[全]2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(汇总共三套)--第一套（五篇范例）

第一篇：[全]2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(汇总共三套)--第一套

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题

（一）Part Ⅰ Writing(30 minutes)

Directions； For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on learning and then explain why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information.You should write at least IW words hut no more than 180 words.“Once I learn how to use Google, isn’t that all the education I really need?” 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section A

Directions： In this section, you will hear H short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will he asked about what ms said.Both the conversation and the questions^^11 be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, You must read the choices marked A),B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.A)The woman is now working in a kindergarten.B)The man will soon start a business of his own.C)The man would like to be a high school teacher.D)The woman is going to major in child education.2.A)The furniture has to be rearranged.B)The sound equipment has to be set up.C)The conference room has to be cleaned.D)The video machine has to be checked.3.A)She is exhausted.C)She cannot finish work in time.B)She is near-sighted.D)She cannot go straight home.4.A)The woman is too particular about food.B)He would rather have a meal an hour later.C)The woman should order her food quickly.D)He usually prefers ice-cream to sandwiches.5.A)He is not a good mechanic.B)He doesn’t keep his promises.C)He spends his spare time doing repairs.D)He is always ready to offer help to others.6.A)Sam has a big family to support.B)Sam is not interested in traveling.C)The pay offered by the travel agency is too low.D)The work hours in the travel agency are too long.7.A)International trade.B)Product development.C)Financial consulting.D)Domestic retailing.8.A)Go on a business trip.B)Look for a job in Miami.C)Make a ticket reservation.D)Take a vacation Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A)It is located on Route 18.C)It is a beautiful little town.B)It has an interesting museum.D)It lies seven miles east of Newton.10.A)They are in opposite directions.C)They are quite close to each other.B)They are fifty-five miles apart.D)They are a long drive from Norwalk.11.A)They are connected by Route 7.C)They have lots of old houses.B)They are crowded with tourists.D)They have many rare plants.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Bring him up to date on the current situation in Milan.B)Inform him of the arrangements for his trip in Italy.C)Fetch the documents signed by Mr.Gartner.D)Accompany Mr.Gartner to the Linate airport 13.A)About 8:30.C)About 5:30.B)About 6:30.D)About 4:15.14.A)Mr.Gartner from Milan.C)The company's sales representative B)Gianni Riva at Megastar D)Gavin from the Chamber of Commerce 15.A)Travel agent.C)Secretary.B)Business manager.D)Saleswoman Section B

Directions； In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Passage One

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)She had a desire to help others.C)She needed some overseas experience.B)She wanted to find out more about it.D)She was interested in farming.17.A)Carry out a cultural exchange program.C)Learn Portuguese.B)Work on an agricultural project.D)Teach English.18.A)She found it difficult to secure a job in her own country.B)She wanted to renew her contact with the Peace Corps.C)She was invited to work as an English teacher.D)She could not get the country out of her mind.19.A)By teaching additional English classes.B)By writing stories for American newspapers.C)By working part time for the Peace Corps.D)By doing odd jobs for local institutions.Passage Two

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20.A)Time spent exercising.C)Time spent on leisure activities.B)Time spent working.D)Time spent with friends and family.21.A)Reading.C)Eating out.B)Surfing the Web.D)Watching TV.22.A)Driving.C)Going to the pub.B)Gardening.D)Visiting friends.Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A)The car driver was trying to avoid hitting a rabbit.B)The car driver was partly responsible for the accident.C)McLaughlin was talking to his manager while driving.D)McLaughlin’s carelessness resulted in the collision.24.A)He crashed into a car parked there.C)He tore down the company's main gate.B)He knocked down several mailboxes.D)He did serious damage to a loaded truck.25.A)He will lose his job.C)He will be fined heavily.B)He will have to pay damages.D)He will receive retraining.Section C

Directions：In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

When Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always ate 26 , they replied, “Because it is right.” If we ask Americans why they eat with knives and forks, or why their men wear pants 27 skirts, or why they may be married to only one person at a time, we are likely to get 28 and very uninformative answers:“ Because it’s right.” “Because that’s the way it’s done.” “Because it’s the 29 ” Or even “I don't know.” The reason for these and countless other patterns of social behavior is that they are 30 by social norms-shared rules or guidelines which prescribe the behavior that is appropriate in a given situation.Norms 31 how people “ought” to behave under particular circumstances in a particular society.We conform(遵守）to norms so readily that we are hardly aware they 32 In fact, we are much more likely to notice 33 from norms than conformity to them.You would not be surprised if a stranger tried to shake hands when you were introduced, but you might be a little 34 if they bowed, started to stroke you, or kissed you on both 35 Yet each of these other forms of greeting is appropriate in other parts of the world.When we visit another society whose norms are different, we quickly become aware that things we do this way, they do that way.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section A

Directions： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter, Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.What does it take to be a well-trained nurse? The answer used to be two-year associate's or four-year bachelor’s degree programs.But as the nursing shortage 36 , a growing number of schools and hospitals are establishing “fast-track programs” that enable college graduates with no nursing 37 to become registered nurses with only a year or so of 38 training.In 1991.there were only 40 fast-track curricula;now there are more than 200.Typical is Columbia University's Entry to Practice program.Students earn their bachelor of science in nursing in a year.Those who stay on for an 39 two years can earn a master’s degree that 40 them as nurse practitioners(执业护士）or clinical nurse specialists.Many students are recent 41;others are career switchers.Rudy Guardron, 32, a 2004 graduate of Columbia’s program, was a premedical student in college and then worked for a pharmaceutical(药物的）research company.At Columbia, he was 42 as a nurse practitioner.“I saw that nurses were in high 43 and it looked like a really good opportunity,” he says' “Also, I didn't want to be in school for that long.”

The fast-track trend fills a need, but it’s also creating some 44 between newcomers and veterans.”Nurses that are still at the bedside 45 these kids with suspicion,“ says Linda Pellico, who has taught nursing at Yale University for 18 years.”They wonder, how can they do it quicker? The answer is they don't.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A）additional F）explores K）specialized B）applied G）graduates L）tension C）demand H）operations M）trained D）excessive I）promote N）view E）experience J）qualifies O）worsens Section B

Directions： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.The rise of the sharing economy

Last night 40 000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers 250 000 rooms in 30 000 cities in 192 countries.They chose their rooms and paid for everything online.But their beds were provided by private individuals, rather than a hotel chain.Hosts and guests were matched up by Airbnb, a firm based in San Francisco.Since its launch in 2008 more than 4 million people have used it—-2.5 million of them in 2012 alone.It is the most prominent example of a huge new “sharing economy”, in which people rent beds, cars, boats and other assets directly from each other, co-ordinate via the internet.A)You might think this is no different from running a bed-and-breakfast(家庭旅店),owning a timeshare(分时度假房）or participating in a car pool.But technology has reduced transaction costs, making sharing assets cheaper and easier than ever —and therefore possible on a much larger scale.The big change is the availability of more data about people and things, which allows physical assets to be divided and consumed as services.Before the internet, renting a surfboard, a power tool or a parking space from someone else was feasible, but was usually more trouble than it was worth.Now websites such as Airbnb, RelayRides and SnapGoods match up owners and renters； smartphones with GPS let people see where the nearest rentable car is parked;social networks provide a way to check up on people and build trust;and online payment systems handle the billing.What's mine is yours, for a fee

B)Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone to become a retailer, sharing sites let individuals act as an ad hoc(临时的）taxi service, car-hire firm or boutique hotel(精品酒店〉as and when it suits them.Just go online or download an app.The model works for items that are expensive to buy and are widely owned by people who do not make full use of them.Bedrooms and cars are the most obvious examples, but you can also rent camping spaces in Sweden, fields in Australia and washing machines in France.As advocates of the sharing economy like to put it, access trumps（胜过）ownership.C)Rachel Botsman, the author of a book on the subject, says the consumer peer-to-peer rental market alone is worth $ 26 billion.Broader definitions of the sharing economy include peer-to-peer lending or putting a solar panel on your roof and selling power back to the grid(电网）.And it is not just individuals;the web makes it easier for companies to rent out spare offices and idle machines, too.But the core of the sharing economy is people renting things from each other.D)Such “collaborative(合作的）consumption” is a good thing for several reasons.Owners make money from underused assets.Airbnb says hosts in San Francisco who rent out their homes do so for an average of 58 nights a year, making $ 9 300.Car owners who rent their vehicles to others using RelayRides make an average of $ 250 a month； some make more than $ 1 000.Renters, meanwhile, pay less than they would if they bought the item themselves, or turned to a traditional provider such as a hotel or car-hire firm.And there are environmental benefits, too: renting a car when you need it, rather than owning one, means fewer cars are required and fewer resources must be devoted to making them.E)For sociable souls, meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the charm.Curmudgeons(低脾气的人）who imagine that every renter is a murderer can still stay at conventional hotels.For others, the web fosters trust.As well as the background checks carried out by platform owners, online reviews and ratings are usually posted by both parties to each transaction, which makes it easy to spot bad drivers, bathrobe-thieves and surfboard-wreckers.By using Facebook and other social networks, participants can check each other out and identify friends(or friends of friends)in common.An Airbnb user had her apartment trashed in 2011.But the remarkable thing is how well the system usually works.Peering into the future

F)The shying economy is a little like online shopping, which started in America 15 years ago.At first, people were worried about security.But having made a successful purchase from, say, Amazon, they felt safe buying elsewhere.Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first time encourages people to try other offerings.Next, consider eBay.Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace, it is now dominated by professional “power sellers“(many of whom started out as ordinary eBay users).The same may happen with the sharing economy, which also provides new opportunities for enterprise.Some people have bought cars solely to rent them out, for example.G)Existing rental businesses are getting involved too.Avis, a car-hire firm, has a share in a sharing rival.So do GM and Daimler, two carmakers, in future, companies may develop hybrid（混合的）models, listing excess capacity(whether vehicles，equipment or office space)on peer-to-peer rental sites.In the past, new ways of doing things online have not displaced the old ways entirely.But they have often changed them.Just as internet shopping forced Wal-mart and Tesco to adapt, so online sharing will shake up transport, tourism, equipment-hire and more.H)The main worry is regulatory uncertainty.Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes, for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed hotels.In some American cities, peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms.The danger is that although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm, existing rental businesses will try to destroy competition.People who rent out rooms should pay tax, of course, but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel.The lighter rules that typically govern bed-and-breakfasts are more than adequate.I)The sharing economy is the latest example of the internet's value to consumers.This emerging model is now big and disruptive(颠覆性的）enough for regulators and companies to have woken up to it.That is a sign of its immense potential.It is time to start caring about sharing.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46.Sharing items such as cars does good to the environment.47.Airbnb's success clearly illustrates the emergence of a huge sharing economy.48.The major concern about the sharing economy is how the government regulates it.49.The most frequently shared items are those expensive to buy but not fully used.50.The sharing economy has a promising future.51.Online sharing will change the way business is done in transportation, travel, rentals, etc.52.Airbnb is a website that enables owners and renters to complete transactions online.53.The sharing economy is likely to go the way of online shopping.54.One advantage of sharing is that owners earn money from renting out items not made full use of.55.Sharing appeals to the sociable in that they can meet new people.Section C

Directions： There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV(or a similar distraction)can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed.Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite.Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity(盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M.Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.”Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal.We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，“ Brunstrom says.”This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.“ These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself.In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie(卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones（荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories.Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56.What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake? A)How we perceive the food we eat.C)When we eat our meals.B)What ingredients the food contains.D)How fast we eat our meals.57.What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal? A)You would probably be more picky about food.B)You would not feel like eating the same food.C)You would have a good appetite.D)You would not feel so hungry.58.What do we learn from the 2011 study? A)Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.B)Food labels may influence our body’s response to food.C)Hunger levels depend on one's consumption of calories.D)People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.59.What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite? A)Trick ourselves into eating less.C)Concentrate on food while eating.B)Choose food with fewer calories.D)Pick dishes of the right size.60.What is the main idea of the passage? A)Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.B)Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.C)Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.D)Good eating habits will contribute to our health.Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population.Ideally, both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy.We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as the development of a work ethic(勤奋工作的美德）and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development.I recommend Harvard's 2011 ”Pathways to Prosperity“ report for more attention to the ”forgotten half“(those who do not go on to college)and ideas about how to address this issue.Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever.In a knowledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and knowing how to do research are all-solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college.We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills ihat will serve for a lifetime.Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions.The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated(惡化）by parental involvement in the college years.Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but learning where and when to intervene(干预）will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.注意：此部分试越请在答题卡2上作答。

61.What kind of education does the author think is ideal? A)It benefits the great majority of the general population.B)It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.C)It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.D)It ensures that students' expectations are successfully fulfilled.62.What does the author say is the problem with present high school education? A)Ignoring the needs of those who don't go to college.B)Teaching skills to be used right after graduation only.C)Giving little attention to those having difficulty learning.D)Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world.63.What characterizes a knowledge economy according to the passage? A)People have to receive higher education to qualify for a professional position.B)Students majoring in liberal arts usually have difficulty securing a job.C)New positions are constantly created that require people to keep learning.D)Colleges find it hard to teach students how to cope with the changing economy.64.What does the author think a liberal arts college should focus on? A)Solid background knowledge in a particular field.B)Practical skills urgently needed in current society.C)Basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning.D)Useful thinking skills for advanced academic research.65.What suggestion docs the author offer to parents? A)Rethinking the value of higher education.B)Investing wisely in their children's education.C)Helping their children lo bring their talent into full play.D)Avoiding too much intervention in their children’s education.Part IV Translation(30 minutes)

Directions： For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.许多人喜欢中餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。任技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虎到颜色、味 道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，,好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬莱之间取得平衡,所以中餐既味美又健康。

Part1 Writing 2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案详解

The Impact of the Internet on Learning 第1段：引入活题，说明网络影响了 人们对学习的认识 Has exerted great influence on（obtaining information）第2段：解释为什么教育不能和获取信息简单地等同起来 Critical thinking practical skills 第3段：总结观点，说明网络有利于学习，但性格和能力的培养对教育也很重要 Valuable, be fully aware of cultivating their character 范文点评： The Impact of the Internet on Learning 【1】The Internet has exerted great influence on learning, so that an increasing number of individuals value it as a truth that obtaining information is equal to education.However,【2】as the picture warns us, education involves more than simply learning to obtain information.From my perspective,【3】education also includes critical thinking and practical skills rather than a mere accumulation of information and knowledge.【4】For one thing, critical thinking is essential to scientific progress, contributing to innovation and technical advances, just as Confucius warned us, “ Learning without thinking leads to confusion.”【5】For another, it is crucial to apply what you have learned to practice and that's the very reason why exceptional scientists accomplish great achievements in their fields.【6】In a word, the internet does provide valuable information for learners, but people should be fully aware of the essence of education and attach importance to cultivating their character and developing their ability instead of just giving priority to dependence on the Internet.【7】thus, only by emphasizing innovation can education be completely fulfilled in practice.【1】引入话题,说明网络影响了人们对 学习的认识。【2】说明图片隐含的意义。

【3】解释学习过程中涉及的重要因素： 评判思维和应用能力。

【4】【5】使用 For one thing...For another...结构具:体阐述并例证评 判思维和应用能力的重要性。【6】总结观点。

【7】强调创新思维对教育 和学习的重要性。Part 2

Listening comprehension Section A

1.M： After high school, I'd like to go to college and major in business administration.W: But I’d rather spend my college days finding out how children learn.Q： What do we learn from the conversation? D)【精析】信息明示题。对话中两人谈他们高中毕 业后的打算，男士想进人大学学习工商管理专业，女士则倾向于选择幼教专业。由此可知，D)符合 题意。

2.W: Is everything ready for the conference? M： The only thing left to do is set up the microphones and speakers.They'll be here in a few minutes.Q： What preparations have yet to be made? B)【精析】细节推断题。对话中女士询问男士会议准 备工作是否完成,男士说只剩下调拭麦克风和音响 了。由此可知,音响设备还没有调试完成。

3.W: Is it almost time to go home now? I'm so tired.I can hardly see straight.M: Just a few more minutes.Then we can go.Q： What is the woman's problem? A)【精析】细节推断题。对话中女士问是否谈回家了，她很疲意，甚至两眼都看不清楚了；男士让她再等 一会儿。由此可知,女士的问题是她太劳累了。

4.W: I’m not sure what I’m in a mood for.Ice-cream or sandwiches? They are both really good here.M: The movie starts in an hour.And we still have to get there and park.So just make a decision.Q： What does the man mean? C)【精析】弦外之音题。对话中女士说喜欢这里的冰激凌和三明治,但不知道点什么好;男士说电影一小时后就开始了，他们要赶到电影院，而且还得找 地方停车。言外之意，女士应该快速做出决定，以免耽误看电影。

5.W: Tom said he would come to repair our solar heater when he has time.M： He often says he is willing to help, but he never seems to have time.Q： What does the man imply about Tom? B)【精析】弦外之音题。女士说Tom说有时间就来帮 她修热水器,男士说Tom老是嘴上说愿意帮忙, 但是好像从来都没有时间。言外之意,男士觉得Tom 不守承诺。

6.W： So you know that Sam turned down the job offered by the travel agency? M； Yes.The hours were convenient.But if he had accepted it, he wouldn’t be able to make ends meet.Q： What do we learn from the conversation? C)【精析】语义理解题。对话中女士谈到:Sam拒绝了旅行社的工作,男士说明了其中的缘工作时间虽然方便,但是如果接受这份工作,Sam的生活将会入不敷出。由此可知,Sam之所以没去旅行社工 作是因为那里提供的工资太低。

7.M； Could you tell me a bit about the business your company is doing? W: We mainly deal with large volume buyers from western countries and our products have been well received.Q： What business is the woman’s company doing? A)【精析】语义理解题。对话中男士询问女士公司的业务范围,女士说她的公司主要与西方大宗商户打交道,而且她公司的产品还很受欢迎。由此可知，女士的公司从事国际贸易。

8.W： Yesterday I made reservations for my trip to Miami next month.M: You must really be looking forward to it.You haven’t had any time off for at least two years.Q： What is the woman going to do? D)【精析】行动计划题。对话中女士告诉男士她已经 订好下个月去迈阿密旅行的票了，男士表示理解，毕竟女士至少两年没有好好休息了。由此可知,女士打算去度假。

Conversation One M: Excuse me.I need some information about some of the towns near here.W ： What would you like to know? M: Well, first,(9)I’d like directions to go to Norwalk.I believe there is an interesting museum there.It isn’t far, is it? W: No, not at all.Norwalk is about eighteen miles east of here on Route 7.And you're right.It’s a wonderful little museum.M： Oh, good.Now what about Amitsville? I have some friends.I'd like to visit there and I also want to get to Newton.They are near each other, aren’t they? W： Hmm...Well,(10)they are actually in opposite directions.Amitsville is northeast.It's about thirty-five miles northeast of here.M： Huh-uh, thirty-five miles northeast.And how about Newton? W: Well,(10)Newton is in the other direction.It's southwest.So it isn’t really very close to Amitsville at all and it’s a long drive.It's about fifty-five miles southwest from here and the road is not at all straight.M： Fifty-five miles southwest!Well, maybe I won't go there this time.W： I’d recommend visiting Westfield or Great Town.They are both very close.Westfield is just seven miles west of ”here and Great Town is about five miles south.(11)They are really pretty little towns with lots of old houses and beautiful tree-lined streets.M: I see.Sevenmiles west to Westfield and five miles south to Great Town.Good!Well, I think that’s all the information I'll need for a while.Thank you.You’ve been very helpful.W： You're welcome, sir.I hope you enjoy your stay.9.What does the man know about Norwalk? B)【精析】事实细节题。对话开头男士询问女士去 Norwalk怎么走，并提到那里有个有意思的博 物馆。10.What does the woman say about Amitsville and Newton? A)【精析】事实细节题。对话中男士询问女士 Amitsville 和Newton这两个地点的情况,女士说它们方向正好相反,一个在东北方向,一个在西南方向。

11.What do we learn about Westfield and Great Town? C)【精析】事实细节题。对话末尾女士建议男士去 Westfield或Great Town这两个比较近的地方，并简要介绍了它们的情况:它们都是美丽的小镇，有许多古建筑,街道旁绿树成行。

Conversation Two M: Err...Sandra, I’ve finished with Mr.Gartner now.(12)Do you think you could pop through and bring me up to date on the arrangements for the Italian trip? W： Certainly.Mr.Wilkinson, I’ll l bring everything with me.M： Right, take a seat.Now my first meeting is when? W： Your first meeting is on Monday, the 21st, at 9：00 a.m.with Dr Gucci of Bancos en Piedra in Milan.M； OK, So can I fly out early Monday morning? W： Weil, there is a flight to Linate airport which leaves al 6:30 London time and gets in at 8:30 Italian time.M： Yeah, but that only leaves me 30 minutes to clear customs in getting to the city center and it means I have to check in by 5:30,(13)which means leaving home at about 4: 15.W： I’m afraid so, M： Hmm...not so keen on that.What’s the program for the rest of that day? W： It’s quite full, I'm afraid.At 11:00, you’re seeing Gianni Riva at Megastar and(14)then you’ll have a lunch engagement with Gavin from the Chamber of Commerce at 1:00.M： Where’s that? W: You’re meeting him at his office and then he's taking you somewhere.M： Good!That sounds fine.What about the afternoon? W: Well, at 3:30, you’re seeing our sales representative there and then you’re free till the evening.M: I see.I seem to remember that I’m having dinner with someone from Bergamo.W： That's right.And Mr.Betty from SAP Industries at 8:00.' 答案详解

12.What would the man like the woman to do? B)【精析】细节辨认题。对话开买，男±询问女士是 否能把他去意大利出差的日程安排拿过来,后面 的对话也是就男士的日程安排展开的。

13.At what time is Mr.Wilkinson going to leave home for the airport? D)【精析】事实细节题。对话谈到飞机起乂的时间是 6:30,男士必须在5:30之前去机场安检，而他必 须在4:15就得动身。

14.Who is Mr Wilkinson going to havdltilich with on Monday? D)【精析】事实细节题。对话中提到11点男士和 Gianni Riva见面,之后1点与Gavin共进午餐。15.What is most probably the woman's job? C)【精析】推理判断题。对话内容是女士告知男士他 在意大利出差的日程安排,这种工作显然是秘书 的职责。Section B Passage One

Donna Fredrick's served with the Peace Corps for two years in Brazil.(16)She joined the Peace Corps.After she graduated from college because she wanted to do something to help other people.(17)She had been brought up on a farm, so the Peace Corps assigned her to an agricultural project.Before she went to Brazil’ she studied Portuguese for three months.She also learned a great deal about its history and culture.During her two years with the Peace Corps, Donna lived in a village in northeastern Brazil.That part of Brazil is very dry and farming is often difficult there.Donna helped the people of the village to organise an irrigation project, and she also advised them on planting crops that didn't require much water.When Donna returned to the States, she couldn't settle down.She tried several jobs, but they seemed very boring to her.(18)She couldn't get Brazil out of her mind.Finally, one day she got on a plane and went back to Brazil.She wasn’t sure what she was going to do.She just wanted to be there.After a few weeks, Donna found a job as an English teacher, teaching five classes a day.Like most of the teachers, she doesn't make much money.She shares a small apartment with another teacher.(19)And she makes a little extra money by sending stories to newspapers in the States.Eventually she wants to quit teaching and work as a full-time journalist.16.Why did Donna join the Peace Corps after she graduated from college? A)【精析】目的原因题。短文开始就提到，Donna Fredrick女士在Peace Corps工作了两年,她大学 毕业后之所以来到这里是因为她想帮助别人。

17.What was Donna assigned to do in Brazil? B)【精析】细节辨认题。短文提到Donna在农场长 大,所以她在巴西Peace Corps工作时被安排从事 农业项目。18.Why did Donna go back to Brazil once again? D)【精析】目的原因题。短文提到Donna回国后找 了几份工作,但都感到无聊,她无法忘记她在巴西 度过的日子,于是重返巴西。

19.How did Donna make extra money to support herself? B)【精析】细节辨认题。短文末尾提到Donna返回 巴西后当了一名教师,但收人微薄,她只得和另一 名教师同住一间公寓,靠给美国报纸写文章赚点额外收人。

Passage Two

(20)Results of a recent Harry’s poll on free time showed that the average work week for many Americans is 50 hours.With the time spent eating, sleeping and taking care of household duties,(20)there’s little time left for leisure activities for many Americans.However, having free time to relax and pursue hobbies is important.People need time away from the pressures of study or work to relax and enjoy time with friends and family.In different countries, free time is spent in different ways.(21)The results of the Harry’s poll showed that reading was the most popular spare time activity in the US.This was followed by watching TV.In a UK survey on leisure time activities, watching TV and videos was the most popular.Listening to the radio came second.In a similar survey conducted in Japan, the most popular free time activity was eating out.The second most popular activity was driving.There were also differences in the most popular outdoor pursuits between the three countries.The most popular outdoor activity for Americans was gardening.(22)In the UK, it was going to the pub.In Japan, going to bars ranked eighth in popularity and gardening ranked ninth.Although people around the world may enjoy doing similar things in their free time, there’s evidence to suggest that these interests are changing.In the US, for example, the popularity of computer activities is increasing.Many more people in the States are spending their free time surfing the Web, emailing friends or playing games online.20.What is the recent Harry's poll mainly about? C)【精析】推理判断题。短文一开始提到，Harry的一项民意调查发现,许多美国人每周平均工作50个小时,几乎没有时间用于休闲娱乐,短文接下来 介绍了这一调查的主要容,是关于业余时间和业余活动的。

21, what was the most popular leisure activity in the US? A)【精析】细节辨认题。Harry的调查表明，美国最 流行的业余活动是读书,其次是看电视。22.What was the most popular outdoor pursuit in the UK? C)【精析】细节辨认题。短文最后提到，在所有的户 外活动中,美国人最爱园艺,英国人最爱去酒吧。Passage Three(23)On March 13，while on duty, Charles McLaughlin, a very careless driver employed by the company Lummis, was involved in another accident.The accident occurred in Riverside California.Not paying attention to his driving, McLaughlin turned right on main street in 33rd street and hit a Volkswagen Rabbit.This caused minor damage to his truck and serious damage to the car.(23)On the basis of the police report, the Lummis Accident Committee correctly determined that McLaughlin had been quite careless.As a result of the committee’s conclusion, the branch manager Mr.David Rossi reported that he had talked with McLaughlin about his extremely poor driving record.Further evidence of McLaughlin's irresponsibility occurred on May 6 when he was returning from his shift.That day he ran into a roll-up door at the Lummis facility in Valero, causing significant damage to the door.Damage to the truck, however, was minor.(24)Finally, on June 7’ McLaughlin once again demonstrated his carelessness by knocking down several mailboxes near the edge of the company's parking lot.There was damage to the mailboxes and minor damage to the truck.Mr.David Rossi stated that he had spoken with McLaughlin on several occasions about his driving record.(25)He added that he had warned McLaughlin that three preventable accidents in one year could lead to his discharge, as indeed it should.23.What did the Lummis Accident Committee find out about the accident that occurred on March 13? D)【精析】细节推断题。短文一开始提到3月13日 25.发生的交通事故,事故责任者McLaughlin是一个 粗心的司机，接下来警察的调查也表明 A)McLaughlin的粗心是造成这次事故的主要原因。

24.What did McLaughlin do on June 7 near the edge of the company's parking lot? B)【精析】细节辨认题。短文共提到三次因McLaughlin的粗心而导致的交通事故,在6月7日的事故中，他在公司停车场附近撞倒了几个邮筒。

25.What is most probably going to happen to McLaughlin? A)【精析】细节推断题。短文末尾部分提到，McLaughlin的老板曾几次找他谈话,并警告他如 果一年内发生三次完全可以避免的事故,他就会 被解雇。

Section C

26.apart and alone 【精析】句意推断题。此处应该填人副词,修饰动 词ate。结合录音填人apart and alone,意为“独自地”。27.Instead of 【精析】句意推断题。空格前后的pants和skirts 是并列关系，此处应该填人介词或连词。结合录 音填人instead of,意为“而不是”。

28.similar 【精析】并列关系题。此处应该填人形容词，与后 面的uninformative构成并列关系„结合录音填 入similar,意为“相似的”。

29.custom 【精析】句意推断题。根据空格前的the及句意可 推断,此处应该填人名词。结合录音填入custom, 意为“风俗,传统”。

30.controlled 【精析】语义推断题。此处应该填入动词的过去分词形式，构成被动语态结构。结合录音填入controlled,意为“控制”。31.define 【精析】语义推断题。此处应该填入动词作谓语。结合录音填人define,意为“规定,定义”。32.exist 【精析】语义推断题。此处应该填入动词作谓语。结合录音填人exist,意为“存在”。33.departures 【精析】句意推断题。此处应该填入名词作动词 notice的宾语。结合录音填人departures,意为 “背离，偏差”。34.startled 【精析】句意推断题。根据空格前的be a little可 推断,此处应该填入形容词作表语。结合录音填 入startled,意为“吃惊的”。

35.cheeks 【精析】句意推断题。此处应该填人名词,且能与 kissed搭配。结合录音填人cheeks,意为“面顿，脸蛋儿”。Part 3

Reading Comprehension Section A 参考译文

怎样才能成为一名训练有素的护士呢？在过去,答案是两年的专科学习或者四年的本科学习。但是，由于护士短缺现象加剧,越来越多的学校和医院建立了“快速通道项目”,这使没有经验的大学毕业生通过 专业训练就能在一年左右成为注册护士。

1991年,美国只有40个快速通道课程,而现在则已超过200个。哥伦比亚大学的“实践人门”项目就 是典型代表。学生用一年的时间就能获得护理专业学士学位;而那些留校继续再读两年的学生能获得硕 士学位,有资格成为执业护士或者临床护理专家。

很多参加“快速通道”项目的学生是刚毕业的大学生,也有工作后想要转行的人。Rudy Guardron, 32岁，是哥伦比亚大学此项目2004年的毕业生。他原本是医科大学预科的学生,后来在制药研究公司工作。他在哥伦比亚大学受训成为一名执业护士。“我意识到护士的需求量很大,这看起来是个很好的机 会,”他说,“而且,我不想在学校待那么长时间。”快速通道“的趋向填补了护士短缺的需求,但是也造成了新老护士之间的紧张气氛。”临床的护士带 着怀疑的态度看待这些新人在耶鲁大学教授护理学已有18年之久的Linda Pellico说他们想知道，自己怎么能快速地成为执业护士呢?“答案是没有办法。

答案详解

36.【考点】动词辨析题。

0)【精析】空格所在的句子是as引导的原W状语从 句,从句的主语为nursing shortage,缺少谓语，因 此空格处要填一个动词。句子表述的是当前的现象,并且，主语shortage为不可数名词，因此谓语动 词应为一般现在时,且应使用第三人称单数形式。空格后的表述建立“快速通道”是针对妒士短缺而采取的对策，此处原因状语从句应该表述护土短缺这一现象变得”恶化“等意，备选动词中只有 worsens合适，故为答案。备选词语中，explores 和qualifies也为第三人称单数形式,但explores 意为”探索.探究“.qualifies意为”使有资格;取得 资格“,与此处要表达的”恶化“意思不符合，故可 以排除。

37.【考点】名词辨析题。E)【精析】空格所在的句子是一个由that引导的定 语从句，修饰”fast-track programs“,从句中使用 了 enable sb.to do sth的结构，由此可知 with no nursing与空格构成介宾短语作后置定语修饰 college graduates,也就是sb.,因此空格处需填入一个名词。再结合空格后”通过仅需一年的训练 就能成为护士“的表述，可推断此处的sb.指没有护理经验的大学生，由此确为experience。空格处需要填人名间,意为没Yf经验的大学生,其 余备选名词均不符合句意,故可以排除。

38.【考点】形容词辨析题。

K)【精析】空格后面有名词training,因此空格处需 要填入形容词来进行修饰。空格所在的句子为定 语从句修饰”fast-track programs“,这种”快速通 道“使没有经验的大学生通过某种培训在短期就 能成为护士，那么该培训必定是”专门的，特别 的“,因此填入specialized符合句意。在备选的形 容词中,additional“附加的,另外的”,excessive“过 多的,过度的”,虽然都能和training搭配,是根据前文可知，参加培训的大学生是没有护理经验 的,也就是没有接受过护理方面的培训，故用”另外的“或”过多的“来修饰training不符合上下文 语境,故这两个同均可徘除。

39.【考点】形容词辨析题。

A)【精析】空格前为an，空格后为名词短语two years,因此空格处应填入以元音音素开头的形容 调修饰two years。前文提到”学生用一年的时间 就能获得护理智业学士学位“,此句表达的意思为 •'再多上两年就能获得硕士学位”，由此可确定答 案为additional。备选形容词中，specialized为辅 音音素开头，可先排除。excessive虽然是以元音 音素开头,但是意思为“过多的,过度的”,填入此 处语义不通,故也可排除。

40.【考点】动词辨析题。

J)【精析】空格所在的句子是that引导的定语从句，that在从句中作主语，从句中缺少谓语，因此空格 处豁填入一个动词,形式为第三人称单数,而且要 和下文的as搭配,故备选动词巾,符合上述要求的 同为qualifies。将该词填人空格,表达的意思为硕 士学位使他们有资格成为执业护士或者临床护理 专家。符合上下文语境。在备选动词件•,applied, demand, experience, promote, trained, view 都不是第三人称单数形式，故均可排除;worsens在 36题中已经使,可以排除;explores意为“探索，探究”,词义不符,旦无法和as构成播配,可以排 除。

41.【考点】名词辨析题。

G)【精析】空格前有are,还有形容词recent,所以空 格处需要填入名词的复数形式。通过上下文可知,本段主要讲“快速通道”的适用人群。对照文章第一段提到的“快速通道”项目使没有经验的大学毕业生通过专业训练就能在一年左右成为注册 护+•可确定大学毕业生为“快速通道”的适用人 群之一，故此处填graduates。备选名词中，demand, tension, view均为串.数,可排除;experience 在37题中已经使用，可排除；operations虽为复数，但“行动;手术”之义与前文不符,可排除。

42.【考点】动词辨析题。

M)【精析】根据句子结构可知,空格处应填入动词的过去分词，和was构成被动语态。备选项中，trained表示“训练，培训”,符合句意，故为答案。该句意为“他被培训成为执业护士”。备选项中只 有trained和applied为过去分词形式,applied意 为“适用;应用”,意思不符,可排除。

43.【考点】名词辨析题。

C)【精析】根据句子结构可知,此处应填人一个名同，能与in搭配。分析上下文，此处是Rudy Guardron在解释自己通过“快速通道”成为护士 的原因,他认为护士需求量大,受欢迎,是个好机 会。demand可以表示“需求”的意思，而且短语in demand意为“受欢迎的,需要的”,符合题意,故为 本题答案。在备选名词中,experience和graduates 已经使用，可排除；operations “行动；手术”，tension“紧张；紧张关系”, view“观点，看法”放在 句中不符合上下文意思,—了排除。

44.【考点】名词辨析题。L)【精析】空格前面有动词creating和形容词some, 所以空格处需要填入名词作creating的宾语。本 句表达的意思是“快速通道”的趋向使新老护士之 间产生了一些“情况”。下文提到老护士对新护士 持怀疑态度，由此可推断这些“情况”应是指“新老 护士之间的紧张关系”，故tension“紧张；紧张关 系”符合句意，为本题答案。在备选名词中，demand, experience, graduates 已经使用，可排 除。operations“行动;手术”和view“观点，看法” 放在句中不符合句意,可排除。

45.【考点】动词辨析题。

N)【精析】分析句子结构可知,此句为一般现在时,主 语为nurses,宾语为kids,缺少谓语,因此空格处需 填入一个动词，且为复数形式来搭配nurses。此 句描述临床护士对新进护士的态度，因此备选动 词中,view“看待”符合句意,为正确答案。备选动 词中，是一般现在时且为第三人称复数形式的动 词只有 demand, promote 和 view。demand 已经 使用,可排除;promote意为“促进,提升”,和句意 不符,可排除。

Section B 共享经济的崛起

A)(52)昨天晚上,4万人通过一项服务租到了房子。该服务提供了 25万间房屋,覆盖192个国家的 3万个城市。他们在网上挑选房屋并在线支付一切费用。但是,他们的房子不是连锁酒店而是由个人提供的。(47)撮合房客与房主的是一家总部设在旧金山的公司一一Airbnb,自2008年开展业务 以来,该公司已经为400多万人提供过服务,仅2012年就服务过250万人。该公司是很受欢迎的新型 “共享经济”最成功的范例。通过网络协调,人们互相之间可以直接租赁房屋、汽车、船以及其他资产。

B)你或许认为共享经济同经营家庭旅店、拥有分时度假房或者拼车没什么区别。但是,技术降低了交 易成本,使同别人共享资产变得比以前更加划算和容易一一因此,这种交易规模也可能更大。共享 经济的重大改变在于它能够让你获得更多的有关对方和租赁物的信息,从而允许把实体资产进行分 配并作为服务供人们消费。在互联网出现之前,从他人处租赁冲浪板、电动工具或是停车场是可行 的,但同租金相比,租赁行为本身往往更麻烦。如今,像Airbnb、RelayRides和SnapGoods这类网站 把交易双方撮合在一起;带有GPS定位功能的智能手机能让人们看到最近的可供租赁的汽车停在 什么位置;社交网络提供了一种核对人们信息并且能让交易各方建立信任的方式；网络支付系统来 处理订单。

我的就是你的,但得付费

C)如同eBay的对等商务允许任何人成为一名零售商一样,共享网站可以让个人根据自己的情况,从 事临时出租车服务、开设租车公司或是精品酒店的业务。所有这一切只要上网或是下载一款应用程序即可。(49)这种模式适用于那些价格昂责而已经拥有它的人却无法物尽其用的物品。最明显的 例子就是房子和汽车。除此之外,你还可以租赁瑞典的露宿营地、澳大利亚的农场以及法国的洗衣 机。共享经济推广者的口头禅就是:共享胜过拥有。

D)对此写过一本专著的Rachel Botsman说,仅消费者的对等租赁市场就价值260亿美元。广义上的 共享经济还包括对等放贷或在你的房顶上安装一块太阳能电池板,然后把生产出来的电力卖给电网 公司。当然,共享经济并不仅限于个人。网络让公司更轻易地将多余的办公室和闲置的机器租赁出 去。但是,共享经济的核心是互相租赁东西的个人。

E)此类“协作消费”之所以是一件好事有以下几个原因。(54)所有者可以从利用率不足的物品中赚取费用。Airbnb称,旧金山市的那些平均每年将房屋出租58天的房主,每年能有9 300美元的收入。那些使用RelayRides的服务将自家汽车租赁给别人的车主每月平均收入为250美元,有些甚至超 过了 1 000美元。与此同时,同自己购买或是从旅馆和租车公司等传统的租赁商那里承租相比,承 租人的费用也降低了不少。(46)共享经济还有益于环保。在需要时租车而不是买车,这意味着汽车 的需求量减少,那么用于制造汽车所需求的资源也必定会越来越少。

F)(55)对善于交际的人来说,待在自己的家里就可以结交新朋友是共享经济的一个魅力所在。把每个 房屋出租者当作谋杀犯的性格個强的人仍能住在传统的旅馆里。对于其他人来说,网络可以增进信 任。由于软件平台的管理方对交易方的背景进行核实,交易方通常都要对每笔交易进行在线打分和 评级,这使得人们容易识别出懒惰的司机、偷浴衣的小偷以及把冲浪板弄坏的人。通过使用 Facebook和其他社交网络,参与者可以相互进行身份验证,鉴别出谁是朋友(或者朋友的朋友）。一 位Airbnb用户的公寓在2011年被破坏了。但是,值得注意的是,这个系统通常运转良好。

关注共享经济的未来

G)(53)共享经济有点像15年前始于美国的网上购物。开始的时候,人们对它的安全性有所担心。但 是,在经历了一次成功购物后，比如说在亚马逊网站，人们对在其他网站进行购物就感到放心了。同 样,有了第一次使用Airbnb或者某项租车服务的经验就会鼓励人们去尝试其他服务。其次,看一看 eBay。开始的时候,eBay只是一个对等市场,而如今的eBay已被专业的“强力卖家”所主导(其中许 多人创业时只是eBay的普通卖家）。(53)同样的情况也可能发生在共享经济上,这也能给企业提供新的机遇。比如说,有些人之所以买车就是为了把车租出去赚钱。

H)现有的租赁企业也正在涉足这一行业。租车公司Avis入股了其共享经济对手,通用汽车和戴姆勒 这两个汽车制造商也这样做。未来,公司可能发展成溜合模式,只要是用不着或者是难以物尽其用 的商品(不管是交通工具、各种装备还是办公空间)都可以放到对等租赁网站上。过去,在线交易的 新方式没有完全取代传统模式。但前者经常改变后者。就像在线购物迫使沃尔玛和乐购做出调整那样，(51)网络共享将改变交通、旅游、装备出租和更多的行业。

I)(48)人们主要的担心在于监管的不确定性。例如:房屋出租者也要缴纳旅馆税吗？在荷兰，阿姆斯特丹的官员正在利用Airbnb的列表来追踪没有菅业执照的旅馆。在美国的一些城市，由于传统的 出租车公司的游说,一些城市已经取消了对等租车服务。共享经济面临的危险在于,尽管有些法规 需要更新才能保护消费者免受伤害,现有租赁企业会尽其所能破坏竞争。把房子租给别人的房屋出 租者当然应该纳税,但是当局不能把这些人当作丽思卡尔顿酒店一样来监管。通常用来监管连锁家 庭旅店的那些相对较轻的监管措施更适用。

J)共享经济是互联网对于消费者的价值的最新例证。(50)对于监管者和传统企业来说,这种新兴的模 式的冲击力之大足以令他们惊醒。这是其巨大潜力的一个信号。是时候开始重视共享经济了。

答案详解

46.【定位】由cars和environment定位到E)段最后—句。

E)【精析】细节辨认题。定位段详细阐释了共享经济 “协作消费”的三大优势:一是物尽其用并可以赚 取费用;二是承租费用降低;三是有益于环境。在 谈到第三大优势时,作者以租赁汽车为例来说明 租赁能够减少汽车的需求量,制造汽车的资源需 求也会相应降低,从而有利于环保。由此可知,共 享汽车有益于环保。题干是对第三大优势的概括,故答案为E)。

47.【定位】由题干中的Airbnb, huge和sharing economy定位到A)段最后三句。

A)【精析】细节推断题。A)段以Airbnb为例，通过 列举数字来说明共享经济已初见成效。定位句中 的 4 million, 2.5 million 等数字表明,Airbnb 在 开展业务的短短几年的时间里,它的共享经济模式已经取得了巨大成功，随后类推这种经济模式 很受欢迎,有巨大潜力。题千是对定位句的推断 总结,故答案为A)。

48.【定位】由题干中的major concern和regulates定 位到I)段第一句。

I)【精析】同义转述题。定位段主要讲述了人们对于 政府如何监管共享经济心存担优，并举例说明，如 阿姆斯特丹的官员正在利用Airbnb的列表来追 踪没有营业执照的旅馆,美国一些城市也因传统 出租车公司的游说取消了对等租车服务。这些例子都表明共享经济的发展受到传统势力的阻烧，政府如何处理两者的关系成为共享经济能否发展 的重要因素。题干中的major concern和how the government regulates it 是对原文中 main worry和regulatory uncertainty的同义转述,故答案为I)。

49.【定位】由题干中的expensive to buy和not fully used定位到C)段第三句。

C)【精析】同义转述题。C)段意在说明共享经济的 交易模式和交易物品。作者认为,共享经济模式尤其适用于那些价格昂贵而又无法物尽其用的物 品,房子和汽车就是明显的例子。题干中的most frequently shared items 和 not fully used 是对原 文中 The models works for items 和 do not make full use of them 的同义转述,expensive to buy 则 与原文直接对应，故答案为C)。

50.【定位】由题干中的sharing economy和promising future定位到J)段第二、三句。

J)【精析】细节辨认题。J)段意在说明共享经济崛起的事实。这种正在崛起的模式冲击力之大足以令 监管者和传统企业清醒,这表明共享经济模式有巨大的潜力，前景广阔。题千中的promising future对应原文中的immense potential,故答案 为J)。

51.【定位】由题干中的Online sharing和transportation, travel, rentals定位到H)段末句。

H)【精析】细节辨认题。定位段主要讲述了两方面内 容:一是传统租赁行业也涉足于共享经济;二是共 享经济模式影响了传统的经菅模式。在讲述第二 方面的内容时,作者做了一个推论:大前提是网络 共享改变了传统的经菅模式,小前提是网上购物 改变了沃尔妈和乐购的经营方式,结论是网络共享必定会改变一些行业传统的经营模式。题干中的 change 和 transportation, travel, rentals 是对原文中 shake up 和 transport, tourism, equipment-hire的同义转述,故答案为H)。

52.【定位】由题〒中的Airbnb, website和online定 位到A)段第一至四句。

A)【精析】细节归纳题。定位段以Airbnb为例说明 共享经济已初现端愧并列举数字佐证,数以万计 的房客和房主通过Airbnb网络平台联系在一起，从挑选房屋到支付一切费用都是在线完成。简而言之,Airbnb是一个联系房主和房客的网络平台。题干中的 complete transactions online 是原文中的 They chose their rooms and paid for everything online的同义转述,故答案为A)。

53.【定位】由题干中的sharing economy和online shopping定位到G)段第一句。

G)【精析】细节推断题。定位段开始指出共享经济有 点像网上购物,然后作者进一步说明两者的相似 之处:一是用户从担心到信任这种过程;二是这种 模式为商家提供机遇。作者由此推断,共享经济 同样也会经历类似的过程.故答案为G)。

54.【定位】由题干中的earn money和items not made full use of定位到E)段第二句。

E)【精析】同义转述题。定位处从出租者、承租者和 环保三个方面说明“协作消费”的优势。对于出租 者来说,他们可以物尽其用并有所收人,作者引用 了 Airbnb和'RelayRides两家网络平台的数据来 说明“协作消费”对出.租者的优势。题干中的 items not made full use of 是对原文中 underused assets的同义转述,故答案为E)。

55.【定位】由题干中的the sociable和meet new people定位到F)段第一句。

F)【精析】同义转述题。定位段提到两种人:一种人 喜欢社交，正因如此，共享经济深深地吸引了他 们;另一种人脾气個强,不信任他人,这种人不赞同共享经济。题干中的appeals to, the sociable 和 meet new people 是对原文中 charm, sociable souls, meeting new people的同义转述，故答案 为F)。

Section C Passage One 参考译文

(56)(60)近年来,越来越多的研究表明:除了对能量的生理需要外,人们的食欲和食物摄取受到诸多 因素的影响,包括人们的饮食环境和对面前食物的认知。

研究表明，例如,在电视机(或者类似的消遣)前饮食能够同时增加饥饿感和食物的摄取量。即使是筒 单的视觉信号，比如餐盘的尺寸和灯光,也被证实会对食物分量和摄取量造成影响。(60)新的研究显示人们的短期记忆同样对食欲起作用。(57)饭后几小时,决定人们饥饿程度的不是 他们已食用的食物量,而是他们吃饭时面前所见到的食物量,换言之,是他们所记得的食物量。

布里斯托大学实验心理学教授Jeffrey M.Brunstrom认为:这种差异表明人们之前的饮食记忆对食 欲造成的影响可能超过食物的真实数量对食欲造成的影响。

“饥饿程度不仅仅与最近所食食物的特征有关。我们已经确认了最近饮食在记忆中的独立作用 Brunstrom说,”这表明饥饿程度和食物摄取之间的关系要比我们想象的复杂得多。“ 这些发现印证了早期的研究。(60)早期研究表明，人们对食物的认知有时会欺骗身体对食物作出反应.例如：（58)在2011年的一项研究中,参与者在两个不同场合食用了同样含有380卡路里的奶昔,但是 根据奶昔标签上标注的是620卡路里还是140卡路里,参与者分泌出了不同水平的与饥饿相关的荷尔蒙。而且,根据报告，当参与者认为自己食用了高卡路里的奶昔时,他们感觉更饱。

这对于人们的饮食习惯意味着什么呢？尽管新发现在让人减少饮食方面显得不切实除,但是确实能使人们认识到专注于食物、避免饮食时看电视或同时进行多项活动的益处。

(59)Brunstrom说,所谓的”用心饮食“策略能够对抗干扰,帮助人们控制食欲。56.【定位】由题干中的appetite和food intake定位 到首段第一句。

A)【精析】事实细节题。文章开篇指出了人们的食欲 和食物摄取受到诸多因素的影响，包括人们的饮 食环境和对面前食物的认知,故答案为A)。

57.【定位】由题干中的remembered和previous meal 定位到第三段第二句。

D)【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出,饭后几小时,决定人们饥饿程度的不是他们已食用的食物量，而是他们吃饭时面前所见到的食物量,也就是说,影响人们饥饿程度的是他们记忆中的食物量而不是胃里的食物量。由此可推断,记忆对饮食造成影 响，如果记忆中上顿饭吃了很多,那么不管是不是 真的吃了很多,都不会感觉太饿,故答案为D)。

58.【定位】由题干中的2011 study定位到第六段第 二句。

B)【精析】细节归纳题。定位句详细描述了 2011年 的一项研究。在研究中，参与者在两个不同场合 食用了相同卡路里的奶昔，但是奶昔标签上分别 标注了 620卡路里和140卡路里,结果显示,根据 标注的中路里含量,参与者分泌了不同水平的与 饥饿相关的荷尔蒙，而且当食用了标注620卡路 里的奶昔时,他们感觉更饱。实际上两份奶昔的 卡路里含量是相同的，由于标签标注的不同,让人产生自我暗示,使人体对食物产生了不同的反应。故答案为B)。

59.【定位】由题干中的control our appetite定位到文 章最后一句。

C)【精析】细节归纳题。定位句指出，所谓的”用心饮 食“策略能够对抗干扰,帮助人们控制食欲。也就 是Brunstrom建议我们通过”用心饮食“策略控制 饮食用心饮食”和前文中提到的“专注于食物” 相照应,故答案为C)。

60.【定位】由题干中的main idea定位到各部分主题 句。如第一段的第一句、第三段的第一句、第六段 的第一句和最后一句。

B)【精析】主旨大意题。全文可分为三个部分,第一 部分提出论点——人们的食欲和食物摄取受到包括环境和对食物的认知等诸多因素的影响。第二部分引用相关科学研究论证这些影响因素，特别 指出饮食环境、对食物的记忆、食物包装上的标签 对人产生的心理暗示作用影响饮食。最后一部分 提出通过专注饮食来控制食欲的建议。对食物及 饮食环境的认知，对食物的记忆，食物标签产生的 心理暗示等都属于心理因素,统观全文,作者一直 围绕心理因素对食欲的影响展开论述，故答案 为B)。

Passage two 参考译文

我们的社会应该反思花费在教育上的时间和金钱,以便这些资源能使更多的人受益。(61)理想上,高中和大学都应该能培养可以适应未来角色变化的学生。

(62)高中学历所提供给学生的就业准备远比预期少,或者远比目前其他国家所提供的少,因而造成了 经济中不新扩大的技能差距。不管学生有没有做好准备,有没有明确的目标或兴趣,我们都鼓励他们继续读大学,因而产生了自前世界上最高的大学辍学率。

我们可以借鉴其他国家的做法,学习高中阶段如何提供更好的培训，同时培养学生勤奋工作的美德及 继续学习和发展所需的心智技能。我向大家推荐哈佛大学2011年“迈向繁荣之路”报告,来更多地关注 “被遗忘的一半”(那些没上大学的人)以及解决这一问题的观点。

同时,人文科学比以往任何阶段都更重要。(63)在知识型经济中，职业角色迅速变化,很多大学生为 之准备的职位甚至可能还不存在,他们所需的是能让他们适应变化和继续学习的技能组合。

(64)学会在书面和口头陈述中很好地表达观点,知道如何寻找信息及如何作调查研究都是为适应各 种不同角色所应具备的扎实的背景技术。在文理学院,此类的培训比任何一门专业都重要。我们需要继续重视并广泛培养将会終生受益的思维技能。

学生们还需要学会独立学习,学会做出负责任的决定。由于家长在大学阶段的参与,通向成年的漫长 道路看起来好像更长了。考虑到对大学教育不断攀升的投资,家长的担心也不足为奇，(65)但是学会如何地进行干预将会有助于学生享受这些日益昂责的教育所带来的成果。

答案详解

61.【定位】由题干中的ideal定位到第一段第二句。

B)【精析】语义理解题。定位句指出:理想上,高中和 大学都应该能培养学生适应未来角色的变化。此 句表明在未来社会中，人们的角色会不断发生变 化,理想的教育就是能培养适应这种变化的人才，也就是说,理想的教育可以满足未来社会的需求，故答案为B)。

62.【定位】由题干中的problem, high school定位到第二段。

D)【精析】事实细节题。作者在文章第二段论述了目 前高中教育的问题,如提供给学生的就业准备不 足,造成了经济中不断扩大的技能差距。盲目鼓 励学生读大学造成了目前世界上最高的大学綴学 率,故答案为D)。

63.【定位】由题干中的knowledge economy定位到 第四段第二句。

C)【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到，在知识型经济 中,职业角色变化迅速,很多大学生为之准备的职位甚至可能还不存在。由此可推断,知识型经济 的特征是职业的迅速变化,新的职位不断地被创 造,有些读书时还不存在的职位可能在毕业时出 现,届时,在学校里学到的知识就远远不够了，因此人们需要持续学习来适应这些不断被创造出的 新职位，故答案为C)。

64.【定位】由题干中的liberal arts college定位到第 五段第一句。

C)【精析】细节归纳题。文章第五段提到在文理学 院,这些培训比任何一门专业都重要。“这些培训”指上文提到的“学会在口失和书面陈述中很好 地表达观点，知道如何寻找信息并且知道如何作 调査研究”,而这些技能培训是为了适应未来的变 化，故答案为C)。

65.【定位】由题干中的suggestion和parents定位到 文章最后一句。

【精析】细节归纳题。最后一段提到由于家长在 大学阶段的参与，通向成年的漫长道路看起来好 像更长了 “,这句话我们可以理解为家长在大学阶 段过多参与孩子的教育会影响孩子的成长。文章 最后指出”学会何时何地进行干预将会有助于学生享受这些日益昂贵的教育所带来的成果。“也就是说，作者建议家长学会适当的参与，避免过多的干预,这样才能使孩子更好地成长,使教育取得更 大的成效,故答案为D)。

Translation 参考译文与难点注释

Many people are fond of Chinese cuisine.In China, cooking is regarded not only as a craftsmanship, but also as an art.Well-prepared Chinese cuisine is both tasty and good-looking.The culinary skills and dish ingredients vary in different regions of China.However, good Chinese cuisine always shares something in common, that is, the color, aroma, taste and nutrition.As food is vital for one’s health, a good chef is always trying to strike a balance among grain, meat and vegetables.That’s why Chinese cuisine is tasty and healthy.1.第一句中的”中餐“可以译为Chinese cuisine或 Chinese food。

2.第二句中，首先注意被动语恋的使用，”被视为“可译力be regarded as...。”不仅而且“译力not only...but also...结构,此处需注意句子平衡,not only和but also后面所接的成 分应谈一致，这里使用了两个介宾短语，as a craftsmanship 和 as an art。

3.第三句中,注意复合形容词的选用，”精心准备的“ 可译力 carefully-prepared 或 well-prepared。4.第四句中配料”可以译为ingredients,“差别”可 译vary。

5.第五句中,注意句子衔接,此处是转折关系，可选用 however。“有共同点”可译为 share something in common.翻译“总是要考虑到„„”时,为求筒洁，没有必要直译,可用that is或i.e.来连接,解释上 文提到的共同点。

6.第六句中，注意句子衔接,除because外,还可选用as或since来表示原因。“对 至关重要”可译为be vital for...努力“可译try to do 或 make an effort to do,”取得平衡"可译力 strike a balance。

第二篇：2013年6月大学英语四级考试 (第一套) 作文真题

Vocabulary and Grammar

2013年6月大学英语四级考试(第一套)作文真题

Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.One possible version

The Importance of Reading Literature In the cartoon, a teacher gives a literary work to a student who is shocked by her action, saying, “Just think of it as you’re reading a long text-message.” It shows the case that people nowadays are indifferent to the thick, heavy and long literary works.Various reasons are responsible for the phenomenon mentioned above.Firstly, modern technologies force us to live a high-paced life, which gives opportunities to “fast-food culture” to be ubiquitous in our daily life.So reading literature, as a patience-and time-consuming activity, has irresistibly lost some of its participants.Secondly, the impetuous mentality of the whole society aggravates the impatience of modern citizens so that it is increasingly difficult for them to read a long and thick literary work.Thirdly, the concept that reading literature is useless also contributes to the reluctance of reading literature.Personally, reading literature can greatly broaden our mind and vision, motivate our critical and independent thinking, cultivate our patience and peace of mind, and perfect our selfhood.So why not spare some time on reading literature? Notes to the texts 1.indifferent 漠不关心；不感兴趣

2.ubiquitous似乎无所不在的；十分普遍的 3.irresistibly无法抵制地

4.impetuous mentality 浮躁心态 5.aggravate 使严重；使恶化

6.perfect v.to make sth perfect or as good as you can 使完善；使完美；使完备 2015-6-11 Vocabulary and Grammar

第三篇：2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案：翻译(茶和咖啡)

【翻译原文】“你要茶还是咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。

【参考译文一】“Would you like tea or coffee?” Meals are frequently asked questions，many westerners will choose coffee，and the Chinese will choose tea，according to legend，a Chinese emperor discovered tea in five thousand years ago，and used to heal，in the Ming and qing dynasties，tea houses all over the country，tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century and spread to Europe and the United States，but it was not until the 18th century today，tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world，tea is the treasure of China.Is also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.【参考译文二】

“Would you like tea or coffee?” This is a question which the dining people are frequently asked.Some westerners tend to choose coffee，while the Chinese usually choose tea.There is a legend that one Chinese emperor found tea 5，000 years ago and used it to cure illnesses.During the Ming and Q ing Dynasties，tea houses were widespread throughout China.Tea-drinking was spread to Japan in the 6th century but to Europe and America until the 18th century.Nowadays，tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world.Tea is the treasure of China，and it is also an important part of the Chinese tradition and culture.【参考译文三】As for the dinning people，”Tea or Coffee?” is a question frequently asked.Coffee is usually the Westerns’ first choice，while tea is the preferment of Chinese.Tradition has it that tea is found by one Chinese Emperor，who lived in 5000 years ago.At that time，tea is used to heal sickness.During Ming-Qing dynasties，teahouses are across the country.Tea drinking spread into Japanese as early as in the 6th century，yet it did not spread into Europe and Amer

ica until the 18th century.Nowadays，tea is one of the most popular beverages all over the world.Tea is the treasure of China and the important component of Chinese tradition and culture.【参考译文四】

“Tea or coffee?”, diners are frequently asked this question.Western people may choose coffee, while Chinese may prefer tea.It is said that 5,000 years ago, an emperor in China discovered tea and used it to cure disease.In the Ming and Qing Dynasty, tea houses could be found all over the country.Tea-drinking was introduced to Japan in the sixth century, but was not introduced to Europe and America until the 17th and 18th century.Up to now, tea has become one of the most popular beverages in the world.It is the national drink of China and an important part of Chinese traditional culture.2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案：翻译(信息技术)

【翻译原文】

信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。

【参考译文一】

Nowadays，Information Technology is developing rapidly，and Chinese Citizens are putting more emphasis on it.Some schools and universities even make Information Technology one of the compulsory courses.People hold different views on this phenomenon.Some people deem that it is unnecessary to make Information Technology a required course in schools.Students should learn traditional curriculum.While other people think that it should be so，and they hold the attitude that China should keep pace with the times.Anyway，it is a good thing that Information Technology has drawn people’s attention.【参考译文二】

With full speed development of the information technology，Chinese citizens pay more and more attention to it.Some schools even take the information technology as a required course.For this phenomenon，different people have different opinion.Some people argue that it is not necessary to do this since the traditional courses are supposed to be learned.While some others hold the opposite view，they believe that China should keep pace with the times.No matter how，it is a good thing that information technology has drawn attention of the people.【参考译文三】

“As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology，some college even set it as a compulsory course.Regarding to this phenomenon，people hold different views.Some people think it is not necessary，for students should learn the traditional curriculum.Another part of people think it is a need，because China should keep pace with the times.Anyway，it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern

【点评】

今年的大学英语六级考试题型改革后，翻译题从之前的单句汉译英“换装”为段落汉译英，这对于考生来说，无疑是一个更大的挑战。很多考生一看到整段的汉译英题目就头疼，因为他们对于这个题目太陌生了。从单句到段落的翻译，标志着国家对于考生英语水平的要求已经提高到了一个全新的层面。段落翻译考查的是考生的英语综合水平。

但从真题的出题角度来看，这次考试还是对考生相当得仁慈，考题要比考试样章中的题目来得简单得多。整篇翻译题就像是一篇四级作文，属于观点对立型的。主要是针对学校是否应该将信息技术这门课作为学生的必修课。其中阐述了两类人群的不同观点，这像极了我们四级考试作文题。比作文题还要简单的是，段落翻译已经给出了考生写作的思想，考生只需将其翻译成英文即可。

从真题的出题内容来看，这次的翻译题也没有考那些考生不熟悉的话题，而是对考生特别熟悉的信息技术进行了考查。而且，整篇翻译原文中并没有特别长的句子和特别难的表达。相信考生肯定可以从容应对的。

2013年12月14日大学英语四级考试真题及答案：翻译(中餐)

【翻译原文】

很多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技术和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物，肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡。所以中餐美味又健康。

【参考译文】Many people like Chinese food.In China，cooking is not only regarded as a skill but also an art.The well/carefully-prepared Chinese food is tasty and good-looking.The way of cooking and ingredients selectionvary greatly across China.However，good cooking has one thing in common，that is，to always concern colors，smell，tastes and nutrition.As food is vital for man’s health，good cooks are always making efforts to maintain balance between grains meats and vegetables.Thus，Chinese food is delicious and healthy。

【考点】

被动态;

单复数混用;

逻辑连词，例如并列以及转折;

复合式形容结构，比如：精心准备的carefully-prepared。

2013年12月英语四级真题及参考译文：翻译(中国结)

【翻译原文】

中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文

里意味这爱情丶婚姻和团聚，中国结常常作为礼物交换或作用饰品祈求好运和辟邪。这种形式的手工艺代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。

【参考译文】

"The Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen.After hundreds of years of continuous improvement，has become a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts.In ancient times，people use it to record the event，but now used mainly for decorative purposes.The knot means love，marriage and reunion in Chinese，knot is often used for jewelry as a gift exchange or pray for good luck and ward off evil spirits，This form of handicrafts from generation to generation，it has become increasingly popular in China and around the world。

第四篇：2009年大学英语四级真题答案

2009年大学俄语四级考试真题答案

ЧАСТЬ Ⅱ 21.А.22.Б.23.Б.24.В.25.Б.26.Б.27.Б.28.В.29.А.30.Б.31.Б.32.А.33.Б.34.В.35.А.36.Б.37.А.38.Б.39.В.40.Б.ЧАСТЬ Ⅲ

41.现在40%的美国人是从互联网上了解大部分国内外新闻的。答案：A

узнать кого-что表示①认出，指认出原来曾经认识、熟悉的人或物，或指根据某些共同特点，判断出人、物属于哪类；②主动询问、打听、力求获知的行为③认清、了解、体验到。指对人、人的特点、事物等获得本质的、真实的、深入的认识；或对不熟悉的人或物有所了解；指亲身经历、体验到贫困、痛苦、欢乐等。

познать кого-что意为“认识”，指人的头脑等对客观世界、规律本质的反映。该词还有“认清、了解、看出”的意思，指对人或对事知道的清清楚楚，带有书面语的色彩。

признать кого-что是“承认”的意思。

42.根据阿什哈巴德的报道，土库曼斯坦要实行对外开放和广泛的国际合作政策。答案：В

переводить, приводить, проводить这是一组近形词，其中：

переводить-перевести кого-что表示 ①领，带领，领某人到某地方②迁到，安置到，调到，拨到③调任，调转④翻译⑤汇寄等意义。приводить-привести кого-что表示①引领，带领②[只用于第三人称]通往，开到③[只用于第三人称]使得出，做出（结论，决定等）

④使处于某种状态，使陷入某种心境，使„„发生作用

проводить-провести кого-что表示①引领，领„„通过②敷设，修筑③实现，实行，实施，使„通过④进行，举行⑤度过，住，待（若干时间）

43.大学生们没有忘记提醒老师应该在明天举行的会议。答案：Б

запомнить表示“记住，记牢”的意思；напомнить表示“提醒，使„„想起，使„„记起”的意思；вспомнить表示“记起，想起，回忆起”。

44.每一位住在俄罗斯的公民和拥有俄罗斯护照的公民都应该知道国家的国歌。

此题考察形动词和副动词的用法和意义，题目中很明显需要一个修饰паспорт的形容词，又由于这是个主动行为所以只能选Б.45.在这项工作中奠定了地质物理学研究新方式的理论基础。答案：A

заложить кого-что表示把„„放在„„，把„„放在„„的后面；放满，堆满，堵住；打下、奠定„„的基础；存储等意义。

вложить кого-что во что表示“把„„放入，装入„„的里面；投资，投入”的意义。

положить(клать)кого-что表示①平放，放置，安置，放入，存入②盛放

46.这个论题太重要，应该将其从中学大纲中删除。答案：Б

这里考察的是形容词长短尾的意义的区别：长尾表示长期的，相对稳定的特征；短尾则表示暂时的特征。

47.中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛和俄联邦总统普京共同宣布2007年为俄罗斯中国年。答案：В宣布„„为„„：要用结构объявить кого-что кем-чем

48.列宁格勒以其在卫国战争中的英勇表现而获得了英雄城市的称号。答案：Б。动词достичь+кого-чего.49.俄联邦和美国在2009年就肉类贸易上签署了新的协议。表示“关于„„，在„„方面”时要借助于前置词по

51.中国在北京奥运会上获得了金牌总数第一名。答案：Б.52.桥梁的设计方案在开工前一个月被提案通过。答案：Б。记住结构：за сколько времени до кого-чего

53.2008年美国作为国际信息的主要源泉的互联网登上了榜首位置。答案：Б

54.尽管在农业方面我国取得了很大的成就，但在很多方面仍需完善。答案：В

55.要是人们都能很好地了解我国的宪法的话，有很多的问题就可以避免。答案：В

56.我完全赞同这个申请中的所有内容，没有什么可以补充的。答案：Б.57.这个资料你既可以通过互联网获得，也可以在老师的帮助下获得。答案：В.58.在美国的一个州内由于石油价格的下降从而使得石油的储存量在某地方增多。答案：В

59.有人给被普京在2008年12月4日邀请到枞树晚会上的那个女孩买了飞机票。答案：А.60.在那个传出歌声的那个学校的大礼堂里正在举行俄罗斯文化晚会。答案：В

61.Б 62.А 63.В 64.А 65.В.66.А.67.Б 68.В 69.Б.70.Б.ЧАСТЬ ⅣПЕРЕВОД(10 баллов, 15 минут)

71.但是无论我们每个人多么自诩自己是这方面的专家，而关于爱情的定义却像世人一样是千变万化、多种多样的。

72.很多人认为如果家庭成员能履行自己的家庭责任的话，即使没有爱现代家庭也是很完美的。

73.实际上爱是人所体会到并传递给别人的一种快乐。

74.母亲和孩子的情感联系表现在母亲爱自己的孩子。这种情感是平等的，是培养爱的能力大的基本训练

75.爱的能力，这不是天生的，而是家庭对孩子培养的结果。

第五篇：英语四级真题及答案

1991年6月大学英语四级真题及答案

41.We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let's have ______ one this month.(A)another(C)the other

(B)more(D)other

42.It was difficult to guess what her _____ to the news would be.(A)impression(C)comment

(B)reaction(D)opinion

43.I decided to go to the library as soon as I _____.(A)finish what I did(C)would finish what I was doing

(B)finished what I did(D)finished what I was doing

44.There were some ______ flowers on the table.(A)benefits(C)false

(B)unnatural(D)unreal

45.We are interested in the weather because it _____ us so directly----what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.(A)benefits(C)guides

(B)affects(D)effects

46.Will all those _____ the proposal raise their hands?

(A)in relation to(C)in excess of

(B)in contrast to(D)in favor of

47.Children are very curious ______.(A)at heart(C)on purpose

(B)in person(D)by nature

48.The match was cancelled because most of the members _____ a match without a standard court.(A)objected to having(C)objected to have

(B)were objected to have(D)were objected to having

49.The teacher doesn't permit _____ in class.(A)smoke(C)smoking

(B)to smoke(D)to have a smoke

50.I like watching TV _____ to the cinema.(A)more than to go(C)more than going

(B)than going(D)rather than to go

51.I appreciate ______ to your home.(A)to be invited(C)having invited

(B)to have invited(D)being invited

52.I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _____ when judging my examination.(A)regard(C)account

(B)counting(D)observation

53.You _____ all those calculations!We have a computer to do that sort of thing.(A)needn't have done(C)shouldn't have done

(B)must not have done(D)can not have done

54.Important people don't often have much free time as their work _____ all their time.(A)takes away(C)takes up

(B)takes over(D)takes in

55.When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ____ it.(A)got off(C)got away

(B)got across(D)got over

56.Many people complain of the rapid ____ of modern life.(A)rate(C)pace

(B)speed(D)growth

57.San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _____.(A)is rarely(C)hardly is

(B)rarely is(D)is scarcely

58.The speaker, _____ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.(A)having known(C)knowing

(B)being known(D)known

59.American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.(A)ignored(C)refused

(B)neglected(D)denied

60.I couldn't find _____, and so I took this one.(A)a large enough coat(C)a large coat enough

(B)an enough large coat(D)a coat enough large

61.I always _____ what I have said.(A)get to(C)lead to

(B)hold to(D)see to

62.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _____ we all sat down to rest.(A)when(C)than

(B)then(D)until

63.Evidence came up _____ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.(A)what(C)that

(B)which(D)whose

64.He moved away from his parents, and missed them ______ enjoy the exciting life in New York.(A)too much to(C)very much to

(B)enough to(D)much so as to

65.He was _____ of having asked such a silly question.(A)sorry(C)ashamed

(B)guilty(D)miserable

66.The last time we had a family reunion was ______ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.(A)in(C)during

(B)at(D)over

67.What _____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?

(A)do you suppose(C)will you suppose

(B)you suppose(D)you would suppose

68._____ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.(A)As for(C)Except

(B)Besides(D)Despite

69.How close parents are to their children _____ a strong influence on the character of the children.(A)have(C)having

(B)has(D)to have

70.He _____ when the bus came to a sudden stop.(A)was almost hurt(C)was to hurt himself

(B)was hurt himself(D)was hurting himself

41.A 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.B 46.D 47.D 48.A 49.C 50.C

51.D 52.C 53.A 54.C 55.D 56.C 57.B 58.D 59.D 60.A

61.B 62.C 63.C 64.A 65.C 66.B 67.A 68.D 69.B 70.A