第一篇：2009年政府工作报告中英文对照
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT
政府工作报告
Delivered at the Second Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2009
——２００９年３月５日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第二次会议上
Wen Jiabao
温家宝
Premier of the State Council
国务院总理
Fellow Deputies，各位代表：
On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also solicit comments and suggestions on the report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).现在，我代表国务院，向大会作政府工作报告，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
I.Review of the Work in 2008
一、２００８年工作回顾
The year 2008 was truly eventful.Our country's economic and social development withstood severe challenges and tests that were rarely seen before.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), the people of all our ethnic groups faced difficulties squarely, worked with courage and determination, surmounted all difficulties and obstacles, and made new achievements in reform, opening up and socialist modernization.２００８年是极不平凡的一年。我国经济社会发展经受住了历史罕见的重大挑战和考验。在中国共产党领导下，全国各族人民迎难而上，奋力拼搏，战胜各种艰难险阻，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。
-The national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth.GDP 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year.Overall price rises were held in check.Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%.Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 million tons, a record high.——国民经济继续保持平稳较快增长。国内生产总值超过３０万亿元，比上年增长９％；物价总水平涨幅得到控制；财政收入６．１３万亿元，增长１９．５％；粮食连续五年增产，总产量５２８５０万吨，创历史最高水平。
-Reform and opening up were further deepened.New breakthroughs were made in reforms in key areas and crucial links, such as the fiscal, taxation, financial and pricing systems and administration.Imports and exports totaled US$ 2.56 trillion, an increase of 17.8%.Paid-in foreign direct investment reached $92.4billion.——改革开放深入推进。财税、金融、价格、行政管理等重点领域和关键环节的改革取得新突破。进出口贸易总额２．５６万亿美元，增长１７．８％。实际利用外商直接投资９２４亿美元。
-Development of social programs was accelerated, and the living standards of the people continued to rise.A total of 11.13 million more urban residents entered the workforce.Urban per capita annual disposable income reached 15,781 yuan, an increase of 8.4% in real terms, and rural per capita net income reached 4,761 yuan, up by 8% in real terms.——社会事业加快发展，人民生活进一步改善。城镇新增就业１１１３万人；城镇居民人均可支配收入１５７８１元，农村居民人均纯收入４７６１元，实际增长８．４％和８％。
-Great victories were won in the fight against massive natural disasters.The Beijing Olympics and Paralympics were held successfully, and the Shenzhou VII manned space mission was a complete success.——全面夺取抗击特大自然灾害的重大胜利。成功举办北京奥运会、残奥会。圆满完成神舟七号载人航天飞行。
These achievements signify that we have taken new and solid steps along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.They have greatly fortified the courage and strength of the people of all our ethnic groups to surmount difficulties and will definitely encourage us to bravely forge ahead on the new historical course.这些成就，标志着我们在中国特色社会主义道路上迈出新的坚实步伐，极大地增强了全国各族人民战胜困难的勇气和力量，必将激励我们在新的历史征程上继续奋勇前进。2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)Last year, we accomplished the following important work: 一年来，我们做了以下主要工作：
1.Making timely and resolute adjustments to macroeconomic policies and doing everything possible to maintain steady and rapid economic development
（一）及时果断调整宏观经济政策，全力保持经济平稳较快发展
We maintained the right direction, focus, intensity and pace of macro control, and adopted a series of policies and measures to promote steady and rapid economic development.In a complex and volatile situation, we actively responded to the severe impact of the global financial crisis and worked hard to make our macro control more proactive, targeted and effective.In the middle of the year, when energy and grain prices on the international market were high, world economic growth slowed, and exports from and economic growth in China's coastal regions began to decline, we promptly shifted the priority of macro control to maintaining steady and rapid economic development and controlling price hikes, and adopted relevant fiscal, taxation and financial measures.In September, the international economic situation started to deteriorate sharply and its negative impact became increasingly felt in China.We again resolutely shifted the focus of macro control to preventing economic growth from slowing down too quickly.We implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We raised export rebate rates three times, lowered the benchmark interest rates on savings and loans for financial institutions on five occasions, reduced required reserve ratios four times, suspended the individual income tax on interest earnings from savings, reduced securities transaction stamp tax rates, cut taxes and fees on housing transactions, and increased credit support to small and medium-sized enterprises.In accordance with the requirement that we act fast, be forceful, take targeted measures and stress implementation, we promptly introduced ten measures to further boost domestic demand and promote economic growth, and implemented them without delay.We adopted a succession of policies and measures to encourage financial institutions to support economic development, promote sound development of the textile and other light industries and the real estate market, expand consumption by improving distribution, maintain steady growth in foreign trade, and keep the employment situation stable.At the same time, we stepped up efforts to formulate plans for restructuring and revitalizing key industries.Together, these measures have played a crucial role in alleviating serious problems affecting economic performance, enhancing confidence, stabilizing expectations and maintaining steady and rapid economic development.我们正确把握宏观调控的方向、重点、力度和节奏，采取一系列促进经济平稳较快发展的政策措施，在复杂多变的形势下，积极应对国际金融危机的严重冲击，努力增强调控的预见性、针对性和有效性。年中，在国际能源和粮食价格处于高位、世界经济增长放缓的情况下，针对沿海地区出现出口和经济增速下滑苗头，及时把宏观调控的首要任务调整为“保持经济平稳较快发展，控制物价过快上 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)涨”，并采取了一些有针对性的财税金融措施。９月份后，国际经济形势急转直下，对我国的不利影响明显加重，我们又果断地把宏观调控的着力点转到防止经济增速过快下滑上来，实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，三次提高出口退税率，五次下调金融机构存贷款基准利率，四次下调存款准备金率，暂免储蓄存款利息个人所得税，下调证券交易印花税，降低住房交易税费，加大对中小企业信贷支持。按照出手要快、出拳要重、措施要准、工作要实的要求，迅速推出进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的十项措施，争分夺秒地加以落实；接连出台金融支持经济发展、促进轻纺工业健康发展、促进房地产市场健康发展、搞活流通扩大消费和保持对外贸易稳定增长、稳定就业等政策措施，加快制定重点产业调整振兴规划。这些措施对缓解经济运行中的突出矛盾、增强信心、稳定预期、保持经济平稳较快发展，发挥了至关重要的作用。
We continued to strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers without any letup.Central government budgetary spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers was 595.5 billion yuan for the whole year, a year-on-year increase of 163.7 billion yuan or 37.9%.This included 103 billion yuan, twice the figure for the previous year, in direct subsidies to grain producers, general subsidies for agricultural production supplies, and subsidies for superior crop varieties and the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools.We significantly raised minimum grain purchase prices three times, with the total increase exceeding 20%.We implemented a temporary policy for purchasing and stockpiling major agricultural products.We intensified the protection of arable land and the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, and increased overall agricultural production capacity.We supported the production of hogs, oilseeds and dairy products.These policies and measures played an important role in maintaining and stimulating the enthusiasm of farmers, ensuring the supply of major farm products and increasing rural incomes, and provided strong support for maintaining overall stability in economic and social development.毫不放松地加强“三农”工作。全年中央财政用于“三农”的投入５９５５亿元，比上年增加１６３７亿元，增长３７．９％，其中粮食直补、农资综合补贴、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴资金达１０３０亿元，比上年增长一倍。三次较大幅度提高粮食最低收购价，提价幅度超过２０％。实施主要农产品临时收储政策。加强耕地保护和农田水利建设，提高农业综合生产能力。扶持生猪、油料、奶业发展。这些政策措施在保护和调动农民积极性、保障重要农产品供给、增加农民收入方面发挥了重要作用，为稳定经济社会发展全局提供了有力支撑。
We unswervingly promoted independent innovation and economic restructuring.We launched 16 major national science and technology projects, and established a number of new national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers in such fields as information technology, biotechnology and environmental protection.We successfully developed a number of key technologies and major equipment in the areas of regional aircraft, automobiles powered by new energy sources and high-speed railways.The central government invested 116.3 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)billion yuan in science and technology, an increase of 16.4%.Significant steps were taken in reorganization of the telecommunications and civil aviation industries.We continued to eliminate backward production facilities.Last year, we shut down small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 16.69 million kilowatts and closed 1,054 small coalmines.Investment in infrastructure and basic industries was increased, and a number of major projects in energy, transportation and water conservancy were completed or launched.Steady progress was made in implementing the master strategy for regional development, and economic development in different regions became better coordinated.坚定不移地推进自主创新和经济结构调整。实施１６个国家重大科技专项。在信息、生物、环保等领域新建一批国家工程中心、重点实验室和企业技术中心。成功研发支线飞机、新能源汽车、高速铁路等一批关键技术和重大装备。中央财政科技投入１１６３亿元，增长１６．４％。电信、航空等行业重组迈出重要步伐。继续淘汰落后产能，全年关停小火电１６６９万千瓦，关闭小煤矿１０５４处。加大基础设施和基础产业投资力度，在能源、交通、水利等方面建成和开工一批重大项目。扎实推进区域发展总体战略，区域经济发展协调性增强。
We steadfastly promoted energy conservation, emissions reduction and ecological and environmental protection.The central government allocated 42.3 billion yuan to support development of ten key energy conservation projects and environmental protection facilities.The daily sewage treatment capacity rose by an additional 11.49 million tons in urban areas, and desulfurization equipment was installed in coal-fired power plants with a total capacity of 97.12 million kilowatts.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 4.59% from the previous year;chemical oxygen demand fell by 4.42%;and sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 5.95%.For the past three years combined, total energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 10.08%;chemical oxygen demand dropped by 6.61%;and sulfur dioxide emissions dropped by 8.95%.We built on the achievements in returning farmland to forests and restoring livestock pastures to grasslands, and carried out ecological conservation projects such as protecting virgin forests and developing the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province.We implemented the plan to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys and regions and issued the white paper China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change.坚持不懈地推动节能减排和生态环境保护。中央财政安排４２３亿元资金，支持十大重点节能工程和环保设施等项目建设。全国新增城市污水日处理能力１１４９万吨，新增燃煤脱硫机组容量９７１２万千瓦。单位国内生产总值能耗比上年下降４．５９％，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别减少４．４２％和５．９５％。近三年累计，单位国内生产总值能耗下降１０．０８％，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别减少６．６１％和８．９５％。巩固退耕还林还草成果，推进天然林、青海三江源等生态保护和建设工程。实施重点流域、区域水污染防治规划。发布了《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动》白皮书。2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)
2.Balancing economic and social development and strengthening all aspects of social development with the focus on improving people's lives
（二）统筹经济社会发展，全面加强以改善民生为重点的社会建设
Efforts were intensified to increase employment and improve the social safety net.We improved our policy to stimulate and expand employment by encouraging business startups, and enforced the minimum wage system.The coverage of all social security schemes continued to expand, with 17.53 million more urban workers subscribing to basic old-age insurance, 20.28 million more subscribing to basic medical insurance, and the unemployment, workers' compensation and maternity insurance steadily expanding to cover more workers.Pensions of enterprise retirees rose by 110 yuan per month per person.We launched trials to reform the basic old-age insurance system for employees of government-affiliated institutions.We actively explored ways to establish a new system of old-age insurance for rural residents and made steady progress in making social security available to rural migrant workers in urban areas and farmers whose land has been expropriated.We comprehensively improved the system of cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents, and provided allowances to 66.19 million residents.We raised living allowances for low-income groups and university students in a timely fashion.Preferential treatment enjoyed by key entitled groups was increased substantially.We intensified efforts to develop low-income housing and renovate shantytowns, thus alleviating some of the housing difficulties of the low-income population.An additional of more than 48 million rural people gained access to safe drinking water.就业和社会保障工作进一步加强。完善促进就业、以创业带动就业的政策，落实最低工资制度。各项社会保险覆盖面继续扩大，城镇职工基本养老保险、基本医疗保险参保人数分别增加１７５３万和２０２８万，失业、工伤、生育保险参保人数继续增加。企业退休人员养老金人均每月新增１１０元。启动事业单位基本养老保险制度改革试点。积极探索建立新型农村社会养老保险制度，农民工、被征地农民社会保障工作稳步推进。全面加强城乡居民最低生活保障制度建设，救助人数达到６６１９万人。及时增加对低收入群体和大学生的生活补贴。大幅度提高重点优抚对象的抚恤优待标准。加大保障性住房建设和棚户区改造力度，低收入群众住房困难问题得到一定程度缓解。解决４８００多万农村人口的饮水安全问题。
Further progress was made in promoting fair education for all.Free compulsory education became available to all students, urban or rural, throughout the country, and all rural students receiving compulsory education obtained free textbooks.The standards for repairing and renovating school buildings in the central and western regions were raised, and the government allocated 3.25 billion yuan to provide heating to rural primary and secondary schools in the north.Development of vocational education was accelerated.The national financial aid system for students 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)was further improved.The central government spent 22.3 billion yuan and local governments increased funding as well to assist more than 20 million students.Grants of 1,500 yuan per student per annum were given to secondary vocational school students from rural areas or needy urban families, benefiting 90% of the current student population in these vocational schools.促进教育公平取得新进展。全面实行城乡免费义务教育，对所有农村义务教育阶段学生免费提供教科书。提高中西部地区校舍维修标准，国家财政安排３２．５亿元帮助解决北方农村中小学取暖问题。职业教育加快发展。国家助学制度进一步完善，中央财政投入２２３亿元，地方财政也加大投入，资助学生超过２０００万人；向中等职业学校中来自城市经济困难家庭和农村的学生提供助学金，每人每年１５００元，惠及９０％的在校生。
Steady progress was made in reform and development of the pharmaceutical and health care system.A total of 814 million people, accounting for 91.5% of the rural population, now benefit from the new type of rural cooperative medical care system.The number of selected cities participating in trials of the basic medical insurance system for urban residents increased from 88 to 317, and the number of participating individuals increased by 73.59 million to 117 million.Significant progress was made in developing a system of community-based health services in urban areas.We continued to expand the coverage of the reward and assistance system for rural families complying with family planning regulations, and implemented the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” program in more places in the countryside.医药卫生改革发展稳步推进。参加新型农村合作医疗的人口８．１４亿，参合率９１．５％。城镇居民基本医疗保险试点城市由上年的８８个增加到３１７个，参保人数增加７３５９万，总计达到１．１７亿。城市社区卫生服务体系建设取得重大进展。农村计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度和少生快富工程实施范围继续扩大。
We accelerated the development of culture and sports.Public cultural infrastructure facilities were improved, the cultural industries developed rapidly, and reform of the cultural management system was constantly deepened.We mobilized all resources and hosted a distinctive and high-level Beijing Olympicsand Paralympics, thus fulfilling the century-old dream of the Chinese nation, and Chinese athletes competed hard and brave and scored excellent achievements in the Games.This greatly aroused the patriotism of all our people and strengthened the cohesiveness of our nation.文化体育事业加快发展。公共文化基础设施建设得到加强，文化产业快速发展，文化体制改革不断深化。全力举办了有特色、高水平的北京奥运会、残奥会，实现了中华民族的百年梦想；中国运动员顽强拼搏，取得优异成绩，这极大地激发了全国人民的爱国热情，增强了民族凝聚力。2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)We continued to strengthen democracy and the legal system.The system of local-level democracy was further improved.Significant progress was made in enhancing law-based government.Last year, the State Council submitted eight bills, including a draft of the Social Insurance Law and draft amendments to the Law on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters, to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for deliberation.It also formulated or revised 30 administrative laws and regulations.The Regulations on Making Government Information Public was fully implemented.The public security system for crime prevention and control was strengthened.We battled against secessionist and terrorist activities, protected China's national security and maintained social stability.Our work related to ethnic minority, religious and overseas Chinese affairs further improved.民主法制建设继续加强。基层民主制度进一步健全。依法行政深入推进。国务院提请全国人大常委会审议了社会保险法、防震减灾法等８件法律议案，制定或修订了３０件行政法规。全面实施政府信息公开条例。加强社会治安防控体系建设，开展反分裂、反恐怖斗争，维护了国家安全和社会稳定。民族、宗教、侨务工作进一步加强。
3.Vigorously advancing reform and opening up and injecting fresh vitality and impetus into economic and social development
（三）积极推进改革开放，为经济社会发展注入新的活力和动力
Institutional restructuring of the State Council was basically completed and that of local governments is progressing steadily.Comprehensive rural reforms continued to deepen, and reform of collective forest rights was instituted throughout the country.SOE reform was deepened.The transformation of the Agricultural Bank of China and China Development Bank into joint stock companies proceeded smoothly.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax went into effect, and real estate taxes were unified for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises and Chinese and foreign individuals.After years of deliberation, reform in pricing, taxes and fees for refined petroleum products was smoothly introduced.Aplan for reform of the pharmaceutical and health care system was devised and referred to the general public for comments.These innovations in systems and mechanisms have laid a solid foundation for our long-term development.国务院机构改革基本完成，地方机构改革稳步推进。农村综合改革继续深化，集体林权制度改革全面推开。国有企业改革不断深化。中国农业银行和国家开发银行股份制改革顺利进行。实施新的企业所得税法，统一内外资企业和个人房地产税收制度。酝酿多年的成品油价格和税费改革顺利推出。制定医药卫生体制改革方案并公开征求意见。体制机制创新为长远发展奠定了坚实基础。2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)The country opened wider to the outside world.We vigorously implemented the strategy of competing on quality and diversifying export markets.We increased efforts to establish innovation bases to invigorate trade through science and technology and bases for providing services outsourced from other countries.We supported the export of products with Chinese trademarks and intellectual property rights.We improved the policy system for the processing trade.We steadily opened service industries wider to the outside world and provided more guidance to orient foreign investment in China.We integrated existing funds and set up new ones designed to promote external economic and technological cooperation.We promulgated regulations on managing overseas contracted projects and rectified the system of administration of cooperative overseas labor services.We actively promoted energy and resources cooperation overseas, further expanded our assistances to other countries, and the pace of enterprises going global was accelerated.Further progress was made in the development of free trade zones, and in our economic dialogues with major trading partners and mutually beneficial cooperation with other developing countries.对外开放水平继续提高。大力实施以质取胜和出口市场多元化战略。加强科技兴贸创新基地和服务外包基地建设，支持自主品牌和自主知识产权产品出口。完善加工贸易政策体系。稳步扩大服务业对外开放，加强对外商投资方向的引导。整合建立新的对外经济技术合作专项资金，发布对外承包工程管理条例，理顺对外劳务合作管理体制。积极推进境外能源资源合作，企业“走出去”步伐加快，对外援助进一步扩大。自由贸易区建设、与主要经贸伙伴的经济对话、同发展中国家的互利合作取得新进展。
Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！
A massive earthquake that shocked the world struck Wenchuan on May 12.Under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, people of all ethnic groups in China, especially in the quake zone, worked as one and fought in unison against the earthquake disaster.The people's army rushed to the frontlines without thinking of their own safety.We launched an earthquake rescue and relief operation that accomplished its work faster, mobilized more personnel and committed more resources than ever before in China's history.We steadfastly gave top priority to saving people's lives.We pulled 84,000 survivors out of the rubble.We promptly repaired damaged infrastructure, and resolutely unblocked the Mount Tangjia quake lake to avert potential secondary disasters.We did our utmost to prevent an epidemic from occurring and ensured that there was no major outbreak of diseases after the deadly earthquake.The central government allocated 38.4 billion yuan for quake relief and 74 billion yuan for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.We promptly introduced a host of policies and measures to support the quake zone.We energetically organized one-to-one assistance to designated areas affected by the earthquake.People from all sectors of society in China made generous 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)donations, both in cash and in kind;our compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese contributed generously to the disaster relief campaign;and the international community provided us with earthquake rescue and relief assistance.All this combined to forma boundless source of strength for the Chinese people to overcome the disaster.This hard struggle against the earthquake produced uncountable touching and brave exploits and fully demonstrated the great indomitable and unyielding spirit of the Chinese people, thus writing a heroic chapter in the history of the nation.去年５月１２日，我国发生震惊世界的汶川特大地震。在党中央、国务院坚强领导下，全国各族人民特别是灾区人民万众一心、众志成城，人民子弟兵舍生忘死、冲锋在前，展开了我国历史上救援速度最快、动员范围最广、投入力量最大的抗震救灾斗争。我们坚持把抢救人的生命放在第一位，从废墟中抢救生还者８．４万人。迅速抢修基础设施，果断处置唐家山堰塞湖，避免严重次生灾害发生；全力开展防疫工作，实现了大灾之后无大疫。中央财政安排３８４亿元救灾款和７４０亿元恢复重建资金，迅速出台一系列支援灾区的政策措施。积极开展对口支援。社会各界踊跃捐助款物，广大香港同胞、澳门同胞、台湾同胞以及海外华侨华人奉献爱心，国际社会伸出援手，汇成了齐心协力抗击灾害的磅礴力量。这场艰苦卓绝的抗震救灾斗争，涌现出无数感天动地、可歌可泣的英雄事迹，充分展现了中国人民不屈不挠、自强不息的伟大民族精神，谱写了气壮山河的壮丽篇章。
None of the achievements we made last year came easily.They were the result of overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army and the people of all our ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations and people from all sectors of society.I also express our sincere thanks to compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan and to overseas Chinese, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China's modernization drive.过去一年的成就来之不易。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央统揽全局、正确领导的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民同心同德、团结奋斗的结果。在这里，我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢！
While acknowledging our achievements, we must be clearly aware that we face unprecedented difficulties and challenges.在肯定成绩的同时，也要清醒地看到，我们正面临前所未有的困难和挑战。2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)
First, the global financial crisis continues to spread and get worse.Demand continues to shrink on international markets;the trend toward global deflation is obvious;and trade protectionism is resurging.The external economic environment has become more serious, and uncertainties have increased significantly.一是国际金融危机还在蔓延、仍未见底。国际市场需求继续萎缩，全球通货紧缩趋势明显，贸易保护主义抬头，外部经济环境更加严峻，不确定因素显著增多。
Second, continuous drop in economic growth rate due to the impact of the global financial crisis has become a major problem affecting the overall situation.This has resulted in excess production capacity in some industries, caused some enterprises to experience operating difficulties and exerted severe pressure on employment.Factors leading to decline in government revenues and increase in government expenditures have increased.It has become more difficult to maintain steady agricultural development and keep rural incomes growing.二是受国际金融危机影响，经济增速持续下滑，已成为影响全局的主要矛盾。一些行业产能过剩，部分企业经营困难，就业形势十分严峻，财政减收增支因素增多，农业稳定发展、农民持续增收难度加大。
Third, institutional and structural problems that have long hindered healthy economic development still remain, and some of them are still prominent.Consumption demand is insufficient, and development of tertiary industries is sluggish.Our capacity for independent innovation is weak.Consumption of energy and other resources is high.Environmental pollution is serious.Disparities in development between urban and rural areas and between regions are widening.三是长期制约我国经济健康发展的体制性、结构性矛盾依然存在，有的还很突出。消费需求不足，第三产业发展滞后，自主创新能力不强，能源资源消耗多，环境污染重，城乡、区域发展差距仍在扩大。
Fourth, some problems affecting the vital interests of the people have not been fundamentally alleviated.There are still many problems demanding urgent solution in the areas of social security, education, health care, income distribution and public security.四是一些涉及人民群众切身利益的问题没有根本缓解，社会保障、教育、医疗、收入分配、社会治安等方面存在不少亟待解决的问题。
Fifth, order in the market is not well standardized;market oversight and law enforcement are not fully in place, and the social credit rating system is still in need of improvement.A number of serious and major incidents concerning food and 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)workplace safety have occurred, which have inflicted serious loss of life and property on the people and taught us a sobering lesson.五是市场秩序不规范，市场监管和执法不到位，社会诚信体系不健全。食品安全事件和安全生产重特大事故接连发生，给人民群众生命财产造成重大损失，教训十分深刻。
We need to thoroughly appreciate how serious and complex the international and domestic economic situations are, be more mindful of potential perils and crises, fully exploit favorable conditions and actively respond to all challenges so that we can successfully accomplish all our tasks and prove worthy of the great expectations and trust conferred on us by the people.我们一定要深刻认识国际国内经济形势的严峻性和复杂性，增强危机意识和忧患意识，充分利用有利条件，积极应对各种挑战，努力做好各项工作，绝不辜负人民的期望和重托。
II.General Plan for the Work in 2009
二、２００９年工作总体部署
This year is crucial for the implementation of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.It will also be the most difficult year for China's economic development since the beginning of the 21st century.We face arduous tasks in promoting reform, development and stability.今年是实施“十一五”规划的关键之年，也是进入新世纪以来我国经济发展最为困难的一年，改革发展稳定的任务十分繁重。
An analysis of the overall international and domestic situations shows that China is still in an important period of strategic opportunities.Challenges and opportunities coexist, as do hardships and hopes.Neither the fundamentals of China's economic and social development nor its positive long-term trend has changed.We are fully confident that we will overcome difficulties and challenges, and we have the conditions and ability to do so.Our confidence and strength come from many sources: from the scientific judgment and correct grasp of the situation of the central leadership;from the policies and measures that have been formulated and implemented to respond to challenges and promote long-term development;from the huge demand generated by the development of infrastructure, the upgrading of the industrial structure and consumption patterns, environmental protection, and the development of the ecosystem and social programs in the rapid process of industrialization and urbanization;from the support of such factors as our ample capital and labor resources, our sound financial system in smooth operation, vigorous enterprises and flexible macro control policies;from our material, scientific and technological base and institutional conditions that have been created in the 30 years 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)of reform and opening up;from our unique political and institutional advantages that enable us to mobilize resources to accomplish large undertakings, the stable, harmonious social environment we enjoy, and the enthusiasm and creativity of the whole nation from top to bottom to promote scientific development;and from the powerful spirit of the Chinese nation, which always works hard and persistently to make the country strong.As long as we closely follow the Party's leadership and firmly rely on the people of all our ethnic groups, we will be able to overcome any difficulties, minimize the adverse impact of the global financial crisis and promote sound and rapid economic and social development.综观国际国内形势，我国仍处于重要战略机遇期。挑战与机遇并存，困难与希望同在。我国经济社会发展的基本面和长期向好的趋势没有改变。我们完全有信心、有条件、有能力克服困难，战胜挑战。我们的信心和力量，来自中央对形势的科学判断和准确把握；来自已经制定并实施的应对挑战、着眼长远的一系列政策举措；来自工业化、城镇化快速推进中的基础设施建设、产业结构和消费结构升级、环境保护、生态建设和社会事业发展等方面的巨大需求；来自充裕的资金、丰富的劳动力资源等要素支撑；来自运行稳健的金融体系、活力增强的各类企业和富于弹性的宏观调控政策；来自改革开放３０年建立的物质、科技基础和体制条件；来自集中力量办大事的政治和制度优势、和谐安定的社会环境以及全国上下促进科学发展的积极性、创造性；来自中华民族坚忍不拔、发愤图强的伟大精神力量。只要我们紧紧依靠党的领导和全国各族人民，就没有克服不了的困难，就一定能够把国际金融危机的不利影响降到最低程度，就一定能够推动经济社会又好又快发展。
To carry out the work of the government well this year, we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide, and thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.We need to make ensuring steady and rapid economic development the main task of our economic work.We need to strengthen and improve macroeconomic control, vigorously expand domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, change the pattern of development and speed up strategic economic restructuring, and deepen reform and improve our work of opening to the outside world.We need to improve the people's lives, increase social harmony and promote all-round progress in socialist economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development.做好今年的政府工作，要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，把保持经济平稳较快发展作为经济工作的首要任务，加强和改善宏观调控，着力扩大国内需求特别是消费需求，着力转变发展方式、加快经济结构战略性调整，着力深化改革、提高对外开放水平，着力改善民生促进社会和谐，全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设。
We have set the following major targets for this year's national economic and social development: GDP will grow by about 8%;the economic structure will further 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)improve;urban employment will increase by more than nine million persons;the urban registered unemployment rate will be held under 4.6%, urban and rural incomes will grow steadily;the rise in the CPI will be around 4%;and the balance of payments will continue to improve.It needs to be stressed that in projecting the GDP growth target at about 8%, we have taken into consideration both our need and ability to sustain development.In China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion, maintaining a certain growth rate for the economy is essential for expanding employment for both urban and rural residents, increasing people's incomes and ensuring social stability.As long as we adopt the right policies and appropriate measures and implement them effectively, we will be able to achieve this target.今年国民经济和社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长８％左右，经济结构进一步优化；城镇新增就业９００万人以上，城镇登记失业率４．６％以内；城乡居民收入稳定增长；居民消费价格总水平涨幅４％左右；国际收支状况继续改善。这里要着重说明，提出８％左右的国内生产总值增长目标，综合考虑了发展的需要和可能。在我们这样一个１３亿人口的发展中国家，要扩大城乡就业，增加居民收入，维护社会稳定，就必须保持一定的经济增长速度。只要政策对头，措施得当，落实有力，就有可能实现这一目标。
To ensure success of the government's work this year, we must act on the following principles.做好今年政府工作，必须把握好以下原则：
First, we must boost domestic demand to sustain economic growth.We need to steadfastly take reversing the downward trend in economic growth as the primary goal of macro control, and make boosting domestic demand a long-term strategic principle and a basic point of departure for stimulating economic growth.We will work to increase effective demand, shore up weak links, and give full play to the leading role of domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, in driving economic growth.一是扩内需、保增长。坚持把扭转经济增速下滑趋势作为宏观调控最重要的目标，把扩大国内需求作为促进经济增长的长期战略方针和根本着力点，增加有效需求，加强薄弱环节，充分发挥内需特别是消费需求拉动经济增长的主导作用。
Second, we must adjust the structure of the economy to raise it to a higher level of development.In changing the pattern of development, we will continue to focus on economic restructuring and independent innovation.We will turn pressure into impetus for growth, unwaveringly protect and develop advanced productive forces, shut down backward production facilities, integrate factors of production and create more room for development.We will balance our efforts to sustain economic growth, adjust the structure and improve economic performance to raise the overall quality of the national economy and strengthen the basis for its further development.2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)二是调结构、上水平。坚持把推进经济结构调整和自主创新作为转变发展方式的主攻方向，变压力为动力，坚定不移地保护和发展先进生产力，淘汰落后产能，整合生产要素，拓展发展空间，实现保增长和调结构、增效益相统一，增强国民经济整体素质和发展后劲。
Third, we must press ahead with reform to make the economy more vigorous.We will continue to take deepening reform and opening up as the fundamental driving force for promoting scientific development.We need to further emancipate our minds, intensify reform in major areas and key links, eliminate obstacles embedded in systems and mechanisms and stimulate greater creativity for development.三是抓改革、增活力。坚持把深化改革开放作为促进科学发展的根本动力，进一步解放思想，加大重点领域和关键环节改革力度，消除体制机制障碍，激发创造活力。
Fourth, we must give top priority to ensuring people's well-being and promote social harmony.The more difficulties we face, the greater attention we should pay to ensuring people's well-being and promoting social harmony and stability.We will continue to ensure that maintaining and improving people's lives is always the starting and end point of our economic work.We will implement an even more proactive employment policy and closely integrate efforts to stimulate growth with efforts to expand employment and improve people's lives in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.四是重民生、促和谐。越是困难的时候，越要关注民生，越要促进社会和谐稳定。坚持把保障和改善民生作为经济工作的出发点和落脚点，实行更加积极的就业政策，把促进增长与扩大就业、改善民生紧密结合起来，让人民群众共享改革发展的成果。
III.Major Tasks for 2009
三、２００９年主要任务
This year, our government work will give high priority to dealing with the global financial crisis and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We will take a coordinated approach, stress key areas, and fully implement a package plan to ensure steady and rapid economic development.We will dramatically increase government investment by launching a four trillion yuan two-year investment plan, for which the central government has pledged 1.18 trillion yuan, and implement a structural tax reduction in order to stimulate domestic demand.We will also implement a massive plan to adjust and reinvigorate industries to raise the overall competitiveness of the economy;vigorously promote independent innovation and provide scientific and technological support to increase the sustaining power of development;and significantly increase social security benefits, expand urban and rural employment and promote development of social programs.To implement this package plan, we 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)will concentrate our efforts on the following seven areas.今年的政府工作，要以应对国际金融危机、促进经济平稳较快发展为主线，统筹兼顾，突出重点，全面实施促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。大规模增加政府投资，实施总额４万亿元的两年投资计划，其中中央政府拟新增１．１８万亿元，实行结构性减税，扩大国内需求；大范围实施调整振兴产业规划，提高国民经济整体竞争力；大力推进自主创新，加强科技支撑，增强发展后劲；大幅度提高社会保障水平，扩大城乡就业，促进社会事业发展。以实施一揽子计划为重点，今年要着力抓好以下七方面工作：
1.Improving and strengthening macro control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development
（一）加强和改善宏观调控，保持经济平稳较快发展
We need to adhere to a flexible and prudent control policy to make our macro control more responsive to changes and more results-oriented.We will reverse the slowdown in economic growth as soon as possible and maintain steady and rapid economic development.要坚持灵活审慎的调控方针，提高宏观调控的应变能力和实际效果，尽快扭转经济增速下滑趋势，保持经济平稳较快发展。
We will implement a proactive fiscal policy.实施积极的财政政策。
First, we will significantly increase government spending.This is the most active, direct and efficient way we can expand domestic demand.There will be a large discrepancy between government revenues and expenditures this year.On the one hand, a slowdown in economic growth and the reduction of tax burdens on enterprises and individuals will inevitably slow the growth of government revenues.On the other hand, we must significantly increase investment and government expenditures to stimulate economic growth, improve people's lives and deepen reform.To cover the shortfall arising from the decline in government revenues and growth in expenditures, we have set this year's central government deficit at 750 billion yuan, 570 billion yuan more than last year.In addition, the State Council will allow local governments to issue 200 billion yuan worth of government bonds through the Ministry of Finance, which will go into provincial budgets.These will add up to a 950 billion yuan deficit, accounting for less than 3% of the GDP.Although the deficit will increase significantly this year, the constant drop in government deficits in previous years provides room to issue more bonds this year, and the ratio of the cumulative balance of outstanding government bonds to GDP, which is around 20%, is within the acceptable range of what our overall national strength can bear and is therefore safe.2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)
一是大幅度增加政府支出，这是扩大内需最主动、最直接、最有效的措施。今年财政收支紧张的矛盾十分突出。一方面，经济增速放缓、减轻企业和居民税负必然会使财政收入增速下降；另一方面，为刺激经济增长、改善民生和深化改革，又需要大幅度增加投资和政府支出。为弥补财政减收增支形成的缺口，拟安排中央财政赤字７５００亿元，比上年增加５７００亿元，同时国务院同意地方发行２０００亿元债券，由财政部代理发行，列入省级预算管理。全国财政赤字合计９５００亿元，占国内生产总值比重在３％以内，虽然当年赤字增加较多，但由于前几年连续减少赤字，发债空间较大，累计国债余额占国内生产总值比重２０％左右，这是我国综合国力可以承受的，总体上也是安全的。
Second, we will carry out structural tax reduction and promote reform of taxes and fees.We will reduce tax burdens on enterprises and individuals by a variety of means such as tax cuts, rebates and exemptions to encourage enterprise investment and consumer spending and invigorate the micro-economy.Preliminary calculations indicate that the burdens on enterprises and individuals will fall by approximately 500 billion yuan this year as the result of comprehensively carrying out VAT reform;implementing existing preferential tax policies on small and medium-sized enterprises, the real estate industry and securities transactions and export rebate policies;and rescinding or suspending 100 administrative charges.二是实行结构性减税和推进税费改革。采取减税、退税或抵免税等多种方式减轻企业和居民税负，促进企业投资和居民消费，增强微观经济活力。初步测算，今年全面实施增值税转型，落实已出台的中小企业、房地产和证券交易相关税收优惠以及出口退税等方面政策，加上取消和停征１００项行政事业性收费，可减轻企业和居民负担约５０００亿元。
Third, we will optimize the structure of government expenditures.We will continue to increase investment in key areas, strictly control regular expenditures, and do everything we can to reduce administrative costs.三是优化财政支出结构。继续加大对重点领域投入，严格控制一般性开支，努力降低行政成本。
We will follow a moderately easy monetary policy and give monetary policy a more active role to play in promoting economic growth.实施适度宽松的货币政策。货币政策要在促进经济增长方面发挥更加积极的作用。
First, we will improve financial control.We will increase the broad money supply by about 17% and grant over five trillion yuan in additional loans to ensure that the supply of money and credit meets the requirements of economic development.2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)一是改善金融调控。保证货币信贷总量满足经济发展需求，广义货币增长１７％左右，新增贷款５万亿元以上。
Second, we will improve the credit structure.We will strengthen monitoring and guidance of the flow of credit, increase financial support for weak links such as agriculture, rural areas and farmers as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, and effectively resolve the problem some businesses have in getting financing.We will strictly control lending to industries and enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting or have excess production capacity.二是优化信贷结构。加强对信贷投向的监测和指导，加大对“三农”、中小企业等薄弱环节的金融支持，切实解决一些企业融资难问题。严格控制对高耗能、高污染和产能过剩行业企业的贷款。
Third, we will improve the mechanism for transmitting monetary policy and guarantee the smooth flow of funds.We will make full use of the advantages and special features of all kinds of financial institutions, innovate and improve financial services, satisfy reasonable requests for financing, and create a synergy for finance to promote economic development.三是进一步理顺货币政策传导机制，保证资金渠道畅通。充分发挥各类金融机构的优势和特点，创新和改进金融服务，满足合理资金需求，形成金融促进经济发展的合力。
Fourth, we will strengthen and improve financial oversight and supervision.All kinds of financial enterprises need to strengthen risk management and become better able to withstand risks.We will ensure that there is a proper balance between innovation, opening up, and oversight and supervision in the financial sector.We will strengthen monitoring and supervision of cross-border capital flows and maintain financial stability and security.四是加强和改进金融监管。各类金融企业都要加强风险管理，增强抵御风险能力。处理好金融创新、金融开放与金融监管的关系。加强跨境资本流动监测和管理，维护金融稳定和安全。
We need to make our fiscal and monetary policies more consistent and coordinated with our industrial, trade, land, investment and employment policies to create a control synergy.要加强产业、贸易、土地、投资、就业政策与财政、货币政策的一致性和协调性，形成调控合力。
2.Actively boosting domestic demand, especially consumer demand, and strengthening the role of domestic demand in driving economic growth 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)
（二）积极扩大国内需求特别是消费需求，增强内需对经济增长的拉动作用
First, we will expand consumption, especially individual consumption.We will continue to adjust income distribution, raise the proportion of the national income that goes to wages, increase the proportion of government spending dedicated to improving people's lives and expanding consumption, and increase subsidies to farmers and low-income urban residents.We need to cultivate areas of high consumer demand and expand consumption in new areas.We will improve the policy on automobile consumption, accelerate development of markets for second-hand cars and car rental, and guide and promote rational spending on automobiles.We will vigorously expand consumption that makes people's lives easier, such as community-based businesses, property management and household services;accelerate development of tourism and leisure consumption;increase consumption in culture, recreation, sports and fitness services;and vigorously expand consumption in new areas such as the Internet and animation.We will improve consumption policies and the consumption environment.We will accelerate the project to encourage retailers to open stores in more townships and villages, and encourage commercial chains to open more outlets in rural areas.We will intensify the development of consumption facilities and service networks in both urban and rural areas, rectify order in the market, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.We will promptly work out and introduce policies and measures to encourage consumption, and vigorously develop consumer credit.We will do all the work of implementing the programs for bringing home appliances, agricultural machinery, and automobiles and motorbikes to the countryside well, and we will make effective and flexible use of the 40 billion yuan in central government subsidies provided to get enterprises to increase their sales and enable farmers to enjoy real benefits.一是扩大消费尤其是居民消费。继续调整收入分配格局，提高劳动报酬占国民收入的比重，增加政府支出用于改善民生、扩大消费的比重，增加对城镇低收入群众和农民的补贴。要培育消费热点，拓展消费空间。完善汽车消费政策，加快发展二手车市场和汽车租赁市场，引导和促进汽车合理消费。大力发展社区商业、物业、家政等便民消费，加快发展旅游休闲消费，扩大文化娱乐、体育健身等服务消费，积极发展网络动漫等新型消费。完善消费政策，优化消费环境。加快建设“万村千乡”市场工程，推进连锁经营向农村延伸。要加强城乡消费设施和服务体系建设，规范市场秩序，维护消费者合法权益。抓紧研究出台鼓励消费的政策措施，积极发展消费信贷。做好“家电下乡”、“农机下乡”、“汽车、摩托车下乡”等工作，把中央财政的４００亿元补贴资金用好用活，使企业增加销售、农民得到实惠。
Second, we will maintain rapid growth in investment and improve the investment structure.The central government plans to invest 908 billion yuan this year.Government investment will focus on projects to improve people's lives such as those for developing low-income housing, education, heath care and culture;projects to conserve energy, protect the environment, improve the ecosystem, upgrade 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)technologies, and make scientific and technological innovations;projects to make key infrastructure improvements, including farmland improvement and water conservancy projects, railways, and freeways;and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.We must channel government investment to areas where it best counteracts the effects of the global financial crisis and to weak areas in economic and social development, and no government investment will be made in the regular processing industries.We will promptly work out and introduce preferential policies to encourage and guide non-governmental investment.We need to support non-governmental investment in areas favored by state industrial policies and encourage enterprises to increase spending on R&D and technological upgrading through proper release of information and improved guidance.All government money comes from the people, and we must spend every penny responsibly.We will make every effort to ensure that all construction projects meet high quality standards and are built to last and be passed onto our future generations as valuable legacy.二是保持投资较快增长和优化投资结构。今年中央政府投资总额９０８０亿元，主要用于保障性住房、教育、卫生、文化等民生工程建设，节能环保和生态建设，技术改造与科技创新，农田水利、铁路、高速公路等重点基础设施建设和地震灾后恢复重建。政府投资必须用在应对危机最关键的地方，用在经济社会发展的薄弱环节，绝不能用于一般加工工业。要抓紧研究出台鼓励引导社会投资的优惠政策。通过发布信息、加强引导，支持社会资本投向符合国家产业政策的领域，鼓励企业增加研发和技改投资。我们的每一分钱都来自人民，必须对人民负责。所有工程建设都要坚持百年大计、质量第一，给子孙后代留下宝贵财富。
Third, we will promote the steady and healthy development of the real estate market.We will adopt even more vigorous and effective policies and measures to stabilize market confidence and expectations, keep real estate investment stable, and promote steady and orderly development of the real estate industry.We will speed up implementation and improvement of policies and measures to promote development of low-income housing projects.Wewill strive to solve the housing problems of 7.5 million low-income urban families and 2.4 million families living in shantytowns in forests, on reclaimed land and around coalmines within three years.This year, the central government will allocate 49.3 billion yuan for the construction of low-income housing to increase funding for developing low-rent housing and improving housing conditions in shantytowns, and increase housing subsidies for the central and western regions by an appropriate amount.We will expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas and build permanent housing for nomads in ethnic minority areas.A pilot program will be launched in selected places where conditions permit to use the idle portion of the housing accumulation fund to support development of affordable housing.We will vigorously develop public rental housing.We will effectively implement credit, tax and other policies to support people in purchasing homes and making home improvements.Individuals who meet relevant criteria and apply for bank loans to support the purchase of a second home for personal use will enjoy similar preferential lending policies that apply to the purchase 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)of first homes.We will implement the policy to reduce or exempt the business tax on housing transfers to varying degrees based on the age of the housing.We will expand consumption and supply of ordinary commercial housing, and increase credit support for building small and medium-sized condominiums at low and medium price levels.We will speed up development of the market for second-hand homes and the home rental market.We will encourage and guide local governments to stabilize and develop their real estate market in light of local conditions, and strengthen supervision of the housing market by type.We will continue to rectify order in the real estate market, and standardize transactions.We will help rural migrant workers in cities solve their housing problems.We will deepen reform of the urban housing system to meet people's multilevel housing demand, and strive to ensure adequate housing for everyone.三是促进房地产市场稳定健康发展。采取更加积极有效的政策措施，稳定市场信心和预期，稳定房地产投资，推动房地产业平稳有序发展。加快落实和完善促进保障性住房建设的政策措施，争取用三年时间，解决７５０万户城市低收入住房困难家庭和２４０万户林区、垦区、煤矿等棚户区居民的住房问题。今年中央财政拟安排保障性安居工程资金４９３亿元，加大对廉租房建设和棚户区改造的投资支持力度，适当提高中西部地区补助标准，扩大农村危房改造试点范围，实施少数民族地区游牧民定居工程。选择一些有条件的地区进行试点，把部分住房公积金闲置资金补充用于经济适用住房建设。积极发展公共租赁住房。落实好支持居民购买自住性和改善性住房的信贷、税收和其他政策。对符合条件的第二套普通自住房购买者，比照执行首次贷款购买普通自住房的优惠政策；对住房转让环节营业税，按不同年限实行有区别的税收减免政策。促进普通商品住房消费和供给，加大对中小套型、中低价位普通商品房建设的信贷支持。加快发展二手房市场和住房租赁市场。鼓励引导各地因地制宜稳定和发展房地产市场，加强住房市场分类管理。继续整顿房地产市场秩序，规范交易行为。帮助进城农民工解决住房困难问题。深化城镇住房制度改革，满足居民多层次住房需求，努力实现住有所居的目标。
Fourth, we will accelerate recovery and reconstruction of areas hit by the Wenchuan earthquake.We will promptly and fully implement the master plan for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The central government will allocate 130 billion yuan for this purpose this year.We will quickly rebuild homes for quake-affected urban and rural residents by combining repair and reinforcement of existing housing with construction of new housing.We will basically complete reconstruction of rural houses collapsed or badly damaged during the earthquake, and ensure quake-stricken residents can move into new houses by the end of this year.We will accelerate rebuilding of schools in the quake zone and ensure that more than 95% of the students whose school buildings were destroyed in the earthquake will have permanent school buildings.We will continue work to repair and rebuild infrastructure such as transportation, communications, energy and water conservancy facilities.We will effectively prevent and control geological disasters, restore the ecosystem, improve the environment, and resume cultivation of damaged arable land.2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)We will speed up industrial rebuilding and development in the quake zone on the basis of the plan to adjust and reinvigorate key industries.We will continue to provide one-to-one assistance and special aid to the quake zone and manage and use funds, goods and materials for post-earthquake reconstruction well.We will intensify and accelerate post-earthquake reconstruction and strive to basically reach the targets in two years that had originally been set for three, so that residents of the quake zone can begin to live a happier life as soon as possible.四是加快推进地震灾区恢复重建。抓紧全面实施灾后恢复重建总体规划，中央财政今年再安排１３００亿元灾后重建资金。加快灾区城乡居民住房恢复重建，实行维修加固与新建相结合。基本完成因灾倒塌和严重损毁农房重建任务，保证受灾群众在今年底前住进新房。加快地震灾区学校恢复建设，确保今年底９５％以上的学生都能在永久性校舍中学习。继续推进交通、通信、能源、水利等基础设施恢复重建。搞好地质灾害防治、生态修复、环境整治和灾毁耕地复耕。结合实施重点产业调整振兴规划，加快灾区产业重建与发展。继续搞好对口支援和专项援助，管好用好灾后重建资金和物资。灾后重建要加大力度，加快进度，力争在两年内基本完成原定三年的目标任务，让灾区人民早日过上更加幸福美好的生活。
3.Consolidating and strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy, and promoting steady development of agriculture and continuous increase in rural incomes
（三）巩固和加强农业基础地位，促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收
We will focus on the following five areas.今年重点抓好五件事：
First, we will steadily develop grain production.We will effectively keep the area planted in grain crops stable, focus on increasing the yield per unit area and optimizing the variety mix, and increase the country's grain production capacity by 50 million tons.一是稳定发展粮食生产。切实稳定种植面积，着力提高单产，优化品种结构，推进全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设。
Second, we will adjust the agricultural structure based on market demand.We will support the production of important agricultural products in short supply, and improve the quality, profitability and competitiveness of agricultural products.We will speed up implementation of the new plan for developing agricultural products in regions with the most suitable conditions.We will support the growing of oil bearing and other cash crops in areas with the most suitable conditions.We will stabilize hog production, implement the plan for reinvigorating the dairy industry, and promote 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)large-scale, standardized, healthy farming practices in animal husbandry and aquaculture.We will strengthen the prevention and control of major animal and plant epidemics.二是以市场需求为导向调整农业结构。支持重要紧缺农产品生产，提高农产品质量、效益和竞争力。加快实施新一轮优势农产品区域布局规划，支持优势产区发展油料等经济作物，稳定生猪生产，实施奶业振兴规划，推进畜牧水产规模化标准化健康养殖。加强重大动植物疫病防控。
Third, we will intensify development of agricultural infrastructure and projects designed to improve the lives of rural people.We will develop land on a large scale and comprehensively improve farmland, water supplies, roads, and forests.We will upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will speed up the reinforcement of large and medium-sized reservoirs and dangerous key small reservoirs.We will further improve irrigated areas and build more small water conservancy facilities.By the end of next year, we will have basically paved the roads linking all towns and townships across the country and all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the eastern and central regions and will have completed the construction of roads connecting all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the western region.In addition, we will provide safe drinking water to another 60 million people and methane to an additional five million households.We will continue to improve rural infrastructure, including power grids, postal service, and telecommunications, and intensify development of rural social programs.三是加强农业基础设施和农村民生工程建设。大规模开展土地整治，实行田、水、路、林综合治理，推进中低产田改造，建设高标准农田。加快大中型和重点小型病险水库除险加固进度，加强灌区改造和小型农田水利建设。到明年底，基本实现全国乡镇和东中部地区具备条件的建制村道路硬化，西部地区具备条件的建制村通公路。再解决６０００万人安全饮水问题，增加５００万沼气用户，继续加强农村电网、邮政通信和社会事业等基础建设。
Fourth, we will increase rural incomes in a variety of ways.We will vigorously develop modern agriculture with distinctive local features, support intensive processing and sale of agricultural products, develop rural secondary and tertiary industries, accelerate the development of small towns, and strengthen county economies.四是多渠道促进农民增收。大力发展特色现代农业，扶持农产品精深加工和销售，发展农村二三产业，加快小城镇建设，壮大县域经济。
Fifth, we will intensify our efforts to alleviate poverty through development.This year, a new poverty line will be adopted and all low-income rural residents will be covered by the poverty relief policy.The threshold will be increased to 1,196 yuan per 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)person on average, and coverage will be extended to include 40.07 million recipients.This marks the beginning of a new stage in China's efforts to reduce poverty through development.We need to improve state poverty relief strategies and policies, increase funding, and steadfastly make development the basis of poverty reduction.We will give priority to eradicating poverty at the village level, training rural residents for nonagricultural employment, and reducing poverty through industrial development and relocation of residents so that the poor get the basic necessities, escape poverty, and become prosperous.五是加大扶贫开发力度。今年将实行新的扶贫标准，对农村低收入人口全面实施扶贫政策。新标准提高到人均１１９６元，扶贫对象覆盖４００７万人，这标志着我国扶贫开发进入一个新阶段。要完善国家扶贫战略和政策，加大扶贫资金投入，坚持开发式扶贫，重点抓好整村推进、劳动力转移培训、产业化扶贫和移民扶贫，稳定解决扶贫对象温饱问题并努力实现脱贫致富。
We will take the following measures to comprehensively strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers.全面加强“三农”工作要采取以下措施：
First, we will greatly increase funding for agriculture and rural areas.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers will total 716.1 billion yuan this year, a year-on-year increase of 120.6 billion yuan.We will significantly increase funding for rural public facilities in the central and western regions, and relieve governments at and below the county level of the burden of providing supporting funds for them.Greater priority will be given to major grain-producing areas in implementing the policies and measures supporting grain production.More general transfer payments and financial rewards will be provided to major grain-producing counties and greater support given to projects for industrializing grain production.一要大幅度增加农业农村投入。今年中央财政拟安排“三农”投入７１６１亿元，比上年增加１２０６亿元。大幅度增加对中西部地区农村公益性建设项目投入，取消县及县以下相关资金配套要求。支持粮食生产的政策措施向主产区倾斜，加大对产粮大县一般性转移支付、财政奖励和粮食产业建设项目的扶持力度。
Second, we will significantly raise minimum grain purchase prices and keep the prices of agricultural products stable at a reasonable level to encourage farmers to grow more.This year the floor price for the purchase of wheat and rice will be increased by 0.22 yuan and 0.26 yuan per kilogram on average respectively.We will apply policies in a timely fashion to temporarily purchase and stockpile major agricultural products to build up reserves of grain, cotton, edible oil and pork, and strengthen regulation of the farm products market.2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)二要较大幅度提高粮食最低收购价，保持农产品价格合理水平，提高种粮农民积极性。今年小麦、稻谷最低收购价平均每斤分别提高０．１１元和０．１３元。适时启动主要农产品临时收储政策，增加粮食、棉花、食用植物油和猪肉储备，加强农产品市场调控。
Third, we will further increase agricultural subsidies.Central government funding for these subsidies will total 123 billion yuan, an increase of 20 billion yuan over last year.Direct subsidies to grain producers will continue to increase.We will increase subsidies for the use of superior seed varieties, raise subsidy levels, make subsidies available to all rice, wheat, corn and cotton growers, extend them more widely to canola and soybean farmers, and start to subsidize tea-oil tree planting.The central government will spend 13 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of nine billion yuan, on subsidies to all agricultural and pastoral counties(farms)throughout the country for purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We will promptly increase general subsidies for agricultural supplies to coordinate with price rises and changes in the acreage planted in various crops.三要进一步增加农业补贴。中央财政拟安排补贴资金１２３０亿元，比上年增加２００亿元。继续增加粮食直补。加大良种补贴力度，提高补贴标准，实现水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花全覆盖，扩大油菜和大豆良种补贴范围，实施油茶良种补贴。农机具购置补贴覆盖到全国所有农牧业县（场），中央财政拟安排资金１３０亿元，比上年增加９０亿元。根据农资价格上涨幅度和农作物播种面积，及时增加农资综合补贴。
Fourth, we will speed up development of a new system under which various sectors of society provide services for agriculture.We will increase spending on agricultural science and technology, intensify efforts to expand application of innovations in agricultural science and technology and become better able to provide agriculture-related technical services.We will improve public service agencies charged with promoting application of agricultural technologies, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and monitoring the quality of agricultural products at the local level.We will support supply and marketing cooperatives, specialized farmer cooperatives and pacesetting enterprises in providing diverse production and operation services.四要加快新型农业社会化服务体系建设。加大农业科技投入，加强农业科技创新成果推广和服务能力建设。健全基层农业技术推广、动植物疫病防控、农产品质量监管等公共服务机构，支持供销合作社、农民专业合作社、龙头企业等提供多种形式的生产经营服务。
Fifth, we will stabilize and improve the basic rural operation system.We will ensure that existing land contract relationships remain stable and unchanged for a long time to come, and enhance and better protect the land contract and management rights enjoyed by rural residents, including migrant workers who are away from their home 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)villages.The transfer of land use rights must occur on a compensated, voluntary basis and be conducted in accordance with the law.We will adhere to and apply the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing on the use of land, and do everything in our power to keep the total amount of arable land above the red line of 120 million hectares.Reform of the system of collective forest rights will move forward.Overall rural reform will be deepened.We will accelerate reform of town and township government departments and work actively yet prudently to ease the debts of townships and villages.五要稳定完善农村基本经营制度。现有土地承包关系要保持稳定并长久不变，赋予农民包括离乡农民工更加充分而有保障的土地承包经营权。土地承包经营权流转必须坚持依法自愿有偿的原则。坚持和落实最严格的耕地保护制度和最严格的节约用地制度，严守１８亿亩耕地红线不动摇。推进集体林权制度改革。深化农村综合改革。加快乡镇机构改革。积极稳妥化解乡村债务。
4.Accelerating transformation of the pattern of development and energetically promoting strategic economic restructuring
（四）加快转变发展方式，大力推进经济结构战略性调整
This year we will focus on improving industrial restructuring in order to maintain economic growth and promote industrial upgrading.今年要围绕保增长、促升级，重点抓好产业结构调整。
First, we will conscientiously implement plans for adjusting and invigorating key industries such as the automobile, steel, shipbuilding, petrochemical, textile, nonferrous metals, equipment manufacturing, information technology, modern logistics, and light industries.We will carry out industrial restructuring and upgrading to resolve the prominent problems and conflicts that hinder their development.一是认真实施汽车、钢铁、造船、石化、轻工、纺织、有色金属、装备制造、电子信息、现代物流等重点产业调整和振兴规划。着力解决这些行业发展中存在的突出矛盾和问题，推进结构调整和优化升级。
Second, we will energetically adjust the structure of enterprises and carry out mergers and reorganizations.We will support superior enterprises in acquiring ones that are backward or have financial difficulties.We will encourage well-established enterprises to work with each other, and upstream and downstream enterprises to integrate their operations in order to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.二是大力推进企业组织结构调整和兼并重组，支持优势企业并购落后企业和困难企业，鼓励强强联合和上下游一体化经营，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)
Third, we will take more effective measures to support development of small and medium-sized enterprises.We will promptly implement financial support policies, improve the financing guarantee system, streamline loan procedures, and increase the scale of loans.Central government funding for supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises will increase from 3.9 billion yuan to 9.6 billion yuan.We will continue to implement preferential tax policies to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to make scientific and technological innovations, upgrade their technology, and create more jobs.We will improve the system under which various sectors of society provide services for small and medium-sized enterprises.三是采取更加有力的措施扶持中小企业发展。抓紧落实金融支持政策，健全融资担保体系，简化贷款程序，增加贷款规模。中央财政中小企业发展资金从３９亿元增加到９６亿元。继续实行鼓励中小企业科技创新、技术改造、增加就业的税收优惠政策。健全中小企业社会化服务体系。
Fourth, we will actively support enterprises in accelerating technological upgrading and develop innovation-based enterprises.The central government will allocate 20 billion yuan, mainly in interest subsidies, to support technological upgrading in enterprises.We will encourage enterprises to apply new technologies, new production processes, new equipment and new materials so that they can adapt to market changes, develop more readily marketable products, undertake product innovation, and improve their product quality and the level of production and business operations.四是积极支持企业加快技术改造，建设创新型企业。中央财政拟安排２００亿元专项资金，主要用贴息方式支持企业技术改造。鼓励企业应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，适应市场变化，开发适销对路产品，推进产品创新，提高产品质量和生产经营水平。
Fifth, we will accelerate development of modern service industries.We will promote development of the banking, insurance, modern logistics, consulting, software and creative industries, and develop new types of services.We will upgrade traditional service industries.五是加快发展现代服务业。促进金融保险、现代物流、信息咨询、软件和创意产业发展，拓展新兴服务领域。提升传统服务业。
We will vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation.We will integrate making technological innovation with boosting domestic demand, maintaining economic growth, making structural adjustments and raising the level of development.This year the central government will allocate 146.1 billion yuan to the science and technology sector, up 25.6% from last year.2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)大力推进科技创新。科技创新要与扩内需、促增长，调结构、上水平紧密结合起来。今年中央财政科技投入１４６１亿元，增长２５．６％。
First, we need to speed up implementation of the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, particularly, implementation of major science and technology projects.We will select and launch a number of projects that give strong impetus to scientific and technological development, have a widespread impact, and yield quick results, in order to quickly make breakthroughs in core and key generic technologies that can stimulate the transformation of industries and technological upgrading, and support invigoration of industries and long-term economic development.一要加快实施国家中长期科技发展规划纲要，特别是科技重大专项。选择一些带动力强、影响面大、见效快的项目抓紧开展工作，争取尽快突破一批核心技术和关键共性技术，带动产业转型和技术升级，支撑产业振兴和经济长远发展。
Second, we need to deepen reform of the science and technology management system.We will get enterprises to play a key role in technological innovation, and encourage more scientists and engineers to work on the frontlines of economic development spreading technologies, doing product R&D, and starting technology based enterprises.We will get enterprises, universities, and research institutes to work more closely together to accelerate the application of scientific and technological advances in production.二要深化科技体制改革，发挥企业在技术创新中的主体作用。动员更多科技人员投身经济建设第一线，推广技术、研发产品、创办科技型企业。推进产学研结合，加快科技成果向现实生产力转化。
Third, we will make the equipment manufacturing industry stronger and larger.We will implement the project to increase self-sufficiency in doing R&D on manufacturing major equipment and implement a related system of government procurement.We will vigorously develop manufacturing of complete sets of major equipment, high-tech equipment and equipment needed in high-tech industries, raise the level of integrated innovation and make greater use of domestic components in the equipment manufacturing industry.三要做强做大装备制造业。落实自主研发重大装备国内依托工程和政府采购制度，着力发展重大成套设备、高技术装备和高技术产业所需装备，提高装备制造业集成创新和国产化水平。
Fourth, we will support and promote R&D on technologies in new energy sources, biology, medicine, third generation mobile communications, the integration of telecommunications networks, cable TV networks and the Internet, energy conservation and environmental protection, and their industrial application.We will 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)develop clusters of new-and high-tech industries, and create new areas of demand in society.四要支持和推进新能源、生物、医药、第三代移动通信、三网融合、节能环保等技术研发和产业化，发展高新技术产业群，创造新的社会需求。
Fifth, we will continue to implement the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country through human resources development and the intellectual property rights strategy.We will continue to develop the national innovation system, intensify basic research and research in leading-edge technologies, and accelerate development of major infrastructure facilities and public platforms for science and technology.We will work vigorously to bring in high-caliber personnel and intellectual resources from overseas and intensify the training of all types of personnel.We will become better able to create, utilize, protect and manage intellectual property rights.五要继续实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略和知识产权战略。继续推进国家创新体系建设，加强基础科学和前沿技术研究，加快重大科技基础设施和公用平台建设。积极引进海外高层次人才和智力，加强各类人才队伍建设。提高知识产权创造、运用、保护和管理水平。
We will work tirelessly to save energy, reduce emissions, preserve the ecosystems, and protect the environment.毫不松懈地加强节能减排和生态环保工作。
First, we will emphasize energy conservation in the three key areas of industry, transportation and construction;continue work on the ten major energy conservation projects;and implement energy-conserving measures for power generators, boilers, automobiles, air-conditioners and lighting products.一是突出抓好工业、交通、建筑三大领域节能，继续推进十大重点节能工程建设，落实电机、锅炉、汽车、空调、照明等方面的节能措施。
Second, we will energetically develop a circular economy and clean energy.We will steadfastly save energy, water and land.We will vigorously develop clean energy such as nuclear, hydraulic, wind, and solar power.We will promote the adaptation of clean coal technology for industrial application.We will strictly enforce national standards for energy consumption and environmental protection, increase the use of energy-conserving technologies and products, and promote comprehensive utilization of resources.二是大力发展循环经济和清洁能源。坚持节能节水节地。积极发展核电、水电、风电、太阳能发电等清洁能源。推进洁净煤技术产业化。严格执行能耗和环 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)保国家标准，加大节能技术和产品推广应用力度，加强资源综合利用。
Third, we will improve our policies for conserving energy and protecting the environment, and strictly enforce the system of standards, assessment system and monitoring system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.三是健全节能环保各项政策，按照节能减排指标体系、考核体系、监测体系，狠抓落实。
Fourth, we will launch a nationwide campaign on the importance of energy conservation and emissions reduction, in which state organs and government-affiliated enterprises and institutions need to play an exemplary role.四是开展全民节能减排行动，国家机关、公共企事业单位要发挥表率作用。
Fifth, we will continue to intensify pollution prevention and control in key river valleys and regions;control the spread of stony deserts and desertification;carry out ecological conservation projects to build key forest shelterbelts, protect virgin forests, and bring the sources of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin under control;and protect water, forests, grasslands, wetlands and other elements of the ecosystems.We will comprehensively improve the rural environment.We will rectify and standardize order in the exploitation of mineral resources and develop and use marine resources wisely.五是继续强化重点流域、区域污染防治，加强石漠化、荒漠化治理，实施重点防护林、天然林保护和京津风沙源治理等生态建设工程，保护水、森林、草原、湿地等生态环境。推进农村环境综合整治。整顿规范矿产资源开发秩序。合理开发利用海洋资源。
Sixth, we will implement the national plan for addressing climate change and become better able to respond to it.We will intensify basic research in meteorology, earthquake science, disaster prevention and mitigation, and surveying and mapping and strengthen these areas.六是实施应对气候变化国家方案，提高应对气候变化能力。加强气象、地震、防灾减灾、测绘基础研究和能力建设。
We will comprehensively improve product quality and enhance workplace safety.This year we will launch a campaign to rectify and standardize order in the market and carry out the Quality and Safety Year campaign, which requires all industries and sectors to strengthen quality and safety supervision of all personnel and all processes in all areas.We will further tighten oversight and supervision of workplace safety in key industries and resolutely prevent serious and major accidents.We will make intensive efforts to improve food and drug safety, and improve and strictly enforce 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)standards for product quality and safety.We will implement strict market access rules and product trace ability and recall systems so that the people buy food and drugs with confidence and consume them with satisfaction.全面提高产品质量和安全生产水平。今年要在全国开展整顿和规范市场秩序专项行动以及“质量和安全年”活动，各行各业都要加强全员、全过程、全方位质量和安全管理。进一步强化重点行业安全生产监管，坚决遏制重特大安全事故发生。深入开展食品药品安全专项整治，健全并严格执行产品质量安全标准。实行严格的市场准入制度和产品质量追溯制度、召回制度。要让人民群众买得放心、吃得安心、用得舒心。
We will continue to implement the overall regional development strategy of promoting the large-scale development of the western region, reinvigorating northeast China and other old industrial bases, energizing development of the central region, and getting the eastern region to take the lead in development, and promote balanced development among regions.We will encourage all regions to work on the basis of local conditions, make full use of their advantages, and find a new path for development in response to the shock of external events.The eastern region needs to vigorously open up international markets, stabilize exports, and develop advanced manufacturing, modern services and new-and high-tech industries.It needs to accelerate industrial upgrading and institutional innovation, foster new areas of economic growth, create new advantages for participating in international cooperation and competition, and raise its capability for sustainable development.Special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin need to continue to take the lead in reform and opening up.We will increase support to the central and western regions and northeast China to improve their weak links in development.To remove bottlenecks in these regions, we will increase spending on infrastructure, ecological conservation and environmental protection, launch a number of key transportation and water conservancy projects, and accelerate development of a number of grain, energy, raw materials and equipment manufacturing bases that have distinctive local features and special advantages.We will accelerate development of key areas on a priority basis.We will promote the transformation of the economies of cities once dependent on now-depleted mineral resources in these regions.We will promptly formulate specific policies to encourage industries to relocate to the central and western regions, and formulate and implement a national plan for development priority zones.We will fully support the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas.继续实施西部大开发、东北地区等老工业基地振兴、中部地区崛起、东部地区率先发展的区域发展总体战略，促进区域协调发展。鼓励各地从实际出发，充分发挥自身优势，在应对外部冲击中闯出发展新路。东部地区要大力开拓国际市场，稳定出口，着力发展先进制造业、现代服务业和高新技术产业，加快产业升级和体制创新，培育新的经济增长点，形成参与国际合作竞争新优势，增强更高水平上的可持续发展能力。经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区要继续当好
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)改革开放排头兵。进一步支持中西部和东北地区加强薄弱环节，以消除瓶颈制约为重点，加大基础设施、生态建设和环境保护投资力度，新开工一批交通、水利重点工程，加快建设一批粮食、能源原材料、装备制造等优势产业基地和特色产业基地，加快重点地区优先开发，促进矿产资源枯竭型城市经济转型。抓紧研究制定中西部地区承接产业转移的具体政策。制定和实施全国主体功能区规划。大力扶持革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区和贫困地区发展。
5.Continuing to deepen reform and opening up, and further improving systems and mechanisms conducive to developing in a scientific manner
（五）继续深化改革开放，进一步完善有利于科学发展的体制机制
Reform and opening up provide an inexhaustible driving force for economic and social development.We will unswervingly carry out reform and opening up, resolve thorny problems hindering development by deepening reform, and obtain opportunities for development as China opens wider to the outside world.改革开放是经济社会发展的不竭动力。我们将坚持改革开放不动摇，通过深化改革破解发展难题，在扩大开放中赢得发展机遇。
We will move ahead with price reform for resource products.We will continue to deepen reform of power prices and gradually improve the mechanism for determining rates for putting power on the grid, transmitting and distributing power, and selling power, and balance the prices of coal and power in a timely fashion.We will press ahead with reform of water prices, gradually increase the price of water for non-farming purposes supplied from water projects, and improve the system for collecting and managing water resource fees.We will accelerate the establishment of sound systems for paying for the use of mineral resources and for compensating for ecological damage, and actively carry out trade in pollution rights on a trial basis.推进资源性产品价格改革。继续深化电价改革，逐步完善上网电价、输配电价和销售电价形成机制，适时理顺煤电价格关系。积极推进水价改革，逐步提高水利工程供非农业用水价格，完善水资源费征收管理体制。加快建立健全矿产资源有偿使用制度和生态补偿机制，积极开展排污权交易试点。
We will carry forward reform of the fiscal and taxation systems.We will comprehensively institute VAT reforms.We will extend the urban construction and maintenance tax and education surcharges from Chinese to foreign enterprises and citizens.We will reform and improve the system of resource taxes.We will carry out reform of the taxation system for the real estate industry.We will continue to bring order to administrative fees and government-managed funds and further standardize their management.We will deepen reform of the budgetary system to better coordinate the budget for the government's public expenditures, budget for use of state capital, budget for government-managed funds, and budget for social security
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)programs and vigorously promote greater openness in budgetary work.We will improve the transfer payment system.We will promote the reform to place county public finances directly under the management of provincial governments.推进财税体制改革。全面实施增值税转型改革。统一内外资企业和个人城建税、教育费附加等制度。改革完善资源税制度。研究推进房地产税制改革。继续清理行政事业性收费和政府性基金，加强规范管理。深化预算制度改革，实现政府公共预算、国有资本经营预算、政府性基金预算和社会保障预算的有机衔接，积极推进预算公开。完善财政转移支付制度。推进省直管县财政管理方式改革。
We will carry forward reform of the financial system.We will deepen the reform of state-owned financial institutions, and steadily develop small and medium-sized financial enterprises under multiple forms of ownership and new types of rural financial institutions.We will actively encourage healthy development of informal financing.We will continue to carry out reform of capital markets, and stabilize stock markets.We will develop and standardize the bond market, and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance sector to make the most of its guarantee and financing functions.We will carry forward market-based reform of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime, and keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will strengthen the mechanism for coordinating oversight and supervision in the financial sector.推进金融体制改革。深化国有金融机构改革。稳步发展多种所有制中小金融企业和新型农村金融机构。积极引导民间融资健康发展。推进资本市场改革，维护股票市场稳定。发展和规范债券市场。稳步发展期货市场。深化保险业改革，积极发挥保险保障和融资功能。推进利率市场化改革。完善人民币汇率形成机制，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。健全金融监管协调机制。
We will carry forward reform of state-owned enterprises and support the development of the non-public sector of the economy.We will deepen the reform to introduce corporate and shareholding systems in large state-owned enterprises and establish a sound modern corporate structure.We will accelerate reform of the railway, power and salt industries, improve the administrative systems of the civil aviation and telecommunications industries, and formulate and introduce complementary policies for regulating reform of the telecommunications system.We will encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector.We will implement all the policies for relaxing controls over market access and energetically support the involvement of private capital in SOE reform and its entry into such areas as infrastructure, public utilities, financial services and social programs.推进国有企业改革和支持非公有制经济发展。深化国有大型企业公司制、股份制改革，建立健全现代企业制度。加快铁路、电力、盐业等行业改革。完善民航、电信管理体制，制定出台电信体制改革配套监管政策。鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展。落实放宽市场准入的各项政策，积极支持民间资本参与国有企
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)业改革，进入基础设施、公用事业、金融服务和社会事业等领域。
We will accelerate institutional reform in local governments and move forward with the reform of government-affiliated institutions.加快地方政府机构改革。推进事业单位改革。
We will strive to ensure steady growth in foreign trade.While stressing the importance of boosting domestic demand, we must not slacken efforts to promote export.In the face of the serious situation of a sharp decline in external demand and growing trade protectionism, we will straighten out and adjust our foreign trade policies and increase our support for import and export.We will continue to diversify our export markets and compete on quality, enhance traditional export markets, and energetically open up new markets.努力保持对外贸易稳定增长。我们强调扩大内需，绝不能放松出口。面对外部需求急剧萎缩、贸易保护主义抬头的严峻形势，要清理和调整外贸政策，加大对进出口工作的支持力度。坚持出口市场多元化和以质取胜战略，巩固传统出口市场，大力开拓新兴市场。
First, we will fully employ internationally accepted fiscal and taxation policies to support our export.We will increase the Foreign Trade Development Fund to an appropriate extent, focusing on cultivating brand-name export products and supporting small and medium-sized enterprises in expanding their international markets.一是充分运用国际通行的财税政策支持出口；适度扩大外贸发展基金规模，重点支持中小企业开拓国际市场和培育出口品牌。
Second, we will improve our financial services for importing and exporting.We will expand the coverage of export credit insurance, and encourage financial institutions to develop export credit.We need to make innovations in financing guarantees for export enterprises.二是改善对进出口的金融服务。扩大出口信用保险覆盖面；鼓励金融机构发展出口信贷；创新出口企业融资担保方式。
Third, we will steadily carry out upgrading of processing trade.We will improve the climate for developing it, and adjust the list of commodities whose processing is classified as prohibited or subject to restrictions.We will encourage the relocation of export processing industries to the central and western regions.三是稳步推进加工贸易转型升级。改善加工贸易发展环境，调整加工贸易禁止类和限制类目录；鼓励出口加工业向中西部地区转移。
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)
Fourth, we will promptly improve policies and measures to encourage development of trade in services and energetically develop the outsourcing of international services to China.四是抓紧完善鼓励服务贸易的政策措施；大力发展国际服务外包。
Fifth, we will strive to expand imports, focusing on introducing advanced technology and equipment and increasing imports of key spare parts and components, and important energy sources, resources and raw materials.五是努力扩大进口。重点引进先进技术装备，增加关键零部件元器件、重要能源资源和原材料进口。
Sixth, we will improve the level of trade facilitation.We will improve supervision and service in customs, quality inspections and foreign exchange and intensify the development of border ports.六是提高贸易便利化水平。优化海关、质检、外汇等方面监管和服务；加强边境口岸建设。
Seventh, we will work for a favorable international environment for trade and economic cooperation.We will vigorously promote the Doha round of trade talks, accelerate implementation of the strategy of free trade zones, and properly handle trade frictions.七是营造良好的国际经贸环境。积极推动多哈回合谈判；加快实施自由贸易区战略；妥善应对贸易摩擦。
We will promote balanced development between foreign investment in China and Chinese investment overseas.We will keep the size of foreign investment in China steady and encourage more foreign investment in new-and high-tech industries, advanced manufacturing, energy-conservation and environmental protection industries, and modern service industries.We will further straighten out and standardize administrative fees for foreign-investment projects and the criteria for evaluating them.We will upgrade national development zones in the central and western regions and improve the opening of our border areas to the outside world.We will continue to implement the “go global” strategy, support all kinds of competent Chinese enterprises in investing overseas and undertaking international mergers and acquisitions, and encourage large enterprises to play a leading role in implementing the “go global” strategy.We will vigorously promote the establishment of trade and economic cooperation zones, joint exploitation of resources, undertaking of contracted projects and labor service cooperation in other countries.We will increase financial support for enterprises engaged in overseas investment and economic
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)cooperation, and expand channels for investment in other countries.We will expand the scope of the registration system for Chinese investment overseas, and strengthen risk control and supervision of enterprises' overseas investments.推动利用外资和对外投资协调发展。稳定利用外资规模，引导外资投向高新技术产业、先进制造业、节能环保产业和现代服务业。进一步清理和规范涉及外商投资的行政收费和检查事项。提升中西部国家级开发区发展水平和沿边开放水平。继续实施“走出去”战略。支持各类有条件的企业对外投资和开展跨国并购，充分发挥大型企业在“走出去”中的主力军作用。积极推进境外经贸合作区建设。发展境外资源合作开发、工程承包和劳务合作。加强企业对外投资合作的金融支持，拓宽对外投资渠道。扩大境外投资备案登记制范围。加强企业对外投资的风险控制和监管。
6.Energetically developing social programs and vigorously ensuring and improving the well-being of the people
（六）大力发展社会事业，着力保障和改善民生
This year we will concentrate on accomplishing major tasks that are urgently needed in economic and social development and directly related to the vital interests of the people to improve their well-being.今年要集中力量办一些经济社会发展急需、关系人民群众切身利益的大事实事，让人民群众得到更多实惠。
We will do everything in our power to stimulate employment.We will make full use of the role of the service sector, labor-intensive industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, and the non-public sector of the economy in creating jobs.We will implement a more proactive employment policy, and the central government will allocate 42 billion yuan for this purpose.千方百计促进就业。充分发挥服务业、劳动密集型产业、中小企业、非公有制经济在吸纳就业中的作用。实施更加积极的就业政策，中央财政拟投入４２０亿元资金。
First, we will give high priority to facilitating the employment of university graduates.Graduates who take jobs in public administration and public services at the community level in urban and rural areas will receive social security benefits and position subsidies.Those who either take jobs in villages or enlist in the army will receive tuition reimbursement and have their student loans forgiven.We will encourage institutions of higher learning, research institutes and enterprises undertaking key research projects to recruit qualified university graduates to do research work.Enterprises recruiting such graduates will receive relevant employment policy support from the government.We will speed up the establishment of startup
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)industrial parks and incubation bases that require less investment and yield quicker results where college graduates can start their own businesses.一是把促进高校毕业生就业放在突出位置。高校毕业生到城乡基层社会管理和公共服务岗位就业，给予社会保险和岗位补贴；到农村基层服务和参军入伍，给予学费补偿和代偿助学贷款。鼓励承担重点科研项目的高校、科研院所和企业吸纳符合条件的毕业生从事科研工作。企业吸纳符合条件的高校毕业生就业，可按规定享受相关就业扶持政策。加快建设一批投资少、见效快的大学生创业园或创业孵化基地。
Second, we will expand employment opportunities for rural migrant workers in cities while stabilizing their existing jobs.We will stimulate their employment through government investment and the launch of major projects.We will encourage and help enterprises that are in a difficult situation to prevent layoffs by renegotiating wage levels with their employees, adopting flexible employment and work hours, or providing job training for them.We will increase the export of organized labor services and guide the orderly flow of rural migrant workers.We will arrange for those that have returned to their home villages to take part in the construction of local public facilities.二是广开农民工就业门路和稳定现有就业岗位。要发挥政府投资和重大项目建设带动农民工就业的作用。鼓励和支持困难企业与员工协商薪酬，采取灵活用工、弹性工时、技能培训等办法，尽量不裁员。加强有组织的劳务输出，引导农民工有序流动。组织返乡农民工参与农村公共设施建设。
Third, we will help urban residents experiencing difficulty finding work, members of zero-employment households and workers in disaster-stricken areas find jobs.We will create more public-service jobs.三是帮助城镇就业困难人员、零就业家庭和灾区劳动力就业。进一步开辟公益性就业岗位。
Fourth, we will vigorously support individuals in starting their own businesses or finding jobs on their own, thus expanding employment by creating new businesses.We will adopt facilitating and preferential policies concerning market access, taxation, financing and land use to encourage more workers to become entrepreneurs.We will further lower the barrier for individuals, including rural migrant workers who have returned to their home villages, to start their own businesses and lend them more support in this area.四是大力支持自主创业、自谋职业，促进以创业带动就业。在市场准入、财税金融、经营用地等方面提供便利和优惠，鼓励更多劳动者成为创业者。对自主创业、农民工返乡创业要进一步降低门槛，给予更大支持。
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)Fifth, we will further improve public services for employment.We will improve the release of employment information and provide more effective career and employment guidance.We will vigorously develop vocational training.We will increase policy support for skills training for rural migrant workers and urban residents experiencing employment difficulty.五是进一步改善对就业的公共服务。加强就业信息发布、职业介绍和就业指导工作。大力开展职业培训。加大对就业困难人员和农民工职业技能培训的政策扶持。
We will move faster to improve the social safety net.加快完善社会保障体系。
First, we will press ahead with institutional development.We will improve the basic old-age insurance system, continue to carryout the pilot projects to fully fund personal accounts for old-age insurance, and comprehensively carry out planning at the provincial level.We will formulate and implement a method for old-age pensions for rural migrant workers.The pilot projects for establishing a new type of old-age insurance system for rural residents will cover approximately 10% of the counties and county-level cities in the country.We will introduce a method for transferring old-age pension accounts for workers moving from one region to another, and improve the systems of unemployment, workers' compensation, and maternity insurance.We will improve the urban and rural social assistance systems.一是推进制度建设。完善基本养老保险制度，继续开展做实个人账户试点，全面推进省级统筹。制定实施农民工养老保险办法。新型农村社会养老保险试点要覆盖全国１０％左右的县（市）。出台养老保险关系转移接续办法。完善失业、工伤、生育保险制度。健全城乡社会救助制度。
Second, we will expand coverage of social security programs, focusing on coverage for employees in the non-public sector, rural migrant workers, farmers whose land was expropriated, people with flexible employment arrangements and freelancers.All rural residents entitled to cost of living allowances will receive them.We will increase funding for the national social safety net through multiple channels.We will strengthen supervision of social security funds to ensure their safety.二是扩大社会保障覆盖范围。重点做好非公有制经济从业人员、农民工、被征地农民、灵活就业人员和自由职业者参保工作。农村低保要做到应保尽保。多渠道增加全国社会保障基金。切实加强社会保障基金监管，保证基金安全。
Third, we will increase social security benefits.We will continue to raise the basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees by an annual average of about 10% per person for the next two years.We will continue to increase unemployment insurance
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)benefits and workers' compensation.We will extend greater financial support to both urban and rural recipients of cost of living allowances and to childless and infirm rural residents who receive subsidies for food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses, and increase subsidies and living allowances to members of entitled groups.We will vigorously develop social welfare and charity programs.The central government plans to spend 293 billion yuan on the social safety net this year, up 17.6% or 43.9 billion yuan over the estimated figure for last year.Local governments will also increase funding in this area.三是提高社会保障待遇。今明两年继续提高企业退休人员基本养老金，人均每年增长１０％左右。继续提高失业保险金和工伤保险金标准。进一步提高城乡低保、农村五保等保障水平，提高优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准。大力发展社会福利事业和慈善事业。中央财政拟投入社会保障资金２９３０亿元，比上年预计数增加４３９亿元，增长１７．６％。地方财政也要加大投入。
We will continue to give priority to developing education.This year we will formulate the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development to make comprehensive arrangements for education reform and development in China through 2020.This year, we need to focus on the following five areas.坚持优先发展教育事业。今年要研究制定国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要，对２０２０年前我国教育改革发展作出全面部署。年内要重点抓好五个方面。
First, we will promote fairness in education.We will implement free compulsory education policies for both urban and rural areas well.We will increase public expenditures on rural compulsory education to 300 yuan per primary school student and 500 yuan per junior secondary school student.We will progressively ensure that children of rural migrant workers have access to free compulsory education in the places where their families have relocated.We will increase living allowances for rural students receiving compulsory education who come from poor families and stay in school dormitories.We will strive to basically clear the debts incurred in providing nine-year compulsory education in rural areas within three years.We will improve the national financial aid system for students and increase financial aid for secondary vocational school and university students from poor families to ensure that everyone enjoys equal opportunity to receive education and that no child is denied schooling due to financial difficulties.一是促进教育公平。落实好城乡免费义务教育政策。提高农村义务教育公用经费标准，把小学、初中学生人均公用经费分别提高到３００元和５００元。逐步解决农民工子女在输入地免费接受义务教育问题。增加农村义务教育阶段家庭经济困难寄宿生的生活补助。争取三年内基本解决农村“普九”债务问题。完善国家助学制度，加大对中等职业学校和高等院校家庭经济困难学生的资助，确保人人享有平等的受教育机会，不让一个孩子因家庭经济困难而失学。
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)
Second, we will optimize the education structure.We will energetically develop vocational education, with the focus on supporting rural secondary vocational education.We will gradually make secondary vocational education free, beginning this year with rural students from poor families and students studying agriculture-related subjects.We will continue to improve the quality of higher education, develop high-quality universities and key disciplines, and guide institutions of higher learning to adapt their specialties, curriculums and courses to meet the needs of the market and China's economic and social development.二是优化教育结构。大力发展职业教育，特别要重点支持农村中等职业教育。逐步实行中等职业教育免费，今年先从农村家庭经济困难学生和涉农专业做起。继续提高高等教育质量，推进高水平大学和重点学科建设，引导高等学校调整专业和课程设置，适应市场和经济社会发展需求。
Third, we will improve the quality of teachers.We will apply a performance-based salary system for teachers in compulsory education and raise salaries for the 12 million primary and secondary school teachers.The central government will spend 12 billion yuan and local governments will also increase funding for this purpose.We will step up training for all teachers, especially rural teachers, and encourage graduates from teachers colleges and other colleges and universities to teach at community and village schools.三是加强教师队伍建设。对义务教育阶段教师实行绩效工资制度，提高１２００万中小学教师待遇，中央财政为此将投入１２０亿元，地方财政也要增加投入。全面加强教师特别是农村教师培训，鼓励大学生、师范生到基层、农村任教。
Fourth, we will advance well-rounded education.Education of all types and at all levels must focus on promoting all-round development of students.Reform of curriculums, textbooks, teaching methods and examination and evaluation systems should be accelerated to relieve primary and secondary school students of their excessive study load so that they will have more time to think, practice and create.四是推进素质教育。各级各类教育都要着眼于促进人的全面发展，加快课程、教材、教育方法和考试评价制度改革，把中小学生从过重的课业负担中解放出来，让学生有更多的时间思考、实践、创造。
Fifth, we will implement a program to ensure that all primary and secondary school buildings are safe and promote standardization in the construction of rural primary and secondary schools.We will make school buildings places that are the safest and provide the greatest assurance to parents.五是实施全国中小学校舍安全工程，推进农村中小学标准化建设。要把学校建成最安全、家长最放心的地方。
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)
We will carry forward pharmaceutical and health care reform and development.We will ensure that public medical and health care services serve the public good and fully arouse the initiative of health workers.We will work hard to establish a nationwide basic medical and health care system for both urban and rural areas to begin providing universal coverage.We will focus on the following five areas starting from this year.推进医药卫生事业改革发展。要坚持公共医疗卫生的公益性质，充分调动广大医务人员的积极性。努力建成覆盖全国城乡的基本医疗卫生制度，初步实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务。从今年开始，重点抓好以下五项工作。
First, we will develop a system that ensures basic medical care.Urban residents will be covered by basic medical insurance for urban workers or basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents, and rural residents will be covered by the new type of rural cooperative medical care system.We will ensure that these programs cover over 90% of those eligible within three years.The central government will provide appropriate subsidies for retirees from closed or bankrupt state-owned enterprises in financially strained regions to get such insurance.We will continue to raise the standard for financing and increase government subsidies for basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system, appropriately expand the scope of reimbursement and raise the proportion of costs reimbursed.We will improve urban and rural medical assistance programs and improve the level of assistance.一是推进基本医疗保障制度建设。将全国城乡居民分别纳入城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗制度覆盖范围，三年内参保率均提高到９０％以上。中央财政对困难地区关闭破产国有企业退休人员参保给予适当补助。继续提高城镇居民医保和新农合筹资标准和财政补助标准，适当扩大报销范围，提高报销比例。完善城乡医疗救助制度，提高救助水平。
Second, we will establish a national system for basic drugs.This year, we will formulate and promulgate a unified national basic drugs catalog and adopt policies concerning their production, distribution, pricing, use and insurance reimbursement in order to ease the burden on patients for the cost of basic drugs.二是建立国家基本药物制度。今年要统一制定和发布国家基本药物目录，出台基本药物生产、流通、定价、使用和医保报销政策，减轻群众看病就医基本用药费用负担。
Third, we will improve the community-level medical and health service system.This year, we will complete the building of 29,000health clinics in towns and townships supported by the plan.In the coming three years, the central government will allocate funds to support the building of another 5,000 central health clinics in towns and townships, 2,000 county-level hospitals and 2,400 community health
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)service centers in urban areas.We will support the construction of health care clinics in villages in remote regions and ensure that all incorporated villages have their own health care clinics.三是健全基层医疗卫生服务体系。今年要全面完成规划支持的２．９万所乡镇卫生院建设任务。今后三年内中央财政再支持５０００所中心乡镇卫生院、２０００所县级医院和２４００所城市社区卫生服务中心建设。支持边远地区村卫生室建设，实现全国每个行政村都有卫生室。
Fourth, we will steadily promote equal access for all to basic public health services.We will expand the scope of free public health services and ensure that the per capita public health service expenditure for both urban and rural residents is not less than 15 yuan, a level that will rise gradually in the future.We will appropriate more funds to prevent and control major communicable diseases, chronic and occupational diseases, and endemics.四是促进基本公共卫生服务逐步均等化。扩大免费公共卫生服务范围，城乡居民人均公共卫生服务经费不低于１５元，以后逐步提高。增加重大传染病、慢性病和职业病、地方病防治的专项投入。
Fifth, we will carry forward pilot reforms in public hospitals with the emphasis on reforms in their management system and their operation and oversight mechanisms.We will encourage every locality to seek effective ways to separate government administration from medical practice, management from operations, medical care from drugs, and for-profit from nonprofit operations.We will gradually eliminate the practice of hospitals subsidizing their medical services with drug sales and reform the mechanism of subsidizing public hospitals.We will encourage all localities to seek ways to establish a medical service pricing mechanism based on consultations among stakeholders and establish a system whereby relevant institutions, representatives of the general public, and experts oversee and evaluate the quality of medical services.We will give full play to traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicines of ethnic minorities in disease prevention and control.Governments at all levels will allocate an additional 850 billion yuan in the next three years, including 331.8 billion yuan from the central government, to ensure smooth progress in the reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.Because this reform concerns the people's health-related rights and interests, we need to improve leadership, make plans and arrangements carefully, progress vigorously yet prudently, and effectively solve the problem of medical services being unaffordable and inadequate, in order to provide safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health care services for the people.五是推进公立医院改革试点。重点改革管理体制、运行机制和监管机制。鼓励各地探索政事分开、管办分开、医药分开、营利性和非营利性分开的有效形式。逐步取消以药补医机制，推进公立医院补偿机制改革。鼓励各地探索建立医疗服
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)务由利益相关方参与协商的定价机制，建立由有关机构、群众代表和专家参与的质量监管和评价制度。要充分发挥中医药和民族医药在防病治病中的重要作用。今后三年各级政府拟投入８５００亿元，其中中央财政投入３３１８亿元，以保证医药卫生体制改革的顺利推进。医药卫生体制改革事关人民群众的健康权益，我们要加强领导、精心设计、认真组织，积极稳妥地推进，切实解决看病贵、看病难问题，为人民群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务。
We will do our work related to population and family planning well and maintain a low birthrate.From this year on, we will introduce a policy in all rural areas to subsidize hospitalized childbirth, provide regular prenatal checkups and postpartum visits for women, and monitor the growth of infants and toddlers less than three years of age.We will intensify our efforts to prevent birth defects.We will increase the reward to rural women at or above the age of 60 who have complied with family planning regulations from 600 yuan to 720 yuan per person.We will improve services for and intensify management of the floating population and better protect the rights and interests of women and minors.We will provide routine gynecological examinations for rural women.We will support and accelerate programs benefiting people with disabilities.We will continue to intensify our work concerning the elderly.做好人口和计划生育工作，稳定低生育水平。从今年开始，在全国农村实行住院分娩补助政策，定期为孕产妇做产前检查和产后访视，为３岁以下婴幼儿做生长发育检查。加强出生缺陷预防工作。将农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助标准由人均６００元提高到７２０元。加强流动人口服务和管理。保护妇女和未成年人权益。在农村妇女中开展妇科疾病定期检查。支持残疾人事业加快发展。继续加强老龄工作。
We will vigorously develop culture and sports.Developing cultural programs and promoting cultural enrichment will help not only enrich people's cultural lives but also expand avenues of consumption.We need to vigorously develop non-profit cultural programs and accelerate improvement of the system of public cultural services.We will intensify construction of key cultural facilities as well as community-based cultural facilities in both urban and rural areas, particularly the project to extend radio and TV coverage to all villages, and the construction of multipurpose cultural centers in towns and townships and small libraries in rural areas, and we will vigorously promote cultural projects that benefit the people.We will help accelerate the development of cultural industries, improve policy support for them and foster leading cultural enterprises.We will help philosophy and the social sciences flourish, and actively develop literature, the arts, radio, TV, film, the press and publishing.We will strengthen development and management of Internet culture and effectively protect our cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage.We will reform management and operation of nonprofit cultural institutions and transform for-profit cultural agencies into enterprises.We will build more and better community-based public sports facilities, vigorously promote mass sports activities, raise the level of competitive sports and develop the sports industry.43 2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)
大力发展文化体育事业。促进文化发展和繁荣，既有利于丰富人们的精神文化生活，也可以拓展消费领域。积极发展公益性文化事业，加快完善公共文化服务体系，加强重点文化设施、城乡基层文化设施特别是广播电视“村村通”和乡镇综合文化站、农家书屋建设，努力推进文化惠民工程。支持文化产业加快发展，完善扶持政策，培育骨干文化企业。繁荣哲学社会科学，积极发展文学艺术、广播影视、新闻出版事业。加强网络文化建设和管理。做好文物和非物质文化遗产保护。推进公益性文化事业单位管理体制、运行机制改革和经营性文化单位转企改制。加强基层公共体育设施建设，大力开展群众性体育活动，提高竞技体育水平，发展体育产业。
We will strengthen the development of democracy and the legal system.We will carry out political restructuring in an active yet prudent manner and develop socialist democratic politics.We need to improve democratic institutions, enrich the forms of democracy, expand its channels, and carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law.We will improve the mechanisms of self-governance by the people at the community level and expand the scope of community-level self-governance, improve the system for community-level democratic administration and ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights and administer community-level public affairs and public programs in accordance with the law.We will increase publicity of and education in the law, intensify education about citizenship, and promote the values of socialist democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality, equity and justice.We will coordinate development of urban and rural communities and promote the healthy growth of civic organizations.We will strengthen government work concerning the law, increase transparency in government legislation, expand public participation therein, and ensure that the law is enforced in a standardized, fair and civilized manner.加强民主法制建设。积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革，发展社会主义民主政治。要健全民主制度，丰富民主形式，拓宽民主渠道，依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督。要健全基层群众自治机制，扩大基层群众自治范围，完善基层民主管理制度，保障人民群众依法直接行使民主权利、管理基层公共事务和公共事业。深入开展法制宣传教育，加强公民意识教育，树立社会主义民主法治、自由平等、公平正义理念。统筹推进城乡社区建设，促进社会组织健康发展。加强政府法制工作，提高政府立法透明度和公众参与度，做到规范、公正、文明执法。
We will strengthen public administration and maintain harmony and stability in society.We need to pay special attention to safeguarding people's legitimate rights and interests, correctly handle problems among the people, properly deal with their complaints in a timely manner, and resolutely correct all actions that harm their interests.We will improve the mechanism for mediating, handling and resolving social tensions and guide the people in expressing their concerns relating to their interests by reasonable and lawful means.We will adhere to the system whereby
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)leading cadres, especially principal ones, handle people's letters and receive people's visits in order to serve the people and resolve conflicts.We will improve the early-warning system for social stability to actively prevent and properly handle all types of mass incidents.We will launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security and maintain law and order through a full range of measures.We will be on high alert for and severely crack down on criminal offenses in accordance with the law in order to safeguard national security and social stability.加强社会管理，维护社会和谐安定。要特别重视维护群众合法权益，正确处理人民内部矛盾，及时合理解决群众反映的问题，坚决纠正各种损害群众利益的行为。健全社会矛盾纠纷调处化解机制，引导群众以理性合法的方式表达利益诉求。坚持领导干部特别是主要领导干部处理群众来信和接待群众来访制度，服务群众，化解矛盾。健全社会稳定预警机制，积极预防和妥善处置各类群体性事件。深入开展平安创建活动，加强社会治安综合治理。严密防范、依法严厉打击各类违法犯罪活动，维护国家安全和社会稳定。
7.Intensifying government self-improvement and making the government better able to manage overall economic and social development
（七）推进政府自身建设，提高驾驭经济社会发展全局的能力
Achievements were made in reforming the government and intensifying its self-improvement over the past year, but they still fall considerably short of what the people expect.The functions of government have not yet been completely transformed.Administrative efficiency needs to rise.Formalism and bureaucratism are still pronounced.Corruption remains a serious problem in some localities, departments and areas.Tremendous effort is needed to solve all these problems.We need to focus on the overall objectives of sustaining economic growth, ensuring people's well-being and maintaining stability, and intensify the work of government self-improvement.过去一年，政府自身改革和建设取得了新的成绩，但与人民的期待仍有不小差距。政府职能转变还不到位，行政效率有待提高，形式主义、官僚主义比较突出，腐败现象在一些地方、部门和领域比较严重。这些问题必须下大气力解决。要紧紧围绕保增长、保民生、保稳定这个大局，加强政府自身建设。
We will continue to run the government in accordance with the law.We will standardize government administration, ensure that our administration is based on law and reason, executed through proper procedures, highly efficient, convenient for the public, honest and trustworthy, and that authority and responsibility are united.We will thoroughly implement the Administrative Permit Law, continue to carry out reform of the administrative examination and approval system, reduce the number of items it covers, especially investment examination and approval and project approval, and ensure that enterprises make their own investment decisions.We will promote fair competition, break regional blockades and industry monopolies, and organize and
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)mobilize all social resources to promote economic growth.By ensuring that all government departments fully and properly execute their functions, we will create a favorable environment for development, and increase enterprises' confidence in investment, individuals' confidence in consumption and people's confidence in the development of the country.坚持依法行政。规范行政行为，做到合法行政、合理行政、程序正当、高效便民、诚实守信、权责统一。深入贯彻行政许可法，继续推进行政审批制度改革，减少行政许可和审批事项，特别要减少投资审批、项目核准，落实企业的投资主体地位。促进公平竞争，消除地区封锁，打破行业垄断，组织调动各种社会资源，促进经济增长。通过全面正确履行政府职能，创造良好发展环境，增强企业投资的信心，增强社会消费的信心，增强人民群众对国家发展的信心。
We will make decisions scientifically and democratically.In all decisions we make, the procedures need to be lawful and standardized, the process democratic and open, and the results scientific and equitable.In formulating and implementing major government policies and decisions, we need to conduct thorough research and studies, heed people's concerns, solicit their opinions, pool their wisdom, act in accordance with objective laws, and make our policies and decisions more foresighted, scientific and effective.We need to make government affairs more open and transparent.We will ensure the people's right to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs, and keep them informed as to what the government is thinking and doing so that we can win their thorough understanding, wide support and active participation.The government is investing a large sum of money and launching numerous new projects this year, and we will ensure they receive proper oversight.We will prohibit image projects that waste both human and financial resources and vanity projects that are divorced from reality, and will never allow any organization or individual to exploit the surge in public spending for private gain.Governments at all levels must conscientiously subject themselves to the oversight by the people's congresses and the democratic oversight by the CPPCC committees at their corresponding levels.We will tighten professional oversight by supervision and auditing departments, and attach great importance to oversight by the public and the news media.We will strive to make sure that oversight takes place wherever administrative power is exercised and that government funds will be audited wherever they are used.实行科学民主决策。各项决策都要做到程序依法规范、过程民主公开、结果科学公正。政府重大决策的形成和执行都要加强调查研究，做到察民情、听民意、聚民智，尊重客观规律，提高决策的预见性、科学性和有效性。要推进政务公开，增加透明度，保障人民群众的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权，让人民群众知道政府在想什么、做什么，赢得人民群众的充分理解、广泛支持和积极参与。今年政府投资力度大、新上项目多，要确保监管到位，绝不能搞劳民伤财的“形象工程”和脱离实际的“政绩工程”，绝不允许利用扩大公共投资为单位和个人谋取私利。各级政府都要自觉接受人大监督和政协民主监督，强化监察、审计等专门
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)监督，高度重视人民群众监督和新闻舆论监督，做到行政权力运行到哪里，监督就落实到哪里，财政资金运用到哪里，审计就跟进到哪里。
We will earnestly improve our conduct.Governments at all levels need to resolutely implement the policy decisions and arrangements of the central leadership, stay firmly grounded in reality, and work creatively to ensure all policies are carried out fully and effectively.Leading cadres need to conduct thorough research and studies to promptly discover and resolve problems, maintain close contact with the people, show concern for their sufferings, listen to their opinions, and help them solve their problems.Government employees need to always maintain high morale, embody a vigorous spirit and work with the people to meet challenges head on, break new ground through hard work and tide over bad times together.切实转变工作作风。各级政府要坚定地贯彻中央的决策部署，紧密结合实际，创造性地开展工作，使中央的各项政策落到实处，收到实效。领导干部要深入调查研究，及时发现问题，解决问题；密切联系群众，关心群众疾苦，倾听群众呼声，为群众排忧解难。政府工作人员要始终保持昂扬向上、奋发有为的精神状态，和广大人民群众一道知难而进，开拓进取，艰苦奋斗，共克时艰。
We will strengthen our efforts to promote clean government and combat corruption.We will focus on standardizing institutions and limiting the exercise of power, and prevent and punish corruption at its source in areas and links prone to corruption.We will resolutely investigate and prosecute corruption cases and punish corruptionists in accordance with the law.We must discharge our duties with great diligence and, through our actions and achievements, build a government that is for the people and is pragmatic, clean and efficient to satisfy people's needs and win their trust.加强廉政建设和反腐败工作。以规范制度和制约权力为核心，针对腐败现象易发多发的领域和环节，从源头上防治腐败。坚决查处腐败案件，依法惩处腐败分子。我们一定要勤勉尽责，以实际行动和工作业绩，建设为民、务实、廉洁、高效的政府，让人民放心，让人民满意。
Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！
Promoting unity among all ethnic groups and achieving common development and prosperity serves the fundamental interests of the people of all our ethnic groups.We will fully implement the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and ensure that the policies and measures of the central government supporting economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas are effectively implemented.We will continue to increase support to ethnic groups with small populations.We will expand coverage of the “bring prosperity to border areas and residents” campaign to all border counties and the Xinjiang Production and
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)Construction Corps' regimental pastures and farms in border areas.We will support more rapid development of pastoral areas and ethnic minority mountain regions.We will unswervingly uphold national unity and further develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony.促进各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展，是各族人民的根本利益所在。要全面贯彻民族区域自治法，确保中央支持少数民族和民族地区经济社会发展的政策措施落到实处。继续加大对人口较少民族的扶持力度。推进兴边富民行动覆盖所有边境县和新疆生产建设兵团边境团场。支持牧区和少数民族聚居山区加快发展。坚定不移地维护民族团结，进一步构建平等、团结、互助、和谐的社会主义民族关系。
We will fully implement the Party's basic principles on work related to religions and enable religious figures and people with religious belief to play a positive role in promoting economic and social development.全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针，发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济社会发展中的积极作用。
We will diligently implement the Party's policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and support overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese and their relatives in showing concern for and participating in the modernization and peaceful reunification of the motherland.认真贯彻党的侨务政策，支持海外侨胞、归侨侨眷关心和参与祖国现代化建设与和平统一大业。
Last year significant progress was made in the modernization of national defense and the army.The People's Liberation Army played an important role in safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, supporting its modernization drive, and completing urgent, difficult, dangerous and daunting tasks.In the coming year, we need to make our army more revolutionary, modern and standardized, focusing on enabling it to fully carry out its historic missions in the new stage and in the new century.We will strengthen ideological and political work in the army.We will effectively transform our military training based on mechanized warfare to military training for warfare under conditions of greater IT application, and continue to enhance the army's ability to respond to multiple security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks.We will modernize weapons, equipment and logistics support across the board.We will improve defense-related research, the weapons and equipment production system, the military personnel training system, and the army's logistics support system that integrate civilian with military purposes and combine military efforts with civilian support.We will actively and steadily carry out reform of the army to inject more vigor and vitality into army building.We will intensify the improvement of the People's Armed Police Force to make it better able to carry out its
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)duties, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will strengthen defense mobilization and reserve forces.We will strengthen and develop unity between the army and the government and between the army and the people.过去的一年，国防和军队现代化建设取得重要进展。人民解放军为维护国家主权、安全和领土完整，支持国家现代化建设，完成急难险重任务，发挥了重要作用。在新的一年，要着眼全面履行新世纪新阶段军队历史使命，推进军队革命化、现代化、正规化建设。大力加强军队思想政治工作。扎实推进机械化条件下军事训练向信息化条件下军事训练转变，不断提高应对多种安全威胁、完成多样化军事任务的能力。全面提高武器装备和后勤保障的现代化水平。完善军民结合、寓军于民的国防科研和武器装备生产体系、军队人才培养体系和军队保障体系。积极稳妥地推进军队改革，增强军队建设的生机与活力。加强人民武装警察部队建设，增强执勤、处置突发事件、反恐、维稳能力。加强国防动员和后备力量建设。巩固发展军政军民团结。
Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！
We will unswervingly adhere to the principle of “one country, two systems” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and fully support the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions in actively responding to the global financial crisis and maintaining their prosperity and stability.We will increase cooperation between the mainland and the two regions, consolidate Hong Kong's position as an international financial center and promote an appropriate level of diversity in Macao's economy.We will accelerate the pilot program for the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao to use RMB as the settlement currency for trade in goods.We will constantly deepen and expand cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.We will accelerate construction of infrastructure such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Airport Rail Link and the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link.We will give Hong Kong and Macao greater access to the mainland's service sector.We will adopt effective measures to support development of Hong Kong-and Macao-funded enterprises on the mainland, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, and help ease their difficulties.The great motherland will always provide strong backing to Hong Kong and Macao.We firmly believe that our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao will surmount their current difficulties and create an even brighter future.我们将坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，全力支持香港、澳门两个特别行政区积极应对国际金融危机，保持繁荣稳定。进一步加强内地与港澳的合作，巩固香港国际金融中心地位，促进澳门经济适度多元发展。加快推进与港澳地区货物贸易的人民币结算试点。不断拓展粤港澳三地合作的深度和广度。加快推动港珠澳大桥、港深机场铁路、广深港高速铁路等基础设施建设。扩大内地服务业对港澳的开放。采取有效措施支持港澳在内
2009年政府工作报告(中英文对照)地企业特别是中小企业发展，缓解经营困难。伟大祖国永远是香港、澳门的坚强后盾。我们坚信，香港、澳门同胞一定能够克服面临的困难，开创更加美好的明天！
Last year important progress was made in our Taiwan-related work.Positive changes occurred in the situation in Taiwan, and major breakthroughs were made in cross-Straits relations.Consultations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits were resumed on the basis of the 1992 Consensus, and complete, direct and two-way mail, transport and trade links were established.The two sides enjoyed more frequent people-to-people exchanges, closer economic ties, more active cultural exchanges and broader common interests.Cross-Straits relations have embarked on the track of peaceful development.In the coming year, we will continue to adhere to the principle of developing cross-Straits relations and promoting peaceful reunification of the motherland.We will remain committed to the goal of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and work actively to build a framework for and strive to achieve new progress in the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.We will continue to comprehensively strengthen cross-Straits economic cooperation to jointly respond to the global financial crisis.We will actively promote financial cooperation across the Straits, support the development of Taiwan-funded enterprises on the mainland, provide financing services for qualified ones, and encourage their independent innovation, transformation and upgrading.We will strengthen two-way investment and industrial cooperation and expand and deepen agricultural cooperation between the two sides.We will support economic development on the west coast of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.We will accelerate normalization of cross-Straits economic relations and facilitate the signing of a comprehensive agreement on economic cooperation, and gradually establish economic cooperation mechanisms tailored to both sides of the Straits.We will increase contacts between individuals, expand exchanges among all sectors of society, vigorously promote Chinese culture and consolidate the common cultural bonds between the two sides.We will work on the basis of the one-China principle to enhance mutual political trust between the two sides.Based on this, we are ready to make fair and reasonable arrangements through consultation on the issue of Taiwan's participation in the activities of international organizations.We are also ready to hold talks on cross-Straits political and military issues and create conditions for ending the state of hostility and concluding a peace agreement between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.We are convinced that, with the concerted efforts of the people on both sides of the Straits, we will achieve complete reunification of the motherland and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.过去的一年，对台工作取得重要进展，台湾局势发生积极变化，两岸关系取得重大突破。两岸协商在“九二共识”基础上得到恢复，全面直接双向“三通”已经实现。两岸同胞往来更频繁、经济联系更密切、文化交流更活跃、共同利益更广泛，两岸关系开始步入和平发展轨道。新的一年里，我们要继续坚持发展两岸关系、促进祖国和平统一的大政方针，牢牢把握两岸关系和平发展的主题，积极构
第二篇：2016政府工作报告中英文对照
政府工作报告
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT
——2016年3月5日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第四次会议上
Delivered at the Fourth Session of the 12th National People's Congress of
the People's Republic of China on March 5, 2016
国务院总理李克强
Li Keqiang Premier of the State Council
各位代表：
现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
Esteemed Deputies，On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I invite comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、2015年工作回顾
Let me start with a review of the work we did in 2015.过去一年，我国发展面临多重困难和严峻挑战。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国各族人民以坚定的信心和非凡的勇气，攻坚克难，开拓进取，经济社会发展稳中有进、稳中有好，完成了全年主要目标任务，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。
In the past year, China has encountered many difficulties and challenges in its development.However, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, and with confidence and courage, all the people of China have worked to overcome obstacles and have pressed ahead with a pioneering spirit.As a result, progress has been achieved and stability ensured in economic and social development, the main tasks and targets for the year have been fulfilled, and major achievements have been made in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.——经济运行保持在合理区间。国内生产总值达到67.7万亿元，增长6.9%，在世界主要经济体中位居前列。粮食产量实现“十二连增”，居民消费价格涨幅保持较低水平。特别是就业形势总体稳定，城镇新增就业1312万人，超过全年预期目标，成为经济运行的一大亮点
--The economy operated within an appropriate range.GDP reached 67.7 trillion yuan, representing an increase of 6.9% over the previous year-a growth rate faster than that of most other major economies.Food crop production increased for the 12th year in a row.Consumer prices grew slowly.Of particular note, the employment situation overall remained stable, with 13.12 million new urban jobs created over the course of the year, surpassing the year's target and becoming an economic highlight.——结构调整取得积极进展。服务业在国内生产总值中的比重上升到50.5%，首次占据“半壁江山”。消费对经济增长的贡献率达到66.4%。高技术产业和装备制造业增速快于一般工业。单位国内生产总值能耗下降5.6%。
--Encouraging progress was made in structural adjustment.The service sector as a proportion of GDP rose to 50.5%, accounting for more than half for the first time.The contribution of consumption toward economic growth reached 66.4%.High-tech industries and equipment manufacturing grew faster than other industries.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 5.6%.——发展新动能加快成长。创新驱动发展战略持续推进，互联网与各行业加速融合，新兴产业快速增长。大众创业、万众创新蓬勃发展，全年新登记注册企业增长21.6%，平均每天新增1.2万户。新动能对稳就业、促升级发挥了突出作用，正在推动经济社会发生深刻变革。
--New driving forces for development grew rapidly.Further progress was made in implementing the strategy of innovation-driven development,the penetration of the Internet into all industries picked up pace, and emerging industries grew rapidly.Business startups and innovations by the general public flourished, with the number of newly registered businesses rising by 21.6% in 2015, or an average of 12,000 new businesses per day.New driving forces played a major role in keeping employment stable and pushing ahead industry upgrading, and are now driving profound economic and social change in China.——人民生活进一步改善。全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长7.4%，快于经济增速。去年末居民储蓄存款余额增长8.5%，新增4万多亿元。又解决6434万农村人口饮水安全问题。扶贫攻坚力度加大，农村贫困人口减少1442万人。
--Living standards improved.Personal per capita disposable income increased by 7.4% in real terms, overtaking the growth rate of the economy.By the end of last year, personal savings deposits had risen by 8.5%, an increase of more than four trillion yuan.In rural areas, another 64.34 million people gained access to safe drinking water and greater alleviation efforts reduced the number of people living in poverty by 14.42 million.科技领域一批创新成果达到国际先进水平，第三代核电技术取得重大进展，国产C919大型客机总装下线，屠呦呦获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。对我国发展取得的成就，全国各族人民倍感振奋和自豪！
A number of world-class innovations were made in science and technology.Major headway was made in the development of 3G nuclear power technology, China's self-developed C919 large jetliner rolled off the assembly line, and TuYouyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.回顾过去一年，成绩来之不易。
These achievements in China's development, a source of pride and motivation for our people, did not come easily.这些成绩，是在极为复杂严峻的国际环境中取得的。去年世界经济增速为6年来最低，国际贸易增速更低，大宗商品价格深度下跌，国际金融市场震荡加剧，对我国经济造成直接冲击和影响。
They were made in the context of an extremely complicated and challenging international environment.In 2015, world economic growth fell to its lowest rate in six years, growth in international trade slowed, commodity prices plummeted, and there was growing volatility in the global financial market.All this had a direct impact on China's economy.这些成绩，是在国内深层次矛盾凸显、经济下行压力加大的情况下取得的。面对“三期叠加”的局面，经济工作遇到不少两难甚至多难问题，需要远近结合，趋利避害，有效应对。
They were made at the same time as deep-seated domestic problems were becoming prominent and downward pressure on the economy was mounting.While dealing with the slowdown in economic growth, making difficult structural adjustments, and absorbing the effects of previous economic stimulus policies, China was also confronted with many difficult problems and choices in the running of the economy, and this called for effective responses based on the need both to combine long-term and short-term considerations and to seek benefit and avoid harm.这些成绩，是在我国经济总量超过60万亿元的高基数上取得的。现在国内生产总值每增长1个百分点的增量，相当于5年前1.5个百分点、10年前2.5个百分点的增量。经济规模越大，增长难度随之增加。
Finally, they were made at a time when China's economic output had exceeded 60 trillion yuan.Every percentage point of GDP growth today is equivalent to 1.5 percentage points of growth five years ago or 2.5 percentage points of growth ten years ago.The larger the economy grows, the greater the difficulty of achieving growth.在困难和压力面前，全国各族人民付出了极大辛劳，一步一步走了过来。这再次表明，任何艰难险阻都挡不住中国发展前行的步伐！
In the face of these difficulties and pressures, all our people have truly exerted themselves and progressed step by step to get us where we are today.This once again demonstrates that no difficulty or hardship will ever stop China from moving forward.一年来，我们主要做了以下工作：
I will now move on to discuss the main work we did last year:
一是着力稳增长调结构防风险，创新宏观调控方式。
First, we maintained stable growth, made structural adjustments, guarded against risks, and developed new ways of conducting macro regulation.为应对持续加大的经济下行压力，我们在区间调控基础上，实施定向调控和相机调控。积极的财政政策注重加力增效，扩大结构性减税范围，实行普遍性降费，盘活财政存量资金。发行地方政府债券置换存量债务3.2万亿元，降低利息负担约2000亿元，减轻了地方政府偿债压力。稳健的货币政策注重松紧适度，多次降息降准，改革存贷比管理，创新货币政策工具，加大对实体经济支持力度。扩大有效投资，设立专项基金，加强水利、城镇棚户区和农村危房改造、中西部铁路和公路等薄弱环节建设。实施重点领域消费促进工程，城乡居民旅游、网购、信息消费等快速增长。去年还积极应对股市、汇市异常波动等金融领域的多种风险挑战，守住了不发生系统性区域性风险的底线，维护了国家经济金融安全。
In responding to the mounting downward pressure on the economy, we exercised targeted and well-timed regulation on the basis of range-based regulation.We adopted proactive fiscal policy that focused on increasing intensity and efficacy by expanding the scope of structural tax reductions, reducing fees across the board, and putting dormant budgetary funds to good use.Local government bonds issued to replace outstanding debt reached 3.2 trillion yuan, lessening the interest payment burden of local governments by approximately 200 billion yuan while also reducing their debt repayment pressure.We pursued prudent monetary policy with an appropriate amount of intensity, making several cuts to interest rates and required reserve ratios, reforming management of the loan-to-deposit ratio, creating new monetary policy tools, and increasing support for the real economy.Effective investment increased, special-purpose funds were established, and development was strengthened in areas in need of attention, including water conservancy, rundown urban areas and dilapidated rural housing, and railways and highways in the central and western regions.Consumer spending was promoted in key areas, spurring rapid growth in spending on recreational travel, online shopping, and information goods and services.In 2015, we also responded proactively to a variety of risks and challenges in the financial sector, such as unusual fluctuations in the stock market and the foreign exchange market, ensuring that no systemic or regional threats arose, thus safeguarding China's economic and financial security.二是围绕激发市场活力，加大改革开放力度。我们不搞“大水漫灌”式的强刺激，而是持续推动结构性改革。深入推进简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革。取消和下放311项行政审批事项，取消123项职业资格许可和认定事项，彻底终结了非行政许可审批。工商登记前置审批精简85%，全面实施三证合一、一照一码。加强事中事后监管，优化公共服务流程。群众和企业办事更加方便，全社会创业创新热情日益高涨。
Second, we intensified reform and opening up to invigorate the market.Rather than adopting strong stimulus policies that would have an economy-wide impact, we continued to move forward with structural reform.We intensified reform to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improve regulation, and provide better services.We delegated the power or cancelled the requirement for government review for 311 items, cancelled the requirement for verification or approval for 123 professional qualifications, and put a complete stop to the practice of non-administrative review.The number of items which require government approval for new businesses prior to registration was cut by 85%, and the system of a separate business license, organization code certificate, and taxation registration certificate was replaced by a unified business license with a unified social credit code.Both operational and post-operational oversight over businesses were strengthened, and public service procedures were improved.Government-related procedures for individuals and businesses were made much simpler, such that enthusiasm for stepping out into business and making innovations is rising by the day.财税金融等重点改革深入推进。中央对地方专项转移支付项目减少三分之一，一般性转移支付规模增加。营改增稳步实施，资源税从价计征范围扩大。取消存款利率浮动上限，推出存款保险制度，建立人民币跨境支付系统。价格改革力度加大，中央政府定价项目减少80%，地方政府定价项目减少一半以上。国有企业、农村、投融资、生态文明等领域改革有序推进，全面深化改革的成效正在显现。
Fiscal, tax, financial, and other key reforms were deepened.The central government cut, by one third, the number of items for which special transfer payments are permitted, while scaling up its general transfer payments.Steady progress was made in replacing business tax with VAT.Ad valorem taxation was extended to cover more types of resource taxes.The upper limit of the floating band on deposit rates was removed, the deposit insurance system was introduced, and the RMB cross-border payment system was established.Pricing reform was intensified, with the number of central government set prices reduced by 80% and the number of local government set prices cut by more than 50%.We carried out state-owned enterprise(SOE)reforms, rural reforms, and investment and financing reforms, ecological management reforms, and others.Efforts to intensify reform in all respects are beginning to deliver results.坚持以开放促改革促发展。努力稳定对外贸易，调整出口退税负担机制，清理规范进出口环节收费，提高贸易便利化水平，出口结构发生积极变化。外商投资限制性条目减少一半，95%以上实行备案管理，实际使用外资1263亿美元，增长5.6%。非金融类对外直接投资1180亿美元，增长14.7%。推广上海自贸试验区经验，新设广东、天津、福建自贸试验区。人民币加入国际货币基金组织特别提款权货币篮子。亚洲基础设施投资银行正式成立，丝路基金投入运营。签署中韩、中澳自贸协定和中国－东盟自贸区升级议定书。“一带一路”建设成效显现，国际产能合作步伐加快，高铁、核电等中国装备走出去取得突破性进展。
Momentum was created for reform and development through opening up.We worked hard to keep foreign trade stable by adjusting the mechanism for sharing the cost of export tax rebates between the central and local governments, overhauling and regulating charges for imports and exports, increasing trade facilitation, and making changes to the export mix.The number of restrictions on overseas investment in China was cut by 50%, and over 95% of overseas-funded projects may now be undertaken on a simple reporting basis.China utilized US$126.3 billion of overseas investment, an increase of 5.6%.Non-financial outward foreign direct investment reached $118 billion, up 14.7%.Pilot free trade zones were established in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian based on the model of the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone.The RMB was included in the IMF's Special Drawing Rights basket.The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was officially inaugurated, and the Silk Road Fund opened for business.China signed free trade agreements with the Republic of Korea and Australia, respectively,and signed the Protocol to Amend the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between China and ASEAN.Progress was made in the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative(the Belt and Road Initiative), the pace of our industrial-capacity cooperation with other countries was stepped up, and breakthroughs were made in China's export of high-speed railway and nuclear power equipment.三是聚焦提质增效，推动产业创新升级。
Third, we worked to promote industrial innovation and upgrading to improve economic performance.制定实施创新驱动发展战略纲要和意见，出台推动大众创业、万众创新政策举措，落实“互联网+”行动计划，增强经济发展新动力。一大批创客走上创业创新之路。完善农业支持政策，促进农业发展方式加快转变。针对工业增速下降、企业效益下滑，我们一手抓新兴产业培育，一手抓传统产业改造提升。启动实施《中国制造2025》，设立国家新兴产业创业投资引导基金、中小企业发展基金，扩大国家自主创新示范区。积极化解过剩产能，推进企业兼并重组。近三年淘汰落后炼钢炼铁产能9000多万吨、水泥2.3亿吨、平板玻璃7600多万重量箱、电解铝100多万吨。促进生产性、生活性服务业加快发展。狠抓节能减排和环境保护，各项约束性指标超额完成。公布自主减排行动目标，推动国际气候变化谈判取得积极成果。
To strengthen the new growth engines, an innovation-driven development plan was adopted along with guidelines on its implementation, policies and measures were introduced to encourage public participation in starting businesses and making innovations, and the Internet Plus action plan was implemented.A great number of makers started businesses and made innovations.Improvements were made to policies in support of agriculture to promote transformation of the agricultural growth model.In addressing the decline in industrial growth and the downward slide incorporate performance, we worked to foster new industries and upgrade traditional ones.We launched the Made in China 2025 initiative to upgrade manufacturing, set up government funds to encourage investment in emerging industries and to develop small and medium-sized enterprises, and established more national innovation demonstration zones.We cut overcapacity and encouraged business acquisitions and restructuring.Cuts made in outdated production capacity over the past three years have included over 90 million metric tons of steel and iron, 230 million metric tons of cement, over 76 million weight cases of plate glass, and more than one million metric tons of electrolytic aluminum.The development of production-and consumer-oriented service industries picked up momentum.We took serious measures to conserve energy, reduce emissions, and protect the environment, exceeding obligatory targets.We released self-imposed emissions reduction targets and contributed to the positive outcomes of international negotiations on climate change.四是着眼开拓发展空间，促进区域协调发展和新型城镇化。
Fourth, we promoted coordinated development between regions and the new type of urbanization to expand development space.继续推动东、中、西、东北地区“四大板块”协调发展，重点推进“一带一路”建设、京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展“三大战略”，在基础设施、产业布局、生态环保等方面实施一批重大工程。制定实施促进西藏和四省藏区、新疆发展的政策措施。推进户籍制度改革，出台居住证制度，加强城镇基础设施建设，新型城镇化取得新成效。
Work continued to promote the coordinated development of the eastern region, the central region, the western region, and the northeast;priority was placed on moving forward with the Three Initiatives-the Belt and Road Initiative, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration initiative, and the Yangtze Economic Belt initiative.A number of major projects were also launched to develop infrastructure, improve the distribution of industries, and achieve ecological and environmental conservation.Policies and measures were introduced to promote the development of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Tibetan ethnic areas in the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai.We pressed ahead with the reform of the household registration system, adopted a residence certification system, and stepped up the development of urban infrastructure, making progress in developing new urbanization.五是紧扣增进民生福祉，推动社会事业改革发展。
Fifth, we promoted the reform and development of social programs to improve living standards.在财力紧张情况下，保障民生力度继续加大。推出新的政策，重点解决高校毕业生和就业困难群体的就业创业问题。城镇保障性安居工程住房基本建成772万套，棚户区住房改造开工601万套，农村危房改造432万户，一大批住房困难家庭圆了安居梦。加快改善贫困地区义务教育薄弱学校办学条件，深化中小学教师职称制度改革，重点高校招收贫困地区农村学生人数又增长10.5%。全面推开县级公立医院综合改革，拓展居民大病保险，建立重特大疾病医疗救助制度、困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴制度。提高低保、优抚、企业退休人员基本养老金等标准，推行机关事业单位养老保险制度改革并完善工资制度。加强基本公共文化服务建设。广大人民群众有了更多获得感。
Despite fiscal constraints, we continued to intensify efforts to help ensure the wellbeing of our people.New policies were launched to create jobs and business startup opportunities for college graduates and those with difficulties finding employment.Over the course of the year, 7.72 million government-subsidized housing units were basically completed in urban areas, work started on the reconstruction of 6.01 million housing units in rundown urban areas, and 4.32 million dilapidated houses in rural areas were rebuilt, helping large numbers of families that are struggling with housing realize their dream of having a home to settle in.We moved more quickly to improve conditions in badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education in poor areas, deepened the reform of the professional title system for elementary and secondary school teachers, and increased the number of students from poor rural areas who were enrolled in key institutions of higher learning by a further 10.5%.Comprehensive reform was carried out in all public hospitals at the county level, the coverage of the serious disease insurance scheme was extended to more rural and non-working urban residents, a system of assistance for treating major and serious diseases was put in place, and a system for providing living allowances for people with disabilities who are in need and for granting nursing care subsidies to persons with severe disabilities was established.We increased subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, and basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees, implemented the reform of the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions, and improved their wage system.Efforts to develop basic public cultural services were also intensified.All of this has resulted in a stronger sense of benefit in society.六是促进社会和谐稳定，推动依法行政和治理方式创新。
Sixth, we developed new ways of conducting law-based administration and governance to promote social harmony and stability.国务院提请全国人大常委会审议法律议案11件，制定修订行政法规8部。政务公开加快推进，推广电子政务和网上办事。建立重大政策落实督查问责机制，开展第三方评估。有效应对自然灾害和突发事件。加强安全生产监管，事故总量和重特大事故、重点行业事故数量继续下降。推进食品安全创建示范行动。强化社会治安综合治理，依法打击各类违法犯罪活动，有力维护了公共安全。
The State Council submitted 11 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and enacted or revised eight sets of administrative regulations.Efforts were accelerated to increase government transparency and expand the application of e-government and online administration.We set up a mechanism to inspect and establish accountability for the implementation of major government policies and introduced third-party evaluations.We responded effectively to natural disasters and emergencies.Efforts were stepped up to ensure workplace safety;as a result, we have seen a continued reduction in the number of total accidents, including the number of accidents of a serious or large-scale nature as well as those in industries where accidents tend to be more common.We moved ahead with the demonstration initiative to ensure food safety.We strengthened all-round efforts to maintain law and order and cracked down on crimes in accordance with the law to safeguard public security.我们深入开展“三严三实”专题教育，锲而不舍落实党中央八项规定精神，坚决纠正“四风”，严格执行国务院“约法三章”。加强行政监察和审计监督。大力推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争，一批腐败分子受到惩处。
The campaign to build understanding of the Three Stricts and Three Honests* was intensified, the CPC Central Committee's eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct continued to be implemented, action was taken against formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, and rigorous efforts were made to carry out the State Council's three-point decision on curbing government spending.Administrative supervision and oversight through auditing were strengthened.We stepped up efforts to improve Party conduct and government integrity and fight corruption, and brought a number of offenders to justice.我们隆重纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年，集中宣示了我国作为世界反法西斯战争东方主战场的历史地位和重大贡献，彰显了中国人民同各国人民共护和平、共守正义的坚定信念！
We marked the 70th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Global War against Fascism.This anniversary was a reminder of China's place in history as the main theater in the East during the Global War against Fascism and its major contribution to the war effort.The Chinese people marked this occasion to demonstrate their dedication to safeguarding peace and upholding justice together with other peoples.一年来，全方位外交成果丰硕。习近平主席等国家领导人出访多国，出席联合国系列峰会、二十国集团领导人峰会、亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议、气候变化大会、东亚合作领导人系列会议、世界经济论坛等重大活动。成功举行中非合作论坛峰会、中欧领导人会晤，启动中拉论坛。同主要大国关系取得新进展，同周边国家务实合作深入推进，同发展中国家友好合作不断拓展，同联合国等国际组织和国际机制的关系全面加强，经济外交、人文交流卓有成效。中国作为负责任大国，在国际和地区事务中发挥了重要的建设性作用。
Over the past year, China's all-round diplomacy has delivered fruitful outcomes.President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders have visited many countries and attended international events including the United Nations summits, the G20 Leaders Summit, the 23rd APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the 21st Session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the East Asian leaders' meetings on cooperation, and the World Economic Forum annual meeting 2016.The Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and the China-EU Leaders' Meeting were held, and the China and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States(CELAC)Forum was inaugurated.Fresh progress was made in China's relations with other major countries;pragmatic cooperation with neighboring countries was strengthened;friendship and cooperation with other developing countries grew;relations with the United Nations and other international organizations and mechanisms were strengthened in all areas;and notable achievements were made in economic diplomacy and cultural exchanges.As a responsible major country, China played an important constructive role in international and regional affairs.各位代表！
过去一年取得的成绩，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央统揽全局、科学决策的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民齐心协力、顽强拼搏的结果。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设事业的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚感谢！
We owe these achievements to the sound overall decisions made by the CPC Central Committee headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, and to the concerted and determined efforts of all members of the Party, all members of the armed forces, and all the people of China.On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express our sincere gratitude to the people of all ethnic groups in China including public figures from all sectors of society and to the other parties and the people's organizations.I express our heartfelt appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, and to Chinese nationals overseas.I also wish to express our sincere thanks to the governments, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in her endeavor to modernize.在充分肯定去年成绩的同时，我们也清醒看到，我国发展中还存在不少困难和问题。受全球贸易萎缩等因素影响，去年我国进出口总额出现下降，预期增长目标未能实现。投资增长乏力，一些行业产能过剩严重，部分企业生产经营困难，地区和行业走势分化，财政收支矛盾突出，资本市场基础性制度还不完善，金融等领域存在风险隐患。人民群众关心的医疗、教育、养老、食品药品安全、收入分配、城市管理等方面问题较多，环境污染形势仍很严峻，严重雾霾天气在一些地区时有发生。特别令人痛心的是，去年发生了“东方之星”号客轮翻沉事件和天津港特别重大火灾爆炸等事故，人员伤亡和财产损失惨重，教训极其深刻，必须认真汲取。政府工作还存在不足，有些改革和政策措施落实不到位，少数干部不作为、不会为、乱作为，一些领域的不正之风和腐败问题不容忽视。我们要进一步增强忧患意识和担当意识，下更大力气解决这些问题，始终以民之所望为施政所向，尽心竭力做好政府工作，决不辜负人民重托。
While recognizing our achievements, we are also keenly aware that our country is still confronted with many difficulties and problems in pursuing development.With the decline in global trade, amongst other factors, China experienced a fall in its total imports and exports and failed to reach its growth objective in this regard.Growth in investment is sluggish, overcapacity is a serious problem in certain industries, some enterprises are facing difficulties in production and operations, growth prospects are mixed for different regions and different industries, notable imbalances exist between government revenue and expenditures, the basic institutions for the capital market still need to be improved, and there are latent risks in the financial and other sectors.There are many problems in medical care, education, elderly care, food and medicine safety, income distribution, and urban management that are of concern to the people.The situation remains grave when it comes to environmental pollution, and some regions are frequently hit by severe smog.Particularly distressing, last year saw the sinking of the cruise ship Oriental Star on the Yangtze and the massive explosion in Tianjin Port.The deaths and injuries and the damage and loss of property from these incidents were devastating, and the profound lessons these incidents have taught us should never be forgotten.There are still inadequacies in the work of the government.Some reforms, policies, and measures have not been fully implemented;a small number of government employees either do not or are unable to fulfill their duties, or behave irresponsibly;and the corruption and misconduct in some sectors cannot be ignored.We must be more mindful of the difficulties ahead, more ready to assume responsibility, and more hardworking in ensuring these problems are solved.The wishes of the people should always determine the aim of our governance;we must do our utmost to deliver a strong performance in our work and never fail to live up to the great trust the people have placed in us.各位代表！
2015年是“十二五”收官之年。过去五年，我国发展成就举世瞩目。党的十八大以来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，面对错综复杂的国际环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，我们继续坚持稳中求进工作总基调，深化改革开放，实施一系列利当前、惠长远的重大举措，“十二五”规划确定的主要目标任务全面完成。
Esteemed Deputies，The period covered by the 12th Five-Year Plan came to a close in 2015.During the past five years, impressive achievements were made in China's development.Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, we have found ourselves in a complicated international environment, and we have faced the challenging tasks of carrying out reform and development and maintaining stability at home.However, under the guidance of the CPC Central Committee headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, we have continued our commitment to the general principle of making progress while working to keep performance stable, deepened reform and opening up, and adopted a series of major measures that should deliver both immediate and long-term benefits.As a result, we successfully fulfilled all the main tasks and targets set out in the 12th Five-Year Plan.一是经济持续较快发展。国内生产总值年均增长7.8%，经济总量稳居世界第二位，成为全球第一货物贸易大国和主要对外投资大国。
First, a high rate of economic development was maintained.During this period, China's GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7.8%.This growth enabled China to comfortably maintain its position as the world's second-largest economy, and become the largest trading nation in terms of goods as well as a major outbound investor.二是结构调整取得标志性进展。服务业成为第一大产业，工业化与信息化融合加深，农业综合生产能力明显增强。消费成为支撑经济增长的主要力量。超过一半人口居住在城镇。单位国内生产总值能耗下降18.2%，主要污染物排放量减少12%以上。
Second, milestone progress was achieved in structural adjustments.Service industries have grown to be the largest economic sector, information technology has been further integrated into industrialization, and overall agricultural production capacity has notably improved.Consumption has become a major driver of growth.Over half of China's population now resides in urban areas.Energy consumption per unit of GDP has dropped by 18.2%, and the emissions of major pollutants have been cut by over 12%.Note:
* To be strict with oneself in practicing self-cultivation, using power, and exercising self-discipline;and to be honest in one's thinking, one's work, and one's behavior.三是基础设施水平全面跃升。铁路营业里程达到12.1万公里，其中高速铁路超过1.9万公里，占世界60%以上。高速公路通车里程超过12万公里。南水北调东、中线工程通水。建成全球最大的第四代移动通信网络。
Third, across-the-board improvements were made in infrastructure.The length of railways in service reached 121,000 kilometers, of which more than 19,000 kilometers are high-speed rail lines-more than 60% of the world's total.The length of expressways open to traffic exceeded 120,000 kilometers, the eastern and middle routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project were put into operation, and the world's largest 4G mobile network was built in China.四是科技创新实现重大突破。量子通信、中微子振荡、高温铁基超导等基础研究取得一批原创性成果，载人航天、探月工程、深海探测等项目达到世界先进水平。
Fourth, significant breakthroughs were made in scientific and technological innovation.Original achievements were made in quantum communications, neutrino oscillation, and iron-based high-temperature superconductivity through basic research.World-class advances were made in manned spaceflight, the lunar exploration program, and deep-water exploration.五是人民生活水平显著提高。居民收入增长快于经济增长，城乡收入差距持续缩小。城镇新增就业人数超过6400万人。城镇保障性安居工程住房建设4013万套，上亿群众喜迁新居。农村贫困人口减少1亿多，解决3亿多农村人口饮水安全问题。
Fifth, living standards improved significantly.Personal income increased faster than economic growth, and the urban-rural income gap was narrowed.Over 64 million urban jobs were created.Government subsidies were used to build 40.13 million housing units in urban areas, providing new homes for around 100 million people.The number of rural residents living in poverty was cut by more than 100 million, and over 300 million rural residents gained access to safe drinking water.六是社会发展成就斐然。教育公平和质量明显提升。基本医疗保险实现全覆盖，基本养老保险参保率超过80%。文化软实力持续提升。依法治国全面推进。中国特色军事变革成就显著。经过五年努力，我国经济实力、科技实力、国防实力、国际影响力又上了一个大台阶。
Sixth, notable achievements were made in social development.Significant progress was made in ensuring equal access to education, and the quality of education markedly improved.Basic health insurance was expanded to achieve complete coverage, and participation in basic pension plans exceeded 80% of the whole population.China's soft power continued to grow.The rule of law was advanced in all respects.Significant achievements were made in the military revolution with Chinese characteristics.Over the past five years, China's economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, defense capabilities, and international influence have all been strengthened considerably.“十二五”时期的辉煌成就，充分显示了中国特色社会主义的巨大优越性，集中展现了中国人民的无穷创造力，极大增强了中华民族的自信心和凝聚力，必将激励全国各族人民在实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标的新征程上奋力前行！
The achievements attained during the period of the 12th Five-Year Plan fully demonstrate the strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the creativity of the Chinese people.The Chinese people can derive great confidence and a strengthened sense of unity from these achievements, drawing on them to forge ahead on this new leg of the journey toward realizing the Two Centenary Goals.*
二、“十三五”时期主要目标任务和重大举措
Esteemed Deputies，Let me now brief you on the main targets, tasks, and measures for the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan from 2016 through 2020.根据《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划的建议》，国务院编制了《国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要（草案）》，提交大会审查。
On the basis of the CPC Central Committee Recommendations for the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development, the State Council has drawn up the draft of the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and submitted it to this session for your review and approval.《纲要草案》紧紧围绕全面建成小康社会奋斗目标，针对发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续等突出问题，强调要牢固树立和贯彻落实创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，明确了今后五年经济社会发展的主要目标任务，提出了一系列支撑发展的重大政策、重大工程和重大项目，突出了以下六个方面。
The draft, centering on the goal of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and designed to address serious issues such as unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development, stresses the need to promote innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared development.It proposes the main targets and tasks for economic and social development over the next five years as well as development policies, initiatives, and projects.The following are the six areas highlighted in the draft.——保持经济中高速增长，推动产业迈向中高端水平。实现全面建成小康社会目标，到2020年国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番，“十三五”时期经济年均增长保持在6.5%以上。加快推进产业结构优化升级，实施一批技术水平高、带动能力强的重大工程。到2020年，先进制造业、现代服务业、战略性新兴产业比重大幅提升，全员劳动生产率从人均8.7万元提高到12万元以上。届时，我国经济总量超过90万亿元，发展的质量和效益明显提高。在我们这样一个人口众多的发展中国家，这将是非常了不起的成就。
--We should work to maintain a medium-high rate of growth and promote the development of industries toward the medium-high end.To finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and double the 2010 GDP and per capita personal income by 2020, the economy needs to grow at an average annual rate of at least 6.5% during this five-year period.To that end, we will move faster to improve or upgrade the structure of industry and launch initiatives that use advanced technologies and can drive industrial development.Our goal is that by 2020, advanced manufacturing, modern services, and strategic emerging industries as a proportion of GDP will have risen significantly and that per capita labor productivity will have risen from 87,000 yuan to over 120,000 yuan.By that time, China's aggregate economic output should have exceeded 90 trillion yuan, and the quality and efficacy of development should have significantly improved.For a developing country like China with such a large population, this will be a truly remarkable achievement.——强化创新引领作用，为发展注入强大动力。创新是引领发展的第一动力，必须摆在国家发展全局的核心位置，深入实施创新驱动发展战略。启动一批新的国家重大科技项目，建设一批高水平的国家科学中心和技术创新中心，培育壮大一批有国际竞争力的创新型领军企业，建设一批全面创新改革试验区。持续推动大众创业、万众创新。促进大数据、云计算、物联网广泛应用。加快建设质量强国、制造强国、知识产权强国。到2020年，力争在基础研究、应用研究和战略前沿领域取得重大突破，全社会研发经费投入强度达到2.5%，科技进步对经济增长的贡献率达到60%，迈进创新型国家和人才强国行列。
--We should ensure that innovation better drives and energizes development.Innovation is the primary driving force for development and must occupy a central place in China's development strategy, which is why we must implement a strategy of innovation-driven development.We should launch new national science and technology programs, build first-class national science centers and technological innovation hubs, help develop internationally competitive high-innovation enterprises, and establish pilot reform zones for all-round innovation.We should make consistent efforts to encourage the public to start businesses and make innovations.We should promote the extensive application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things.We need to move faster to transform China into a manufacturer of advanced and quality products and a country that is strong on intellectual property rights.We should strive to achieve major breakthroughs in basic research, applied research, and research in strategic and frontier fields by 2020.China's investment in research and development is expected to reach 2.5% of GDP, and the contribution of scientific and technological advances toward economic growth should come to reach 60%.Fulfilling these objectives will turn China into an innovative and talent-rich country.——推进新型城镇化和农业现代化，促进城乡区域协调发展。缩小城乡区域差距，既是调整经济结构的重点，也是释放发展潜力的关键。要深入推进以人为核心的新型城镇化，实现1亿左右农业转移人口和其他常住人口在城镇落户，完成约1亿人居住的棚户区和城中村改造，引导约1亿人在中西部地区就近城镇化。到2020年，常住人口城镇化率达到60%、户籍人口城镇化率达到45%。
--We should make progress in new urbanization and agricultural modernization as well as in balancing development between urban and rural areas and between regions.Narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is not only a key part of economic structural adjustment;it is also crucial for unleashing developmental potential.We should advance the new, people-centered urbanization.This will mean granting urban residency to around 100 million people with rural household registration living in urban areas and other permanent urban residents, completing the rebuilding of both rundown areas and “villages” in cities involving about 100 million people, and enabling around 100 million rural residents to live in local towns and cities in the central and western regions.By 2020, permanent urban residents should account for 60% of China's population, and 45% of the Chinese people should be registered as permanent urban residents.实施一批水利、农机、现代种业等工程，推动农业适度规模经营和区域化布局、标准化生产、社会化服务。到2020年，粮食等主要农产品供给和质量安全得到更好保障，农业现代化水平明显提高，新农村建设取得新成效。
We should launch initiatives to develop water conservancy in agriculture, farming machinery, and the modern seed industry, encourage appropriately scaled-up agricultural operations, and promote regional distribution, standardized production, and commercial agricultural services.By 2020, the supply, quality, and safety of food crops and other major agricultural products should be better ensured, notable headway should have been made in modernizing agriculture, and fresh progress should have been made in developing the new countryside.以区域发展总体战略为基础，以“三大战略”为引领，形成沿海沿江沿线经济带为主的纵向横向经济轴带，培育一批辐射带动力强的城市群和增长极。加强重大基础设施建设，高铁营业里程达到3万公里、覆盖80%以上的大城市，新建改建高速公路通车里程约3万公里，实现城乡宽带网络全覆盖。
Guided by the general strategy for regional development, we should pursue the Three Initiatives to form north-south and east-west intersecting economic belts along the coastline, the Yangtze River, and major transportation routes, and foster new growth poles and city clusters that facilitate the development of surrounding areas.We should also expand major infrastructure projects, with the aim of increasing the length of high-speed railways in service to 30,000 kilometers and linking more than 80% of big cities in China with high-speed railways, building or upgrading around 30,000 kilometers of expressways, and achieving full coverage of access to broadband networks in both urban and rural areas.Note:
* To finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the CPC celebrates its centenary in 2021 and to turn the People's Republic of China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time it celebrates its centenary in 2049.——推动形成绿色生产生活方式，加快改善生态环境。坚持在发展中保护、在保护中发展，持续推进生态文明建设。深入实施大气、水、土壤污染防治行动计划，划定生态空间保护红线，推进山水林田湖生态工程，加强生态保护和修复。今后五年，单位国内生产总值用水量、能耗、二氧化碳排放量分别下降23%、15%、18%，森林覆盖率达到23.04%，能源资源开发利用效率大幅提高，生态环境质量总体改善。特别是治理大气雾霾取得明显进展，地级及以上城市空气质量优良天数比率超过80%。我们要持之以恒，建设天蓝、地绿、水清的美丽中国。
--We should encourage green ways of working and living and speed up efforts to conserve ecosystems and the environment.We need to protect the environment while pursuing development and achieve development in a well-protected environment, making sustained efforts to build a sound ecological system.We need to take serious action to prevent and control air, water, and soil pollution, set a red line that the country's total area of ecological spaces should not fall below, move forward with eco-friendly projects to protect and restore mountains, waters, forests, and farmlands, and intensify ecological conservation and restoration efforts.Over the next five years, we should aim to ensure that water consumption, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP are cut by 23%, 15%, and 18%, respectively, and that forest coverage reaches 23.04%.We should also make it our aim, within this timeframe, to develop and use energy and resources much more efficiently and make improvements to the quality of ecosystems and the environment.In particular, we should strive for major progress in the control and prevention of air pollution and see to it that the air quality of cities at and above the prefectural level is good or excellent for 80% of the year.We must work to build, through tireless efforts, a Beautiful China where the sky is blue, the land is green, and the water runs clear.——深化改革开放，构建发展新体制。发展根本上要靠改革开放。必须全面深化改革，坚持和完善基本经济制度，建立现代产权制度，基本建成法治政府，使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用，加快形成引领经济发展新常态的体制机制和发展方式。“一带一路”建设取得重大进展，国际产能合作实现新的突破。对外贸易向优进优出转变，服务贸易比重显著提升，从贸易大国迈向贸易强国。全面实行准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度，逐步构建高标准自由贸易区网络，基本形成开放型经济新体制新格局。
--We need to deepen reform and opening up to create new institutions for development.Fundamentally, development relies on reform and opening up.We must deepen reform across the board, uphold and improve the basic economic system, establish a modern system of property rights, and see that a rule of law government is basically in place.It should be ensured that the market plays the decisive role in resource allocation and the government better plays its role, and work should be accelerated to create the systems, mechanisms, and growth model that will guide the new normal in economic development.We should work for significant progress in pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative and for breakthroughs in our cooperation with other countries on industrial capacity.We should promote the optimization of imports and exports, significantly increase the proportion of trade in services, and promote China's transformation from a trader of quantity to a trader of quality.We should put into force across the board the management system for pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list, and progressively build a network of high-standard free trade areas.With these efforts, we should be able to usher in a new phase in building an open economy based on new systems.——持续增进民生福祉，使全体人民共享发展成果。坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，努力补齐基本民生保障的短板，朝着共同富裕方向稳步前进。坚决打赢脱贫攻坚战，我国现行标准下的农村贫困人口实现脱贫，贫困县全部摘帽，解决区域性整体贫困。
--We need to ensure that continuous progress is made in raising living standards, and see that everyone shares in the fruits of development.Guided by the vision of people-centered development, we need to continue to strengthen points of weakness in meeting basic needs for the people in order to achieve common prosperity.We need to fight hard to win the war against poverty and help lift out of poverty all rural residents falling below the current poverty line, and achieve poverty alleviation in all poor counties and areas.建立国家基本公共服务项目清单。建立健全更加公平更可持续的社会保障制度。实施义务教育学校标准化、普及高中阶段教育、建设世界一流大学和一流学科等工程，劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限从10.23年提高到10.8年。
We should put in place a national catalogue of basic public services.We should establish more equitable and sustainable social security systems.We need to ensure that all schools providing compulsory education comply with educational standards, that everyone has access to secondary education, that China has more world-class universities and first-class fields of discipline, and that the average number of years of schooling received by the working-age population increases from 10.23 to 10.8 years.实现城镇新增就业5000万人以上。完善收入分配制度，缩小收入差距，提高中等收入人口比重。完善住房保障体系，城镇棚户区住房改造2000万套。
We need to create 50 million plus new urban jobs.We need to improve the income distribution system, reduce the income gap, and increase the proportion of the middle-income group in the whole populace.We should improve systems of government housing support, which should include the rebuilding of 20 million housing units in rundown urban areas.推进健康中国建设，人均预期寿命提高1岁。积极应对人口老龄化。构建现代公共文化服务体系，实施公民道德建设、中华文化传承等工程。我们既要让人民的物质生活更殷实，又要让人民的精神生活更丰富。
We need to work for progress in building a Healthy China and achieve a one-year increase in average life expectancy.We need to respond proactively to population aging.We should build a modern system of public cultural services and put into effect cultural programs to boost civic morality and keep Chinese culture thriving.These efforts should enable people not only to enjoy a better life in material terms, but also to live a more enriching intellectual and cultural life.做好“十三五”时期经济社会发展工作，实现全面建成小康社会目标，必须着力把握好三点。
To achieve success in our work to promote economic and social development during the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan and finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must keep to the following three guidelines:
一是牢牢抓住发展第一要务不放松。发展是硬道理，是解决我国所有问题的关键。今后五年是跨越“中等收入陷阱”的重要阶段，各种矛盾和风险明显增多。发展如逆水行舟，不进则退。必须毫不动摇坚持以经济建设为中心，推动科学发展，妥善应对风险挑战，使中国经济这艘巨轮破浪远航。
First, give top priority to development
Development is of primary importance to China and is the key to solving every problem we face.During the next five years, we must take particular care to avoid falling into the “middle-income trap,” and we need to address an increasing number of problems and risks.Pursuing development is like sailing against the current: you either forge ahead or drift downstream.We must remain committed to economic development as our central task, endeavor to promote sound development, and respond effectively to risks and challenges so as to ensure that China's economy, like a gigantic ship, breaks the waves and goes the distance.二是大力推进结构性改革。当前发展中总量问题与结构性问题并存，结构性问题更加突出，要用改革的办法推进结构调整。在适度扩大总需求的同时，突出抓好供给侧结构性改革，既做减法，又做加法，减少无效和低端供给，扩大有效和中高端供给，增加公共产品和公共服务供给，使供给和需求协同促进经济发展，提高全要素生产率，不断解放和发展社会生产力。
Second, make major headway in carrying out structural reform
At present, we face problems both with aggregate supply and demand and with our structures.The structural problems are more acute, and reform should be conducted to adjust these structures.While working to achieve an appropriate expansion of aggregate demand, we need to give particular emphasis to structural reform on the supply side, reducing supply in some areas while increasing it in others.This means that we need to reduce ineffective and lower-end supply while increasing effective and medium-and high-end supply, increase the supply of public goods and services, ensure that development is driven by both supply and demand, and improve total-factor productivity.This should enable us to unleash and develop productive forces.三是加快新旧发展动能接续转换。经济发展必然会有新旧动能迭代更替的过程，当传统动能由强变弱时，需要新动能异军突起和传统动能转型，形成新的“双引擎”，才能推动经济持续增长、跃上新台阶。当前我国发展正处于这样一个关键时期，必须培育壮大新动能，加快发展新经济。要推动新技术、新产业、新业态加快成长，以体制机制创新促进分享经济发展，建设共享平台，做大高技术产业、现代服务业等新兴产业集群，打造动力强劲的新引擎。运用信息网络等现代技术，推动生产、管理和营销模式变革，重塑产业链、供应链、价值链，改造提升传统动能，使之焕发新的生机与活力。
Third, accelerate the shift in driving forces for development
In the course of economic development, it is only natural that old drivers of growth are replaced by new ones.As conventional driving forces weaken, it is critical that new driving forces emerge and that the conventional ones undergo a transformation so that new twin engines are formed;only then is it possible to upgrade the economy and achieve sustainable growth.This is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself, and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economy.We need to move faster to develop new technologies, industries, and forms of business, boost the development of a sharing economy through institutional innovations, create sharing platforms, and develop emerging industry clusters such as high-tech and modern service industry clusters, thus creating strong new engines.We will use network-based information technology and other modern technologies to drive changes in models of production, management, and marketing, create new industry chains, supply chains, and value chains, and transform and upgrade conventional drivers, thus injecting them with new vitality.从根本上说，发展的不竭力量蕴藏在人民群众之中。9亿多劳动力、1亿多受过高等教育和有专业技能的人才，是我们最大的资源和优势。实现新旧动能转换，推动发展转向更多依靠人力人才资源和创新，既是一个伴随阵痛的调整过程，也是一个充满希望的升级过程。只要闯过这个关口，中国经济就一定能够浴火重生、再创辉煌。
Ultimately, it is the people who are the inexhaustible source of power that drives development.A workforce of over 900 million, of whom over 100 million have received higher education or are professionally trained: this is our greatest resource and strength.Obviously, replacing old drivers of growth with new ones and achieving a shift in development toward greater reliance on human resources, human capital, and innovation is a process of painful adjustment.But it is at the same time an upgrading process with great promise.We just have to get through this process, and we can, without question, reinvigorate the economy and ensure its dynamic growth.展望今后五年，我们充满必胜信心。如期实现全面建成小康社会目标，人民生活将会更加美好，中国特色社会主义事业前景一定会更加光明！
Looking ahead to the next five years, we are fully confident that we will finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects within the set timeframe, that our people will enjoy better lives, and that there will be an even brighter future for the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.三、2016年重点工作
I now want to discuss the major areas of work for 2016.今年是全面建成小康社会决胜阶段的开局之年，也是推进结构性改革的攻坚之年。
This is the first year of the decisive stage in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and a crucial year in carrying out structural reform.To ensure that the government's goal for this year is accomplished, we must do the following:
做好政府工作，必须高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中全会精神，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，深入贯彻总书记系列重要讲话精神，按照“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局，坚持改革开放，坚持以新发展理念引领发展，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，适应经济发展新常态，实行宏观政策要稳、产业政策要准、微观政策要活、改革政策要实、社会政策要托底的总体思路，把握好稳增长与调结构的平衡，保持经济运行在合理区间，着力加强供给侧结构性改革，加快培育新的发展动能，改造提升传统比较优势，抓好去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板，加强民生保障，切实防控风险，努力实现“十三五”时期经济社会发展良好开局。
--hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;
--implement the guiding principles of the 18th National Congress of the CPC and the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee;
--follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development;
--put into practice the guiding principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping's major policy addresses;
--work in accordance with the overall plan for promoting all-round economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy;*
--continue reform and opening up;
--follow the new vision of development;
--follow the general principle of making progress while working to keep performance stable;
--adapt to the new normal in economic development;
--follow the general guidelines that macro policies should be stable, industrial policies targeted, micro policies flexible, reform policies practical, and that social policies should ensure basic needs;
--maintain a balance between ensuring steady growth and making structural adjustments;
--ensure that the economy operates within an appropriate range;
--strengthen supply-side structural reform;
--accelerate the fostering of new driving forces for development;
--strengthen traditional comparative advantages;
--cut overcapacity and excess inventory, deleverage, reduce costs, and strengthen points of weakness;
--strengthen basic safeguards for public wellbeing;
--prevent and control risks.今年发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长6.5%－7%，居民消费价格涨幅3%左右，城镇新增就业1000万人以上，城镇登记失业率4.5%以内，进出口回稳向好，国际收支基本平衡，居民收入增长和经济增长基本同步。单位国内生产总值能耗下降3.4%以上，主要污染物排放继续减少。
By working to achieve all of these, we should get off to a good start in economic and social development during the period covered by the 13th Five-Year Plan.The main development targets for 2016 are as follows:
--GDP growth of 6.5% to 7%;
--CPI increase kept at around 3%;
--creation of at least ten million new urban jobs;
--registered urban unemployment rate kept within 4.5%;
--a steady rise in import and export volumes;
--a basic balance in international payments;
--increases in personal income basically in step with economic growth;
--a reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP of at least 3.4%;
--further reductions in the release of major pollutants.经济增长预期目标6.5%－7%，考虑了与全面建成小康社会目标相衔接，考虑了推进结构性改革的需要，也有利于稳定和引导市场预期。稳增长主要是为了保就业、惠民生，有6.5%－7%的增速就能够实现比较充分的就业。
In setting a projected growth rate of between 6.5% and 7%, we have taken into consideration the need to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and the need to advance structural reform.It will also help guide market expectations and keep them stable.The aim of maintaining stable growth is primarily to ensure employment and promote the people's wellbeing, and a growth rate of between 6.5% and 7% will allow for relatively full employment.综合分析各方面情况，今年我国发展面临的困难更多更大、挑战更为严峻，我们要做打硬仗的充分准备。
A comprehensive analysis of all factors shows that China will face more and tougher problems and challenges in its development this year, so we must be fully prepared to fight a difficult battle.从国际看，世界经济深度调整、复苏乏力，国际贸易增长低迷，金融和大宗商品市场波动不定，地缘政治风险上升，外部环境的不稳定不确定因素增加，对我国发展的影响不可低估。
Internationally, the global economy is experiencing profound changes and struggling to recover;growth in trade is weak;there are fluctuations in the financial and commodity markets;geopolitical risks are rising;and there are increasing instabilities and uncertainties in China's external environment.We should not underestimate the impact all of this will have on China's development.从国内看，长期积累的矛盾和风险进一步显现，经济增速换挡、结构调整阵痛、新旧动能转换相互交织，经济下行压力加大。
Domestically, problems and risks that have been building up over the years are becoming more evident;the change of pace in economic growth, the difficulties associated with structural adjustments, and the transformation of the drivers of growth present interwoven problems;and downward pressure on the economy is growing.但困难和挑战并不可怕。中国的发展从来都是在应对挑战中前进的，没有过不去的坎。经过多年的快速发展，我国物质基础雄厚，经济韧性强、潜力足、回旋余地大，改革开放不断注入新动力，创新宏观调控积累了丰富经验。特别是我们有中国共产党的坚强领导和中国特色社会主义制度，中国人民勤劳智慧。只要我们万众一心，共克时艰，就一定能够实现全年经济社会发展目标。
But we will not be daunted by these problems and challenges.China has from the start been developing while responding to challenges;there is no difficulty we cannot get beyond.Thanks to years of rapid development, China has laid a solid material foundation, and its economy is hugely resilient and has enormous potential and ample room for growth.At the same time, reform and opening up has been injecting new impetus into economic growth, and a wealth of experience has been gained in developing new ways of conducting macro regulation.In addition, we have the guidance of the CPC and the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and our people are talented and hardworking.As long as we work together as one to surmount all difficulties, we will definitely achieve the targets for economic and social development in 2016.今年要重点做好八个方面工作。
This year, we will carry out the following eight tasks:
（一）稳定和完善宏观经济政策，保持经济运行在合理区间。我们宏观调控还有创新手段和政策储备，既要立足当前、有针对性地出招，顶住经济下行压力，又要着眼长远、留有后手、谋势蓄势。继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，创新宏观调控方式，加强区间调控、定向调控、相机调控，统筹运用财政、货币政策和产业、投资、价格等政策工具，采取结构性改革尤其是供给侧结构性改革举措，为经济发展营造良好环境。
1.Improve and keep stable our macroeconomic policies to ensure that the economy performs within an appropriate range
At present, we still have new instruments for macro regulation and a good reserve of policies at our disposal.On the one hand, we will focus on current realities and take targeted steps to withstand the downward pressure on the economy.On the other hand, we must have our long-term development goals in mind, keep some policy tools as options for later use, strategize our moves, and gather strength.We will continue to implement proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, develop new approaches to macro regulation, strengthen range-based, targeted, and well-timed regulation, use fiscal and monetary policies and industry, investment, and pricing policy tools in a coordinated way, and implement structural reform, particularly supply-side structural reform, so as to create an enabling environment for economic development.积极的财政政策要加大力度。今年拟安排财政赤字2.18万亿元，比去年增加5600亿元，赤字率提高到3%。其中，中央财政赤字1.4万亿元，地方财政赤字7800亿元。安排地方专项债券4000亿元，继续发行地方政府置换债券。我国财政赤字率和政府负债率在世界主要经济体中相对较低，这样的安排是必要的、可行的，也是安全的。
--We will pursue a more proactive fiscal policy.The government deficit for 2016 is projected to be 2.18 trillion yuan, an increase of 560 billion yuan over last year, meaning the deficit-to-GDP ratio will rise to 3%.Of the deficit, 1.4 trillion yuan will be carried by the central government, and the remaining 780 billion yuan will be carried by local governments.Special bonds for local governments will total 400 billion yuan, and local government debt-converting bonds will continue to be issued.China's deficit-to-GDP ratio and government debt ratio are lower than those of other major economies;such steps are necessary, feasible, and also safe.适度扩大财政赤字，主要用于减税降费，进一步减轻企业负担。
The moderate increase in government deficit is projected primarily to cover tax and fee reductions for enterprises, a step that will further reduce their burdens.今年将采取三项举措。一是全面实施营改增，从5月1日起，将试点范围扩大到建筑业、房地产业、金融业、生活服务业，并将所有企业新增不动产所含增值税纳入抵扣范围，确保所有行业税负只减不增。二是取消违规设立的政府性基金，停征和归并一批政府性基金，扩大水利建设基金等免征范围。
The following three measures will be adopted this year.First, business tax will be replaced with VAT in all sectors.Starting from May 1st, the scope of work to pilot this measure will be extended to the construction, real estate, financial, and consumer service industries, and VAT deductions will cover all new immovable property of enterprises to ensure that the tax burdens on all industries are reduced.Second, government-managed funds set up without authorization will be abolished;the collection of contributions to certain government-managed funds will be suspended, and some of these funds will be consolidated;and more enterprises will be exempted from contributing to water conservancy construction funds and other government-managed funds.Note:
* To make comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance the law-based governance of China, and strengthen Party self-conduct.三是将18项行政事业性收费的免征范围，从小微企业扩大到所有企业和个人。
Third, exemptions from 18 administrative charges which currently apply only to small and micro businesses will be expanded to include all enterprises and individuals.实施上述政策，今年将比改革前减轻企业和个人负担5000多亿元。同时，适当增加必要的财政支出和政府投资，加大对民生等薄弱环节的支持。创新财政支出方式，优化财政支出结构，该保的一定要保住，该减的一定要减下来。
Through the above policies, the burdens on enterprises and individuals will be cut by more than 500 billion yuan this year.At the same time, we will increase government expenditures and investment as appropriate to work on living standards and other areas in need of strengthening.We will develop new ways for government funds to be spent and improve the government spending mix to ensure that all essential items receive sufficient funding, while non-essential items are cut.加快财税体制改革。推进中央与地方事权和支出责任划分改革，合理确定增值税中央和地方分享比例。把适合作为地方收入的税种下划给地方，在税政管理权限方面给地方适当放权。进一步压缩中央专项转移支付规模，今年一般性转移支付规模增长12.2%。全面推开资源税从价计征改革。依法实施税收征管。建立规范的地方政府举债融资机制，对财政实力强、债务风险较低的，按法定程序适当增加债务限额。各级政府要坚持过紧日子，把每一笔钱都花在明处、用在实处。
Fiscal and tax reforms will be stepped up.We will move forward with the reform of the way powers and expenditure responsibilities are shared between the central and local governments, ensuring that the proportion of VAT revenue received by the central and local governments is determined appropriately.Taxes suitable as sources of local government revenue will be handed over to local governments along with the corresponding administrative powers.Central government special transfer payments to local governments will be further reduced, while this year's general transfer payments will be increased by 12.2%.We will extend ad valorem rates to all resource taxes.We will promote the law-based administration of tax collection.We will establish a well-regulated mechanism for local governments to secure financing through bond issuance and make moderate upward adjustments to debt ceilings for local governments with strong financial resources and low debt risks through statutory procedures.Governments at all levels must tighten their belts and spend every sum of money where it can be seen and where it's most needed.稳健的货币政策要灵活适度。今年广义货币M2预期增长13%左右，社会融资规模余额增长13%左右。要统筹运用公开市场操作、利率、准备金率、再贷款等各类货币政策工具，保持流动性合理充裕，疏通传导机制，降低融资成本，加强对实体经济特别是小微企业、“三农”等支持。
--We will pursue prudent monetary policy that is flexible and appropriate.Both the M2 money supply and aggregate financing in the economy are forecasted to grow by around 13% in 2016.We will use a full range of monetary policy tools including open market operations, interest rates, required reserve ratios, and re-lending to maintain sufficient liquidity at a proper level, improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, and reduce financing costs.We will provide more support for the real economy, particularly for small and micro businesses as well as agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.深化金融体制改革。加快改革完善现代金融监管体制，提高金融服务实体经济效率，实现金融风险监管全覆盖。深化利率市场化改革。继续完善人民币汇率市场化形成机制，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上基本稳定。深化国有商业银行和开发性、政策性金融机构改革，发展民营银行，启动投贷联动试点。推进股票、债券市场改革和法治化建设，促进多层次资本市场健康发展，提高直接融资比重。适时启动“深港通”。建立巨灾保险制度。规范发展互联网金融。大力发展普惠金融和绿色金融。加强全口径外债宏观审慎管理。扎紧制度笼子，整顿规范金融秩序，严厉打击金融诈骗、非法集资和证券期货领域的违法犯罪活动，坚决守住不发生系统性区域性风险的底线。
We will deepen reform of the financial sector.We will move faster in the reform to improve the modern financial regulatory system and ensure that the financial sector serves the real economy more efficiently and that regulation covers all financial risks.Interest rates will be further liberalized.Improvements will be made to the market-based mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate to ensure it remains generally stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will deepen reform of state-owned commercial banks as well as development and policy-backed financial institutions, develop private banks, and launch trials to allow commercial banks to participate in combined debt-equity investments into startups and small businesses.We will move forward with the reform of stock and bond markets and increase the level of rule of law in their development, promote the sound development of the multilevel capital market, and ensure that the proportion of direct financing is increased.The Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect will be launched at an appropriate time.A catastrophe insurance system will be established.We will work to see that Internet finance develops in line with regulations, and we will make a major push to develop inclusive and green finance.We will strengthen unified, macroprudential management of foreign debt.We will tighten institutional constraints, safeguard order in the financial sector, crack down on financial fraud, illegal fundraising, and unlawful and criminal activities in the securities and futures markets, and make sure that no systemic or regional financial risks arise.（二）加强供给侧结构性改革，增强持续增长动力。围绕解决重点领域的突出矛盾和问题，加快破除体制机制障碍，以供给侧结构性改革提高供给体系的质量和效率，进一步激发市场活力和社会创造力。
2.Strengthen supply-side structural reform to drive sustained growth
To solve acute problems in key areas, we must work faster to remove institutional obstacles and carry out supply-side structural reform to improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system, and further stimulate market vitality and the creativity of society.推动简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革向纵深发展。以敬民之心，行简政之道，切实转变政府职能、提高效能。继续大力削减行政审批事项，注重解决放权不同步、不协调、不到位问题，对下放的审批事项，要让地方能接得住、管得好。深化商事制度改革，开展证照分离试点。
--We will deepen reforms to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improve regulation, and provide better services.With the people in mind, we will streamline administration, transform the functions of the government, and improve its performance.As we continue to cancel the requirement of government review for more matters, we will focus on addressing unsynchronized, uncoordinated, and incomplete delegation of powers and make sure that local governments to which powers of review have been delegated are able to properly exercise those powers.We will deepen reform of the business system and launch trials to separate operating permits and business licenses.全面公布地方政府权力和责任清单，在部分地区试行市场准入负面清单制度。对行政事业性收费、政府定价或指导价经营服务性收费、政府性基金、国家职业资格，实行目录清单管理。加快建设统一开放、竞争有序的市场体系，打破地方保护。深化价格改革，加强价格监管。
We will release the lists of all powers and responsibilities of local governments, and begin piloting a negative list for market access in some regions.We will draw up lists and catalogues to manage administrative charges, business fees and charges set by the government or set under its guidance, government-managed funds, and professional qualifications recognized by the state.We will move faster to establish a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, and put an end to local protectionism.We will deepen pricing reform and tighten up supervision of prices.修改和废止有碍发展的行政法规和规范性文件。创新事中事后监管方式，全面推行“双随机、一公开”监管，随机抽取检查对象，随机选派执法检查人员，及时公布查处结果。推进综合行政执法改革，实施企业信用信息统一归集、依法公示、联合惩戒、社会监督。
We will revise or abolish any administrative regulations and normative documents that are holding back development.We will develop new ways of conducting oversight over the whole process of business operations, and introduce across the board an oversight model drawing on random inspections by randomly selected law enforcement officers or inspectors and requiring the prompt release of results.We will implement the reform for coordinated administrative law enforcement and adopt a unified approach to gathering information on enterprise credit, release such information in accordance with the law, ensure joint punitive action is taken where necessary, and encourage public oversight.大力推行“互联网+政务服务”，实现部门间数据共享，让居民和企业少跑腿、好办事、不添堵。简除烦苛，禁察非法，使人民群众有更平等的机会和更大的创造空间。
We will carry out the “Internet Plus government services” model and promote better information sharing between government departments, so that the public and businesses need to make fewer visits to government departments to get things done, find procedures simpler, and find the service satisfactory.We will cut red tape and root out illegalities to ensure that the people have more equal opportunities and greater space for creativity.充分释放全社会创业创新潜能。着力实施创新驱动发展战略，促进科技与经济深度融合，提高实体经济的整体素质和竞争力。
--We will ensure that the whole country's potential for starting businesses and making innovations is released.We will implement the strategy of innovation-driven development, see that science and technology become more deeply embedded in the economy, and improve the overall quality and competitiveness of the real economy.一是强化企业创新主体地位。落实企业研发费用加计扣除和加速折旧政策，完善高新技术企业、科技企业孵化器等税收优惠政策。支持行业领军企业建设高水平研发机构。加快将国家自主创新示范区试点政策推广到全国，再建设一批国家自主创新示范区、高新区。
First, we will ensure that enterprises lead in making innovations.We will implement additional tax deductions for their research and development, accelerate the depreciation of their fixed assets, and increase tax policy support for high-tech enterprises and science and technology business incubators.We will support leading enterprises in building top-level research and development institutions.We will move faster to achieve nationwide implementation of the policy of national innovation demonstration zones, and establish another set of national innovation demonstration zones and high-tech development zones.二是发挥大众创业、万众创新和“互联网+”集众智汇众力的乘数效应。打造众创、众包、众扶、众筹平台，构建大中小企业、高校、科研机构、创客多方协同的新型创业创新机制。建设一批“双创”示范基地，培育创业创新服务业，规范发展天使、创业、产业等投资。支持分享经济发展，提高资源利用效率，让更多人参与进来、富裕起来。实施更积极、更开放、更有效的人才引进政策。加强知识产权保护和运用，依法严厉打击侵犯知识产权和制假售假行为。
Second, we will help people to pool their ideas and talents through a synergy of business startups, innovation, and the Internet Plus.Platforms will be created for crowd innovation, crowd support, crowdsourcing, and crowdfunding, and mechanisms will be built to encourage new types of business startups and innovation-making through cooperation between enterprises, institutions of higher learning, research institutes, and makers.We will establish demonstration centers for business startups and innovation, foster a business startup and innovation service industry, and ensure angel investment, venture capital, industrial investment, and other investment develop in accordance with regulations.We will give our support to the development of a sharing economy and see that resources are used more efficiently and that more people take part and benefit.We will adopt more active, open, and effective policies to attract talent from overseas.We will strengthen the protection and use of intellectual property rights and look to the law to crack down on the infringement of these rights and on the production and sale of counterfeit products.三是深化科技管理体制改革。扩大高校和科研院所自主权，砍掉科研管理中的繁文缛节。实施支持科技成果转移转化的政策措施，完善股权期权税收优惠政策和分红奖励办法，鼓励科研人员创业创新。大力弘扬创新文化，厚植创新沃土，营造敢为人先、宽容失败的良好氛围，充分激发企业家精神，调动全社会创业创新积极性，汇聚成推动发展的磅礴力量。
Third, we will deepen the reform of the management system for science and technology.Greater autonomy will be given to universities and research institutes, and red tape will be cut in the management of research projects.Policies and measures will be implemented to support the transfer and commercialization of scientific and technological achievements, and tax incentives for stocks and options, and profit sharing and bonus plans will be improved to encourage researchers to start businesses and make innovations.We will foster a culture of innovation and create an enabling environment for innovation in which people venture to break new ground and failure is tolerated.I am sure that these initiatives will inspire entrepreneurialism and motivate our society to start businesses and make innovations, and thus create a powerful force to drive development.着力化解过剩产能和降本增效。重点抓好钢铁、煤炭等困难行业去产能，坚持市场倒逼、企业主体、地方组织、中央支持，运用经济、法律、技术、环保、质量、安全等手段，严格控制新增产能，坚决淘汰落后产能，有序退出过剩产能。采取兼并重组、债务重组或破产清算等措施，积极稳妥处置“僵尸企业”。完善财政、金融等支持政策，中央财政安排1000亿元专项奖补资金，重点用于职工分流安置。采取综合措施，降低企业交易、物流、财务、用能等成本，坚决遏制涉企乱收费，对违规行为要严肃查处。
--We will ensure that overcapacity is cut, costs are lowered, and business performance is improved.We will focus on addressing the overcapacity in the steel, coal, and other industries facing difficulties.In this process, the market should serve as a check, enterprises should be the major actors, local governments should play a coordinating role, and the central government should provide support.We will use economic, legal, technological, environmental, quality inspection, and safety-related means to strictly control the expansion of production capacity, shut down outdated production facilities, and eliminate overcapacity in a planned way.We will address the issue of “zombie enterprises” proactively yet prudently by using measures such as mergers, reorganizations, debt restructurings, and bankruptcy liquidations.Fiscal, financial, and other policies will be improved to support this work.One hundred billion yuan in rewards and subsidies will be provided by the central government, which will be mainly used to resettle employees laid off from these enterprises.We will take a full range of measures to reduce the transaction, logistics, financial, and energy consumption costs of enterprises, and work to put a stop to the collection of arbitrary and unwarranted fees from enterprises and be strict about investigating and punishing violations of regulations.努力改善产品和服务供给。突出抓好三个方面。
We will concentrate our efforts on the following three areas:
一是提升消费品品质。加快质量安全标准与国际标准接轨，建立商品质量惩罚性赔偿制度。鼓励企业开展个性化定制、柔性化生产，培育精益求精的工匠精神，增品种、提品质、创品牌。
--We will work to ensure the supply of goods and services is improved.First, we will see that the quality of consumer goods is improved.We will move faster to bring domestic quality and safety standards in line with international standards, and
第三篇：2010政府工作报告中英文对照版
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
在
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
founding of New China.The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and raised China's international standing and influence.All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.一年来，我们主要做了以下工作：
Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.（一）加强和改善宏观调控，促进经济平稳较快发展。我们实行积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，全面实施并不断完善应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划。大规模增加财政支出和实行结构性减税，保持货币信贷快速增长，提高货币政策的可持续性，扩大直接融资规模，满足经济社会发展的资金需求，有效扩大了内需，很快扭转了经济增速下滑趋势。
1.Strengthening and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis.We significantly increased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing.We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic demand, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.着力扩大居民消费。我们鼓励消费的政策领域之宽、力度之大、受惠面之广前所未有。中央财政投入资金 450亿元，补贴家电汽车摩托车下乡、汽车家电以旧换新和农机具购置。减半征收小排量汽车购置税，减免住房交易相关税收，支持自住性住房消费。全年汽车销售1364万辆，增长46.2%；商品房销售9.37亿平方米，增长42.1%；社会消费品零售总额实际增长16.9%，消费对经济增长的拉动作用明显增强。
We vigorously expanded consumer spending.Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before.The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes.Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles.We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2%;commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1%;and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9% in real terms: Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.促进投资快速增长。我们发挥政府投资“四两拨千斤”的作用，引导带动社会投资。实施两年新增4万亿元的投资计划。2009年中央政府公共投资9243亿元，比上年预算增加5038亿元，其中，保障性住房、农村民生工程、社会事业投资占44%，自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占16%，重大基础设施建设占23%，灾后恢复重建占14%。全社会固定资产投资增长30.1%，投资结构进一步优化。投资快速增长有效弥补了外需下降的缺口，加强了薄弱环节，为经济社会长远发展奠定了坚实的基础。
We promoted rapid growth in investment.We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment.We implemented a plan to invest an additional 4 trillion yuan over two years.In 2009, the central government's public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year's budget.Of this, 44% was invested in.low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;16% in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement;23% in major infrastructure projects;and 14% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Fixed asset investment increased.30.1% nationwide.We further improved the investment structure.Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development 我们加快推进汶川地震灾后恢复重建，重灾区已完成投资6545亿元，占规划总投资的65.5%。国家的大力支持，全国人民的无私援助，灾区群众的艰苦奋斗，使遭受重大创伤的灾区呈现出崭新面貌。一座座新城拔地而起，一个个村庄焕发出蓬勃生机。这充分体现了中华民族的无疆大爱，有力彰显了社会主义制度的无比优越。
We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work.We have already invested 654.5
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
billion yuan, 65.5% of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas.Thanks to the government's strong support, the selfless assistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearance, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality.All this fully reflects the boundless love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.（二）大力调整经济结构，夯实长远发展基础。我们把保增长与调结构紧密结合起来，加快解决制约经济发展的结构性矛盾。
2.Vigorously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development.We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.“三农”工作进一步加强。中央财政用于“三农”的支出7253亿元，增长21.8%。大幅度提高粮食最低收购价。启动实施全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设规划。继续改善农村生产生活条件，农村饮水安全工程使6069万农民受益，新增510万沼气用户，新建和改造农村公路38万公里、农村电网线路26.6万公里，又有80万户农村危房得到改造，9.2万户游牧民实现了定居。我们加大扶贫力度，贫困地区的生产生活条件得到明显改善。
We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, an increase of 21.8%.We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin.We began implementation of 'the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide.We continued to improve living and working conditions in rural areas.We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1.million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated houses in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families.We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty.As a result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.产业结构调整力度加大。制定并实施十大重点产业调整振兴规划。鼓励企业加快技术改造，安排200亿元技改专项资金支持4441个技改项目。重点行业兼并重组取得新进展。下大力气抑制部分行业产能过剩和重复建设，关停小火电机组2617万千瓦，淘汰落后的炼钢产能1691万吨、炼铁产能2113万吨、水泥产能7416万吨、焦炭产能1809万吨。加快实施国家科技重大专项，中央财政用于科技的支出1512亿元，增长30%。积极支持自主创新产品推广应用，清洁能源、2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
综合治理水土流失面积4.8万平方公里。加强“三河三湖”等重点流域水污染防治和工业废水废气废渣治理。“十一五”前四年累计单位国内生产总值能耗下降 14.38%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降9.66%和13.14%。积极开展应对气候变化工作，明确提出2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目标和政策措施。气象预报预警和地震监测工作得到加强，灾害防御能力不断提升。
We made solid progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions and protecting the environment.We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment.We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-conditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs.We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36%.Through combined measures, we brought soil erosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control.We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes, and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry.Over the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38%，and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased 9.66% and 13.14% respectively.We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our country's targets, policies and measures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.We improved our weather forecasting and early warning;as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.区域协调发展迈出新步伐。深入实施区域发展总体战略，制定若干区域发展重大规划和政策。中西部和东北地区加快开放开发，积极承接产业转移，发展基础不断夯实；东部地区加快结构和自主创新，经济发展活力增强。区域发展呈现布局改善、结构优化、协调性提高的良好态势。
We took new steps in balancing development between regions.We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development;and formulated several major regional development plans and policies.The central and western regions and northeast China accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development.The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased.A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.（三）坚持深化改革开放，不断完善有利于科学发展的体制机制。我们把深化改革开放作为应对国际金融危机的强大动力，努力消除体制障碍，不断提高对外开放水平。
3.Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically.We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.重点领域和关键环节改革加快推进。增值税转型全面实施。成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进，新的成品油价格形成机制规范运行。国家开发银行商业化转型和农业银行股份制改革扎实推进，跨境贸易人民币结算试点启动实施。创业板正式推出，为自主创新及其他成长型创业企业开辟了新的融资渠道。地方政府机构改革有序开展，事业单位分类改革试点稳步进行。集体林权制度改革全面推开，15亿亩林地确权到户，占全国集体林地面积的60%，这是继土地家庭承包之后我国农村经营制度的又一重大变革。
We accelerated reform in key areas and links.We comprehensively carried out VAT reform.The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fees on them was implemented smoothly, and a new mechanism for pricing them worked well.We made solid progress in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cross-border trade.The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises.We proceeded with the reform of local government departments in an orderly manner, and steadily carried out a trial of reforming institutions by type.We comprehensively launched the reform of tenure in collective forests.We devolved tenure in 100 million hectares of forest land to rural households, equaling 60% of the country's total area of collective forests.This is another major reform of China's rural operation system, and follows in the footsteps of the household land contract responsibility system.
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
开放型经济水平不断提高。出台一系列稳定外需的政策措施，采取符合国际惯例的方式支持出口企业，完成短期出口信用保险承保900亿美元，安排421亿美元大型成套设备出口融资保险。鼓励增加进口。去年下半年开始进出口降幅明显收窄，国际市场份额得到巩固，全年进出口总额2.2万亿美元。扭转利用外资下降局面，全年实际利用外商直接投资900亿美元。企业“走出去”逆势上扬，非金融类对外直接投资和对外工程承包营业额分别达433亿美元和777亿美元。积极参与国际宏观经济政策对话协调和经贸金融合作，在共同应对国际金融危机中发挥了建设性作用。
We constantly raised the level of the open economy.We introduced policies and measures to stabilize foreign demand, adopted methods that conform to international practices to support export companies, completed the issuance of short-term export credit insurance worth US$ 90 billion, and arranged $42.1 billion of export financing insurance for complete sets of large equipment.We encouraged increases in imports: Since the second half of last year;falls in imports and exports have clearly eased, and we have consolidated our share of international markets.Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion.We reversed the decline in utilized foreign investment, and actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year.More enterprises “went global” in spite of the adverse situation;non-financial outward direct investment amounted to $43.3 billion, and receipts from overseas project contracting operations reached $77.7 billion.We actively participated in international macroeconomic policy dialogue and coordination as well as economic, trade and financial cooperation, and played a constructive role in the joint response to the global financial crisis.（四）着力改善民生，加快发展社会事业。在应对国际金融危机的困难情况下，我们更加注重保障和改善民生，切实解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题。
4.Striving to improve people's wellbeing and accelerating the development of social programs.In the difficult circumstances of responding to the global financial crisis, we gave greater priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and effectively solved the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.实施更加积极的就业政策。强化政府促进就业的责任。中央财政安排就业专项资金426亿元，比上年增长 59%。实施困难企业缓缴社会保险费或降低部分费率、再就业税收减免及提供相关补贴等政策，鼓励企业稳定和增加就业。开展系列就业服务活动，多渠道开辟公益性就业岗位，促进高校毕业生到基层就业、应征入伍和到企事业单位就业见习。全年组织2100万城乡劳动者参加职业培训。这些措施促进了就业的基本稳定。
We implemented a more active employment policy.We increased the responsibility of the government for stimulating employment.The central government allocated 42.6 billion yuan in special employment funds, an increase of 59%.For distressed enterprises, we postponed and in some cases reduced their payment of social security contributions.We also reduced or exempted reemployment tax and provided related subsidies to encourage enterprises to maintain or increase their levels of employment.We launched a series of employment service activities, created public-service jobs through multiple channels, and encouraged college graduates to take jobs at the primary level, enlist in the army, or join enterprises and institutions as interns.We provided job training for 21 million urban and rural workers.These measures helped bring about basic employment stability.加快完善社会保障体系。普遍建立养老保险省级统筹制度，出台包括农民工在内的城镇企业职工养老保险关系转移接续办法。在320个县开展新型农村社会养老保险试点，推动我国社会保障制度建设迈出历史性步伐。中央财政安排社会保障资金2906亿元，比上年增长16.6%。企业退休人员基本养老金连续5年增加，去年又人均提高10%。农村五保户供养水平、优抚对象抚恤补助标准、城乡低保对象保障水平都有新的提高。中央财政安排保障性安居工程补助资金551亿元，比上年增长2倍。新建、改扩建各类保障性住房200万套，棚户区改造解决住房130万套。全国社会保障基金积累6927亿元，比上年增长44.2%。社会保障体系得到加强。
We accelerated improvements in the social security system.We established a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and introduced a method for transferring pension accounts for workers of urban enterprises, some of whom are rural migrant workers.We launched a pilot project for a new rural pension insurance system in 320 counties-a historic step forward in the development of China's social security system.The central government allocated 290.6 billion yuan in social security funds, an increase of 16.6%.Pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the fifth consecutive year and registered another 10% rise per person.We provided better care for childless and infirm rural residents receiving guarantees of food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses.We increased
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
subsidies for entitled groups and subsistence allowances for both urban and rural recipients.The central government used 55.1 billion yuan to develop low-income housing projects, a two-fold increase over the previous year.We built, renovated or expanded 2 million low-income housing units of various types, and renovated or built 1:3 million housing units in run-down areas.Nationwide, social security funds reached 692.'7 billion yuan, an increase of 44.2%.We strengthened the social security system.进一步促进教育公平。大幅度增加全国教育支出，其中中央财政支出1981亿元，比上年增长23.6%。全面落实城乡义务教育政策，中央下达农村义务教育经费666亿元，提前一年实现农村中小学生人均公用经费500元和300元的目标。实行义务教育阶段教师绩效工资制度。中等职业学校农村家庭经济困难学生和涉农专业学生免学费政策开始实施。国家助学制度不断完善，资助学生2871万人，基本保障了困难家庭的孩子不因贫困而失学。
We made education more equitable.We increased education spending nationwide significantly, including central government spending of 198.1 billion yuan, an increase of 23.6%.We comprehensively implemented the urban and rural compulsory education policy, spent 66.6 billion yuan of central government funds on rural compulsory education, and reached the target of raising public spending for rural secondary and primary school students to an average of 500 yuan and 300 yuan per student respectively a year ahead of schedule.We implemented a performance-based pay system for compulsory education teachers.We started to implement the policy of free tuition for rural students attending secondary vocational schools whose families have financial difficulties and students in such schools who are studying agriculture-related majors.We constantly improved the national student financial aid system;which benefited 28.71 million students and basically ensured that no children from poor families were denied schooling due to financial difficulties.稳步推进医药卫生事业改革发展。组织实施医药卫生体制改革。中央财政医疗卫生支出1277亿元，比上年增长49.5%。城镇职工和城镇居民基本医疗保险参保4.01亿人，新型农村合作医疗制度覆盖8.3亿人。中央财政安排429亿元，解决关闭破产国有企业退休人员医疗保险问题。基本药物制度在30％的基层医疗卫生机构实施。中央财政支持建设了一批县级医院、乡镇中心卫生院和社区卫生服务中心。启动实施扩大乙肝疫苗接种等重大公共卫生服务专项。加强食品、药品安全专项整治。面对突如其来的甲型HlN1流感疫情，我们依法科学有序地开展防控工作，有效保障了人民群众生命安全，维护了社会正常秩序。
We made steady progress in the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields.We organized the implementation of the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems.The central government spent 127.7 billion yuan on medical and health care, an increase of 49.5%.A total of 401 million urban workers and non-working urban residents subscribed to basic medical insurance;and coverage of the new type of rural cooperative medical care system reached $30 million people.The central government allocated 42.9 billion yuan to solve the problem of medical insurance for retired workers from closed and bankrupt state-owned enterprises.The basic drug system has been implemented in 30% of primary-level medical and health care institutions.Central government funds were used to support the construction of a number of county-level hospitals, town and township central hospitals, and community health service centers.We launched major public health service projects, including one to increase vaccinations against hepatitis B.We intensified special campaigns for food and drug safety.Faced with the sudden outbreak of influenza A(H1N1), we carried out scientific and orderly prevention and control work in accordance with the law, and thereby effectively protected people's lives and maintained normal order in society.在国际金融危机严重冲击、世界经济负增长的背景下，我国取得这样的成绩极为不易。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央统揽全局、正确领导的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民和衷共济、团结奋斗的结果。在这里，我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢！
It was not at all easy for our country to make all these achievements against the backdrop of the severe impact of the global financial crisis and the negative growth of the world economy: They were the result of the overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army, and the people of all of our ethnic groups.On behalf of the Mate Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all of our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations, and people from all sectors of society.I also express our sincere thanks to our
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations, and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China's modernization.一年来，我们认真贯彻落实科学发展观，积极应对国际金融危机，全面做好政府工作，有以下几点体会：必须坚持运用市场机制和宏观调控两种手段，在坚持市场经济改革方向、发挥市场配置资源基础性作用、激发市场活力的同时，充分发挥我国社会主义制度决策高效、组织有力、集中力量办大事的优势。必须坚持处理好短期和长期两方面关系，注重远近结合、标本兼治，既克服短期困难、解决突出矛盾，又加强重点领域和薄弱环节、为长远发展奠定基础。必须坚持统筹国内国际两个大局，把扩大内需作为长期战略方针，坚定不移地实行互利共赢的开放战略，加快形成内需外需协调拉动经济增长的格局。必须坚持发展经济与改善民生、维护社会公平正义的内在统一，围绕改善民生谋发展，把改善民生作为经济发展的出发点、落脚点和持久动力，着眼维护公平正义，让全体人民共享改革发展成果，促进社会和谐稳定。必须坚持发挥中央和地方两个积极性，既强调统一思想、顾全大局，又鼓励因地制宜、探索创新，形成共克时艰的强大合力。这些经验对我们坚持中国特色社会主义道路，提高驾驭社会主义市场经济能力，推进现代化进程，具有重要而深远的意义。
In the course of the past year, as we conscientiously applied the Scientific Outlook on Development;vigorously responded to the global financial crisis and completed all of our government work, we came to the following conclusions: We must continue to make use of both market mechanisms and macro-control, that is, at the same time as we keep our reforms oriented toward a market economy, let market forces play their basic role in allocating resources, and stimulate the market's vitality, we must make best use of the socialist system's advantages, which enable us to make decisions efficiently, organize effectively, and concentrate resources to accomplish large undertakings.We must balance long-and short-term interests, take into account long-and short-term needs, and address both the symptoms and root causes of problems.We must overcome short-term difficulties and solve major problems as well as strengthen key areas and weak links in order to lay a foundation for long-term development.We must continue to consider domestic and international situations, make it a long-term strategic policy to boost domestic demand, adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up, and quickly formulate a pattern in which domestic demand and foreign demand drive economic growth in concert.We must always remember that developing the economy is inseparable from improving people's wellbeing and safeguarding social fairness and justice;make improving people's wellbeing the focus of development, and the starting point, goal, and lasting driving force of economic development;strive to safeguard fairness and justice;ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development;and promote social harmony and stability.We must give free rein to the initiative of both the central and local authorities.While stressing unity of thinking and keeping overall interests in mind, we also need to encourage everyone to proceed in light of local conditions and make explorations and innovations, in order to form a powerful, concerted force for overcoming present difficulties.All of these experiences are of vital and profound significance for keeping to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, improving our ability to run the socialist market economy, and pushing ahead the process of modernization.二、2010年主要任务
II.Main Tasks for 2010 今年是继续应对国际金融危机、保持经济平稳较快发展、加快转变经济发展方式的关键一年，是全面实现“十一五”规划目标、为“十二五”发展打好基础的重要一年。
This is a crucial year for continuing to deal with the global financial crisis, maintaining steady and rapid economic development, and accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development.It is also an important year for achieving all the targets of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and laying a solid foundation for development on the basis of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.今年发展环境虽然有可能好于去年，但是面临的形势极为复杂。各种积极变化和不利影响此长彼消，短期问题和长期矛盾相互交织，国内因素和国际因素相互影响，经济社会发展中“两难”问题增多。从国际看，世界经济有望恢复性增长，国际金融市场渐趋稳定，经济全球化深入发展的大趋势没有改变，世界经济格局大变革、大调整孕育着新的发展机遇。同时，世界经济复苏的基础仍然脆弱，金融领域风险没有完全消除，各国刺激政策退出抉择艰难，国际大宗商品价格和主要货币汇率可能加剧波动，贸易保护主义明显抬头，加上气候变化、粮食安全、能源资源等全球性问题错综复杂，外部环境不稳定、不确定因素依
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
然很多。从国内看，我国仍处在重要战略机遇期。经济回升向好的基础进一步巩固，市场信心增强，扩大内需和改善民生的政策效应继续显现，企业适应市场变化的能力和竞争力不断提高。但是，经济社会发展中仍然存在一些突出矛盾和问题。经济增长内生动力不足，自主创新能力不强，部分行业产能过剩矛盾突出，结构调整难度加大；就业压力总体上持续增加和结构性用工短缺的矛盾并存；农业稳定发展和农民持续增收的基础不稳固；财政金融领域潜在风险增加；医疗、教育、住房、收入分配、社会管理等方面的突出问题亟待解决。我们必须全面、正确判断形势，决不能把经济回升向好的趋势等同于经济运行根本好转。要增强忧患意识，充分利用有利条件和积极因素，努力化解矛盾，更加周密地做好应对各种风险和挑战的准备，牢牢把握工作的主动权。
Although this year's development environment may be better than last year’s, we still face a very complex situation.Some positive changes and negative influences are growing while others are diminishing.Short-term and long-term problems are interwoven, domestic and international factors mutually affect each other, and the dilemmas facing economic and social development are increasing.Internationally, the global economy will hopefully turn around.International financial markets are stabilizing, and the overall trend toward increased economic globalization has not changed.Considerable changes and adjustments in the world economic structure will bring new development opportunities.At the same time, many destabilizing factors and uncertainties remain in our external environment.The foundation for global economic recovery remains weak;financial risks have not been completely eliminated;individual countries face difficult choices in phasing out their stimulus policies;larger fluctuations may occur in the prices of major commodities and exchange rates among the major currencies;trade protectionism is clearly reasserting itself;and global problems such as climate change, food security and energy and resource supplies remain complex.Domestically, our country is still in an important period of strategic opportunities.The foundation for economic turnaround is becoming stronger, market confidence has increased, the policy we adopted to boost domestic demand and improve people's wellbeing continues to show results, and enterprises are constantly becoming more competitive and better able to adapt to market changes.Nevertheless, there are still some serious problems affecting economic and social development.There is insufficient internal impetus driving economic growth;our independent innovation capability is not strong;there is still considerable excess production capacity in some industries and it is becoming more difficult to restructure them;while the pressure on employment is constantly growing overall, there is a structural shortage of labor;the foundation for keeping agricultural production and farmers' incomes growing steadily is weak;latent risks in the banking and public finance sectors are increasing;and major problems in the areas of healthcare, education, housing, income distribution and public administration urgently require solutions.We must make a comprehensive and correct judgment of the situation, and we must not interpret the economic turnaround as a fundamental improvement in the economic situation.We need to strengthen our awareness of potential dangers, make full use of favorable conditions and positive factors, strive to resolve problems, make even more thorough preparations to deal with risks and challenges of all kinds, and firmly keep the initiative in our work.做好今年的政府工作，要认真贯彻党的十七大和十七届三中、四中全会精神，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，着力搞好宏观调控和保持经济平稳较快发展，着力加快经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整，着力推进改革开放和自主创新，着力改善民生和促进社会和谐稳定，全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设，加快全面建设小康社会进程，努力实现经济社会又好又快发展。
To do a good job of our government work this year, we need to conscientiously implement the guiding principles of the Seventeenth National Party Congress and the third and fourth plenary sessions of the Seventeenth Central Committee;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development;strive to apply macro-control appropriately and maintain steady and rapid economic development;work hard to accelerate economic restructuring and the transformation of the pattern of economic development;press ahead with reform and opening up and with independent innovation;strive to improve people's wellbeing and to promote social harmony and stability;make headway with our efforts to encourage socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological development;pick up the pace of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects;and work hard to achieve sound, rapid economic and social development.今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长8％左右；城镇新增就业900万人以上，城镇登记失业率控制在4.6％
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
以内；居民消费价格涨幅3％左右；国际收支状况改善。这里要着重说明，提出国内生产总值增长8％左右，主要是强调好字当头，引导各方面把工作重点放到转变经济发展方式、调整经济结构上来。提出居民消费价格涨幅3％左右，综合考虑了去年价格变动的翘尾因素、国际大宗商品价格的传导效应、国内货币信贷增长的滞后影响以及居民的承受能力，并为资源环境税费和资源性产品价格改革留有一定空间。
This year the main targets we have set for economic and social development are: increasing GDP by approximately 8%, creating jobs for more than 9 million people entering the urban workforce, keeping the urban registered unemployment rate no higher than 4.6%, holding the rise in consumer prices to around 3%, and improving the balance of payments.Here I would like to stress that in targeting a GDP increase of around 8%, we are emphasizing sound development, and we need to guide all sectors to focus on transforming the pattern of economic development and restructuring the economy in their work.By targeting an increase in consumer prices of around 3%, we are giving full consideration to the carry-over effects of last year's price changes, the reverberations caused by price changes for major international commodities, the continued impact of increases in domestic supplies of money and credit;and consumers' ability to bear price increases, while also leaving room for reform in resource and environment taxes and fees and in the pricing of resource products.今年要重点抓好八个方面工作：
This year we will focus on the following eight areas.（一）提高宏观调控水平，保持经济平稳较快发展
1.Exercising better macro-control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development 要继续实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，保持政策的连续性和稳定性，根据新形势新情况不断提高政策的针对性和灵活性，把握好政策实施的力度、节奏和重点。处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理好通胀预期的关系。既要保持足够的政策力度、巩固经济回升向好的势头，又要加快经济结构调整、推动经济发展方式转变取得实质性进展，还要管理好通胀预期、稳定物价总水平。
We need to continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We need to maintain continuity and stability in our policies while constantly making them better-targeted and more flexible as circumstances and conditions change, and keep a good grasp of the intensity, pace and focus of their implementation.We need to skillfully handle the relationship between maintaining steady and rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations.We not only need to maintain sufficient policy intensity and consolidate the momentum of the economic turnaround, but we also need to accelerate economic restructuring and make substantive progress in transforming the pattern of economic development.In addition, we need to manage inflation expectations well and keep the overall level of prices stable.继续实施积极的财政政策。
We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.一是保持适度的财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字10500亿元，其中中央财政赤字8500亿元，继续代发地方债2000亿元并纳入地方财政预算。这样的安排主要是考虑到今年财政收支矛盾仍然十分突出。从财政收入看，上一年一次性特殊增收措施没有或减少了，还要继续实施结构性减税政策，财政收入增长不会太快；从财政支出看，继续实施应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划，完成在建项目、加强薄弱环节、推进改革、改善民生、维护稳定等都需要增加投入。
First, we will keep the deficit and government bonds at appropriate levels.This year, we have projected a deficit of 1.05 trillion yuan, which consists of 850 billion yuan in central government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets.These arrangements are based mainly on the consideration that this year revenue will fall significantly short of expenditures.Regarding revenue, last year's one-off measures to increase revenue will either not be repeated or will be decreased.We also need to continue to implement the policy of structural tax reductions;consequently, revenue will not increase very quickly.Regarding expenditures, we will continue to implement the package plan for dealing with the global financial crisis, and increase spending to complete work on projects now under construction, strengthen weak links, carry forward reform, improve people's wellbeing and maintain stability.二是继续实施结构性减税政策，促进扩大内需和经济结构调整。
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
Second, we will continue to implement the structural tax reduction policy to expand domestic demand and promote economic restructuring.三是优化财政支出结构，有保有压，把钱花在刀刃上。继续向“三农”、民生、社会事业等领域倾斜，支持节能环保、自主创新和欠发达地区的建设。严格控制一般性支出，大力压缩公用经费。
Third, we will improve the structure of expenditures, maintain expenditures in some areas while reducing them in others, and spend our money where it counts the most.We will continue to give preference to agriculture, farmers, and rural areas, and to improving people's wellbeing and developing social programs.We will support energy conservation, environmental protection, independent innovation, and development in underdeveloped areas.We will strictly control regular expenditures, and do all we can to reduce public spending.四是切实加强政府性债务管理，增强内外部约束力，有效防范和化解潜在财政风险。同时，要依法加强税收征管和非税收入管理，严厉打击偷骗税行为，做到应收尽收。
Fourth, we will effectively improve government debt management, strengthen internal and external restraints, and effectively guard against and fend off latent public finance risks.In addition, we need to strengthen tax collection and supervision as well as supervision of non-tax revenue in accordance with the law, strictly crack down on tax fraud, and collect all due taxes.继续实施适度宽松的货币政策。
We will continue to implement a moderately easy monetary policy.一是保持货币信贷合理充裕。今年广义货币M2增长目标为17％左右，新增人民币贷款7.5万亿元左右。这两个指标虽然都低于去年实际执行结果，但仍然是一个适度宽松的政策目标，能够满足经济社会发展的合理资金需求。同时也有利于管理好通胀预期、提高金融支持经济发展的可持续性。
First, we will ensure that there are proper and sufficient supplies of money and credit.This year's target for expanding the broad money supply(M2)is around 17%, and we will increase the total quantity of renminbi loans by approximately 7.5 trillion yuan.Although both of these increases are less than the actual increases last year, they are still moderately easy policy goals, and they can satisfy reasonable financial demands of economic and social development.In addition, these goals are beneficial for managing inflation expectations and making financial support for economic development more sustainable.二是优化信贷结构。落实有保有控的信贷政策，加强对重点领域和薄弱环节的支持，有效缓解农户和小企业融资难问题，严格控制对“两高”行业和产能过剩行业的贷款。强化贷后管理，确保信贷资金支持实体经济。
Second, we will improve the credit structure.We will implement a credit policy that guarantees credit in some areas and limits it in others;increase support for important areas and weak links;effectively alleviate the difficulties farmers and small businesses have in obtaining financing;and strictly control loans to industries that are energy-intensive, highly polluting or saddled with overcapacity.We will strengthen post-loan supervision and ensure that loans are used to support the real economy.三是积极扩大直接融资。完善多层次资本市场体系，扩大股权和债券融资规模，更好地满足多样化投融资需求。
Third, we will actively expand direct financing.We will improve the system of multilevel capital markets, increase financing by selling equities and issuing bonds, and better satisfy the diverse demand for investment and financing.四是加强风险管理，提高金融监管有效性。探索建立宏观审慎管理制度，强化对跨境资本流动的有效监控，防范各类金融风险。继续完善人民币汇率形成机制，保持人民币汇率在合理、均衡水平上的基本稳定。
Fourth, we will strengthen risk management and make financial oversight and supervision more effective.We will explore ways to establish a system of prudent macro management, strengthen the monitoring of the cross-border flow of capital, and guard against all kinds of financial risks.We will continue to improve the mechanism for setting the renminbi exchange rate and keep it basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.积极扩大居民消费需求。继续提高农民收入、企业退休人员基本养老金、部分优抚对象待遇和城乡居民最低生活保障水平，增强居民特别是中低收入者消费能力。巩固扩大传统消费，积极培育信息、旅游、文化、健身、培训、养老、家庭服务等消费热点，促进消费结构优化升级。扩大消费信贷。加强商贸流通体系等基础设施建设，积极发展电子商务。整顿和规范市场秩序，2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
努力营造便利、安全、放心的消费环境。继续实施和完善鼓励消费的各项政策措施。大幅提高家电下乡产品最高限价，增加品种和型号，扩大补贴范围，完善补贴标准和办法，加强对中标企业的管理和考核，提高产品质量和服务水平；完善家电、汽车以旧换新和汽车、摩托车下乡政策，小排量汽车购置税按7.5％征收。我们一定要落实好这些政策措施，把好事办好，真正让广大群众得到实惠。
We will energetically expand consumer demand.We will continue to increase farmers' incomes, basic pensions of enterprise retirees, allowances to some entitled groups, subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents, and people's purchasing power, especially low-and middle-income earners.We will strengthen and expand traditional consumption, and promote the upgrading of the consumption structure by actively cultivating areas of high consumption, such as information, tourism, culture, fitness, training, services for the elderly and household services.We will increase consumer credit.We will strengthen infrastructure, such as the logistics system, and vigorously develop e-commerce.We will overhaul and standardize markets to create a convenient, safe and worry-free environment for consumers.We will continue to implement and improve all of our policies and measures for encouraging consumption.We will considerably raise the maximum price limits for home appliances sold, in the countryside, increase types of appliances and models eligible for subsidies, expand the scope of subsidies, improve the criteria for qualifying for subsidies and the way subsidies are granted, strengthen supervision and evaluation of enterprises that win bids for contracts, and raise the quality of products and services.We will improve the policies for getting consumers to trade-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and getting rural residents to buy motor vehicles, and set the purchase tax for small-displacement automobiles at 7.5%.We must implement these policies and measures, do meaningful work and do it well, and make sure the benefits reach the people.着力优化投资结构。各级政府投资都要集中力量保重点，严格控制新开工项目，资金安排主要用于项目续建和收尾，切实防止出现“半拉子”工程。扎实推进地震灾区恢复重建，保质保量完成任务。鼓励扩大民间投资，完善和落实促进民间投资的相关政策。加强和改进投资管理，严格执行用地、节能、环保、安全等市场准入标准和产业政策，切实防止重复建设。对有财政资金投入的建设项目，要加强全程监督，坚决避免以扩大内需为名，搞劳民伤财的形象工程和政绩工程。坚持科学民主决策，确保公共投资真正用于推进经济社会发展和改善人民生活，经得起实践和历史的检验。
We will strive to improve the investment structure.Government investment at all levels needs to be concentrated in the most important areas, and the launching of new projects must be strictly controlled.It should be used mainly for carrying on and completing projects, and we need to ensure that projects are not stopped midway.We will steadily move forward with the recovery and reconstruction of quake-hit areas, and make sure quality and quantity targets are met.We will encourage greater non-government investment, and improve and implement policies to achieve this goal.We will strengthen and improve the supervision of investment;strictly enforce market entry standards and industrial policies concerning land use, energy conservation, environmental protection, and safety;and effectively prevent redundant construction.For projects financed through the public treasury, relevant departments need to exercise oversight of the entire course of the project, and we must prevent the construction of image and vanity projects that waste manpower and money in the name of boosting domestic demand.We will adhere to scientific and democratic decision making, and ensure that public funds are spent on projects that promote economic and social development and improve people's lives and that will stand the test of practice and history.（二）加快转变经济发展方式，调整优化经济结构
2.Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and adjusting and optimizing the economic structure 转变经济发展方式刻不容缓。要大力推动经济进入创新驱动、内生增长的发展轨道。
We urgently need to transform the pattern of economic development.We will work hard to put economic development onto the track of endogenous growth driven by innovation.继续推进重点产业调整振兴。
We will continue to promote restructuring and revitalization in key industries.一是加大技术改造力度。用好技改专项资金，引导企业开发新产品和节能降耗。
First, we will intensify technological upgrading.We will effectively use funds for technological upgrading to
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
guide enterprises in developing new products, saving energy and reducing resource consumption.二是促进企业兼并重组。打破行业垄断和地区封锁，推动优势企业兼并困难企业，加快淘汰落后产能。
Second, we will encourage mergers and reorganization of enterprises.We will break industry monopolies;remove regional blockades, support superior enterprises in acquiring ones in financial difficulties;and close down backward production facilities more quickly.三是全面提升产品质量。引导企业以品牌、标准、服务和效益为重点，健全质量管理体系，强化社会责任。切实加强市场监管和诚信体系建设，努力把我国产品质量提高到新水平。
Third, we will comprehensively raise product quality.We will guide enterprises to improve their quality management systems;focusing on brands, standards, service, and performance, and to enhance their sense of social responsibility: We will effectively strengthen the market oversight and credibility systems, and strive to raise the quality of China's products to a new level.大力培育战略性新兴产业。国际金融危机正在催生新的科技革命和产业革命。发展战略性新兴产业，抢占经济科技制高点，决定国家的未来，必须抓住机遇，明确重点，有所作为。要大力发展新能源、新材料、节能环保、生物医药、信息网络和高端制造产业。积极推进新能源汽车、“三网”融合取得实质性进展，加快物联网的研发应用。加大对战略性新兴产业的投入和政策支持。
We will foster emerging industries of strategic importance.The global financial crisis is hastening the birth of a new technological and industrial revolution.It is of decisive importance for the future of our country that we develop emerging industries of strategic importance and capture the economic, scientific and technological high ground;therefore, we must seize opportunities, identify priorities, and achieve results.We need to vigorously develop new energy sources, new materials, energy conservation, environmental protection, biomedicine, information networks, and high-end manufacturing industries.We will make substantive progress in developing motor vehicles powered by new energy sources and in integrating telecommunications networks, cable television networks, and the Internet, and accelerate R&D in and application of the Internet of Things.We will also increase investment in and policy support for emerging industries of strategic importance.进一步促进中小企业发展。
We will further promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.一是建立和完善中小企业服务体系。抓紧修订中小企业划分标准，加快中小企业公共服务平台、信息服务网络和小企业创业基地建设，进一步减少、简化行政审批，坚决清理和取消不合理收费。
First, we will set up a sound service system for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will promptly revise the criteria for classifying such enterprises, accelerate the development of a public service platform and an information service network for them and bases for small business startups, continue to reduce and streamline administrative examination and approval procedures, and resolutely sort out fees and eliminate unreasonable ones.二是继续落实财政对中小企业支持政策。中央财政扶持中小企业发展专项资金安排106亿元。对部分小型微利企业实行所得税优惠政策。中央财政预算内技术改造专项投资要覆盖中小企业，地方政府也要加大投入。
Second, we will continue to implement the policy of fiscal support for small and medium-sized enterprises.The central government will allocate 10.6 billion yuan to support their development.A preferential income tax policy for small enterprises with low profits will be implemented.Small and medium-sized enterprises will be eligible to receive money from special funds for technological upgrading in the central budget, and local governments should also increase investment in technological upgrading.三是加强对中小企业的金融支持。完善小企业信贷考核体系。鼓励建立小企业贷款风险补偿基金。中小企业贷款税前全额拨备损失准备金。发展多层次中小企业信用担保体系，落实好对符合条件的中小企业信用担保机构免征营业税、准备金提取和代偿损失在税前扣除的政策。拓宽中小企业融资渠道，切实解决中小企业特别是小企业融资难问题。
Third, we will provide better financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will improve the credit assessment system for small enterprises, and encourage the establishment of a loan risk compensation fund for them.We will allow full tax deductions for loan loss reserves for loans to small and medium-sized enterprises.We will develop a multilevel system of credit guarantees for these enterprises, and implement the policy of exempting business
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
tax for qualified credit guarantee agencies serving them and allow those agencies to exempt withdrawals from reserve funds and compensation for losses from taxation.We will expand channels for small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain financing in order to effectively solve their financing problems, especially those of small enterprises.加快发展服务业。进一步提高服务业发展水平和在国民经济中的比重。大力发展金融、物流、信息、研发、工业设计、商务、节能环保服务等面向生产的服务业，促进服务业与现代制造业有机融合。大力发展市政公用事业、房地产和物业服务、社区服务等面向民生的服务业，加快发展旅游业，积极拓展新型服务领域。农村服务业基础薄弱、发展潜力大，要加快构建和完善以生产销售、科技信息和金融服务为主体的农村生产生活服务体系。加快建立公开平等规范的服务业准入制度，鼓励社会资本进入。进一步完善促进服务业发展的政策，逐步实现国家鼓励类服务业用电、用水、用气、用热与工业基本同价。
We will accelerate the development of the service sector.We will further raise the development level of the service sector and its proportion of the national economy.We will vigorously develop production-oriented service industries, including finance, logistics, information, R&D, industrial design, commerce, energy conservation, and environmental protection services, and promote the intimate integration of service industries with modern manufacturing industries.We will also develop public utilities, real estate, and property management services, community services and other service industries closely related to people's wellbeing.We will accelerate the development of tourism and expand new types of services.In view of the weak foundation and great potential of the service sector in rural areas, we need to accelerate the establishment of a sound system of rural workplace and consumer services, mainly revolving around production, sales, scientific and technological information, and financial services.We will speed up the establishment of an open, fair, and standardized system for licensing service providers and encourage the participation of non-government capital.We will further improve policies for promoting development in the service sector, and gradually lower the electricity, water, gas, and heat rates for service industries encouraged by the state to the same levels charged to industrial enterprises.打好节能减排攻坚战和持久战。
We will strive to conserve energy and reduce emissions.一要以工业、交通、建筑为重点，大力推进节能，提高能源效率。扎实推进十大重点节能工程、千家企业节能行动和节能产品惠民工程，形成全社会节能的良好风尚。今年要新增8000万吨标准煤的节能能力。所有新建、改建、扩建燃煤机组必须同步建成并运行烟气脱硫设施。
First, we will energetically promote energy conservation and raise the efficiency of energy consumption, especially in industry, transportation, and construction.We will make solid progress in the ten major energy conservation projects, the campaign to save energy in 1,000 enterprises, and the project to promote energy-efficient products that benefit the people, and make saving energy a good habit throughout society.We will increase our energy-saving capacity by an equivalent of 80 million tons of standard coal.Every newly built, renovated or expanded coal-fired power generating unit must be equipped with and continuously employ desulphurization equipment.二要加强环境保护。积极推进重点流域区域环境治理及城镇污水垃圾处理、农业面源污染治理、重金属污染综合整治等工作。新增城镇污水日处理能力1500万立方米、垃圾日处理能力6万吨。
Second, we will strengthen environmental protection.We will work to improve the environment in key watersheds and regions, treat urban sewage and garbage, deal with pollution from non-point agricultural sources, and comprehensively clean up heavy metal pollution.In urban areas, the daily sewage treatment capacity will increase by 15 million cubic meters and the daily garbage disposal capacity will grow by 60,000 tons.三要积极发展循环经济和节能环保产业。支持循环经济技术研发、示范推广和能力建设。抓好节能、节水、节地、节材工作。推进矿产资源综合利用、工业废物回收利用、余热余压发电和生活垃圾资源化利用。
Third, we will energetically develop a circular economy and the energy conservation and environmental protection industries.For the circular economy, we will support R&D in technology, demonstrations and applications, and capacity building.We will save energy, water, land and materials.We will comprehensively utilize mineral resources, recycle industrial waste, use by-product heat and pressure to generate electricity, and transform household solid waste into resources.四要积极应对气候变化。大力开发低碳技术，推广高效节能技术，积极发展新能源和可再生能源，加强智能电网建设。加快
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
国土绿化进程，增加森林碳汇，新增造林面积不低于8880万亩。要努力建设以低碳排放为特征的产业体系和消费模式，积极参与应对气候变化国际合作，推动全球应对气候变化取得新进展。
Fourth, we will actively respond to climate change.We will improve our ability to adapt to it and ameliorate its effects.We will work hard to develop low-carbon technologies;promote application of highly efficient, energy-conserving technologies;develop new and renewable energies;and intensify development of smart power grids.We will accelerate afforestation, increase forest carbon sinks and expand our forests by at least 5.92 million hectares.We need to energetically build an industrial system and consumption pattern with low carbon emissions.We will participate in international cooperation to address climate changes and work for further progress in the global fight against climate change.推进区域经济协调发展。继续深入推进西部大开发，全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地，大力促进中部地区崛起，积极支持东部地区率先发展。认真落实促进区域经济社会发展的各项规划和政策。加快推进主体功能区建设。重点抓好西藏和四省藏区、新疆经济社会发展政策的制定和实施工作。加强对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区和贫困地区的支持。实施区域发展总体战略，重在发挥各地比较优势，有针对性地解决各地发展中的突出矛盾和问题；重在扭转区域经济社会发展差距扩大的趋势，增强发展的协调性；重在加快完善公共财政体系，促进基本公共服务均等化。
We will promote balanced economic development between regions.We will continue to develop the western region on a large scale, comprehensively reinvigorate the old industrial bases in northeast China and elsewhere, energize the development of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We will conscientiously implement all plans and policies for promoting regional economic and social development.We will accelerate growth of development priority zones.We will focus on formulating and implementing policies for economic and social development in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces.We will increase support for old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas.When implementing the overall strategy for regional development, we will emphasize exploiting different regions' comparative advantages and making well-targeted efforts to solve major problems arising in the course of development in each region.We will focus on reversing the growing gap in economic and social development between regions, balancing their development better, accelerating the improvement of the public finance system, and snaking access to basic public services more equal.（三）加大统筹城乡发展力度，强化农业农村发展基础
3.Improving the balance between urban and rural development and strengthening the foundation for the development of agriculture and rural areas 在连续6年增产增收之后，更要毫不松懈地抓好“三农”工作。要按照统筹城乡发展的要求，坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全部工作的重中之重，进一步强化强农惠农政策，协调推进工业化、城镇化和农业农村现代化，巩固和发展农业农村好形势。
After six consecutive years of increases in grain output and rural incomes, it is vital we sustain our good work in the areas of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.In accordance with the requirements for balancing urban and rural development, we need to make solving problems faced by agriculture, rural areas, and farmers a top priority in all our work;further strengthen our policies to aid agriculture and benefit farmers;coordinate industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural and rural modernization;and consolidate and build upon the good situation in agriculture and rural areas.促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收。稳定粮食生产，扩大油料种植面积，增加重要紧缺农产品供应，大规模开展粮棉油糖高产创建，大规模开展园艺产品生产和畜牧水产养殖标准化创建，保障“米袋子”、“菜篮子”安全。继续实施对种粮农民直接补贴，增加农资综合补贴、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴，中央财政拟安排补贴资金1335亿元，比上年增加60.4亿元。进一步提高粮食最低收购价，早籼稻、中晚籼稻、粳稻每斤分别提高3分、5分和1毛钱，小麦每斤提高3分钱，继续实施重要农产品临时收储政策，让农民得到更多实惠。加强对产粮大县、养猪大县、养牛大县的财政扶持。大力发展农产品加工业，推进农业产业化经营，支持批发市场和农贸市场升级改造，推动生产与市场对接。促进农民就业创业，多渠道增加农民收入。进一步加大扶贫开发力度。我们要坚持不懈地消除贫困落后，让农民群众早日过上富裕安康的生活。
We will promote the steady development of agriculture and a continuous increase in rural incomes.We will keep grain production stable;expand the total area sown with oilseed;increase supplies of important agricultural products
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
in short supply;implement a large-scale effort to increase the production of grain, cotton, oilseed, and sugar;standardize farming practices in horticulture, animal husbandry, and aquaculture;and ensure the security of the “rice bag”(grain supply)and “vegetable basket”(non-staple food supply).We will continue to provide direct subsidies for grain producers, and increase general subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies and subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties and agricultural machinery and tools.The central government will allocate 133.5 billion yuan for this purpose, a year-on-year increase of 6.04 billion yuan.We will further raise minimum grain purchase prices.The minimum prices of early indica rice, middle-season and late indica rice and japonica rice will be raised by 0.06 yuan, 0.1 yuan and 0.2 yuan per kilogram respectively, and the minimum price of wheat will be raised by 0.06 yuan per kilogram.We will continue to implement the policy of purchasing and temporarily stockpiling major agricultural products and give farmers more tangible benefits.We will increase fiscal support for major grain-producing, pork-producing, and cattle farming counties.We will vigorously develop the processing industry for agricultural products, promote industrialization in agriculture, support the upgrading and renovation of wholesale markets and markets for farm produce, and promote closer linkage between production and the market.We will help rural residents find jobs or start their own businesses, and increase rural incomes through a variety of channels.We will intensify poverty alleviation and development and work tirelessly to eradicate poverty and backwardness so that rural residents can soon live a prosperous and happy life.加强农业基础设施建设。坚持财政支出优先支持农业农村发展，预算内固定资产投资优先投向农业基础设施和农村民生工程，土地出让收益优先用于农业土地开发和农村基础设施建设。中央财政拟安排“三农”投入8183亿元，比上年增加930亿元，地方各级财政也要增加投入。以主产区为重点，全面实施全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设规划。以农田水利为重点，加强农业基础设施建设，加快大中型灌区的配套改造，扩大节水灌溉面积，建设高标准农田，完成大中型和重点小型病险水库除险加固任务。以良种培育为重点，加快农业科技创新和推广，实施好转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项。积极推进现代农业示范区建设。加快建设乡镇和区域性农技推广、动植物疫病防控、农产品质量监管等公共服务机构。
We will strengthen agricultural infrastructure.We will continue to give high priority in government spending to supporting agricultural and rural development.In the budget, our priority for fixed asset investment will be agricultural infrastructure and projects that improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and our priority for use of proceeds from the transfer of land-use rights will be developing agricultural land and building rural infrastructure.The central government plans to allocate 818.3 billion yuan for agriculture, farmers, and rural areas, an increase of 93 billion yuan over last year, and local governments at all levels will also increase their investment.We will comprehensively implement the plan to increase grain production by 50 billion kilograms nationwide, with the emphasis on major grain-producing regions.Focusing on water conservancy, we will improve agricultural infrastructure, accelerate related upgrades of large and mediumsized irrigated areas, expand the area in which water-conserving irrigation methods are used, create high-grade cropland, and finish reinforcing dilapidated large, medium-sized, and key small reservoirs.With the focus on breeding improved crop varieties, we will accelerate innovation in agricultural technology and the widespread adoption of scientific and technological advances, and carry out a major science and technology project to create new crop varieties using gene transfer technology.We will move forward with the construction of modem agriculture demonstration sites.We will accelerate the development of public services for extending agricultural technology, preventing and controlling animal and plant diseases, and providing quality oversight of agricultural products in townships, towns and regions.深化农村改革。毫不动摇地坚持农村基本经营制度，加快完善有关法律法规和政策，现有土地承包关系要保持稳定并长久不变。加强土地承包经营权流转的管理和服务，在依法自愿有偿流转基础上发展多种形式规模经营。继续推进农村综合改革。完善集体林权制度改革配套政策。启动国有林场改革。继续推进草原基本经营制度改革。发展农民专业合作社，提高农业组织化程度。加快培育小型农村金融机构，积极推广农村小额信用贷款，切实改善农村金融服务。深入推进乡镇机构改革。
We will deepen rural reform.We will uphold the basic rural operation system;quickly improve relevant laws, regulations and policies;and maintain existing land contract relationships over the long term.We will strengthen supervision of and services for the transfer of contracted land use rights, and develop diverse large-scale farming operations on the basis of legal, voluntary, and compensated transfers of land-use rights.We will continue to carry out
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
comprehensive rural reform, improve supporting policies for the reform of tenure in collective forests, and launch the reform of state tree farms.We will continue to reform the basic system for the use of grasslands, develop specialized farmer cooperatives, improve the organization of agriculture, more quickly develop small rural financial institutions, actively promote micro-credit loans in rural areas, and improve rural financial services.We will also deepen reforms in township and town government departments.统筹推进城镇化和新农村建设。坚持走中国特色城镇化道路，促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展，着力提高城镇综合承载能力，发挥城市对农村的辐射带动作用，促进城镇化和新农村建设良性互动。壮大县域经济，大力加强县城和中心镇基础设施和环境建设，引导非农产业和农村人口有序向小城镇集聚，鼓励返乡农民工就地创业。城乡建设都要坚持最严格的耕地保护制度和最严格的节约用地制度，切实保护农民合法权益。推进户籍制度改革，放宽中小城市和小城镇落户条件。有计划有步骤地解决好农民工在城镇的就业和生活问题，逐步实现农民工在劳动报酬、子女就学、公共卫生、住房租购以及社会保障方面与城镇居民享有同等待遇。进一步增加农村生产生活设施建设投入，启动新一轮农村电网改造，扩大农村沼气建设规模，今年再解决6000万农村人口的安全饮水问题，实施农村清洁工程，改善农村生产生活条件。我们要让符合条件的农业转移人口逐步变为城镇居民，也要让农民有一个幸福生活的美好家园。
We will balance promoting urbanization and building a new countryside.We will keep to the path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics.We will promote balanced development between towns and large, small and medium-sized cities;increase the overall carrying capacity of cities and towns;ensure that cities stimulate the development of surrounding rural areas;and promote positive interaction between urbanization and the building of a new countryside.We will strengthen county economies, improve infrastructure and environmental protection in county towns and hub towns, guide an orderly flow of nonagricultural industries and rural people to small towns, and encourage returned rural migrant workers to start businesses in their hometowns.When developing urban and rural areas, we must adhere to the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing land use to genuinely safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers.We will carry out reform of the household registration system and relax requirements for household registration in towns and small and medium-sized cities.We will solve employment and living problems rural migrant workers face in cities and towns in a planned and step-by-step manner, and gradually ensure that they receive the same treatment as urban residents in areas such as pay, children's education, healthcare, housing, and social security.We will further increase spending on the development of rural work and living facilities, begin a new round of upgrades of rural power grids, expand the construction of rural methane facilities, provide safe drinking water to another 60 million rural people, carry out the project to build a clean countryside, and improve working and living conditions there.We will allow eligible workers who have left agricultural work to gradually become urban residents, and develop a beautiful rural environment where farmers can live a happy life.（四）全面实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略
4.Fully implementing the strategies of reinvigorating China through science and education and strengthening the nation through human resource development 教育、科技和人才，是国家强盛、民族振兴的基石，也是综合国力的核心。
Education, science, and human resources are the cornerstones of national prosperity and rejuvenation, and are also at the core of overall national strength.优先发展教育事业。强国必先强教。只有一流的教育，才能培养一流人才，建设一流国家。要抓紧启动实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要。着重抓好五个方面：
We will give high priority to the development of education.For a country to become strong, it must first strengthen education.First-class education is a prerequisite for cultivating high-caliber personnel and building a great country.We will promptly begin to implement the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development.We will focus on the following five areas.一是推进教育改革。要解放思想，大胆突破，勇于创新，鼓励试验，对办学体制、教学内容、教育方法、评价制度等进行系统改革。坚持育人为本，大力推进素质教育。探索适应不同类型教育和人才成长的学校管理体制和办学模式，提高办学和人才培养水平。鼓励社会力量兴办教育，满足群众多样化的教育需求。
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
First, we will advance education reform.We need to emancipate our minds, boldly make breakthroughs and innovations, encourage experimentation, and carry out a systematic reform of the system for operating schools, curricula, teaching methods, and evaluation systems.We will continue to give top priority to cultivating the integrity of students and vigorously promote well-rounded education.We will explore systems of school management and ways of providing education that are suitable for different types of education and the development of people with different skills, so that we run schools better and turn out better graduates.We will encourage nongovernmental sectors to run schools in order to meet people's diverse demands for education.二是促进义务教育均衡发展。在合理布局的基础上，加快推进中西部地区初中校舍改造和全国中小学校舍安全工程，尽快使所有学校的校舍、设备和师资达到规定标准。为农村中小学班级配备多媒体远程教学设备，让广大农村和偏远地区的孩子共享优质教育资源。加强学前教育和特殊教育学校建设。加大对少数民族和民族地区教育的支持。
Second, we will promote the balanced development of compulsory education.On the basis of a rational allocation of resources, we will accelerate the renovation of itmior secondary school buildings in the central and western regions.We will also accelerate implementation of the nationwide program for safe primary and secondary school buildings, and engtire that buildings, equipment and teaching staff in all schools reach established standards as soon as possible.We will provide multimedia distance learning facilities for rural primary and secondary schools so that children living in the vast rural and remote areas have access to quality education resources.We will improve preschool education and develop special education schools.We will increase educational support for ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas.三是继续加强职业教育。以就业为目标，整合教育资源，改进教学方式，着力培养学生的就业创业能力。
Third, we will continue to strengthen vocational education.With the goal of helping students find jobs, we will integrate education resources, improve teaching methods;and focus on nurturing students' employability and entrepreneurial abilities.四是推进高等学校管理体制和招生制度改革。进一步落实高等学校办学自主权，鼓励高等学校适应就业和经济社会发展需要，调整专业和课程设置，推动高等学校人才培养、科技创新和学术发展紧密结合，激励教师专注于教育，努力建设有特色、高水平大学。创建若干一流大学，培养杰出人才。中央财政要加大对中西部高等教育发展的支持。
Fourth, we will reform the management and admissions systems of institutions of higher learning.We will give them more decision-making power, encourage them to adjust their majors and curricula to Meet employment needs and the needs of economic and social development;more intimately integrate personnel training;scientific and technological innovation, and academic development;inspire their teachers to concentrate on education;and become high-level universities with their own distinctive features.We will develop a number of first-class universities that produce outstanding personnel.The central government will increase support for the development of higher education in the central and western regions.五是加强教师队伍建设。从多方面采取措施，吸引优秀人才投身教育事业，鼓励他们终身从教。重点加强农村义务教育学校教师和校长培训，鼓励优秀教师到农村贫困地区从教。加强师德教育，增强教师的责任感和使命感。教育寄托着亿万家庭对美好生活的期盼，关系着民族素质和国家未来。不普及和提高教育，国家不可能强盛。这个道理我们要永远铭记。
Fifth, we will improve the ranks of our teachers.We will take a variety of measures to attract outstanding personnel to pursue careers in education and devote their lives to it.We will focus on strengthening training for teachers and principals of rural compulsory education schools, and encourage excellent teachers to teach in impoverished rural areas.We will intensify education to improve the professional ethics of our teachers, and enhance their sense of responsibility and mission.Hundreds of millions of families place their hopes for a better life on education, and education has a direct bearing on the quality of the nation and the future of the country.A country cannot become strong and prosperous if it does not make education universal and improve its quality.We must always keep this in mind.大力发展科学技术。要认真贯彻自主创新的方针，全面推进创新型国家建设，加快实施科技重大专项。着力突破带动技术革命、促进产业振兴的关键科技问题，突破提高健康水平、保障改善民生的重大公益性科技问题，突破增强国际竞争力、维护国家安全的战略高技术问题。前瞻部署生物、纳米、量子调控、信息网络、气候变化、空天海洋等领域基础研究和前沿技术研究。
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
深化科技体制改革，着力解决科技与经济脱节的问题，推动以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系建设，促进科技资源优化配置、开放共享和高效利用。要大力实施知识产权战略，加强知识产权创造、应用和保护。进一步激发广大科技工作者和全社会的创新活力。
We will vigorously develop science and technology.We need to earnestly implement the policy of independent innovation, comprehensively build an innovative country, and accelerate the implementation of our major science and technology programs.We need to concentrate on making breakthroughs in key scientific and technological problems that can drive the technological revolution forward and promote industrial invigoration, in major scientific and technological problems related to public welfare that can improve people's health and the quality of their lives, and in problems in strategic, high-tech fields that can enhance our country's international competitiveness and safeguard our national security.We will make farsighted arrangements for basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies in the fields of biology, nanoscience, quantum control, information networks, climate change, aerospace and oceanography.We will deepen the reform of the system for managing science and technology;strive to bridge the gap between science and technology and the economy;promote the development of a system of technological innovation in which enterprises play the leading role, the market provides orientation, and the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes are integrated;and promote optimal allocation, open sharing, and highly efficient use of scientific and technological resources.We will vigorously implement the strategy for intellectual property rights and strengthen the creation, application and protection of them.We will further arouse the creativity of scientists, engineers and all of society.加快人才资源开发。人才是
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
创新，培育骨干文化企业，生产更多健康向上的文化产品，满足人民群众多样化的文化需求。促进哲学社会科学、广播影视、新闻出版、档案事业发展，繁荣文学艺术创作，加强文物保护。积极开展对外文化交流，增强中华文化国际影响力。大力发展公共体育事业，广泛开展全民健身运动，提高人民的身体素质。中华民族不仅能够创造经济奇迹，也一定能够创造新的文化辉煌。
Over the past year, we vigorously developed non-profit cultural programs, sped up the reform of the cultural management system, improved the system of public cultural services, stimulated the rapid growth of our culture industry, brought prosperity to the culture market, and effectively expanded domestic demand.In the new year, we need to pay greater attention to and vigorously promote cultural progress.We will draw upon and carry forward the fine traditional culture of the Chinese nation, draw on and make use of the achievements of the cultures of other countries, and build a home of spirit shared by the whole Chinese nation.Our government needs to better carry out its responsibility for developing non-profit cultural programs and ensure that the people's basic demands are met and that their rights and interests are protected.We will give high priority to the primary, level, especially rural areas and the central and western regions in developing cultural infrastructure and allocating public cultural resources;make admission to more art galleries, libraries, cultural centers and museums free of charge;and enrich the people's intellectual and cultural lives.We will continue to reform the cultural management system, support non-profit cultural programs, develop the culture industry, encourage cultural innovation, foster leading cultural enterprises, and produce more healthy and inspirational cultural works to meet the diverse cultural needs of our people.We will promote the development of philosophy, the social sciences, radio, television, film, the press, publishing, and archives;make literary and artistic creation flourish;and strengthen the protection of our cultural heritage.We will vigorously develop cultural exchanges with foreign countries, and make Chinese culture more influential internationally.We will energetically develop recreational sports, launch an extensive exercise campaign for the general public, and improve the people's health.The Chinese nation can not only create economic miracles but also make brilliant new cultural achievements.（六）着力保障和改善民生，促进社会和谐进步
6.Vigorously ensuring and improving people's wellbeing, and promoting social harmony and progress 改善民生是经济发展的根本目的。只有着力保障和改善民生，经济发展才有持久的动力，社会进步才有牢固的基础，国家才能长治久安。
Improving people's wellbeing is the fundamental goal of economic development.We can ensure that there is sustained impetus for economic development, a solid foundation for social progress, and lasting stability for the country only by working hard to ensure and improve people's wellbeing.千方百计扩大就业。这是保障和改善民生的头等大事。今年就业形势依然严峻，工作上不能有丝毫松懈。要继续实施积极的就业政策。中央财政拟投入433亿元用于促进就业。重点做好高校毕业生、农民工、就业困难人员就业和退伍转业军人就业安置工作。2009年到期的“五缓四减三补贴”就业扶持政策延长一年。加强政策支持和就业指导，鼓励高校毕业生到城乡基层、中西部地区和中小企业就业；拓宽就业、择业、创业渠道，鼓励自主创业、自谋职业等多种形式的灵活就业，以创业带动就业。建立健全公共投资带动就业的机制。继续加强职业技能培训，重点提高农民工和城乡新增劳动力的就业能力。完善就业服务体系，健全劳动力输出输入地区协调协作机制，引导劳动力特别是农民工有序流动。加快建立统一规范的人力资源市场。维护劳动者合法权益，构建和谐的劳动关系。我们要通过持之以恒的努力，创造更多的就业机会，让广大劳动者各尽所能、各得其所。
We will do everything in our power to increase employment.This is the top priority in our work of ensuring and improving people's wellbeing.This year the employment situation will still be serious, and we cannot slacken our efforts in the slightest.We need to continue to implement a proactive employment policy.The central government will allocate 43.3 billion yuan to stimulate employment.Emphasis will be given to helping college graduates, rural migrant workers, people experiencing employment difficulty, and demobilized military personnel find jobs.The “five-four-three” employment support policies, originally scheduled to expire in 2009, will be extended for another year.[These policies allow qualified enterprises to postpone their payments of five types of social security contributions;reduce urban workers' contributions to four types of insurance funds, namely medical insurance, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, and maternity insurance;and continue three types of subsidized，
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
enterprise-based job training programs.Tr.] We will increase policy support and employment guidance to encourage college graduates to take community-level jobs in urban and rural areas, and jobs in the central and western regions and in small and medium-sized enterprises.We will expand channels for seeking employment and starting businesses.We will encourage different forms of flexible employment, including starting businesses and finding jobs independently.We will also encourage job growth through the creation of new businesses.We will establish a sound mechanism for stimulating employment through public investment.We will continue to strengthen vocational training, with the focus on increasing the employability of rural migrant workers and new members of the workforce in urban and rural areas.We will improve the employment services system, strengthen coordination and cooperation between labor-exporting and labor-importing regions, and guide workers in an orderly flow, especially rural migrant workers.We will accelerate the development of a unified and standardized human resources market.We will safeguard the lawful rights and interests of workers and establish harmonious labor relations.We will work tirelessly to create more job opportunities and to enable workers to tap their full potential and find suitable jobs.加快完善覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系。扎实推进新型农村社会养老保险试点，试点范围扩大到23%的县。加快解决未参保集体企业退休人员基本养老保障等遗留问题。将全国130万“老工伤”人员全部纳入工伤保险范围。积极推进农民工参加社会保险。加强城乡低保工作，切实做到动态管理、应保尽保。加强残疾人社会保障和服务体系建设，进一步落实好扶残助残的各项政策，为他们平等参与社会生活创造更好的环境。企业退休人员基本养老金今年再提高10%。各级政府要进一步增加社会保障投入，中央财政拟安排3185亿元。要多渠道增加全国社会保障基金，加强监管，实现保值增值。我们要加快构建更加完善的社会保障安全网，使人民生活有基本保障、无后顾之忧。
We will move faster to improve the social security system for both urban and rural residents.We will move steadily forward with the pilot program for a new old-age insurance system for rural residents by expanding it to 23% of the country's counties.We will act more quickly to solve longstanding problems, including the lack of basic old-age pensions for retirees of collectively owned enterprises that do not participate in group pension programs.Workers: compensation will be extended to all of the 1.3 million workers injured previous jobs who are not receiving benefits.We will work to extend coverage of social security to rural migrant workers.We will strengthen our work concerning subsistence allowances in both urban and rural areas, and ensure that it is managed in a manner that reflects changing conditions and that everyone who is entitled to such allowances receives them.We will work harder to build the social security and social services system for people with a disability, further implement policies for assisting and supporting them, and create a better environment for them to participate in social activities on an equal footing.We will increase basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees by 10%.Governments at all levels need to spend more on social security, and the central government will appropriate 318.5 billion yuan for this purpose.We will increase the country's social security funds through multiple channels and strengthen oversight and supervision to maintain and increase their value.We will move faster to build a better social safety net to provide basic security to people and free them from worries.改革收入分配制度。合理的收入分配制度是社会公平正义的重要体现。我们不仅要通过发展经济，把社会财富这个“蛋糕”做大，也要通过合理的收入分配制度把“蛋糕”分好。要坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度，兼顾效率与公平，走共同富裕的道路。
We will reform the income distribution system.A rational income distribution system is an important manifestation of social fairness and justice.We will not only make the “pie” of social wealth bigger by developing the economy, but also distribute it well on the basis of a rational income distribution system.We need to uphold and improve the system in which distribution according to work is dominant and multiple forms of distribution coexist, give due consideration to efficiency and fairness, and take the path to common prosperity.一要抓紧制定调整国民收入分配格局的政策措施，逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。加大财政、税收在收入初次分配和再分配中的调节作用。创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入。
First, we will promptly formulate policies and measures to adjust the distribution of national income, and gradually increase the proportion, of income individuals receive from the distribution of national income and the proportion of the primary distribution of income that goes to wages and salaries.We will strengthen the role of fiscal and taxation policies in adjusting the primary and secondary distribution of income.We will create conditions for
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
more people to earn income from property.二要深化垄断行业收入分配制度改革。完善对垄断行业工资总额和工资水平的双重调控政策。严格规范国有企业、金融机构经营管理人员特别是高管的收入，完善监管办法。
Second, we will deepen the reform of the income distribution system of monopoly industries.We will improve the policy of dual control over total payroll and wage scales in these industries.We will set strict standards for the income of executives, especially senior ones, of state-owned enterprises and financial institutions, and improve related oversight and supervision rules.三要进一步规范收入分配秩序。坚决打击取缔非法收入，规范灰色收入，逐步形成公开透明、公正合理的收入分配秩序，坚决扭转收入差距扩大的趋势。
Third, we will further standardize the pattern of income distribution.We will firmly crack down on and ban illegal income;regulate off-the-books income;gradually form a transparent, fair and rational pattern of income distribution;and resolutely reverse the widening income gap.促进房地产市场平稳健康发展。要坚决遏制部分城市房价过快上涨势头，满足人民群众的基本住房需求。
We will promote the steady and sound development of the real estate market.We will resolutely curb the precipitous rise of housing prices in some cities and satisfy people's basic need for housing.一是继续大规模实施保障性安居工程。中央财政拟安排保障性住房专项补助资金632亿元，比上年增加81亿元。建设保障性住房300万套，各类棚户区改造住房280万套。扩大农村危房改造试点范围。各级政府要切实负起责任，严格执行建设计划，确保土地、资金和优惠政策落实到位。
First, we will continue to carry out low-income housing projects on a large scale.The central government will allocate 63.2 billion yuan for low-income housing, an increase of 8.1 billion yuan over last year.We will build 3 million housing units for low-income families and renovate 2 8 million housing units in run-down areas.We will expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas.Governments at all levels must genuinely take responsibility to ensure that the annual construction plan is strictly carried out and that policies concerning land, funding, and preferential treatment are implemented well.二是继续支持居民自住性住房消费。增加中低价位、中小套型普通商品房用地供应，加快普通商品房项目审批和建设进度。规范发展二手房市场，倡导住房租赁消费。盘活住房租赁市场。
Second, we will continue to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.We will increase the land supply for building small and medium-sized condominiums to be sold at low and medium price levels, and expedite the approval procedure for and construction of such housing projects.We will standardize and develop the market for used homes, encourage home renting, and stimulate rental housing market.三是抑制投机性购房。加大差别化信贷、税收政策执行力度。完善商品房预售制度。
Third, we will rein in speculative housing purchases.We will intensify the implementation of differentiated credit and tax policies.We will improve the advance purchase system for commodity housing.四是大力整顿和规范房地产市场秩序。完善土地收入管理使用办法，抑制土地价格过快上涨。加大对圈地不建、捂盘惜售、哄抬房价等违法违规行为的查处力度。
Fourth, we will work to rectify and standardize the real estate market.We will improve the methods for managing and using income from land, and keep land prices from rising too fast.We will make greater efforts to deal with violations of laws and regulations such as keeping land unused, property hoarding, and price rigging.加快推进医药卫生事业改革发展。积极稳妥推进医药卫生体制改革，全面落实五项重点工作。继续扩大基本医疗保障覆盖面。今年要把城镇居民基本医保和新农合的财政补助标准提高到120元，比上年增长50%，并适当提高个人缴费标准。开展农村儿童白血病、先天性心脏病医疗保障试点，尽力为这些不幸的儿童和家庭提供更多帮助。在60％政府举办的基层医疗卫生机构实施基本药物制度，其他医疗机构也要优先选用基本药物。推进基本药物集中采购和统一配送。基本完成城乡基层医疗卫生机构建设规划，大规模开展适宜人才培养和培训。进一步完善支持村卫生室建设和乡村医生发展的政策措施。完善基层医疗卫生机构补偿机制，落实岗位绩效工资。开展社区首诊试点，推动形成基层医疗卫生机构和医院功能区分合理、协作配合、互相转诊的服务体系。切实加强甲型H1N1流感等重大传染病防控和慢性病、职业病、地方病防治，提高突发公共卫生事件应急处置能力。开展公立医院改革试点，坚持基本医疗的公益性方向，创新体制机制，充分调动医务人员积极性，提高服务质量，控制医疗费
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
用，改善医患关系。大力支持社会资本兴办医疗卫生机构，在服务准入、医保定点等方面一视同仁。扶持和促进中医药、民族医药事业发展。医药卫生事业改革发展关系人民身体健康和家庭幸福，我们要克服一切困难，把这个世界性难题解决好。
We will accelerate the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields.We will actively yet prudently carry forward the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, and comprehensively accomplish five key tasks.We will continue to expand the coverage of guaranteed basic medical care.This year we will raise government subsidies on basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and on the new type of rural cooperative medical care system to 120 yuan per person per year, up 50% over last year, and appropriately increase rates for individual contributions.We will carry out a pilot program for ensuring that rural children with leukemia or congenital heart disease receive medical treatment and provide more assistance to these less fortunate children and their families.We will install the basic drug system in 60% of community medical institutions and urge other medical institutions to give high priority to the use of basic drugs.We will promote the centralized purchase and unified distribution of basic drugs.We will basically complete the plan for building community medical institutions in urban and rural areas, undertake personnel education and training on a large scale, and further improve the policies and measures for supporting the development of village clinics and rural doctors.We will improve the mechanism for subsidizing community medical institutions and link salaries to performance.We will carry out a pilot program for making community medical institutions the first option in medical treatment and work to create a service system in which hospitals and community medical institutions(each with its own well-defined functions)coordinate and collaborate with each other and refer cases to each other.We will strengthen prevention and control of influenza A(H1N1)and other major communicable diseases as well as chronic, occupational, and endemic diseases, and enhance our ability to handle public health emergencies.We will carry out a pilot reform of public hospitals;maintain the non profit nature of bask medical services;make institutional and procedural innovations;boost the morale of medical workers;raise the quality of service;control medical costs;and improve relations between medical service providers and consumers.We will energetically support the use of non-government capital to run medical and healthcare institutions, and such institutions will be treated the same as public hospitals in obtaining operating licenses and providing medical services covered by the public medical insurance system.We will support and promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicines of ethnic minorities.The reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields affects the health of the people and the happiness of their families;therefore, we must overcome all difficulties and solve this universal problem.做好人口和计划生育工作。继续稳定低生育水平。做好流动人口计划生育服务工作。落实好农村妇女妇科疾病定期检查和住院分娩补助政策。加强出生缺陷干预，开展免费孕前优生健康检查试点，做好孕产妇和婴幼儿保健工作。继续实施农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度和西部地区少生快富工程。切实保护好妇女和未成年人权益。加强应对人口老龄化战略研究，加快建立健全养老社会服务体系，让老年人安享晚年生活。
We will do a good job in population and family planning work.We will continue to maintain a low birthrate.We will provide good family planning services for the floating population.We will provide regular gynecological examinations and subsidize hospital childbirths for rural women.We will strengthen intervention in birth defects;carry out a pilot program of free pre-pregnancy checkups;and provide quality health services for infants, pre-school children, and prenatal and nursing women.We will continue to reward and support eligible rural families that comply with family planning regulations, and carry out the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in the western region.We will take effective measures to protect the rights and interests of women and minors.We will intensify strategic research on coping with an aging population and move more quickly to create a sound system of old-age services so that people can live a happy life in their old age.（七）坚定不移推进改革，进一步扩大开放
7.Firmly advancing reform and further expanding opening up 今年要继续深化重点领域和关键环节改革，努力实现新的突破。
This year we will continue to deepen reform in key areas and crucial links and work hard to achieve new breakthroughs.
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
我们要继续推进国有经济布局和结构战略性调整。加快大型国有企业特别是中央企业母公司的公司制改革，实现产权多元化，完善法人治理结构。加快推进垄断性行业改革，推进公用事业改革，切实放宽市场准入，积极引入竞争机制。着力营造多种所有制经济公平竞争的市场环境，更好地促进非公有制经济发展。
We will continue to make strategic adjustments in the distribution and structure of the state-owned sector.We will speed up the reform to introduce the corporate system in large state-owned enterprises, especially parent companies of enterprises under the central government, and we will diversify their ownership and improve their corporate governance.We will accelerate the reform of monopoly industries;promote reforms in public utilities;effectively expand market access;and actively introduce competitive mechanisms.We will create a market environment for fair competition among economic entities under diverse forms of ownership and facilitate stronger growth of the non-public sector.深化资源性产品价格和环保收费改革，作为节约能源资源、保护环境、实现可持续发展的重要举措。要扩大用电大户与发电企业直接交易试点，推行居民用电用水阶梯价格制度，健全可再生能源发电定价和费用分摊机制。完善农业用水价格政策。改革污水处理、垃圾处理收费制度。扩大排污权交易试点。在推进这些改革中要注意协调好各方面利益关系，决不能让低收入群众的基本生活受到影响。
We will deepen the reform of prices for resource products and environmental protection charges.This is an important measure for conserving energy and resources, protecting the environment, and achieving sustainable development.We will expand the trial of direct transactions between major electricity consumers and producers;introduce tiered prices for household consumption of electricity and water;and improve the mechanism of price setting and cost sharing for electricity generated from renewable energy.We will improve the pricing policy for water used in apiculture.We will reform the system of sewage and garbage treatment charges.We will expand the trial of pollution rights trading.While pushing forward these reforms, we will balance the interests of different parties and ensure that the basic living conditions of people with low incomes are not adversely affected.要继续推进财税体制改革。健全公共财政体系。完善财政转移支付制度，加大一般性转移支付，增强地方政府提供基本公共服务的能力。健全省以下财政管理体制，完善县级基本财力保障机制，推进省直管县财政管理方式改革。全面编制中央和地方政府性基金预算，试编社会保险基金预算，完善国有资本经营预算制度。继续做好增值税转型工作。推进资源税改革。统一内外资企业和个人城建税、教育费附加制度。
We will continue to reform the fiscal and taxation systems.We will strengthen the public finance system.We will improve the system of transfer payments, increase general transfer payments, and enhance the ability of local governments to provide basic public services.We will strengthen the fiscal management system at and below the provincial level, set up a mechanism to ensure basic funding for county governments, and carry forward reforms that place county finances directly under the management of provincial governments.We will draw up budgets for all funds controlled by central and local governments, prepare budgets for social security funds on a trial basis, and improve the budget system for the use of state capital.We will continue to make progress in VAT reform.We will carry forward the reform of resource taxes.We will extend the urban construction and maintenance tax and education surcharges to foreign enterprises and nationals.健全金融体系是应对国际金融危机冲击的重要举措。要继续完善国有控股金融机构公司治理，改善经营管理机制，提高风险管控能力。继续推动政策性金融机构改革。稳步推进资产管理公司转型。深化农村信用社改革。推动中小金融机构规范发展。大力发展金融市场，鼓励金融创新。推进跨境贸易人民币结算试点，逐步发展境外人民币金融业务。推进存款保险制度建设。加快发展农业保险。
Improving the financial system is an important measure for countering the impact of the global financial crisis.We will continue to improve corporate governance in financial institutions in which the state holds a controlling stake, improve their business management, and raise their ability to manage and control risks.We will continue the reform of policy-based financial institutions.We will steadily promote the transformation of asset management companies.We will deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives.We will promote orderly development of small and medium-sized financial institutions.We will vigorously develop the financial market and encourage financial innovation.We will promote pilot projects for the use of the renminbi in cross-border trade, and gradually develop overseas financial
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activities using the renminbi.We will continue building the deposit insurance system.We will speed up the development of agricultural insurance.要按照政事分开、事企分开和管办分离的要求，在科学分类的基础上，积极稳妥推进事业单位改革。
We will actively yet prudently push forward the reform of institutions on the basis of scientific classifications and in accordance with the requirements that government and business functions be spun off from institutions, and that supervision be separated from day-to-day operations.我们的改革是全面的改革，包括经济体制改革、政治体制改革以及其他各领域的改革。没有政治体制改革，经济体制改革和现代化建设就不可能成功。要发展社会主义民主，切实保障人民当家作主的民主权利，特别是选举权、知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权。进一步扩大基层民主，健全基层自治组织和民主管理制度，让广大群众更好地参与管理基层公共事务。要坚持依法治国、依法行政。进一步健全法制，特别要重视那些规范和监督权力运行的法律制度建设。创新政府立法工作的方法和机制，扩大立法工作的公众参与。
The reforms we are undertaking, including economic and political restructuring and reforms in other areas, are comprehensive.Without political restructuring, it would not be possible for economic restructuring and the modernization drive to succeed.We will develop socialist democracy, and effectively safeguard the democratic rights of the people as masters of the country, particularly their rights to vote and to stay informed about, participate and in, express views on, and oversee government affairs.We will further expand primary-level democracy, strengthen primary-level self-governing bodies, and improve the system of democratic administration at the primary level so that the people can better participate in the management of local public affairs.We will uphold the rule of law and continue to run the government in accordance with the law.We will further improve the legal system, particularly laws concerning the standardization and oversight of the exercise of power.We will innovatively revise the methods and mechanisms of the government's legislative Work and expand public participation in it.我们要全面适应国际形势变化和国内发展要求，拓展对外开放的广度和深度。
We will fully adapt to changes in the international situation, meet the needs of domestic development, and expand the breadth and depth of opening up.稳定发展对外贸易。今年的主要着力点是拓市场、调结构、促平衡。坚持实施市场多元化战略和以质取胜战略，落实和完善出口退税、出口信贷、出口信用保险等各项政策措施，继续改善海关、质检、外汇等方面的服务。巩固传统市场，大力开拓新兴市场。优化出口产品结构，稳定劳动密集型产品出口，扩大机电产品和高新技术产品出口，大力发展服务贸易和服务外包，努力培育出口品牌和营销网络，继续严格控制“两高一资”产品出口。积极推进加工贸易转型升级。促进进出口平衡发展，重点扩大先进技术装备、关键零部件和国内紧缺物资进口，稳定各项进口促进政策和便利化措施，敦促发达国家放宽高新技术产品出口限制。
We will steadily develop foreign trade.This year the main focus is on opening new markets and adjusting the foreign trade.We will adhere to the strategy of diversifying markets and the strategy of competing on quality;implement and improve policies and measures on export tax rebates, export credit, and export credit insurance;and continue to improve services related to customs, quality inspection, and foreign exchange.We will strengthen traditional markets and vigorously develop new markets.We will improve the export mix;stabilize exports of labor-intensive products;increase exports of electromechanical products as well as new-and high-technology products;energetically develop trade in services and service outsourcing;strive to cultivate exports of brand-name products and develop marketing networks and continue to strictly limit exports of resource products and products whose production consumes large quantities of energy and resources or is highly polluting.We will vigorously promote the transformation and upgrading of the processing trade.We will promote the balanced development of imports and exports;focus on increasing imports of advanced technology and equipment, key spare parts, and goods in short supply domestically;keep all policies and measures for promoting and facilitating imports stable;and urge developed countries to ease export restrictions on new-and high-technology products to China.推动利用外资和对外投资协调发展。优化利用外资结构，鼓励外资投向高端制造业、高新技术产业、现代服务业、新能源和节能环保产业，鼓励跨国公司在华设立地区总部等各类功能性机构，鼓励中外企业加强研发合作。鼓励外资参与国内企业改组改造和兼并重组，加快建立外资并购安全审查制度。促进“引资”与“引智”相结合。引导外资向中西部地区转移和增加投资。
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加快实施“走出去”战略，鼓励符合国外市场需求的行业有序向境外转移产能，支持有条件的企业开展海外并购，深化境外资源互利合作，提高对外承包工程和劳务合作的质量。进一步简化各类审批手续，落实企业境外投资自主权。“走出去”的企业要依法经营，规避风险，防止恶性竞争，维护国家整体利益和良好形象。
We will promote coordination between using other countries' investment in China and making Chinese investment overseas.We will optimize the utilization of foreign investment;encourage more foreign investment in high-end manufacturing, new-and high-technology industries, modern service industries, and the new energy, energy-conservation and environmental protection industries;encourage multinational corporations to set up regional headquarters and other functional agencies in China;and encourage Chinese and foreign enterprises to strengthen cooperation in MD.We will encourage the use of foreign investment for restructuring, upgrading, merging, and reorganizing Chinese companies, and quickly establish a security review system for mergers and acquisitions involving foreign investment.We will work to attract both investment and talent from overseas.We will guide foreign investors to transfer and increase their investments to the central and western regions.We will accelerate the implementation of the “go global” strategy;encourage Chinese industries whose products are in demand in foreign markets to transfer their production capacity overseas in an orderly manner;support qualified enterprises to carry out overseas mergers and acquisitions;deepen mutually beneficial cooperation concerning foreign resources;and improve the quality of overseas contracted projects and labor service cooperation.We will further simplify examination and approval procedures, and give enterprises decision-making power over their overseas investments.Enterprises that have “gone global” should operate in accordance with the law, avoid risks, prevent vicious competition, and safeguard the country's overall interests and good image.深化多边双边经贸合作。加强和改善与发达国家的经贸关系，深化与发展中国家的互利合作，认真落实中非务实合作八项新举措。发挥经济高层对话和双边经贸联委会作用。加快自由贸易区建设步伐。积极参与多哈回合谈判，推动早日达成更加合理、平衡的谈判结果。反对各种形式的保护主义，妥善处理贸易摩擦。
We will deepen multilateral and bilateral business cooperation.We will strengthen and improve business ties with developed countries, deepen mutually beneficial cooperation with other developing countries, and conscientiously implement the eight new policy measures for China's pragmatic cooperation with African countries.We will make full use of the role of high-level economic dialogue and bilateral economic and trade joint commissions.We will quicken the pace of establishing free trade zones.We will actively 'participate in the Doha round of trade talks to reach a more reasonable and balanced outcome as early as possible.We will oppose protectionism in all forms and properly handle trade frictions.上海世博会即将拉开帷幕。要加强与各参展国家、地区和国际组织的合作，把上海世博会办成一届成功、精彩、难忘的盛会，办成一届促进人类文明进步，促进科技创新，促进我国与世界各国交流合作、共同发展的盛会。
The Shanghai World Expo will open soon.We will strengthen cooperation with all participating countries, regions, and international organizations to make the Expo a successful, spectacular, and unforgettable event, and one that promotes the progress of human civilization, scientific and technological innovation, and exchanges and cooperation between, and common development of China and other countries of the world.（八）努力建设人民满意的服务型政府
8.Working hard to build a service-oriented government that the people are satisfied with 一年来，政府自身改革和建设取得新进展。为应对各种困难，我们特别注意发扬民主、倾听基层群众意见，重视维护群众利益。广大公务员兢兢业业、勤勉尽责，为保增长、保民生、保稳定作出了积极贡献。但是政府工作与人民的期望还有较大差距。职能转变不到位，对微观经济干预过多，社会管理和公共服务比较薄弱；一些工作人员依法行政意识不强；一些领导干部脱离群众、脱离实际，形式主义、官僚主义严重；一些领域腐败现象易发多发。我们要以转变职能为核心，深化行政管理体制改革，大力推进服务型政府建设，努力为各类市场主体创造公平的发展环境，为人民群众提供良好的公共服务，维护社会公平正义。
Over the past year, new progress was made in government self-reform and self-development.To deal with difficulties of all kinds, we paid particular attention to promoting democracy, listening to the opinions of the masses, and protecting their interests.Our civil servants are devoted, diligent and responsible, and they made positive contributions to sustaining economic growth and ensuring people's well-being and maintaining stability.Nevertheless，
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the government's work still fell considerably short of public expectations.The transformation of government functions is incomplete;there is too much government interference in the micro-economy, and public administration and services are relatively weak.Some government employees give too little consideration to carrying out their official duties in accordance with the law;some leading cadres are divorced from reality and the masses, and are excessively formalistic and bureaucratic;and some areas are prone to corruption.With the focus on transforming government functions, we will deepen reform of the administrative system, work hard to make the government devoted to service, strive to create a fair development environment for all types of market entities, deliver quality public services to the masses, and uphold social fairness and justice.我们要全面正确履行政府职能，更加重视公共服务和社会管理。加快健全覆盖全民的公共服务体系，全面增强基本公共服务能力。健全重大自然灾害、突发公共安全事件应急处理机制。加强防灾减灾能力建设。加强食品药品质量监管，做好安全生产工作，遏制重特大事故发生。
We will fully and properly perform government functions and attach greater importance to public services and administration.We will quickly improve the public service system with full coverage for all, and comprehensively improve our ability to provide basic public services.We will improve the mechanisms for responding to major natural disasters and emergencies that threaten public safety.We will improve our ability to prevent and mitigate natural disasters.We will strengthen the oversight and supervision of food and drug quality.We will ensure workplace safety and reduce the occurrence of major accidents.要适应新形势，推进社会管理体制改革和创新，合理调节社会利益关系。认真解决企业改制、征地拆迁、环境保护、劳动争议、涉法涉诉等领域损害群众利益的突出问题，保障人民群众的合法权益。加强和改进信访工作。改善流动人口管理和服务。加强社会治安综合治理，着力解决突出治安问题，防范和依法严厉打击各类违法犯罪活动，维护国家安全和社会稳定。
We need to adapt to new circumstances, promote reform and innovation in the public administration system, and properly adjust the relationships between different interests.We will earnestly deal with serious infringements on the interests of the people related to conversion of enterprises to a stockholding system, land expropriation, housing demolition and resident relocation, environmental protection, labor disputes, and legal and litigation issues in order to safeguard the people's lawful rights and interests.We will improve the handling of public complaints lodged via letters or visits.We will improve supervision of and services for the floating population.We will strengthen all facets of public security, focus on resolving serious public security issues, and guard against and severely crack down on crimes of all sorts in accordance with the law in order to safeguard national security and social stability.要努力提高执行力和公信力。坚持决策的科学化、民主化，使各项政策更加符合实际、经得起检验。加强对政策执行情况的检查监督，做到令行禁止。强化行政问责，对失职渎职、不作为和乱作为的，要严肃追究责任。各地区、各部门对中央的决策部署要执行有力，绝不允许各自为政。各级行政机关及其公务员要自觉遵守宪法和法律，严格依法行政。切实改进行政执法工作，努力做到规范执法、公正执法、文明执法。加快建立健全决策、执行、监督相互制约又相互协调的行政运行机制。
We will work hard to improve our executive ability and earn greater public trust.We will continue to make decision making more scientific and democratic, and ensure that all of our policies are more suitable to conditions and can stand the test of time.We will strengthen inspection and oversight of policy implementation and ensure that all orders are carried out and all prohibitions are observed.We will strengthen administrative accountability.All persons who are derelict in their duty, fail to do their jobs or do them irresponsibly will be held fully accountable.All localities and departments must implement the decisions and arrangements of the central leadership effectively, and they may never go their own way.Government agencies at all levels and their civil servants must conscientiously abide by the Constitution and laws and carry out their administrative duties in strict accordance with the law.We will effectively improve law enforcement in government administration and work to ensure that laws are enforced in a standard, fair and civil manner.We will accelerate the establishment of a sound operating mechanism for government administration, one that allows decision making, enforcement, and oversight departments to restrain and coordinate with each other.要把反腐倡廉建设摆在重要位置，这直接关系政权的巩固。各级领导干部特别是高级干部要坚决执行中央关于报告个人经济和财产，包括收入、住房、投资，以及配偶子女从业等重大事项的规定，并自觉接受纪检部门的监督。要把查处违法违纪大案要案，作为反腐败的重要任务。充分发挥监察、审计部门的作用，加强对行政权力运行的监督。要建立健全惩治和预防腐败体
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系的各项制度，特别要健全公共资源配置、公共资产交易、公共产品生产等领域的管理制度，增强制度约束力。要坚持勤俭行政，反对铺张浪费，不断降低行政成本。严格控制楼堂馆所建设，禁止高档装修办公楼，加快公务接待、公车使用等制度改革，从严控制公费出国出境。切实精简会议和文件，特别要减少那些形式重于内容的会议、庆典和论坛。要深入推进政务公开，完善各类公开办事制度和行政复议制度，创造条件让人民批评政府、监督政府，同时充分发挥新闻舆论的监督作用，让权力在阳光下运行。
We will give high priority to fighting corruption and encouraging integrity.This has a direct bearing on the firmness of our grip on political power.Leading cadres at all levels, especially high-ranking ones, must resolutely implement the central leadership's regulations on reporting the main facts concerning their personal financial situations and property, including their incomes, housing and investments, as well as the jobs of their spouses and children, and willingly accept the oversight of departments for discipline inspection.We will make investigating and prosecuting major violations of the law and discipline an important task in the fight against corruption.We will get supervision and auditing departments to fully play their role in strengthening oversight of the exercise of administrative power.We will create a sound body of regulations to prevent and punish corruption, particularly administrative regulations concerning the allocation of public resources, trade in public assets, and the production of public goods, and we will also enhance their binding force.We will run the government diligently and frugally, oppose extravagance and waste, and constantly reduce administrative costs.We will strictly control the construction of office buildings for Party and government bodies, prohibit extravagant remodeling of their office buildings, accelerate the reform of regulations concerning official receptions and the use of official cars, and firmly restrict the use of public funds for traveling abroad.We will effectively reduce the number of meetings and documents, particularly meetings, celebrations, and forums that are long on form and short on content.We will promote transparency of administrative affairs, improve regulations for transparent governance and administrative review, create conditions for the people to criticize and oversee the government, let the news media fully play their oversight role, and exercise power openly.我们所做的一切都是要让人民生活得更加幸福、更有尊严，让社会更加公正、更加和谐。
Everything we do we do to ensure that the people live a happier life with more dignity and to make our society fairer and more harmonious.各位代表！
Fellow Deputies, 促进民族团结，实现共同进步，是中华民族的生命、力量和希望所在。要巩固和发展平等、团结、互助、和谐的社会主义民族关系。认真落实中央支持少数民族和民族地区发展的政策措施，优先支持边疆民族地区加快发展。加快完成边境一线地区危旧房改造，实施游牧民定居工程。新型农村社会养老保险要优先在边境县、民族地区贫困县试点。加大扶持人口较少民族发展力度。继续推进兴边富民行动。重视保护少数民族文化遗产和民族地区生态环境。切实做好少数民族流动人口公共服务、就业和管理工作，保障他们的合法权益。同时，加强国家意识、公民意识教育。我们要旗帜鲜明地反对民族分裂，维护祖国统一，让少数民族和民族地区各族群众充分感受到祖国大家庭的温暖。
The Chinese nation's life, strength and hope lie in promoting solidarity achieving common progress of our ethnic groups.We must consolidate and develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony.We will conscientiously implement the policies and measures of the central leadership to support development of ethic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and give high priority to supporting acceleration of the development of ethnic minority border areas.We will accelerate renovation of dilapidated buildings along our borders, and build permanent housing for nomads.Pilot programs for the new system of old-age insurance for rural residents need to be launched first in border counties and poverty-stricken counties in ethnic minority areas, will increase our support for the development of ethnic groups with small populations.We will continue to bring prosperity to border areas and the people who live there.We will give high priority to protecting the cultural heritage of ethnic minorities and the ecosystems in ethnic minority areas.We will do a good job in our work concerning public services and employment for and supervision of floating populations from ethnic minorities, and protect their lawful rights and interests.In addition, we will cultivate national consciousness and the sense of citizenship.We need to take a clear-cut
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stand against attempts to split the nation, safeguard national unity, and get ethnic minorities and the people of all ethnic groups who live in ethnic minority areas to feel the warmth of the motherland as one large family.我们要全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针，依法管理宗教事务。发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济发展和社会和谐中的积极作用。
We will fully implement the Party's basic policies on religious work, and manage religious affairs in accordance with the law.We will get religious figures and religious believers to fully play their role in promoting economic development and social harmony.我们要认真贯彻党的侨务政策。维护海外侨胞、归侨侨眷的合法权益，支持他们传承中华文化，参与祖国现代化建设和促进和平统一大业。
We will earnestly implement the Party's policy on overseas Chinese affairs.We will safeguard the lawful rights and interests of overseas Chinese and returned overseas Chinese and their relatives, and support them in passing on Chinese culture, participating in the motherland's modernization, and promoting the great cause of peaceful reunification.各位代表！
Fellow Deputies, 过去一年，国防和军队现代化建设取得新的成就。人民解放军和武警部队圆满完成国庆首都阅兵、重点地区维稳等重大任务，为维护国家安全和发展利益发挥了重要作用。新的一年，要紧紧围绕党和国家工作大局，着眼全面履行新世纪新阶段军队历史使命，按照革命化现代化正规化相统一的原则，加强军队全面建设。以增强打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心，提高应对多种安全威胁、完成多样化军事任务的能力。大力加强军队思想政治建设。加快全面建设现代后勤步伐。加强国防科研和武器装备建设。依法治军、从严治军，提高军队正规化水平。积极稳妥地深化国防和军队改革。加强武警部队现代化建设，增强执勤、处置突发事件、反恐、维稳能力。加强国防动员和后备力量建设。各级政府要一如既往地关心支持国防和军队建设，巩固和发展军政军民团结。
Last year further achievements were made in the modernization of national defense mid the People's Liberation Army(PLA).The PLA and the People's Armed Police Force completed the major tasks of staging the National Day military parade in the capital and safeguarding stability in key areas, and played an important role in safeguarding the country's security and development interests.This year, we need to focus on the overall work of the Party and government and strengthen all aspects of the army in accordance with the principle of making it more revolutionary, modem, and standardized, so that it can complete its missions in this new stage and this new century.We will concentrate on making the army better able to win informationized local wars, and will enhance its ability to respond to multiple security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks.We will work to strengthen the army ideologically and politically.We will accelerate the comprehensive development of a modem military logistics system.We will intensify R&D on national defense and the development of weapons and equipment.We will run the army strictly and in accordance with the law and make it more standardized.We will actively yet prudently deepen reform of national defense and the army.We will modernize improve the armed police force, and make it better able to carry out its duties, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will strengthen our national defense mobilization and reserve forces.Governments at all levels should, as always, care about and support the strengthening of national defense and the army, and consolidate and develop unity between the army and the government as well as between the army and the people.各位代表！
Fellow Deputies, 我们将坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，全力支持香港、澳门保持长期繁荣稳定。支持香港巩固并提升国际金融、贸易、航运中心地位，发展优势产业，培育新的经济增长点。支持澳门发展旅游休闲产业，促进经济适度多元化。要认真实施珠江三角洲地区改革发展规划纲要，积极推进港珠澳大桥等大型跨境基础设施建设和珠海横琴岛开发，深化粤港澳合作，密切内地与港澳的经济联系。伟大祖国永远是香港、澳门的坚强后盾。只要特别行政区政府与各界人士同心协力，包容共济，共同维护繁荣稳定发展的大局，香港、澳门的明天一定会更加美好。
We will unswervingly implement the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which the people of Hong
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
Kong administer Hong Kong, and the people of Macao administer Macao both with a high degree of autonomy, and fully support Hong Kong and Macao in maintaining long-term prosperity and stability.We will support Hong Kong in consolidating and elevating its position as an international financial, trade, and shipping center;developing industries with local advantages;and fostering new areas of economic growth.We will support Macao in developing its tourism and leisure industry and appropriately diversifying its economy.We will conscientiously implement the Outline of the Program for Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta, vigorously promote the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and other major cross-boundary infrastructure projects as well as the development of Zhuhai's Hengqin Island, deepen cooperation between Guangdong and the Hong Kong and Macao regions, and increase economic ties between the mainland and these two regions.The great motherland will remain a staunch supporter of Hong Kong and Macao forever.As long as the governments of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and their people from all walks of life work together;accommodate and help each other;and jointly safeguard overall prosperity, stability, and development, Hong Kong and Macao will enjoy a brighter future.过去的一年，两岸关系在新的历史起点上取得重要进展，呈现和平发展良好势头。两岸交流合作不断深入，全面直接双向“三通”得以实现。经济关系正常化迈出重要步伐，经济合作制度化建设逐步推进。两岸关系持续改善和发展，给两岸同胞带来了实实在在的利益。
Last year relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits made important progress from a historic new starting point, and a positive trend toward peaceful development emerged.Cross-Straits exchanges and cooperation constantly deepened, and complete, direct, two-way mail, transport and trade links were established.We took important steps to normalize cross-Straits economic relations, and economic cooperation between the two sides gradually became institutionalized.The constant improvement and development of cross-Straits relations brought real benefits to our compatriots on both sides.在新的一年里，我们要继续坚持发展两岸关系、促进祖国和平统一的大政方针，牢牢把握两岸关系和平发展的主题，不断开创两岸关系和平发展新局面。密切两岸经贸金融交往，深化产业合作，支持在大陆的台资企业发展，维护台胞合法权益。鼓励有条件的大陆企业赴台投资。支持海峡西岸经济区在两岸交流合作中发挥先行先试作用。通过商签两岸经济合作框架协议，促进互利共赢，建立具有两岸特色的经济合作机制。拓展文化教育交流，共同弘扬中华文化。加强两岸民众和社会各界交流，共同分享两岸关系和平发展成果，进一步凝聚推动两岸关系和平发展的共识。坚持大陆和台湾同属一个中国，巩固两岸关系和平发展的政治基础，增强两岸政治互信。我们坚信，全体中华儿女同心协力，祖国完全统一的宏伟大业一定能够实现！
In the new year, we will continue to adhere to the principle of developing cross-Straits relations and promoting peaceful reunification of the motherland, firmly embrace the theme of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and constantly create new conditions for it.We will strengthen economic, trade, and financial contacts between the two sides;deepen industrial cooperation;support the development of Taiwan-funded enterprises on the mainland;and safeguard the lawful rights and interests of our Taiwan compatriots.We will encourage qualified mainland enterprises to invest in Taiwan.We will support the economic zone in Fujian Province on the west coast of the Straits in playing its role in pioneering new approaches to exchanges and cooperation between the two sides.We will promote a win-win situation, set up an economic cooperation mechanism that reflects the characteristics of both sides by negotiating and signing an economic cooperation framework agreement(ECEA).We will expand cultural and educational exchanges, and work with Taiwan to promote Chinese culture.We will increase exchanges between people from all sectors of society on both sides, so that everyone can share in the fruits of the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and more fully realize the importance of promoting peaceful development.We will uphold the principle that the mainland and Taiwan belong to one and the same China, strengthen the political foundation for the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and enhance mutual political trust between the two sides.We firmly believe that with the concerted efforts of the Chinese people, we will achieve the complete reunification of the motherland.各位代表！
Fellow Deputies, 过去的一年，外交工作取得新的重大成绩。我国积极参加应对国际金融危机、气候变化等国际合作，在一系列重大多边会议
2010年政府工作报告中英文对照版
上发挥了独特的建设性作用。我们积极开展全方位外交，与各大国、周边国家和广大发展中国家的对话合作稳步推进。大力加强人文等领域外交。有效维护我国公民和法人在海外的合法权益。
We achieved new, important results in our diplomatic work last year.We actively participated in international cooperation to respond to the global financial crisis and climate change, and played a unique, constructive role in a series of major multilateral conferences.We energetically carried out all-round diplomacy, and made steady progress in dialogue and cooperation with major powers, neighboring countries, and developing countries.We greatly strengthened diplomacy in all fields, including cultural diplomacy.We effectively safeguarded the lawful rights and interests of Chinese nationals and corporations overseas.新中国外交走过了60年光辉历程，在国际舞台上留下了闪光足迹。我们将继续发扬光荣传统，始终高举和平、发展、合作旗帜，坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持走和平发展道路，奉行互利共赢的开放战略，推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界，为我国现代化建设创造良好的外部环境。新的一年，我们将继续以20国集团金融峰会等重大多边活动为主要平台，积极参与国际体系变革进程，维护发展中国家利益。统筹协调好双边外交与多边外交、国别区域外交与各领域外交工作，推动我国与各大国、周边国家和发展中国家的关系全面深入发展。紧紧抓住中国－东盟自贸区全面建成、上海合作组织召开峰会等契机，积极推进区域合作。进一步做好应对气候变化、能源资源合作等方面的对外工作，在妥善解决热点问题和全球性问题中发挥建设性作用。中国政府和人民愿与国际社会携手努力，共同应对风险挑战，共同分享发展机遇，为世界和平与发展作出新贡献！
With a splendid, 60-year diplomatic history, New China has left shining footprints on the international stage.We will carry forward our fine traditions;always hold high the banner of peace, development, and cooperation;adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace and the path of peaceful development;pursue an open strategy of mutual benefit;promote the building of a harmonious world with durable peace and common prosperity;and create a favorable external environment for China's modernization.In the new year, we will continue to use the G20 financial summit and other major multilateral activities as our main platforms for actively participating in the process of change in the international system and safeguarding the interests of developing countries.We will make overall plans for coordinating bilateral and multilateral diplomacy as well as diplomacy with individual countries and regions and in various fields, and promote further, comprehensive development of our relations with major powers, neighboring countries, and developing countries.We will take advantage of the opportunities offered by the completion of the ASEAN-China free trade zone and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit to actively promote regional cooperation.We will continue to carry out diplomatic work in climate change, energy and resource cooperation, and other areas, and play a constructive role in finding proper solutions to hot issues and global problems.The Chinese government and people stand ready to work with the international community to respond to risks and challenges, share development opportunities, and make new contributions to world peace and development.各位代表！
Fellow Deputies, 艰辛成就伟业，奋斗创造辉煌。让我们在以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央领导下，凝聚起亿万人民的智慧和力量，再接再厉，开拓进取，全面完成“十一五”规划的各项任务，不断夺取改革开放和社会主义现代化建设事业的新胜利！
Hardship gives birth to great causes, and arduous struggle results in glorious achievements.Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, let us pool the wisdom and strength of the hundreds of millions of our people;redouble our efforts to break fresh ground;complete all the tasks set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan;and constantly win new victories in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization
第四篇：2008_政府工作报告_中英文对照
汉英对照标注版2008年《政府工作报告》
政府工作报告
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT ——2008年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上
Delivered at the First Session of the Eleventh National
People's Congress on March 5, 2008
国务院总理 温家宝
各位代表：
Fellow Deputies, 现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告本届政府过去五年的工作，对今年工作提出建议，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to deliver to you a report on the work of the government over the past five years and on the arrangements for its work this year for your deliberation and approval and also for comments and suggestions from the members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、过去五年工作回顾
I.Review of the Work of the Past Five Years
第十届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年，是不平凡的五年。在中国共产党领导下，各级政府和全国各族人民认真贯彻党的十六大精神，齐心协力，顽强拼搏，积极应对复杂多变的国际环境，努力克服经济社会发展中的各种困难，战胜了突如其来的严重非典疫情和历史罕见的低温雨雪冰冻等特大自然灾害，改革开放和现代化建设取得了举世瞩目的重大成就。
The past five years since the First Session of the Tenth National People's Congress was a momentous period.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set out at the Sixteenth CPC National Congress and worked in concert and with dedication.We vigorously responded to the complex and volatile international environment, strove to overcome various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and prevailed over the sudden and severe outbreak of SARS and catastrophic natural disasters such as the recent snow and ice storms in the south that the region has rarely seen before.We made major achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world.——经济跨上新台阶。2007年，国内生产总值达到24.66万亿元，比2002年增长65.5%，年均增长10.6%，从世界第六位上升到第四位；全国财政收入达到5.13万亿元，增长1.71倍；外汇储备超过1.52万亿美元。
– The economy reached a new high.China's GDP in 2007 reached 24.66 trillion yuan, an increase of 65.5% over 2002 and an average annual increase of 10.6%, rising from the sixth highest one in the world to the fourth.Total government revenue reached 5.13 trillion yuan, a 171% increase over 2002.Our foreign exchange reserves exceeded US$ 1.52 trillion.——取消农业税，终结了农民种田交税的历史。全国粮食连续四年增产，2007年产量达到50150万吨。
– The agricultural tax was rescinded, ending the centuries-old practice of farmers paying taxes.China's grain output rose four consecutive years to reach 501.5 million tons in 2007.——国有企业、金融、财税、外经贸体制和行政管理体制等改革迈出重大步伐。开放型经济进入新阶段。2007年进出口总额达到2.17万亿美元，从世界第六位上升到第三位。
– Major progress was made in the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs), the financial system, fiscal and taxation systems, the system of foreign trade and economic cooperation, and the administrative system.China has entered a new stage in developing a more open economy.Total volume of imports and exports reached $2.17 trillion in 2007, raising China from the sixth largest trading nation in the world to the third largest.——创新型国家建设进展良好，涌现出一批具有重大国际影响的科技创新成果。载人航天飞行和首次月球探测工程圆满成功。
– Good progress was made in efforts to make China more innovative, and a number of major scientific and technological innovations with international impact were made.Manned spaceflights and our first moon exploration project were successfully carried out.——全面实现农村免费义务教育，这是我国教育发展史上的重要里程碑。覆盖城乡的公共卫生体系和基本医疗服务体系初步建立。– Free compulsory education was made available to all rural students, marking an important milestone in the history of the development of education in China.The basic frameworks for a public health system and a system of basic medical services covering both urban and rural areas have been put in place.——城乡公共文化服务体系逐步完善。文化体制改革取得重要进展，文化事业和文化产业快速发展。上海特奥会成功举办。北京奥运会、残奥会和上海世博会筹备工作进展顺利。
– Steady improvement was made in the urban and rural system of public cultural services.Significant progress was made in reform of the cultural management system, and the development of cultural programs and cultural industries was accelerated.The Shanghai Special Olympics was successfully held.Preparations for the 2008 Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai proceeded smoothly.——民主法制建设取得新进步，依法行政扎实推进，保障人民权益和维护社会公平正义得到加强。
– Progress was made in developing democracy and the legal system and in enhancing law-based government.Greater efforts were made to safeguard people's rights and interests and ensure social fairness and justice.——人民生活显著改善。五年全国新增城镇就业5100万人。城镇居民人均可支配收入由2002年7703元增加到2007年13786元，农村居民人均纯收入由2476元增加到4140元。社会保障体系框架初步形成。贫困人口逐年减少。
– People's living standards improved significantly.Fifty-one million urban jobs were created over the past five years.Urban per capita annual disposable income rose from 7,703 yuan in 2002 to 13,786 yuan in 2007, and rural per capita annual net income rose from 2,476 yuan to 4,140 yuan during the same period.The basic framework for a social safety net for both urban and rural areas was put in place.The number of people living in poverty was reduced every year.事实充分说明，过去五年是改革开放和全面建设小康社会取得重大进展的五年，是社会生产力和综合国力显著增强的五年，是社会事业全面发展和人民得到更多实惠的五年，是我国国际地位和影响不断提高的五年。
All these improvements fully demonstrate that during the past five-year period great strides were made in carrying out reform and opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this time the productive forces and overall national strength were significantly improved, social programs were comprehensively developed, people received even greater benefits and China's international standing and influence constantly grew.五年来，我们树立和落实科学发展观，着力发展经济、深化改革开放、保障和改善民生，促进社会和谐，付出了巨大努力，做了大量工作。
During the past five years we established and put into practice the Scientific Outlook on Development, worked hard on economic development, deepened reform and opening up, ensured the wellbeing of the people, improved their lives, and promoted social harmony.We made great efforts and accomplished a great deal.（一）加强和改善宏观调控，促进经济平稳快速发展
1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to promote steady and rapid economic development.我们围绕解决经济运行中的突出矛盾，注重宏观调控的预见性、及时性和有效性。几年来，针对固定资产投资增长过快、货币信贷投放过多、外贸顺差过大，以及农业基础薄弱等经济发展中不稳定、不协调、不可持续的问题，严把土地、信贷两个闸门，提高市场准入门槛，适时调整财政政策、货币政策，完善产业政策和土地政策，调整经济结构，加强薄弱环节，搞好经济运行调节。
We endeavored to make macroeconomic regulation more proactive, responsive and effective, with the focus on resolving major problems affecting economic operation.Over the past few years, we tightened controls on the supplies of land and credit, raised market access requirements, adjusted financial and monetary policies as needed, improved industrial policies and the land policy, adjusted the economic structure, shored up weak links and effectively regulated economic operation to address problems such as overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, excessively large trade surplus, and weakness in agriculture, the foundation of the economy, which could cause economic development to become unstable, unbalanced and unsustainable.根据经济形势的变化，多次及时调整金融机构存款准备金率、存贷款基准利率，取消或降低高耗能、高排放和资源性产品的出口退税。这些宏观调控措施取得明显成效，经济连续五年保持平稳快速发展，没有出现大的起落。
In response to changes in the economy, we have repeatedly made timely adjustments in the required reserve ratio and the benchmark interest rates for savings and loans in financial institutions and rescinded or reduced export tax rebates for resource products and products whose production is energy intensive or highly polluting.These macroeconomic regulatory measures produced significant results, and China's economy maintained steady and rapid development throughout the five-year period, without experiencing major fluctuations.我们从加强农业基础入手，把促进粮食增产和农民增收作为首要任务，在制度、政策和投入方面采取一系列重大举措。全部取消了农业税、牧业税和特产税，每年减轻农民负担1335亿元。同时，建立农业补贴制度，对农民实行粮食直补、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴和农业生产资料综合补贴，对产粮大县和财政困难县乡实行奖励补助。大幅度增加对农业农村投入，中央财政用于“三农”的支出五年累计1.6万亿元，其中用于农村基础设施建设近3000亿元，地方也较多增加了投入。
We adopted a series of major measures related to institutions, policies and investment to increase grain production and rural incomes as a matter of priority and strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy.We completely rescinded the agricultural tax, livestock tax and tax on special agricultural products throughout China, reducing the burden on farmers by an average of 133.5 billion yuan per year.In addition, we set up a subsidy scheme for agriculture, instituting direct subsidies for grain producers, subsidies for superior crop varieties, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and general subsidies for agricultural production supplies and providing incentives to major grain-producing counties and subsidies to counties and townships with serious financial difficulties.Investment in agriculture and rural areas was greatly increased.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers reached 1.6 trillion yuan over the past five years, including nearly 300 billion yuan that was used for developing rural infrastructure.Local governments also substantially increased their input.五年新增节水灌溉面积666.7万公顷、新增沼气用户1650万户、新建改建农村公路130万公里，解决了9748万农村人口饮水困难和饮水安全问题，建立了重大动物疫病防控体系，防止了高致病性禽流感等疫情蔓延。这些措施，极大地调动了农民积极性，有力地推动了社会主义新农村建设，农村发生了历史性变化，亿万农民由衷地感到高兴。农业的发展，为整个经济社会的稳定和发展发挥了重要作用。
During the five-year period, an additional 6.667 million hectares of farmland was equipped with water-saving irrigation facilities, methane gas was made available to 16.5 million more households, 1.3 million kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded, and safe drinking water was provided to an additional 97.48 million rural residents.A system for the prevention and control of major animal diseases was set up, and the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza was prevented.These measures greatly encouraged farmers to grow more, gave a strong impetus to the development of a new socialist countryside and brought historic changes to rural China to the great satisfaction of hundreds of millions of rural people.Agricultural development played an important role in ensuring the overall stability and development of China's economy and society.我们制定了国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，对2006－2020年的科技发展作出全面部署，启动一批重大专项。这对增强自主创新能力，推进创新型国家建设，有着重要而深远的影响。基础科学和前沿技术研究得到加强，取得高性能计算机、第三代移动通信、超级杂交水稻等一批重大创新成果，形成了一批具有自主知识产权和市场竞争力的产品。
We formulated the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, which contains comprehensive plans for the development of science and technology in China from 2006 through 2020 and calls for the launching of a number of major projects.This will have an important and far-reaching impact on efforts to strengthen China's capacity for independent innovation and make it an innovative country.Work in basic research and research in leading-edge technologies was intensified;a number of major innovations such as high-performance computers, third generation mobile communications, and super-hybrid rice were achieved;and a number of products that are competitive and carry Chinese intellectual property rights were developed.五年中央财政用于科技的投入达到3406亿元。全社会研究与实验发展经费，从2002年1288亿元增加到2007年的3664亿元，占国内生产总值比重从1.07%提高到1.49%。以企业为主体的技术创新体系建设取得重要进展。科技创新支撑和引领经济社会发展的能力明显增强。
The central government spent 340.6 billion yuan on science and technology over the past five years.China's total investment in research, experimentation and development rose from the 128.8 billion yuan of 2002 to 366.4 billion yuan in 2007, with its share in the GDP rising from 1.07% to 1.49%.Major progress was made in developing a system for technological innovation in which enterprises play a key role.The capacity of scientific and technological innovation to sustain and boost economic and social development was markedly increased.我们制定和实施一系列产业政策和专项规划，促进产业结构优化升级。信息、生物、航空航天、新能源、新材料、海洋等高新技术产 业加快发展。振兴装备制造业成效显著。旅游、金融、物流等现代服务业蓬勃发展。基础设施基础产业建设取得长足进展，一批重大工程相继建成或顺利推进。
We formulated and implemented a series of industrial policies and special plans designed to improve and upgrade the industrial structure.Development of new and high technology industries in information, biology, aerospace, new energy sources, new materials and oceanography was accelerated.Efforts to boost the equipment manufacturing industry produced significant results.Development of modern service industries such as tourism, banking and distribution was accelerated.Great progress was made in the development of infrastructure and basic industries, marked by the completion of or smooth progress on a number of major projects.青藏铁路提前一年建成通车，三峡工程防洪、发电、航运等综合效益全面发挥，西电东送、西气东输全面投产，南水北调工程进展顺利，溪洛渡水电站、红沿河核电站、京沪高速铁路和千万吨级炼油厂、百万吨级乙烯等一批重大项目陆续开工建设，普光气田、南堡油田等勘查开发取得重大进展。五年新增电力装机3.5亿千瓦，是1950年到2002年53年的总和；新增公路19.2万公里，其中高速公路2.8万公里；新增铁路营运里程6100公里；建成万吨级以上泊位568个；新增电信用户4.94亿户。这些有效改善了能源交通通信状况，增强了经济社会发展后劲。
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic a year ahead of time;the Three Gorges Project is fully playing its designed role in flood prevention, power generation and shipping;the projects to send electricity and gas from China's western region to the eastern region are fully operational;the project to divert water from southern China to northern China is progressing smoothly;and construction has been started on a number of major projects such as the Xiluodu Hydroelectric Plant, Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, a ten million-ton capacity oil refinery and a million-ton capacity ethylene plant.Major progress has been made in the prospecting and development of the Puguang Gas Field and the Nanpu Oilfield.Newly added power-generating capacity over the five years totaled 350 million kW, equivalent to all the capacity added between 1950 and 2002.A total of 192,000 kilometers of highways were built, including 28,000 kilometers of expressways.A total of 6,100 kilometers of new railway lines went into operation.An additional 568 berths that can handle ships larger than 10,000 tons were completed.The number of telecommunications users was increased by 494 million.All of the above measures effectively improved the capacity of the energy, transportation and communications sectors and strengthened the basis for further economic and social development.我们高度重视资源节约和环境保护。“十一五”规划纲要把节能和减排作为约束性目标。近两年，又提出并实施节能减排综合性工作方案，建立节能减排指标体系、监测体系、考核体系和目标责任制，颁布了应对气候变化国家方案。依法淘汰一大批落后生产能力，关停小火电2157万千瓦、小煤矿1.12万处，淘汰落后炼铁产能4659万吨、炼钢产能3747万吨、水泥产能8700万吨。启动十大重点节能工程。燃煤电厂脱硫工程取得突破性进展。中央政府投资支持重点流域水污染防治项目691个。继续推进天然林保护、京津风沙源治理等生态建设，五年累计退耕还林、植树造林3191万公顷，退牧还草3460万公顷。加强土地和水资源保护，五年整理复垦开发补充耕地152.6万公顷。经过各方面努力，节能减排取得积极进展，2007年单位国内生产总值能耗比上年下降3.27%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放总量近年来首次出现双下降，比上年分别下降3.14％和4.66％。节约资源和保护环境从认识到实践都发生了重要转变。
We gave high priority to conserving resources and protecting the environment.Obligatory targets for saving energy and reducing emissions were set in the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.In the last two years, a general work plan for saving energy and reducing emissions was introduced;a system of targets for this work, a monitoring system, a system for assessing work performance and a system of accountability for reaching the targets were put in place;and a state plan to address climate change was promulgated.A large number of backward production facilities were shut down in accordance with the law.They include small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 21.57 million kW, 11,200 small coal mines, backward iron smelting facilities with a total capacity of 46.59 million tons, backward steel plants with a total capacity of 37.47 million tons and cement plants with a total capacity of 87 million tons.Ten major energy-saving projects were launched.Breakthroughs were made in carrying out desulfurizing projects for coal-fired power plants.The central government provided financial support for 691 projects to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys.Work continued on ecological conservation projects such as those to protect natural forests and control the factors causing sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin.During the five-year period, the area of farmland retired for forestation and other lands planted with trees amounted to 31.91 million hectares, and grazing land returned to natural grasslands totaled 34.6 million hectares.Protection of land and water resources was strengthened, with a total of 1.526 million hectares of farmland being upgraded, reclaimed or newly developed over the last five years.Thanks to the strong efforts of the whole country, encouraging progress was made in conserving energy and reducing emissions.In 2007 there was a 3.27% year-on-year drop in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and for the first time in recent years there was a reduction in both chemical oxygen demand and the total emission of sulfur dioxide, with the former down 3.14% and the latter down 4.66% from the previous year.People became more aware of the importance of conserving resources and protecting the environment and made greater efforts in this area.我们实施区域发展总体战略。西部大开发继续推进，五年中央财政支持重点建设投资2800多亿元，基础设施和生态环境建设取得明显进展，重点地区和特色优势产业加快发展。制定和实施振兴东北地区等老工业基地战略，大型粮食基地建设不断加强，国有企业改革改组改造取得突破性进展，重大技术装备国产化成效显著，资源型城市经济转型试点进展顺利，老工业基地焕发出新的生机和活力。
We followed a master strategy for regional development.Continued progress was made in the large-scale development of the western region, with central government financial support for key projects totaling over 280 billion yuan over the last five years.Substantial progress was made in infrastructure development and ecological and environmental conservation projects, and development of key areas and industries with local advantages was accelerated.We formulated and implemented the strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases such as northeast China, increased efforts to develop large grain production bases, made breakthroughs in reforming, reorganizing and upgrading SOEs, made major progress in using domestically-produced key equipment in place of imports, and made smooth headway in the trial to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation.The old industrial bases are now showing new signs of vitality.制定和实施促进中部地区崛起政策措施，粮食主产区现代农业建设步伐加快，重要能源原材料工业、装备制造业和综合交通运输体系进一步发展。东部地区继续率先发展，经济实力和整体素质显著提升。经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区开发开放加快推进。这些重大举措，促进了区域经济合理布局和协调发展。
We formulated and implemented policies and measures to promote development in the central region and made accelerated progress in developing modern agriculture in major grain-producing areas.Major energy and raw material industries, the equipment manufacturing industry and the overall transportation system were further developed.The eastern region continued to lead in development, with significant gains in economic strength and overall improvement.The process of developing and opening up the special economic zones, the Shanghai Pudong New Area and the Tianjin Binhai New Area was accelerated.These major measures promoted a better distribution and more balanced development of regional economies.（二）大力推进改革开放，注重制度建设和创新
2.Working hard on reform and opening up, concentrating on institutional development and innovation.全面深化农村改革。以乡镇机构、农村义务教育和县乡财政管理体制改革为主要内容的农村综合改革，取得阶段性重要成果。放开粮食收购市场，实现了粮食购销市场化。集体林权制度改革进行了成功探索。供销合作社、国有农场等改革进展顺利。
Rural reforms were deepened across the board.Major progress was made in the current stage of the overall rural reform, mainly consisting of reform of town and township government bodies, reform of the rural compulsory education system and reform of the fiscal systems at the county and township levels.Government control of grain purchasing was lifted, and the purchase and sale of grain are now market based.Successful trials were carried out in reforming the system of collective forest rights.Smooth progress was made in the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned farms.坚持完善基本经济制度。巩固和发展公有制经济，推进国有资产管理体制改革和国有经济布局与结构调整，建立和完善国有资产出资人制度。加快国有企业股份制改革，一批具有国际竞争力的大公司大企业集团发展壮大。邮政体制改革顺利进行，电力、电信、民航、铁路等行业改革取得积极进展。
Continued progress was made in improving the basic economic system.We consolidated and developed the public sector of the economy, made progress in reform of the management system for state-owned assets and adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy, and set up and improved a system for investors of state assets.We accelerated the reform to institute a stockholding system in SOEs, and a number of large companies and conglomerates with the ability to compete internationally were formed.Reform of the postal service system proceeded smoothly, and encouraging progress was made in reforming the power, telecommunications, civil aviation and railway industries.2006年，全国国有企业资产总额比2002年增长60.98%，实现利润增长2.23倍，税收增长1.05倍。国有经济活力、控制力和影响力明显增强。制定和实施一系列政策措施，进一步营造公平竞争的法制环境和市场环境，鼓励、支持和引导个体私营等非公有制经济发展。非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业、增加税收和活跃市场等方面，发挥着越来越大的作用。
The total value of assets of Chinese SOEs in 2006 grew by 60.98% compared to 2002, their total profits increased by 223%, and their tax contributions grew by 105%.The vitality of the state sector and its impact and influence on the economy as a whole were greatly enhanced.We formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to foster a legal framework and market environment conducive to fair competition, and encouraged, supported and guided the development of the nonpublic sector, which includes individual-proprietorship businesses and private enterprises.As a result, the nonpublic sector of the economy is playing an increasingly bigger role in stimulating economic growth, creating jobs, increasing tax revenue, and invigorating the market.大力推进金融、财税体制改革。针对国有商业银行经营管理不善、金融风险加剧的状况，我们果断地推进了改革。中国工商银行、中国银行、中国建设银行和交通银行完成股份制改造并成功上市，资产质量和盈利能力明显提高，银行业发生了重大变化。坚定地进行上市公司股权分置改革，解决了这个长期困扰证券市场发展的制度性问题。重点国有保险企业重组改制上市，促进了保险业迅速发展。利率市场化改革迈出实质性步伐。实施人民币汇率形成机制改革，汇率弹性逐步增强。
We vigorously promoted reform of the banking, fiscal and taxation systems.We resolutely carried out reform addressing the poor performance and greater financial risks of state-owned commercial banks.The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank and the Bank of Communications were turned into stockholding companies and listed on stock markets.This brought about significant improvement in the quality of their assets and profitability as well as major changes in the banking industry.We resolutely carried out reform of the shareholder structure in listed companies and resolved this longstanding institutional problem that hindered the development of the securities market.Key state-owned insurance firms were reorganized and went public, promoting rapid development of the insurance industry.Substantive progress was made in making interest rates more market-based.We reformed the RMB exchange rate regime to gradually make the exchange rate more flexible.外汇管理体制改革全面推进。财税体制改革进一步深化，财政转移支付制度和公共财政制度逐步完善。2003年到2007年，中央财政对地方的转移支付累计4.25万亿元，87%用于支持中西部地区。在部分企业试行国有资本经营预算制度。启动和扩大增值税转型改革试点。统一内外资企业所得税制度。建立国家统一的职务与级别相结合的公务员工资制度，初步规范了津贴补贴制度。投资体制改革和价格改革取得新进展。
Comprehensive progress was made in reform of the system for managing foreign exchange.Reform of the fiscal and taxation systems was deepened, and the system of transfer payments and the system of public finance were steadily improved.The central government turned over 4.25 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments from 2003 to 2007, with 87% of it allocated to the central and western regions.A budget system for managing state capital was introduced in some enterprises on a trial basis.We launched and expanded trials to reform the value-added tax.The income tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises were unified.A unified state civil servant salary system based on both position and rank was set up, and the system of subsidies and allowances was basically standardized.Further progress was made in reform of the investment system and pricing system.加强市场体系建设。生产要素市场化程度稳步提高。商品流通现代化步伐加快。土地和矿产资源市场秩序、产品质量和食品药品安全等专项整治取得明显成效，保护知识产权力度加大，严厉打击了制假售假、非法传销、商业欺诈、盗版侵权等违法犯罪活动。
Work to develop the market system was intensified.Market forces played an increasingly important role in trade in the factors of production.The modernization of commodity distribution was accelerated.Significant achievements were made in the effort to rectify order in the markets for land and mineral resources and improve the quality of products and the safety of food and drugs.Protection of intellectual property rights was strengthened, and we severely cracked down on violations of the law such as the production and sale of counterfeit goods, pyramid schemes, commercial fraud, piracy and infringement on others' rights.坚持扩大对外开放。我们认真履行加入世界贸易组织各项承诺，积极做好过渡期各项工作。深化涉外经济体制改革，促进贸易投资便利化。放开外贸经营权，大幅度降低关税，取消进口配额、许可证等非关税措施，金融、商业、电信等服务业开放不断扩大。进出口商品结构逐步优化。利用外资质量进一步提高。实施“走出去”战略迈出坚实步伐，对外经济互利合作取得明显成效。
We continued to open China wider to the outside world.We honored all the commitments we made when we entered the World Trade Organization and made all the required adjustments for the transition period.We deepened reform of the externally oriented economic system to facilitate trade and investment.We lifted controls over access to foreign trade, greatly lowered tariffs, rescinded non-tariff measures such as import quotas and permits, and opened banking, commerce, telecommunications and other service sectors wider.There was gradual improvement in the mix of imports and exports.There was further improvement in the utilization of foreign capital.The “go global” strategy was resolutely implemented and significant results were obtained in mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other countries.（三）全面加强社会建设，切实保障和改善民生
3.Strengthening all aspects of social development, ensuring the wellbeing of the people and improving their lives.我们坚持统筹经济社会发展，加快教育、卫生、文化、体育等社会事业发展和改革，积极解决涉及人民群众切身利益的问题。
We steadfastly carried out overall planning for economic and social development, accelerated the development and reform of social programs in education, health, culture and sports and worked hard to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.在教育方面。全国财政用于教育支出五年累计2.43万亿元，比前五年增长1.26倍。农村义务教育已全面纳入财政保障范围，对全国农村义务教育阶段学生全部免除学杂费、全部免费提供教科书，对家庭经济困难寄宿生提供生活补助，使1.5亿学生和780万名家庭经济困难寄宿生受益。西部地区基本普及九年义务教育、基本扫除青壮年文盲攻坚计划如期完成。国家安排专项资金支持2.2万多所农村中小学改造危房、建设7000多所寄宿制学校，远程教育已覆盖36万所农村中小学，更多的农村学生享受到优质教育资源。
Education.Public expenditures on education in China reached 2.43 trillion yuan over the five-year period, a 126% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Funding for rural compulsory education is now fully provided by the government budget.All the 150 million students receiving compulsory education in rural areas are exempt from paying tuition and miscellaneous fees and are supplied with free textbooks, and living allowances are provided to the 7.8 million students from poor families who stay in school dormitories.The plan to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal and to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in the western region was implemented on schedule.The state allocated special funds to support the renovation of dilapidated buildings at more than 22,000 rural primary and secondary schools and the building of more than 7,000 schools with student dormitory facilities.Distance education now covers 360,000 rural primary and middle schools, making quality education available to more rural students.更加重视职业教育发展，2007年中、高等职业教育在校生分别达到2000万人和861万人。普通高等教育本科生和研究生规模达到1144万人。高校重点学科建设继续加强。建立健全普通本科高校、高等和中等职业学校国家奖学金助学金制度，中央财政此项支出从2006年20.5亿元增加到去年的98亿元，高校资助面超过20%，中等职业学校资助面超过90%，资助标准大幅度提高。2007年开始在教育部直属师范大学实施师范生免费教育试点。我们在实现教育公平上迈出了重大步伐。
Greater efforts were made to develop vocational education, with the student population reaching 20 million at secondary vocational schools and 8.61 million at vocational colleges in 2007.A total of 11.44 million students were enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs in regular institutions of higher learning.More effort was put into developing key disciplines in institutions of higher learning.A system of government scholarships and financial aid to students in regular undergraduate institutions, vocational colleges and secondary vocational schools was instituted and improved, and its funding from the central government budget was increased from 2.05 billion yuan in 2006 to 9.8 billion yuan in 2007.This enabled over 20% of the students in institutions of higher learning and more than 90% of the students in secondary vocational schools to benefit from financial aid and allowed schools to greatly raise the amount of aid offered.An experiment to provide free education to education students at normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education was launched in 2007.Major progress was made in providing equitable education opportunities for all.深入实施人才强国战略，大力培养、积极引进和合理使用各类人才，高层次、高技能人才队伍不断壮大。
The strategy of reinvigorating China through development of human resources was extensively applied.Great efforts were made to train Chinese personnel, bring in needed personnel from other countries and make wise use of skilled personnel of all types, thus strengthening the ranks of high-caliber, highly skilled personnel in China.在卫生方面。全国财政用于医疗卫生支出五年累计6294亿元，比前五年增长1.27倍。重点加强公共卫生、医疗服务和医疗保障体系建设，覆盖城乡、功能比较齐全的疾病预防控制和应急医疗救治体系基本建成。国家规划免疫预防的疾病由7种扩大到15种，对艾滋病、结核病、血吸虫病等重大传染病患者实施免费救治。
Health.Total government expenditures on medical and health care in China over the five-year period reached 629.4 billion yuan, a 127% increase compared to the previous five-year period.The funding was mainly used to develop the public health service system, the medical service system and the medical security system, and basically complete the formation of the disease prevention and control system and emergency medical response system with a fairly comprehensive range of functions, covering both urban and rural areas.The number of diseases covered by the state plan for immunization and disease prevention was increased from 7 to 15, and AIDS, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis and other major communicable diseases are now treated free of charge.国家安排资金改造和新建1.88万所乡镇卫生院、786所县医院、285所县中医院和534所县妇幼保健院，为1.17万个乡镇卫生院配备了医疗设备，农村医疗卫生条件明显改善。全国建立了2.4万多个社区卫生服务机构，新型城市医疗卫生服务体系进一步健全。人口和计划生育事业取得新进展，低生育水平继续保持稳定。人民健康水平不断提高，婴儿死亡率和孕产妇死亡率明显下降，2005年人均期望寿命达到73岁，对于我们这样一个有13亿人口的发展中国家是了不起的成就。
The state allocated funds to renovate or build 18,800 town and township health clinics, 786 county hospitals, 285 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and 534 county health centers for women and children, and equip 11,700 town and township health clinics with medical equipment, significantly improving conditions for providing medical and health care services in the countryside.More than 24,000 community health clinics were set up in China, further improving the new system of medical and health care services in urban areas.Further progress was made in carrying out population and family planning programs, and the birthrate remained stable at a low level.People's health continued to improve, infant and maternal mortality rates dropped significantly, and average life expectancy reached 73 years in 2005.These are momentous achievements for China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion.在就业方面。坚持实施和完善积极的就业政策，从财税、金融等方面加大支持力度，中央财政安排就业补助资金五年累计666亿元。城乡公共就业服务体系建设进一步加强。
Employment.The government continued to follow and improve the policy that strongly promotes employment and to adopt fiscal, taxation and financial measures to increase employment.Expenditures for employment programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies totaled 66.6 billion yuan over the five-year period.Urban and rural systems for providing public employment services were further strengthened.统筹做好就业再就业工作，全面加强职业技能培训，平均每年城镇新增就业1000多万人、农村劳动力转移就业800万人。基本解决国有企业下岗职工再就业问题，完成下岗职工基本生活保障向失业保险并轨。在劳动力总量增加较多、就业压力很大的情况下，保持了就业形势的基本稳定。
Efforts were intensified to increase employment and reemployment in a well-planned way, and training in vocational skills was comprehensively strengthened.As a result, more than ten million urban people got jobs and eight million rural workers found work in nonagricultural sectors per year on average.The problem of finding other employment opportunities for workers laid off from SOEs was basically solved, and the work of incorporating basic cost of living allowances for laid-off workers into the unemployment insurance system was completed.The employment situation remained basically stable despite a large increase in the total workforce and great pressure on employment.在社会保障方面。全国财政用于社会保障支出五年累计1.95万亿元，比前五年增长1.41倍。城镇职工基本养老保险制度不断完善，2007年参保人数突破2亿人，比2002年增加5400多万人；做实基本养老保险个人账户试点扩大到11个省份；
Social safety net.Governments at all levels spent a total of 1.95 trillion yuan on building up the social safety net over the five-year period, a 141% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Continued improvement was made in the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers, with the number of participating workers exceeding 200 million in 2007, an increase of more than 54 million compared to 2002.Trials to fully fund personal accounts for basic old-age insurance were expanded to 11 province-level administrative units.从2005年开始连续三年提高企业退休人员基本养老金标准。中央财政五年累计补助养老保险专项资金3295亿元。2007年城镇职工基本医疗保险参保人数达到1.8亿人，比2002年增加近1倍；88个城市启动城镇居民基本医疗保险试点；新型农村合作医疗制度不断完善，已扩大到全国86%的县，参合农民达到7.3亿人。全国社会保障基金积累4140亿元，比2002年增加2898亿元。
Basic pensions for enterprise retirees were raised three years in a row beginning in 2005.A total of 329.5 billion yuan was allocated for old-age insurance programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies over the last five years.The number of urban workers participating in basic medical insurance reached 180 million in 2007, nearly twice the number in 2002.The trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents was launched in 88 cities.Continued improvement was made in the new system of rural cooperative medical care, which now covers 86% of all counties and 730 million rural residents in China.Funds to support the national social safety net totaled 414 billion yuan, an increase of 289.8 billion yuan over 2002.城乡社会救助体系基本建立。城市居民最低生活保障制度不断完善，保障标准和补助水平逐步提高。2007年在全国农村全面建立最低生活保障制度，3451.9万农村居民纳入保障范围。这是保障城乡困难群众基本生活的一项根本性制度建设。社会福利、优抚安置、慈善和残疾人事业取得新进展。抗灾救灾工作全面加强，中央财政五年支出551亿元，受灾群众生产生活得到妥善安排。
Establishment of the urban and rural emergency aid system was basically completed.The system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents was improved, with gradually rising standards and allowances.A system of basic cost of living allowances was established in all rural areas of China in 2007, covering 34.519 million rural residents.The systems provide a fundamental institution to assist poor people in urban and rural areas to meet basic living expenses.Further progress was made in developing social welfare, providing special assistance to entitled groups and developing charity programs and programs to help people with physical and mental disabilities.Efforts to combat disasters and provide disaster relief were greatly strengthened, with total expenditures from the central government budget reaching 55.1 billion yuan for the five-year period.This helped restore normal working and living conditions for disaster victims.在文化和体育方面。全国财政用于文化体育事业支出五年累计3104亿元，比前五年增长1.3倍。县乡两级公共文化服务体系初步形成，基本实现了县县有图书馆、文化馆。全国文化信息资源共享工程、广播电视村村通工程等基层文化设施建设扎实推进。哲学社会科学和新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术进一步繁荣。文物和非物质文化遗产保护得到加强。对外文化交流更加活跃。城乡公共体育设施建设加快，群众性体育蓬勃发展，体育健儿在国际大赛中取得优异成绩。
Culture and sports.Government expenditures for culture and sports programs totaled 310.4 billion yuan for the five-year period, a 130% increase over the previous five-year period.The basic elements of a public cultural services system at the county and township levels were put in place, and basically every county now has a library and cultural center.Substantive progress was made in setting up local cultural facilities such as the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources and extend radio and television coverage to all villages.Philosophy, the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art thrived.Protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage was strengthened.Cultural exchanges with other countries were intensified.Development of public sports facilities in urban and rural areas was accelerated, mass sports activities developed vigorously, and Chinese athletes did well in international competitions.在居民收入和消费方面。努力增加城乡居民特别是低收入居民收入。调高最低工资标准；基本解决拖欠农民工工资问题；四次提高重点优抚对象的抚恤补助标准，统筹解决退役军人实际困难。降低居民储蓄存款利息税率，提高个人所得税起征点。家庭财产普遍增多。居民消费结构升级加快，家用汽车大幅度增加，移动电话、计算机、互联网快速普及，旅游人数成倍增长。住房条件进一步改善，棚户区改造取得积极进展。城乡居民享有的公共服务明显增多。
Personal income and consumer spending Vigorous efforts were made to increase the incomes of urban and rural residents, especially low-income persons.The minimum wage was increased.The problem of arrears in the wages of rural migrant workers in urban areas was basically resolved.The standards for financial aid to key entitled groups were increased four times, and plans were implemented to resolve the practical problems of demobilized military personnel.The tax on interest earnings from individual savings deposits was lowered and the earnings threshold for the individual income tax was raised.There was a general increase in family assets.Upgrading of consumer spending proceeded at a faster pace, and there was a great increase in the number of family-owned cars and rapid spread in the use of cell phones, computers and Internet services.The number of people going on vacations increased several fold.There was further improvement in housing conditions, encouraging progress was made in improving conditions in shantytowns, and much more public services were made available to urban and rural residents.在社会管理方面。着力维护人民群众合法权益，积极化解社会矛盾。制定并实施保障农民工合法权益的政策措施。努力解决土地征收征用、房屋拆迁、企业改制、环境保护等方面损害群众利益的问题。信访工作不断加强。高度重视安全生产工作，健全安全监管体制，落实安全生产责任制，加强安全生产法制建设。社会治安防控体系更加健全，综合治理工作进一步加强。依法打击各类犯罪活动，有效维护了国家安全和社会稳定。
Public administration。
Work in this area was concentrated on protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the people and resolving social tensions.We formulated and implemented policies and measures for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of rural migrant workers in urban areas.We devoted a great deal of effort to resolving infringements on the interests of the public related to land expropriation and requisition, housing demolition, enterprises converting to a stockholding system and environmental protection.Improvement was made in the handling of complaints made by individuals through letters and visits.We paid very close attention to improving workplace safety and the safety oversight system, instituted a responsibility system for workplace safety and improved related legislation.The public security system for crime prevention and control was further strengthened, and overall crime control work was intensified.We combated criminal activities in accordance with the law, effectively protected China's security and maintained law and order.在经济快速发展和财力明显增加的情况下，用很大力量解决了一些长期遗留的历史问题。剥离和处置国有商业银行不良资产，置换农村信用社不良贷款和历年亏损挂账，化解国有企业历史债务，逐步解决国有粮食企业政策性亏损挂账，还清出口退税欠款，完善大中型水库征地补偿和移民后期扶持政策等。这些问题的解决对于经济社会发展起到了重要作用。
Taking advantage of the rapid development of the economy and significant improvement of public finance, we worked hard to resolve some longstanding problems.We sold off nonperforming assets of state-owned commercial banks, made alternate arrangements for nonperforming loans and long-term non-paying accounts of rural credit cooperatives, eased the long-term debts of SOEs, gradually eased policy-related losses of state-owned grain enterprises, cleared up overdue tax rebates for exports, and improved the policy for paying compensation for requisition of land for large and medium-sized reservoirs and assisting people displaced by reservoir projects.Resolution of these problems played an important role in promoting economic and social development.五年来，我们在民主法制建设、国防和军队建设、港澳台工作和外交等方面，也取得了重要进展。
We made major progress over the past five years in enhancing democracy and the legal system, building national defense and the military, doing our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and conducting diplomacy.稳步推进社会主义民主法制建设。各级政府自觉接受同级人民代表大会及其常委会的监督，主动接受人民政协的民主监督，认真听取民主党派、工商联、无党派人士、人民团体意见，通过多种形式征求专家学者和人民群众的建议，接受新闻媒体和社会各界的监督。实行重大事项决策公示和听证制度。加强城乡基层自治组织建设，基层民主管理制度进一步健全。五年国务院共向全国人大常委会提交39件法律议案，制定、修订137件行政法规。探索建立公众有序参与政府立法的机制和制度，有15部法律草案和行政法规草案向社会公开征求意见。全面清理了现行行政法规和规章。贯彻民族区域自治法，推进民族团结进步事业。全面落实宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事务管理走向法制化、规范化。全面落实侨务政策，依法保护海外侨胞和归侨侨眷的合法权益。
We made steady progress in improving socialist democracy and the socialist legal system.Governments at all levels conscientiously accepted the oversight of the people's congress and its standing committee at the corresponding level;voluntarily accepted the democratic oversight by CPPCC committees;carefully listened to the views of the democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, persons without party affiliation and people's organizations;solicited suggestions of experts, scholars and the general public in a variety of forms;and accepted the oversight of the media and all sectors of society.Governments at all levels made public announcements and held public hearings before making major decisions.We stepped up efforts to develop autonomy in urban community and village administrative bodies and further improved the democratic system at the local level.During the past five years the State Council submitted 39 bills to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and formulated or revised 137 administrative regulations.We explored ways to set up mechanisms and systems for orderly public participation in government legislation and published 15 draft laws and drafts of administrative regulations to solicit comments from the public.We carried out a thorough review of current administrative rules and regulations.We adhered to the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and carried forward the programs to promote unity and progress among ethnic groups.The policy on freedom of religious belief was comprehensively implemented, and the administration of religious affairs was put on a more solid legal footing and further standardized.We comprehensively implemented the policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives.全面加强军队现代化建设。积极推进中国特色军事变革。调整改革军队体制编制和政策制度，裁减军队员额20万任务顺利完成。国防和军队建设取得历史性成就。人民解放军和人民武装警察部队为维护国家主权、安全、领土完整和促进社会和谐稳定作出了重大贡献。
We stepped up all efforts to modernize the military.We vigorously pressed ahead with the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.We adjusted and reformed the military's structure and staffing and its related policies and systems and smoothly cut its size by 200,000 personnel.We made historic achievements in strengthening national defense and the military.The People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force made major contributions to safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and to promoting social harmony and stability.坚持“一国两制”方针，严格按照香港特别行政区基本法和澳门特别行政区基本法办事。实施内地与香港、澳门更紧密经贸关系安排。香港、澳门保持繁荣稳定。
We adhered to the principle of “one country, two systems” and acted in strict accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region.We implemented the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement between the mainland and the regions of Hong Kong and Macao.Both regions remained thriving and stable.坚决反对和遏制“台独”分裂活动，捍卫国家主权与领土完整，维护台海和平。实施一系列有利于人员往来和经济科技教育文化体育交流的措施，促进了两岸关系和平稳定发展。
We resolutely opposed and foiled secessionist activities aimed at Taiwan independence, thereby protecting China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and safeguarding peace in the Taiwan Straits.We carried out a number of measures to make it easier for people to visit between the two sides and for economic, scientific, educational, cultural and sports exchanges to take place in order to promote the peaceful and steady development of cross-Straits relations.积极开展对外交往与合作，全方位外交取得重大进展，坚定地维护和发展了国家利益。我国同主要大国加强了对话，增进了信任，扩大了合作。中美关系稳定发展，中俄战略协作伙伴关系提高到新水平，中欧全面合作日益深化，中日关系得到改善，同周边国家睦邻友好关系进一步加强，区域合作取得新成果，同发展中国家的团结合作开创了新局面。成功举办一系列重大多边外交活动。妥善应对国际上各种新挑战，积极负责地参与解决全球性问题，在解决国际和地区热点问题上发挥着重要的建设性作用。
We actively promoted exchange and cooperation with other countries, made major progress in conducting diplomacy on all fronts, and resolutely safeguarded and developed China's interests.China stepped up dialogue with the major countries and increased trust and expanded cooperation with them.China-U.S.relations developed steadily, the China-Russia partnership of strategic coordination reached a new height, China-Europe cooperation in all areas went from strength to strength, and China-Japan relations improved.Good-neighborly relations with surrounding countries were further strengthened, further achievements were made in regional cooperation, and China's solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries entered a new stage.We successfully carried out a series of major multilateral diplomatic activities.We appropriately responded to new challenges in the international arena, actively and responsibly participated in efforts to resolve global issues, and played an important and constructive role in the resolution of issues concerning international and regional hotspots.五年来，我们始终重视政府自身改革和建设。本届政府把实行科学民主决策、推进依法行政、加强行政监督作为政府工作的三项基本准则。制定全面推进依法行政实施纲要，推动政府职能转变和管理创新，强化社会管理和公共服务。认真贯彻实施行政许可法，推进行政审批制度改革，国务院各部门取消和调整行政审批项目692项。推进政务公开，完善新闻发布制度，加强电子政务建设。全国应急管理体系基本建立。监察、审计等专门监督工作卓有成效。公务员教育培训和管理法制化建设进一步加强。坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争和加强政风建设，治理商业贿赂工作取得良好成效，依法查处违法违规案件和失职渎职行为，惩处腐败分子。
We paid close attention to self-reform and self-improvement of the government during the five-year period.This government took scientific and democratic policy-making, law-based administration and better administrative oversight as the three basic principles for its work.We formulated the Program for Advancing All Aspects of Government Administration in Accordance with the Law and promoted change in the way the government functions and innovations in management, thereby improving public administration and public services.We diligently carried out the Administrative Permit Law and promoted reform of the system of administrative examination and approval.As a result, departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined a total of 692 items requiring examination and approval.We promoted greater openness in government affairs, improved the system for releasing information, and increased the application of e-government.Establishment of a national emergency response management system was basically completed.Oversight work such as supervision and auditing was quite effective.Further improvement was made in education and training of civil servants and in developing a legislative framework for civil-service administration.We worked unceasingly to combat corruption and improve the conduct of the government, made good progress in combating bribery in business, uncovered a number of violations of laws and regulations and cases of neglect and dereliction of duty, and punished corrupt persons.过去五年，我们在丰富实践中积累了许多宝贵经验，主要体会是：
We learned many valuable lessons in our experiences over the last five years.The main ones are as follows.第一，必须坚持解放思想。解放思想、实事求是是我们党的思想路线。只有坚持一切从实际出发，破除迷信，敢于冲破不合时宜的观念束缚，尊重群众首创精神，大胆探索、实践和创造，与时俱进，才能使社会主义现代化事业充满生机和活力。
First, we must continue to liberate our thinking.Liberating our thinking and following a realistic and pragmatic approach is the Party's ideological line.We must proceed from reality in everything we do, eliminate superstition, break the shackles of outdated ideas, respect the people's pioneering spirit, boldly explore new ways, take concrete action, be creative, and keep up with the times to ensure that the cause of socialist modernization retains its great vitality.第二，必须坚持落实科学发展观。科学发展观是发展中国特色社会主义的重大战略思想，是我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针。我们要坚持把发展作为第一要务，着力转变经济发展方式，调整经济结构，提高经济增长质量和效益；坚持以人为本，注重统筹兼顾，推动全面协调可持续发展。只有深入贯彻落实科学发展观，才能实现经济社会又好又快发展，促进社会和谐。
Second, we must steadfastly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.This is a major strategic concept for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development.We must continue to take development as the top priority, concentrate on changing the way the economy develops, and adjust the economic structure to improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth.We must always put people first, attach great importance to overall planning, and promote comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.Only by thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development can we achieve sound and rapid economic and social development and promote social harmony.第三，必须坚持改革开放。改革开放是决定当代中国命运重大而关键的抉择。我们要坚定不移地推进经济体制改革、政治体制改革，发展社会主义民主政治，完善社会主义市场经济体制，解放和发展生产力，促进社会公平正义，实现人的全面发展。开放也是改革，开放兼容才能强国。改革开放贯穿于社会主义现代化建设的整个过程，任何时候都不能动摇。
Third, we must adhere to the reform and opening up policy.Reform and opening up is a major and crucial choice that is shaping the destiny of contemporary China.We need to unswervingly promote reform in economic and political institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist market economy, liberate and develop the productive forces, promote social fairness and justice, and achieve all-round personal development.Opening up is also a kind of reform, and a nation cannot become strong if it is not open and inclusive.We must continue to pursue reform and opening up throughout the course of socialist modernization and never deviate from this policy.第四，必须坚持搞好宏观调控。宏观调控与市场机制都是社会主义市场经济体制的组成部分。我们要更大程度地发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，增强企业活力和竞争力。同时，要加强和改善宏观调控，坚持主要运用经济手段、法律手段，发挥各种政策的组合效应；坚持区别对待、有保有压，不搞一刀切，不搞急刹车；坚持不断总结经验，及时调整政策，注重实际效果。只有把市场机制和宏观调控有机结合起来，才能保证整个经济充满活力、富有效率、持续健康协调发展。
Fourth, we must continue to exercise effective macroeconomic regulation.Both macroeconomic regulation and market forces are components of the socialist market economy.We need to make better use of the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, revitalize enterprises and improve their competitive edge.At the same time, we need to improve macroeconomic regulation, continue to carry out macroeconomic regulation mainly through economic and legal means, and get the complete range of government policies to fully play their role.We must continue to deal with each situation on its own merits, encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others as the situation requires, and refrain from taking a uniform approach to different situations or putting on the brakes without good reason.We must continue to draw lessons from our experiences, make policy adjustments as needed and be result-oriented.We must integrate the use of market forces with macroeconomic regulation in order to ensure that the economy remains vigorous, performs well, and develops in a sustainable, healthy and balanced way.第五，必须坚持执政为民。政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的，执政为民是各级政府的崇高使命。我们要牢记全心全意为人民服务的宗旨，把实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益，作为政府工作的出发点和落脚点。更加注重保障和改善民生，特别要关心和解决城乡低收入群众的生活困难，使全体人民共享改革发展成果。只有坚持一切属于人民，一切为了人民，一切依靠人民，一切归功于人民，我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。
Fifth, we must continue to run the government for the people.All the power of the government comes from the people, and running the government for them is a lofty mission of governments at all levels.We must never forget that serving the people wholeheartedly is our purpose, and make sure that the aim and outcome of the work of the government is to fulfill, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people.We need to attach greater importance to ensuring the well-being of the people and improving their lives, in particular showing concern for urban and rural residents with low incomes and helping them make ends meet in their daily lives, in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.We must always keep in mind that everything belongs to the people, do everything for their benefit, rely on them in everything we do and attribute all our successes to their efforts.Only by doing so can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for ensuring success in all our endeavors.第六，必须坚持依法行政。遵守宪法和法律是政府一切工作的根本原则。我们要严格按照法定权限和程序行使权力、履行职责，加强政府立法，规范行政执法，完善行政监督，建设法治政府，不断提高依法行政能力。只有全面推行依法行政，努力做到有权必有责、用权受监督、侵权要赔偿、违法要追究，让权力在阳光下运行，才能保证人民赋予的权力始终用来为人民谋利益。
Sixth, we must continue to run the government in accordance with the law.Abiding by the Constitution and laws is a fundamental principle for all the work of the government.We need to exercise our power and perform our functions and responsibilities within the jurisdiction stipulated by law and in accordance with legal procedures, improve government legislative work, standardize administrative law enforcement, improve administrative oversight, develop law-based government and enhance our ability to carry out administrative functions in accordance with the law.We must ensure that government administration fully complies with the law, that power comes with responsibility, that there is proper oversight on the exercise of power, that reparation is paid for infringement of rights, that any violation of the law is prosecuted, and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.This is the only way to ensure that the power entrusted to us by the people is always exercised in their interests.我们也清醒地认识到，经济社会发展和政府工作中还存在不少问题，国内外形势发展变化使我们面临诸多新的挑战和风险。
We are also clearly aware that there are still many problems affecting China's economic and social development and the work of the government, and that changes in the domestic and international environment present many new challenges and risks.——经济运行中一些突出问题和深层次矛盾依然存在。近年来固定资产投资增长过快，货币信贷投放过多，国际收支不平衡。长期形成的结构性矛盾和增长方式粗放问题仍然突出。投资与消费关系不协调，投资率持续偏高；一二三产业发展不协调，工业特别是重工业比重偏大，服务业比重偏低；自主创新能力不强，经济增长的资源环境代价过大。
-There are still some prominent issues and deep-rooted problems affecting economic performance.China has experienced overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, and imbalance in its international payments in recent years.Longstanding structural problems and the extensive pattern of growth remain serious problems.There is a lack of balance between investment and consumption, with the investment rate still running too high.Development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is not in balance, with too much investment in primary industry, particularly heavy industry, but too little investment in the service industry.China's capacity for independent innovation is still weak and the price paid for economic growth in terms of resource consumption and environmental pressure is too great.农业基础仍然薄弱，农业稳定发展和农民持续增收难度加大，城乡、区域发展差距扩大的趋势尚未扭转。特别是影响经济发展的体制机制障碍还相当突出，改革攻坚任务繁重。
Agriculture, the foundation of the economy, remains weak.The difficulty of maintaining steady agricultural development and keeping the incomes of farmers increasing has grown, and the growing development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions has not been checked.In particular, the institutional factors hindering economic development remain serious, making institutional reform a daunting task.——涉及群众切身利益的问题有待进一步解决。当前物价上涨、通货膨胀压力加大，是广大群众最为关注的问题。去年居民消费价格总水平比上年上涨4.8%，主要是食品和居住类价格涨幅较大。物价上涨有多方面的因素：国内农产品价格多年在低位运行，近期的价格上涨有其必然性和一定的合理因素，但对群众特别是低收入群众生活影响较大；近年来国际市场初级产品价格大幅上升，也直接影响国内价格上涨。
-More work needs to be done to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.The current price hikes and increasing inflationary pressures are the biggest concern of the people.Last year's consumer price index(CPI)rose by 4.8% year-on-year, mainly due to large increases in the cost of food and housing.There are a variety of factors behind the price increases.Though the domestic prices of farm products have remained low for many years and some of the recent price increases were therefore overdue and somewhat reasonable, price increases nevertheless have a great impact on people's lives, especially on the lives of the low-income sector of the population.The prices of primary commodities on the international market have risen considerably in recent years, which directly puts upward pressure on domestic prices.由于推动价格上涨的因素还将存在，今年价格上涨的压力仍然较大。同时，生产资料价格不断上升，房地产等资产价格上涨过快，防止通货膨胀的任务相当艰巨。劳动就业、社会保障、教育、医疗卫生、收入分配、住房、产品质量安全、安全生产、社会治安等方面，还有不少问题需要认真加以解决。
Because factors driving prices up are still at work, upward pressure on prices will remain great this year.In addition, prices of the means of production have continued to rise and real estate prices have risen steeply, making the task of holding down inflation difficult.There are still quite a few problems in employment, the social safety net, education, medical and health care, income distribution, housing, product quality and safety, workplace safety and public security, and we need to work harder to resolve them.——国际经济环境变化不确定因素和潜在风险增加。随着经济全球化深入发展，我国经济与世界经济联系越来越密切。当前全球经济失衡加剧、增速放缓，国际竞争更加激烈；美国次级抵押贷款危机影响蔓延，美元持续贬值，国际金融市场风险增大；国际市场粮食价格上涨，石油等初级产品价格高位运行；贸易保护主义加剧，贸易摩擦增多。
-Both uncertainties in the international economic environment and potential risks have increased.As economic globalization proceeds, the Chinese economy becomes increasingly tied to the world economy.The current imbalance in the global economy is only getting worse and global economic growth is slowing, making international competition even fiercer.The impact of the U.S.sub-prime mortgage crisis is expanding, the value of the dollar is continuing to fall, and there is greater risk in international financial markets.Grain prices are rising and prices for petroleum and other primary products remain high in the international market.Trade protectionism has gotten worse, and trade frictions have increased.国际上一些政治因素对世界经济走势的影响也不容忽视。这些都可能对我国经济发展带来不利影响。我国正处在改革发展的关键时期，必须充分做好应对国际环境变化的各种准备，提高防范风险的能力。
The effect of certain political factors in the international arena on world economic trends cannot be overlooked.All this could adversely affect China's economic development.China is now in a critical period in its reform and development, and we must be fully prepared for changes in the international environment and become better able to defuse risks.——政府自身建设和管理需要加强。我们深深感到，政府工作与形势的要求和人民的期望还有不小差距。政府职能转变还不到位，社会管理和公共服务比较薄弱；一些部门职责交叉、权责脱节，相互推诿，办事效率低下；一些政府工作人员服务意识不强，素质不高；对权力的监督和约束机制不健全，形式主义、官僚主义问题比较突出，弄虚作假、奢侈浪费和腐败现象比较严重。
-The government's self-improvement efforts and administration need to be strengthened.We are keenly aware that the work and accomplishments of the government still fall somewhat short of what circumstances require and the people expect.The functions of government have not been completely transformed, and public administration and public services are still weak.Some government departments have overlapping responsibilities, their powers and responsibilities are not well matched, some try to shirk their responsibilities, and their performance is poor.Some government employees have an inadequate sense of responsibility toward the public and are not competent enough.Oversight mechanisms and checks on government authority are not strong enough.The problems of formalism and bureaucratic behavior are fairly common, and fraud, extravagance and waste, and corruption are quite serious.我们一定要始终保持清醒头脑，增强忧患意识，以对国家、对人民高度负责的使命感和紧迫感，更加兢兢业业、扎扎实实地做好政府各项工作。
We must remain clear-headed at all times, be more mindful of potential danger, be highly responsible to the country and the people, maintain a high sense of mission and urgency, work even more industriously, and successfully carry out all of the government's work.各位代表！
Fellow Deputies, 过去五年的成就和进步，来之不易。这是在改革开放多年来奠定的基础上取得的，是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央驾驭全局、正确领导的结果，是全国各族人民奋发进取、共同努力的结果，也是与广大海外侨胞、国际友人的支持和帮助分不开的。
The achievements of the past five years have not come easily.They were built on a foundation laid through many years of reform and opening up, and are attributable to the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, which has effectively managed the overall situation.Credit also goes to the hard work and concerted effort of the people of all the ethnic groups in China, and to the support and assistance of overseas Chinese nationals and foreign friends.在战胜种种严重困难和挑战、完成各项重大任务中，充分表现了中国人民不畏艰险、一往无前的决心、勇气和意志。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞和台湾同胞，以及广大侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向世界各国政府、国际组织和国际友人对中国现代化事业的理解和支持，表示诚挚的感谢！
Displaying indomitable determination, courage and will, the Chinese people have overcome untold difficulties and challenges and accomplished major tasks.On behalf of the State Council, I would like to sincerely thank the people of all the ethnic groups, the democratic parties, the people's organizations and people from all sectors of society.I would like to express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese nationals.I would like to thank governments of other countries, international organizations and foreign friends of China around the world for their understanding of and support for China's modernization.二、2008年主要任务 II.Major Tasks for 2008
今年是全面贯彻党的十七大精神的第一年，改革发展任务繁重而艰巨，做好政府工作意义重大。
This is the first year for comprehensively implementing the guiding principles set out at the Seventeenth CPC National Congress.We face arduous tasks in reform and development, and it is very important for us to successfully carry out the work of the government.政府工作的基本思路和主要任务是：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，更加重视加强和改善宏观调控，更加重视推进改革开放和自主创新，更加重视调整经济结构和提高发展质量，更加重视节约资源和保护环境，更加重视改善民生和促进社会和谐，推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设，加快全面建设小康社会进程。
The basic guidelines and major tasks for the government's work are as follows: we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;fully apply the Scientific Outlook on Development;attach greater importance to improving macroeconomic regulation, promoting reform, opening up and independent innovation, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality of development, conserving resources and protecting the environment, and improving people's lives and promoting social harmony;promote socialist economic, political, cultural and social development;and accelerate the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.今年国民经济和社会发展的预期目标是：在优化结构、提高效益、降低消耗、保护环境的基础上，国内生产总值增长8%左右；居民消费价格总水平涨幅控制在4.8%左右；城镇新增就业1000万人，城镇登记失业率控制在4.5%左右；国际收支状况有所改善。
We have set the following targets for economic and social development in 2008: on the basis of improving the economic structure, productivity, energy efficiency and environmental protection, the GDP should grow by about 8%, and the rise in the CPI should be held at around 4.8%.Ten million jobs should be created in urban areas, and the rate of registered urban unemployment should be kept at around 4.5%.Some improvement should be made in the balance of payments.这里要着重说明，提出国内生产总值增长8%左右，主要是综合考虑了国内和国际多种因素，着眼于保持经济平稳较快发展，引导各方面把主要精力和工作重点放在转变发展方式、深化改革、加快社会建设上，防止片面追求和盲目攀比经济增长速度，实现经济社会又好又快发展。
It is important to note here that in setting the GDP growth target at around 8% for 2008, we have taken into account a variety of domestic and international factors.Our goal is to maintain both steady and fast economic growth, and guide all sectors of society to concentrate on changing the pattern of development, deepening reform and accelerating social development.The different regions should not just seek faster growth or compete with each other to have the highest growth rate.We should promote both sound and fast economic and social development.提出居民消费价格总水平涨幅控制在4.8%左右，主要是由于去年价格上涨对今年价格的翘尾影响较大，推动价格上涨的因素较多，控制物价上涨的难度加大；同时，又要考虑到居民、企业和社会各方面承受能力，努力避免物价涨幅过大。The major considerations in setting the target for keeping the CPI this year at around 4.8% are as follows: last year's price increases are still exerting a fairly strong influence and quite a few factors are creating inflationary pressure, making it difficult to bring price increases under control.At the same time, we have to take into consideration the ability of individuals, enterprises and all sectors of society to tolerate price increases and try our best to avoid sharp price increases.实现经济社会发展的目标和任务，需要把握以下原则：
To attain the targets and accomplish the tasks for this year's economic and social development, we must adhere to the following principles: 坚持稳中求进，促进经济平稳较快发展；坚持好字优先，加快转变经济发展方式；坚持改革开放，注重推进制度建设和创新；
we must make progress while maintaining stability and aim for fast yet steady economic development.We must give priority to the quality rather than speed of development and accelerate improvement in the pattern of economic development.We must pursue reform and opening up and attach great importance to promoting institutional improvements and innovations.坚持以人为本，加快以改善民生为重点的社会建设。今年经济工作，要把防止经济增长由偏快转为过热、防止价格由结构性上涨演变为明显通货膨胀作为宏观调控的首要任务；鉴于当前国内外经济形势发展的不确定因素较多，要密切跟踪分析新情况新问题，审时度势，从实际出发，及时灵活地采取相应对策，正确把握宏观调控的节奏、重点和力度，保持经济平稳较快发展，避免出现大的起落。
We must put people first and accelerate social development, with the focus on improving people's lives.The primary task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent fast economic growth from becoming overheated growth and keep structural price increases from turning into significant inflation.There are quite a few uncertainties in the current economic situation at home and abroad, so we need to keep close track of new developments and problems, properly size up situations and take prompt and flexible measures to respond to them while keeping our feet firmly rooted in reality.We need to maintain the appropriate pace, focus and intensity of macroeconomic regulation to sustain steady and fast economic development and avoid drastic fluctuations in the economy.今年要着重抓好以下九个方面工作：
We need to concentrate on the following nine tasks this year:
（一）搞好宏观调控，保持经济平稳较快发展
1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to maintain fast yet steady economic development.根据国内外经济形势和宏观调控任务的要求，今年要实行稳健的财政政策和从紧的货币政策。
In view of the current domestic and international economic situation we need to follow a prudent fiscal policy and a tight monetary policy this year to accomplish the tasks for macroeconomic regulation.继续实行稳健的财政政策，就是要保持财政政策的连续性和稳定性，充分发挥财政促进结构调整和协调发展的重要作用，增加对薄弱环节、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出；同时，进一步减少财政赤字和长期建设国债。
Continuing to follow a prudent fiscal policy means that we must ensure the continuity and consistency of fiscal policy, get public finance to fully play its important role in promoting structural adjustment and balanced development, and increase expenditures to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform.In addition, we need to further reduce the budget deficit and the volume of long-term development treasury bonds.今年，中央财政赤字预算拟安排1800亿元，比去年预算赤字减少650亿元；拟安排国债投资300亿元，比去年减少200亿元；增加中央预算内经常性建设投资，中央建设投资总计为1521亿元。
The deficit for the central government budget this year is set at 180 billion yuan, 65 billion yuan less than last year.We plan to issue 30 billion yuan of treasury bonds for investment, 20 billion yuan less than last year, and increase allocations from the central government budget for general development, bringing total central government investment in development projects up to 152.1 billion yuan.11 继续调整财政支出和政府投资结构，较大幅度地增加“三农”、社会保障、医疗卫生、教育、文化、节能减排和廉租住房建设等方面支出。要抓好增收节支，依法加强税收征管，规范非税收入管理，控制一般性支出。改革政府投资管理方式，提高投资使用效益。
We will continue to adjust the structure of government spending and investment by greatly increasing spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the social safety net, medical and health care, education, culture, energy conservation and emissions reduction, and construction of low-rent housing.We will work hard to increase revenue and reduce expenditures, tighten tax collection and management in accordance with the law, improve management of non-tax revenue, and control regular expenditures.We need to reform the management of government investment to improve the performance of investments.合理安排财政超收收入。去年全国财政比预算超收7239亿元，其中中央财政超收4168亿元。超预算收入使用的原则是：集中财力办关系民生和制度性建设方面的事，调整结构，加强薄弱环节。
Government revenue surplus must be used wisely.Total government revenue exceeded the targeted figure by more than 723.9 billion yuan last year, including 416.8 billion yuan in the central government budget.Surplus revenue should be concentrated on solving problems that have a direct bearing on people's lives, making institutional and structural improvements and strengthening weak links.依法增加地方两税返还和一般性转移支付的支出；增加农林水、教育、文化和科技方面支出；增加社会保障、医疗卫生、司法保障和廉租住房建设支出；增加节能减排和环境保护支出；解决农村义务教育债务和国有粮食企业财务挂账等历史遗留问题支出。同时，削减财政赤字450亿元；拟增加中央预算稳定调节基金1032亿元。
Spending on the following items will be increased in accordance with the law: rebates on the consumption tax and value-added tax and general transfer payments to local governments;agriculture, forestry, water conservancy projects, education, culture, science, the social safety net, medical and health care, legal aid, construction of low-rent housing, energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection;and resolution of debts for rural compulsory education, debts of state-owned grain enterprises and other long-overdue payments.In addition, the budget deficit should be reduced by 45 billion yuan and the central budget stability and regulation fund should be increased by 103.2 billion yuan.实行从紧的货币政策，主要是考虑当前固定资产投资反弹压力较大，货币信贷投放仍然偏多，流动性过剩矛盾尚未缓解，价格上涨压力明显，需要加强金融调控，控制货币供应量和信贷过快增长。
The decision to follow a tight monetary policy was based on the following considerations: the strong possibility of a resurgence in fixed asset investment, continued excessive supplies of money and credit, the still-unsolved problem of excess liquidity, and considerable inflationary pressure.For these reasons, we must improve financial regulation to control the excessively rapid growth in the supplies of money and credit.一要综合运用公开市场操作、存款准备金率等方式，加大对冲流动性力度；合理发挥利率杠杆调节作用；完善人民币汇率形成机制，增强汇率弹性。
First, we will step up efforts to curb excess liquidity by using a combination of open market operations and the required deposit reserve ratio.We will make appropriate use of the lever of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime to make the exchange rate more flexible.二要着力优化信贷结构，严格执行贷款条件，有保有压。控制中长期贷款增长，特别是对高耗能、高排放企业和产能过剩行业的贷款；创新和改进银行信贷服务，完善担保、贴息等制度，加大对“三农”、服务业、中小企业、自主创新、节能环保、区域协调发展等方面的贷款支持。
Second, with the focus on improving the credit structure, we will strictly follow requirements for granting loans and guarantee some loans while restricting others.We will limit the increase in long-and medium-term loans, particularly to enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting and enterprises in industries with excess production capacity.We will make innovations and improvements in bank credit services, improve the systems of guarantees and interest discounts, and increase credit support for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, service industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, independent innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, and balancing regional development.三要深化外汇管理体制改革。完善结售汇制度，加强跨境资本流动监管，稳步推进资本项目可兑换。拓展外汇储备使用渠道和方式。同时，采取综合措施，努力改善国际收支状况。
Third, we will deepen reform of the foreign exchange administration system.We will improve the system for foreign exchange settlements and sales and payments in foreign exchange, tighten oversight on the flow of capital across borders, and move steadily toward making the RMB convertible for capital accounts.We will develop new channels and means for using foreign exchange reserves.Comprehensive measures will be adopted to improve the balance of payments.防止价格总水平过快上涨，是今年宏观调控的重大任务。必须从增加有效供给和抑制不合理需求两方面采取有力措施。
One major task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent the overall price level from rising rapidly.To fulfill this task, we must take powerful measures to increase effective supply while curbing excessive demand.一要大力发展生产，特别要加强粮食、食用植物油、肉类等基本生活必需品和其他紧缺商品生产，认真落实支持发展生产的政策措施，搞好产运销衔接。
First, we must expand production, especially the production of the basic necessities of life such as grain, vegetable oil and meat as well as other commodities in short supply.We must also earnestly implement policies and measures designed to support production and ensure coordination in the production, transport and sale of products.二要严格控制工业用粮和粮食出口。坚决制止玉米深加工能力盲目扩张，违规在建项目必须停建。
Second, we must strictly control industrial use of grain and grain exports.The reckless expansion of the capacity for intensive corn processing and construction work on such projects that violate regulations must be stopped.三要加快健全储备体系，改进和完善储备调节和进出口调节方式，适当增加国内紧缺重要消费品进口。
Third, we need to speed up improvement of the reserve system, improve methods for adjusting reserves and import and export volumes, and appropriately increase imports of major consumer goods that are in short supply on the domestic market.四要把握好政府调价的时机和力度，必须调整的资源性产品价格和公共服务收费也要从严控制，防止出现轮番涨价。
Fourth, we need to ensure that the timing and the size of government adjustments to prices are appropriate, and necessary adjustment of prices of resource products and public services should also be strictly controlled to prevent waves of price increases.五要健全大宗农产品、初级产品供求和价格变动的监测预警制度，做好市场供应和价格应急预案。
Fifth, we need to improve the early-warning system to monitor supply and demand and price changes of principal agricultural products and primary products, and put in place a plan for responding to drastic changes in market supply and demand and prices.六要加强市场和价格监管，抓好教育收费、医药价格、农资价格及涉农收费的监督检查。依法打击串通涨价、囤积居奇、哄抬物价等违法违规行为。
Sixth, we must strengthen market and price oversight and pay close attention to the oversight and inspection of prices and charges related to education, medical care, drugs, agricultural supplies, agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Illegal activities such as colluding or hoarding to drive up prices will be punished in accordance with the law.七要及时完善和落实对低收入群众的补助办法，特别要增加对生活困难群众和家庭经济困难学生的补贴，确保他们基本生活水平不因物价上涨而下降。
Seventh, we need to promptly improve and implement measures to aid the low-income sector of the population.In particular, we need to increase subsidies to poor people and students from poor families to ensure that their basic living standards do not drop because of price increases.八要遏制生产资料尤其是农业生产资料价格过快上涨。
Eighth, we must work to make sure that the prices of the means of production, particularly agricultural supplies, do not rise rapidly.九要坚持实行“米袋子”省长负责制和“菜篮子”市长负责制。物价问题与人民生活密切相关，各级政府一定要把稳定市场物价放在更加重要的位置。
Ninth, we will continue to implement the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the “rice bag”(grain supply)program and city mayors for the “vegetable basket”(non-staple food supply)program.Governments at all levels must give high priority to keeping prices stable because price stability has a direct bearing on the quality of people's lives.现在，国家粮食库存充裕，主要工业消费品供大于求，只要切实加强领导，认真落实各项政策措施，上下共同努力，就一定能够保证市场供应和价格基本稳定。
The country currently has an adequate stock of grain, and the supply of major manufactured consumer goods exceeds demand.We can ensure adequate supply in the market and basic price stability as long as governments at all levels work to improve their leadership, diligently implement all policies and measures, and mount a concerted effort from the highest to the lowest level.近期发生的严重低温雨雪冰冻灾害，给经济造成重大损失，给群众生活带来很大困难。要继续做好灾后重建工作，把灾害损失减少到最低程度。要以电网恢复重建为重点抓紧修复基础设施，尽快恢复农业生产，加强煤电油运协调工作，妥善安排受灾地区群众生活。同时，要从这次特大自然灾害中，认真总结经验教训。加强电力、交通、通信等基础设施建设，提高抗灾和保障能力；加强应急体系和机制建设，提高预防和处置突发事件能力；加强对现代条件下自然灾害特点和规律的研究，提高防灾减灾能力。
The recent disaster resulting from snow and ice storms caused significant losses to China's economy and made life very difficult for disaster victims.We will continue the work of repairing the damage and minimizing losses from the disaster.Affected infrastructure will be promptly repaired, with the focus on restoring power grids.Agricultural production will be resumed as soon as possible.We will closely coordinate supplies of coal, electricity, petroleum and transportation to help disaster victims get back on their feet.In addition, we will learn from this large-scale natural disaster.We must accelerate development of infrastructure, including electricity, transportation and communications, to improve its capacity to resist disasters and maintain normal operations.We must improve the systems and mechanisms for responding to disasters to increase our ability to prevent and handle emergencies.We must step up research to better understand the features and patterns of natural disasters under modern conditions and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate them.(二）加强农业基础建设，促进农业发展和农民增收.2.Strengthening agriculture as the foundation of the economy, promoting development of agriculture and increasing farmer incomes.今年，要千方百计争取农业有个好收成，努力增加农民收入，推进社会主义新农村建设。突出抓好三件事：
We will do everything possible to ensure a good harvest this year and work to increase farmer incomes and build a new socialist countryside.We will concentrate on the following three areas: 一是大力发展粮食生产，保障农产品供给。粮食安全，关系经济社会发展全局，关系人民群众切身利益，丝毫不能放松粮食生产。要切实稳定粮食种植面积，提高单产水平。加大对粮食主产区和种粮农民的扶持力度，实施粮食战略工程，加快建立粮食核心产区，全面提高粮食综合生产能力和供给保障能力。农业生产既要增加总量，又要优化品种结构，促进各类重要农产品稳定增长。认真落实支持生猪、奶业、油料发展的政策措施。积极发展畜牧水产业，扶持和促进规模化健康养殖。推进农业标准化生产，提高农产品的质量安全水平。
First, we will vigorously develop grain production and ensure the supply of agricultural products.Grain security has an overall bearing on economic and social development and affects the vital interests of the people, so we must always pay close attention to grain production.We must effectively keep the area sown to grain crops stable and increase the yield per unit area.We will increase support for major grain-producing areas and grain farmers, carry out the grain strategy project and speed up efforts to establish core grain-producing areas to enhance the overall grain production capacity and become more able to ensure adequate supplies.While working to increase agricultural output, we also need to improve the structure of grain varieties grown and promote a constant increase in the production of important agricultural products.We will conscientiously implement policies and measures to boost pig production, dairy farming and oilseed production.We will energetically develop animal husbandry and aquaculture and support and promote their large-scale development as well as healthy farming practices.We will promote standardization of agricultural production to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.二是加强农业基础设施建设，加快完成大种型和重点小型病险水库除险加固任务。搞好小型农田水利建设，大力发展节水灌溉。加大土地开发整理复垦力度，搞好中低产田改造，提高耕地质量，建设一批高标准农田。加强农村饮水、道路、电网、通信、文化等基础设施建设，大力发展农村公共交通，改善农村人居环境。今年要再解决3200万农村人口的安全饮水问题，增加500万农村沼气用户支持建设一批大中型沼气项目。
Second, we will intensify development of the agricultural infrastructure.We will speed up efforts to reinforce large and medium-sized reservoirs and dilapidated key small reservoirs.We will improve irrigated areas, build small water conservancy facilities and work hard to develop water-efficient irrigation.We will increase efforts to develop, improve and reclaim land, upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland, improve the productivity of farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will step up rural infrastructure development in drinking water supplies, roads, power grids, telecommunications and cultural facilities, vigorously develop rural public transportation systems and improve the rural living environment.We will provide safe drinking water for another 32 million rural residents and support the building of a number of large and medium-sized methane facilities to serve an additional five million rural families.三是拓宽农民增收渠道。加快发展高产优质高效生态安全农业，支持农业产业化经营和龙头企业发展，加强农村现代市场流通体系建设，壮大和提升农村二三产业，发展乡镇企业，增强县域经济实力。加强农村职业教育和技能培训，提高农民转移就业能力，发展劳务经济。加大扶贫开发力度，继续减少贫困人口.Third, we will develop more channels to increase rural incomes.We will accelerate the development of high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, eco-friendly and safe agriculture and support the development of industrialized agricultural operations and pacesetting enterprises.We will increase efforts to build a modern marketing and retail distribution network for rural areas, strengthen and upgrade rural secondary and tertiary industries, develop township and village enterprises and strengthen county economies.We will step up vocational education and technical training in rural areas to make it easier for rural residents to find nonagricultural employment, and develop the labor economy.We will intensify poverty alleviation efforts through development and continue to reduce the number of poor people.主要措施是：
The major measures we are going to take are as follows: 一要大力增加投入。今年财政支农投入的增量要明显高于上年，国家固定资产投资用于农村的增强要明显高于上年，政府土地出让收入用于农村建设的增量要明显高于上年。调整耕地占用税的使用方向，改革城市建设维护税使用办法，增加农村建设。今年中央财政安排“三农”支出5625亿元，比上年增加1307亿元.First, we will greatly increase funding.This year's increases in budgetary support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, state fixed asset investment in the countryside and the proportion of government land transfer income used for rural development will all be considerably higher than last year's increases.We will adjust the way tax revenues from the use of farmland for nonagricultural purposes are used and reform methods for using urban construction and maintenance tax receipts to increase funding for rural development.Allocations from this year's central government budget related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers total 562.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 130.7 billion yuan.二要强化和完善农业支持政策。增加粮食直补，农资综合直补。扩大良种补贴规模和范围增加农机具购置补贴种类，提高补贴标准，从今年起农机具购置补贴覆盖到所有农业县。根据情况提高粮食最低收购价.Second, we will strengthen agricultural support policies.We will increase direct subsidies for grain producers and general direct subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies.We will expand both the size and scope of subsidies for using superior seed varieties.We will subsidize the purchase of more kinds of agricultural machinery and tools and raise such subsidies.Starting this year, eligibility for these subsidies will be expanded to all agricultural counties.We will raise the minimum grain purchase prices based on actual conditions.三要坚持最严格的耕地保护制度特别是加强基本农田保护。按土地利用总体规划从严审查调查各类规划的用地规模和标准，严格执行土地用途管理制度，依法严格管理农村集体和个人建设用地，坚决制止违法违规占用耕地和林地的行为.Third, we will adhere to the strictest possible system for protecting farmland, and in particular we will increase protection of basic farmland.We will carefully examine and adjust the amounts and standards for land use in all types of plans in accordance with the master plan for land use, strictly follow the system for controlling land use, rigorously manage rural land used for collective and private construction projects in accordance with the law, and resolutely put a stop to illegal appropriation of arable land and forested areas.四要完善农业科技推广和服务体系。加强农业科技创新和成果转化，强化以公益性为主的多元化农业技术推广服务。加快推进农业机械化。加强良种、信息、农产品质量安全和防灾减灾体系建设，搞好动物疫病和植物病虫害防控。加大测土配方施肥规模.Fourth, we will improve the system for spreading agricultural science and technology and providing agricultural technical services.We will work harder to make innovations in agricultural science and technology and apply advances in agricultural science and technology, and improve the diverse array of mainly nonprofit agricultural technical services.We will accelerate agricultural mechanization.We will improve the systems for superior seed varieties, information, and the quality and safety of agricultural products, and for preventing and mitigating disasters, and do a good job preventing and controlling animal epidemics, plant diseases and insect pests.We will expand trial soil testing to determine appropriate fertilizer formulas.五要全面推进农村改革。加快农村综合改革步伐。采取多种有效措施，积极稳妥地化解乡村债务及中央和地方将增加财政投入，用三年左右时间基本化解农村义务教育历史债务。坚持农村基本经营制度，稳定和完善土地承保关系，按照依法自愿有偿原则，健全土地承包经营权流转市场，有条件的地方可以发展多种形式的适度规模经营。大力发展农民专业合作组织。全面推进集体林权制度改革.Fifth, we will carry out rural reform in all areas.We will accelerate overall rural reform.We will adopt effective measures to actively yet prudently reduce the debts of townships and villages.The central and local governments will increase budgetary funding to basically clear up overdue debts for rural compulsory education in about three years.We will adhere to the basic system for rural operations and stabilize and improve land contract relationships.We will improve the market for the compensated, voluntary transfer of land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and allow diverse forms of farming operations to develop to an appropriate scale where conditions permit.We will work hard to develop specialized farmer cooperatives.We will carry out comprehensive reform of the system of collective forest rights.(三）推进经济结构调整，转变发展方式.3.Promoting economic adjustment and changing the pattern of development.坚持扩大内需方针，调整投资和消费关系，促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变。关键是合理控制固定资产投资规模，着力优化投资结构。坚持严把土地、信贷闸门和市场准入标准，特别是要加强和规范新开工心目管理，严格执行项目新开工条件。
We will continue to boost domestic demand, adjust the balance of investment and consumption, and promote the shift from the pattern of economic growth that relies mainly on investment and exports to one that relies on a balanced combination of consumption, investment and exports.It is essential to appropriately control the scale of fixed asset investment and improve the investment structure.We will maintain strict control over the availability of land, credit and market access, and pay particular attention to strengthening and standardizing supervision of new projects to ensure they meet all the conditions for launching.坚决控制高耗能、高排放和产能过剩行业盲目投资和重复建设，提高限制发展行业的准入标准和项目资本金比例。违法违规建设项目要坚决停建。加大对经济社会发展薄弱环节、重点领域和中西部地区的支持力度。从严控制新增建设用地特别是工业用地，今年土地利用计划总规模控制在去年水平。要适应新形势、新情况，加强和改进对社会各类投资活动的引导、调控和监管.Haphazard investment and unneeded development projects in energy intensive and highly polluting industries and industries with excess production capacity will be resolutely stopped, and market access will be tightened and capital requirements will be increased for industries whose development is discouraged.Work on illegal projects will be resolutely stopped.We will increase support for weak links and key areas in economic and social development and give more support to the central and western regions.We must tighten control over the amount of land used for development projects, especially for industrial purposes, and hold the total amount of land used this year to last year's level.We must respond to new conditions and situations by improving guidance, regulation and oversight for all types of investment activities in the country.坚持把推进自主创新作为转变发展方式的中心环节。要认真落实国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，全面启动和组织实施大型飞机、水体污染控制与治理、大型油气田及煤层气开发等国家重大专项。实施基础研究、高技术研究和科技支撑计划。着力突破新能源汽车、高速轨道交通、工农业节水等一批重大关键技术。
We will promote development of the national innovation system, focusing on building a number of national laboratories, national engineering centers, and platforms to support enterprise innovation and enterprise technology centers to strengthen China's science and technology infrastructure.We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology and coordinate and improve resource distribution.The central government will spend 113.4 billion yuan on science and technology in 2008, a year-on-year increase of 13.4 billion yuan.We will improve and implement the policy to support independent innovation, get enterprises to fully play their role as the main parties responsible for technological innovation, and encourage and guide them to increase investment in R&D.We will integrate the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes and develop innovative enterprises.Government procurement of products produced through independent innovation will be increased.Trials in the use of venture capital will be expanded.We will implement the intellectual property rights strategy.We will expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries
推进国家创新体系建设，重点建设一批国家实验室、国家工程中心、面向企业的创新支撑平台和企业技术中心，加强科技基础能力建设。深化科技管理体制改革，统筹和优化科技资源配置。今年中央财政将安排科技支出1134亿元，比上年增加134亿元。完善和落实支持自主创新的政策，充分发挥企业作为技术创新主体的作用，鼓励、引导企业增加研发投入。加大政府采购对自主创新产品的支持力度。扩大创业风险和投资试点范围。实施知识产权战略，加强国际科技合作.We will continue to promote independent innovation as the central link in efforts to change the pattern of development.We need to diligently implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development and fully launch and implement key national projects, including those to develop large aircraft, control pollution in bodies of water, and develop large-scale oil and gas fields and coal seam gas operations.We will carry out plans for basic research, high-tech research, and research to provide scientific and technological support for development.We will work to make major breakthroughs in key technologies for producing vehicles powered by new energy sources, developing high-speed railway transport and saving water in industries..推进产业结构优化升级。坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，推进信息化与工业化融合。着力发展高新技术产业，大力振兴装备制造业，改造和提升传统产业，加快发展服务业特别是现代服务业。继续实施新型显示器、宽带通信与网络、生物医药等一批重大高技术产业专项。
We will promote improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure.We will keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and promote integration of IT application with industrialization.We will work to develop new-and high-technology industries, reinvigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, upgrade traditional industries and accelerate the development of service industries, particularly modern services.We will continue the major projects to apply high technologies in the production of new-type displays, broadband communications and network equipment, and biomedicine.充分发挥国家高新技术开发区的集聚、引领和辐射作用。围绕大型清洁高效发电设备、高档数控机床和基础制造装备等关键领域，推进重大装备、关键零部件及元器件自主研发和国产化。加强地质工作，提高资源勘查开发水平。积极发展现代能源原材料产业和综合运输体系.We will get national new and high technology development zones to fully play their role in pooling resources, guiding development and boosting development in surrounding areas.We will promote domestic R&D and production of important equipment and key spare parts and components, with the focus on key areas such as large clean and highly efficient power generating units, high-grade digital machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment.We will give higher priority to geological work to improve prospecting for and exploitation of natural resources.We will strongly develop the modern energy and raw materials industries and better integrate the transportation system.促进区域协调发展。深入推进西部大开发，建工建设一批重点工程，支持重点地区优化开发。继续搞好天然林保护、防沙治沙、石漠化治理落实退耕还林后续政策。组织实施东北地区振兴规划，支持先进装备制造业发展和资源枯竭型地区经济转型。编制和实施促进中西部崛起计划，落实并完善相关政策。鼓励东部地步率先发展，着力提升国际竞争力。进一步加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区发展的扶持力度。制定并实施主体功能区规划和政策.We will promote balanced development among regions.We will extensively promote the large-scale development of the western region, and launch a number of key projects and support the development of key areas on a priority basis.We will continue to protect natural forests, prevent and control desertification, and reverse and prevent the development of stony deserts, and will implement a follow-up policy to consolidate progress made in converting retired farmland to forests.We will implement the plan to reinvigorate northeast China, and support the development of advanced equipment manufacturing and modern agriculture and the economic transformation of areas depending on resources that are now exhausted.We will formulate and implement a plan to boost development of the central region and implement and improve relevant policies.We will encourage the eastern region to lead the country in development and improve its international competitiveness.We will give more support to old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas to help them develop.We will adopt and implement a plan and policy for development priority zones.(四）加大节能减排和环境保护力度，做好产品质量安全工作.4.Increasing efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment, and ensuring product quality and safety.今年是完成“十一五”节能减排约束性目标的关键一年，务必增强紧迫感，加大攻坚力度，力求取得更大成效。
This year is crucial for meeting the obligatory targets for energy conservation and emissions reduction set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and we must increase our sense of urgency and intensify efforts to make greater progress.一是落实电力、钢铁、水泥、煤炭、造纸等行业淘汰落后生产能力计划。建立淘汰落后产能退出机制，完善和落实关闭企业的配套政策措施。同时，按照规划加强这些行业先进生产能力的建设.First, we will implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries.We will also put in place a mechanism for closing down these facilities and improve and implement support policies and measures for shutting down enterprises.In addition, we will step up efforts to develop advanced production facilities in these industries in accordance with the plan.二是抓好重点企业节能和重点工程建设。加快十大重点节能工程实施进度。提高城镇污水处理能力，力争用两年的时间在36个大城市率先实现污水的全部收集和处理。适当提高排污费、污水处理费和垃圾处理费标准。完善和严格执行建筑标准，大力推进墙体材料革新和建筑节能。稳步推进城镇供热体制和市政公用事业改革.Second, we will focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects.We need to accelerate work on the ten major energy conservation projects.We will increase the urban sewage treatment capacity and strive to reach the goal of 100% collection and treatment of sewage in 36 large cities within two years.Charges for discharging wastewater and for sewage treatment and garbage disposal will be appropriately raised.Building standards will be upgraded and strictly enforced to encourage the development of better wall materials and construction of energy-efficient buildings.We will make steady progress in reforming the urban heating system and public utilities.三是开放和推广节约、替代、循环利用资源和治理污染的先进技术，实施节能减排重大技术和示范工程。大力发展节能服务产业和环保业。开发风能、太阳能等清洁、可再生能源.Third, we will develop and apply advanced and appropriate technologies to save, replace and reuse resources and control pollution, and carry out projects to develop and demonstrate major energy conservation and emissions reduction technologies.We will energetically develop the energy conservation service industry and the environmental protection industry.We will develop clean and renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy.四是做好“三河三湖”、南水北调税源及沿线、三峡库区和松花江等重点流域污染防治工作，实施渤海环境保护总体规划。提高重点流域水污染无的国家排放标准.Fourth, we will prevent and control pollution in key river valleys and regions, including the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Three Gorges Reservoir area.We will implement the master plan for protecting the environment of the Bohai Sea.National standards will have stricter limits for discharge of pollutants in key river valleys.五是加强农村饮用水水源地保护，推进农村生活污染治理，严格控制农村地区工业污染，加强畜禽、水产养殖污染治理，控制农业面源污染.Fifth, we will intensify protection of rural drinking water sources, and work to control sewage and garbage pollution and industrial pollution in rural areas.We will also strengthen control of pollution from livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture as well as agricultural nonpoint source pollution.六是鼓励和支持发展循环经济，促进再生资源回收利用。全面推行清洁生产.Sixth, we will encourage and support the development of a circular economy and promote recycling and reuse of renewable resources.We will also promote cleaner production in all industries.七是加强土地、水、草原、森林、矿产等资源的保护和节约集约利用，严厉查处乱采滥挖矿产资源等违法违规行为。搞好海洋资源保护和合理利用，发展海洋经济。加强气象、地震、测绘基础研究和能力建设.Seventh, we will strengthen efforts to protect, conserve and intensively use natural resources, including land, water, grasslands, forests and minerals, and take stern measures to combat illegal mining of mineral resources.We will effectively protect marine resources, use them wisely, and develop the marine economy.We will intensify China's basic research efforts in meteorology, earthquake science, and surveying and mapping to strengthen these areas.八是实施应对气候变化国家方案，加强应对气候变化能力建设.Eighth, we will implement the national plan to respond to climate change to strengthen China's ability to respond to climate change.九是完善能源资源节约和环境保护奖惩机制。执行节能减排统计监测制度，健全审计、监察体系、加强执法力度，强化节能减排工作责任制.Ninth, we will improve the mechanism for rewarding those who conserve energy and resources and protect the environment and punishing those who waste energy and resources and harm the environment.We will also employ statistical and monitoring systems for conserving energy and reducing emissions, and improve the auditing and supervision systems, increase law enforcement efforts, and tighten the accountability system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.十是增强全社会生态文明观念，动员全体人民更加积极投身于资源节约型、环境友好型、社会建设。节约资源和环境保护要一代一代人持之以恒地进行下去，让我们的祖国山更绿，水更清，天更蓝.Tenth, we will enhance public awareness of the importance of a culture of conservation and encourage the entire nation to participate in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.Resource conservation and environmental protection must continue from generation to generation to make our mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.加强产品质量安全工作。
We will intensify efforts to ensure product quality and safety.一是加快产品质量安全标准制定和修订。今年要完成7700多项食品、药品和其他消费品安全国家标准的制定修改工作，健全食品、药品和其他消费品安全标准体系；食品、消费品安全性能要求及其检测方法标准，都要采用国际标准。出口产品除符合国家标准外，还要符合进口国标准和技术法规的要求。
First, we will accelerate efforts to formulate or update national standards for product quality and safety.This year, we will complete the formulation or updating of more than 7,700 national standards for the safety of food products, drugs and other consumer goods to put in place a sound system of standards for product safety.All requirements and testing methods for the safety and quality of food and other consumer goods will comply with international standards.China's exports will meet both international standards and the laws and regulations on technical standards of the importing countries.二是完善产品质量安全法制保障。加快制定修订涉及产品质量安全的法规，完善行政执法与刑事司法紧密衔接的机制，加强对违法违规企业的惩处力度。
Second, we will improve legal guarantees for product quality and safety.We need to promptly enact or revise laws and regulations pertaining to product quality and safety, and improve the mechanism for effectively coordinating administrative law enforcement and criminal justice to increase punishment for enterprises that violate such laws and regulations.三是健全产品质量安全监管体系。严格执行生产许可、强制认证、注册备案制度，严把市场准入关。提高涉及人身健康和安全产品的生产许可条件和市场准入门槛。加强食品、药品等重点监管工作，严把进出口商量质量关。认真落实产品质量安全责任制。我们一定要让人民群众吃得放心、用得安心，让出口产品享有良好信誉.Third, we will improve the oversight and control systems for product quality and safety.We will follow to the letter the regulations for issuing production permits and mandatory certificates and for registration and record keeping to strictly control market access.We will raise the requirements for production permits and tighten market access for products related to people's health and safety.We need to strengthen quality and safety oversight for essential products such as food and drugs, and strictly control the quality of exports and imports.We will diligently follow the accountability system for product quality and safety.It is imperative that the people feel confident about the safety of food and other consumer goods and that our exports have a good reputation.(五）深化经济体制改革，提高对外开放水平.5.Deepening economic reform and opening wider to the outside world.今年是改革开放30周年，改革开放使中国发生了历史性的巨大变化。我们仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，进一步解放和发展生产力，进一步促进社会公平正义，实现全面建设小康社会和国家现代化的宏伟目标，必须继续坚定不移地推进改革开放。今年着重抓好以下几个方面: It has been 30 years since China introduced the reform and opening up policy, which has brought about great historic changes to the country.However, China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come.To further promote unfettered development of the productive forces, promote greater social fairness and justice, and attain the magnificent goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and modernizing China, we must continue to unswervingly implement the reform and opening up policy.We will concentrate on the following areas this year.推进国有企业改革，完善所有制结构。继续推动国有资本调整和国有企业重组。深化国有企业公司制股份制改革。完善公司法人治理结构。做好政策性关闭破产和主辅分离、辅业改制工作。扩大国有资本经营预算制度试点。深化垄断行业改革，引入竞争机制，加强政府监管和社会监督。
We need to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion.We will protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.We will advance the reform of collectively owned enterprises and develop diverse forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will conscientiously implement the policies for encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of individual-proprietorship businesses and private companies in the nonpublic sector of the economy.In particular, we will help them solve problems related to market access and financial support.严格规范国有企业改制和国有产权转让，防止国有资产流失，保障职工合法权益。推进集体企业改革，发展多种形式的集体经济、合作经济。认真落实鼓励、支持和引导个体私营等非公有制经济发展的各项政策，尤其要解决市场准入和融资支持等方面的问题.We will advance the reform of SOEs and improve their ownership structure.We will continue to adjust state-owned assets and reorganize SOEs.We need to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholding corporations.We will improve corporate governance, carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies, separate SOEs' secondary businesses from their core businesses, and convert the former into independent companies.We will expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital.We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public oversight of them.深化财税体制改革，加快公共财政体系建设。改革预算制度，强化预算管理和监督。完善财政转移支付制度，提高一般性转移支付规模和比例。积极推进省以下财政体制改革。全面实施新的企业所得税法。改革资源税费制度，完善资源的有偿使用制度和生态环境的补偿机制。继续推进增值税转型改革试点，研究制定在全国范围内实施方案.We will deepen reform of the fiscal and taxation systems and accelerate improvement in the public finance system.We will reform the budget system and tighten budgetary management and oversight.We need to improve and standardize the system of transfer payments, raise the volume and proportion of general transfer payments and increase spending on public services.We will energetically push ahead with the reform of fiscal systems at and below the provincial level.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax will be comprehensively enforced.We will reform the system of resource taxes and fees, and improve the compensation systems for use of resources and for damage caused to the ecosystem.We will carry forward the trial VAT reform and formulate a plan to carry out the reform nationwide.加快金融体制改革，加强金融监管。继续深化银行业改革，重点推进中国农业银行股份制改革和国家开发银行改革。建立存款保险制度。加快农村金融改革，强化中国农业银行、中国农业发展银行和中国邮政储蓄银行为“三农”服务的功能，继续深化农村信用社改革，积极推进新型的农村金融机构发展。
We will speed up reform of the financial system and strengthen financial oversight.We will continue deepening reform of the banking industry, focusing on the introduction of a shareholding system in the Agriculture Bank of China and the reform of the China Development Bank.A deposit insurance system will be set up.We will accelerate rural financial reform and strengthen the role of the Agriculture Bank of China, the Agricultural Development Bank of China and the China Postal Savings Bank in serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers.We will continue to deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives and actively promote the development of new types of financial institutions in rural areas.优化资本市场结构，促进股票市场稳定健康发展，着力提高上市公司质量，维护公开公平公正的市场秩序，建立创业板市场，加快发展债券市场，稳步发展期货市场深化保险业改革，积极扩大农业保险的范围，做好政策性农业保险试点工作。依法严厉查处各种金融违法违规行为。切实防范和化解金融风险，维护金融稳定和安全.We will improve the structure of the capital market, promote steady and sound development of the stock markets, strive to improve the performance of listed companies, and maintain an open, fair and equitable market environment.We will establish a market for growth enterprises, accelerate development of the bond market and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance industry, vigorously extend the scope of agricultural insurance, and successfully carry out trials of policy-supported agricultural insurance.We will take stern measures to combat violations of financial laws and regulations and guard against and defuse financial risks to maintain financial stability and security.拓展对外开放广度和深度，提高开放型经济水平。在保持出口平稳增长的同时，加快转变外贸发展方式，优化出口结构，鼓励自主知识产权和自主品牌的产品出口，提高出口产品质量、档次和附加值。扩大服务出口，发展服务外包。积极扩大进口，重点增加先进技术装备、重要原材料和关键零部件及元器件的进口。
We will expand the breadth and depth of China's openness and make its economy more open.We will accelerate change in the pattern of foreign trade growth, improve the mix of exports, encourage the export of products with Chinese intellectual property rights and trademarks, and raise the quality, grade and added value of exports while maintaining steady export growth.We need to increase export of services and encourage foreign businesses to outsource services to China.We will energetically increase imports, with the focus on advanced technology and equipment, important raw materials, and key spare parts and components.优化利用外资产业结构和地区布局，稳步推进服务业的对外开放。限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分资源性外资项目，切实纠正招商引资中违法违规的做法。创新对外投资和合作的方式，完善和落实支持企业“走出去”的政策措施。加强多双边和区域经济合作。继续推进自由贸易区的，认真实施已签署的协定。维护公平的国际贸易秩序.We will improve the mix of industries using foreign investment and their geographic distribution, and steadily make service industries more open.We will limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation, and correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investment.We will make innovations in the way we make investments and engage in cooperation overseas, and improve and implement policies and measures to support Chinese enterprises wishing to “go global.” We will strengthen bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.We will continue to promote talks on free trade zones and honor the treaties we have signed.We are committed to an equitable international trade order.在推进改革开放中，要加快现代市场的体系建设，大力发展现代流通，深入整顿和规范市场秩序，推进社会信用制度建设。
In carrying out reform and opening up, we will accelerate the development of a modern market system, energetically develop modern logistics, intensify efforts to ensure orderly markets and promote the development of a credit system for individuals.（六）更加注重社会建设，着力保障和改善民生.6.Paying closer attention to social development to ensure the wellbeing of the people and improve their lives.坚持优先发展教育。
We will continue to give priority to developing education.一是在全国城乡普遍实行免费义务教育。继续增加农村义务教育公用经费，提高保障水平。适当提高农村家庭经济困难寄宿生生活补助费的补助标准。认真落实保障经济困难家庭、进城务工人员子女平等接受义务教育的措施。在试点的基础上，从今年秋季起全面免除城市义务教育学杂费，这是推动义务教育均衡发展、促进教育公平的又一重大举措。
First, we will make free compulsory education universally available in both urban and rural areas.We will continue increasing regular expenditures for rural compulsory education and raise the level of budgetary allocations.We will appropriately increase living allowances for poor rural students residing on campus.We will take steps to ensure that children from poor families and children of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy the same access to compulsory education as others.After running trials in selected areas, we will completely stop collecting tuition and miscellaneous fees from all urban students receiving compulsory education starting this fall.This is another major measure for promoting balanced development of compulsory education and equal access to education.二是大力发展职业教育。加强职业教育基础能力建设，深化职业教育管理、办学、投入等体制改革，培养高素质技能型人才。
Second, we must vigorously develop vocational education.We will strengthen the basic conditions for vocational education and deepen reform of the systems for administering, running and investing in vocational education programs in order to turn out high-quality skilled personnel.三是提高高等教育质量。优化学科专业结构，推进高水平大学和重点学科建设。普通高校招生增量继续向中西部地区倾斜.Third, we must raise the quality of higher education.We will improve the structure of academic disciplines and develop high-quality universities and key disciplines.Regular institutions of higher learning will continue to favor students in the central and western regions in expanding their enrollments.办好各级各类教育，必须抓好三项工作：
To successfully provide education of various kinds and at different levels, we must focus on the following three tasks.一要全面实施素质教育，推进教育改革创新。深化教学内容和方式、考试和招生制度、质量评价制度等改革。切实减轻中小学生的课业负担。
One, we must ensure that all students receive a well-rounded education, and promote educational reforms and innovations.We will deepen the reform of curricula, methods of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality, and lighten the study load of primary and secondary school students.二要加强教师队伍特别是农村教师队伍建设，完善和落实教师工资、津补贴制度。
Two, we must improve the quality of teachers, especially in rural areas, and improve and implement the system of wages, allowances and subsidies for teachers.三要加大教育事业投入。今年中央财政用于教育的投入，将由去年的1076亿元增加到1562亿元；地方财政也都要增加投入。进一步规范教育收费。鼓励和规范民办教育发展。没有全民教育的普及和提高，便没有国家现代化的未来。要让孩子们上好学，办好人民满意的教育，提高全民族的素质.Three, we must increase investment in education.This year, central government allocation for education will increase from last year's total of 107.6 billion yuan to 156.2 billion yuan, and local governments will also increase their spending.We will further standardize the collection of education-related fees.We will standardize nonpublic education programs and encourage their development.China cannot modernize if education is not made universally available and if its quality is not improved.We must ensure that our children receive a good education, provide education that satisfies the needs of the people and improve the overall quality of the population.推进卫生事业改革和发展。重点抓好四件事：
We will promote the reform and development of health care.Efforts will be focused on four areas: 一是加快推进覆盖城乡居民的医疗保障制度建设。扩大城镇职工基本医疗保险覆盖面；城镇居民基本医疗保险试点要扩大到全国50%以上的城市；在全国农村全面推行新型农村合作医疗制度，用两年时间将筹资标准由每人每年50元提高到100元，其中中央和地方财政对参合农民补助标准由40元提高到80元。健全城乡医疗救助制度。
First, we will accelerate the establishment of a system to ensure access to medical care for both urban and rural residents.We will expand the number of urban workers covered by basic medical insurance, and extend the trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents to over 50% of China's cities.We will fully implement the new type of rural cooperative medical care system in all rural areas.Within two years, we will raise the standard for financing from 50 yuan to 100 yuan per person per year, with central and local government contributions to be raised from 40 yuan to 80 yuan per person.We will improve the urban and rural assistance program for medical care.二是完善公共卫生服务体系。抓好重大疾病防治，落实扩大国家传染病免疫规划范围的政策措施，加大对艾滋病、结核病、血吸虫病等疾病患者的免费治疗力度。加强地方病、职业病、精神病防治。做好妇幼保健工作。在中西部地区农村实行住院分娩补助政策。健全公共卫生服务经费保障机制。
Second, we will improve the public health service system.We will prevent and treat major diseases, implement policies and measures to increase the number of diseases covered in the state plan for immunization against communicable diseases, and provide free treatment for more people suffering from diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis.We need to work harder to prevent and treat endemic, occupational and mental diseases.We must do a good job in work related to the health of women and children.We will implement a policy of granting allowances to rural women in the central and western regions giving birth in hospitals.We will improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for public health services.三是推进城乡医疗服务体系建设。重点健全农村三级卫生服务网络和城市社区医疗卫生服务体系。加大全科医护人员和乡村医生培养的力度，鼓励高素质人才到基层服务。开展公立医院改革试点。制定和实施扶持中医药和民族医药事业发展的措施。
Third, we will continue development of the medical service systems for urban and rural areas.We will focus on improving the county, township, village three-tier rural health service network and the urban community-based medical and health service system.We will train more general practitioners, nurses and rural doctors and encourage high-caliber health workers to work in village and community clinics.Trial reform of public hospitals will be carried out.Measures will be formulated and implemented to support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the folk medicines of ethnic minorities.四是建立国家基本药物制度和药品供应保障体系，保证群众基本用药和用药安全，农村药品价格上涨。今年中央财政将安排823亿元，比上年增加165亿元，支持卫生事业改革和发展，重点向农村和基层倾斜.Fourth, we will set up a national system for basic drugs and a system for ensuring drug supply to ensure the quality and adequate supply of basic drugs and hold down prices.This year the central government will allocate 83.2 billion yuan to support the reform and development of health care, an increase of 16.7 billion yuan over last year, with the focus of spending on facilities at the urban community and village level.去年以来，国务院组织力量研究深化医药卫生体制改革问题，已经制定一个初步方案，将向社会公开征求意见。改革的基本目标是：坚持公共医疗卫生的公益性质，建立基本医疗卫生制度，为群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的基本医疗卫生服务。我们要坚定地推进这项改革，让人人享有基本医疗卫生服务.Last year the State Council commissioned a study of the issue of how to deepen reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.A preliminary plan has been produced and will soon be publicized to solicit opinions from the general public.The basic goal of the reform is to maintain the public service nature of public medical and health care services and set up a basic medical and health care system to provide people with basic medical and health care services that are safe, effective, convenient and affordable.We must resolutely carry out this reform to provide everyone with access to basic medical and health services and improve their health.加强人口和计划生育工作。稳定现行生育政策和低生育水平，提高出生人口素质，综合治理出生人口性别比偏高问题。全面实施计划生育家庭特别扶助制度，扩大实施农村计划生育家庭奖励制度和少生快富工程范围，提高奖励扶助标准。加强流动人口计划生育服务管理.We will improve work related to population and family planning.We will adhere to the current policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low, improve the health of newborns and adopt a full range of measures to address the gender imbalance in babies.We will fully implement the special assistance system for families that comply with family planning regulations, extend the coverage of the reward system for rural families that comply with the regulations, implement the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in more areas, and raise the level of rewards and assistance.We will improve services for the floating population and tighten supervision of them to ensure that they comply with the family planning policy.重视发展老龄事业，切实保障妇女和未成年人权益，关心和支持残疾人事业.We will attach great importance to programs for the elderly, effectively protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and show concern for people with physical and mental disabilities and support programs benefiting them.努力扩大就业。认真贯彻执行就业促进法和劳动合同法。坚持实施积极的就业政策，落实以创业带动就业的方针，加强就业和创业培训，鼓励自谋职业和自主创业，支持创办小型企业。加快建设城乡统一规范的人力资源市场，完善公共就业服务体系，促进形成城乡劳动者平等就业制度。
We will strive to expand employment.We will strictly enforce the Employment Promotion Law and the Labor Contract Law.We will continue to follow a vigorous employment policy, adhere to the principle of expanding employment by encouraging business startups, strengthen job training and training in how to start a business, encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses, and support the establishment of small enterprises.We will speed up development of a human resources market with uniform standards for both urban and rural areas, improve the public employment service system, and promote the creation of an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally.加强高校毕业生就业指导和服务。深化退役军人安置制度改革。完善就业援助制度，落实促进残疾人就业政策，建立帮助零就业家庭解决就业困难的长效机制。督促各类企业同劳动者依法签订并履行劳动合同。加强劳动争议处理和劳动保障监察，严厉打击各种非法用工行为。在世界上人口最多的国家解决就业问题，是一项极为艰巨的任务。我们要用百倍的努力，把这项关系民生之本的大事做好.We will strengthen job placement guidance and services for college graduates.We will deepen reform of the job-placement system for people leaving military service.We will improve the aid system for job seekers, carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities, and create a permanent mechanism to help zero-employment families find jobs.We will urge all types of enterprises to sign labor contracts with their employees in accordance with the law and abide by them.We will improve the handling of labor disputes and oversight for worker protection measures and severely punish illegal employment practices.Providing adequate employment opportunities in China, which has the largest population in the world, is a daunting challenge.We must redouble our efforts to increase employment, a matter that is crucial to people's well being.增加城乡居民收入。关键要调整国民收入分配格局，深化收入分配制度改革，逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。
We will increase urban and rural incomes.The key is to adjust the distribution of the national income, deepen reform of the income distribution system, gradually raise the proportion of the national income received by individuals and raise labor's of the primary distribution of income.一是多渠道增加农民收入，确保农民工工资按时足额发放，适当提高扶贫的标准。
First, we will increase rural incomes through a variety of channels, ensure that rural migrant workers in cities get paid in full and on time, and appropriately increase allowances for the poor population.二是提高企业职工工资的水平，建立企业职工工资正常增长和支付保障机制。推动企业建立工资集体协商制度，完善工资指导线制度，健全并落实最低工资制度。改革国有企业工资总额管理办法，加强对垄断行业企业工资监管。
Second, we will raise the wage scale for enterprise employees and create a mechanism to ensure they get regular wage increases and ensure that they are paid regularly.We will urge enterprises to establish a system for collective bargaining for wages, improve the system of wage guidelines, and improve and comply with the minimum wage system.We will reform the method of supervising SOE payroll and strengthen oversight of wages paid by enterprises in monopoly industries.三是从今年1月1日起，再连续三年进一步提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平。
Third, we will raise the level of basic old-age benefits for retirees from enterprises every year for three years beginning Jan.1 this year.四是深化公务员工资制度改革，继续做好规范公务员津贴补贴工作。加快推进事业单位收入分配制度改革。
Fourth, we will deepen reform of the salary system for civil servants and continue efforts to standardize their subsidies and allowances.We will accelerate reform of the income distribution system in government-affiliated institutions.五是落实职工带薪年休假制度。同时要进一步完善消费政策，拓宽服务消费领域，稳定居民消费预期，扩大即期消费。只有把经济发展的成果合理分配到群众手中，才能得到广大群众的拥护，才能促进社会的和谐稳定.Fifth, we will institute a system of annual paid vacations for employees.In addition, we will further improve consumption policies, broaden the range of services available in the market, stabilize consumer expectations and increase immediate consumption.Only by appropriately spreading the fruits of economic development among the people can we win their support and maintain social harmony and stability.完善社会保障体系。坚持实行广覆盖、保基本、多层次、可持续的方针。
We will improve the social safety net.We will follow a policy of expanding the number of people covered, guaranteeing people's basic needs and pursuing multi-level and sustainable development of the system.一要做好社会保险面和基金征缴工作。重点扩大农民工、非公有制经济组织从业人员、城镇灵活就业人员参加社会保险。努力解决关闭破产企业退休人员和困难企业职工参加基本医疗保险问题
First, we will expand the number of people covered by the social security system and improve collection of contributions to insurance funds.The focus of efforts will be on extending coverage to more rural migrant workers in cities, employees in the nonpublic sector of the economy and urban residents without fixed employment.Efforts will be made to provide basic medical insurance for retirees from closed or bankrupt enterprises and employees of enterprises with financial difficulties.二要推进社会保险制度改革。完善社会统筹与个人帐户相结合的企业职工基本养老保险制度，扩大做实养老保险个人帐户试点，加快省级统筹步伐，制定全国统一的社会保险关系专续办法。规范发展企业年金制度。探索事业单位基本养老保险制度改革。抓紧制定适合农民工特点的养老保险办法。鼓励各地开展农村养老保险试点。加快完善失业、工伤、生育保险制度。
Second, we will push ahead with the reform of the social security system.We will improve the system of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, combining contributions from various sources in society with personal employee retirement accounts, and expand the trial of fully funding personal accounts for old-age insurance.In addition, we will accelerate the implementation of overall planning for old-age pensions at the provincial level and work out nationwide rules for transferring social security accounts from one region to another.We will standardize and expand enterprise retirement systems that pay annuities.We will explore ways to reform basic old-age insurance in government-affiliated institutions.We will soon work out an old-age insurance system suitable for rural migrant workers in cities, and encourage local governments to carry out experiments with a rural old-age insurance system.We will accelerate improvement in unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance.三要采取多种方式充实社会保障基金，强化资金监管，确保基金安全，实现保值增值。
Third, we will finance social security funds in various ways, strengthen their oversight, ensure their security and maintain and increase their value.四要健全社会救助体系。重点完善城乡居民最低生活保障制度，建立与经济增长和物价水平相适应的救助标准调整机制。健全临时救助制度。同时，积极发展社会福利事业。鼓励和支持慈善事业发展。做好优抚安置工作。加强防灾减灾救灾工作。为加快社会保障体系建设，今年中央财政将安排2762亿元，比上年增加458亿元。建立和完善覆盖城乡的社会保障体系，让人民生活无后顾之忧，直接关系经济社会发展，是全面建设小康社会的一项重大任务.Fourth, we will improve the social assistance system.We will focus on improving the systems of basic cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents and setting up a mechanism for adjusting the level of assistance in line with economic growth and price changes.We will improve the temporary assistance system, vigorously develop social welfare programs and encourage and support the development of charity programs.We will do a good job providing assistance to entitled groups and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will improve the work of disaster prevention, reduction and relief.A total of 276.2 billion yuan will be appropriated this year in the central government budget to accelerate development of the social security system, 45.8 billion yuan more than last year.Establishing a sound social safety net for both urban and rural residents to ward off uncertainties for them has a direct impact on economic and social development and is a major task in the effort to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.抓紧建立住房保障体系。总的指导原则是：
We will promptly establish a system for ensuring housing for people.The general guiding principles for this work are as follows.（1）坚持从我国人多地少的基本国情出发，建立科学、合理的住房建设和消费模式。大力发展省地节能环保型住宅，增加中小套型住房供给，引导居民适度消费。
1)Taking into consideration the fact that China has a large population and relatively little land available for building housing, we need to foster a scientific and rational model for housing development and home ownership.We will vigorously work to build environmentally friendly buildings that conserve energy and land, increase the supply of small and medium-sized condominiums, and guide people to obtain housing they can afford.（2）坚持正确发挥政府和市场的作用，政府主要制定住房规划和政策，搞好土地合理供应、集约利用和管理，重点发展面向中低收入家庭的住房。高收入家庭的住房需求主要通过市场调节解决。
2)We must ensure that the government and the market both play their due roles.The government's role is mainly to formulate plans and policies for housing and ensure that there is an appropriate supply of land, ensure that land is used intensively and oversee land use.Priority will be given to development of housing for low-and middle-income families.Demand for housing among high-income families will be met largely through the market.（3）坚持加强对房地产市场的调控和监管，规范和维护市场秩序，促进房地产业持续稳定健康发展。
3)We need to strengthen regulation and oversight of the real estate market, standardize and maintain order in the market and promote sustained, steady and healthy development of the real estate industry.今年要采取四项措施： The following four measures will be adopted this year: 一要健全廉租住房制度，加快廉租住房建设，增加房源供给，加强经济适用住房建设和管理，积极解决城市低收入群众住房困难。
First, we will improve the system of low-rent housing, accelerate construction of low-rent housing, expand the supply of housing, and step up construction and tighten management of affordable housing to ease the housing difficulties of low-income urban residents.今年中央用于廉租住房制度建设的资金68亿元，比去年增加17亿元；地方各级政府都要增加这方面的投入。同时，要积极改善农民工居住条件。
A total of 6.8 billion yuan will be allocated from the central government budget for the low-rent housing program this year, 1.7 billion yuan more than last year, and local governments will also increase funding in this area.In addition, we will work energetically to improve the living conditions of rural migrant workers in cities.二要增加中低价位、中小套型普通商品住房供应，建立多渠道投融资机制，通过多种途径帮助中等收入家庭解决住房问题。合理调整城市土地供给结构，增加中小套型住房用地。
Second, we will increase the supply of low-and medium-price, small and medium-sized condominiums, establish a mechanism for making investments and raising funds in various ways, and help middle-income families meet their housing needs through a variety of channels.We will improve the supply structure of urban land to provide more land for building small and medium-sized condominiums.三要综合运用税收、信贷、土地等手段，完善住房公积金制度，增加住房有效供给，抑制不合理需求，防止房价过快上涨。
Third, we will use a combination of tax, credit and land supply measures and improve the housing accumulation fund system to increase supply of reasonably priced housing, curb demand for high-end housing and prevent overheating in housing prices.四要加强市场监管，严格房地产企业市场准入和退出条件。依法查处闲置囤积土地、房源和炒地炒房行为。同时，要加强农村住房建设规划和管理，切实解决农村困难群众住房安全问题。我们要坚定不移地推进住房改革和建设，让人民群众安居乐业.Fourth, we will strengthen market oversight and strictly enforce the requirements for market access and the conditions for going out of business for real estate firms.We will investigate attempts to control the land and housing market through hoarding and speculation in land and housing and deal with violations in accordance with the law.In addition, we will improve planning and management of rural housing development and the safety of housing for the rural poor.We must unswervingly promote reform of the housing system and construction of housing for the benefit of the people.（七）深化文化体制改革，推动文化大发展大繁荣.7.Deepening the reform of the cultural management system and promoting the vigorous development and enrichment of culture.进一步落实和完善文化体制改革政策措施，推动文化创新，加强文化建设，保障人民基本文化权益，繁荣文化市场，满足人民日益增长的、多样的文化需求。坚持用马克思主义中国化最新成果教育人民，在全社会树立中国特色社会主义共同理想，大力弘扬以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神，深入进行社会主义荣辱观教育。推进和谐文化建设，实施公民道德建设工程，培育文明社会风尚。特别要加强青少年思想道德建设。深入开展文明创建活动。坚持为人民服务、为社会服务的方向，全面贯彻百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针。发展哲学社会科学。繁荣新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术。鼓励创作优秀精神文化产品.We will further implement and improve the policies and measures to reform the cultural management system, promote cultural innovation, strengthen cultural improvement work, safeguard the basic cultural rights and interests of the people, and promote a flourishing cultural market to meet the people's ever-increasing and varied cultural needs.We will continue to educate the people in the latest advances in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, foster a common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics among the people, strongly promote a national spirit centered on patriotism and a spirit of the times centered on reform and innovation, and extensively promote education in the socialist concept of honor and disgrace.We will develop a culture of harmony, carry out the program for improving civic morality and foster civilized social conduct.Particular attention will be paid to cultivating ideals and ethics among young people.Extensive campaigns will be launched to encourage civilized behavior.We will maintain the orientation of serving the people and socialism and fully adhere to the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.We will develop philosophy and the social sciences.We will promote the vigorous development of the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and the arts.We will encourage the production of excellent cultural works.加大政府投入力度，加快构建覆盖全社会的公共文化服务体系，加强公益性文化事业建设，特别是加强社区和乡村文化设施建设。加快乡镇综合文化站建设。推进全国文化信息共享、广播电视村村通、农家书屋和农村电影放映工程。具有公益性质的博物馆、纪念馆和全国爱国主义教育示范基地，今明两年内全部向社会免费开放。完善文化产业政策，加快文化产业基地和区域性特色文化产业群的建设。加 强网络文化建设和管理。规范文化市场，坚持开展“扫黄打非”。加强民族文化遗产保护。扩大对外文化交流。加强城乡公共体育设施建设，广泛开展全民健身活动，不断提高竞技体育水平.We will increase government funding to accelerate development of a system of public cultural services for the whole society and to promote development of basic public benefit cultural programs, particularly the building of more cultural facilities in urban communities and villages.We will accelerate development of multipurpose community centers in towns and townships.We will work on the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources, extend radio and television coverage to all villages, and set up reading rooms and show movies in rural areas.All public museums, memorial halls and exhibition centers of a nonprofit nature will stop charging admission fees this year or next year.We will improve the policy for developing the culture sector and speed up development of bases for the culture industry and clusters of cultural industries with regional features.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture.We will ensure order in the cultural market and continue to combat pornography and illegal publications.We will strengthen protection of our national cultural heritage.We will expand cultural exchanges with other countries.We will step up development of public sports facilities in both urban and rural areas, launch extensive public fitness programs and raise the level of competitive sports.2008年奥运会和残奥会即将在北京举办。这是全体中华儿女的共同期盼，对于促进我国经济社会发展、增进中国人民同世界各国人民的友谊与合作，具有重要意义。要扎实做好各项筹备和组织工作，加强国际合作，创造良好环境，确保成功举办一届有特色、高水平的体育盛会.The 2008 Olympics and Paralympics will be held in Beijing.All sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are looking forward to them, and they will be of great importance in promoting China's economic and social development and increasing friendship and cooperation between Chinese people and the peoples of other countries.We will prepare for and organize the Games well, strengthen cooperation with the international community, and create an excellent environment to ensure that the Games are a unique, well-run sporting event.（八）加强社会主义民主法制建设，促进社会公平正义.8.Stepping up development of socialist democracy and the socialist legal system and promoting social fairness and justice.深化政治体制改革，发展社会主义政治文明。扩大人民民主，健全民主制度，丰富民主形式，拓宽民主渠道，依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督，保障人民的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权。发展基层民主，完善基层群众自治制度，扩大基层群众自治范围，推动城乡社区建设，深入推进政务公开、村务公开、厂务公开。发挥社会组织在扩大群众参与、反映群众诉求方面的积极作用，增强社会自治功能.We will deepen reform of political institutions and advance socialist political standards.We will expand people's democracy, improve democratic institutions, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we will carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to ensure the people's rights to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs.We will develop democracy at the community level, improve the system of governance by the people at the community level, expand the scope of their autonomy, strengthen urban and rural communities, and make the running of governments, villages and factories more transparent.We will bring into play the positive role of civic organizations in expanding public participation in government affairs and voicing the concerns of the people to improve the ability of society to govern itself.全面落实依法治国基本方略。加强政府立法，提高立法质量。今年要重点加强改善民生、推进社会建设、节约能源资源、保护生态环境等方面的立法。政府立法工作要广泛听取意见。制定与群众利益密切相关的行政法规、规章，原则上都要公布草案，向社会公开征求意见。合理界定和调整行政法规执法权限，强化行政执法监督，全面落实行政执法责任制。健全市县政府依法行政制度。
We will fully adhere to the rule of law as a fundamental principle.We will step up the drafting of proposed legislation by the government and improve the quality of such legislation.The drafting of such legislation this year will focus on improving people's lives, promoting social development, conserving energy and resources, and protecting the ecosystem.In the course of doing so, we need to seek views from many sources.In principle, we will release drafts to the public to solicit their opinions when formulating all administrative rules and regulations that bear on the interests of the people.We will appropriately delineate and adjust the powers and duties of administrative law enforcement agencies, and strengthen oversight and fully implement the responsibility system for administrative law enforcement.We will improve the system of government administration in accordance with the law at the municipal and county levels.加强对行政收费的规范管理，改革和完善司法、执法的财政保障机制。加强法规、规章和规范性文件的备案审查工作。健全行政复议体制，完善行政补偿和行政赔偿制度。做好法律服务和法律援助工作。深入开展法制宣传教育，在全社会形成自觉守法用法的良好氛围.We will ensure that administrative charges are collected in a standardized way and reform and improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for the judicial system and for law enforcement.We will improve the filing and inspection procedures for laws, rules, regulations and regulatory documents.Systems of administrative review and administrative compensation and reparation will be improved.We will ensure that people have adequate access to legal services and assistance.We will increase publicity and education concerning the law in order to create a good social environment in which the people conscientiously study, abide by and apply the law.完善社会管理。加强社会组织建设，健全基层社会管理体制。做好解放工作，完善信访制度。健全社会矛盾调解机制，妥善处理人民内部矛盾，维护群众合法权益。完善社会治安防控体系，加强社会治安综合治理，开如伸展平安创建活动。改革和加强城乡社区警务构成，加强流动人口服务和管理。集中整治突出的治安问题和治安混乱地区，依法防范和打击违法犯罪活动，保障人民生命财产安全，确保社会大局稳定。加强国家安全工作。
We will improve public administration.We will increase efforts to improve civic organizations and improve the system of public administration at the community level.We will do a good job handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public and improve the system for handling complaints.We will improve the mechanism for mediating social tensions and properly handle problems among the people to protect their legitimate rights and interests.We will improve the public security system for the prevention and control of crime, maintain law and order through a full range of measures and launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security.We will reform and intensify community policing in both urban and rural areas and improve services for and management of the floating population.Focusing on addressing serious public security issues and improving conditions in areas with poor public order, we will work to prevent crime and crack down on crime and illegal activities in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property and ensure social stability.We will redouble our efforts to safeguard national security.强化安全生产工作。加大源头治理力度，遏制重特大安全事故的发生。巩固和发展煤矿瓦斯治理和整顿关闭两个攻坚战成果，继续开展重点行业领域安全专项整治。加强对各类安全事故隐患排查和整治工作，健全重大隐患治理、重大危险源监控制度，完善预报、预警、预防和应急救援体系。依法加快监管，严肃查处安全生产事故.We will strengthen efforts to ensure workplace safety.We will work harder to prevent serious and major accidents by addressing their root causes.We will consolidate and build upon progress in bringing coalmine gas buildup under control, improve coalmine safety and shut down coalmines that do not meet safety standards.We will continue to carry out campaigns to address safety problems in key industries and areas.We will work harder to identify and eliminate hidden perils, and improve the system for controlling major hazards and monitoring major sources of danger and the system for forecasting, giving early warning, preventing, responding to and mitigating disasters.We will tighten oversight for workplace safety in accordance with the law and rigorously investigate industrial accidents and prosecute those responsible for them.（九）加快行政管理体制改革，加强政府自身建设.9.Accelerating reform of the administrative system and intensifying government self-improvement.行政管理体制改革是深化改革的重要环节，是政治体制改革的重要内容，也是完善社会主义市场经济体制的必然要求。改革的总原则和要求是：坚持以人为本、执政为民，坚持同发展社会主义民主政治、发展社会主义市场经济相适应，坚持科学民主决策、依法行政、加强行政监督，坚持管理创新和制度创新，坚持发挥中央和地方两个积极性。要着力转变职能、理顺关系、优化结构、提高效能，形成权责一致、分工合理、决策科学、执行顺畅、监管有力的行政管理体制.Reform of the administrative system is an important link in deepening reform, an important part of the reform of political institutions, and an essential step in improving the socialist market economy.In reforming the administrative system, we should adhere to the following general principles and requirements: we must put people first and govern for the people.We should see to it that this reform proceeds in line with development of socialist democracy and the socialist market economy.Decisions must be made scientifically and democratically;the government must be run in accordance with the law, and administrative oversight needs to be strengthened.We need to make innovations in management and institutions and make full use of the initiative of both the central government and local governments.Efforts should be focused on changing functions, straightening out inter-departmental relationships, improving the structure and raising efficiency in order to develop an administrative system in which powers are commensurate with responsibilities, the division of work among departments is appropriate, decisions are scientific, enforcement is carried out smoothly and oversight is effective.第一，加快转变政府职能。这是深化行政管理体制改革的核心。健全政府职责体系，全面正确地履行政府职能，努力建设服务型政府。在加强和改善经济调节、市场监管的图式，更加注重社会管理和公共服务，维护社会公正和社会秩序，促进基本公共服务均等化。重视发挥行业协会、商会等组织的作用.First, we must accelerate the transformation of government functions.This is central to deepening reform of the administrative system.We need to improve the division of responsibilities among government departments, ensure that all departments properly execute their functions and strive to build a service-oriented government.While improving regulation of the economy and the market, we must increase efforts to improve public administration and public services, safeguard social justice and order, and ensure equal access for all to basic public services.We will attach great importance to the role of civil organizations such as industrial associations and chambers of commerce in this area.第二，深化政府机构改革。这次国务院机构改革方案，主要围绕转变职能，合理配置宏观调控部门的职能，调整和完善行业管理机构，加强社会管理和公共服务部门，探索实行职能有机统一的大部门体制；针对职责交叉、权责脱节问题，明确界定部门分工和权限，理顺部门职责关系，健全部门间的协调配合机制。国务院机构改革方案将提交本次大会审议.Second, we must deepen reform of government bodies.Our current plan for the reform of bodies of the State Council mainly centers on changing the way the government functions, appropriately dividing responsibilities among departments that exercise macroeconomic regulation, adjusting and improving bodies in charge of industrial management, and improving departments responsible for public administration and public services.The plan explores ways to establish larger departments that organically integrate the functions of smaller departments.To resolve the problem of overlapping responsibilities and of powers not being matched by responsibilities, the plan clearly defines the responsibilities and powers of each department, clarifies the relationship of responsibilities among departments, and improves the mechanism for interdepartmental coordination and cooperation.The plan will be submitted to you for deliberation and approval.第三，完善行政监督制度。坚持用制度管权、管事、管人。加强行政权力监督，规范行政许可行为。强化政府层级监督，充分发挥监察、审计等专门监督的作用。自觉接受社会各个方面的监督。推行行政问责制度和政府绩效制度。
Third, we must improve the mechanism of administrative oversight.We need to use institutions to oversee the exercise of power, the handling of government affairs and the management of personnel.We will strengthen oversight of the exercise of administrative power and standardize procedures for administrative approval.We will strengthen the mutual oversight between higher-and lower-level authorities, get oversight bodies such as supervision and auditing departments to fully play their role, and conscientiously accept oversight by all sectors of society.We will adhere to the administrative accountability system and government performance management system.切实加强公务员队伍建设。严肃法纪政纪，坚决改变有令不行、有禁不止的现象。大力推行政务公开，健全政府信息发布制度，完善各类公开办事制度，提高政府工作透明度，创导条件让人民更有效地监督政府。
The competence of public servants will be strengthened.We will strictly enforce the law and the code of conduct for government employees and resolutely put a stop to non-compliance with government decrees and continued occurrences of banned practices.We will strive to make government affairs more open by enhancing the government information release system and improving the various types of administrative systems for transparency in government affairs to increase the transparency of government functions and create conditions to enable the people to oversee the government more effectively.第四，加强廉政建设。要把反腐倡廉建设放在更加突出的位置，旗帜鲜明地反对腐败。坚持标本兼治、综合治理、惩防并举、注重预防的方针，扎实推进惩治和预防腐败体系建设。特别要解决权力过分集中和缺乏制约的问题。从根本上加强制度建设，规范财政转移支付、土地和矿产资源开发、政府采购、国有资产转让等公共资源管理。
Fourth, we will strengthen efforts to ensure clean government.We will attach even greater importance to combating corruption and encouraging integrity, and fight corruption unequivocally.We will effectively improve the system for preventing and punishing corruption in accordance with the principle of addressing both the symptoms and root causes of corruption and taking a dual approach that combines prevention and punishment, with the emphasis on prevention.In particular, we need to tackle the problems of excessive concentration of power and lack of checks on power.We will address fundamentals to improve regulations and institutions and standardize management of public resources such as transfer payments, development of land and mineral resources, government procurement and the transfer of state-owned assets.加大专项治理力度，重点解决环境保护、食品药品安全、安全生产、土地征收征用与房屋拆迁等方面群众反映强烈的问题，坚决纠正损害群众利益的不正之风。大力提倡艰苦奋斗，坚决制止奢侈浪费。严肃查处各类违法违纪案件，深入开展治理商业贿赂，依法腐败分子，决不姑息。
We will strengthen special campaigns to address people's pressing concerns related to problems concerning environmental protection, food and drug safety, workplace safety, land acquisition and expropriation, and housing demolition, to resolutely stop irregular practices that hurt public interests.We will strongly advocate hard work and plain living and firmly oppose extravagance and waste.We will prosecute all violations of the law and discipline, strictly curb bribery in business, resolutely bring corrupt people to justice and prosecute them to the full extent of the law.各位代表！Fellow Deputies, 我国是统一的多民族国家，必须坚持各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展。坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，促进少数民族和民族地区经济社会发展，坚固和发展平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系。全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针，落实宗教事务条例，发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济社会发展中的积极作用。做好新时期侨务工作，进一步发挥海外侨胞和归侨侨眷在祖国现代化建设与和平统一大业中的作用.China is a unified, multiethnic country.We must promote unity among all ethnic groups and make a concerted effort to achieve prosperity and development for all.We will follow and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, promote economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and consolidate and develop socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony.We will faithfully follow the Party's basic principles on work related to religions, adhere to the Regulations on Religious Affairs, and enable religious figures and religious believers to play a positive role in advancing economic and social development.We need to do a good job handling affairs related to overseas Chinese nationals in the new era and make full use of the role of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives in China's modernization and the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherland.加强国防和军队建设，是发展中国特色社会主义的战略任务，必须统筹经济建设和国防建设，在推进现代化事业进程中实现富国和强军的统一。要坚持以毛泽东军事思想、邓小平新时期军队建设思想、江泽民国防和军队建设思想为指导，认真落实胡锦涛同志关于新形势下国防和军队建设重要论述，把科学发展观作为国防和军队建设的重要指导方针。
Improving national defense and the military is a strategic task in developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must balance economic development and national defense development to make China prosperous and the armed forces strong as we carry out modernization.We must always follow the guidance of Mao Zedong's military thinking, Deng Xiaoping's thinking on building the army in the new period and Jiang Zemin's thinking on strengthening the national defense and the army, truly implement the important guidelines of Comrade Hu Jintao on national defense and the army under the new circumstances, and take the Scientific Outlook on Development as an important guiding principle for developing national defense and the army.着眼全面履行新世纪新阶段军队历史使命，提高军队应对多种安全威胁、完成多样化军事任务的能力，坚决维护国家主权、安全和领土完整，为全面建设小康社会提供强有力的保障。加强人民武装警察部队建设，提高执勤、处置突发事件、反恐维稳的能力。加强国防教育，增强全民国防观念。完善国防动员体系。巩固军政军民团结.Our aim is to enable the army to fully carry out its historic mission in the new stage in the new century, enhance its ability to respond to security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks, staunchly protect China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, and provide strong support for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We will strengthen efforts to improve the People's Armed Police Force to improve its ability to enforce the law, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will intensify national defense education to raise public awareness of the importance of national defense.We will improve the national defense mobilization system.We will strengthen unity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，严格按照特别行政区基本法办事；全力支持香港、澳门两个特别行政区政府依法施政；进一步加强内地与两个特别行政区在经贸、科技、教育、文化、卫生、体育等领域的交流合作。我们坚信，香港、澳门同胞一定能够把香港、澳门管理和建设得更好.We will continue to unswervingly adhere to the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and act in strict accordance with the basic laws of the two special administrative regions.We will give full support to the governments of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions in administering their regions in accordance with the law, and increase exchange and cooperation between the mainland and the two special administrative regions in economic and trade affairs, environmental protection, science and technology, education, culture, health and sports.We firmly believe that our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao will be able to do even better in administering and developing their respective regions.坚持“和平统一、一国两制”的基本方针和新形势下发展两岸、促进祖国和平统一的各项政策，牢牢把握两岸关系和平发展的主题，鼓励两岸同胞加强交往、增进共识，积极促进两岸经济文化交流，推动直接“三通”。
We will adhere to the basic principle of “peaceful reunification and one country, two systems” and follow all policies for developing relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and promoting China's peaceful reunification under the current circumstances.We will pursue the goal of promoting peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, encourage compatriots on both sides to increase contacts and common understanding, actively promote cross-Straits economic and cultural exchanges, and work for the resumption of direct links of mail, transport and trade.实施和充实惠及广大台湾同胞的政策措施，支持海峡西岸和其他台商投资相对集中地区的经济发展。争取在一个中国的基础上尽快恢复两岸协商谈判，解决两岸同胞关心的重大问题。坚决反对“台独”分裂活动，绝不允许任何人以名义任何方式把台湾从祖国分割出去。任何涉及中国主权和领土完整的问题，必须由包括台湾同胞在内的全中国人民共同决定。“台独”分裂势力企图改变大陆和台湾同属一个中国的现状，破坏台海和平，是注定要失败的。两岸统一是中华民族走向伟大复兴的历史必然。海内外中华儿女共同奋斗，一定能够完成祖国统一大业!We will implement and improve the policies and measures designed to benefit our compatriots in Taiwan and support economic development on the west coast of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.We will work for the early resumption of cross-Straits negotiations on the basis of the one-China principle to address major issues of concern to compatriots on both sides.We firmly oppose Taiwan independence secessionist activities, and will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan from the motherland in any guise or by any means.Any issue that concerns China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must be decided by all the Chinese people, including our Taiwan compatriots.The attempts of Taiwan independence secessionist forces to deny the reality that the mainland and Taiwan belong to one and the same China and to undermine peace in the Taiwan Straits are doomed to fail.Reunification of the two sides is inevitable in the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.With the concerted efforts of all Chinese people at home and overseas, the great cause of China's reunification will surely be achieved!在新的一年，我们要高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持和平发展的道路，坚持互利共赢的开放战略，推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。
In the coming year, we must continue to hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, follow an independent foreign policy of peace and a path of peaceful development, and adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up to promote the building of a harmonious world with durable peace and common prosperity.要努力发展同发达国家的关系，全面深化同周边国家的睦邻友好关系，大力加强同发展中国家的团结合作，积极开展多边外交，推动重大热点问题和全球性问题的妥善解决，维护我国公民和法人在海外的合法权益。
We will work hard to develop relations with developed countries, deepen good-neighborly relations and friendship with all neighboring countries, and redouble efforts to increase unity and cooperation with other developing countries.We will actively participate in multilateral diplomacy, work to find appropriate solutions to major hotspots and global issues, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese nationals and companies overseas.中国政府和人民愿同各国人民一道，共同分享发展机遇，共同应对风险挑战，共同推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。各位代表!The Chinese government and people are ready to share development opportunities with people of all other countries and to work with them to address risks and challenges and advance the noble cause of the peace and development of humanity.回顾五年的成就，令人鼓舞；展望未来发展，催人奋进。伟大的祖国已迈上新的历史征程，前景无限美好。让我们在以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央领导下，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，解放思想，改革创新，扎实工作，为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而努力奋斗！Fellow Deputies，Looking back, we are encouraged by the achievements of the past five years.Looking ahead, we see an exciting future for China.Our great motherland has embarked upon a new historical course and the future holds even brighter prospects.Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, let us hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, and comprehensively apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.Let us free our minds, carry out reform and innovation, and work diligently for greater achievements in the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects!
第五篇：2008年政府工作报告-中英文对照
2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
政府工作报告
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT ——2008年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上
Delivered at the First Session of the Eleventh National
People's Congress on March 5, 2008
国务院总理 温家宝
各位代表：
Fellow Deputies, 现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告本届政府过去五年的工作，对今年工作提出建议，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to deliver to you a report on the work of the government over the past five years and on the arrangements for its work this year for your deliberation and approval and also for comments and suggestions from the members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、过去五年工作回顾
I.Review of the Work of the Past Five Years 第十届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年，是不平凡的五年。在中国共产党领导下，各级政府和全国各族人民认真贯彻党的十六大精神，齐心协力，顽强拼搏，积极应对复杂多变的国际环境，努力克服经济社会发展中的各种困难，战胜了突如其来的严重非典疫情和历史罕见的低温雨雪冰冻等特大自然灾害，改革开放和现代化建设取得了举世瞩目的重大成就。
The past five years since the First Session of the Tenth National People's Congress was a momentous period.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set out at the Sixteenth CPC National Congress and worked in concert and with dedication.We vigorously responded to the complex and volatile international environment, strove to overcome various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and prevailed over the sudden and severe outbreak of SARS and catastrophic natural disasters such as the recent snow and ice storms in the south that the region has rarely seen before.We made major achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world.1 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
——经济跨上新台阶。2007年，国内生产总值达到24.66万亿元，比2002年增长65.5%，年均增长10.6%，从世界第六位上升到第四位；全国财政收入达到5.13万亿元，增长1.71倍；外汇储备超过1.52万亿美元。
– The economy reached a new high.China's GDP in 2007 reached 24.66 trillion yuan, an increase of 65.5% over 2002 and an average annual increase of 10.6%, rising from the sixth highest one in the world to the fourth.Total government revenue reached 5.13 trillion yuan, a 171% increase over 2002.Our foreign exchange reserves exceeded US$ 1.52 trillion.——取消农业税，终结了农民种田交税的历史。全国粮食连续四年增产，2007年产量达到50150万吨。
– The agricultural tax was rescinded, ending the centuries-old practice of farmers paying taxes.China's grain output rose four consecutive years to reach 501.5 million tons in 2007.——国有企业、金融、财税、外经贸体制和行政管理体制等改革迈出重大步伐。开放型经济进入新阶段。2007年进出口总额达到2.17万亿美元，从世界第六位上升到第三位。
– Major progress was made in the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs), the financial system, fiscal and taxation systems, the system of foreign trade and economic cooperation, and the administrative system.China has entered a new stage in developing a more open economy.Total volume of imports and exports reached $2.17 trillion in 2007, raising China from the sixth largest trading nation in the world to the third largest.——创新型国家建设进展良好，涌现出一批具有重大国际影响的科技创新成果。载人航天飞行和首次月球探测工程圆满成功。
– Good progress was made in efforts to make China more innovative, and a number of major scientific and technological innovations with international impact were made.Manned spaceflights and our first moon exploration project were successfully carried out.——全面实现农村免费义务教育，这是我国教育发展史上的重要里程碑。覆盖城乡的公共卫生体系和基本医疗服务体系初步建立。
– Free compulsory education was made available to all rural students, marking an important milestone in the history of the development of education in China.The basic frameworks for a public health system and a system of basic medical services covering both urban and rural areas have been put in place.——城乡公共文化服务体系逐步完善。文化体制改革取得重要进展，文化事业和文化产业快速发展。上海特奥会成功举办。北京奥运会、残奥会和上海世博会筹备工作进展顺利。
– Steady improvement was made in the urban and rural system of public cultural services.Significant progress was made in reform of the cultural management system, and the development of cultural programs and cultural industries was accelerated.The Shanghai Special Olympics was successfully held.Preparations for the 2008 Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai proceeded smoothly.——民主法制建设取得新进步，依法行政扎实推进，保障人民权益和维护社会公平正义得到加强。
– Progress was made in developing democracy and the legal system and in 2 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
enhancing law-based government.Greater efforts were made to safeguard people's rights and interests and ensure social fairness and justice.——人民生活显著改善。五年全国新增城镇就业5100万人。城镇居民人均可支配收入由2002年7703元增加到2007年13786元，农村居民人均纯收入由2476元增加到4140元。社会保障体系框架初步形成。贫困人口逐年减少。
– People's living standards improved significantly.Fifty-one million urban jobs were created over the past five years.Urban per capita annual disposable income rose from 7,703 yuan in 2002 to 13,786 yuan in 2007, and rural per capita annual net income rose from 2,476 yuan to 4,140 yuan during the same period.The basic framework for a social safety net for both urban and rural areas was put in place.The number of people living in poverty was reduced every year.事实充分说明，过去五年是改革开放和全面建设小康社会取得重大进展的五年，是社会生产力和综合国力显著增强的五年，是社会事业全面发展和人民得到更多实惠的五年，是我国国际地位和影响不断提高的五年。
All these improvements fully demonstrate that during the past five-year period great strides were made in carrying out reform and opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this time the productive forces and overall national strength were significantly improved, social programs were comprehensively developed, people received even greater benefits and China's international standing and influence constantly grew.五年来，我们树立和落实科学发展观，着力发展经济、深化改革开放、保障和改善民生，促进社会和谐，付出了巨大努力，做了大量工作。
During the past five years we established and put into practice the Scientific Outlook on Development, worked hard on economic development, deepened reform and opening up, ensured the wellbeing of the people, improved their lives, and promoted social harmony.We made great efforts and accomplished a great deal.（一）加强和改善宏观调控，促进经济平稳快速发展
1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to promote steady and rapid economic development.我们围绕解决经济运行中的突出矛盾，注重宏观调控的预见性、及时性和有效性。几年来，针对固定资产投资增长过快、货币信贷投放过多、外贸顺差过大，以及农业基础薄弱等经济发展中不稳定、不协调、不可持续的问题，严把土地、信贷两个闸门，提高市场准入门槛，适时调整财政政策、货币政策，完善产业政策和土地政策，调整经济结构，加强薄弱环节，搞好经济运行调节。
We endeavored to make macroeconomic regulation more proactive, responsive and effective, with the focus on resolving major problems affecting economic operation.Over the past few years, we tightened controls on the supplies of land and credit, raised market access requirements, adjusted financial and monetary policies as needed, improved industrial policies and the land policy, adjusted the economic structure, shored up weak links and effectively regulated economic operation to address problems such as overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, excessively large trade surplus, and weakness in agriculture, the foundation of the economy, which 3 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
could cause economic development to become unstable, unbalanced and unsustainable.根据经济形势的变化，多次及时调整金融机构存款准备金率、存贷款基准利率，取消或降低高耗能、高排放和资源性产品的出口退税。这些宏观调控措施取得明显成效，经济连续五年保持平稳快速发展，没有出现大的起落。
In response to changes in the economy, we have repeatedly made timely adjustments in the required reserve ratio and the benchmark interest rates for savings and loans in financial institutions and rescinded or reduced export tax rebates for resource products and products whose production is energy intensive or highly polluting.These macroeconomic regulatory measures produced significant results, and China's economy maintained steady and rapid development throughout the five-year period, without experiencing major fluctuations.我们从加强农业基础入手，把促进粮食增产和农民增收作为首要任务，在制度、政策和投入方面采取一系列重大举措。全部取消了农业税、牧业税和特产税，每年减轻农民负担1335亿元。同时，建立农业补贴制度，对农民实行粮食直补、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴和农业生产资料综合补贴，对产粮大县和财政困难县乡实行奖励补助。大幅度增加对农业农村投入，中央财政用于“三农”的支出五年累计1.6万亿元，其中用于农村基础设施建设近3000亿元，地方也较多增加了投入。
We adopted a series of major measures related to institutions, policies and investment to increase grain production and rural incomes as a matter of priority and strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy.We completely rescinded the agricultural tax, livestock tax and tax on special agricultural products throughout China, reducing the burden on farmers by an average of 133.5 billion yuan per year.In addition, we set up a subsidy scheme for agriculture, instituting direct subsidies for grain producers, subsidies for superior crop varieties, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and general subsidies for agricultural production supplies and providing incentives to major grain-producing counties and subsidies to counties and townships with serious financial difficulties.Investment in agriculture and rural areas was greatly increased.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers reached 1.6 trillion yuan over the past five years, including nearly 300 billion yuan that was used for developing rural infrastructure.Local governments also substantially increased their input.五年新增节水灌溉面积666.7万公顷、新增沼气用户1650万户、新建改建农村公路130万公里，解决了9748万农村人口饮水困难和饮水安全问题，建立了重大动物疫病防控体系，防止了高致病性禽流感等疫情蔓延。这些措施，极大地调动了农民积极性，有力地推动了社会主义新农村建设，农村发生了历史性变化，亿万农民由衷地感到高兴。农业的发展，为整个经济社会的稳定和发展发挥了重要作用。
During the five-year period, an additional 6.667 million hectares of farmland was equipped with water-saving irrigation facilities, methane gas was made available to 16.5 million more households, 1.3 million kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded, and safe drinking water was provided to an additional 97.48 million rural residents.A system for the prevention and control of major 4 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
animal diseases was set up, and the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza was prevented.These measures greatly encouraged farmers to grow more, gave a strong impetus to the development of a new socialist countryside and brought historic changes to rural China to the great satisfaction of hundreds of millions of rural people.Agricultural development played an important role in ensuring the overall stability and development of China's economy and society.我们制定了国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，对2006－2020年的科技发展作出全面部署，启动一批重大专项。这对增强自主创新能力，推进创新型国家建设，有着重要而深远的影响。基础科学和前沿技术研究得到加强，取得高性能计算机、第三代移动通信、超级杂交水稻等一批重大创新成果，形成了一批具有自主知识产权和市场竞争力的产品。
We formulated the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, which contains comprehensive plans for the development of science and technology in China from 2006 through 2020 and calls for the launching of a number of major projects.This will have an important and far-reaching impact on efforts to strengthen China's capacity for independent innovation and make it an innovative country.Work in basic research and research in leading-edge technologies was intensified;a number of major innovations such as high-performance computers, third generation mobile communications, and super-hybrid rice were achieved;and a number of products that are competitive and carry Chinese intellectual property rights were developed.五年中央财政用于科技的投入达到3406亿元。全社会研究与实验发展经费，从2002年1288亿元增加到2007年的3664亿元，占国内生产总值比重从1.07%提高到1.49%。以企业为主体的技术创新体系建设取得重要进展。科技创新支撑和引领经济社会发展的能力明显增强。
The central government spent 340.6 billion yuan on science and technology over the past five years.China's total investment in research, experimentation and development rose from the 128.8 billion yuan of 2002 to 366.4 billion yuan in 2007, with its share in the GDP rising from 1.07% to 1.49%.Major progress was made in developing a system for technological innovation in which enterprises play a key role.The capacity of scientific and technological innovation to sustain and boost economic and social development was markedly increased.我们制定和实施一系列产业政策和专项规划，促进产业结构优化升级。信息、生物、航空航天、新能源、新材料、海洋等高新技术产业加快发展。振兴装备制造业成效显著。旅游、金融、物流等现代服务业蓬勃发展。基础设施基础产业建设取得长足进展，一批重大工程相继建成或顺利推进。
We formulated and implemented a series of industrial policies and special plans designed to improve and upgrade the industrial structure.Development of new and high technology industries in information, biology, aerospace, new energy sources, new materials and oceanography was accelerated.Efforts to boost the equipment manufacturing industry produced significant results.Development of modern service industries such as tourism, banking and distribution was accelerated.Great progress was made in the development of infrastructure and basic industries, marked by the completion of or smooth 5 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
progress on a number of major projects.青藏铁路提前一年建成通车，三峡工程防洪、发电、航运等综合效益全面发挥，西电东送、西气东输全面投产，南水北调工程进展顺利，溪洛渡水电站、红沿河核电站、京沪高速铁路和千万吨级炼油厂、百万吨级乙烯等一批重大项目陆续开工建设，普光气田、南堡油田等勘查开发取得重大进展。五年新增电力装机3.5亿千瓦，是1950年到2002年53年的总和；新增公路19.2万公里，其中高速公路2.8万公里；新增铁路营运里程6100公里；建成万吨级以上泊位568个；新增电信用户4.94亿户。这些有效改善了能源交通通信状况，增强了经济社会发展后劲。
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic a year ahead of time;the Three Gorges Project is fully playing its designed role in flood prevention, power generation and shipping;the projects to send electricity and gas from China's western region to the eastern region are fully operational;the project to divert water from southern China to northern China is progressing smoothly;and construction has been started on a number of major projects such as the Xiluodu Hydroelectric Plant, Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, a ten million-ton capacity oil refinery and a million-ton capacity ethylene plant.Major progress has been made in the prospecting and development of the Puguang Gas Field and the Nanpu Oilfield.Newly added power-generating capacity over the five years totaled 350 million kW, equivalent to all the capacity added between 1950 and 2002.A total of 192,000 kilometers of highways were built, including 28,000 kilometers of expressways.A total of 6,100 kilometers of new railway lines went into operation.An additional 568 berths that can handle ships larger than 10,000 tons were completed.The number of telecommunications users was increased by 494 million.All of the above measures effectively improved the capacity of the energy, transportation and communications sectors and strengthened the basis for further economic and social development.我们高度重视资源节约和环境保护。“十一五”规划纲要把节能和减排作为约束性目标。近两年，又提出并实施节能减排综合性工作方案，建立节能减排指标体系、监测体系、考核体系和目标责任制，颁布了应对气候变化国家方案。依法淘汰一大批落后生产能力，关停小火电2157万千瓦、小煤矿1.12万处，淘汰落后炼铁产能4659万吨、炼钢产能3747万吨、水泥产能8700万吨。启动十大重点节能工程。燃煤电厂脱硫工程取得突破性进展。中央政府投资支持重点流域水污染防治项目691个。继续推进天然林保护、京津风沙源治理等生态建设，五年累计退耕还林、植树造林3191万公顷，退牧还草3460万公顷。加强土地和水资源保护，五年整理复垦开发补充耕地152.6万公顷。经过各方面努力，节能减排取得积极进展，2007年单位国内生产总值能耗比上年下降3.27%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放总量近年来首次出现双下降，比上年分别下降3.14％和4.66％。节约资源和保护环境从认识到实践都发生了重要转变。
We gave high priority to conserving resources and protecting the environment.Obligatory targets for saving energy and reducing emissions were set in the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.In the last two years, a general work plan for saving energy and reducing emissions was introduced;a system of targets for this work, a monitoring system, a system for assessing work performance and a system of 6 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
accountability for reaching the targets were put in place;and a state plan to address climate change was promulgated.A large number of backward production facilities were shut down in accordance with the law.They include small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 21.57 million kW, 11,200 small coal mines, backward iron smelting facilities with a total capacity of 46.59 million tons, backward steel plants with a total capacity of 37.47 million tons and cement plants with a total capacity of 87 million tons.Ten major energy-saving projects were launched.Breakthroughs were made in carrying out desulfurizing projects for coal-fired power plants.The central government provided financial support for 691 projects to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys.Work continued on ecological conservation projects such as those to protect natural forests and control the factors causing sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin.During the five-year period, the area of farmland retired for forestation and other lands planted with trees amounted to 31.91 million hectares, and grazing land returned to natural grasslands totaled 34.6 million hectares.Protection of land and water resources was strengthened, with a total of 1.526 million hectares of farmland being upgraded, reclaimed or newly developed over the last five years.Thanks to the strong efforts of the whole country, encouraging progress was made in conserving energy and reducing emissions.In 2007 there was a 3.27% year-on-year drop in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and for the first time in recent years there was a reduction in both chemical oxygen demand and the total emission of sulfur dioxide, with the former down 3.14% and the latter down 4.66% from the previous year.People became more aware of the importance of conserving resources and protecting the environment and made greater efforts in this area.我们实施区域发展总体战略。西部大开发继续推进，五年中央财政支持重点建设投资2800多亿元，基础设施和生态环境建设取得明显进展，重点地区和特色优势产业加快发展。制定和实施振兴东北地区等老工业基地战略，大型粮食基地建设不断加强，国有企业改革改组改造取得突破性进展，重大技术装备国产化成效显著，资源型城市经济转型试点进展顺利，老工业基地焕发出新的生机和活力。
We followed a master strategy for regional development.Continued progress was made in the large-scale development of the western region, with central government financial support for key projects totaling over 280 billion yuan over the last five years.Substantial progress was made in infrastructure development and ecological and environmental conservation projects, and development of key areas and industries with local advantages was accelerated.We formulated and implemented the strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases such as northeast China, increased efforts to develop large grain production bases, made breakthroughs in reforming, reorganizing and upgrading SOEs, made major progress in using domestically-produced key equipment in place of imports, and made smooth headway in the trial to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation.The old industrial bases are now showing new signs of vitality.制定和实施促进中部地区崛起政策措施，粮食主产区现代农业建设步伐加快，重要能源 7 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
原材料工业、装备制造业和综合交通运输体系进一步发展。东部地区继续率先发展，经济实力和整体素质显著提升。经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区开发开放加快推进。这些重大举措，促进了区域经济合理布局和协调发展。
We formulated and implemented policies and measures to promote development in the central region and made accelerated progress in developing modern agriculture in major grain-producing areas.Major energy and raw material industries, the equipment manufacturing industry and the overall transportation system were further developed.The eastern region continued to lead in development, with significant gains in economic strength and overall improvement.The process of developing and opening up the special economic zones, the Shanghai Pudong New Area and the Tianjin Binhai New Area was accelerated.These major measures promoted a better distribution and more balanced development of regional economies.（二）大力推进改革开放，注重制度建设和创新
2.Working hard on reform and opening up, concentrating on institutional development and innovation.全面深化农村改革。以乡镇机构、农村义务教育和县乡财政管理体制改革为主要内容的农村综合改革，取得阶段性重要成果。放开粮食收购市场，实现了粮食购销市场化。集体林权制度改革进行了成功探索。供销合作社、国有农场等改革进展顺利。
Rural reforms were deepened across the board.Major progress was made in the current stage of the overall rural reform, mainly consisting of reform of town and township government bodies, reform of the rural compulsory education system and reform of the fiscal systems at the county and township levels.Government control of grain purchasing was lifted, and the purchase and sale of grain are now market based.Successful trials were carried out in reforming the system of collective forest rights.Smooth progress was made in the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned farms.坚持完善基本经济制度。巩固和发展公有制经济，推进国有资产管理体制改革和国有经济布局与结构调整，建立和完善国有资产出资人制度。加快国有企业股份制改革，一批具有国际竞争力的大公司大企业集团发展壮大。邮政体制改革顺利进行，电力、电信、民航、铁路等行业改革取得积极进展。
Continued progress was made in improving the basic economic system.We consolidated and developed the public sector of the economy, made progress in reform of the management system for state-owned assets and adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy, and set up and improved a system for investors of state assets.We accelerated the reform to institute a stockholding system in SOEs, and a number of large companies and conglomerates with the ability to compete internationally were formed.Reform of the postal service system proceeded smoothly, and encouraging progress was made in reforming the power, telecommunications, civil aviation and railway industries.2006年，全国国有企业资产总额比2002年增长60.98%，实现利润增长2.23倍，税收增长1.05倍。国有经济活力、控制力和影响力明显增强。制定和实施一系列政策措施，进一步营造公平竞争的法制环境和市场环境，鼓励、支持和引导个体私营等非公有制经济发 8 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
展。非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业、增加税收和活跃市场等方面，发挥着越来越大的作用。
The total value of assets of Chinese SOEs in 2006 grew by 60.98% compared to 2002, their total profits increased by 223%, and their tax contributions grew by 105%.The vitality of the state sector and its impact and influence on the economy as a whole were greatly enhanced.We formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to foster a legal framework and market environment conducive to fair competition, and encouraged, supported and guided the development of the nonpublic sector, which includes individual-proprietorship businesses and private enterprises.As a result, the nonpublic sector of the economy is playing an increasingly bigger role in stimulating economic growth, creating jobs, increasing tax revenue, and invigorating the market.大力推进金融、财税体制改革。针对国有商业银行经营管理不善、金融风险加剧的状况，我们果断地推进了改革。中国工商银行、中国银行、中国建设银行和交通银行完成股份制改造并成功上市，资产质量和盈利能力明显提高，银行业发生了重大变化。坚定地进行上市公司股权分置改革，解决了这个长期困扰证券市场发展的制度性问题。重点国有保险企业重组改制上市，促进了保险业迅速发展。利率市场化改革迈出实质性步伐。实施人民币汇率形成机制改革，汇率弹性逐步增强。
We vigorously promoted reform of the banking, fiscal and taxation systems.We resolutely carried out reform addressing the poor performance and greater financial risks of state-owned commercial banks.The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank and the Bank of Communications were turned into stockholding companies and listed on stock markets.This brought about significant improvement in the quality of their assets and profitability as well as major changes in the banking industry.We resolutely carried out reform of the shareholder structure in listed companies and resolved this longstanding institutional problem that hindered the development of the securities market.Key state-owned insurance firms were reorganized and went public, promoting rapid development of the insurance industry.Substantive progress was made in making interest rates more market-based.We reformed the RMB exchange rate regime to gradually make the exchange rate more flexible.外汇管理体制改革全面推进。财税体制改革进一步深化，财政转移支付制度和公共财政制度逐步完善。2003年到2007年，中央财政对地方的转移支付累计4.25万亿元，87%用于支持中西部地区。在部分企业试行国有资本经营预算制度。启动和扩大增值税转型改革试点。统一内外资企业所得税制度。建立国家统一的职务与级别相结合的公务员工资制度，初步规范了津贴补贴制度。投资体制改革和价格改革取得新进展。
Comprehensive progress was made in reform of the system for managing foreign exchange.Reform of the fiscal and taxation systems was deepened, and the system of transfer payments and the system of public finance were steadily improved.The central government turned over 4.25 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments from 2003 to 2007, with 87% of it allocated to the central and western regions.A budget system for managing state capital was introduced in some enterprises on a trial basis.We launched and expanded trials to reform the value-added tax.The income tax systems for domestic and 9 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
overseas-funded enterprises were unified.A unified state civil servant salary system based on both position and rank was set up, and the system of subsidies and allowances was basically standardized.Further progress was made in reform of the investment system and pricing system.加强市场体系建设。生产要素市场化程度稳步提高。商品流通现代化步伐加快。土地和矿产资源市场秩序、产品质量和食品药品安全等专项整治取得明显成效，保护知识产权力度加大，严厉打击了制假售假、非法传销、商业欺诈、盗版侵权等违法犯罪活动。
Work to develop the market system was intensified.Market forces played an increasingly important role in trade in the factors of production.The modernization of commodity distribution was accelerated.Significant achievements were made in the effort to rectify order in the markets for land and mineral resources and improve the quality of products and the safety of food and drugs.Protection of intellectual property rights was strengthened, and we severely cracked down on violations of the law such as the production and sale of counterfeit goods, pyramid schemes, commercial fraud, piracy and infringement on others' rights.坚持扩大对外开放。我们认真履行加入世界贸易组织各项承诺，积极做好过渡期各项工作。深化涉外经济体制改革，促进贸易投资便利化。放开外贸经营权，大幅度降低关税，取消进口配额、许可证等非关税措施，金融、商业、电信等服务业开放不断扩大。进出口商品结构逐步优化。利用外资质量进一步提高。实施“走出去”战略迈出坚实步伐，对外经济互利合作取得明显成效。
We continued to open China wider to the outside world.We honored all the commitments we made when we entered the World Trade Organization and made all the required adjustments for the transition period.We deepened reform of the externally oriented economic system to facilitate trade and investment.We lifted controls over access to foreign trade, greatly lowered tariffs, rescinded non-tariff measures such as import quotas and permits, and opened banking, commerce, telecommunications and other service sectors wider.There was gradual improvement in the mix of imports and exports.There was further improvement in the utilization of foreign capital.The “go global” strategy was resolutely implemented and significant results were obtained in mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other countries.（三）全面加强社会建设，切实保障和改善民生
3.Strengthening all aspects of social development, ensuring the wellbeing of the people and improving their lives.我们坚持统筹经济社会发展，加快教育、卫生、文化、体育等社会事业发展和改革，积极解决涉及人民群众切身利益的问题。
We steadfastly carried out overall planning for economic and social development, accelerated the development and reform of social programs in education, health, culture and sports and worked hard to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.在教育方面。全国财政用于教育支出五年累计2.43万亿元，比前五年增长1.26倍。农村义务教育已全面纳入财政保障范围，对全国农村义务教育阶段学生全部免除学杂费、全部免费提供教科书，对家庭经济困难寄宿生提供生活补助，使1.5亿学生和780万名家庭 10 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
经济困难寄宿生受益。西部地区基本普及九年义务教育、基本扫除青壮年文盲攻坚计划如期完成。国家安排专项资金支持2.2万多所农村中小学改造危房、建设7000多所寄宿制学校，远程教育已覆盖36万所农村中小学，更多的农村学生享受到优质教育资源。
Education.Public expenditures on education in China reached 2.43 trillion yuan over the five-year period, a 126% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Funding for rural compulsory education is now fully provided by the government budget.All the 150 million students receiving compulsory education in rural areas are exempt from paying tuition and miscellaneous fees and are supplied with free textbooks, and living allowances are provided to the 7.8 million students from poor families who stay in school dormitories.The plan to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal and to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in the western region was implemented on schedule.The state allocated special funds to support the renovation of dilapidated buildings at more than 22,000 rural primary and secondary schools and the building of more than 7,000 schools with student dormitory facilities.Distance education now covers 360,000 rural primary and middle schools, making quality education available to more rural students.更加重视职业教育发展，2007年中、高等职业教育在校生分别达到2000万人和861万人。普通高等教育本科生和研究生规模达到1144万人。高校重点学科建设继续加强。建立健全普通本科高校、高等和中等职业学校国家奖学金助学金制度，中央财政此项支出从2006年20.5亿元增加到去年的98亿元，高校资助面超过20%，中等职业学校资助面超过90%，资助标准大幅度提高。2007年开始在教育部直属师范大学实施师范生免费教育试点。我们在实现教育公平上迈出了重大步伐。
Greater efforts were made to develop vocational education, with the student population reaching 20 million at secondary vocational schools and 8.61 million at vocational colleges in 2007.A total of 11.44 million students were enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs in regular institutions of higher learning.More effort was put into developing key disciplines in institutions of higher learning.A system of government scholarships and financial aid to students in regular undergraduate institutions, vocational colleges and secondary vocational schools was instituted and improved, and its funding from the central government budget was increased from 2.05 billion yuan in 2006 to 9.8 billion yuan in 2007.This enabled over 20% of the students in institutions of higher learning and more than 90% of the students in secondary vocational schools to benefit from financial aid and allowed schools to greatly raise the amount of aid offered.An experiment to provide free education to education students at normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education was launched in 2007.Major progress was made in providing equitable education opportunities for all.深入实施人才强国战略，大力培养、积极引进和合理使用各类人才，高层次、高技能人才队伍不断壮大。
The strategy of reinvigorating China through development of human resources was extensively applied.Great efforts were made to train Chinese personnel, bring in needed personnel from other countries and make wise use of skilled personnel of all types, thus strengthening the ranks of high-caliber, highly 11 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
skilled personnel in China.在卫生方面。全国财政用于医疗卫生支出五年累计6294亿元，比前五年增长1.27倍。重点加强公共卫生、医疗服务和医疗保障体系建设，覆盖城乡、功能比较齐全的疾病预防控制和应急医疗救治体系基本建成。国家规划免疫预防的疾病由7种扩大到15种，对艾滋病、结核病、血吸虫病等重大传染病患者实施免费救治。
Health.Total government expenditures on medical and health care in China over the five-year period reached 629.4 billion yuan, a 127% increase compared to the previous five-year period.The funding was mainly used to develop the public health service system, the medical service system and the medical security system, and basically complete the formation of the disease prevention and control system and emergency medical response system with a fairly comprehensive range of functions, covering both urban and rural areas.The number of diseases covered by the state plan for immunization and disease prevention was increased from 7 to 15, and AIDS, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis and other major communicable diseases are now treated free of charge.国家安排资金改造和新建1.88万所乡镇卫生院、786所县医院、285所县中医院和534所县妇幼保健院，为1.17万个乡镇卫生院配备了医疗设备，农村医疗卫生条件明显改善。全国建立了2.4万多个社区卫生服务机构，新型城市医疗卫生服务体系进一步健全。人口和计划生育事业取得新进展，低生育水平继续保持稳定。人民健康水平不断提高，婴儿死亡率和孕产妇死亡率明显下降，2005年人均期望寿命达到73岁，对于我们这样一个有13亿人口的发展中国家是了不起的成就。
The state allocated funds to renovate or build 18,800 town and township health clinics, 786 county hospitals, 285 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and 534 county health centers for women and children, and equip 11,700 town and township health clinics with medical equipment, significantly improving conditions for providing medical and health care services in the countryside.More than 24,000 community health clinics were set up in China, further improving the new system of medical and health care services in urban areas.Further progress was made in carrying out population and family planning programs, and the birthrate remained stable at a low level.People's health continued to improve, infant and maternal mortality rates dropped significantly, and average life expectancy reached 73 years in 2005.These are momentous achievements for China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion.在就业方面。坚持实施和完善积极的就业政策，从财税、金融等方面加大支持力度，中央财政安排就业补助资金五年累计666亿元。城乡公共就业服务体系建设进一步加强。
Employment.The government continued to follow and improve the policy that strongly promotes employment and to adopt fiscal, taxation and financial measures to increase employment.Expenditures for employment programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies totaled 66.6 billion yuan over the five-year period.Urban and rural systems for providing public employment services were further strengthened.统筹做好就业再就业工作，全面加强职业技能培训，平均每年城镇新增就业1000多万人、农村劳动力转移就业800万人。基本解决国有企业下岗职工再就业问题，完成下岗职工基本生活保障向失业保险并轨。在劳动力总量增加较多、就业压力很大的情况下，保持了 12 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
就业形势的基本稳定。
Efforts were intensified to increase employment and reemployment in a well-planned way, and training in vocational skills was comprehensively strengthened.As a result, more than ten million urban people got jobs and eight million rural workers found work in nonagricultural sectors per year on average.The problem of finding other employment opportunities for workers laid off from SOEs was basically solved, and the work of incorporating basic cost of living allowances for laid-off workers into the unemployment insurance system was completed.The employment situation remained basically stable despite a large increase in the total workforce and great pressure on employment.在社会保障方面。全国财政用于社会保障支出五年累计1.95万亿元，比前五年增长1.41倍。城镇职工基本养老保险制度不断完善，2007年参保人数突破2亿人，比2002年增加5400多万人；做实基本养老保险个人账户试点扩大到11个省份；
Social safety net.Governments at all levels spent a total of 1.95 trillion yuan on building up the social safety net over the five-year period, a 141% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Continued improvement was made in the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers, with the number of participating workers exceeding 200 million in 2007, an increase of more than 54 million compared to 2002.Trials to fully fund personal accounts for basic old-age insurance were expanded to 11 province-level administrative units.从2005年开始连续三年提高企业退休人员基本养老金标准。中央财政五年累计补助养老保险专项资金3295亿元。2007年城镇职工基本医疗保险参保人数达到1.8亿人，比2002年增加近1倍；88个城市启动城镇居民基本医疗保险试点；新型农村合作医疗制度不断完善，已扩大到全国86%的县，参合农民达到7.3亿人。全国社会保障基金积累4140亿元，比2002年增加2898亿元。
Basic pensions for enterprise retirees were raised three years in a row beginning in 2005.A total of 329.5 billion yuan was allocated for old-age insurance programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies over the last five years.The number of urban workers participating in basic medical insurance reached 180 million in 2007, nearly twice the number in 2002.The trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents was launched in 88 cities.Continued improvement was made in the new system of rural cooperative medical care, which now covers 86% of all counties and 730 million rural residents in China.Funds to support the national social safety net totaled 414 billion yuan, an increase of 289.8 billion yuan over 2002.城乡社会救助体系基本建立。城市居民最低生活保障制度不断完善，保障标准和补助水平逐步提高。2007年在全国农村全面建立最低生活保障制度，3451.9万农村居民纳入保障范围。这是保障城乡困难群众基本生活的一项根本性制度建设。社会福利、优抚安置、慈善和残疾人事业取得新进展。抗灾救灾工作全面加强，中央财政五年支出551亿元，受灾群众生产生活得到妥善安排。
Establishment of the urban and rural emergency aid system was basically completed.The system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents was improved, with gradually rising standards and allowances.A system of basic cost of living allowances was established in all rural areas of China in 2007, covering 13 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
34.519 million rural residents.The systems provide a fundamental institution to assist poor people in urban and rural areas to meet basic living expenses.Further progress was made in developing social welfare, providing special assistance to entitled groups and developing charity programs and programs to help people with physical and mental disabilities.Efforts to combat disasters and provide disaster relief were greatly strengthened, with total expenditures from the central government budget reaching 55.1 billion yuan for the five-year period.This helped restore normal working and living conditions for disaster victims.在文化和体育方面。全国财政用于文化体育事业支出五年累计3104亿元，比前五年增长1.3倍。县乡两级公共文化服务体系初步形成，基本实现了县县有图书馆、文化馆。全国文化信息资源共享工程、广播电视村村通工程等基层文化设施建设扎实推进。哲学社会科学和新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术进一步繁荣。文物和非物质文化遗产保护得到加强。对外文化交流更加活跃。城乡公共体育设施建设加快，群众性体育蓬勃发展，体育健儿在国际大赛中取得优异成绩。
Culture and sports.Government expenditures for culture and sports programs totaled 310.4 billion yuan for the five-year period, a 130% increase over the previous five-year period.The basic elements of a public cultural services system at the county and township levels were put in place, and basically every county now has a library and cultural center.Substantive progress was made in setting up local cultural facilities such as the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources and extend radio and television coverage to all villages.Philosophy, the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art thrived.Protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage was strengthened.Cultural exchanges with other countries were intensified.Development of public sports facilities in urban and rural areas was accelerated, mass sports activities developed vigorously, and Chinese athletes did well in international competitions.在居民收入和消费方面。努力增加城乡居民特别是低收入居民收入。调高最低工资标准；基本解决拖欠农民工工资问题；四次提高重点优抚对象的抚恤补助标准，统筹解决退役军人实际困难。降低居民储蓄存款利息税率，提高个人所得税起征点。家庭财产普遍增多。居民消费结构升级加快，家用汽车大幅度增加，移动电话、计算机、互联网快速普及，旅游人数成倍增长。住房条件进一步改善，棚户区改造取得积极进展。城乡居民享有的公共服务明显增多。
Personal income and consumer spending Vigorous efforts were made to increase the incomes of urban and rural residents, especially low-income persons.The minimum wage was increased.The problem of arrears in the wages of rural migrant workers in urban areas was basically resolved.The standards for financial aid to key entitled groups were increased four times, and plans were implemented to resolve the practical problems of demobilized military personnel.The tax on interest earnings from individual savings deposits was lowered and the earnings threshold for the individual income tax was raised.There was a general increase in family assets.Upgrading of consumer spending proceeded at a faster pace, and there was a great increase in the number of family-owned cars and rapid spread in the use of cell phones, computers and Internet services.The 14 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
number of people going on vacations increased several fold.There was further improvement in housing conditions, encouraging progress was made in improving conditions in shantytowns, and much more public services were made available to urban and rural residents.在社会管理方面。着力维护人民群众合法权益，积极化解社会矛盾。制定并实施保障农民工合法权益的政策措施。努力解决土地征收征用、房屋拆迁、企业改制、环境保护等方面损害群众利益的问题。信访工作不断加强。高度重视安全生产工作，健全安全监管体制，落实安全生产责任制，加强安全生产法制建设。社会治安防控体系更加健全，综合治理工作进一步加强。依法打击各类犯罪活动，有效维护了国家安全和社会稳定。
Public administration。
Work in this area was concentrated on protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the people and resolving social tensions.We formulated and implemented policies and measures for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of rural migrant workers in urban areas.We devoted a great deal of effort to resolving infringements on the interests of the public related to land expropriation and requisition, housing demolition, enterprises converting to a stockholding system and environmental protection.Improvement was made in the handling of complaints made by individuals through letters and visits.We paid very close attention to improving workplace safety and the safety oversight system, instituted a responsibility system for workplace safety and improved related legislation.The public security system for crime prevention and control was further strengthened, and overall crime control work was intensified.We combated criminal activities in accordance with the law, effectively protected China's security and maintained law and order.在经济快速发展和财力明显增加的情况下，用很大力量解决了一些长期遗留的历史问题。剥离和处置国有商业银行不良资产，置换农村信用社不良贷款和历年亏损挂账，化解国有企业历史债务，逐步解决国有粮食企业政策性亏损挂账，还清出口退税欠款，完善大中型水库征地补偿和移民后期扶持政策等。这些问题的解决对于经济社会发展起到了重要作用。
Taking advantage of the rapid development of the economy and significant improvement of public finance, we worked hard to resolve some longstanding problems.We sold off nonperforming assets of state-owned commercial banks, made alternate arrangements for nonperforming loans and long-term non-paying accounts of rural credit cooperatives, eased the long-term debts of SOEs, gradually eased policy-related losses of state-owned grain enterprises, cleared up overdue tax rebates for exports, and improved the policy for paying compensation for requisition of land for large and medium-sized reservoirs and assisting people displaced by reservoir projects.Resolution of these problems played an important role in promoting economic and social development.五年来，我们在民主法制建设、国防和军队建设、港澳台工作和外交等方面，也取得了重要进展。
We made major progress over the past five years in enhancing democracy and the legal system, building national defense and the military, doing our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and conducting diplomacy.稳步推进社会主义民主法制建设。各级政府自觉接受同级人民代表大会及其常委会的监督，主动接受人民政协的民主监督，认真听取民主党派、工商联、无党派人士、人民团体意 15 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
见，通过多种形式征求专家学者和人民群众的建议，接受新闻媒体和社会各界的监督。实行重大事项决策公示和听证制度。加强城乡基层自治组织建设，基层民主管理制度进一步健全。五年国务院共向全国人大常委会提交39件法律议案，制定、修订137件行政法规。探索建立公众有序参与政府立法的机制和制度，有15部法律草案和行政法规草案向社会公开征求意见。全面清理了现行行政法规和规章。贯彻民族区域自治法，推进民族团结进步事业。全面落实宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事务管理走向法制化、规范化。全面落实侨务政策，依法保护海外侨胞和归侨侨眷的合法权益。
We made steady progress in improving socialist democracy and the socialist legal system.Governments at all levels conscientiously accepted the oversight of the people's congress and its standing committee at the corresponding level;voluntarily accepted the democratic oversight by CPPCC committees;carefully listened to the views of the democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, persons without party affiliation and people's organizations;solicited suggestions of experts, scholars and the general public in a variety of forms;and accepted the oversight of the media and all sectors of society.Governments at all levels made public announcements and held public hearings before making major decisions.We stepped up efforts to develop autonomy in urban community and village administrative bodies and further improved the democratic system at the local level.During the past five years the State Council submitted 39 bills to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and formulated or revised 137 administrative regulations.We explored ways to set up mechanisms and systems for orderly public participation in government legislation and published 15 draft laws and drafts of administrative regulations to solicit comments from the public.We carried out a thorough review of current administrative rules and regulations.We adhered to the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and carried forward the programs to promote unity and progress among ethnic groups.The policy on freedom of religious belief was comprehensively implemented, and the administration of religious affairs was put on a more solid legal footing and further standardized.We comprehensively implemented the policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives.全面加强军队现代化建设。积极推进中国特色军事变革。调整改革军队体制编制和政策制度，裁减军队员额20万任务顺利完成。国防和军队建设取得历史性成就。人民解放军和人民武装警察部队为维护国家主权、安全、领土完整和促进社会和谐稳定作出了重大贡献。
We stepped up all efforts to modernize the military.We vigorously pressed ahead with the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.We adjusted and reformed the military's structure and staffing and its related policies and systems and smoothly cut its size by 200,000 personnel.We made historic achievements in strengthening national defense and the military.The People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force made major contributions to safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and to promoting social harmony and stability.坚持“一国两制”方针，严格按照香港特别行政区基本法和澳门特别行政区基本法办 16 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
事。实施内地与香港、澳门更紧密经贸关系安排。香港、澳门保持繁荣稳定。
We adhered to the principle of “one country, two systems” and acted in strict accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region.We implemented the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement between the mainland and the regions of Hong Kong and Macao.Both regions remained thriving and stable.坚决反对和遏制“台独”分裂活动，捍卫国家主权与领土完整，维护台海和平。实施一系列有利于人员往来和经济科技教育文化体育交流的措施，促进了两岸关系和平稳定发展。
We resolutely opposed and foiled secessionist activities aimed at Taiwan independence, thereby protecting China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and safeguarding peace in the Taiwan Straits.We carried out a number of measures to make it easier for people to visit between the two sides and for economic, scientific, educational, cultural and sports exchanges to take place in order to promote the peaceful and steady development of cross-Straits relations.积极开展对外交往与合作，全方位外交取得重大进展，坚定地维护和发展了国家利益。我国同主要大国加强了对话，增进了信任，扩大了合作。中美关系稳定发展，中俄战略协作伙伴关系提高到新水平，中欧全面合作日益深化，中日关系得到改善，同周边国家睦邻友好关系进一步加强，区域合作取得新成果，同发展中国家的团结合作开创了新局面。成功举办一系列重大多边外交活动。妥善应对国际上各种新挑战，积极负责地参与解决全球性问题，在解决国际和地区热点问题上发挥着重要的建设性作用。
We actively promoted exchange and cooperation with other countries, made major progress in conducting diplomacy on all fronts, and resolutely safeguarded and developed China's interests.China stepped up dialogue with the major countries and increased trust and expanded cooperation with them.China-U.S.relations developed steadily, the China-Russia partnership of strategic coordination reached a new height, China-Europe cooperation in all areas went from strength to strength, and China-Japan relations improved.Good-neighborly relations with surrounding countries were further strengthened, further achievements were made in regional cooperation, and China's solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries entered a new stage.We successfully carried out a series of major multilateral diplomatic activities.We appropriately responded to new challenges in the international arena, actively and responsibly participated in efforts to resolve global issues, and played an important and constructive role in the resolution of issues concerning international and regional hotspots.五年来，我们始终重视政府自身改革和建设。本届政府把实行科学民主决策、推进依法行政、加强行政监督作为政府工作的三项基本准则。制定全面推进依法行政实施纲要，推动政府职能转变和管理创新，强化社会管理和公共服务。认真贯彻实施行政许可法，推进行政审批制度改革，国务院各部门取消和调整行政审批项目692项。推进政务公开，完善新闻发布制度，加强电子政务建设。全国应急管理体系基本建立。监察、审计等专门监督工作卓有成效。公务员教育培训和管理法制化建设进一步加强。坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争和加强政风建设，治理商业贿赂工作取得良好成效，依法查处违法违规案件和失职渎职行为，惩处腐败分子。
We paid close attention to self-reform and self-improvement of the 17 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
government during the five-year period.This government took scientific and democratic policy-making, law-based administration and better administrative oversight as the three basic principles for its work.We formulated the Program for Advancing All Aspects of Government Administration in Accordance with the Law and promoted change in the way the government functions and innovations in management, thereby improving public administration and public services.We diligently carried out the Administrative Permit Law and promoted reform of the system of administrative examination and approval.As a result, departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined a total of 692 items requiring examination and approval.We promoted greater openness in government affairs, improved the system for releasing information, and increased the application of e-government.Establishment of a national emergency response management system was basically completed.Oversight work such as supervision and auditing was quite effective.Further improvement was made in education and training of civil servants and in developing a legislative framework for civil-service administration.We worked unceasingly to combat corruption and improve the conduct of the government, made good progress in combating bribery in business, uncovered a number of violations of laws and regulations and cases of neglect and dereliction of duty, and punished corrupt persons.过去五年，我们在丰富实践中积累了许多宝贵经验，主要体会是：
We learned many valuable lessons in our experiences over the last five years.The main ones are as follows.第一，必须坚持解放思想。解放思想、实事求是是我们党的思想路线。只有坚持一切从实际出发，破除迷信，敢于冲破不合时宜的观念束缚，尊重群众首创精神，大胆探索、实践和创造，与时俱进，才能使社会主义现代化事业充满生机和活力。
First, we must continue to liberate our thinking.Liberating our thinking and following a realistic and pragmatic approach is the Party's ideological line.We must proceed from reality in everything we do, eliminate superstition, break the shackles of outdated ideas, respect the people's pioneering spirit, boldly explore new ways, take concrete action, be creative, and keep up with the times to ensure that the cause of socialist modernization retains its great vitality.第二，必须坚持落实科学发展观。科学发展观是发展中国特色社会主义的重大战略思想，是我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针。我们要坚持把发展作为第一要务，着力转变经济发展方式，调整经济结构，提高经济增长质量和效益；坚持以人为本，注重统筹兼顾，推动全面协调可持续发展。只有深入贯彻落实科学发展观，才能实现经济社会又好又快发展，促进社会和谐。
Second, we must steadfastly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.This is a major strategic concept for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development.We must continue to take development as the top priority, concentrate on changing the way the economy develops, and adjust the economic structure to improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth.We must always put people first, attach great importance to overall planning, and promote comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.Only by thoroughly 18 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
applying the Scientific Outlook on Development can we achieve sound and rapid economic and social development and promote social harmony.第三，必须坚持改革开放。改革开放是决定当代中国命运重大而关键的抉择。我们要坚定不移地推进经济体制改革、政治体制改革，发展社会主义民主政治，完善社会主义市场经济体制，解放和发展生产力，促进社会公平正义，实现人的全面发展。开放也是改革，开放兼容才能强国。改革开放贯穿于社会主义现代化建设的整个过程，任何时候都不能动摇。
Third, we must adhere to the reform and opening up policy.Reform and opening up is a major and crucial choice that is shaping the destiny of contemporary China.We need to unswervingly promote reform in economic and political institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist market economy, liberate and develop the productive forces, promote social fairness and justice, and achieve all-round personal development.Opening up is also a kind of reform, and a nation cannot become strong if it is not open and inclusive.We must continue to pursue reform and opening up throughout the course of socialist modernization and never deviate from this policy.第四，必须坚持搞好宏观调控。宏观调控与市场机制都是社会主义市场经济体制的组成部分。我们要更大程度地发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，增强企业活力和竞争力。同时，要加强和改善宏观调控，坚持主要运用经济手段、法律手段，发挥各种政策的组合效应；坚持区别对待、有保有压，不搞一刀切，不搞急刹车；坚持不断总结经验，及时调整政策，注重实际效果。只有把市场机制和宏观调控有机结合起来，才能保证整个经济充满活力、富有效率、持续健康协调发展。
Fourth, we must continue to exercise effective macroeconomic regulation.Both macroeconomic regulation and market forces are components of the socialist market economy.We need to make better use of the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, revitalize enterprises and improve their competitive edge.At the same time, we need to improve macroeconomic regulation, continue to carry out macroeconomic regulation mainly through economic and legal means, and get the complete range of government policies to fully play their role.We must continue to deal with each situation on its own merits, encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others as the situation requires, and refrain from taking a uniform approach to different situations or putting on the brakes without good reason.We must continue to draw lessons from our experiences, make policy adjustments as needed and be result-oriented.We must integrate the use of market forces with macroeconomic regulation in order to ensure that the economy remains vigorous, performs well, and develops in a sustainable, healthy and balanced way.第五，必须坚持执政为民。政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的，执政为民是各级政府的崇高使命。我们要牢记全心全意为人民服务的宗旨，把实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益，作为政府工作的出发点和落脚点。更加注重保障和改善民生，特别要关心和解决城乡低收入群众的生活困难，使全体人民共享改革发展成果。只有坚持一切属于人民，一切为了人民，一切依靠人民，一切归功于人民，我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。
Fifth, we must continue to run the government for the people.All the power of the government comes from the people, and running the government for 19 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
them is a lofty mission of governments at all levels.We must never forget that serving the people wholeheartedly is our purpose, and make sure that the aim and outcome of the work of the government is to fulfill, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people.We need to attach greater importance to ensuring the well-being of the people and improving their lives, in particular showing concern for urban and rural residents with low incomes and helping them make ends meet in their daily lives, in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.We must always keep in mind that everything belongs to the people, do everything for their benefit, rely on them in everything we do and attribute all our successes to their efforts.Only by doing so can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for ensuring success in all our endeavors.第六，必须坚持依法行政。遵守宪法和法律是政府一切工作的根本原则。我们要严格按照法定权限和程序行使权力、履行职责，加强政府立法，规范行政执法，完善行政监督，建设法治政府，不断提高依法行政能力。只有全面推行依法行政，努力做到有权必有责、用权受监督、侵权要赔偿、违法要追究，让权力在阳光下运行，才能保证人民赋予的权力始终用来为人民谋利益。
Sixth, we must continue to run the government in accordance with the law.Abiding by the Constitution and laws is a fundamental principle for all the work of the government.We need to exercise our power and perform our functions and responsibilities within the jurisdiction stipulated by law and in accordance with legal procedures, improve government legislative work, standardize administrative law enforcement, improve administrative oversight, develop law-based government and enhance our ability to carry out administrative functions in accordance with the law.We must ensure that government administration fully complies with the law, that power comes with responsibility, that there is proper oversight on the exercise of power, that reparation is paid for infringement of rights, that any violation of the law is prosecuted, and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.This is the only way to ensure that the power entrusted to us by the people is always exercised in their interests.我们也清醒地认识到，经济社会发展和政府工作中还存在不少问题，国内外形势发展变化使我们面临诸多新的挑战和风险。
We are also clearly aware that there are still many problems affecting China's economic and social development and the work of the government, and that changes in the domestic and international environment present many new challenges and risks.——经济运行中一些突出问题和深层次矛盾依然存在。近年来固定资产投资增长过快，货币信贷投放过多，国际收支不平衡。长期形成的结构性矛盾和增长方式粗放问题仍然突出。投资与消费关系不协调，投资率持续偏高；一二三产业发展不协调，工业特别是重工业比重偏大，服务业比重偏低；自主创新能力不强，经济增长的资源环境代价过大。
More work needs to be done to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.The current price hikes and increasing inflationary pressures are the biggest concern of the people.Last year's consumer price index(CPI)rose by 4.8% year-on-year, mainly due to large increases in the cost of food and housing.There are a variety of factors behind the price increases.Though the domestic prices of farm products have remained low for many years and some of the recent price increases were therefore overdue and somewhat reasonable, price increases nevertheless have a great impact on people's lives, especially on the lives of the low-income sector of the population.The prices of primary commodities on the international market have risen considerably in recent years, which directly puts upward pressure on domestic prices.由于推动价格上涨的因素还将存在，今年价格上涨的压力仍然较大。同时，生产资料价格不断上升，房地产等资产价格上涨过快，防止通货膨胀的任务相当艰巨。劳动就业、社会保障、教育、医疗卫生、收入分配、住房、产品质量安全、安全生产、社会治安等方面，还有不少问题需要认真加以解决。
Because factors driving prices up are still at work, upward pressure on prices will remain great this year.In addition, prices of the means of production have continued to rise and real estate prices have risen steeply, making the task of holding down inflation difficult.There are still quite a few problems in employment, the social safety net, education, medical and health care, income distribution, housing, product quality and safety, workplace safety and public security, and we need to work harder to resolve them.——国际经济环境变化不确定因素和潜在风险增加。随着经济全球化深入发展，我国经 21 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
济与世界经济联系越来越密切。当前全球经济失衡加剧、增速放缓，国际竞争更加激烈；美国次级抵押贷款危机影响蔓延，美元持续贬值，国际金融市场风险增大；国际市场粮食价格上涨，石油等初级产品价格高位运行；贸易保护主义加剧，贸易摩擦增多。
The government's self-improvement efforts and administration need to be strengthened.We are keenly aware that the work and accomplishments of the government still fall somewhat short of what circumstances require and the people expect.The functions of government have not been completely transformed, and public administration and public services are still weak.Some government departments have overlapping responsibilities, their powers and responsibilities are not well matched, some try to shirk their responsibilities, and their performance is poor.Some government employees have an inadequate sense of responsibility toward the public and are not competent enough.Oversight mechanisms and checks on government authority are not strong enough.The problems of formalism and bureaucratic behavior are fairly common, and fraud, extravagance and waste, and corruption are quite serious.我们一定要始终保持清醒头脑，增强忧患意识，以对国家、对人民高度负责的使命感和紧迫感，更加兢兢业业、扎扎实实地做好政府各项工作。
We must remain clear-headed at all times, be more mindful of potential danger, be highly responsible to the country and the people, maintain a high sense of mission and urgency, work even more industriously, and successfully carry out all of the government's work.各位代表！
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Fellow Deputies, 过去五年的成就和进步，来之不易。这是在改革开放多年来奠定的基础上取得的，是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央驾驭全局、正确领导的结果，是全国各族人民奋发进取、共同努力的结果，也是与广大海外侨胞、国际友人的支持和帮助分不开的。
The achievements of the past five years have not come easily.They were built on a foundation laid through many years of reform and opening up, and are attributable to the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, which has effectively managed the overall situation.Credit also goes to the hard work and concerted effort of the people of all the ethnic groups in China, and to the support and assistance of overseas Chinese nationals and foreign friends.在战胜种种严重困难和挑战、完成各项重大任务中，充分表现了中国人民不畏艰险、一往无前的决心、勇气和意志。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞和台湾同胞，以及广大侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向世界各国政府、国际组织和国际友人对中国现代化事业的理解和支持，表示诚挚的感谢！
Displaying indomitable determination, courage and will, the Chinese people have overcome untold difficulties and challenges and accomplished major tasks.On behalf of the State Council, I would like to sincerely thank the people of all the ethnic groups, the democratic parties, the people's organizations and people from all sectors of society.I would like to express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese nationals.I would like to thank governments of other countries, international organizations and foreign friends of China around the world for their understanding of and support for China's modernization.二、2008年主要任务
II.Major Tasks for 2008
今年是全面贯彻党的十七大精神的第一年，改革发展任务繁重而艰巨，做好政府工作意义重大。
This is the first year for comprehensively implementing the guiding principles set out at the Seventeenth CPC National Congress.We face arduous tasks in reform and development, and it is very important for us to successfully carry out the work of the government.政府工作的基本思路和主要任务是：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，更加重视加强和改善宏观调控，更加重视推进改革开放和自主创新，更加重视调整经济结构和提高发展质量，更加重视节约资源和保护环境，更加重视改善民生和促进社会和谐，推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设，加快全面建设小康社会进程。
The basic guidelines and major tasks for the government's work are as follows: we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;fully apply the Scientific Outlook on Development;attach greater importance to improving macroeconomic regulation, promoting reform, opening up and independent innovation, adjusting the economic structure and improving 23 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
the quality of development, conserving resources and protecting the environment, and improving people's lives and promoting social harmony;promote socialist economic, political, cultural and social development;and accelerate the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.今年国民经济和社会发展的预期目标是：在优化结构、提高效益、降低消耗、保护环境的基础上，国内生产总值增长8%左右；居民消费价格总水平涨幅控制在4.8%左右；城镇新增就业1000万人，城镇登记失业率控制在4.5%左右；国际收支状况有所改善。
We have set the following targets for economic and social development in 2008: on the basis of improving the economic structure, productivity, energy efficiency and environmental protection, the GDP should grow by about 8%, and the rise in the CPI should be held at around 4.8%.Ten million jobs should be created in urban areas, and the rate of registered urban unemployment should be kept at around 4.5%.Some improvement should be made in the balance of payments.这里要着重说明，提出国内生产总值增长8%左右，主要是综合考虑了国内和国际多种因素，着眼于保持经济平稳较快发展，引导各方面把主要精力和工作重点放在转变发展方式、深化改革、加快社会建设上，防止片面追求和盲目攀比经济增长速度，实现经济社会又好又快发展。
It is important to note here that in setting the GDP growth target at around 8% for 2008, we have taken into account a variety of domestic and international factors.Our goal is to maintain both steady and fast economic growth, and guide all sectors of society to concentrate on changing the pattern of development, deepening reform and accelerating social development.The different regions should not just seek faster growth or compete with each other to have the highest growth rate.We should promote both sound and fast economic and social development.提出居民消费价格总水平涨幅控制在4.8%左右，主要是由于去年价格上涨对今年价格的翘尾影响较大，推动价格上涨的因素较多，控制物价上涨的难度加大；同时，又要考虑到居民、企业和社会各方面承受能力，努力避免物价涨幅过大。
The major considerations in setting the target for keeping the CPI this year at around 4.8% are as follows: last year's price increases are still exerting a fairly strong influence and quite a few factors are creating inflationary pressure, making it difficult to bring price increases under control.At the same time, we have to take into consideration the ability of individuals, enterprises and all sectors of society to tolerate price increases and try our best to avoid sharp price increases.实现经济社会发展的目标和任务，需要把握以下原则：
To attain the targets and accomplish the tasks for this year's economic and social development, we must adhere to the following principles: 坚持稳中求进，促进经济平稳较快发展；坚持好字优先，加快转变经济发展方式；坚持改革开放，注重推进制度建设和创新；
we must make progress while maintaining stability and aim for fast yet steady economic development.We must give priority to the quality rather than speed of development and accelerate improvement in the pattern of economic development.We must pursue reform and opening up and attach great importance to 24 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
promoting institutional improvements and innovations.坚持以人为本，加快以改善民生为重点的社会建设。今年经济工作，要把防止经济增长由偏快转为过热、防止价格由结构性上涨演变为明显通货膨胀作为宏观调控的首要任务；鉴于当前国内外经济形势发展的不确定因素较多，要密切跟踪分析新情况新问题，审时度势，从实际出发，及时灵活地采取相应对策，正确把握宏观调控的节奏、重点和力度，保持经济平稳较快发展，避免出现大的起落。
We must put people first and accelerate social development, with the focus on improving people's lives.The primary task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent fast economic growth from becoming overheated growth and keep structural price increases from turning into significant inflation.There are quite a few uncertainties in the current economic situation at home and abroad, so we need to keep close track of new developments and problems, properly size up situations and take prompt and flexible measures to respond to them while keeping our feet firmly rooted in reality.We need to maintain the appropriate pace, focus and intensity of macroeconomic regulation to sustain steady and fast economic development and avoid drastic fluctuations in the economy.今年要着重抓好以下九个方面工作：
We need to concentrate on the following nine tasks this year:
（一）搞好宏观调控，保持经济平稳较快发展
1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to maintain fast yet steady economic development.根据国内外经济形势和宏观调控任务的要求，今年要实行稳健的财政政策和从紧的货币政策。
In view of the current domestic and international economic situation we need to follow a prudent fiscal policy and a tight monetary policy this year to accomplish the tasks for macroeconomic regulation.继续实行稳健的财政政策，就是要保持财政政策的连续性和稳定性，充分发挥财政促进结构调整和协调发展的重要作用，增加对薄弱环节、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出；同时，进一步减少财政赤字和长期建设国债。
Continuing to follow a prudent fiscal policy means that we must ensure the continuity and consistency of fiscal policy, get public finance to fully play its important role in promoting structural adjustment and balanced development, and increase expenditures to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform.In addition, we need to further reduce the budget deficit and the volume of long-term development treasury bonds.今年，中央财政赤字预算拟安排1800亿元，比去年预算赤字减少650亿元；拟安排国债投资300亿元，比去年减少200亿元；增加中央预算内经常性建设投资，中央建设投资总计为1521亿元。
The deficit for the central government budget this year is set at 180 billion yuan, 65 billion yuan less than last year.We plan to issue 30 billion yuan of treasury bonds for investment, 20 billion yuan less than last year, and increase allocations from the central government budget for general development, bringing total central government investment in development projects up to 152.1 billion yuan.25 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
继续调整财政支出和政府投资结构，较大幅度地增加“三农”、社会保障、医疗卫生、教育、文化、节能减排和廉租住房建设等方面支出。要抓好增收节支，依法加强税收征管，规范非税收入管理，控制一般性支出。改革政府投资管理方式，提高投资使用效益。
We will continue to adjust the structure of government spending and investment by greatly increasing spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the social safety net, medical and health care, education, culture, energy conservation and emissions reduction, and construction of low-rent housing.We will work hard to increase revenue and reduce expenditures, tighten tax collection and management in accordance with the law, improve management of non-tax revenue, and control regular expenditures.We need to reform the management of government investment to improve the performance of investments.合理安排财政超收收入。去年全国财政比预算超收7239亿元，其中中央财政超收4168亿元。超预算收入使用的原则是：集中财力办关系民生和制度性建设方面的事，调整结构，加强薄弱环节。
Government revenue surplus must be used wisely.Total government revenue exceeded the targeted figure by more than 723.9 billion yuan last year, including 416.8 billion yuan in the central government budget.Surplus revenue should be concentrated on solving problems that have a direct bearing on people's lives, making institutional and structural improvements and strengthening weak links.依法增加地方两税返还和一般性转移支付的支出；增加农林水、教育、文化和科技方面支出；增加社会保障、医疗卫生、司法保障和廉租住房建设支出；增加节能减排和环境保护支出；解决农村义务教育债务和国有粮食企业财务挂账等历史遗留问题支出。同时，削减财政赤字450亿元；拟增加中央预算稳定调节基金1032亿元。
Spending on the following items will be increased in accordance with the law: rebates on the consumption tax and value-added tax and general transfer payments to local governments;agriculture, forestry, water conservancy projects, education, culture, science, the social safety net, medical and health care, legal aid, construction of low-rent housing, energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection;and resolution of debts for rural compulsory education, debts of state-owned grain enterprises and other long-overdue payments.In addition, the budget deficit should be reduced by 45 billion yuan and the central budget stability and regulation fund should be increased by 103.2 billion yuan.实行从紧的货币政策，主要是考虑当前固定资产投资反弹压力较大，货币信贷投放仍然偏多，流动性过剩矛盾尚未缓解，价格上涨压力明显，需要加强金融调控，控制货币供应量和信贷过快增长。
The decision to follow a tight monetary policy was based on the following considerations: the strong possibility of a resurgence in fixed asset investment, continued excessive supplies of money and credit, the still-unsolved problem of excess liquidity, and considerable inflationary pressure.For these reasons, we must improve financial regulation to control the excessively rapid growth in the supplies of money and credit.一要综合运用公开市场操作、存款准备金率等方式，加大对冲流动性力度；合理发挥利率杠杆调节作用；完善人民币汇率形成机制，增强汇率弹性。
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First, we will step up efforts to curb excess liquidity by using a combination of open market operations and the required deposit reserve ratio.We will make appropriate use of the lever of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime to make the exchange rate more flexible.二要着力优化信贷结构，严格执行贷款条件，有保有压。控制中长期贷款增长，特别是对高耗能、高排放企业和产能过剩行业的贷款；创新和改进银行信贷服务，完善担保、贴息等制度，加大对“三农”、服务业、中小企业、自主创新、节能环保、区域协调发展等方面的贷款支持。
Second, with the focus on improving the credit structure, we will strictly follow requirements for granting loans and guarantee some loans while restricting others.We will limit the increase in long-and medium-term loans, particularly to enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting and enterprises in industries with excess production capacity.We will make innovations and improvements in bank credit services, improve the systems of guarantees and interest discounts, and increase credit support for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, service industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, independent innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, and balancing regional development.三要深化外汇管理体制改革。完善结售汇制度，加强跨境资本流动监管，稳步推进资本项目可兑换。拓展外汇储备使用渠道和方式。同时，采取综合措施，努力改善国际收支状况。
Third, we will deepen reform of the foreign exchange administration system.We will improve the system for foreign exchange settlements and sales and payments in foreign exchange, tighten oversight on the flow of capital across borders, and move steadily toward making the RMB convertible for capital accounts.We will develop new channels and means for using foreign exchange reserves.Comprehensive measures will be adopted to improve the balance of payments.防止价格总水平过快上涨，是今年宏观调控的重大任务。必须从增加有效供给和抑制不合理需求两方面采取有力措施。
One major task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent the overall price level from rising rapidly.To fulfill this task, we must take powerful measures to increase effective supply while curbing excessive demand.一要大力发展生产，特别要加强粮食、食用植物油、肉类等基本生活必需品和其他紧缺商品生产，认真落实支持发展生产的政策措施，搞好产运销衔接。
First, we must expand production, especially the production of the basic necessities of life such as grain, vegetable oil and meat as well as other commodities in short supply.We must also earnestly implement policies and measures designed to support production and ensure coordination in the production, transport and sale of products.二要严格控制工业用粮和粮食出口。坚决制止玉米深加工能力盲目扩张，违规在建项目必须停建。
Second, we must strictly control industrial use of grain and grain exports.The reckless expansion of the capacity for intensive corn processing and construction work on such projects that violate regulations must be stopped.27 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
三要加快健全储备体系，改进和完善储备调节和进出口调节方式，适当增加国内紧缺重要消费品进口。
Third, we need to speed up improvement of the reserve system, improve methods for adjusting reserves and import and export volumes, and appropriately increase imports of major consumer goods that are in short supply on the domestic market.四要把握好政府调价的时机和力度，必须调整的资源性产品价格和公共服务收费也要从严控制，防止出现轮番涨价。
Fourth, we need to ensure that the timing and the size of government adjustments to prices are appropriate, and necessary adjustment of prices of resource products and public services should also be strictly controlled to prevent waves of price increases.五要健全大宗农产品、初级产品供求和价格变动的监测预警制度，做好市场供应和价格应急预案。
Fifth, we need to improve the early-warning system to monitor supply and demand and price changes of principal agricultural products and primary products, and put in place a plan for responding to drastic changes in market supply and demand and prices.六要加强市场和价格监管，抓好教育收费、医药价格、农资价格及涉农收费的监督检查。依法打击串通涨价、囤积居奇、哄抬物价等违法违规行为。
Sixth, we must strengthen market and price oversight and pay close attention to the oversight and inspection of prices and charges related to education, medical care, drugs, agricultural supplies, agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Illegal activities such as colluding or hoarding to drive up prices will be punished in accordance with the law.七要及时完善和落实对低收入群众的补助办法，特别要增加对生活困难群众和家庭经济困难学生的补贴，确保他们基本生活水平不因物价上涨而下降。
Seventh, we need to promptly improve and implement measures to aid the low-income sector of the population.In particular, we need to increase subsidies to poor people and students from poor families to ensure that their basic living standards do not drop because of price increases.八要遏制生产资料尤其是农业生产资料价格过快上涨。
Eighth, we must work to make sure that the prices of the means of production, particularly agricultural supplies, do not rise rapidly.九要坚持实行“米袋子”省长负责制和“菜篮子”市长负责制。物价问题与人民生活密切相关，各级政府一定要把稳定市场物价放在更加重要的位置。
Ninth, we will continue to implement the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the “rice bag”(grain supply)program and city mayors for the “vegetable basket”(non-staple food supply)program.Governments at all levels must give high priority to keeping prices stable because price stability has a direct bearing on the quality of people's lives.现在，国家粮食库存充裕，主要工业消费品供大于求，只要切实加强领导，认真落实各项政策措施，上下共同努力，就一定能够保证市场供应和价格基本稳定。
The country currently has an adequate stock of grain, and the supply of major 28 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
manufactured consumer goods exceeds demand.We can ensure adequate supply in the market and basic price stability as long as governments at all levels work to improve their leadership, diligently implement all policies and measures, and mount a concerted effort from the highest to the lowest level.近期发生的严重低温雨雪冰冻灾害，给经济造成重大损失，给群众生活带来很大困难。要继续做好灾后重建工作，把灾害损失减少到最低程度。要以电网恢复重建为重点抓紧修复基础设施，尽快恢复农业生产，加强煤电油运协调工作，妥善安排受灾地区群众生活。同时，要从这次特大自然灾害中，认真总结经验教训。加强电力、交通、通信等基础设施建设，提高抗灾和保障能力；加强应急体系和机制建设，提高预防和处置突发事件能力；加强对现代条件下自然灾害特点和规律的研究，提高防灾减灾能力。
The recent disaster resulting from snow and ice storms caused significant losses to China's economy and made life very difficult for disaster victims.We will continue the work of repairing the damage and minimizing losses from the disaster.Affected infrastructure will be promptly repaired, with the focus on restoring power grids.Agricultural production will be resumed as soon as possible.We will closely coordinate supplies of coal, electricity, petroleum and transportation to help disaster victims get back on their feet.In addition, we will learn from this large-scale natural disaster.We must accelerate development of infrastructure, including electricity, transportation and communications, to improve its capacity to resist disasters and maintain normal operations.We must improve the systems and mechanisms for responding to disasters to increase our ability to prevent and handle emergencies.We must step up research to better understand the features and patterns of natural disasters under modern conditions and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate them.(二）加强农业基础建设，促进农业发展和农民增收.2.Strengthening agriculture as the foundation of the economy, promoting development of agriculture and increasing farmer incomes.今年，要千方百计争取农业有个好收成，努力增加农民收入，推进社会主义新农村建设。突出抓好三件事：
We will do everything possible to ensure a good harvest this year and work to increase farmer incomes and build a new socialist countryside.We will concentrate on the following three areas: 一是大力发展粮食生产，保障农产品供给。粮食安全，关系经济社会发展全局，关系人民群众切身利益，丝毫不能放松粮食生产。要切实稳定粮食种植面积，提高单产水平。加大对粮食主产区和种粮农民的扶持力度，实施粮食战略工程，加快建立粮食核心产区，全面提高粮食综合生产能力和供给保障能力。农业生产既要增加总量，又要优化品种结构，促进各类重要农产品稳定增长。认真落实支持生猪、奶业、油料发展的政策措施。积极发展畜牧水产业，扶持和促进规模化健康养殖。推进农业标准化生产，提高农产品的质量安全水平。
First, we will vigorously develop grain production and ensure the supply of agricultural products.Grain security has an overall bearing on economic and social development and affects the vital interests of the people, so we must always pay close attention to grain production.We must effectively keep the area sown to grain crops stable and increase the yield per unit area.We will increase support 29 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
for major grain-producing areas and grain farmers, carry out the grain strategy project and speed up efforts to establish core grain-producing areas to enhance the overall grain production capacity and become more able to ensure adequate supplies.While working to increase agricultural output, we also need to improve the structure of grain varieties grown and promote a constant increase in the production of important agricultural products.We will conscientiously implement policies and measures to boost pig production, dairy farming and oilseed production.We will energetically develop animal husbandry and aquaculture and support and promote their large-scale development as well as healthy farming practices.We will promote standardization of agricultural production to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.二是加强农业基础设施建设，加快完成大种型和重点小型病险水库除险加固任务。搞好小型农田水利建设，大力发展节水灌溉。加大土地开发整理复垦力度，搞好中低产田改造，提高耕地质量，建设一批高标准农田。加强农村饮水、道路、电网、通信、文化等基础设施建设，大力发展农村公共交通，改善农村人居环境。今年要再解决3200万农村人口的安全饮水问题，增加500万农村沼气用户支持建设一批大中型沼气项目。
Second, we will intensify development of the agricultural infrastructure.We will speed up efforts to reinforce large and medium-sized reservoirs and dilapidated key small reservoirs.We will improve irrigated areas, build small water conservancy facilities and work hard to develop water-efficient irrigation.We will increase efforts to develop, improve and reclaim land, upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland, improve the productivity of farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will step up rural infrastructure development in drinking water supplies, roads, power grids, telecommunications and cultural facilities, vigorously develop rural public transportation systems and improve the rural living environment.We will provide safe drinking water for another 32 million rural residents and support the building of a number of large and medium-sized methane facilities to serve an additional five million rural families.三是拓宽农民增收渠道。加快发展高产优质高效生态安全农业，支持农业产业化经营和龙头企业发展，加强农村现代市场流通体系建设，壮大和提升农村二三产业，发展乡镇企业，增强县域经济实力。加强农村职业教育和技能培训，提高农民转移就业能力，发展劳务经济。加大扶贫开发力度，继续减少贫困人口.Third, we will develop more channels to increase rural incomes.We will accelerate the development of high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, eco-friendly and safe agriculture and support the development of industrialized agricultural operations and pacesetting enterprises.We will increase efforts to build a modern marketing and retail distribution network for rural areas, strengthen and upgrade rural secondary and tertiary industries, develop township and village enterprises and strengthen county economies.We will step up vocational education and technical training in rural areas to make it easier for rural residents to find nonagricultural employment, and develop the labor economy.We will intensify poverty alleviation efforts through development and continue to reduce the number of poor people.30 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
主要措施是：
The major measures we are going to take are as follows: 一要大力增加投入。今年财政支农投入的增量要明显高于上年，国家固定资产投资用于农村的增强要明显高于上年，政府土地出让收入用于农村建设的增量要明显高于上年。调整耕地占用税的使用方向，改革城市建设维护税使用办法，增加农村建设。今年中央财政安排“三农”支出5625亿元，比上年增加1307亿元.First, we will greatly increase funding.This year's increases in budgetary support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, state fixed asset investment in the countryside and the proportion of government land transfer income used for rural development will all be considerably higher than last year's increases.We will adjust the way tax revenues from the use of farmland for nonagricultural purposes are used and reform methods for using urban construction and maintenance tax receipts to increase funding for rural development.Allocations from this year's central government budget related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers total 562.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 130.7 billion yuan.二要强化和完善农业支持政策。增加粮食直补，农资综合直补。扩大良种补贴规模和范围增加农机具购置补贴种类，提高补贴标准，从今年起农机具购置补贴覆盖到所有农业县。根据情况提高粮食最低收购价.Second, we will strengthen agricultural support policies.We will increase direct subsidies for grain producers and general direct subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies.We will expand both the size and scope of subsidies for using superior seed varieties.We will subsidize the purchase of more kinds of agricultural machinery and tools and raise such subsidies.Starting this year, eligibility for these subsidies will be expanded to all agricultural counties.We will raise the minimum grain purchase prices based on actual conditions.三要坚持最严格的耕地保护制度特别是加强基本农田保护。按土地利用总体规划从严审查调查各类规划的用地规模和标准，严格执行土地用途管理制度，依法严格管理农村集体和个人建设用地，坚决制止违法违规占用耕地和林地的行为.Third, we will adhere to the strictest possible system for protecting farmland, and in particular we will increase protection of basic farmland.We will carefully examine and adjust the amounts and standards for land use in all types of plans in accordance with the master plan for land use, strictly follow the system for controlling land use, rigorously manage rural land used for collective and private construction projects in accordance with the law, and resolutely put a stop to illegal appropriation of arable land and forested areas.四要完善农业科技推广和服务体系。加强农业科技创新和成果转化，强化以公益性为主的多元化农业技术推广服务。加快推进农业机械化。加强良种、信息、农产品质量安全和防灾减灾体系建设，搞好动物疫病和植物病虫害防控。加大测土配方施肥规模.Fourth, we will improve the system for spreading agricultural science and technology and providing agricultural technical services.We will work harder to make innovations in agricultural science and technology and apply advances in agricultural science and technology, and improve the diverse array of mainly nonprofit agricultural technical services.We will accelerate agricultural mechanization.We will improve the systems for superior seed varieties, 31 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
information, and the quality and safety of agricultural products, and for preventing and mitigating disasters, and do a good job preventing and controlling animal epidemics, plant diseases and insect pests.We will expand trial soil testing to determine appropriate fertilizer formulas.五要全面推进农村改革。加快农村综合改革步伐。采取多种有效措施，积极稳妥地化解乡村债务及中央和地方将增加财政投入，用三年左右时间基本化解农村义务教育历史债务。坚持农村基本经营制度，稳定和完善土地承保关系，按照依法自愿有偿原则，健全土地承包经营权流转市场，有条件的地方可以发展多种形式的适度规模经营。大力发展农民专业合作组织。全面推进集体林权制度改革.Fifth, we will carry out rural reform in all areas.We will accelerate overall rural reform.We will adopt effective measures to actively yet prudently reduce the debts of townships and villages.The central and local governments will increase budgetary funding to basically clear up overdue debts for rural compulsory education in about three years.We will adhere to the basic system for rural operations and stabilize and improve land contract relationships.We will improve the market for the compensated, voluntary transfer of land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and allow diverse forms of farming operations to develop to an appropriate scale where conditions permit.We will work hard to develop specialized farmer cooperatives.We will carry out comprehensive reform of the system of collective forest rights.(三）推进经济结构调整，转变发展方式.3.Promoting economic adjustment and changing the pattern of development.坚持扩大内需方针，调整投资和消费关系，促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变。关键是合理控制固定资产投资规模，着力优化投资结构。坚持严把土地、信贷闸门和市场准入标准，特别是要加强和规范新开工心目管理，严格执行项目新开工条件。
We will continue to boost domestic demand, adjust the balance of investment and consumption, and promote the shift from the pattern of economic growth that relies mainly on investment and exports to one that relies on a balanced combination of consumption, investment and exports.It is essential to appropriately control the scale of fixed asset investment and improve the investment structure.We will maintain strict control over the availability of land, credit and market access, and pay particular attention to strengthening and standardizing supervision of new projects to ensure they meet all the conditions for launching.坚决控制高耗能、高排放和产能过剩行业盲目投资和重复建设，提高限制发展行业的准入标准和项目资本金比例。违法违规建设项目要坚决停建。加大对经济社会发展薄弱环节、重点领域和中西部地区的支持力度。从严控制新增建设用地特别是工业用地，今年土地利用计划总规模控制在去年水平。要适应新形势、新情况，加强和改进对社会各类投资活动的引导、调控和监管.Haphazard investment and unneeded development projects in energy 32 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
intensive and highly polluting industries and industries with excess production capacity will be resolutely stopped, and market access will be tightened and capital requirements will be increased for industries whose development is discouraged.Work on illegal projects will be resolutely stopped.We will increase support for weak links and key areas in economic and social development and give more support to the central and western regions.We must tighten control over the amount of land used for development projects, especially for industrial purposes, and hold the total amount of land used this year to last year's level.We must respond to new conditions and situations by improving guidance, regulation and oversight for all types of investment activities in the country.坚持把推进自主创新作为转变发展方式的中心环节。要认真落实国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，全面启动和组织实施大型飞机、水体污染控制与治理、大型油气田及煤层气开发等国家重大专项。实施基础研究、高技术研究和科技支撑计划。着力突破新能源汽车、高速轨道交通、工农业节水等一批重大关键技术。
We will promote development of the national innovation system, focusing on building a number of national laboratories, national engineering centers, and platforms to support enterprise innovation and enterprise technology centers to strengthen China's science and technology infrastructure.We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology and coordinate and improve resource distribution.The central government will spend 113.4 billion yuan on science and technology in 2008, a year-on-year increase of 13.4 billion yuan.We will improve and implement the policy to support independent innovation, get enterprises to fully play their role as the main parties responsible for technological innovation, and encourage and guide them to increase investment in R&D.We will integrate the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes and develop innovative enterprises.Government procurement of products produced through independent innovation will be increased.Trials in the use of venture capital will be expanded.We will implement the intellectual property rights strategy.We will expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries
推进国家创新体系建设，重点建设一批国家实验室、国家工程中心、面向企业的创新支撑平台和企业技术中心，加强科技基础能力建设。深化科技管理体制改革，统筹和优化科技资源配置。今年中央财政将安排科技支出1134亿元，比上年增加134亿元。完善和落实支持自主创新的政策，充分发挥企业作为技术创新主体的作用，鼓励、引导企业增加研发投入。加大政府采购对自主创新产品的支持力度。扩大创业风险和投资试点范围。实施知识产权战略，加强国际科技合作.We will continue to promote independent innovation as the central link in efforts to change the pattern of development.We need to diligently implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development and fully launch and implement key national projects, including those to develop large aircraft, control pollution in bodies of water, and develop large-scale oil and gas fields and coal seam gas operations.We will carry out plans for basic research, high-tech research, and research to provide scientific 33 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
and technological support for development.We will work to make major breakthroughs in key technologies for producing vehicles powered by new energy sources, developing high-speed railway transport and saving water in industries..推进产业结构优化升级。坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，推进信息化与工业化融合。着力发展高新技术产业，大力振兴装备制造业，改造和提升传统产业，加快发展服务业特别是现代服务业。继续实施新型显示器、宽带通信与网络、生物医药等一批重大高技术产业专项。
We will promote improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure.We will keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and promote integration of IT application with industrialization.We will work to develop new-and high-technology industries, reinvigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, upgrade traditional industries and accelerate the development of service industries, particularly modern services.We will continue the major projects to apply high technologies in the production of new-type displays, broadband communications and network equipment, and biomedicine.充分发挥国家高新技术开发区的集聚、引领和辐射作用。围绕大型清洁高效发电设备、高档数控机床和基础制造装备等关键领域，推进重大装备、关键零部件及元器件自主研发和国产化。加强地质工作，提高资源勘查开发水平。积极发展现代能源原材料产业和综合运输体系.We will get national new and high technology development zones to fully play their role in pooling resources, guiding development and boosting development in surrounding areas.We will promote domestic R&D and production of important equipment and key spare parts and components, with the focus on key areas such as large clean and highly efficient power generating units, high-grade digital machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment.We will give higher priority to geological work to improve prospecting for and exploitation of natural resources.We will strongly develop the modern energy and raw materials industries and better integrate the transportation system.促进区域协调发展。深入推进西部大开发，建工建设一批重点工程，支持重点地区优化开发。继续搞好天然林保护、防沙治沙、石漠化治理落实退耕还林后续政策。组织实施东北地区振兴规划，支持先进装备制造业发展和资源枯竭型地区经济转型。编制和实施促进中西部崛起计划，落实并完善相关政策。鼓励东部地步率先发展，着力提升国际竞争力。进一步加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区发展的扶持力度。制定并实施主体功能区规划和政策.We will promote balanced development among regions.We will extensively promote the large-scale development of the western region, and launch a number of key projects and support the development of key areas on a priority basis.We will continue to protect natural forests, prevent and control desertification, and reverse and prevent the development of stony deserts, and will implement a follow-up policy to consolidate progress made in converting retired farmland to forests.We will implement the plan to reinvigorate northeast China, and support the development of advanced equipment manufacturing and modern agriculture and the economic transformation of areas depending on resources that are now exhausted.We will formulate and implement a plan to boost development of the 34 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
central region and implement and improve relevant policies.We will encourage the eastern region to lead the country in development and improve its international competitiveness.We will give more support to old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas to help them develop.We will adopt and implement a plan and policy for development priority zones.(四）加大节能减排和环境保护力度，做好产品质量安全工作.4.Increasing efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment, and ensuring product quality and safety.今年是完成“十一五”节能减排约束性目标的关键一年，务必增强紧迫感，加大攻坚力度，力求取得更大成效。
This year is crucial for meeting the obligatory targets for energy conservation and emissions reduction set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and we must increase our sense of urgency and intensify efforts to make greater progress.一是落实电力、钢铁、水泥、煤炭、造纸等行业淘汰落后生产能力计划。建立淘汰落后产能退出机制，完善和落实关闭企业的配套政策措施。同时，按照规划加强这些行业先进生产能力的建设.First, we will implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries.We will also put in place a mechanism for closing down these facilities and improve and implement support policies and measures for shutting down enterprises.In addition, we will step up efforts to develop advanced production facilities in these industries in accordance with the plan.二是抓好重点企业节能和重点工程建设。加快十大重点节能工程实施进度。提高城镇污水处理能力，力争用两年的时间在36个大城市率先实现污水的全部收集和处理。适当提高排污费、污水处理费和垃圾处理费标准。完善和严格执行建筑标准，大力推进墙体材料革新和建筑节能。稳步推进城镇供热体制和市政公用事业改革.Second, we will focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects.We need to accelerate work on the ten major energy conservation projects.We will increase the urban sewage treatment capacity and strive to reach the goal of 100% collection and treatment of sewage in 36 large cities within two years.Charges for discharging wastewater and for sewage treatment and garbage disposal will be appropriately raised.Building standards will be upgraded and strictly enforced to encourage the development of better wall materials and construction of energy-efficient buildings.We will make steady progress in reforming the urban heating system and public utilities.三是开放和推广节约、替代、循环利用资源和治理污染的先进技术，实施节能减排重大技术和示范工程。大力发展节能服务产业和环保业。开发风能、太阳能等清洁、可再生能源.Third, we will develop and apply advanced and appropriate technologies to save, replace and reuse resources and control pollution, and carry out projects to develop and demonstrate major energy conservation and emissions reduction technologies.We will energetically develop the energy conservation service industry and the environmental protection industry.We will develop clean and 35 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy.四是做好“三河三湖”、南水北调税源及沿线、三峡库区和松花江等重点流域污染防治工作，实施渤海环境保护总体规划。提高重点流域水污染无的国家排放标准.Fourth, we will prevent and control pollution in key river valleys and regions, including the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Three Gorges Reservoir area.We will implement the master plan for protecting the environment of the Bohai Sea.National standards will have stricter limits for discharge of pollutants in key river valleys.五是加强农村饮用水水源地保护，推进农村生活污染治理，严格控制农村地区工业污染，加强畜禽、水产养殖污染治理，控制农业面源污染.Fifth, we will intensify protection of rural drinking water sources, and work to control sewage and garbage pollution and industrial pollution in rural areas.We will also strengthen control of pollution from livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture as well as agricultural nonpoint source pollution.六是鼓励和支持发展循环经济，促进再生资源回收利用。全面推行清洁生产.Sixth, we will encourage and support the development of a circular economy and promote recycling and reuse of renewable resources.We will also promote cleaner production in all industries.七是加强土地、水、草原、森林、矿产等资源的保护和节约集约利用，严厉查处乱采滥挖矿产资源等违法违规行为。搞好海洋资源保护和合理利用，发展海洋经济。加强气象、地震、测绘基础研究和能力建设.Seventh, we will strengthen efforts to protect, conserve and intensively use natural resources, including land, water, grasslands, forests and minerals, and take stern measures to combat illegal mining of mineral resources.We will effectively protect marine resources, use them wisely, and develop the marine economy.We will intensify China's basic research efforts in meteorology, earthquake science, and surveying and mapping to strengthen these areas.八是实施应对气候变化国家方案，加强应对气候变化能力建设.Eighth, we will implement the national plan to respond to climate change to strengthen China's ability to respond to climate change.九是完善能源资源节约和环境保护奖惩机制。执行节能减排统计监测制度，健全审计、监察体系、加强执法力度，强化节能减排工作责任制.Ninth, we will improve the mechanism for rewarding those who conserve energy and resources and protect the environment and punishing those who waste energy and resources and harm the environment.We will also employ statistical and monitoring systems for conserving energy and reducing emissions, and improve the auditing and supervision systems, increase law enforcement efforts, and tighten the accountability system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.十是增强全社会生态文明观念，动员全体人民更加积极投身于资源节约型、环境友好型、社会建设。节约资源和环境保护要一代一代人持之以恒地进行下去，让我们的祖国山更绿，水更清，天更蓝.36 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
Tenth, we will enhance public awareness of the importance of a culture of conservation and encourage the entire nation to participate in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.Resource conservation and environmental protection must continue from generation to generation to make our mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.加强产品质量安全工作。
We will intensify efforts to ensure product quality and safety.一是加快产品质量安全标准制定和修订。今年要完成7700多项食品、药品和其他消费品安全国家标准的制定修改工作，健全食品、药品和其他消费品安全标准体系；食品、消费品安全性能要求及其检测方法标准，都要采用国际标准。出口产品除符合国家标准外，还要符合进口国标准和技术法规的要求。
First, we will accelerate efforts to formulate or update national standards for product quality and safety.This year, we will complete the formulation or updating of more than 7,700 national standards for the safety of food products, drugs and other consumer goods to put in place a sound system of standards for product safety.All requirements and testing methods for the safety and quality of food and other consumer goods will comply with international standards.China's exports will meet both international standards and the laws and regulations on technical standards of the importing countries.二是完善产品质量安全法制保障。加快制定修订涉及产品质量安全的法规，完善行政执法与刑事司法紧密衔接的机制，加强对违法违规企业的惩处力度。
Second, we will improve legal guarantees for product quality and safety.We need to promptly enact or revise laws and regulations pertaining to product quality and safety, and improve the mechanism for effectively coordinating administrative law enforcement and criminal justice to increase punishment for enterprises that violate such laws and regulations.三是健全产品质量安全监管体系。严格执行生产许可、强制认证、注册备案制度，严把市场准入关。提高涉及人身健康和安全产品的生产许可条件和市场准入门槛。加强食品、药品等重点监管工作，严把进出口商量质量关。认真落实产品质量安全责任制。我们一定要让人民群众吃得放心、用得安心，让出口产品享有良好信誉.Third, we will improve the oversight and control systems for product quality and safety.We will follow to the letter the regulations for issuing production permits and mandatory certificates and for registration and record keeping to strictly control market access.We will raise the requirements for production permits and tighten market access for products related to people's health and safety.We need to strengthen quality and safety oversight for essential products such as food and drugs, and strictly control the quality of exports and imports.We will diligently follow the accountability system for product quality and safety.It is imperative that the people feel confident about the safety of food and other consumer goods and that our exports have a good reputation.(五）深化经济体制改革，提高对外开放水平.5.Deepening economic reform and opening wider to the outside world.37 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
今年是改革开放30周年，改革开放使中国发生了历史性的巨大变化。我们仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，进一步解放和发展生产力，进一步促进社会公平正义，实现全面建设小康社会和国家现代化的宏伟目标，必须继续坚定不移地推进改革开放。今年着重抓好以下几个方面: It has been 30 years since China introduced the reform and opening up policy, which has brought about great historic changes to the country.However, China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come.To further promote unfettered development of the productive forces, promote greater social fairness and justice, and attain the magnificent goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and modernizing China, we must continue to unswervingly implement the reform and opening up policy.We will concentrate on the following areas this year.推进国有企业改革，完善所有制结构。继续推动国有资本调整和国有企业重组。深化国有企业公司制股份制改革。完善公司法人治理结构。做好政策性关闭破产和主辅分离、辅业改制工作。扩大国有资本经营预算制度试点。深化垄断行业改革，引入竞争机制，加强政府监管和社会监督。
We need to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion.We will protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.We will advance the reform of collectively owned enterprises and develop diverse forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will conscientiously implement the policies for encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of individual-proprietorship businesses and private companies in the nonpublic sector of the economy.In particular, we will help them solve problems related to market access and financial support.严格规范国有企业改制和国有产权转让，防止国有资产流失，保障职工合法权益。推进集体企业改革，发展多种形式的集体经济、合作经济。认真落实鼓励、支持和引导个体私营等非公有制经济发展的各项政策，尤其要解决市场准入和融资支持等方面的问题.We will advance the reform of SOEs and improve their ownership structure.We will continue to adjust state-owned assets and reorganize SOEs.We need to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholding corporations.We will improve corporate governance, carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies, separate SOEs' secondary businesses from their core businesses, and convert the former into independent companies.We will expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital.We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public oversight of them.深化财税体制改革，加快公共财政体系建设。改革预算制度，强化预算管理和监督。完善财政转移支付制度，提高一般性转移支付规模和比例。积极推进省以下财政体制改革。全面实施新的企业所得税法。改革资源税费制度，完善资源的有偿使用制度和生态环境的补偿机制。继续推进增值税转型改革试点，研究制定在全国范围内实施方案.We will deepen reform of the fiscal and taxation systems and accelerate improvement in the public finance system.We will reform the budget system and tighten budgetary management and oversight.We need to improve and 38 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
standardize the system of transfer payments, raise the volume and proportion of general transfer payments and increase spending on public services.We will energetically push ahead with the reform of fiscal systems at and below the provincial level.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax will be comprehensively enforced.We will reform the system of resource taxes and fees, and improve the compensation systems for use of resources and for damage caused to the ecosystem.We will carry forward the trial VAT reform and formulate a plan to carry out the reform nationwide.加快金融体制改革，加强金融监管。继续深化银行业改革，重点推进中国农业银行股份制改革和国家开发银行改革。建立存款保险制度。加快农村金融改革，强化中国农业银行、中国农业发展银行和中国邮政储蓄银行为“三农”服务的功能，继续深化农村信用社改革，积极推进新型的农村金融机构发展。
We will speed up reform of the financial system and strengthen financial oversight.We will continue deepening reform of the banking industry, focusing on the introduction of a shareholding system in the Agriculture Bank of China and the reform of the China Development Bank.A deposit insurance system will be set up.We will accelerate rural financial reform and strengthen the role of the Agriculture Bank of China, the Agricultural Development Bank of China and the China Postal Savings Bank in serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers.We will continue to deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives and actively promote the development of new types of financial institutions in rural areas.优化资本市场结构，促进股票市场稳定健康发展，着力提高上市公司质量，维护公开公平公正的市场秩序，建立创业板市场，加快发展债券市场，稳步发展期货市场深化保险业改革，积极扩大农业保险的范围，做好政策性农业保险试点工作。依法严厉查处各种金融违法违规行为。切实防范和化解金融风险，维护金融稳定和安全.We will improve the structure of the capital market, promote steady and sound development of the stock markets, strive to improve the performance of listed companies, and maintain an open, fair and equitable market environment.We will establish a market for growth enterprises, accelerate development of the bond market and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance industry, vigorously extend the scope of agricultural insurance, and successfully carry out trials of policy-supported agricultural insurance.We will take stern measures to combat violations of financial laws and regulations and guard against and defuse financial risks to maintain financial stability and security.拓展对外开放广度和深度，提高开放型经济水平。在保持出口平稳增长的同时，加快转变外贸发展方式，优化出口结构，鼓励自主知识产权和自主品牌的产品出口，提高出口产品质量、档次和附加值。扩大服务出口，发展服务外包。积极扩大进口，重点增加先进技术装备、重要原材料和关键零部件及元器件的进口。
We will expand the breadth and depth of China's openness and make its economy more open.We will accelerate change in the pattern of foreign trade growth, improve the mix of exports, encourage the export of products with Chinese intellectual property rights and trademarks, and raise the quality, grade and added value of exports while maintaining steady export growth.We need to 39 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
increase export of services and encourage foreign businesses to outsource services to China.We will energetically increase imports, with the focus on advanced technology and equipment, important raw materials, and key spare parts and components.优化利用外资产业结构和地区布局，稳步推进服务业的对外开放。限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分资源性外资项目，切实纠正招商引资中违法违规的做法。创新对外投资和合作的方式，完善和落实支持企业“走出去”的政策措施。加强多双边和区域经济合作。继续推进自由贸易区的，认真实施已签署的协定。维护公平的国际贸易秩序.We will improve the mix of industries using foreign investment and their geographic distribution, and steadily make service industries more open.We will limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation, and correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investment.We will make innovations in the way we make investments and engage in cooperation overseas, and improve and implement policies and measures to support Chinese enterprises wishing to “go global.” We will strengthen bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.We will continue to promote talks on free trade zones and honor the treaties we have signed.We are committed to an equitable international trade order.在推进改革开放中，要加快现代市场的体系建设，大力发展现代流通，深入整顿和规范市场秩序，推进社会信用制度建设。
In carrying out reform and opening up, we will accelerate the development of a modern market system, energetically develop modern logistics, intensify efforts to ensure orderly markets and promote the development of a credit system for individuals.（六）更加注重社会建设，着力保障和改善民生.6.Paying closer attention to social development to ensure the wellbeing of the people and improve their lives.坚持优先发展教育。
We will continue to give priority to developing education.一是在全国城乡普遍实行免费义务教育。继续增加农村义务教育公用经费，提高保障水平。适当提高农村家庭经济困难寄宿生生活补助费的补助标准。认真落实保障经济困难家庭、进城务工人员子女平等接受义务教育的措施。在试点的基础上，从今年秋季起全面免除城市义务教育学杂费，这是推动义务教育均衡发展、促进教育公平的又一重大举措。
First, we will make free compulsory education universally available in both urban and rural areas.We will continue increasing regular expenditures for rural compulsory education and raise the level of budgetary allocations.We will appropriately increase living allowances for poor rural students residing on campus.We will take steps to ensure that children from poor families and children of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy the same access to compulsory education as others.After running trials in selected areas, we will completely stop collecting tuition and miscellaneous fees from all urban students receiving compulsory education starting this fall.This is another major measure for 40 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
promoting balanced development of compulsory education and equal access to education.二是大力发展职业教育。加强职业教育基础能力建设，深化职业教育管理、办学、投入等体制改革，培养高素质技能型人才。
Second, we must vigorously develop vocational education.We will strengthen the basic conditions for vocational education and deepen reform of the systems for administering, running and investing in vocational education programs in order to turn out high-quality skilled personnel.三是提高高等教育质量。优化学科专业结构，推进高水平大学和重点学科建设。普通高校招生增量继续向中西部地区倾斜.Third, we must raise the quality of higher education.We will improve the structure of academic disciplines and develop high-quality universities and key disciplines.Regular institutions of higher learning will continue to favor students in the central and western regions in expanding their enrollments.办好各级各类教育，必须抓好三项工作：
To successfully provide education of various kinds and at different levels, we must focus on the following three tasks.一要全面实施素质教育，推进教育改革创新。深化教学内容和方式、考试和招生制度、质量评价制度等改革。切实减轻中小学生的课业负担。
One, we must ensure that all students receive a well-rounded education, and promote educational reforms and innovations.We will deepen the reform of curricula, methods of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality, and lighten the study load of primary and secondary school students.二要加强教师队伍特别是农村教师队伍建设，完善和落实教师工资、津补贴制度。Two, we must improve the quality of teachers, especially in rural areas, and improve and implement the system of wages, allowances and subsidies for teachers.三要加大教育事业投入。今年中央财政用于教育的投入，将由去年的1076亿元增加到1562亿元；地方财政也都要增加投入。进一步规范教育收费。鼓励和规范民办教育发展。没有全民教育的普及和提高，便没有国家现代化的未来。要让孩子们上好学，办好人民满意的教育，提高全民族的素质.Three, we must increase investment in education.This year, central government allocation for education will increase from last year's total of 107.6 billion yuan to 156.2 billion yuan, and local governments will also increase their spending.We will further standardize the collection of education-related fees.We will standardize nonpublic education programs and encourage their development.China cannot modernize if education is not made universally available and if its quality is not improved.We must ensure that our children receive a good education, provide education that satisfies the needs of the people and improve the overall quality of the population.推进卫生事业改革和发展。重点抓好四件事：
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We will promote the reform and development of health care.Efforts will be focused on four areas: 一是加快推进覆盖城乡居民的医疗保障制度建设。扩大城镇职工基本医疗保险覆盖面；城镇居民基本医疗保险试点要扩大到全国50%以上的城市；在全国农村全面推行新型农村合作医疗制度，用两年时间将筹资标准由每人每年50元提高到100元，其中中央和地方财政对参合农民补助标准由40元提高到80元。健全城乡医疗救助制度。
First, we will accelerate the establishment of a system to ensure access to medical care for both urban and rural residents.We will expand the number of urban workers covered by basic medical insurance, and extend the trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents to over 50% of China's cities.We will fully implement the new type of rural cooperative medical care system in all rural areas.Within two years, we will raise the standard for financing from 50 yuan to 100 yuan per person per year, with central and local government contributions to be raised from 40 yuan to 80 yuan per person.We will improve the urban and rural assistance program for medical care.二是完善公共卫生服务体系。抓好重大疾病防治，落实扩大国家传染病免疫规划范围的政策措施，加大对艾滋病、结核病、血吸虫病等疾病患者的免费治疗力度。加强地方病、职业病、精神病防治。做好妇幼保健工作。在中西部地区农村实行住院分娩补助政策。健全公共卫生服务经费保障机制。
Second, we will improve the public health service system.We will prevent and treat major diseases, implement policies and measures to increase the number of diseases covered in the state plan for immunization against communicable diseases, and provide free treatment for more people suffering from diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis.We need to work harder to prevent and treat endemic, occupational and mental diseases.We must do a good job in work related to the health of women and children.We will implement a policy of granting allowances to rural women in the central and western regions giving birth in hospitals.We will improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for public health services.三是推进城乡医疗服务体系建设。重点健全农村三级卫生服务网络和城市社区医疗卫生服务体系。加大全科医护人员和乡村医生培养的力度，鼓励高素质人才到基层服务。开展公立医院改革试点。制定和实施扶持中医药和民族医药事业发展的措施。
Third, we will continue development of the medical service systems for urban and rural areas.We will focus on improving the county, township, village three-tier rural health service network and the urban community-based medical and health service system.We will train more general practitioners, nurses and rural doctors and encourage high-caliber health workers to work in village and community clinics.Trial reform of public hospitals will be carried out.Measures will be formulated and implemented to support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the folk medicines of ethnic minorities.四是建立国家基本药物制度和药品供应保障体系，保证群众基本用药和用药安全，农村药品价格上涨。今年中央财政将安排823亿元，比上年增加165亿元，支持卫生事业改革和发展，重点向农村和基层倾斜.42 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
Fourth, we will set up a national system for basic drugs and a system for ensuring drug supply to ensure the quality and adequate supply of basic drugs and hold down prices.This year the central government will allocate 83.2 billion yuan to support the reform and development of health care, an increase of 16.7 billion yuan over last year, with the focus of spending on facilities at the urban community and village level.去年以来，国务院组织力量研究深化医药卫生体制改革问题，已经制定一个初步方案，将向社会公开征求意见。改革的基本目标是：坚持公共医疗卫生的公益性质，建立基本医疗卫生制度，为群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的基本医疗卫生服务。我们要坚定地推进这项改革，让人人享有基本医疗卫生服务.Last year the State Council commissioned a study of the issue of how to deepen reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.A preliminary plan has been produced and will soon be publicized to solicit opinions from the general public.The basic goal of the reform is to maintain the public service nature of public medical and health care services and set up a basic medical and health care system to provide people with basic medical and health care services that are safe, effective, convenient and affordable.We must resolutely carry out this reform to provide everyone with access to basic medical and health services and improve their health.加强人口和计划生育工作。稳定现行生育政策和低生育水平，提高出生人口素质，综合治理出生人口性别比偏高问题。全面实施计划生育家庭特别扶助制度，扩大实施农村计划生育家庭奖励制度和少生快富工程范围，提高奖励扶助标准。加强流动人口计划生育服务管理.We will improve work related to population and family planning.We will adhere to the current policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low, improve the health of newborns and adopt a full range of measures to address the gender imbalance in babies.We will fully implement the special assistance system for families that comply with family planning regulations, extend the coverage of the reward system for rural families that comply with the regulations, implement the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in more areas, and raise the level of rewards and assistance.We will improve services for the floating population and tighten supervision of them to ensure that they comply with the family planning policy.重视发展老龄事业，切实保障妇女和未成年人权益，关心和支持残疾人事业.We will attach great importance to programs for the elderly, effectively protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and show concern for people with physical and mental disabilities and support programs benefiting them.努力扩大就业。认真贯彻执行就业促进法和劳动合同法。坚持实施积极的就业政策，落实以创业带动就业的方针，加强就业和创业培训，鼓励自谋职业和自主创业，支持创办小型企业。加快建设城乡统一规范的人力资源市场，完善公共就业服务体系，促进形成城乡劳动者平等就业制度。
We will strive to expand employment.We will strictly enforce the Employment Promotion Law and the Labor Contract Law.We will continue to follow a vigorous employment policy, adhere to the principle of expanding employment by 43 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
encouraging business startups, strengthen job training and training in how to start a business, encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses, and support the establishment of small enterprises.We will speed up development of a human resources market with uniform standards for both urban and rural areas, improve the public employment service system, and promote the creation of an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally.加强高校毕业生就业指导和服务。深化退役军人安置制度改革。完善就业援助制度，落实促进残疾人就业政策，建立帮助零就业家庭解决就业困难的长效机制。督促各类企业同劳动者依法签订并履行劳动合同。加强劳动争议处理和劳动保障监察，严厉打击各种非法用工行为。在世界上人口最多的国家解决就业问题，是一项极为艰巨的任务。我们要用百倍的努力，把这项关系民生之本的大事做好.We will strengthen job placement guidance and services for college graduates.We will deepen reform of the job-placement system for people leaving military service.We will improve the aid system for job seekers, carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities, and create a permanent mechanism to help zero-employment families find jobs.We will urge all types of enterprises to sign labor contracts with their employees in accordance with the law and abide by them.We will improve the handling of labor disputes and oversight for worker protection measures and severely punish illegal employment practices.Providing adequate employment opportunities in China, which has the largest population in the world, is a daunting challenge.We must redouble our efforts to increase employment, a matter that is crucial to people's well being.增加城乡居民收入。关键要调整国民收入分配格局，深化收入分配制度改革，逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。
We will increase urban and rural incomes.The key is to adjust the distribution of the national income, deepen reform of the income distribution system, gradually raise the proportion of the national income received by individuals and raise labor's of the primary distribution of income.一是多渠道增加农民收入，确保农民工工资按时足额发放，适当提高扶贫的标准。First, we will increase rural incomes through a variety of channels, ensure that rural migrant workers in cities get paid in full and on time, and appropriately increase allowances for the poor population.二是提高企业职工工资的水平，建立企业职工工资正常增长和支付保障机制。推动企业建立工资集体协商制度，完善工资指导线制度，健全并落实最低工资制度。改革国有企业工资总额管理办法，加强对垄断行业企业工资监管。
Second, we will raise the wage scale for enterprise employees and create a mechanism to ensure they get regular wage increases and ensure that they are paid regularly.We will urge enterprises to establish a system for collective bargaining for wages, improve the system of wage guidelines, and improve and comply with the minimum wage system.We will reform the method of supervising SOE payroll and strengthen oversight of wages paid by enterprises in monopoly industries.三是从今年1月1日起，再连续三年进一步提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平。
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Third, we will raise the level of basic old-age benefits for retirees from enterprises every year for three years beginning Jan.1 this year.四是深化公务员工资制度改革，继续做好规范公务员津贴补贴工作。加快推进事业单位收入分配制度改革。
Fourth, we will deepen reform of the salary system for civil servants and continue efforts to standardize their subsidies and allowances.We will accelerate reform of the income distribution system in government-affiliated institutions.五是落实职工带薪年休假制度。同时要进一步完善消费政策，拓宽服务消费领域，稳定居民消费预期，扩大即期消费。只有把经济发展的成果合理分配到群众手中，才能得到广大群众的拥护，才能促进社会的和谐稳定.Fifth, we will institute a system of annual paid vacations for employees.In addition, we will further improve consumption policies, broaden the range of services available in the market, stabilize consumer expectations and increase immediate consumption.Only by appropriately spreading the fruits of economic development among the people can we win their support and maintain social harmony and stability.完善社会保障体系。坚持实行广覆盖、保基本、多层次、可持续的方针。
We will improve the social safety net.We will follow a policy of expanding the number of people covered, guaranteeing people's basic needs and pursuing multi-level and sustainable development of the system.一要做好社会保险面和基金征缴工作。重点扩大农民工、非公有制经济组织从业人员、城镇灵活就业人员参加社会保险。努力解决关闭破产企业退休人员和困难企业职工参加基本医疗保险问题
First, we will expand the number of people covered by the social security system and improve collection of contributions to insurance funds.The focus of efforts will be on extending coverage to more rural migrant workers in cities, employees in the nonpublic sector of the economy and urban residents without fixed employment.Efforts will be made to provide basic medical insurance for retirees from closed or bankrupt enterprises and employees of enterprises with financial difficulties.二要推进社会保险制度改革。完善社会统筹与个人帐户相结合的企业职工基本养老保险制度，扩大做实养老保险个人帐户试点，加快省级统筹步伐，制定全国统一的社会保险关系专续办法。规范发展企业年金制度。探索事业单位基本养老保险制度改革。抓紧制定适合农民工特点的养老保险办法。鼓励各地开展农村养老保险试点。加快完善失业、工伤、生育保险制度。
Second, we will push ahead with the reform of the social security system.We will improve the system of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, combining contributions from various sources in society with personal employee retirement accounts, and expand the trial of fully funding personal accounts for old-age insurance.In addition, we will accelerate the implementation of overall planning for old-age pensions at the provincial level and work out nationwide rules for transferring social security accounts from one region to another.We will standardize and expand enterprise retirement systems that pay annuities.We will explore ways to reform basic old-age insurance in government-affiliated 45 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
institutions.We will soon work out an old-age insurance system suitable for rural migrant workers in cities, and encourage local governments to carry out experiments with a rural old-age insurance system.We will accelerate improvement in unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance.三要采取多种方式充实社会保障基金，强化资金监管，确保基金安全，实现保值增值。Third, we will finance social security funds in various ways, strengthen their oversight, ensure their security and maintain and increase their value.四要健全社会救助体系。重点完善城乡居民最低生活保障制度，建立与经济增长和物价水平相适应的救助标准调整机制。健全临时救助制度。同时，积极发展社会福利事业。鼓励和支持慈善事业发展。做好优抚安置工作。加强防灾减灾救灾工作。为加快社会保障体系建设，今年中央财政将安排2762亿元，比上年增加458亿元。建立和完善覆盖城乡的社会保障体系，让人民生活无后顾之忧，直接关系经济社会发展，是全面建设小康社会的一项重大任务.Fourth, we will improve the social assistance system.We will focus on improving the systems of basic cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents and setting up a mechanism for adjusting the level of assistance in line with economic growth and price changes.We will improve the temporary assistance system, vigorously develop social welfare programs and encourage and support the development of charity programs.We will do a good job providing assistance to entitled groups and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will improve the work of disaster prevention, reduction and relief.A total of 276.2 billion yuan will be appropriated this year in the central government budget to accelerate development of the social security system, 45.8 billion yuan more than last year.Establishing a sound social safety net for both urban and rural residents to ward off uncertainties for them has a direct impact on economic and social development and is a major task in the effort to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.抓紧建立住房保障体系。总的指导原则是：
We will promptly establish a system for ensuring housing for people.The general guiding principles for this work are as follows.（1）坚持从我国人多地少的基本国情出发，建立科学、合理的住房建设和消费模式。大力发展省地节能环保型住宅，增加中小套型住房供给，引导居民适度消费。
1)Taking into consideration the fact that China has a large population and relatively little land available for building housing, we need to foster a scientific and rational model for housing development and home ownership.We will vigorously work to build environmentally friendly buildings that conserve energy and land, increase the supply of small and medium-sized condominiums, and guide people to obtain housing they can afford.（2）坚持正确发挥政府和市场的作用，政府主要制定住房规划和政策，搞好土地合理供应、集约利用和管理，重点发展面向中低收入家庭的住房。高收入家庭的住房需求主要通过市场调节解决。
2)We must ensure that the government and the market both play their due roles.The government's role is mainly to formulate plans and policies for housing 46 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
and ensure that there is an appropriate supply of land, ensure that land is used intensively and oversee land use.Priority will be given to development of housing for low-and middle-income families.Demand for housing among high-income families will be met largely through the market.（3）坚持加强对房地产市场的调控和监管，规范和维护市场秩序，促进房地产业持续稳定健康发展。
3)We need to strengthen regulation and oversight of the real estate market, standardize and maintain order in the market and promote sustained, steady and healthy development of the real estate industry.今年要采取四项措施： The following four measures will be adopted this year: 一要健全廉租住房制度，加快廉租住房建设，增加房源供给，加强经济适用住房建设和管理，积极解决城市低收入群众住房困难。
First, we will improve the system of low-rent housing, accelerate construction of low-rent housing, expand the supply of housing, and step up construction and tighten management of affordable housing to ease the housing difficulties of low-income urban residents.今年中央用于廉租住房制度建设的资金68亿元，比去年增加17亿元；地方各级政府都要增加这方面的投入。同时，要积极改善农民工居住条件。
A total of 6.8 billion yuan will be allocated from the central government budget for the low-rent housing program this year, 1.7 billion yuan more than last year, and local governments will also increase funding in this area.In addition, we will work energetically to improve the living conditions of rural migrant workers in cities.二要增加中低价位、中小套型普通商品住房供应，建立多渠道投融资机制，通过多种途径帮助中等收入家庭解决住房问题。合理调整城市土地供给结构，增加中小套型住房用地。
Second, we will increase the supply of low-and medium-price, small and medium-sized condominiums, establish a mechanism for making investments and raising funds in various ways, and help middle-income families meet their housing needs through a variety of channels.We will improve the supply structure of urban land to provide more land for building small and medium-sized condominiums.三要综合运用税收、信贷、土地等手段，完善住房公积金制度，增加住房有效供给，抑制不合理需求，防止房价过快上涨。
Third, we will use a combination of tax, credit and land supply measures and improve the housing accumulation fund system to increase supply of reasonably priced housing, curb demand for high-end housing and prevent overheating in housing prices.四要加强市场监管，严格房地产企业市场准入和退出条件。依法查处闲置囤积土地、房源和炒地炒房行为。同时，要加强农村住房建设规划和管理，切实解决农村困难群众住房安全问题。我们要坚定不移地推进住房改革和建设，让人民群众安居乐业.Fourth, we will strengthen market oversight and strictly enforce the requirements for market access and the conditions for going out of business for real estate firms.We will investigate attempts to control the land and housing 47 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
market through hoarding and speculation in land and housing and deal with violations in accordance with the law.In addition, we will improve planning and management of rural housing development and the safety of housing for the rural poor.We must unswervingly promote reform of the housing system and construction of housing for the benefit of the people.（七）深化文化体制改革，推动文化大发展大繁荣.7.Deepening the reform of the cultural management system and promoting the vigorous development and enrichment of culture.进一步落实和完善文化体制改革政策措施，推动文化创新，加强文化建设，保障人民基本文化权益，繁荣文化市场，满足人民日益增长的、多样的文化需求。坚持用马克思主义中国化最新成果教育人民，在全社会树立中国特色社会主义共同理想，大力弘扬以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神，深入进行社会主义荣辱观教育。推进和谐文化建设，实施公民道德建设工程，培育文明社会风尚。特别要加强青少年思想道德建设。深入开展文明创建活动。坚持为人民服务、为社会服务的方向，全面贯彻百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针。发展哲学社会科学。繁荣新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术。鼓励创作优秀精神文化产品.We will further implement and improve the policies and measures to reform the cultural management system, promote cultural innovation, strengthen cultural improvement work, safeguard the basic cultural rights and interests of the people, and promote a flourishing cultural market to meet the people's ever-increasing and varied cultural needs.We will continue to educate the people in the latest advances in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, foster a common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics among the people, strongly promote a national spirit centered on patriotism and a spirit of the times centered on reform and innovation, and extensively promote education in the socialist concept of honor and disgrace.We will develop a culture of harmony, carry out the program for improving civic morality and foster civilized social conduct.Particular attention will be paid to cultivating ideals and ethics among young people.Extensive campaigns will be launched to encourage civilized behavior.We will maintain the orientation of serving the people and socialism and fully adhere to the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.We will develop philosophy and the social sciences.We will promote the vigorous development of the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and the arts.We will encourage the production of excellent cultural works.加大政府投入力度，加快构建覆盖全社会的公共文化服务体系，加强公益性文化事业建设，特别是加强社区和乡村文化设施建设。加快乡镇综合文化站建设。推进全国文化信息共享、广播电视村村通、农家书屋和农村电影放映工程。具有公益性质的博物馆、纪念馆和全国爱国主义教育示范基地，今明两年内全部向社会免费开放。完善文化产业政策，加快文化产业基地和区域性特色文化产业群的建设。加强网络文化建设和管理。规范文化市场，坚持开展“扫黄打非”。加强民族文化遗产保护。扩大对外文化交流。加强城乡公共体育设施建设，广泛开展全民健身活动，不断提高竞技体育水平.We will increase government funding to accelerate development of a system of public cultural services for the whole society and to promote development of basic public benefit cultural programs, particularly the building of more cultural 48 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
facilities in urban communities and villages.We will accelerate development of multipurpose community centers in towns and townships.We will work on the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources, extend radio and television coverage to all villages, and set up reading rooms and show movies in rural areas.All public museums, memorial halls and exhibition centers of a nonprofit nature will stop charging admission fees this year or next year.We will improve the policy for developing the culture sector and speed up development of bases for the culture industry and clusters of cultural industries with regional features.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture.We will ensure order in the cultural market and continue to combat pornography and illegal publications.We will strengthen protection of our national cultural heritage.We will expand cultural exchanges with other countries.We will step up development of public sports facilities in both urban and rural areas, launch extensive public fitness programs and raise the level of competitive sports.2008年奥运会和残奥会即将在北京举办。这是全体中华儿女的共同期盼，对于促进我国经济社会发展、增进中国人民同世界各国人民的友谊与合作，具有重要意义。要扎实做好各项筹备和组织工作，加强国际合作，创造良好环境，确保成功举办一届有特色、高水平的体育盛会.The 2008 Olympics and Paralympics will be held in Beijing.All sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are looking forward to them, and they will be of great importance in promoting China's economic and social development and increasing friendship and cooperation between Chinese people and the peoples of other countries.We will prepare for and organize the Games well, strengthen cooperation with the international community, and create an excellent environment to ensure that the Games are a unique, well-run sporting event.（八）加强社会主义民主法制建设，促进社会公平正义.8.Stepping up development of socialist democracy and the socialist legal system and promoting social fairness and justice.深化政治体制改革，发展社会主义政治文明。扩大人民民主，健全民主制度，丰富民主形式，拓宽民主渠道，依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督，保障人民的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权。发展基层民主，完善基层群众自治制度，扩大基层群众自治范围，推动城乡社区建设，深入推进政务公开、村务公开、厂务公开。发挥社会组织在扩大群众参与、反映群众诉求方面的积极作用，增强社会自治功能.We will deepen reform of political institutions and advance socialist political standards.We will expand people's democracy, improve democratic institutions, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we will carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to ensure the people's rights to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs.We will develop democracy at the community level, improve the system of governance by the people at the community level, expand the scope of their autonomy, strengthen urban and rural communities, and make the running of governments, villages and factories more transparent.We will bring into play the positive role of civic organizations in 49 / 57 2008年中华人民共和国政府工作报告(中英文)
expanding public participation in government affairs and voicing the concerns of the people to improve the ability of society to govern itself.全面落实依法治国基本方略。加强政府立法，提高立法质量。今年要重点加强改善民生、推进社会建设、节约能源资源、保护生态环境等方面的立法。政府立法工作要广泛听取意见。制定与群众利益密切相关的行政法规、规章，原则上都要公布草案，向社会公开征求意见。合理界定和调整行政法规执法权限，强化行政执法监督，全面落实行政执法责任制。健全市县政府依法行政制度。
We will fully adhere to the rule of law as a fundamental principle.We will step up the drafting of proposed legislation by the government and improve the quality of such legislation.The drafting of such legislation this year will focus on improving people's lives, promoting social development, conserving energy and resources, and protecting the ecosystem.In the course of doing so, we need to seek views from many sources.In principle, we will release drafts to the public to solicit their opinions when formulating all administrative rules and regulations that bear on the interests of the people.We will appropriately delineate and adjust the powers and duties of administrative law enforcement agencies, and strengthen oversight and fully implement the responsibility system for administrative law enforcement.We will improve the system of government administration in accordance with the law at the municipal and county levels.加强对行政收费的规范管理，改革和完善司法、执法的财政保障机制。加强法规、规章和规范性文件的备案审查工作。健全行政复议体制，完善行政补偿和行政赔偿制度。做好法律服务和法律援助工作。深入开展法制宣传教育，在全社会形成自觉守法用法的良好氛围.We will ensure that administrative charges are collected in a standardized way and reform and improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for the judicial system and for law enforcement.We will improve the filing and inspection procedures for laws, rules, regulations and regulatory documents.Systems of administrative review and administrative compensation and reparation will be improved.We will ensure that people have adequate access to legal services and assistance.We will increase publicity and education concerning the law in order to create a good social environment in which the people conscientiously study, abide by and apply the law.完善社会管理。加强社会组织建设，健全基层社会管理体制。做好解放工作，完善信访制度。健全社会矛盾调解机制，妥善处理人民内部矛盾，维护群众合法权益。完善社会治安防控体系，加强社会治安综合治理，开如伸展平安创建活动。改革和加强城乡社区警务构成，加强流动人口服务和管理。集中整治突出的治安问题和治安混乱地区，依法防范和打击违法犯罪活动，保障人民生命财产安全，确保社会大局稳定。加强国家安全工作。
We will improve public administration.We will increase efforts to improve civic organizations and improve the system of public administration at the community level.We will do a good job handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public and improve the system for handling complaints.We will improve the mechanism for mediating social tensions and properly handle problems among the people to protect their legitimate rights and interests.We will improve the public security system for the prevention and control of crime, 50 / 57
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