Use our Fast Microwave Oven for two weeks absolutely free.2)If for any reasons you find the model machine unsuitable to your needs, we will replace your order or refund you.第四步:To motivate actions
到了这一步,所有的努力都指向一个目标:促使客户采取行动、购买产品。这时语气要礼貌坚决,并提供给客户如何购买产品的指示,以方便客户购买。下面是一些常用的策略:
1)Why wait? Come and buy right now since a special discount of 15% will only be offered for a month.2)Don't delay!Those who order by October 5 will receive 100 Oriental Design Christmas cards free.商务英文信函格式大全
商务信函书信是日常生活中常用的文体,是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具。书信一般可分为商务信件或公函(Business Letter or Official Correspondence)和私人信件(Private Letter)两大类。值得注意的是,英语 书信的写法与汉语书信有一些明显区别,应特别加以区分。英语 书信通常包括下面几个组成部分:信端、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签名、附件、再启等。下面我们将逐个进行介绍。
1、商务信函信端(Heading)
信端即信头,一般包括写信人的地址和写信日期。一些正式信函的信端还包括发信人或单位的电话号码、电报挂号、电传、传真和邮政编码等。西方国家中有些信端甚至还有单位负责人的姓名、职务和职称等。信端的目的是使收信人一看便知道书信来自何处,何时发出,便于复信和查阅。用一般的信纸写信时,信端应写在信纸的右上角,若字数较多,可从信纸中间或偏右的地方写起。若字数较少,可适当多向右移一些,使整个信端的重心落在右上角。
商务信函信端的写法主要有并列式和斜列式两种。从目前情况来看,前者更为常用。采用并列式时,每行开头要左对齐;采用斜列式时,每行开头逐次向右移二三个字母的距离。例如:
(1)并列式
Fuxing Street
Haidian District
Beijing
Post Code: 100035People’s Republic of China
Tel: 63211234
Aug.20, 2004
(2)斜列式(Indented Form)Fuxing Street
Haidian District
Beijing
Post Code: 100035
People’s Republic of China
Tel: 63211234
Aug.20, 2004
写信端时,先写发信人的地址,地点的名称按由小到大的顺序排列,然后是其它项目和发信日期。具体次序是:第一行写门牌号和街名;第二行写区名、市(县)名、省(州、邦)名,往国外寄的信,还要写上国家的名称;国家名称的前面加上邮政编码,其后可写上电话号码,最后一行写发信日期。如果写信人的地址是机关单位的名称,则将其作为第一行。如果写信人的单位没有门牌号码和街名,则第一行可写上所在班级或专业组的名称;第二行写系、科、室名称;第三行写学校名称;第四行写市(县)、省(州)名称;然后再写邮政编码、国名、电话号码、发信日期等项。
如果使用标点符号,则在每行末尾加逗号,最后一行的末尾加句号。但当前的信件中行末大都不加标点符号,但在每行之内该用标点符号的地方,仍要用标点。特别要注意的是,门牌号码和街名之间要加逗号。月份和日期之间不可用逗号。在西方国家,城市名称之后往往写有字母或数字(如 New York, 103),表示城市的邮政编码。
关于发信日期的写法,应注意以下几点:
①年份应完全写出,不能简写。
②月份要用英文名称,不要用数字代替。
③月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July, 因为较短,不可缩写。
④写日期时,可用基数词1,2,3,4,5,„„28,29,30,31等,也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, „„28th, 29th, 30th, 31lst等。但最好用基数词,简单明了。
日期可有下列几种写法:
① Oct.20, 2004
② 10 May., 2004
③ 3rd June, 2004
④ Sept.16th, 2004
其中,①最为通用。
2、商务信函信内地址(Inside Address, Introductory Address)
信内地址收信人的姓名和地址,写在信纸的左上角,从信纸的左边顶格开始写,低于写信人地址和发信日期一二行,也分并列式和斜列式两种,但应与信端的书写格式保持一致。其次序是,先写收信人姓名、头衔和单位名称,占一二行,然后写地址,可占二至四行,例如:
①并列式
Ms.Joanna Kerry
Peking University
Haidian District, 100871
Beijing
China
②斜列式
Ms.Joanna Kerry
Peking University
Haidian District,100871
Beijing
China
3.商务信函称呼(Salutation)
对收信人的称呼应自成一行,写在低于信内地址一二行的地方,从信纸的左边顶格开始写,每个词的开头字母要大写,至于末尾处的符号,英国人用逗号,但美国和加拿大 英语 则多用冒号。称呼用语可视写信人与收信人的关系而定。给外国人写英文信时,称呼用语要注意以下几点:
①对没有头衔的男性一般称呼 Mr.。Mr.用在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前,不可只用在名字之前,例如对的称呼,应该是:Mr.或 Mr.White, 不可是:Mr.Phil。若称呼多个男性,则在姓名前用 Mr.的复数形式 Messrs.。对一般以人名为名称的公司和企业常用这种称呼,例如:Messrs.Black and Brothers 布莱克兄弟公司。
②对女性一般称呼 Mrs.,Madam 或 Miss。Mrs.用在已婚女子的丈夫的姓氏之前,或姓氏和名字之前,一般不用在名字前 Madame 此词可以单独使用或加在丈夫的姓名之前 Mrs.没有复数形式。若称呼多个女性,则在姓名前用 Mme.的复数形式 Mmes.而对以女子名字为名称的公司、企业可用 Mesdames 称呼。Miss 多用于未婚女子,此词可缩写为 Ms,用于姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前,一般不用于名字之前。
③对收信人的称呼,也可用头衔或职位的名称,不分性别。例如 Professor(缩写为 Prof.),Doctor(缩写为 Dr.),General(缩写为 Gen.)。这些称呼都放在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前,如 Prof.(Phil)White等。
④对外公函中对收信人的称呼,可用 Gentlemen(而不是 Gentleman),Dear Sir(s)和 My dear Sir(s)等。Gentlemen 之前不能加 Dear,后面也不能带姓名。用 Sirs 时,前面常用 Dear 一词,但也可单独用 Sir。若收信人是妇女,则无论已婚或未婚,都可单独使用 Madam 或其复数 Mesdames。
⑤对外国高级官员的称呼,如国家元首、政府首脑、部长、大使、公使和特使等,可用(Dear)Sir,(Dear)Mr.Chairman,(Dear)Mr.Premier,(My dear)Mr.Ambassador,Your Excellency(复数为 Excellencies)。
⑥对君主制国家的国王和皇帝等男性君主,可以 Sir 称呼,对女王、女皇和皇后等女性君主,可用 Madam 称呼。有时也用 Your Majesty 称呼以表示。客气和尊敬Your Majesty 可兼指男性和女性,其复数为 Your Majesties。
⑦对王室成员,如太子、王子、亲王和公主等,一般可用(Dear)Sir 或(Dear)Madam 但在正式尊称时,一般用 Your Highness(复数为 Highnesses)。
收信人称呼
先生(男人)Mr./Esq.夫人(已婚)Mrs.小姐(未婚)Miss
夫人、小姐统称Ms.夫妇俩人Mr.and Mrs.两位或两位以上男子Messrs
两位或两位以上女子(已婚)Mesdames 两位或两位以上小姐(未婚)Misses
常见的头衔(汉英对照)如下:
教授Professor
博士Doctor(Dr.,Ph.D.)
医学博士Medical Doctor(M.D.)
总统或校长President
主席或董事长Chairman
副主席或副董事长Vice Chairman
副总统或副校长Vice President
首相Prime Minister
总理Premier
省长或州长Governor
市长Mayor
参议员Senator
大使Ambassador
秘书长Secretary General
一秘First Secretary
二秘Second Secretary
院长Director,Dean
副院长Vice Director
系主任Dean,Head,Chair 馆长Chief Librarian,Curator 阁下Excellency 神甫Father
4.商务信函信的正文(Body of the Letter)
信的正文每段第一行应往右缩进约四五个字母。在写事务性信件时,正文一般开门见山,内容简单明了,条理清楚。在写私人信件时,信写好之后若有什么遗漏,可用 P.S.表示补叙。
5.商务信函结束语(Complimentary Close)
结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称,只占一行,低于正文一二行,从信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写,末尾用逗号。结束语视写信人与收信人的关系而定例如写给机关、团体或不相识的人的信,一般用:
Yours(very)truly, Yours(very)faithfully,Yours(very)sincerely,等等。
写给上级和长者的信一般可用:
Yours(very)respectfully, Yours(very)obediently, Yours gratefully, Yours appreciatively, Your obedient servant, 等等。
写给同志或同事的信一般可用:
Fraternally yours, Comradely yours,等等。
写给熟人或朋友的信可用:
Yours, Ever yours, Yours affectionately, As ever, Yours sincerely Yours devotedly,(Most)Fondly yours, Yours excitedly, Intimately yours,等等。
写给亲属或挚友的信一般用:
Yours, Ever yours, Yours as ever, As ever, Yours affectionately, Lovingly yours,(Much)Love, With Love,Lovingly, Your loving son, Your most affectionate, Your devoted friend, Devotedly, 等等,意即:“您的”、“永远是您的”、“您的亲爱的”、“您的爱子(孩子、姐妹、侄、侄女、祖母)”、“您的挚友”等。
写给挚友的信有时也可用:
Yours hurriedly, Yours hastily, Yours in haste, 等等。
写信给挚友,表示歉意时,可用:
Contritely yours, Regretfully yours, Yours in(with)regret, Yours in(with)deep remorse 等。
在欧洲一些国家里,多把Yours 放在 sincerely等词的前面。在美国和加拿大等国,则多用,把 yours 放在 Sincerely 等词之后。Yours 一词有时也可省略。
6.签名(Signature)
信末的签名一般低于结束语一二行,从信纸中间偏右的地方开始写。若写信人是女性,与收信人又不相识,则一般在署名前用括号注上 Miss, Mrs.或 Ms.,以便对方回信时知道如何称呼。有的还有署名后写上自己的职称、职务或头衔
7.附件(Enclosure)
信件若有附件,应在左下角注明 Encl.或 Enc.。若附件不止一个,则应写出2(或3,4,5等)Encls.,例如:
Enc: Resume
Encls:Grade Certificate
8.再启(Postscript, 缩写为 P.S.)
再启部分用于补叙正文中遗漏的话,一般应尽量少用,正式的函件中更应避免使用。
9.私人和公务信函--注意事项
首先,写信者应设身处地想到对方,尊重对方的风俗习惯。
其次,英文信应该行文流畅、言简意赅,避免冗长。这就是说,写信者应用尽可能少的文字表达其必须传递的信息,而且写信者应将其所需传递的信息表达清楚,以免对方产生误解。书信交往,同样需要以礼待人。因而在写信过程中,要避免伤害对方感情,措辞上多选用些礼貌婉转词语。
最后,除了避免语法、拼写、标点错误外,信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误.私人和公务信函--常用句式。常用的起首语有:
1)Thank you for your letter dated Dec.22,1969.2)Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5,1997.3)A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1997.4)Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.5)Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.6)In reply to your letter dated 4th July,I want to say„
7)Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.8)What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th!
9)It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.10)First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me.11)With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that „
12)I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering.13)I am too excited and delighted at your good news.14)I am very obliged to you for your warm congratulations.„
15)I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.常用的结束语有:
1)Awaiting your good news,2)Looking forward to your early reply,3)Hoping to hear from you soon,4)We await your good news.5)I hope to hear from you very soon.6)We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.7)I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles.8)Your early reply will be highly appreciated.9)Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.10)The help you give me is sincerely valued.11)I hope everything will be well with you.12)Please let us know if you want more information.13)I hope you always enjoy yourself.14)I wish you very success in the coming year.15)Please remember me to your family.16)With best regards to your family.17)All the best.18)With love and good wishes.