室内设计英语词汇中英文翻译

第一篇：室内设计英语词汇中英文翻译

客 厅 Livingroom 卧 室 Bedroom 书 房 Study 阁 楼 Loft 楼 梯 Stair 楼梯间 Stir Well 玄 关 Entrance 卫生间 Bathromm 厨 房 Kitchen ground plan平面图 floor, storey 层

ground floor 第一层(美作:first floor)flat 套(美作:apartment)stair well 楼梯间

lift shaft(美作:elevator shaft)fire escape 防火梯 staircase 楼梯

goods lift 公务电梯(美作:freight elevator)central heating 暖气 ventilation shaft 通风井 air conditioning 空调 air-conditioned 带空调的 flooring(一块)地板 floorboard 地板(总称)parquet 木条地板

herringbone parquet 人字形木条地板 tile 瓷砖 terrazzo 磨石子地 wall 墙

main wall 承重墙 partition wall 隔断墙 plastering 抹灰 skirting board 壁脚板 to whitewash 粉刷 facade 建筑物正面 window 窗 basement 地下室 penthouse 遮檐,披屋 attic, garret 阁楼 kitchen 厨房 dining room 饭厅 living room 起居室 lounge 吸烟室,大厅 bathroom 浴室 toilet 卫生间

chimney 烟囱 fireplace 壁炉 gutter 排水沟

drainpipe 雨水管,落水管 ceiling 天花板

flat roof, roof garden 屋顶平台,屋顶花园 roof 屋瓦顶 tile, roof tile 瓦 sand 沙 cement 水泥 mortar 灰泥 plaster 石膏 concrete 混凝土

reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete 钢筋混凝土 gravel 碎石 brick 砖 slate 石板 marble 大理石 beam 梁,木梁 girder 钢梁

corrugated iron 波状钢 timber 木料,木材 pipes 钢管 wiring 电器设备 promoter 创办人 architect 建筑师

quantity surveyor 施工技术员 draftsman 绘图员

civil engineer 道路工程师 builder 建筑工人 foreman 工头

master builder 营造商,建筑工程队队长(master)bricklayer 泥瓦匠,砌砖工匠 hodman, hod carrier 小工 plasterer 抹灰工 welder 焊工 joiner 工匠 electrician 电工 glazier 玻璃工匠 plumber 管道技工 plumber's mate 管道工 painter, decorator 油漆工 crane driver 吊车司机方案 ：Design, Scheme 初步设计 ：Primary Design 施工图 CD: Construction Design Fuction 功能区

Light 灯具

Droplight 吊灯

吸顶灯

Entrance 入口

Living room 客厅

Sitting room 起居室

Embed light 嵌灯

Dinning room 餐厅

Daylight lamp 日光灯

Kitchen 厨房

Reflect down light 筒灯

Office 书房

Quartz down-light 石英灯

Master bedroom 主卧房

Votage track light 射灯

Quest bedroom 客卧

Track light 轨道灯

Children bedroom 儿童房

Picture light 镜画灯

Hiding light 暗藏灯管

Projection room 视听室

Dressing room 更衣室

Wall lamp 壁灯

Storeroom 储藏室 Reading lamp 台灯

Master bathroom 主卫

Floor lamp 落地灯

Bathroom 卫生间

Bathroom fixture 卫生洁具Wash room 洗衣房

Staircase 楼梯

Washbowl 洗手台[台盆]

Aisle 过道

Water faucet 水龙头

Closestool 座便器

Gazebe 阳台

Urinal 小便斗

Garden 花园

Bathtab 浴缸

Swimming pool 游泳池

Shower bath 淋浴房

Furniture 家具

Wiring 电器设备

Cupboard 厨房橱柜

Television 电视机

Drink box 酒柜

Sound box 音响

Bar 吧台 Washer 洗衣机 Dinning table 餐桌 Bedstand 床头柜 Bed 床 Bookcase 书柜

Chest of drawers 五斗矮柜 Electrical outlet 插座 Chest of drawers 藏衣柜 Switch 开关 TV set 电视柜

Air-condition 空调 Tea table 茶几

Immersion heater 电热水壶 Sofa 沙发

Electric cooker 电饭褒 Reclining chair 躺椅 Macrowave oven 微波炉 Chair 椅子 Refrigeratory 冰箱American interior design;美国室内设计 American interior designer;美国室内设计师 Residential design;私家住宅设计；

Villa design(single family home design);别墅设计； Office design;办公室设计；

Commercial design;非住宅设计（商务楼设计；写字楼设计；公共场所设计）Californian interior design;加州室内设计 Californian interior designer;加州室内设计师 Model home design;样板房设计

Clubhouse interior design;会所室内设计 American furniture design;美国家具设计 Foreign interior design;外国室内设计 Foreign interior designer;外国室内设计师 PLAN — 设计方案

Interior design – 室内设计 Exterior 室外

Landscape design – 景观设计 Architecture design – 建筑设计 designer – 设计师 baseplan – 基础建筑图 floor plan –平面图

elevation-立面图

RCP = 天花吊顶设计 = Reflected Ceiling Plan electric plan = 电线走线图 furniture plan – 家具布置平面图 interior plant plan – 室内植物摆放图 window schedule – 窗表 door schedule – 门表 美 国室内设计有两种合同：一种叫做specification，就是只设计，不负责采购室内陈设；另外一种是turnkey，字面意思就是交钥 匙，设计师负责设计同时也负责采购室内全部用品用具，包括家具、摆设、艺术皮、画、床上用品、地毯等。后者主要是有钱人家采用的方式比较多，这样才能保证质量。因为设计师更能贯彻自己的设计理念，保证采购回来的东西风格统一并且由于设计师采购的价格是批发价，所以实际上主人并不需要多付钱。Chair Rail – 挡椅线 也可以叫做腰线 Picture rair – 挂镜线 Baseboard – 踢脚 TUB = 浴缸

MILL WORK PULL = 橱柜门拉手 TOWEL RACK = 毛巾架

AREA RUG 装饰地毯（块）CARPET 地毯（满铺房间）CORBEL 整梁 承材 COAT HOOK 挂衣架

CROWN MOULDING 天花线条 COFFER 藻井

CERAMIC TILE CLADDING 包覆瓷砖 COUNTER 台面

DOOR PULL 门拉手

DOUBLE PASSAGE DOOR 双门 DRAWER PULL 抽屉拉手

EXTERIOR TILE FLOORING 室外地砖 FAUCET 龙头

FLUSH MOUNT LIGHTING 吸顶灯 GROUT 勾缝剂 HINGE 合页 LOCKERS 锁

LAMINATE 复合板台面 LIGHTING FIXTURE 灯具 LAVATORY / SINK 水盆 MEDALLION 地板拼花 MIRROR 镜子

PAINT-WALLS 墙漆

CEILING PAINT 天花板乳胶漆 PARTITION 隔板 屏风 PLASTER MOULDING 石膏线 客 厅 Livingroom 卧 室 Bedroom 书 房 Study 阁 楼 Loft 楼 梯 Stair

RECESSED LIGHT 嵌灯 埋地灯

RECESSED LIGHT IN CABINET 橱柜嵌灯 STONE SLAB 石板

SOAP DISPENSER 肥皂盒 SEMI FLUSH MOUNT 半吸顶灯

SHOWER HEAD AND HANDLES 淋浴莲蓬头和把手 SHOWER SOAP DISPENSER 淋浴间肥皂盒 SINGLE PASSAGE DOOR 单门

STACKED STONE CLADDING 文化石包覆 STONE TILE-WALLS 墙面石材 WOOD STAIN 木染色剂 STAIN – 着色

WOOD TRUSS – 木桁梁 STONE BASEBOARD 石材踢脚 STONE CROWN 石材装饰线

STEP/RISER LIGHT 楼梯踏步灯 TOWEL BAR 毛巾杆

TOILET SEAT COVERS 座便器坐垫 TILE FLOORING 瓷砖地板 TONGUE AND GROOVE 拼装 TOWEL HOOK 毛巾架 THRESHOLD 门槛

TOILET PAPER HOLDER 卷筒纸架 TRASH RECEPTACLE 废料桶 垃圾桶 URINAL 小便器 VENEER 面板

VENETIAN PLASTER 威尼斯石膏

VENETIAN PLASTER-CEILING 威尼斯石膏 – 天花板 WATER CLOSET/TOILET 厕所

APPLIED WOOD MOULDING 粘贴木线 WOOD BEAM 木梁

WOOD CLADDING-WALLS 木板包覆 WOOD FLOORING 木地板 WOOD PARTITON 木隔板 WROUGHT IRON 铁艺 WALL MURAL 壁画 WALL SCONCE 壁灯 楼梯间 Stir Well 玄 关 Entrance 卫生间 Bathromm 厨 房 Kitchen ground plan平面图 floor, storey 层

ground floor 第一层(美作:first floor)flat 套(美作:apartment)stair well 楼梯间

lift shaft(美作:elevator shaft)fire escape 防火梯 staircase 楼梯

goods lift 公务电梯(美作:freight elevator)central heating 暖气 ventilation shaft 通风井 air conditioning 空调 air-conditioned 带空调的 flooring(一块)地板 floorboard 地板(总称)parquet 木条地板

herringbone parquet 人字形木条地板 tile 瓷砖 terrazzo 磨石子地 wall 墙

main wall 承重墙 partition wall 隔断墙 plastering 抹灰 skirting board 壁脚板 to whitewash 粉刷 facade 建筑物正面 window 窗 basement 地下室 penthouse 遮檐,披屋 attic, garret 阁楼 kitchen 厨房 dining room 饭厅 living room 起居室 lounge 吸烟室,大厅 bathroom 浴室 toilet 卫生间 chimney 烟囱 fireplace 壁炉 gutter 排水沟

drainpipe 雨水管,落水管 ceiling 天花板

方案 ：Design, Scheme 初步设计 ：Primary Design 施工图 CD: Construction Design Fuction 功能区

flat roof, roof garden 屋顶平台,屋顶花园 roof 屋瓦顶 tile, roof tile 瓦 sand 沙 cement 水泥 mortar 灰泥 plaster 石膏 concrete 混凝土

reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete 钢筋混凝土 gravel 碎石 brick 砖 slate 石板 marble 大理石 beam 梁,木梁 girder 钢梁

corrugated iron 波状钢 timber 木料,木材 pipes 钢管 wiring 电器设备 promoter 创办人 architect 建筑师

quantity surveyor 施工技术员 draftsman 绘图员

civil engineer 道路工程师 builder 建筑工人 foreman 工头

master builder 营造商,建筑工程队队长(master)bricklayer 泥瓦匠,砌砖工匠 hodman, hod carrier 小工 plasterer 抹灰工 welder 焊工 joiner 工匠 electrician 电工 glazier 玻璃工匠 plumber 管道技工 plumber's mate 管道工 painter, decorator 油漆工 crane driver 吊车司机Light 灯具 Droplight 吊灯

吸顶灯 Entrance 入口 Living room 客厅 Sitting room 起居室 Embed light 嵌灯 Dinning room 餐厅 Daylight lamp 日光灯 Kitchen 厨房

Reflect down light 筒灯 Office 书房

Quartz down-light 石英灯 Master bedroom 主卧房 Votage track light 射灯 Quest bedroom 客卧 Track light 轨道灯 Children bedroom 儿童房 Picture light 镜画灯 Hiding light 暗藏灯管 Projection room 视听室 Dressing room 更衣室 Wall lamp 壁灯 Storeroom 储藏室 Reading lamp 台灯 Master bathroom 主卫 Floor lamp 落地灯 Bathroom 卫生间

Bathroom fixture 卫生洁具Wash room 洗衣房

Staircase 楼梯 Washbowl 洗手台[台盆] Aisle 过道

Water faucet 水龙头 Closestool 座便器 Gazebe 阳台 Urinal 小便斗 Garden 花园 Bathtab 浴缸 Swimming pool 游泳池 Shower bath 淋浴房 Furniture 家具 Wiring 电器设备 Cupboard 厨房橱柜 Television 电视机 Drink box 酒柜 Sound box 音响 Bar 吧台 Washer 洗衣机 Dinning table 餐桌 Bedstand 床头柜 Bed 床 Bookcase 书柜

Chest of drawers 五斗矮柜Electrical outlet 插座 Chest of drawers 藏衣柜 Switch 开关 TV set 电视柜 Air-condition 空调 Tea table 茶几

Immersion heater 电热水壶 Sofa 沙发

Electric cooker 电饭褒 Reclining chair 躺椅 Macrowave oven 微波炉 Chair 椅子 Refrigeratory 冰箱

第二篇：室内设计英语词汇

1]Fuction Entrance Living room Sitting room Dinning room Kitchen Office Master bedroom Quest bedroom Children bedroom Projection room Dressing room Storeroom Master bathroom Bathroom Wash room Staircase Aisle Gazebe Garden Swimming pool

[2]Furniture Cupboard Drink box Bar Dinning table Chair Reclining chair Sofa Tea table TV set Chest of drawers Chest of drawers Bookcase [1]功能区 入口 客厅 起居室 餐厅 厨房 书房 主卧房 客卧 儿童房 视听室 更衣室 储藏室 主卫 卫生间 洗衣房 楼梯 过道 阳台 花园 游泳池

[2]家具 厨房橱柜 酒柜 吧台 餐桌 椅子 躺椅 沙发 茶几 电视柜 藏衣柜 五斗矮柜 书柜

Bedstand [3]Light Droplight

Embed light Daylight lamp Reflect down light Quartz down-light Votage track light Track light Picture light Hiding light Wall lamp Reading lamp Floor lamp

[4]Bathroom fixture Washbowl Water faucet Closestool Urinal Bathtab Shower bath [5]Wiring Television Sound box Washer Refrigeratory Macrowave oven Electric cooker Immersion heater Air-condition Switch Electrical outlet

床头柜 [3]灯具 吊灯 吸顶灯 嵌灯 日光灯 筒灯 石英灯 射灯 轨道灯 镜画灯 暗藏灯管 壁灯 台灯 落地灯

[4]卫生洁具 洗手台[台盆] 水龙头 座便器 小便斗 浴缸 淋浴房

[4]电器设备 电视机 音响 洗衣机 冰箱 微波炉 电饭褒 电热水壶 空调 开关 插座 Walking Closet 衣帽间ssss客 厅 Livingroom 卧 室 Bedroom 书 房 Study 阁 楼 Loft 楼 梯 Stair 楼梯间 Stir Well 玄 关 Entrance 卫生间 Bathromm 厨 房 Kitchen ground plan平面图 floor, storey 层

ground floor 第一层(美作:first floor)flat 套(美作:apartment)stair well 楼梯间

lift shaft(美作:elevator shaft)fire escape 防火梯 staircase 楼梯

goods lift 公务电梯(美作:freight elevator)central heating 暖气 ventilation shaft 通风井 air conditioning 空调 air-conditioned 带空调的 flooring(一块)地板 floorboard 地板(总称)parquet 木条地板

herringbone parquet 人字形木条地板 tile 瓷砖 terrazzo 磨石子地 wall 墙

main wall 承重墙 partition wall 隔断墙 plastering 抹灰 skirting board 壁脚板 to whitewash 粉刷 facade 建筑物正面 window 窗 basement 地下室 penthouse 遮檐,披屋 attic, garret 阁楼 kitchen 厨房 dining room 饭厅 living room 起居室 lounge 吸烟室,大厅 bathroom 浴室 toilet 卫生间

chimney 烟囱 fireplace 壁炉 gutter 排水沟

drainpipe 雨水管,落水管 ceiling 天花板

flat roof, roof garden 屋顶平台,屋顶花园 roof 屋瓦顶 tile, roof tile 瓦 sand 沙 cement 水泥 mortar 灰泥 plaster 石膏 concrete 混凝土

reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete 钢筋混凝土gravel 碎石 brick 砖 slate 石板 marble 大理石 beam 梁,木梁 girder 钢梁

corrugated iron 波状钢 timber 木料,木材 pipes 钢管 wiring 电器设备 promoter 创办人 architect 建筑师

quantity surveyor 施工技术员 draftsman 绘图员 civil engineer 道路工程师 builder 建筑工人 foreman 工头

master builder 营造商,建筑工程队队长(master)bricklayer 泥瓦匠,砌砖工匠 hodman, hod carrier 小工 plasterer 抹灰工 welder 焊工 joiner 工匠 electrician 电工 glazier 玻璃工匠 plumber 管道技工 plumber's mate 管道工 painter, decorator 油漆工

crane driver 吊车司机 方案 ：Design, Scheme 初步设计 ：Primary Design 施工图 CD: Construction Design Fuction 功能区 Light 灯具 Droplight 吊灯

吸顶灯 Entrance 入口 Living room 客厅 Sitting room 起居室 Embed light 嵌灯 Dinning room 餐厅 Daylight lamp 日光灯 Kitchen 厨房

Reflect down light 筒灯 Office 书房

Quartz down-light 石英灯 Master bedroom 主卧房 Votage track light 射灯 Quest bedroom 客卧 Track light 轨道灯 Children bedroom 儿童房 Picture light 镜画灯 Hiding light 暗藏灯管 Projection room 视听室 Dressing room 更衣室 Wall lamp 壁灯 Storeroom 储藏室 Reading lamp 台灯 Master bathroom 主卫 Floor lamp 落地灯 Bathroom 卫生间 Bathroom fixture 卫生洁具 Wash room 洗衣房 Staircase 楼梯

Washbowl 洗手台[台盆]

American interior design;美国室内设计 American interior designer;美国室内设计师 Residential design;私家住宅设计；

Villa design(single family home design);别墅设计； Office design;办公室设计；

Aisle 过道

Water faucet 水龙头 Closestool 座便器 Gazebe 阳台 Urinal 小便斗 Garden 花园 Bathtab 浴缸

Swimming pool 游泳池 Shower bath 淋浴房 Furniture 家具 Wiring 电器设备 Cupboard 厨房橱柜 Television 电视机 Drink box 酒柜 Sound box 音响 Bar 吧台 Washer 洗衣机 Dinning table 餐桌 Bedstand 床头柜 Bed 床 Bookcase 书柜

Chest of drawers 五斗矮柜 Electrical outlet 插座 Chest of drawers 藏衣柜 Switch 开关 TV set 电视柜 Air-condition 空调 Tea table 茶几

Immersion heater 电热水壶 Sofa 沙发

Electric cooker 电饭褒 Reclining chair 躺椅 Macrowave oven 微波炉 Chair 椅子 Refrigeratory 冰Commercial design;非住宅设计（商务楼设计；写字楼设计；公共场所设计）Californian interior design;加州室内设计 Californian interior designer;加州室内设计师 Model home design;样板房设计 Clubhouse interior design;会所室内设计 American furniture design;美国家具设计 Foreign interior design;外国室内设计 Foreign interior designer;外国室内设计师 PLAN — 设计方案 Interior design – 室内设计 Exterior 室外

Landscape design – 景观设计 Architecture design – 建筑设计 designer – 设计师 baseplan – 基础建筑图 floor plan –平面图

美 国室内设计有两种合同：一种叫做specification，就是只设计，不负责采购室内陈设；另外一种是turnkey，字面意思就是交钥 匙，设计师负责设计同时也负责采购室内全部用品用具，包括家具、摆设、艺术皮、画、床上用品、地毯等。后者主要是有钱人家采用的方式比较多，这样才能保证质量。因为设计师更能贯彻自己的设计理念，保证采购回来的东西风格统一并且由于设计师采购的价格是批发价，所以实际上主人并不需要多付钱。Chair Rail – 挡椅线 也可以叫做腰线 Picture rair – 挂镜线 Baseboard – 踢脚 TUB = 浴缸

MILL WORK PULL = 橱柜门拉手 TOWEL RACK = 毛巾架 AREA RUG 装饰地毯（块）CARPET 地毯（满铺房间）CORBEL 整梁 承材 COAT HOOK 挂衣架

CROWN MOULDING 天花线条 COFFER 藻井

CERAMIC TILE CLADDING 包覆瓷砖

COUNTER 台面 DOOR PULL 门拉手 DOUBLE PASSAGE DOOR 双门 DRAWER PULL 抽屉拉手

EXTERIOR TILE FLOORING 室外地砖 FAUCET 龙头

FLUSH MOUNT LIGHTING 吸顶灯 GROUT 勾缝剂 HINGE 合页 LOCKERS 锁

LAMINATE 复合板台面 LIGHTING FIXTURE 灯具 LAVATORY / SINK 水盆 MEDALLION 地板拼花 MIRROR 镜子 PAINT-WALLS 墙漆

CEILING PAINT 天花板乳胶漆 PARTITION 隔板 屏风 PLASTER MOULDING 石膏线 RECESSED LIGHT 嵌灯 埋地灯 RECESSED LIGHT IN CABINET 橱柜嵌灯 STONE SLAB 石板 SOAP DISPENSER 肥皂盒 SEMI FLUSH MOUNT 半吸顶灯

SHOWER HEAD AND HANDLES 淋浴莲蓬头和把手 SHOWER SOAP DISPENSER 淋浴间肥皂盒 SINGLE PASSAGE DOOR 单门

STACKED STONE CLADDING 文化石包覆 STONE TILE-WALLS 墙面石材 WOOD STAIN 木染色剂 STAIN – 着色

WOOD TRUSS – 木桁梁

STONE BASEBOARD 石材踢脚 STONE CROWN 石材装饰线 STEP/RISER LIGHT 楼梯踏步灯 TOWEL BAR 毛巾杆

TOILET SEAT COVERS 座便器坐垫 TILE FLOORING 瓷砖地板 TONGUE AND GROOVE 拼装 TOWEL HOOK 毛巾架 THRESHOLD 门槛

TOILET PAPER HOLDER 卷筒纸架 TRASH RECEPTACLE 废料桶 垃圾桶 URINAL 小便器 VENEER 面板 elevation-立面图

RCP = 天花吊顶设计 = Reflected Ceiling Plan electric plan = 电线走线图 furniture plan – 家具布置平面图 interior plant plan – 室内植物摆放图 window schedule – 窗表 door schedule – 门表 VENETIAN PLASTER 威尼斯石膏

VENETIAN PLASTER-CEILING 威尼斯石膏 – 天花板 WATER CLOSET/TOILET 厕所

APPLIED WOOD MOULDING 粘贴木线 WOOD BEAM 木梁

WOOD CLADDING-WALLS 木板包覆 设计英语常用词汇 enclosure 围栏 void 空间，虚体 edifice 大厦，体系 aisle 走廊

nave（教堂）的正厅 chapel 教堂 cathedral 大教堂 balustrade 栏杆 colonnade 柱廊 ornament 装饰 tensile 空的

房子,住宅 house Haus

室内装饰 interior Inneneinrichtung 家具 furniture M(o)bel 墙壁 wall Wand 窗户 window Fenster 门 door T(u)r 地板 floor Boden 天花板 ceiling Decke 窗帘 curtain Gardine 地毯 carpet Teppich 桌子 table Tisch 书桌 desk Schreibtisch 照明,灯饰 lighting Beleuchtung 餐厅 dining room Esszimmer 卧室 bedroom Schlafzimmer

起居室,客厅 living room Wohnzimmer 浴室bathroom Badezimmer 浴缸 bathtub Badewanne 淋浴 shower Dusche 洗手间 restroom Toiletten 椅子chair Sitzmobel 扶手椅 armchair Sessel 单人靠椅(或沙发)chair Stuhl

双人靠椅(或沙发)love seat,settee Zweisitzer 三人靠椅(或沙发)sofa Sofa 垫脚凳 ottoman Ottomane/Sofa 板凳,凳子 stool Hocker 长条椅 bench Bank

WOOD FLOORING 木地板 WOOD PARTITON 木隔板 WROUGHT IRON 铁艺 WALL MURAL 壁画 WALL SCONCE 壁灯

housing 住房 quarters 住宅

neighborhood 住宅小区 single-family 独户的 hallway 门厅 tenenment 住房 terrace 露台 wing 厢房 hip 屋脊 balcony 阳台

安乐椅 easy chair Lehnstuhl,Klubsessel 睡椅,沙发床 lounge chair,couch Chaiselongue 折叠椅 stacking chair Stapelbarer stuhl 装软垫的沙发 upholstery Polsterm(o)bel 鞣制皮革 tanned leather Leder 人造皮革 synthetic leather Kunstleder 椅套 covering Bezug

椅背靠档 spindle Stab,Pfosten

椅背靠板 splat,backpanel R(u)ckenlehne 椅座 seat Sitz 侧拉档 stretcher Steg 椅腿 leg Stuhlbein

收藏用家具 storage furniture Kastenm(o)bel 衣橱 wardrobe Kleiderschrank 碗橱 cupboard K(u)chenschrank 书架 bookshelf B(u)cherregal

陈设架或柜 whatnot,curio Vitrine f(u)r ziergegenst(a)nde 餐具柜 sideboard Sidebord

组合家具 modular furniture Systemm(o)bel(组家的)基本单元 basic unit Grundelement 拆装式,组装式 knockdown M(o)bel zum zusammenbauen

搁板,层板 shelf board Regalbrett

底板 bottom board Sockelplatte,Bodenbrett 顶板 top board Obere Abdeckplatte 固定搁板 fixed shelf Boden,Regalboden 活动搁板 removable shelf Einlegeboden 底座 base Sockelplatte

固定式(嵌入式)家具 built-in Einbau-...推拉门 sliding door Schiebet(u)r

折叠式双开门 double swinging door T(u)relement(mit 2 T(U)ren)

折叠式单开门 single swinging door T(u)relement(mit 1 T(u)r

模数 module Modul 尺寸(成品)size Gr(o)sse

尺寸(部件)dimension Abmessungen 背板 back panel R(u)ckwand 旁板,侧板 side panel Seitenwange 配件,附件 accessory Zubeh(o)r 插手 knob Knopf 拉手 handle,catch Griff 部件 components Einzelteile

垂直框架 vertical frame senkrechter Rahmen 水平框架 horizontal frame waagerechter Rahmen 床 bed Schlafraumm(o)bel 单人床 single bed Einzelbett 双人床 double bed Doppellbett 婴儿床 baby bed Kinderbett 折叠床 folding bed Klappbett 弹簧 spring Feder 床头板 headboard Kopfteil 床尾板 footboard Fu(b)teil 床架 frame Bettrahmen 弹簧床垫 bedstead Matratze 床单 bedspread Tagesdecke 盖被 comforter Bettdecke 床垫 bedpad Steppdecke 枕头 pillow Kopfkissen 被单 flat sheets Bettlaken

包被单 fitted sheets Spannbettlaken 整体厨房 system kitchen Einbauk(u)chen 厨房 kitchen K(u)che

台面面板 worktop Arbeitsplatte,Anrichte 吸排油烟机 ventilator Dunstabzugshaube 吊柜 hanging cabinet H(a)ngeschrank 水槽 sink Sp(u)le

水龙头 faucet Wasserhahn 台面 worktop Arbeitsplatte 冰箱 refrigerator K(u)hlschrank 洗碗机 dishwasher Sp(u)lmaschine 烤箱 oven Backofen

印刷胶合板 printed plywood Furnier(gute Qualit(a)t)

煤气灶 kitchen stove Herd

微波炉 microwave oven Mikrowellenherd 面板 panel Oberfl(a)cheupanlele 实木 solid wood Massivholz 多层板 laminated panel Laminat 油漆板 lacquered wood lackiertes Holz 三聚氰胺(防火板)meramin board Melamin 材料 material Materiallen 木 wood Holz 藤 rattan Rattan 竹 bamboo Bambus 软木 cork Kork

纸绳 papercord Papierband 橡胶 rubber Gummi 铝 aluminum Aluminlum 钢铁 steel Stahl 大理石 marble Marmor granite [graenit]n.花岗岩

PU发泡材 polyurethane foam Urethan-Schaum 玻璃 glass Glas 镜子 mirror Spiegel

刨花板 particle board Spanplatte 平滑 smooth glatt 粗糙 jagged zackig,gekerbt 粗制rough rau 精制 fine fein 光亮 shiny gl(a)nzend 闪亮,晶亮 glaring grell 硬,挺 stiff steif

透明的 transparent durchsichtig 半透明的 translucent durchscheinend 波浪状,有波纹的 corrugated gewellt 排骨状,凹凸不平的 ribbed gerippt 木材(泛指)wood Holz 原木 timber Bauholz,Nutzholz 制材,成材 lumber bauholz,Nutzholz 阔叶材 hard wood Hartes Holz 针叶材 soft wood Weiches Holz 树皮 bark Rinde

饰面板 sliced veneer Furnier(gute Qualit(a)t)实木 solid wood Massivholz 集成材 laminted wood Laminat 胶合板 plywood Sperrholz

单板 veneer Furnier

成型胶合板 shaped plywwod Verformtes sperrholz(木纹)直纹 straight grain Gerade,strarke Maserung(木纹)平纹 flat grain schlichte Masserung 弯曲木 bentwood Biegholz

人工干燥 kyln drying k(u)nstliche Trocknung 天然干燥 natural drying nat(u)rliche Troknung 特级木 grade timber hochwertiges(seltenes)Holz 木材纹理 grain,morie Maserung,moire 树木种类 kinds of tree Holzarten

涂装和粘接 painting & adhesive Farbe und Kleber

橡木 Japanese oak Eiche 白桦木 birch Birke 松木 pine Kiefer 雪松木 ceder Zeder 冷杉,枞木 fir Tanne 枫木 maple Ahorn 柚木 teak Teak

桃花心木 mahogany Mahagoni 山核桃木 hickory Hickorynussbaum

(丙烯酸)树脂乳胶涂料 acrylic emulsion paint Acryllackoberfl(a)che(醇酸)树脂涂料 alkyd paint Acryaharzoberfl(a)che

(聚胺脂)树脂涂料 polyurethan paint Polyurethhanlack-Oberfl(a)che(环氧)树脂涂料 epoxy paint Epoxydharzbeschichtete-Oberfl(a)che 丙烯酸硅涂料 acrylic silicon paint Silicon-acryl Oberfl(a)che 含氟树脂涂料 fluoride paint fluorid-Farbe 透明着色加工 clear tint finish Klarlackoberfl(a)che 上油加工 oil stain geolte Oberfl(a)che 瓷漆(面涂)enamel finish Emailoberfl(a)che 罩光(面涂)varnish finish Klarlack 清漆(面涂)lacquer lackierte Oberfl(a)che 日本产天然漆 Japanese lacquer japanichser Lack 消光 matt Matt 上光 gloss glatt

镜面抛光加工 mirror gloss finish poliert 烤漆(面涂)backed-on finish UV-geh(a)rtet UV漆饰(光固化漆)UV coat UV-beschichtet 模拟(木纹)涂饰 faux finish tromp l'oeuil 底涂 undercoat Grundierung 面涂 surface Oberfl(a)che

合成橡胶类粘接剂 synthetic rubber glue Kautschukkleber 酚醛树脂粘接剂 phenol resin adhesive Phenolharz

挥发性有机化合物 volatile organic chemical compound fl(u)chtige organisch-chemische-Verbindung 家具五金 hardware for furniture Beschl(a)ge 合页 rolled hinge gerolltes Scharnier 仿古合页 antique hinge Antikscharnier 暗铰链 concealed hinge Schiebeband 门头铰 pivot hinge Zapfenband 撑(拉)杆 stay Klappenhalter

磁碰,门吸 magnetic catch Magnetschnapper 脚轮 caster Rollen

桌脚 table bases Tischgestelle

抽屉滑轨 drawer rail schubladenf(u)hrung 搁板销 shelf support,dowel D(u)bel 螺钉 screw schraube

在展览会场 at the fair, auf der Messe 展览会 trade fair Messe 入口 entrance Eingang 出口 exit Ausgang 馆 pavilion Pavilion

展览会场 exhibition hall Halle 入场费 admission fee Eintrittsgeb(u)hr 入场券,门票 admission ticket Eintrittskarte 会期 date,period Dauer

展览时间 exhibition hours(O)ffnungszeiten 会场指示图 exhibition floor plan Hallenplan

服务台 information Information 洗手间 restroom Toilett水性 water-based auf Wasserbasis 油性 oil-based auf(O)lbasis 水溶性 water-soluble Wasserl(o)slich 甲醛 formaldehyde Formaldehyd 动物胶 orqanic glue organischer Lein 尿醛树脂 urea resin Harnstoffharz 白乳胶 acetic acid resin Essigs(a)ureharz 树脂 resin Harz

AAdjustable bed 可调床 Air bed 气床

Anti-slip strip for stairs（儿童床）防滑楼梯打击扶手 Antique furniture 古式家具

Antique reproduction furniture 仿古家具 Armchair 扶手椅

BBaby crib 婴儿床

Backless wall-unit 不设背板的壁橱 Bamboo furniture 竹家具 Banqueting chair 宴会椅 Barstool 吧椅

Bathroom accessories 浴室配套装置 Bathroom combination 浴室组合柜 Bathroom consoles 浴室多用架 Bathroom furniture 浴室家具 Bathroom vanity 浴室盥洗台 Batten door 板条门 Bed base床架，床套

Bed base set 成套床架

Bedroom suite 卧室系列家具 Bedstead 床架

Bentwood furniture 曲木家具 Beside table 床头柜 Birch door 桦木门

Board-room and conference table 会议桌 Bookcase 书柜 Bookshelf 书架

Built-in kitchen 配套厨房家具 Bunk 双层床 Bunk bed 双层床

CCabin bed 儿童多功能床

Cabin furniture for ships 船用家具 Canopy bed 带天篷的床，四柱床

CD-video storage cabinet边 音响组合柜 Chair with castors 脚轮椅 Changing table 可调桌 Chest of drawers 多屉橱柜 Child cot 童床

Children’s bed 儿童床

Children’s bedroom suite 儿童卧房系列家具

Children’s chair 儿童椅

CKD(complete knock down)整体拆装式家具 Clothes rail 挂衣杆

Cocktail cabinet 吧柜，酒柜 Cocktail table 鸡尾酒桌 Coffee table 茶几，咖啡桌 Combine-unit 组合柜

Composite furniture 复合家具 Console 小桌

Console table（装在墙上的）蜗形腿台桌 Contract furniture 订做家具，承建家具 Contract programmes 订做家具 Corner sofa suite 拐角扶杆 Cot 童床（婴儿床）Couch 长沙发椅 Cupboard 橱柜

Cupboard wall unit for flat 套房衣柜 Curtain 窗帘，挂帘

Customized furniture 订做家具

3-section mirror 三面梳妆镜 Adjustable bed 可调床 Air bed 气床

altar 供桌((教堂内的)圣坛,祭坛;(基督教教堂内的)圣餐台)

ancient folding chair 高背椅

Anti-slip strip for stairs 楼梯防滑条

armchair 扶手椅；高背椅；帆布椅；单人沙发 armoire 雕饰衣柜(装潢精美之大衣柜)baby chair 婴儿座椅 crib 婴儿床

crib tent 有帐婴儿床

Backless wall-unit 不设背板的壁橱 back-rest chair 可翻动椅

banquet/banqueting chair 宴会椅 banquet/banqueting table 宴会桌 bar stool 吧椅；酒吧高脚凳

Bathroom combination 浴室组合柜 Bathroom consoles 浴室多用架 Bathroom vanity 浴室盥洗台

beauty(/dressing)case 女用化装箱

bed 床

bedside screen 床边屏风

bedside table;night table;bedside cupboard;beside table;nightstand 床头柜 bench 长凳（条凳）Board-room table 会议桌

boisseries（具西方古典风格的家具<柜子？>，可放电视机、书和装饰陈列品等）bookcase 书橱、书架 Bookshelf 书架 bookslide 活动书架

built-in cupboard(/cabinet)壁橱/壁柜

Bunk(车、船等倚壁而设常有上、下铺的)架式床铺,铺位Bunk bed 两张或三张单人床叠架设置,通常有扶梯 bureau 五斗柜/五斗橱 bureau with mirror 有镜衣柜；五斗柜；梳妆台（美）；写字台,书桌（英）

Cabin bed 儿童多功能床

Cabin furniture for ships 船用家具 cabinet for cleaning-tools 清扫用具柜 camp bed(/cot)行军床；帆布床 Canopy bed 带天篷的床，四柱床 car bed 可携式童床

CD-video storage cabinet 音响组合柜 chair 椅子（通常指单人用的）chair bed 坐卧两用椅 Chair with castors 脚轮椅 Changing table 婴儿床 chess table 下棋桌

chest of drawers 五斗柜；衣柜（美）；（通常是木制的、有盖的、带锁的、通常会包上铁皮的）旅行/储物柜（在网上看到的解释）

chiffoniers（高高的带镜子的）五斗橱（美）；（上置餐具柜的可移动的）食品柜 Child cot 童床

china cabinet 瓷器橱 closet 壁橱;碗橱;衣橱 closet on chest 双层橱

clothes closet;wardrobe;hanging cupboard 立柜 clothes press 衣柜/衣橱 clothes tree 柱式衣帽架 Cocktail cabinet 吧柜，酒柜 Cocktail table 鸡尾酒桌

Coffee table 茶几；咖啡桌（配沙发用）Combine-unit 组合柜

commode 衣柜;橱;洗脸台；室内便器 conference table 会议桌

console 小桌（可放装饰品等<网上的图片>）；（电脑的）操作桌；（收音机等的）落地柜 Console table 桌案 corner cabinet 壁角橱 Corner sofa suite 拐角扶杆 Cot 童床（婴儿床）；轻便床；窄床；帆布床 couch 长沙发；睡椅 cradle 摇篮

crib;baby's crib 儿童床

cupboard 碗柜；橱柜；壁柜

Cupboard wall unit for flat 套房衣柜 curios cabinet 古玩柜

deck(/sling/reclining)chair 躺椅 desk 办公桌；书桌 desk chair 办公椅 dining chair 餐椅 Dining table 餐桌 dining(dinner)table 餐桌 display cupboard 摆饰橱 divan 长沙发椅；沙发床 double bed 双人床 double chair 双人椅

Double function sofa-bed 双人沙发床 Double sided mirror 双面镜 Double-bed 双人床

double-deck(/bunk/double-decker)bed 双层床 Draughtsman chair 吧椅 drawing table 活面餐桌 dressing stool 梳妆凳

dressing(/toilet)table 梳妆台/桌 drinks cupboard 饮料橱 drop leaf table 方圆两用桌

easy(/comfort/reclining)chair 安乐椅

Eight Immortals table(for eight peole)八仙桌 end table 有抽屉茶几

entertainment center 电视、音响、陈列柜 file cabinet 档案柜

Filing cabinet 文件柜；公文柜 filing drawer 分隔用抽屉 Fireplace 壁炉

fitted cupboards（尺寸合适的橱柜？）Flower stand 花架 folding bed 折叠床 Folding chair 折叠椅

folding screen 围屏；折叠屏风 folding stool 折叠凳

folding(/collapsible)chair 折叠椅 folding(/gate-legged)table 折叠桌 footrest 搁脚凳

Foot-stool 踏脚凳；杌凳；脚踏 four-drawer desk 四屉桌

French cabinet 法式弯脚桌椅 Function sofa 多功能沙发椅 Game table 游戏桌

glass and wood cabinet 玻璃柜 Glass cabinet/case 玻璃陈设柜 glass table 玻璃桌 glider table 滑动桌 hammock 吊床

hammock chair 帆布躺椅 Hat and coat stand 衣帽架 hat rack(stand)衣帽架 hat tree 立式衣帽架 Headboard 床头（板）headrest 头靠 headstock 床头箱 HI-FI, TV, computer furniture 音响（高传真的）、电视、电脑家具

High bed 儿童高脚床（不带屉柜）High chair 高脚椅

Highback executive chair 高背办公椅 high-backed chair 扶手转椅 hutch 储藏箱、柜 jewel case 枕头箱

Junior desk chair 学生书桌椅 kang table 炕桌 king size bed 特大床 Kitchen cabinet 餐具柜

Kitchen chair, stool and bench 厨房椅、圆凳及条椅 Kitchen fitment 厨房固定家具 Kitchen table 厨房餐桌 Lamp table 灯桌 Link chair 写字板椅 Locker 衣帽柜

long narrow table 条案 long table 长形桌 lounge 躺椅；卧榻

Louvered door 百叶窗柜门 love seat 鸳鸯椅;双人椅 low stool 矮凳

Lowback executive chair 低背办公椅 Lowback guest chair 低背来宾椅 Lowback visitor chair 低背接待椅 luggage case 一般行李箱

Magazine and Newspaper Shelving 报刊杂志架 Managerial mediumback chair 中背经理椅 medicine cupboard 医药橱

Mediumback executive chair 中背办公椅 Mirror door 玻璃门

Mirror for chest of drawers 多屉柜梳妆镜 mobile case 有轮行李箱 Morris chair(沙发椅)Multi-purpose sofa 多用沙发 Multi-purpose table 多用桌 musical stool 琴凳 Nest 茶几

nest of table 套几 nest sofa（？沙发）

newspaper file(/rod/rack)报纸架

Newspaper Racks & Display Stands 报架 Occasional table 休闲桌 office desk 办公桌

Office seating 办公座椅 Office table 办公桌

old-fashioned wooden armchair 太师椅 ottoman 搁脚凳 oval table 椭圆形桌

over-stuff seat/chair 软垫座椅 painted screen 画屏 Partition wall 隔断 Pembroke table 折面桌 plank bed 木板床

Planters chair 园艺工用椅

Presidential highback chair 高背办公椅 pulldown bed;motor driven bed 活动床 Pull-out table 伸缩餐桌 rectangular table 长方桌

red-lacquered chest 红漆木箱 Refectory table 长餐桌

revolving chair;swivel armchair;rotary chair 转椅 rocking chair;rocker 摇椅 round bed 圆床 round stool 圆凳 round table 圆桌

round-backed armchair 圈椅 School table 课桌 screen 屏风 Seat 座椅

secretaire 写字桌(尤指有抽屉及分类格者)Secretarial chair 秘书椅 sectional sofa 拼合沙发 semi-CKD 半拆装家具

separate wine cabinet 独立厨柜 serving table 送餐桌

settee;chaise longue 长靠椅 shelving combination 组合架？ shoe rack 鞋架 side table 小桌 sideboard 餐具柜

simmous bed 席梦思床 single bed 单人床 slat stool 板条凳

sleeper sofa 可睡沙发 sofa 沙发

sofa bed 沙发床 sofa table 沙发桌 soft chair 软椅

spring bed;steel cot 钢丝床；弹簧床 spring-seat chair 弹簧座椅 square stool 方凳 square table 方桌 steel chair 扶手椅 steel desk 钢制写字台 steel safe 保险柜 step stool 梯凳

stool 凳子；搁脚凳

storage for umbrellas 伞架 straight back chair 直背椅 strong box;safe 保险箱 studio couch 单人沙发床

suitcase;trunk 衣箱；小型旅行箱 swivel armchair 帆布折叠躺椅 swivel-top stool 转动凳 table 桌子；餐桌

table on castors 活动桌

tables and stools for technic 技术用桌子和凳子 teapoy;tea table 茶几 three-drawer desk 三屉桌 three-legged stool 三腿凳

three-seater sofa 长沙发；三座沙发 throw pillow 靠枕 tip-up chair 轮椅 towel rack 毛巾架

tray table 折叠式餐具小几 trestle table 支架式活面餐桌 tripod table 三腿桌 trunk 大型旅行箱 tub chair 半圆靠背椅 turn table 餐桌转盘 TV rack 电视机柜

twin beds 成对单人床；对床 two-seat desk 双人写字台 typing desk 打字桌 umbrella stand 雨伞架 upholstered chair 布面椅

upholstered(/padded)armchair;single-seater sofa 单人沙发

wall unit 墙壁挂橱

wardrobe 衣橱,衣柜,藏衣室；大立柜 washstand 脸盆架 wheelchair 木椅 wicker chair 细藤椅

wicker suitcase(/trunk)柳条箱 woman's dressing case 镜箱 wood carved trunk 雕花木箱

wooden bed frame strung with crisscross coir ropes 棕绷床

wooden bench(/stool)板凳 writing desk 写字台

bistro Tables 小酒吧桌（家庭用的）parson chair 教会风格的椅子 motion 多功能沙发 stationary sofa 沙发

airport installations 机场设备 Bathroom furniture 浴室家具 bedroom furniture 卧室家具 Built-in kitchen 配套厨房家具

Children’s bedroom suite 儿童卧房系列家具 decoration furniture 装饰家具 Dining room furniture 餐厅家具 entrance hall furniture 门厅家具

Fittings(房屋内的)设备,装置,家具[P1]

garden/terrace furniture 花园；庭院/露台家具 Hall furniture 厅房家具

Home office furniture 家庭办公家具

Home/household furniture 家庭家具，民用家具 hotel business furniture 酒店商务家具 Hotel furniture 酒店家具

Institutional furniture 公用家具；社团/学校用家具 juvenile bedroom furniture 青少年卧室家具 Kitchen unit 厨房成套家具

Living room furniture 起居室家具 Lounge furniture 客厅家具 Office furniture 办公家具 Play furniture 娱乐家具

public premises furniture 公共场所家具 puff furniture 软泡沫家具

RDA/DIY furniture（？/自装式家具）school furniture 学校家具 site furniture 公共场所家具

store fitting furniture 商店/仓库家具 dinette 小餐室

Alabaster 雪花石膏；条纹大理石 Alder

Aluminium 铝

Aluminum alloy 铝合金 artificial leather 人造革 Ash 白蜡树 Aspen Bamboo 竹

Beech 山毛榉,柏 Bentwood 曲木 Betula/birch 桦木 Brass 黄铜 Bronze 青铜

camphorwood 樟木 cane 粗藤

Cherry tree 樱桃木 Chestnut 樱桃木

Cloth 布;(棉、毛、合成纤维等)织物

Corian 可丽耐（一种以甲基丙稀甲醇(NMA)的聚合体,与天然矿石及颜料组合而成的合成材料）DM（？）Eucalyptu 桉树 fiberboard 纤维板 Glass 玻璃

Iron Forged 锻铁 ironwork 铁制品 Kasya（？）Lacqued（？）Leather 皮革 Mahagony 红木 Maple 枫木

Marbre（Marble）大理石（非常硬的石灰岩,一般有多种颜色并能抛光）

Melamine 密胺;三聚氰胺(?)Metal 金属

Methacrylate 甲基丙烯酸酯(?)Mukali 安妮格木（在安哥拉和刚果称为Mukali）Oak 橡木 Paper 纸制 parawood

Pine 松木

Pine furniture 松木家具 Plastic 塑料

Polypropylene 聚丙烯 Polyurethane 聚氨酯 Porcelain 瓷 Rattan 藤

rattan/wicker 藤/枝 resin 树脂；合成树脂

rosewood 黑檀,紫檀;黑檀(或紫檀)木材 screen 屏风；隔板 steel 钢

synthetic wood 合成/人造木材 teka（特佳<一种地板的品牌>）? textile 织物

upholstered component 弹簧垫配件 varnishes and glues 清漆及胶水

Veneer for Edges & Mouldings 边条/板条 walnut 胡桃木 wax 蜂蜡;石蜡 wicker 细藤

wickerwork 枝编物;枝条制品 wood 木制

iron forged 锻铁

Antique furniture 古式家具

Antique reproduction furniture 仿古家具 avant-garde 前卫家具 borax 简陋廉价家具

Chineses style furniture 中式家具

CKD(complete knock down)整体拆装式家具 classic 古典家具

collapsible furniture 折叠式家具 colonial 殖民地风格

combined furniture 组合家具 complementary articles

Composite furniture 复合家具

Contract/custom furniture 订做家具，承建家具 costly furniture 高档家具

contemporary furniture 当代家具 DIY furniture 自装式家具 ecologic 环保型家具 English classic 英式古典 expounding furniture

Fitment 固定家具

Folding furniture 折叠家具 Folk furniture 民间家具 French classic 法式古典

French-type furniture 模式家具 glass case 玻璃制品

Heirloom quality furniture 祖传家具 kknickknack 小家具

knockdown/movable furniture 活动家具 Louis Philippe 路易.菲利普式家具

modern furniture 新式家具；现代家具

nautical furniture（海员家具、海上风格家具？）Neoclassic 新古典主义 new furniture 新家具

occasional furniture 配套家具；休闲家具

old furniture reproduction（仿制古式家具？）period furniture 仿古式家具 raw furniture 原木/色家具 Restoration 复辟时期风格

Rustic/provenzal style furniture 乡村风格家具 traditional furnture 传统家具 urban rustic 都市乡村风格

used/second-hand furniture 旧家具 utility furniture 实用家具

Western-style/European style furniture 西式家具 wood structure 木结构家具 worn-out furniture 破家具

mission furniture 西班牙教会式家具（按照20世纪初期美国西南部西班牙教会所用家具仿造的一种质朴、坚固的家具）

argyle 织成或编成菱形的 ceiling light 吸顶灯

contract lighting 定做照明设备？ decoration lighting 装饰照明设备 Decorative lighting 装饰灯具 embedded 嵌入式照明设备 exterior lighting 户外照明 floodlight 泛光灯 fluorescent 荧光灯 halogenous 卤素灯？ lamp 灯

lighting accessories 照明设备配件 lighting machinery 照明设备机械 nautical lighting 海上照明设备？ pendant 吊灯

standard lamp（？ table lamp 台灯 广义工业设计 Generalized Industrial Design 6 狭义工业设计 Narrow Industrial Design 7 产品设计 Product Design 传播设计 Communication Design 8 环境设计 Environmental Design 9 商业设计 Comercial Design 10 建筑设计 Architectural 一维设计 One-dimension Design 12 二维设计 Tow-dimension Design 13 三维设计 Three-dimension Design 14 四维设计 Four-dimension Design 15 装饰、装潢 Decoration wall and ceiling fixture 墙壁/天花板固定装置

Accessories 房间陈设

airbrush 利用压缩空气的喷雾器;喷枪

back rest 椅子靠背

Bathroom accessories 浴室配套装置

Batten door 板条门

Bed base 床架，床套

bed frame 床框架

bed post 床架杆；床柱

bedspring 弹簧床面

bedstead;bedframe 床架

board 木版；板

bookrest 阅书架

candle（烛台？）

centrepiece 餐桌中央摆设

chair cover 椅套

Christmas article 圣诞装饰品（不知道确切的翻译是什 么）

Clock 钟

closet pole 橱内挂架横杆

Clothes rail 挂衣杆

clothes-rack 衣架

coat hook 衣钩

component 零件

curtain 窗帘；门帘；帷幔

cushion 靠垫

degreasing tank（去油脂桶？）

Dividing wall and fitted wall unit 隔墙板及系列

door 门

Drawer 抽屉

dryer for furniture 家具干燥剂/器/烘干机

drying oven 干燥炉 设计 Design

现代设计 Modern Design 工艺美术设计 Craft Design 工业设计 Industrial Design

家具设计 Furniture Design 17 玩具设计 Toy Design 18 室内设计 Interior Design 19 服装设计 Costume Design 20 包装设计 ackaging Design 21 展示设计 Display Design 22 城市规划 Urban Desgin 生活环境 Living Environment 24 都市景观 Townscape 25 田园都市 Gardon City 办公室风致 Office Landscape 27 设计方法论 Design Methodology 28 设计语言 Design Language 29 设计条件 Design Condition 30 结构设计 Structure Design 31 形式设计 Form Design 32 设计过程 Design Process 33 构思设计 Concept Design

量产设计，工艺设计 Technological Design 35 改型设计 Model Change 36 设计调查 Design Survey 37 事前调查 Prior Survey 38 动态调查 Dynamic Survey 39 超小型设计 Compact type 40 袖珍型设计 Pocktable Type 41 便携型设计 Protable type

收纳型设计 Selfcontainning Design 43 装配式设计 Knock Down Type 44 集约化设计 Stacking Type 45 成套化设计 Set(Design)46 家族化设计 Family(Design)47 系列化设计 Series(Design)48 组合式设计 Unit Design 49 仿生设计 Bionics Design 50 功能 Function 51 独创性 Originality 52 创造力 Creative Power

外装 Facing

创造性思维 Creating Thinking

等价变换思维 Equivalent Transformationn Thought

KJ法 Method of K.J 57 戈顿法 Synectice

集体创造性思维法 Brain Storming 59 设计决策(Design)Decision Making 60 T-W-M体系 T-W-M system 61 O-R-M体系 O-R-M system 62 印象战略 Image Stralegy 63 AIDMA原则 Law of AIDMA

功能分化 Functional Differentiation 65 功能分析 Functional Analysis 66 生命周期 Life Cycle

照明设计 Illumination Design

第三篇：室内设计中英文翻译【适用于毕业论文外文翻译】

毕业设计英文资料翻译

Translation of the English Documents for Graduation Design

课题名称

院（系）专 业 姓 名 学 号 起讫日期 指导教师

2011 年 02 月 20 日

Interior Design

Susan Yelavich

Interior design embraces not only the decoration and furnishing of space, but also considerations of space planning, lighting, and programmatic issues pertaining to user behaviors, ranging from specific issues of accessibility to the nature of the activities to be conducted in the space.The hallmark of interior design today is a new elasticity in typologies, seen most dramatically in the domestication of commercial and public spaces.Interior design encompasses both the programmatic planning and physical treatment of interior space: the projection of its use and the nature of its furnishings and surfaces, that is, walls, floors, and ceilings.Interior design is distinguished from interior decoration in the scope of its purview.Decorators are primarily concerned with the selection of furnishings, while designers integrate the discrete elements of décor into programmatic concerns of space and use.Interior designers generally practice collaboratively with architects on the interiors of spaces built from the ground up, but they also work independently, particularly in the case of renovations.There is also a strong history of architect-designed interiors, rooted in the concept of Gesamtkunstwerk, the total work of art, that came out of the Arts & Crafts movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.It is no accident that its strongest proponents(from Frank Lloyd Wright to Mies van der Rohe)extended their practices to include the realm of interiors during the nascency of the interior-design profession.Indeed, it was a defensive measure taken by architects who viewed formal intervention by an interior decorator or designer as a threat to the integrity of their aesthetic.Today, apart from strict modernists like Richard Meier who place a premium on homogeneity, architects who take on the role of interior designer(and their numbers are growing)are more likely to be eclectic in philosophy and practice, paralleling the twenty-first century's valorization of plurality.Nonetheless, the bias against interior designers and the realm

of the interior itself continues to persist.Critical discussions of the interior have been hampered by its popular perception as a container of ephemera.Furthermore, conventional views of the interior have been fraught with biases: class biases related to centuries-old associations with tradesmen and gender biases related to the depiction of the decorating profession as primarily the domain of women and gay men.As a result, the credibility of the interior as an expression of cultural values has been seriously impaired.However, the conditions and the light in which culture-at-large is understood are changing under the impact of globalization.The distinctions between “high” culture and “low” culture are dissipating in a more tolerant climate that encourages the cross-fertilization between the two poles.Likewise, there are more frequent instances of productive borrowings among architecture, design, and decoration, once considered exclusive domains.And while the fields of architecture, interior design, and interior decoration still have different educational protocols and different concentrations of emphasis, they are showing a greater mutuality of interest.Another way to think of this emergent synthesis is to substitute the triad of “architecture, interior design, and decoration” with “modernity, technology, and history.” One of the hallmarks of the postmodern era is a heightened awareness of the role of the past in shaping the present.In the interior, this manifests itself in a renewed interest in ornament, in evidence of craft and materiality, and in spatial complexities, all running parallel to the ongoing project of modernity.Even more significantly, there is a new elasticity in typologies.Today, the traditional typologies of the interior—house, loft, office, restaurant, and so on—strain to control their borders.Evidence of programmatic convergences can clearly be seen in public and commercial spaces that aspire to be both more user-friendly and consumer-conscious.Growing numbers of private hospitals(in competition for patients)employ amenities and form languages inspired by luxury spas;at the same time, many gyms and health clubs are adopting the clinical mien of medical facilities to convince their clients of the value of their services.The same relaxation of interior protocols can be seen in offices that co-opt the informal, live-work ethic of the artist's loft, and in hotels that use the language(and contents)of galleries.Similarly, increasing numbers of grocery stores and bookstores include spaces and furniture for eating and socializing.Likewise, there is a new comfort with stylistic convergences in interiors that appropriate and recombine disparate quotations from design history.These are exemplified in spaces such as Rem Koolhaas' Casa da Musica(2005)in Porto, Portugal(with its inventive use of traditional Portuguese tiles), and Herzog & de Meuron's Walker Art Center(2005)in Minneapolis, Minnesota(where stylized acanthus-leaf patterns are used to mark gallery entrances).These interiors make an art out of hybridism.They do not simply mix and match period furnishings and styles, but refilter them through a contemporary lens.Another hallmark of the contemporary interior is the overt incorporation of narrative.Tightly themed environments persist in retail spaces such as Ralph Lauren's clothing stores and in entertainment spaces like Las Vegas casinos.However, a more playful and less linear approach to narrative is increasingly common.Of all the typologies of the interior, the residence has been least affected by change, apart from ephemeral trends such as outdoor kitchens and palatial bathrooms.However, the narrative of the residence dominates interior design at large.It has become the catalyst for rethinking a host of spaces once firmly isolated from it, ranging from the secretary's cubicle, to the nurse's station, to the librarian's reading room.Considerations such as the accommodation of personal accessories in the work space, the use of color in hospitals, and the provision of couches in libraries are increasingly common, to cite just three examples.The domestication of such environments(with curtains and wallpaper, among other residential elements)provides more comfort, more reassurance, and more pleasure to domains formerly defined by institutional prohibitions and social exclusions.Unquestionably, these changes in public and commercial spaces are indebted to the liberation movements of the late 1960s.The battles fought against barriers of race, class, gender, and physical ability laid the groundwork for a larger climate of hospitality and accommodation.It is also possible to detect a wholly other agenda in the popularity of the residential model.The introduction of domestic amenities into commercial spaces, such as recreation spaces in office interiors, can also be construed as part of a wider attempt to put a more acceptable face on the workings of free-market capitalism.In this view, interior design dons the mask of entertainment.There is nothing new about the charade.Every interior is fundamentally a stage set.Nor is it particularly insidious—as long as the conceit is transparent.Danger surfaces，however, when illusion becomes delusion—when design overcompensates for the realities of illness with patronizing sentiment, or when offices become surrogate apartments because of the relentless demands of a round-the-clock economy.In these instances, design relinquishes its potential to transform daily life in favor of what amounts to little more than a facile re-branding of space.Another force is driving the domestication of the interior and that is the enlarged public awareness of design and designers.There is a growing popular demand for design as amenity and status symbol, stimulated by the proliferation of shelter magazines, television shows devoted to home decorating, and the advertising campaigns of commercial entities such as Target and Ikea.In the Western world, prosperity, combined with the appetite of the media, has all but fetishized the interior, yielding yet another reflection of the narcissism of a consumer-driven society.On the one hand, there are positive, democratic outcomes of the growing public profile of design that can be seen in the rise of do-it-yourself web sites and enterprises like Home Depot that emphasize self-reliance.It can also be argued, more generally, that the reconsideration of beauty implicit in the valorization of design is an ameliorating social phenomenon by virtue of its propensity to inspire improvement.On the other hand, the popularization of interior design through personas such as Philippe Starck, Martha Stewart, and Barbara Barry has encouraged a superficial understanding of the interior that is more focused on objects than it is on behaviors and interactions among objects.For all the recent explosion of interest in interior design, it remains, however, a fundamentally conservative arena of design, rooted as it is in notions of enclosure, security, and comfort.This perception has been exacerbated by the growth of specialized practices focused, for example, on healthcare and hospitality.While such firms offer deep knowledge of the psychology, mechanics, and economies of particular environments, they also perpetuate distinctions that hinder a more integral approach to the interior as an extension of architecture and even the landscape outside.One notable exception is the growth of design and architecture firms accruing expertise in sustainable materials and their applications to the interior.At the same time that design firms are identifying themselves with sustainability and promoting themselves as environmentalists, a movement is building to incorporate environmental responsibility within normative practice.Over the past four decades, efforts have intensified to professionalize the field of interior design and to accord it a status equal to that of architecture.In the US and Canada the Council for Interior Design Accreditation, formerly known as FIDER, reviews interior design education programs at colleges and universities to regulate standards of practice.Furthermore, the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design(ICSID)embraces interior design within its purview, defining it as part of “intellectual profession, and not simply a trade or a service for enterprises.”

Yet, the education of interior designers remains tremendously variable, with no uniformity of pedagogy.Hence, interior design continues to be perceived as an arena open to the specialist and the amateur.This perception is indicative of both the relatively short history of the profession itself and the broader cultural forces of inclusion and interactivity that mark a global society.原文来源：

Board of International Research in Design，Design Dictionary Perspectives on Design Terminology，Birkhäuser Verlag AG 2008

第四篇：展会常用英语词汇中英文

香港展会PCB专业术语（中英文）

1.线路板生产流程：

• 板材(board)：硬板 rigid board、环氧玻璃纤维板(FR-4)Epoxy glass fiber board-type4

双面板 double layers board 多层板 Multi-layers board • 开料(board cut)：来料检查material incoming inspection、剪板 material-cutting

磨边Milling、洗板 board washing、烤板 board baking • 内层线路inner circuit：前处理pretreat、压干膜dry film pressing、对位registration

曝光exposed、显影development、蚀刻etching、品质控制（QC）quality control

• 层压：lamination-pressing • 钻孔 drilling • 沉铜(PTH)plated through hole • 外层线路outer circuit • 外层蚀刻：outer etching • 阻焊 soldermask • 字符 legends • 表面处理surface finishing：沉金(ENIG)Electroless nickel immersion gold

沉银immersion silver 沉锡 immersion Tin；有铅喷锡(HAL)Hot air leveling

无铅喷锡Lead-free hot air leveling 抗氧化(OSP)Organic Solderability Preservatives；

电金gold-plating； 金手指 gold finger • 成型routing：冲压pounching、楔形掏槽（V-cut）wedge cut • 电测试(E-test)electronic test：飞针probeflying, 测试架fixture • 终检（FQC）final quality control • 包装packing

2.其他相关术语

a.金厚测试仪gold thickness tester 阻抗测试仪impedance tester

拉力测试仪Tension measuring instrument 二次元测试仪 Two dimensional tester b.通孔Vias、过孔via hole 埋孔buried holes、盲孔blind holes 定位孔tooling holes

半固化片（PP）prepreg c.拼板panel、工艺边tooling edge、干膜dry film、菲林film d.尺寸size、样板sample、批量mass production、交期lead time、产能production capacity e.板厚board thickness、铜厚copper thickness、公差tolerance f.线宽line width、线距line space、孔径hole size

第五篇：中英文翻译

Fundamentals This chapter describes the fundamentals of today’s wireless communications.First a detailed description of the radio channel and its modeling are presented, followed by the introduction of the principle of OFDM multi-carrier transmission.In addition, a general overview of the spread spectrum technique, especially DS-CDMA, is given and examples of potential applications for OFDM and DS-CDMA are analyzed.This introduction is essential for a better understanding of the idea behind the combination of OFDM with the spread spectrum technique, which is briefly introduced in the last part of this chapter.1.1 Radio Channel Characteristics Understanding the characteristics of the communications medium is crucial for the appropriate selection of transmission system architecture, dimensioning of its components, and optimizing system parameters, especially since mobile radio channels are considered to be the most difficult channels, since they suffer from many imperfections like multipath fading, interference, Doppler shift, and shadowing.The choice of system components is totally different if, for instance, multipath propagation with long echoes dominates the radio propagation.Therefore, an accurate channel model describing the behavior of radio wave propagation in different environments such as mobile/fixed and indoor/outdoor is needed.This may allow one, through simulations, to estimate and validate the performance of a given transmission scheme in its several design phases.1.1.1 Understanding Radio Channels In mobile radio channels(see Figure 1-1), the transmitted signal suffers from different effects, which are characterized as follows: Multipath propagation occurs as a consequence of reflections, scattering, and diffraction of the transmitted electromagnetic wave at natural and man-made objects.Thus, at the receiver antenna, a multitude of waves arrives from many different directions with different delays, attenuations, and phases.The superposition of these waves results in amplitude and phase variations of the composite received signal.Doppler spread is caused by moving objects in the mobile radio channel.Changes in the phases and amplitudes of the arriving waves occur which lead to time-variant multipath propagation.Even small movements on the order of the wavelength may result in a totally different wave superposition.The varying signal strength due to time-variant multipath propagation is referred to as fast fading.Shadowing is caused by obstruction of the transmitted waves by, e.g., hills, buildings, walls, and trees, which results in more or less strong attenuation of the signal strength.Compared to fast fading, longer distances have to be covered to significantly change the shadowing constellation.The varying signal strength due to shadowing is called slow fading and can be described by a log-normal distribution [36].Path loss indicates how the mean signal power decays with distance between transmitter and receiver.In free space, the mean signal power decreases with the square of the distance between base station(BS)and terminal station(TS).In a mobile radio channel, where often no line of sight(LOS)path exists, signal power decreases with a power higher than two and is typically in the order of three to five.Variations of the received power due to shadowing and path loss can be efficiently counteracted by power control.In the following, the mobile radio channel is described with respect to its fast fading characteristic.1.1.2 Channel Modeling The mobile radio channel can be characterized by the time-variant channel impulse response h(τ , t)or by the time-variant channel transfer function H(f, t), which is the Fourier transform of h(τ , t).The channel impulse response represents the response of the channel at time t due to an impulse applied at time t − τ.The mobile radio channel is assumed to be a wide-sense stationary random process, i.e., the channel has a fading statistic that remains constant over short periods of time or small spatial distances.In environments with multipath propagation, the channel impulse response is composed of a large number of scattered impulses received over Np different paths，Where

and ap, fD,p, ϕp, and τp are the amplitude, the Doppler frequency, the phase, and the propagation delay, respectively, associated with path p, p = 0,..., Np − 1.The assigned channel transfer function is

The delays are measured relative to the first detectable path at the receiver.The Doppler Frequency

depends on the velocity v of the terminal station, the speed of light c, the carrier frequency fc, and the angle of incidence αp of a wave assigned to path p.A channel impulse response with corresponding channel transfer function is illustrated in Figure 1-2.The delay power density spectrum ρ(τ)that characterizes the frequency selectivity of the mobile radio channel gives the average power of the channel output as a function of the delay τ.The mean delay τ , the root mean square(RMS)delay spread τRMS and the maximum delay τmax are characteristic parameters of the delay power density spectrum.The mean delay is

Where

Figure 1-2 Time-variant channel impulse response and channel transfer function with frequency-selective fading is the power of path p.The RMS delay spread is defined as Similarly, the Doppler power density spectrum S(fD)can be defined that characterizes the time variance of the mobile radio channel and gives the average power of the channel output as a function of the Doppler frequency fD.The frequency dispersive properties of multipath channels are most commonly quantified by the maximum occurring Doppler frequency fDmax and the Doppler spread fDspread.The Doppler spread is the bandwidth of the Doppler power density spectrum and can take on values up to two times |fDmax|, i.e.，1.1.3Channel Fade Statistics The statistics of the fading process characterize the channel and are of importance for channel model parameter specifications.A simple and often used approach is obtained from the assumption that there is a large number of scatterers in the channel that contribute to the signal at the receiver side.The application of the central limit theorem leads to a complex-valued Gaussian process for the channel impulse response.In the absence of line of sight(LOS)or a dominant component, the process is zero-mean.The magnitude of the corresponding channel transfer function

is a random variable, for brevity denoted by a, with a Rayleigh distribution given by

Where

is the average power.The phase is uniformly distributed in the interval [0, 2π].In the case that the multipath channel contains a LOS or dominant component in addition to the randomly moving scatterers, the channel impulse response can no longer be modeled as zero-mean.Under the assumption of a complex-valued Gaussian process for the channel impulse response, the magnitude a of the channel transfer function has a Rice distribution given by

The Rice factor KRice is determined by the ratio of the power of the dominant path to thepower of the scattered paths.I0 is the zero-order modified Bessel function of first kind.The phase is uniformly distributed in the interval [0, 2π].1.1.4Inter-Symbol(ISI)and Inter-Channel Interference(ICI)The delay spread can cause inter-symbol interference(ISI)when adjacent data symbols overlap and interfere with each other due to different delays on different propagation paths.The number of interfering symbols in a single-carrier modulated system is given by

For high data rate applications with very short symbol duration Td < τmax, the effect of ISI and, with that, the receiver complexity can increase significantly.The effect of ISI can be counteracted by different measures such as time or frequency domain equalization.In spread spectrum systems, rake receivers with several arms are used to reduce the effect of ISI by exploiting the multipath diversity such that individual arms are adapted to different propagation paths.If the duration of the transmitted symbol is significantly larger than the maximum delay Td τmax, the channel produces a negligible amount of ISI.This effect is exploited with multi-carrier transmission where the duration per transmitted symbol increases with the number of sub-carriers Nc and, hence, the amount of ISI decreases.The number of interfering symbols in a multi-carrier modulated system is given by

Residual ISI can be eliminated by the use of a guard interval(see Section 1.2).The maximum Doppler spread in mobile radio applications using single-carrier modulation is typically much less than the distance between adjacent channels, such that the effect of interference on adjacent channels due to Doppler spread is not a problem for single-carrier modulated systems.For multi-carrier modulated systems, the sub-channel spacing Fs can become quite small, such that Doppler effects can cause significant ICI.As long as all sub-carriers are affected by a common Doppler shift fD, this Doppler shift can be compensated for in the receiver and ICI can be avoided.However, if Doppler spread in the order of several percent of the sub-carrier spacing occurs, ICI may degrade the system performance significantly.To avoid performance degradations due to ICI or more complex receivers with ICI equalization, the sub-carrier spacing Fs should be chosen as

such that the effects due to Doppler spread can be neglected(see Chapter 4).This approach corresponds with the philosophy of OFDM described in Section 1.2 and is followed in current OFDM-based wireless standards.Nevertheless, if a multi-carrier system design is chosen such that the Doppler spread is in the order of the sub-carrier spacing or higher, a rake receiver in the frequency domain can be used [22].With the frequency domain rake receiver each branch of the rake resolves a different Doppler frequency.1.1.5Examples of Discrete Multipath Channel Models Various discrete multipath channel models for indoor and outdoor cellular systems with different cell sizes have been specified.These channel models define the statistics of the 5 discrete propagation paths.An overview of widely used discrete multipath channel models is given in the following.COST 207 [8]: The COST 207 channel models specify four outdoor macro cell propagation scenarios by continuous, exponentially decreasing delay power density spectra.Implementations of these power density spectra by discrete taps are given by using up to 12 taps.Examples for settings with 6 taps are listed in Table 1-1.In this table for several propagation environments the corresponding path delay and power profiles are given.Hilly terrain causes the longest echoes.The classical Doppler spectrum with uniformly distributed angles of arrival of the paths can be used for all taps for simplicity.Optionally, different Doppler spectra are defined for the individual taps in [8].The COST 207 channel models are based on channel measurements with a bandwidth of 8–10 MHz in the 900-MHz band used for 2G systems such as GSM.COST 231 [9] and COST 259 [10]: These COST actions which are the continuation of COST 207 extend the channel characterization to DCS 1800, DECT, HIPERLAN and UMTS channels, taking into account macro, micro, and pico cell scenarios.Channel models with spatial resolution have been defined in COST 259.The spatial component is introduced by the definition of several clusters with local scatterers, which are located in a circle around the base station.Three types of channel models are defined.The macro cell type has cell sizes from 500 m up to 5000 m and a carrier frequency of 900 MHz or 1.8 GHz.The micro cell type is defined for cell sizes of about 300 m and a carrier frequency of 1.2 GHz or 5 GHz.The pico cell type represents an indoor channel model with cell sizes smaller than 100 m in industrial buildings and in the order of 10 m in an office.The carrier frequency is 2.5 GHz or 24 GHz.COST 273: The COST 273 action additionally takes multi-antenna channel models into account, which are not covered by the previous COST actions.CODIT [7]: These channel models define typical outdoor and indoor propagation scenarios for macro, micro, and pico cells.The fading characteristics of the various propagation environments are specified by the parameters of the Nakagami-m distribution.Every environment is defined in terms of a number of scatterers which can take on values up to 20.Some channel models consider also the angular distribution of the scatterers.They have been developed for the investigation of 3G system proposals.Macro cell channel type models have been developed for carrier frequencies around 900 MHz with 7 MHz bandwidth.The micro and pico cell channel type models have been developed for carrier frequencies between 1.8 GHz and 2 GHz.The bandwidths of the measurements are in the range of 10–100 MHz for macro cells and around 100 MHz for pico cells.JTC [28]: The JTC channel models define indoor and outdoor scenarios by specifying 3 to 10 discrete taps per scenario.The channel models are designed to be applicable for wideband digital mobile radio systems anticipated as candidates for the PCS(Personal Communications Systems)common air interface at carrier frequencies of about 2 GHz.UMTS/UTRA [18][44]: Test propagation scenarios have been defined for UMTS and UTRA system proposals which are developed for frequencies around 2 GHz.The modeling of the multipath propagation corresponds to that used by the COST 207 channel models.HIPERLAN/2 [33]: Five typical indoor propagation scenarios for wireless LANs in the 5 GHz frequency band have been defined.Each scenario is described by 18discrete taps of the delay power density spectrum.The time variance of the channel(Doppler spread)is modeled by a classical Jake’s spectrum with a maximum terminal speed of 3 m/h.Further channel models exist which are, for instance, given in [16].1.1.6Multi-Carrier Channel Modeling Multi-carrier systems can either be simulated in the time domain or, more computationally efficient, in the frequency domain.Preconditions for the frequency domain implementation are the absence of ISI and ICI, the frequency nonselective fading per sub-carrier, and the time-invariance during one OFDM symbol.A proper system design approximately fulfills these preconditions.The discrete channel transfer function adapted to multi-carrier signals results in

where the continuous channel transfer function H(f, t)is sampled in time at OFDM symbol rate s and in frequency at sub-carrier spacing Fs.The duration

s is the total OFDM symbol duration including the guard interval.Finally, a symbol transmitted onsub-channel n of the OFDM symbol i is multiplied by the resulting fading amplitude an,i and rotated by a random phase ϕn,i.The advantage of the frequency domain channel model is that the IFFT and FFT operation for OFDM and inverse OFDM can be avoided and the fading operation results in one complex-valued multiplication per sub-carrier.The discrete multipath channel models introduced in Section 1.1.5 can directly be applied to(1.16).A further simplification of the channel modeling for multi-carrier systems is given by using the so-called uncorrelated fading channel models.1.1.6.1Uncorrelated Fading Channel Models for Multi-Carrier Systems These channel models are based on the assumption that the fading on adjacent data symbols after inverse OFDM and de-interleaving can be considered as uncorrelated [29].This assumption holds when, e.g., a frequency and time interleaver with sufficient interleaving depth is applied.The fading amplitude an,i is chosen from a distribution p(a)according to the considered cell type and the random phase ϕn,I is uniformly distributed in the interval [0,2π].The resulting complex-valued channel fading coefficient is thus generated independently for each sub-carrier and OFDM symbol.For a propagation scenario in a macro cell without LOS, the fading amplitude an,i is generated by a Rayleigh distribution and the channel model is referred to as an uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channel.For smaller cells where often a dominant propagation component occurs, the fading amplitude is chosen from a Rice distribution.The advantages of the uncorrelated fading channel models for multi-carrier systems are their simple implementation in the frequency domain and the simple reproducibility of the simulation results.1.1.7Diversity The coherence bandwidth of a mobile radio channel is the bandwidth over which the signal propagation characteristics are correlated and it can be approximated by

The channel is frequency-selective if the signal bandwidth B is larger than the coherence bandwidth.On the other hand, if B is smaller than , the channel is frequency nonselective or flat.The coherence bandwidth of the channel is of importance for evaluating the performance of spreading and frequency interleaving techniques that try to exploit the inherent frequency diversity Df of the mobile radio channel.In the case of multi-carrier transmission, frequency diversity is exploited if the separation of sub-carriers transmitting the same information exceeds the coherence bandwidth.The maximum achievable frequency diversity Df is given by the ratio between the signal bandwidth B and the coherence bandwidth，The coherence time of the channel is the duration over which the channel characteristics can be considered as time-invariant and can be approximated by

If the duration of the transmitted symbol is larger than the coherence time, the channel is time-selective.On the other hand, if the symbol duration is smaller than , the channel is time nonselective during one symbol duration.The coherence time of the channel is of importance for evaluating the performance of coding and interleaving techniques that try to exploit the inherent time diversity DO of the mobile radio channel.Time diversity can be exploited if the separation between time slots carrying the same information exceeds the coherence time.A number of Ns successive time slots create a time frame of duration Tfr.The maximum time diversity Dt achievable in one time frame is given by the ratio between the duration of a time frame and the coherence time, A system exploiting frequency and time diversity can achieve the overall diversity

The system design should allow one to optimally exploit the available diversity DO.For instance, in systems with multi-carrier transmission the same information should be transmitted on different sub-carriers and in different time slots, achieving uncorrelated faded replicas of the information in both dimensions.Uncoded multi-carrier systems with flat fading per sub-channel and time-invariance during one symbol cannot exploit diversity and have a poor performance in time and frequency selective fading channels.Additional methods have to be applied to exploit diversity.One approach is the use of data spreading where each data symbol is spread by a spreading code of length L.This, in combination with interleaving, can achieve performance results which are given for

by the closed-form solution for the BER for diversity reception in Rayleigh fading channels according to [40]

Whererepresents the combinatory function，and σ2 is the variance of the noise.As soon as the interleaving is not perfect or the diversity offered by the channel is smaller than the spreading code length L, or MCCDMA with multiple access interference is applied,(1.22)is a lower bound.For L = 1, the performance of an OFDM system without forward error correction(FEC)is obtained, 9

which cannot exploit any diversity.The BER according to(1.22)of an OFDM(OFDMA, MC-TDMA)system and a multi-carrier spread spectrum(MC-SS)system with different spreading code lengths L is shown in Figure 1-3.No other diversity techniques are applied.QPSK modulation is used for symbol mapping.The mobile radio channel is modeled as uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channel(see Section 1.1.6).As these curves show, for large values of L, the performance of MC-SS systems approaches that of an AWGN channel.Another form of achieving diversity in OFDM systems is channel coding by FEC, where the information of each data bit is spread over several code bits.Additional to the diversity gain in fading channels, a coding gain can be obtained due to the selection of appropriate coding and decoding algorithms.中文翻译 1基本原理

这章描述今日的基本面的无线通信。第一一个的详细说明无线电频道，它的模型被介绍，跟随附近的的介绍的原则的参考正交频分复用多载波传输。此外，一个一般概观的扩频技术，尤其ds-cdma，被给，潜力的例子申请参考正交频分复用，DS对1。分配的通道传输功能是

有关的延误测量相对于第一个在接收器检测到的路径。多普勒频率

取决于终端站，光速c，载波频率fc的速度和发病路径分配给速度v波αp角度页具有相应通道传输信道冲激响应函数图1-2所示。

延迟功率密度谱ρ（τ）为特征的频率选择性移动无线电频道给出了作为通道的输出功能延迟τ平均功率。平均延迟τ，均方根（RMS）的时延扩展τRMS和最大延迟τmax都是延迟功率密度谱特征参数。平均时延特性参数为

有

图1-2时变信道冲激响应和通道传递函数频率选择性衰落是权力页的路径均方根时延扩展的定义为 同样，多普勒频谱的功率密度（FD）的特点可以定义

在移动时变无线信道，并给出了作为一种金融衍生工具功能的多普勒频率通道输出的平均功率。多径信道频率分散性能是最常见的量化发生的多普勒频率和多普勒fDmax蔓延fDspread最大。多普勒扩散是功率密度的多普勒频谱带宽，可价值观需要两年时间| fDmax|，即

1.1.3频道淡出统计

在衰落过程中的统计特征和重要的渠道是信道模型参数规格。一个简单而经常使用的方法是从假设有一个通道中的散射，有助于在大量接收端的信号。该中心极限定理的应用导致了复杂的值的高斯信道冲激响应过程。在对视线（LOS）或线的主要组成部分的情况下，这个过程是零的意思。相应的通道传递函数幅度

是一个随机变量，通过给定一个简短表示由瑞利分布，有

是的平均功率。相均匀分布在区间[0，2π]。

在案件的多通道包含洛杉矶的或主要组件除了随机移动散射，通道脉冲响应可以不再被建模为均值为零。根据信道脉冲响应的假设一个复杂的值高斯过程，其大小通道的传递函数A的水稻分布给出

赖斯因素KRice是由占主导地位的路径权力的威力比分散的路径。I0是零阶贝塞尔函数的第一阶段是一致kind.The在区间[0，2π]分发。

1.1.4符号间（ISI）和通道间干扰（ICI）

延迟的蔓延引起的符号间干扰（ISI）当相邻的数据符号上的重叠与互相不同的传播路径，由于不同的延迟干涉。符号的干扰在单载波调制系统的号码是给予

对于高数据符号持续时间很短运输署<蟿MAX时，ISI的影响，这样一来，速率应用，接收机的复杂性大大增加。对干扰影响，可以抵消，如时间或频域均衡不同的措施。在扩频系统，与几个臂Rake接收机用于减少通过利用多径分集等，个别武器适应不同的传播路径的干扰影响。

如果发送符号的持续时间明显高于大的最大延迟运输署蟿最大，渠道产生ISI的微不足道。这种效果是利用多载波传输的地方，每发送符号的增加与子载波数控数目，因此，ISI的金额减少的持续时间。符号的干扰多载波调制系统的号码是给予

可以消除符号间干扰由一个保护间隔（见1.2节）的使用。

最大多普勒在移动无线应用传播使用单载波调制通常比相邻通道，这样，干扰对由于多普勒传播相邻通道的作用不是一个单载波调制系统的问题距离。对于多载波调制系统，子通道间距FS可以变得非常小，这样可以造成严重的多普勒效应ICI的。只要所有子载波只要是一个共同的多普勒频移金融衍生工具的影响，这可以补偿多普勒频移在接收器和ICI是可以避免的。但是，如果在对多普勒子载波间隔为几个百分点的蔓延情况，卜内门可能会降低系统的性能显着。为了避免性能降级或因与ICI卜内门更复杂的接收机均衡，子载波间隔财政司司长应定为

这样说，由于多普勒效应可以忽略不扩散（见第4章）。这种方法对应于OFDM的1.2节中所述，是目前基于OFDM的无线标准遵循的理念。

不过，如果多载波系统的设计选择了这样的多普勒展宽在子载波间隔或更高，秩序是在频率RAKE接收机域名可以使用[22]。随着频域RAKE接收机每个支部耙解决了不同的多普勒频率。

1.1.5多径信道模型的离散的例子

各类离散多与不同的细胞大小的室内和室外蜂窝系统的信道模型已经被指定。这些通道模型定义的离散传播路径的统计信息。一种广泛使用的离散多径信道模型概述于下。造价207[8]：成本207信道模型指定连续四个室外宏蜂窝传播方案，指数下降延迟功率密度谱。这些频道功率密度的离散谱的实现都是通过使用多达12个频道。与6频道设置的示例列于表1-1。在这种传播环境的几个表中的相应路径延迟和电源配置给出。丘陵地形导致最长相呼应。

经典的多普勒频谱与均匀分布的到达角路径可以用于简化所有的频道。或者，不同的多普勒谱定义在[8]个人频道。207信道的成本模型是基于一个8-10兆赫的2G，如GSM系统中使用的900兆赫频段信道带宽的测量。造价231[9]和造价259[10]：这些费用是行动的延续成本207扩展通道特性到DCS1800的DECT，HIPERLAN和UMTS的渠道，同时考虑到宏观，微观和微微小区的情况为例。空间分辨率与已定义的通道模型在造价259。空间部分是介绍了与当地散射，这是在基站周围设几组圆的定义。三种类型的通道模型定义。宏细胞类型具有高达500〜5000米，载波频率为900兆赫或1.8 GHz的单元尺寸。微细胞类型被定义为细胞体积约300米，1.2 GHz或5 GHz载波频率。细胞类型代表的Pico与细胞体积小于100工业建筑物和办公室中的10 m阶米室内信道模型。载波频率为2.5 GHz或24千兆赫。造价273：成本273行动另外考虑到多天线信道模型，这是不是由先前的费用的行为包括在内。

CODIT [7]：这些通道模型定义的宏，微，微微蜂窝和室外和室内传播的典型案例。各种传播环境的衰落特性是指定的在NakagamiSS）的不同扩频码L是长度，如图1-3所示的系统。没有其他的分集技术被应用。QPSK调制用于符号映射。移动无线信道建模为不相关瑞利衰落信道（见1.1.6）。由于这些曲线显示，办法，AWGN信道的一对L时，对MC-SS系统性能有很大价值。

另一种实现形式的OFDM系统的多样性是由前向纠错信道编码，在这里，每个数据位的信息分散在几个代码位。附加在衰落信道分集增益，编码增益一个可因适当的编码和解码算法的选择。