第一篇：2007年政府工作报告下载(中英文)
Delivered at the Fifth Session of the Tenth National People's Congress on March 5, 2007 在3月5日十届全国人大五次会议上
Wen Jiabao
Premier of the State Council 国务院总理
温家宝
Fellow Deputies, 各位代表：
On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also welcome comments and suggestions on the report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).现在，我代表国务院，向大会作政府工作报告，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
I.Review of the Work in 2006
一、2006年工作回顾
China began implementation of and made a good start on its Eleventh Five-Year Plan in 2006, making major achievements in economic and social development.2006年，是我国实施“十一五”规划并实现良好开局的一年，国民经济和社会发展取得重大成就。
-The economy experienced steady and fast growth.China's GDP was 20.94 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.7% over the previous year.The consumer price index rose by 1.5%.For four years in a row, economic growth has reached or slightly exceeded 10% without significant inflation.———经济平稳快速增长。国内生产总值20.94万亿元，比上年增长10.7%；居民消费价格总水平上涨1.5%。经济增长连续四年达到或略高于10%，没有出现明显通货膨胀。
-Economic performance improved steadily.National revenue reached 3.93 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 769.4 billion yuan.Profits of large industrial enterprises rose 31%, an increase of 444.2 billion yuan.———经济效益稳步提高。全国财政收入3.93万亿元，比上年增加7694亿元；规模以上工业企业实现利润增长31%，增加4442亿元。
-Implementation of the reform and opening up policy was deepened.Further progress was made in reforms in key areas and crucial links.China's import and export volume totaled US$ 1.76 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 23.8%.Paid-in foreign directinvestmentreached $69.5 billion.———改革开放进一步深化。重点领域和关键环节改革取得新进展。进出口贸易总额1.76万亿美元，比上年增长23.8%；实际利用外商直接投资695亿美元。
-Development of social programs was accelerated.Major achievements were made in scientific and technological innovation, there was continued development of education, the publichealthsystem was improved and progress continued in cultural andsportsprograms.———社会事业加快发展。科技创新取得重大成果，教育事业继续发展，公共卫生体系建设得到加强，文化、体育事业进一步繁荣。
-People's living standards improved substantially.A total of 11.84 million urban residents entered the workforce.Urban per capita disposable income rose to 11,759 yuan, an increase of 10.4% in real terms after adjusting for inflation, and rural per capita net income grew to 3,587 yuan, an increase of 7.4% in real terms after adjusting for inflation.———人民生活有较大改善。城镇新增就业1184万人。城镇居民人均可支配收入11759元，农村居民人均纯收入3587元，扣除价格因素，分别比上年实际增长10.4%和7.4%。
These achievements mark a further increase in China's overall strength and represent another solid step toward thegoalof building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.这些成就，标志着我国综合国力进一步增强，我们朝着全面建设小康社会目标又迈出坚实的一步。
The main work accomplished in 2006 includes the following.一年来的主要工作是：
第二篇：2012 政府工作报告 中英文
第三篇：17大政府工作报告(中英文)
十七大报告全文英汉对照
[ 2007-10-31 09:50 ] 中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会于2007年10月15日上午在人民大会堂开幕。胡锦涛总书记在会上提出，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗。
以下为胡锦涛总书记报告全文的中英文对照，均为新华社发表的官方版本，供读者学习参考。
一、过去五年的工作
二、改革开放的伟大历史进程
三、深入贯彻落实科学发展观
四、实现全面建设小康社会奋斗目标的新要求
五、促进国民经济又好又快发展
六、坚定不移发展社会主义民主政治
七、推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣
八、加快推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设
九、开创国防和军队现代化建设新局面
十、推进“一国两制”实践和祖国和平统一大业
十一、始终不渝走和平发展道路
十二、以改革创新精神全面推进党的建设新的伟大工程
十七大报告全文英汉对照
Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive for New Victories in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in all Respects
Report to the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on Oct.15, 2007 Hu Jintao
Comrades, Now I would like to make a report to the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)on behalf of the Sixteenth Central Committee.The Seventeenth Congress is one of vital importance being held at a crucial stage of China's reform and development.The theme of the congress is to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, continue to emancipate the mind, persist in reform and opening up, pursue development in a scientific way, promote social harmony, and strive for new victories in building a moderately prosperous
高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜 为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗 ━━胡锦涛主席在中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会上的报告（2007年10月15日）同志们:
现在，我代表第十六届中央委员会向大会作报告。
中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会，是在我国改革发展关键阶段召开的一次十分重要的大会。大会的主题是：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，继续解放思想，坚持改革开放，推动科学发展，促进社会和谐，为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗。
中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，是当代中国发展进步的旗帜，是全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的旗帜。解放思想是发展中国特色社会主义的一大法宝，改革开放是发展中国特色社会主义的强大动力，科学发展、社会和谐是发展中国特色社会主义的基本要求，全面建设小康社会
十七大报告全文英汉对照 society in all respects.The great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the banner guiding development and progress in contemporary China and rallying the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country in our common endeavor.Emancipating the mind is a magic instrument for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, reform and opening up provide a strong driving force for developing it, and scientific development and social harmony are basic requirements for developing it.Building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is a goal for the Party and the state to reach by 2020, and represents the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups.The world today is undergoing extensive and profound changes, and contemporary China is going through a wide-ranging and deep-going transformation.This brings us unprecedented opportunities as well as unprecedented challenges, with the formeroutweighing the latter.The whole Party must unswervingly hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and lead the people in starting from this new historical point, grasping and making the most of the important period of strategic opportunities, staying realistic and pragmatic,forging ahead with determination, continuing to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and accelerate socialist modernization, and accomplishing the lofty mission bestowed by the times.I.The Work of the Past Five Years The five years since the Sixteenth Congress was an extraordinary period.In order to accomplish the arduous tasks of reform and development in a complicated and volatile international situation, the Party led the people of all ethnic groups in holding high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, overcoming difficulties and risks, creating a new situation in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and attaining a new realm in adapting Marxism to conditions in China.是党和国家到二０二０年的奋斗目标，是全国各族人民的根本利益所在。当今世界正在发生广泛而深刻的变化，当代中国正在发生广泛而深刻的变革。机遇前所未有，挑战也前所未有，机遇大于挑战。全党必须坚定不移地高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，带领人民从新的历史起点出发，抓住和用好重要战略机遇期，求真务实，锐意进取，继续全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化，完成时代赋予的崇高使命。
一、过去五年的工作
十六大以来的五年是不平凡的五年。面对复杂多变的国际环境和艰巨繁重的改革发展任务，党带领全国各族人民，高举邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想伟大旗帜，战胜各种困难和风险，开创了中国特色社会主义事业新局面，开拓了马克思主义中国化新境界。
十六大确立“三个代表”重要思想的指导地位，作出全面建设小康社会的战略决策。为贯彻十六大精神，中央召开七次全会，分别就深化机构改革、完善社会主义市场经济体制、加强党的执政能力建设、制定“十一五”规划、构建社会主义和谐社会等关系全局的重大问题作出决定和部署，提出并贯彻科学发展观等重大战略思想，推动党和国家工作取得新的重大成就。
经济实力大幅提升。经济保持平稳快速发展，国内生产总值年均增长百分之十以上，经济效益明显提高，财政收入连年显著增加，物价基本稳定。社会主义新农村建设扎实推进，区域发展协调性增强。创新型国家建设进展良好，自主创新能力较大提高。能源、交通、通信等基础设施和重点工程建设成效显著。载人航天飞行成功实现。能源资源节约和生态环境保护取得新进展。“十五”计划胜利完成，“十一五”规划进展顺利。
改革开放取得重大突破。农村综合改革逐步深化，农业税、牧业税、特产税全部取消，支农惠农政策不断加强。国有
十七大报告全文英汉对照 At its Sixteenth Congress the Party established the important thought of Three Represents as its guide and made the strategic decision to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.In order to implement the guiding principles of the congress, the Central Committee convened seven plenary sessions, at which it made decisions on and arrangements for major issues of overall significance such as deepening institutional restructuring, improving the socialist market economy, strengthening the governance capability of the Party, drawing up the Eleventh Five-Year Plan(2006-10), and building a harmonious socialist society;and it formulated and applied the Scientific Outlook on Development and other major strategic thoughts.All this helped the Party and the state score great new achievements.Economic strength increased substantially.The economy sustained steady and rapid growth.The GDP expanded by an annual average of over 10%.Economic performance improved significantly, national revenue rose markedly year by year, and prices were basically stable.Efforts to build a new socialist countryside yielded solid results, and development among regions became more balanced.The endeavor to make China an innovative nation registered good progress, with considerable improvement in the country's capacity for independent innovation.Notable achievements were scored in the construction of infrastructure including energy, transport and telecommunications facilities and other key projects.Manned spaceflights were successfully conducted.Fresh progress was registered in energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation.The Tenth Five-Year Plan(2001-05)was fulfilled successfully and implementation of the eleventh is in smooth progress.Major breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up.Comprehensive reforms in rural areas gradually deepened;agricultural tax, livestock tax and taxes on special agricultural products were rescinded throughout the country;and policies were constantly strengthened to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Significant headway was made in reform of the state assets management system, state-owned enterprises, banking, public finance，资产管理体制、国有企业和金融、财税、投资、价格、科技等领域改革取得重大进展。非公有制经济进一步发展。市场体系不断健全，宏观调控继续改善，政府职能加快转变。进出口总额大幅增加，实施“走出去”战略迈出坚实步伐，开放型经济进入新阶段。
人民生活显著改善。城乡居民收入较大增加，家庭财产普遍增多。城乡居民最低生活保障制度初步建立，贫困人口基本生活得到保障。居民消费结构优化，衣食住行用水平不断提高，享有的公共服务明显增强。
民主法制建设取得新进步。政治体制改革稳步推进。人民代表大会制度、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度不断完善，基层民主活力增强。人权事业健康发展。爱国统一战线发展壮大。中国特色社会主义法律体系基本形成，依法治国基本方略切实贯彻。行政管理体制、司法体制改革不断深化。
文化建设开创新局面。社会主义核心价值体系建设扎实推进，马克思主义理论研究和建设工程成效明显。思想道德建设广泛开展，全社会文明程度进一步提高。文化体制改革取得重要进展，文化事业和文化产业快速发展，人民精神文化生活更加丰富。全民健身和竞技体育取得新成绩。
社会建设全面展开。各级各类教育迅速发展，农村免费义务教育全面实现。就业规模日益扩大。社会保障体系建设进一步加强。抗击非典取得重大胜利，公共卫生体系和基本医疗服务不断健全，人民健康水平不断提高。社会管理逐步完善，社会大局稳定，人民安居乐业。国防和军队建设取得历史性成就。中国特色军事变革加速推进，裁减军队员额二十万任务顺利完成，军队革命化、现代化、正规化建设全面加强，履行新世纪新阶段历史使命能力显著提高。
十七大报告全文英汉对照 taxation, investment, pricing, and the system for managing science and technology.The non-public sector of the economy grew stronger.A sound market system was being put in place, macroeconomic regulation continued to improve, and transformation of government functions was accelerated.The total volume of imports and exports increased sharply.Solid steps were taken in implementing the “go global” strategy, and the open economy entered a new stage of development.Living standards improved significantly.Both urban and rural incomes increased considerably, and most families had more property than before.The system of subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents was basically in place, guaranteeing basic living conditions for the poor.Residents improved their consumption patterns, had increasingly better food, clothing, housing, transport and other daily necessities, and enjoyed markedly improved public services.Fresh progress was registered in improving democracy and the legal system.Political restructuring progressed steadily.Constant improvement was made in the system of people's congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC and the system of regional ethnic autonomy.Primary-level democracy increased its vitality.The cause of human rights witnessed sound development.The patriotic united front grew stronger.A socialist law system with Chinese characteristics was basically in place.The rule of law was effectively implemented as a fundamental principle.Reform of the government administration system and the judicial system continued to deepen.A new situation was created in cultural development.Efforts to establish the system of socialist core values made steady headway and marked achievements were scored in the Project to Study and Develop Marxist Theory.Extensive efforts were made to raise ideological and ethical standards and the whole of society became more culturally advanced.Cultural restructuring made important progress, cultural programs and the cultural industry developed rapidly，港澳工作和对台工作进一步加强。香港、澳门保持繁荣稳定，与内地经贸关系更加紧密。两岸政党交流成功开启，人员往来和经济文化交流达到新水平。制定反分裂国家法，坚决维护国家主权和领土完整。
全方位外交取得重大进展。坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，各项外交工作积极开展，同各国的交流合作广泛加强，在国际事务中发挥重要建设性作用，为全面建设小康社会争取了良好国际环境。党的建设新的伟大工程扎实推进。党的执政能力建设和先进性建设深入进行。理论创新和理论武装卓有成效。保持共产党员先进性教育活动取得重大成果。党内民主不断扩大。领导班子和干部队伍建设特别是干部教育培训取得重要进展，人才工作进一步加强，干部人事制度改革和组织制度创新不断深入。党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争成效明显。
在看到成绩的同时，也要清醒认识到，我们的工作与人民的期待还有不小差距，前进中还面临不少困难和问题，突出的是：经济增长的资源环境代价过大；城乡、区域、经济社会发展仍然不平衡；农业稳定发展和农民持续增收难度加大；劳动就业、社会保障、收入分配、教育卫生、居民住房、安全生产、司法和社会治安等方面关系群众切身利益的问题仍然较多，部分低收入群众生活比较困难；思想道德建设有待加强；党的执政能力同新形势新任务不完全适应，对改革发展稳定一些重大实际问题的调查研究不够深入；一些基层党组织软弱涣散；少数党员干部作风不正，形式主义、官僚主义问题比较突出，奢侈浪费、消极腐败现象仍然比较严重。我们要高度重视这些问题，继续认真加以解决。
总起来说，这五年，是改革开放和全面建设小康社会取得重大进展的五年，是
十七大报告全文英汉对照 and the people enjoyed a richer cultural life.Fresh progress was made inpublic fitness programs and competitive sports.Social development proceeded in an all-round way.Education of various kinds and at different levels developed rapidly.Free compulsory education was made available in all rural areas.More job opportunities were created.The social security system was strengthened.The battle against SARS came to a great victory.The public health system and basic medical care constantly improved, contributing to better health of the people.Social management improved step by step.Social stability was ensured and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment.Historic achievements were scored in the development of national defense and the armed forces.The revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics was accelerated.The armed forces were reduced by 200,000 troops.Efforts were intensified in all respects to make the armed forces more revolutionary, modernized and standardized, which notably increased their capacity to accomplish their historical missions at this new stage in the new century.Work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan affairs was intensified.Hong Kong and Macao maintained their prosperity and stability and developed closer economic partnership with the mainland.Political parties on both sides of the Taiwan Straits started communication, and cross-Straits visits as well as economic and cultural exchanges reached a new high.The Anti-Secession Law was enacted to resolutely safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.Major progress was made in all-directional diplomacy.Pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace, China energetically carried out diplomatic activities, enhanced exchanges and cooperation with other countries in various fields and played a major constructive role in international affairs.This created a favorable international environment for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.The great new undertaking to build the Party made solid progress.Endeavors to strengthen the Party's
我国综合国力大幅提升和人民得到更多实惠的五年，是我国国际地位和影响显著提高的五年，是党的创造力、凝聚力、战斗力明显增强和全党全国各族人民团结更加紧密的五年。实践充分证明，十六大和十六大以来中央作出的各项重大决策是完全正确的。
五年来的成就，是全党全国各族人民共同奋斗的结果。我代表中共中央，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界爱国人士，向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞和台湾同胞以及广大侨胞，向一切关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国朋友，表示衷心的
十七大报告全文英汉对照 governance capability and vanguard nature were intensified.Efforts to make theoretical innovations and arm Party members with the achievements proved successful.The campaign to educate Party members to preserve their vanguard nature yielded substantial results.Intra-Party democracy continued to expand.Major headway was made in strengthening the Party's leading bodies and the ranks of its cadres, and especially in educating and training cadres.Work in relation to talented personnel was strengthened.Efforts were stepped up to reform the cadre and personnel system and make innovations in the organizational system.Remarkable results were achieved in improving the Party's style of work, upholding integrity and combating corruption.While recognizing our achievements, we must be well aware that they still fall short of the expectations of the people and that there are still quite a few difficulties and problems on our way forward.The outstanding ones include the following: Our economic growth is realized at an excessively high cost of resources and the environment.There remains an imbalance in development between urban and rural areas, among regions, and between the economy and society.It has become more difficult to bring about a steady growth of agriculture and continued increase in farmers' incomes.There are still many problems affecting people's immediate interests in areas such as employment, social security, income distribution, education, public health, housing, work safety, administration of justice and public order;and some low-income people lead a rather difficult life.More efforts are needed to promote ideological and ethical progress.The governance capability of the Party falls somewhat short of the need to deal with the new situation and tasks.In-depth investigations and studies have yet to be conducted on some major practical issues related to reform, development and stability.Some primary Party organizations are weak and lax.A small number of Party cadres are not honest and upright, their formalism and bureaucratism are quite conspicuous, and extravagance, waste, corruption and other undesirable behavior are still serious problems with them.We must pay close
十七大报告全文英汉对照 attention to these problems and continue our efforts to solve them.To sum up, the past five years was a period in which substantial progress was made in reform, opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this period, China's overall strength grew considerably and the people enjoyed more tangible benefits.China's international standing and influence rose notably.The creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness of the Party increased significantly, and the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups became more united.Facts have proved that the major policy decisions made by the Central Committee at and since the Sixteenth Congress are perfectly correct.Our achievements over the past five years are attributed to the concerted efforts of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups.On behalf of the Central Committee, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the people of all ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations and patriots from all walks of life, to our compatriots in the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao and in Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese nationals, and to our foreign friends who care about and support China's modernization drive！
II.The Great Historical Course of Reform and Opening Up We will soon be celebrating the 30th anniversary of the start of reform and opening up.In 1978, the Party held the historic Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, which ushered in the new historical period of reform and opening up.Since then, the Chinese Communists and the Chinese people have, in an indomitable enterprising spirit and with their spectacular practice of innovation, composed a new epic recounting the Chinese nation's ceaseless efforts to make progress and become stronger, and historic changes have taken place in the visages of the Chinese people, socialist China and the CPC.Reform and opening up represent a great new revolution carried on by the people under the Party's leadership in a new era to release and develop the
二、改革开放的伟大历史进程
我们即将迎来改革开放三十周年。一九七八年，我们党召开具有重大历史意义的十一届三中全会，开启了改革开放历史新时期。从那时以来，中国共产党人和中国人民以一往无前的进取精神和波澜壮阔的创新实践，谱写了中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进新的壮丽史诗，中国人民的面貌、社会主义中国的面貌、中国共产党的面貌发生了历史性变化。
改革开放是党在新的时代条件下带领人民进行的新的伟大革命，目的就是要解放和发展社会生产力，实现国家现代
十七大报告全文英汉对照 productive forces, modernize the country, bring prosperity to the Chinese people and achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation;to promote the self-improvement and development of China's socialist system, inject new vitality into socialism, and build and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics;and to improve the building of the Party as it leads contemporary China in development and progress, preserve and enhance its vanguard nature, and ensure that it is always in the forefront of the times.We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was conducted on a foundation laid by the Party's first generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Mao Zedong at its core, which founded Mao Zedong Thought, led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in establishing the People's Republic and scoring great achievements in our socialist revolution and construction, and gained invaluable experience in its painstaking exploration for laws governing socialist construction.The victory in the new-democratic revolution and the establishment of the basic system of socialism provided the fundamental political prerequisite and institutional basis for every inch of development and progress in contemporary China.We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was initiated by the Party's second generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Deng Xiaoping at its core leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the endeavor.In a precarious situation left by the “cultural revolution”(1966-76), the second generation of central collective leadership, persisting in emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts and displaying immense political and theoretical courage, made a scientific appraisal of Comrade Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought, thoroughly repudiated the erroneous theory and practice of “taking class struggle as the key link,” and made the historic policy decision to shift the focus of the work of the Party and the state onto economic development and introduce reform and opening up.It established the basic line for the primary stage of socialism, sounded the clarion call of the times for taking our own
化，让中国人民富裕起来，振兴伟大的中华民族；就是要推动我国社会主义制度自我完善和发展，赋予社会主义新的生机活力，建设和发展中国特色社会主义；就是要在引领当代中国发展进步中加强和改进党的建设，保持和发展党的先进性，确保党始终走在时代前列。
我们要永远铭记，改革开放伟大事业，是在以毛泽东同志为核心的党的第一代中央领导集体创立毛泽东思想，带领全党全国各族人民建立新中国、取得社会主义革命和建设伟大成就以及艰辛探索社会主义建设规律取得宝贵经验的基础上进行的。新民主主义革命的胜利，社会主义基本制度的建立，为当代中国一切发展进步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基础。
我们要永远铭记，改革开放伟大事业，是以邓小平同志为核心的党的第二代中央领导集体带领全党全国各族人民开创的。面对十年“文化大革命”造成的危难局面，党的第二代中央领导集体坚持解放思想、实事求是，以巨大的政治勇气和理论勇气，科学评价毛泽东同志和毛泽东思想，彻底否定“以阶级斗争为纲”的错误理论和实践，作出把党和国家工作中心转移到经济建设上来、实行改革开放的历史性决策，确立社会主义初级阶段基本路线，吹响走自己的路、建设中国特色社会主义的时代号角，创立邓小平理论，指引全党全国各族人民在改革开放的伟大征程上阔步前进。
我们要永远铭记，改革开放伟大事业，是以江泽民同志为核心的党的第三代中央领导集体带领全党全国各族人民继承、发展并成功推向二十一世纪的。从十三届四中全会到十六大，受命于重大历史关头的党的第三代中央领导集
十七大报告全文英汉对照 road and building socialism with Chinese characteristics, founded Deng Xiaoping Theory, and led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in striding forward on the great journey of reform and opening up.We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was carried on, developed and successfully carried into the 21st century by the Party's third generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Jiang Zemin at its core leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups on this mission.From the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee through the Sixteenth Congress, the third generation of central collective leadership, which took over the helm at a critical historical juncture, held high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, pressed ahead with reform and opening up and kept up with the times.Relying on the Party and the people, it stood the severe tests of political turbulences and economic risks at home and abroad, safeguarded socialism with Chinese characteristics, initiated the new, socialist market economy and ushered in a new phase of all-round opening up;and it advanced the great new undertaking to build the Party, founded the important thought of Three Represents, and steered the ship of reform and opening up forward on the right course.Since the Sixteenth Congress, we have followed the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, kept up with new developments and changes in and outside China, grasped the strategic opportunities in this important period, promoted the truth-seeking, pragmatic and pioneering spirit and persisted in innovation in both theory and practice.We have worked hard to promote scientific development and social harmony, improved the socialist market economy, and resolutely carried forward the great cause of reform and opening up in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Reform and opening up constitute the most salient feature of the new period.From the countryside to the cities and from the economic to other areas, the process of sweeping reform has unfolded with
体，高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，坚持改革开放、与时俱进，在国内外政治**、经济风险等严峻考验面前，依靠党和人民，捍卫中国特色社会主义，创建社会主义市场经济新体制，开创全面开放新局面，推进党的建设新的伟大工程，创立“三个代表”重要思想，继续引领改革开放的航船沿着正确方向破浪前进。
十六大以来，我们以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，顺应国内外形势发展变化，抓住重要战略机遇期，发扬求真务实、开拓进取精神，坚持理论创新和实践创新，着力推动科学发展、促进社会和谐，完善社会主义市场经济体制，在全面建设小康社会实践中坚定不移地把改革开放伟大事业继续推向前进。
新时期最鲜明的特点是改革开放。从农村到城市、从经济领域到其他各个领域，全面改革的进程势不可当地展开了；从沿海到沿江沿边，从东部到中西部，对外开放的大门毅然决然地打开了。这场历史上从未有过的大改革大开放，极大地调动了亿万人民的积极性，使我国成功实现了从高度集中的计划经济体制到充满活力的社会主义市场经济体制、从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的伟大历史转折。今天，一个面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的社会主义中国巍然屹立在世界东方。
新时期最显著的成就是快速发展。我们党实施现代化建设“三步走”战略，带领人民艰苦奋斗，推动我国以世界上少有的速度持续快速发展起来。我国经济从一度濒于崩溃的边缘发展到总量跃至世界第四、进出口总额位居世界第三，人民生活从温饱不足发展到总体小康，农村贫困人口从两亿五千多万减少到
十七大报告全文英汉对照 irresistible momentum.From the coastal areas to areas along the Yangtze River and the borders, and from the eastern to the central and western regions, the door has been resolutely opened to the outside world.This great undertaking of reform and opening up, never seen before in history, has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of Chinese people and brought about China's historic transformation from a highly centralized planned economy to a robust socialist market economy, and from a closed or semi-closed state to all-round opening up.Today socialist China is standing rock-firm in the East, oriented toward modernization, the world and the future.Rapid development represents the most remarkable achievement in the new period.The Party has been implementing the three-step strategy for modernization, leading the people in working hard to promote China's sustained rapid development at a rate rarely seen in the world.China's economy, once on the verge of collapse, has grown to rank as the fourth largest in the world, and its import and export volume, the third biggest.The Chinese people, once inadequately fed and clad, are leading a fairly comfortable life on the whole.The impoverished population in rural areas has dropped from more than 250 million to just over 20 million.The country's achievements in political, cultural and social development have captured world attention.China's development has not only enabled its people to move steadily toward prosperity and happiness, but also contributed substantially to the growth of the world economy and the progress of human civilization.Keeping up with the times is the most prominent hallmark of the new period.Adhering to the Marxist ideological line, the Party has been constantly seeking answers to major theoretical and practical questions such as what socialism is and how to build it, what kind of party we must build and how to build it, and what kind of development China should achieve and how to achieve it.The Party has been constantly adapting Marxism to conditions in China, and adhering to and enriching its own basic theory, line, program and experience.Socialism and Marxism have shown great
两千多万，政治建设、文化建设、社会建设取得举世瞩目的成就。中国的发展，不仅使中国人民稳定地走上了富裕安康的广阔道路，而且为世界经济发展和人类文明进步作出了重大贡献。
新时期最突出的标志是与时俱进。我们党坚持马克思主义的思想路线，不断探索和回答什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义，建设什么样的党、怎样建设党，实现什么样的发展、怎样发展等重大理论和实际问题，不断推进马克思主义中国化，坚持并丰富党的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领、基本经验。社会主义和马克思主义在中国大地上焕发出勃勃生机，给人民带来更多福祉，使中华民族大踏步赶上时代前进潮流、迎来伟大复兴的光明前景。
事实雄辩地证明，改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择，是发展中国特色社会主义、实现中华民族伟大复兴的必由之路；只有社会主义才能救中国，只有改革开放才能发展中国、发展社会主义、发展马克思主义。
改革开放作为一场新的伟大革命，不可能一帆风顺，也不可能一蹴而就。最根本的是，改革开放符合党心民心、顺应时代潮流，方向和道路是完全正确的，成效和功绩不容否定，停顿和倒退没有出路。
在改革开放的历史进程中，我们党把坚持马克思主义基本原理同推进马克思主义中国化结合起来，把坚持四项基本原则同坚持改革开放结合起来，把尊重人民首创精神同加强和改善党的领导结合起来，把坚持社会主义基本制度同发展市场经济结合起来，把推动经济基础变革同推动上层建筑改革结合起来，把发展社会生产力同提高全民族文明素质结合起来，把提高效率同促进社会公平结合起来，把坚持独立自主同参与经济全球化结合起来，把促进改革发展
十七大报告全文英汉对照 vitality on Chinese soil, brought more benefits to the people, and enabled the Chinese nation to catch up with the trend of the times in great strides and see the bright future of national rejuvenation.Facts have incontrovertibly proved that the decision to begin reform and opening up is vital to the destiny of contemporary China, that reform and opening up are the only way of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and rejuvenating the Chinese nation, that only socialism can save China and that only reform and opening up can develop China, socialism and Marxism.As a great new revolution, reform and opening up are not to be plain sailing or be accomplished overnight.Essentially they accord with the aspirations of the Party membership and the people and keep up with the trend of the times.The orientation and path of reform and opening up are entirely correct, and their merits and achievements can never be negated.To stop or reverse reform and opening up would only lead to a blind alley.In the historical course of reform and opening up, the Party has combined adhering to the basic tenets of Marxism with adapting it to Chinese conditions, upholding the Four Cardinal Principles with adhering to the reform and opening up policy, respecting the people's pioneering initiative with strengthening the Party's leadership, adhering to the basic system of socialism with developing the market economy, effecting changes in the economic base with promoting reform of the superstructure, developing the productive forces with improving the cultural and ethical quality of the whole nation, raising efficiency with promoting social equity, pursuing independent development with taking part in economic globalization, promoting reform and development with maintaining social stability, and advancing the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics with making progress in the great new undertaking to build the Party.In this course the Party has gained invaluable experience in eliminating poverty, accelerating modernization, and consolidating and developing socialism in a large developing country of over one billion people.同保持社会稳定结合起来，把推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业同推进党的建设新的伟大工程结合起来，取得了我们这样一个十几亿人口的发展中大国摆脱贫困、加快实现现代化、巩固和发展社会主义的宝贵经验。
改革开放以来我们取得一切成绩和进步的根本原因，归结起来就是：开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，形成了中国特色社会主义理论体系。高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，最根本的就是要坚持这条道路和这个理论体系。
中国特色社会主义道路，就是在中国共产党领导下，立足基本国情，以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放，解放和发展社会生产力，巩固和完善社会主义制度，建设社会主义市场经济、社会主义民主政治、社会主义先进文化、社会主义和谐社会，建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。中国特色社会主义道路之所以完全正确、之所以能够引领中国发展进步，关键在于我们既坚持了科学社会主义的基本原则，又根据我国实际和时代特征赋予其鲜明的中国特色。在当代中国，坚持中国特色社会主义道路，就是真正坚持社会主义。
中国特色社会主义理论体系，就是包括邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想以及科学发展观等重大战略思想在内的科学理论体系。这个理论体系，坚持和发展了马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想，凝结了几代中国共产党人带领人民不懈探索实践的智慧和心血，是马克思主义中国化最新成果，是党最可宝贵的政治和精神财富，是全国各族人民团结奋斗的共同思想基础。中国特色社会主义理论体系是不断发展的开放的理论体系。《共产党宣言》发表以来近一百六十年
十七大报告全文英汉对照 To sum up, the fundamental reason behind all our achievements and progress since the reform and opening up policy was introduced is that we have blazed a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and established a system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Essentially, to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics means to keep to this path and uphold this system.Taking the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics means we will, under the leadership of the CPC and in light of China's basic conditions, take economic development as the central task, adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles and persevere in reform and opening up, release and develop the productive forces, consolidate and improve the socialist system, develop the socialist market economy, socialist democracy, an advanced socialist culture and a harmonious socialist society, and make China a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious modern socialist country.The main reason this path is completely correct and can lead China to development and progress is that we have adhered to the basic tenets of scientific socialism and in the meantime added to them distinct Chinese characteristics in light of China's conditions and the features of the times.In contemporary China, to stay true to socialism means to keep to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics constitute a system of scientific theories including Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development and other major strategic thoughts.This system represents the Party's adherence to and development of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought and embodies the wisdom and hard work of several generations of Chinese Communists leading the people in carrying out tireless explorations and practices.It is the latest achievement in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, the Party's invaluable political and intellectual asset, and the common ideological foundation for the concerted endeavor of the people of all ethnic groups.It is an open system that keeps developing.Practices since the publication 的实践证明，马克思主义只有与本国国情相结合、与时代发展同进步、与人民群众共命运，才能焕发出强大的生命力、创造力、感召力。在当代中国，坚持中国特色社会主义理论体系，就是真正坚持马克思主义。
实践永无止境，创新永无止境。全党同志要倍加珍惜、长期坚持和不断发展党历经艰辛开创的中国特色社会主义道路和中国特色社会主义理论体系，坚持解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进，勇于变革、勇于创新，永不僵化、永不停滞，不为任何风险所惧，不被任何干扰所惑，使中国特色社会主义道路越走越宽广，让当代中国马克思主义放射出更加灿烂的真理光芒。
十七大报告全文英汉对照 of the Communist Manifesto nearly 160 years ago have proved that only when Marxism is integrated with the conditions of a specific country, advances in step with the times and is tied to the destiny of the people can it demonstrate its strong vitality, creativity and appeal.In contemporary China, to stay true to Marxism means to adhere to the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.There is no end to practice or innovation.All Party members must cherish the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, which the Party explored and created after going through all the hardships, keep to the path and uphold the system for a long time to come and constantly develop them.We must continue to emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep up with the times, make bold changes and innovations, stay away from rigidity or stagnation, fear no risks, never be confused by any interference, broaden our path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and ensure that the truth of Marxism of contemporary China shines even more brightly.III.Thoroughly Applying the Scientific Outlook on Development To continue to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics at the new stage of development, we must follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.The Scientific Outlook on Development is a continuation and development of the important thoughts on development advanced by the previous three generations of central collective leadership of the CPC and a concentrated expression of the Marxist world outlook and methodology with regard to development.It is a scientific theory that is in the same line as Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and keeps up with the times.It is an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development and a major strategic thought that
三、深入贯彻落实科学发展观
在新的发展阶段继续全面建设小康社会、发展中国特色社会主义，必须坚持以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观。
科学发展观，是对党的三代中央领导集体关于发展的重要思想的继承和发展，是马克思主义关于发展的世界观和方法论的集中体现，是同马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想既一脉相承又与时俱进的科学理论，是我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针，是发展中国特色社会主义必须坚持和贯彻的重大战略思想。
科学发展观，是立足社会主义初级阶段基本国情，总结我国发展实践，借鉴国
十七大报告全文英汉对照 we must uphold and apply in developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.In light of the basic reality that China is in the primary stage of socialism, the Scientific Outlook on Development has been formulated to meet new requirements of development by analyzing China's own practice and drawing on the experience of other countries in development.At this new stage in the new century, China's development shows a series of new features which are mainly as follows: The economic strength has increased markedly, but the overall productivity remains low, the capacity for independent innovation is weak, and the longstanding structural problems and the extensive mode of growth are yet to be fundamentally addressed.The socialist market economy is basically in place, but there remain structural and institutional obstacles slowing down development, and further reform in difficult areas is confronted with deep-seated problems.A relatively comfortable standard of living has been achieved for the people as a whole, butthe trend of a growing gap in income distribution has not been thoroughly reversed, there are still a considerable number of impoverished and low-income people in both urban and rural areas, and it has become more difficult to accommodate the interests of all sides.Efforts to balance development have yielded remarkable results, but the foundation of agriculture remains weak, the rural areas still lag behind in development, and we face an arduous task to narrow the urban-rural and interregional gaps in development and promote balanced economic and social development.Socialist democracy has continued to develop and we have made steady progress in implementing the rule of law as a fundamental principle, but efforts to improve democracy and the legal system fall somewhat short of the need to expand people's democracy and promote economic and social development, and political restructuring has to be deepened.Socialist culture is thriving as never before, but the people have growing cultural needs and have become more independent, selective, changeable and diverse in thinking, setting higher requirements for the development of an advanced socialist culture.Our society has become
外发展经验，适应新的发展要求提出来的。进入新世纪新阶段，我国发展呈现一系列新的阶段性特征，主要是：经济实力显著增强，同时生产力水平总体上还不高，自主创新能力还不强，长期形成的结构性矛盾和粗放型增长方式尚未根本改变；社会主义市场经济体制初步建立，同时影响发展的体制机制障碍依然存在，改革攻坚面临深层次矛盾和问题；人民生活总体上达到小康水平，同时收入分配差距拉大趋势还未根本扭转，城乡贫困人口和低收入人口还有相当数量，统筹兼顾各方面利益难度加大；协调发展取得显著成绩，同时农业基础薄弱、农村发展滞后的局面尚未改变，缩小城乡、区域发展差距和促进经济社会协调发展任务艰巨；社会主义民主政治不断发展、依法治国基本方略扎实贯彻，同时民主法制建设与扩大人民民主和经济社会发展的要求还不完全适应，政治体制改革需要继续深化；社会主义文化更加繁荣，同时人民精神文化需求日趋旺盛，人们思想活动的独立性、选择性、多变性、差异性明显增强，对发展社会主义先进文化提出了更高要求；社会活力显著增强，同时社会结构、社会组织形式、社会利益格局发生深刻变化，社会建设和管理面临诸多新课题；对外开放日益扩大，同时面临的国际竞争日趋激烈，发达国家在经济科技上占优势的压力长期存在，可以预见和难以预见的风险增多，统筹国内发展和对外开放要求更高。
这些情况表明，经过新中国成立以来特别是改革开放以来的不懈努力，我国取
十七大报告全文英汉对照 evidently more dynamic, but profound changes have taken place in the structure of society, in the way society is organized and in the pattern of social interests, and many new issues have emerged in social development and management.China is opening wider to the outside world, but international competition is becoming increasingly acute, pressure in the form of the economic and scientific dominance of developed countries will continue for a long time to come, both predictable and unpredictable risks are increasing, and the need to balance domestic development and opening to the outside world is greater than ever.All this shows that through the unremitting efforts we have made since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, particularly since the introduction of the reform and opening up policy, China has scored achievements in development that have captured world attention, and experienced far-reaching changes in the productive forces and the relations of production, as well as in the economic base and the superstructure.However, the basic reality that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come has not changed, nor has Chinese society's principal contradictionWe must regard development as the top priority of the Party in governing and rejuvenating the country.Development is of decisive significance for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and speeding up socialist modernization.We must firmly commit ourselves to the central task of economic development, concentrate on construction and development, and keep releasing and developing the productive forces.We must better implementthe strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the nation with trained personnel and the strategy of sustainable development.We must grasp the law of development, make innovations in our thinking, transform the mode of development, crack hard issues and raise quality and efficiency to achieve sound and rapid development, so that we can lay a solid foundation for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must strive for scientific development by putting people first and making it comprehensive, balanced and sustainable;we must strive for harmonious development by integrating all undertakings and promoting unity and amity among all members of society;and we must strive for peaceful development in the course of which China develops itself by safeguarding world peace and contributes to world peace by developing itself.We must pursue comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.In accordance with the overall arrangements for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we will promote all-round economic, political, cultural and social development, coordinate all links and aspects of our modernization drive, and balance the relations of production with the productive forces and the superstructure with the economic base.We must adopt an enlightened approach to development that results in expanded production, a better life and sound ecological and environmental conditions, and build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society that coordinates growth rate with the economic structure, quality and efficiency, and harmonizes economic growth with the population, resources and the environment, so that our people will live and work under sound ecological and environmental conditions and our economy and society will develop in a sustainable way.Promote balanced development to ensure sound and rapid economic growth.The development pattern will be significantly transformed.We will quadruple the per capita GDP of the year 2000 by 2020 through optimizing the economic structure and improving economic returns while reducing consumption of resources and protecting the environment.The socialist market economy will be improved.We will greatly enhance our capacity for independent innovation, enabling scientific and technological advancement to contribute much more to economic growth and making China an innovative country.The
四、实现全面建设小康社会奋斗目标的新要求
我们已经朝着十六大确立的全面建设小康社会的目标迈出了坚实步伐，今后要继续努力奋斗，确保到二０二０年实现全面建成小康社会的奋斗目标。我们必须适应国内外形势的新变化，顺应各族人民过上更好生活的新期待，把握经济社会发展趋势和规律，坚持中国特色社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设的基本目标和基本政策构成的基本纲领，在十六大确立的全面建设小康社会目标的基础上对我国发展提出新的更高要求。
——增强发展协调性，努力实现经济又好又快发展。转变发展方式取得重大进展，在优化结构、提高效益、降低消耗、保护环境的基础上，实现人均国内生产总值到二０二０年比二０００年翻两番。社会主义市场经济体制更加完善。自主创新能力显著提高，科技进步对经济增长的贡献率大幅上升，进入创新型国家行列。居民消费率稳步提高，形成消费、投资、出口协调拉动的增长格局。城乡、区域协调互动发展机制和主体功能区布局基本形成。社会主义新农村建设取得重大进展。城镇人口比重明显增加。
十七大报告全文英汉对照 ratio of consumption to GDP will increase steadily, and consumption, investment and export will be coordinated to boost economic growth.A mechanism for urban and rural areas and for different regions to have balanced and interactive development and a layout of development priority zones will be basically in place.Efforts to build a new socialist countryside will make significant headway.The proportion of urban residents will notably increase.Promote cultural development and notably enhance the cultural and ethical quality of the whole nation.Socialist core values will prevail among the people, and fine ideological and ethical trends will be encouraged.A basic system of public cultural services will cover the whole society, the cultural industry will account for much more of the national economy and become more competitive internationally, and a more abundant supply of cultural products will be available to meet the people's needs.Promote a conservation culture by basically forming an energy-and resource-efficient and environment-friendly structure of industries, pattern of growth and mode of consumption.We will have a large-scale circular economy and considerably increase the proportion of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption.The discharge of major pollutants will be brought under effective control and the ecological and environmental quality will improve notably.Awareness of conservation will be firmly established in the whole of society.When the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is attained by 2020, China, a large developing socialist country with an ancient civilization, will have basically accomplished industrialization, with its overall strength significantly increased and its domestic market ranking as one of the largest in the world.It will be a country whose people are better off and enjoy markedly improved quality of life and a good environment.Its citizens will have more extensive democratic rights, show higher ethical standards and look forward to greater cultural achievements.China will have better institutions in all areas and Chinese society will have greater vitality coupled with stability and unity.The country will be still more open and friendly to the outside world and make greater contributions to human civilization.The following five years will be a crucial period for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We must enhance our confidence and work hard to lay a more solid foundation for success in building a moderately prosperous society of a higher level in all respects to the benefit of over one billion people.V.Promoting Sound and Rapid Development of the National Economy To attain the objectives for economic development, it is essential to significantly accelerate the transformation of the development pattern and improve the socialist
到二０二０年全面建设小康社会目标实现之时，我们这个历史悠久的文明古国和发展中社会主义大国，将成为工业化基本实现、综合国力显著增强、国内市场总体规模位居世界前列的国家，成为人民富裕程度普遍提高、生活质量明显改善、生态环境良好的国家，成为人民享有更加充分民主权利、具有更高文明素质和精神追求的国家，成为各方面制度更加完善、社会更加充满活力而又安定团结的国家，成为对外更加开放、更加具有亲和力、为人类文明作出更大贡献的国家。
今后五年是全面建设小康社会的关键时期。我们要坚定信心，埋头苦干，为全面建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会打下更加牢固的基础。
五、促进国民经济又好又快发展
实现未来经济发展目标，关键要在加快转变经济发展方式、完善社会主义市场经济体制方面取得重大进展。要大力推进经济结构战略性调整，更加注重提高
十七大报告全文英汉对照 market economy.We need to vigorously push forward strategic economic restructuring and make greater efforts to improve China's capacity for independent innovation as well as energy and environmental conservation, and to enhance the overall quality of the economy and its international competitiveness.We need to deepen our understanding of the laws governing the socialist market economy, introduce institutions to give better play to the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, and form a system of macroeconomic regulation conducive to scientific development.1.Enhance China's capacity for independent innovation and make China an innovative country.This is the core of our national development strategy and a crucial link in enhancing the overall national strength.We need to keep to the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics and improve our capacity for independent innovation in all areas of modernization.We need to conscientiously implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development(2006-20), increase spending on independent innovation, and make breakthroughs in key technologies vital to our economic and social development.We will speed up forming a national innovation system and support basic research, research in frontier technology and technological research for public welfare.We will step up our efforts to establish a market-oriented system for technological innovation, in which enterprises play the leading role and which combines the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes, and guide and support the concentration of factors of innovation in enterprises, thereby promoting the translation of scientific and technological advances into practical productive forces.We will deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology, optimize the allocation of relevant resources, and improve the legal guarantee, policy system, incentive mechanism and market conditions to encourage technological innovation and the application of scientific and technological achievements in production.We will implement the strategy for
自主创新能力、提高节能环保水平、提高经济整体素质和国际竞争力。要深化对社会主义市场经济规律的认识，从制度上更好发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，形成有利于科学发展的宏观调控体系。
（一）提高自主创新能力，建设创新型国家。这是国家发展战略的核心，是提高综合国力的关键。要坚持走中国特色自主创新道路，把增强自主创新能力贯彻到现代化建设各个方面。认真落实国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，加大对自主创新投入，着力突破制约经济社会发展的关键技术。加快建设国家创新体系，支持基础研究、前沿技术研究、社会公益性技术研究。加快建立以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系，引导和支持创新要素向企业集聚，促进科技成果向现实生产力转化。深化科技管理体制改革，优化科技资源配置，完善鼓励技术创新和科技成果产业化的法制保障、政策体系、激励机制、市场环境。实施知识产权战略。充分利用国际科技资源。进一步营造鼓励创新的环境，努力造就世界一流科学家和科技领军人才，注重培养一线的创新人才，使全社会创新智慧竞相迸发、各方面创新人才大量涌现。
（二）加快转变经济发展方式，推动产业结构优化升级。这是关系国民经济全局紧迫而重大的战略任务。要坚持走中
十七大报告全文英汉对照 intellectual property rights.We will make the best use of international resources of science and technology.We will continue to create conditions conducive to innovation, work to train world-class scientists and leaders in scientific and technological research, attach great importance to training innovative personnel in the frontline of production, inspire the creative wisdom of the whole society and bring forth large numbers of innovative personnel in all areas.2.Accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development and promote upgrading of the industrial structure.This is a pressing strategic task vital to the national economy as a whole.We must keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics, pursue the policy of boosting domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, and propel three transitions in the mode of economic growth: the transition from relying mainly on investment and export to relying on a well coordinated combination of consumption, investment and export, the transition from secondary industry serving as the major driving force to primary, secondary and tertiary industries jointly driving economic growth, and the transition from relying heavily on increased consumption of material resources to relying mainly on advances in science and technology, improvement in the quality of the workforce and innovation in management.We will develop amodern industrial system, integrate IT application with industrialization, push our large industries to grow stronger, invigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, and eliminate outdated production capacities.We will upgrade new-and high-technology industries and develop information, biotechnology, new materials, aerospace, marine and other industries.We will develop the modern service industry and raise the level of the service sector and its share in the economy.We will step up efforts to improve basic industries and infrastructure and accelerate development of a modern energy industry and a comprehensive transport system.We will ensure the quality and safety of products.We will encourage formation of internationally competitive conglomerates.3.Balance urban and rural development and build a
国特色新型工业化道路，坚持扩大国内需求特别是消费需求的方针，促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变，由主要依靠第二产业带动向依靠第一、第二、第三产业协同带动转变，由主要依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。发展现代产业体系，大力推进信息化与工业化融合，促进工业由大变强，振兴装备制造业，淘汰落后生产能力；提升高新技术产业，发展信息、生物、新材料、航空航天、海洋等产业；发展现代服务业，提高服务业比重和水平；加强基础产业基础设施建设，加快发展现代能源产业和综合运输体系。确保产品质量和安全。鼓励发展具有国际竞争力的大企业集团。
（三）统筹城乡发展，推进社会主义新农村建设。解决好农业、农村、农民问题，事关全面建设小康社会大局，必须始终作为全党工作的重中之重。要加强农业基础地位，走中国特色农业现代化道路，建立以工促农、以城带乡长效机制，形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局。坚持把发展现代农业、繁荣农村经济作为首要任务，加强农村基础设施建设，健全农村市场和农业服务体系。加大支农惠农政策力度，严格保护耕地，增加农业投入，促进农业科技进步，增强农业综合生产能力，确保国家粮食安全。加强动植物疫病防控，提高农产品质量安全水平。以促进农民增收为核心，发展乡镇企业，壮大县域经济，多渠道转移农民就业。提高扶贫开发水平。深化农村综合改革，推进农村金融体制改革和创新，改革集体林权制度。坚持农村基本经营制度，稳定和完善土
十七大报告全文英汉对照 new socialist countryside.As resolution of issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers has an overall impact on building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must always make it a top priority in the work of the whole Party.We will strengthen the position of agriculture as the foundation of the national economy, take a path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics,set up a permanent mechanism of industry promoting agriculture and urban areas helping rural areas, and form a new pattern that integrates economic and social development in urban and rural areas.We will continue to take developing modern agriculture and invigorating the rural economy as a primary task, strengthen infrastructure in rural areas, and improve the system of rural markets and that of services for agriculture.We will increase policy measures to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers, strictly protect arable land, increase spending on agriculture, promote advances in agriculture-related science and technology, and improve overall agricultural production capacity to ensure food security for the nation.We will intensify efforts to prevent and control animal and plant epidemic diseases and improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.To increase farmers' income, we will develop rural enterprises, expand county economies, and transfer rural labor out of farming through various channels.We will enhance poverty reduction through development.We will deepen the comprehensive rural reform, promote reform and innovation in the rural banking system, and reform the system of collective forest rights.We will uphold the basic system for rural operations, stabilize and improve land contract relations, improve the market for transferring land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and on a voluntary and compensatory basis, and develop various forms of appropriate large-scale operations where conditions permit.We will explore effective forms of collective economic operations, develop specialized farmers' cooperatives, and support the industrialized operation of agriculture and the development of leading agribusinesses.We will train a new type of farmers
地承包关系，按照依法自愿有偿原则，健全土地承包经营权流转市场，有条件的地方可以发展多种形式的适度规模经营。探索集体经济有效实现形式，发展农民专业合作组织，支持农业产业化经营和龙头企业发展。培育有文化、懂技术、会经营的新型农民，发挥亿万农民建设新农村的主体作用。
（四）加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护，增强可持续发展能力。坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，关系人民群众切身利益和中华民族生存发展。必须把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会放在工业化、现代化发展战略的突出位置，落实到每个单位、每个家庭。要完善有利于节约能源资源和保护生态环境的法律和政策，加快形成可持续发展体制机制。落实节能减排工作责任制。开发和推广节约、替代、循环利用和治理污染的先进适用技术，发展清洁能源和可再生能源，保护土地和水资源，建设科学合理的能源资源利用体系，提高能源资源利用效率。发展环保产业。加大节能环保投入，重点加强水、大气、土壤等污染防治，改善城乡人居环境。加强水利、林业、草原建设，加强荒漠化石漠化治理，促进生态修复。加强应对气候变化能力建设，为保护全球气候作出新贡献。
十七大报告全文英汉对照 who are educated and understand both agricultural techniques and business management, and encourage hundreds of millions of farmers to play the major role in building a new countryside.4.Improve energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation and enhance China's capacity for sustainable development.Adhering to the basic state policy of conserving resources and the environment is vital to the immediate interests of the people and the survival and development of the Chinese nation.We must give prominence to building a resource-conserving, environment-friendly society in our strategy for industrialization and modernization and get every organization and family to act accordingly.We will improve laws and policies to promote energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation, and speed up the formation of systems and mechanisms for sustainable development.We will implement the responsibility system for conserving energy and reducing emissions.We willdevelop and extend advanced and appropriate technologies for conserving, substituting and recycling energy and resources and for controlling pollution, develop clean and renewable energy sources, protect land and water resources and set up a scientific, rational system for using energy and resources more efficiently.We will develop environmental conservation industries.We will increase spending on energy and environmental conservation with the focus on intensifying prevention and control of water, air and soil pollution and improving the living environment for both urban and rural residents.We will improve water conservancy, forestry and grasslands, intensify efforts to bring desertification under control and prevent the spread of stony deserts, and promote restoration of the ecosystems.We will enhance our capacity to respond to climate change and make new contributions to protecting the global climate.5.Promote balanced development among regions and improve the pattern of land development.To narrow the gap in development among regions, we must work to ensure their equal access to basic public services and guide a rational flow of factors of production between regions.Following the general strategy for
（五）推动区域协调发展，优化国土开发格局。缩小区域发展差距，必须注重实现基本公共服务均等化，引导生产要素跨区域合理流动。要继续实施区域发展总体战略，深入推进西部大开发，全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地，大力促进中部地区崛起，积极支持东部地区率先发展。加强国土规划，按照形成主体功能区的要求，完善区域政策，调整经济布局。遵循市场经济规律，突破行政区划界限，形成若干带动力强、联系紧密的经济圈和经济带。重大项目布局要充分考虑支持中西部发展，鼓励东部地区带动和帮助中西部地区发展。加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区发展扶持力度。帮助资源枯竭地区实现经济转型。更好发挥经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区在改革开放和自主创新中的重要作用。走中国特色城镇化道路，按照统筹城乡、布局合理、节约土地、功能完善、以大带小的原则，促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展。以增强综合承载能力为重点，以特大城市为依托，形成辐射作用大的城市群，培育新的经济增长极。
（六）完善基本经济制度，健全现代市场体系。坚持和完善公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度，毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公
十七大报告全文英汉对照 regional development, we will continue to carry out large-scale development of the western region, rejuvenate northeast China and other old industrial bases in an all-round way, boost the development of the central region and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We will strengthen land planning, improve policies for regional development and adjust the geographical distribution of economic operations in accordance with the requirement to form development priority zones.In compliance with the laws governing the market economy, we will work beyond administrative divisions to form a number of close-knit economic rims and belts that will provide a strong impetus to the development of other areas.In locating major projects, we must give full consideration to supporting development of the central and western regions and encourage the eastern region to help them develop.We will give more support to the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic autonomous areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas.We will help transform the economies of areas where natural resources are exhausted.We will have the special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin play a major role in reform, opening up and independent innovation.Taking a path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, we will promote balanced development of large, medium-sized and small cities and towns on the principle of balancing urban and rural development, ensuring rational distribution, saving land, providing a full range of functions and getting larger cities to help smaller ones.Focusing on increasing the overall carrying capacity of cities, we will form city clusters with mega cities as the core so that they can boost development in other areas and become new poles of economic growth.6.Improve the basic economic system and the modern market system.We need to uphold and improve the basic economic system in which public ownership is dominant and different economic sectors develop side by side, unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public
有制经济发展，坚持平等保护物权，形成各种所有制经济平等竞争、相互促进新格局。深化国有企业公司制股份制改革，健全现代企业制度，优化国有经济布局和结构，增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力。深化垄断行业改革，引入竞争机制，加强政府监管和社会监督。加快建设国有资本经营预算制度。完善各类国有资产管理体制和制度。推进集体企业改革，发展多种形式的集体经济、合作经济。推进公平准入，改善融资条件，破除体制障碍，促进个体、私营经济和中小企业发展。以现代产权制度为基础，发展混合所有制经济。加快形成统一开放竞争有序的现代市场体系，发展各类生产要素市场，完善反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度、环境损害成本的生产要素和资源价格形成机制，规范发展行业协会和市场中介组织，健全社会信用体系。
（七）深化财税、金融等体制改革，完善宏观调控体系。围绕推进基本公共服务均等化和主体功能区建设，完善公共财政体系。深化预算制度改革，强化预算管理和监督，健全中央和地方财力与事权相匹配的体制，加快形成统一规范透明的财政转移支付制度，提高一般性转移支付规模和比例，加大公共服务领域投入。完善省以下财政体制，增强基层政府提供公共服务能力。实行有利于科学发展的财税制度，建立健全资源有偿使用制度和生态环境补偿机制。推进金融体制改革，发展各类金融市场，形成多种所有制和多种经营形式、结构合理、功能完善、高效安全的现代金融体系。提高银行业、证券业、保险业竞争
十七大报告全文英汉对照 sector, ensure equal protection of property rights, and create a new situation in which all economic sectors compete on an equal footing and reinforce each other.We will deepen the reform to introduce the corporate and shareholding systems in state-owned enterprises, improve the modern corporate structure and optimize the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy to enhance its dynamism, dominance and influence.We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition, and strengthen government regulation and public oversight of them.We will accelerate development ofa budget system for managing state capital and improve systems and regulations for managing all types of state assets.We will press ahead with the reform of collectively-owned enterprises and develop various forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will promote equitable market access, improve the financing environment and remove institutional barriers in order to promote development of individually-owned businesses and private companies as well as small and medium-sized enterprises.We will develop the economic sector of mixed ownership based on the modern system of property rights.We will accelerate the formation of a modern market system that is unified and open and that allows orderly competition, develop markets for factors of production, improve the pricing mechanism for factors of production and resources to reflect changes in market supply and demand, resource scarcities and environmental costs, regulate and develop industry associations and market-based intermediaries, and improve the social credibility system.7.Deepen fiscal, taxation and financial restructuring and improve macroeconomic regulation.We will improve the public finance system as we work to ensure equal access to basic public services and establish development priority zones.We need to deepen reform of the budget system, tighten budgetary management and oversight, improve the system whereby both the central and local governments have financial resources proportionate to their duties and responsibilities, accelerate the establishment of a unified, standardized and
力。优化资本市场结构，多渠道提高直接融资比重。加强和改进金融监管，防范和化解金融风险。完善人民币汇率形成机制，逐步实现资本项目可兑换。深化投资体制改革，健全和严格市场准入制度。完善国家规划体系。发挥国家发展规划、计划、产业政策在宏观调控中的导向作用，综合运用财政、货币政策，提高宏观调控水平。
（八）拓展对外开放广度和深度，提高开放型经济水平。坚持对外开放的基本国策，把“引进来”和“走出去”更好结合起来，扩大开放领域，优化开放结构，提高开放质量，完善内外联动、互利共赢、安全高效的开放型经济体系，形成经济全球化条件下参与国际经济合作和竞争新优势。深化沿海开放，加快内地开放，提升沿边开放，实现对内对外开放相互促进。加快转变外贸增长方式，立足以质取胜，调整进出口结构，促进加工贸易转型升级，大力发展服务贸易。创新利用外资方式，优化利用外资结构，发挥利用外资在推动自主创新、产业升级、区域协调发展等方面的积极作用。创新对外投资和合作方式，支持企业在研发、生产、销售等方面开展国际化经营，加快培育我国的跨国公司和国际知名品牌。积极开展国际能源资源互利合作。实施自由贸易区战略，加强双边多边经贸合作。采取综合措施促进国际收支基本平衡。注重防范国际经济风险。
实现国民经济又好又快发展，必将进一步增强我国经济实力，彰显社会主义市场经济的强大生机活力。
十七大报告全文英汉对照 transparent system for transfer payments, enlarge the size and proportion of general transfer payments, and increase input in public services.We will improve fiscal systems at and below the provincial level to enhance the capacity of county and township governments to provide public services.We will adopt fiscal and taxation systems conducive to scientific development and set up sound compensation systems for use of resources and for damage to the ecological environment.We will proceed with financial reforms to develop various types of financial markets and build a modern financial system that is inclusive of different forms of ownership and different ways of operation and that features a reasonable structure, complete functions, efficiency and security.We will make our banking, securities and insurance industries more competitive.We will improve the structure of the capital market and raise the proportion of direct financing through multiple channels.We will strengthen financial supervision and control, and forestall and defuse financial risks.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime and gradually make the RMB convertible under capital accounts.We will deepen reform of the investment system and improve and strictly enforce market access rules.We will improve the state planning system.We will give play to the guiding role of national development plans, programs and industrial policies in macroeconomic regulation and combine the use of fiscal and monetary policies to improve macroeconomic regulation.8.Expand opening up in scope and depth and improve our open economy.Adhering to the basic state policy of opening up, we will better integrate our “bring in” and “go global” strategies, expand the areas of opening up, optimize its structure, raise its quality, and turn our open economy into one in which domestic development and opening to the outside world interact and Chinese businesses and their foreign counterparts engage in win-win cooperation, and one that features security and efficiency, in order to gain new advantages for China in international economic cooperation and competition amid economic globalization.We will deepen the opening up of coastal areas, accelerate that of inland areas and upgrade that
十七大报告全文英汉对照 of border areas, so that opening up at home and opening to the outside world will promote each other.We will expedite transformation of the growth mode of foreign trade, stress quality, adjust the mix of imports and exports, promote transformation and upgrading of processing trade, and energetically develop service trade.We will make innovations in the way of using foreign capital, improve the structure of foreign investment utilized, and let the use of foreign capital play a positive role in facilitating independent innovation, industrial upgrading and balanced development among regions.We will make innovations in our way of overseas investment and cooperation, support domestic enterprises in carrying out international operations of R&D, production and marketing, and accelerate the growth of Chinese multinational corporations and Chinese brand names in the world market.We will vigorously carry out mutually beneficial international cooperation in energy and resources.We will implement a strategy of free trade zones and expand bilateral and multilateral trade and economic cooperation.We will adopt comprehensive measures to maintain a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments.We must guard against international economic risks.By ensuring sound and rapid growth of the economy, we will further enhance China's economic strength, and enable our socialist market economy to exhibit its great vitality.VI.Unswervingly Developing Socialist Democracy People's democracy is the lifeblood of socialism.The Party has been consistently pursuing the goal of developing socialist democracy.Since China began its reform and opening up, we have made vigorous yet steady efforts to promote political restructuring, and socialist democracy has demonstrated greater vitality in the country.As an important part of the overall reform, political restructuring must be constantly deepened along with economic and social development to adapt to the growing enthusiasm of the people for participation in political affairs.We must keep to the path of political development under socialism with Chinese characteristics, and integrate the leadership of
六、坚定不移发展社会主义民主政治 人民民主是社会主义的生命。发展社会主义民主政治是我们党始终不渝的奋斗目标。改革开放以来，我们积极稳妥推进政治体制改革，我国社会主义民主政治展现出更加旺盛的生命力。政治体制改革作为我国全面改革的重要组成部分，必须随着经济社会发展而不断深化，与人民政治参与积极性不断提高相适应。要坚持中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，坚持和完善人民代表大会制度、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度
十七大报告全文英汉对照 the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country, and the rule of law.We must uphold and improve the system of people's congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of self-governance at the primary level of society.All this will promote continuous self-improvement and development of the socialist political system.In deepening political restructuring, we must keep to the correct political orientation.On the basis of ensuring the people's position as masters of the country, we will expand socialist democracy, build a socialist country under the rule of law and develop socialist political civilization to enhance the vitality of the Party and the state and arouse the initiative of the people.We must uphold the Party's role as the core of leadership in directing the overall situation and coordinating the efforts of all quarters, and improve its capacity for scientific, democratic and law-based governance to ensure that the Party leads the people in effectively governing the country.We must ensure that all power of the state belongs to the people, expand the citizens' orderly participation in political affairs at each level and in every field, and mobilize and organize the people as extensively as possible to manage state and social affairs as well as economic and cultural programs in accordance with the law.We must uphold the rule of law as a fundamental principle and adopt the socialist concept of law-based governance to ensure that all work of the state is based on the law and that the legitimate rights and interests of citizens are safeguarded.We must maintain the features and advantages of the socialist political system and define institutions, standards and procedures for socialist democracy to provide political and legal guarantees of lasting stability for the Party and the country.1.Expand people's democracy and ensure that they are masters of the country.The essence and core of socialist democracy are that the people are masters of the country.We need to improve institutions for democracy, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we need to carry out democratic
以及基层群众自治制度，不断推进社会主义政治制度自我完善和发展。
深化政治体制改革，必须坚持正确政治方向，以保证人民当家作主为根本，以增强党和国家活力、调动人民积极性为目标，扩大社会主义民主，建设社会主义法治国家，发展社会主义政治文明。要坚持党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，提高党科学执政、民主执政、依法执政水平，保证党领导人民有效治理国家；坚持国家一切权力属于人民，从各个层次、各个领域扩大公民有序政治参与，最广泛地动员和组织人民依法管理国家事务和社会事务、管理经济和文化事业；坚持依法治国基本方略，树立社会主义法治理念，实现国家各项工作法治化，保障公民合法权益；坚持社会主义政治制度的特点和优势，推进社会主义民主政治制度化、规范化、程序化，为党和国家长治久安提供政治和法律制度保障。
（一）扩大人民民主，保证人民当家作主。人民当家作主是社会主义民主政治的本质和核心。要健全民主制度，丰富民主形式，拓宽民主渠道，依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督，保障人民的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权。支持人民代表大会依法履行职能，善于使党的主张通过法定程序成为国家意志；保障人大代表依法行使职权，密切人大代表同人民的联系，建议逐步实行城乡按相同人口比例选举人大代表；加强人大常委会制度建设，优化组成人员知识结构和年龄结构。支持人民政协围绕团结和民主两大主题履行职能，推进政治协商、民主监督、十七大报告全文英汉对照 election, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to guarantee the people's rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard, and to oversee.We must support people's congresses in performing their functions pursuant to law and effectively turn the Party's propositions into the will of the state through legal procedures.We must ensure that deputies to people's congresses exercise their functions and powers in accordance with the law and maintain close ties with the general public.We propose that both urban and rural areas gradually adopt the same ratio of deputies to the represented population in elections of deputies to people's congresses.We must strengthen the institutions of standing committees of people's congresses and improve their membership composition in terms of intellectual background and age.We will support the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)in performing its functions centered on the two major themes of unity and democracy and improve the system of political consultation, democratic oversight, and participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs.We will incorporate political consultation in decision-making procedures, improve democratic oversight and ensure that the CPPCC participates in the deliberation and administration of state affairs more effectively.The CPPCC is encouraged to improve itself and play its important role in coordinating relations, pooling strengths, making proposals and serving the overall interests of the country.We must ensure equality among all ethnic groups and guarantee the right of ethnic autonomous areas to exercise autonomy pursuant to law.To ensure scientific and democratic decision-making, we will improve the information and intellectual support for it, increase its transparency and expand public participation in it.In principle, public hearings must be held for the formulation of laws, regulations and policies that bear closely on the interests of the public.We need to step up education about citizenship and establish socialist concepts of democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality, equity and justice.We support trade unions, the Communist Youth League, women's federations and other people's
参政议政制度建设；把政治协商纳入决策程序，完善民主监督机制，提高参政议政实效；加强政协自身建设，发挥协调关系、汇聚力量、建言献策、服务大局的重要作用。坚持各民族一律平等，保证民族自治地方依法行使自治权。推进决策科学化、民主化，完善决策信息和智力支持系统，增强决策透明度和公众参与度，制定与群众利益密切相关的法律法规和公共政策原则上要公开听取意见。加强公民意识教育，树立社会主义民主法治、自由平等、公平正义理念。支持工会、共青团、妇联等人民团体依照法律和各自章程开展工作，参与社会管理和公共服务，维护群众合法权益。
（二）发展基层民主，保障人民享有更多更切实的民主权利。人民依法直接行使民主权利，管理基层公共事务和公益事业，实行自我管理、自我服务、自我教育、自我监督，对干部实行民主监督，是人民当家作主最有效、最广泛的途径，必须作为发展社会主义民主政治的基础性工程重点推进。要健全基层党组织领导的充满活力的基层群众自治机制，扩大基层群众自治范围，完善民主管理制度，把城乡社区建设成为管理有序、服务完善、文明祥和的社会生活共同体。全心全意依靠工人阶级，完善以职工代表大会为基本形式的企事业单位民主管理制度，推进厂务公开，支持
十七大报告全文英汉对照 organizations in functioning in accordance with the law and their respective charters, participating in social management and public services and helping protect the people's legitimate rights and interests.2.Develop primary-level democracy and ensure that the people enjoy democratic rights in a more extensive and practical way.The most effective and extensive way for the people to be masters of the country is that they directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law to manage public affairs and public service programs at the primary level, practice self-management, self-service, self-education and self-oversight, and exercise democratic oversight over cadres.Such practices must be emphasized and promoted as the groundwork for developing socialist democracy.We need to improve the dynamic mechanism of people's self-governance at the primary level under the leadership of primary Party organizations, expand the scope of self-governance, and improve the institution for democratic management, with a view to turning urban and rural neighborhoods into communities of social life that are well managed, supported by complete services, and filled with civility and harmony.We must rely wholeheartedly on the working class, improve the democratic management system in enterprises and public institutions with workers' conferences as its basic form and increase transparency in factory affairs to support workers' participation in management and to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.We need to deepen institutional reforms at the town and township level to strengthen government authorities there and improve the systems for transparency in government and village affairs to bring about effective connection and beneficial interaction between government administration and primary-level self-governance.We also encourage social organizations to help expand the participation by the public and report on their petitions to improve the self-governance capability of society.3.Comprehensively implement the rule of law as a fundamental principle and speed up the building of a socialist country under the rule of law.The rule of law constitutes the essential requirement of socialist
职工参与管理，维护职工合法权益。深化乡镇机构改革，加强基层政权建设，完善政务公开、村务公开等制度，实现政府行政管理与基层群众自治有效衔接和良性互动。发挥社会组织在扩大群众参与、反映群众诉求方面的积极作用，增强社会自治功能。
（三）全面落实依法治国基本方略，加快建设社会主义法治国家。依法治国是社会主义民主政治的基本要求。要坚持科学立法、民主立法，完善中国特色社会主义法律体系。加强宪法和法律实施，坚持公民在法律面前一律平等，维护社会公平正义，维护社会主义法制的统一、尊严、权威。推进依法行政。深化司法体制改革，优化司法职权配置，规范司法行为，建设公正高效权威的社会主义司法制度，保证审判机关、检察机关依法独立公正地行使审判权、检察权。加强政法队伍建设，做到严格、公正、文明执法。深入开展法制宣传教育，弘扬法治精神，形成自觉学法守法用法的社会氛围。尊重和保障人权，依法保证全体社会成员平等参与、平等发展的权利。各级党组织和全体党员要自觉在宪法和法律范围内活动，带头维护宪法和法律的权威。
（四）壮大爱国统一战线，团结一切可以团结的力量。促进政党关系、民族关系、宗教关系、阶层关系、海内外同胞
十七大报告全文英汉对照 democracy.We must persist in scientific and democratic legislation to improve the socialist law system with Chinese characteristics.We will strengthen the enforcement of the Constitution and laws, ensure that all citizens are equal before the law, and safeguard social equity and justice and the consistency, sanctity and authority of the socialist legal system.We need to carry out government administration in accordance with the law.We need to deepen the reform of the judiciary system, optimize the distribution of judicial functions and powers, standardize judicial practices, and build a fair, efficient and authoritative socialist judiciary system to ensure that courts and procuratorates exercise their respective powers independently and impartially in accordance with the law.We need to improve the overall quality of judicial, procuratorial and public security personnel to ensure that law enforcement is strict, impartial and civilized.We need to step up the education campaign to increase public awareness of law, and promote the spirit of the rule of law, creating a social environment in which people study, abide by and apply laws of their own accord.We must respect and safeguard human rights, and ensure the equal right to participation and development for all members of society in accordance with the law.Party organizations at all levels and all Party members must act under the Constitution and laws on their own initiative and take the lead in upholding the authority of the Constitution and laws.4.Expand the patriotic united front and unite with all forces that can be united.Promoting harmony in relations between political parties, between ethnic groups, between religions, between social strata, and between our compatriots at home and overseas plays an irreplaceable role in enhancing unity and pooling strengths.Acting onthe principle of long-term coexistence, mutual oversight, sincerity, and sharing of both good and bad times, we will strengthen our cooperation with the democratic parties, support them and personages without party affiliation in better performing their functions of participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs and democratic oversight, and select and recommend a
关系的和谐，对于增进团结、凝聚力量具有不可替代的作用。要贯彻长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共的方针，加强同民主党派合作共事，支持民主党派和无党派人士更好履行参政议政、民主监督职能，选拔和推荐更多优秀党外干部担任领导职务。牢牢把握各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展的主题，保障少数民族合法权益，巩固和发展平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系。全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针，发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济社会发展中的积极作用。鼓励新的社会阶层人士积极投身中国特色社会主义建设。认真贯彻党的侨务政策，支持海外侨胞、归侨侨眷关心和参与祖国现代化建设与和平统一大业。
（五）加快行政管理体制改革，建设服务型政府。行政管理体制改革是深化改革的重要环节。要抓紧制定行政管理体制改革总体方案，着力转变职能、理顺关系、优化结构、提高效能，形成权责一致、分工合理、决策科学、执行顺畅、监督有力的行政管理体制。健全政府职责体系，完善公共服务体系，推行电子政务，强化社会管理和公共服务。加快推进政企分开、政资分开、政事分开、政府与市场中介组织分开，规范行政行为，加强行政执法部门建设，减少和规范行政审批，减少政府对微观经济运行的干预。规范垂直管理部门和地方政府的关系。加大机构整合力度，探索实行职能有机统一的大部门体制，健全部门间协调配合机制。精简和规范各类议事协调机构及其办事机构，减少行政层次，降低行政成本，着力解决机构重叠、职责交叉、政出多门问题。统筹党委、十七大报告全文英汉对照 greater number of outstanding non-CPC persons for leading positions.Keeping in mind the objective of all ethnic groups working together for common prosperity and development, we must guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of ethnic minorities, and strengthen and develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, solidarity, mutual assistance and harmony.We will fully implement the Party's basic principle for its work related to religious affairs and bring into play the positive role of religious personages and believers in promoting economic and social development.We encourage members of emerging social strata to take an active part in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.We will conscientiously follow the Party's policy on overseas Chinese affairs and support overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese and their relatives in caring about and participating in the modernization drive and the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherland.5.Accelerate the reform of the administrative system and build a service-oriented government.The administrative reform is an important part of the efforts to deepen China's overall reform.We must lose no time in working out a master plan for it, with the focus on changing functions, straightening out relations, optimizing the setup and raising efficiency, and bring about a system which matches powers with responsibilities, divides work in a rational way, fosters scientific decision-making, and ensures smooth enforcement and effective oversight.We need to improve the government responsibility system and the public service system, promote e-government and strengthen social management and public services.We will accelerate the separation of the functions of the government from those of enterprises, state assets management authorities, public institutions and market-based intermediaries, standardize administrative practices, strengthen administrative law-enforcement agencies, reduce the number of matters requiring administrative examination and approval and standardize such procedures, and reduce government intervention in microeconomic operations.We will standardize the relationship between local departments directly under central
政府和人大、政协机构设置，减少领导职数，严格控制编制。加快推进事业单位分类改革。
（六）完善制约和监督机制，保证人民赋予的权力始终用来为人民谋利益。确保权力正确行使，必须让权力在阳光下运行。要坚持用制度管权、管事、管人，建立健全决策权、执行权、监督权既相互制约又相互协调的权力结构和运行机制。健全组织法制和程序规则，保证国家机关按照法定权限和程序行使权力、履行职责。完善各类公开办事制度，提高政府工作透明度和公信力。重点加强对领导干部特别是主要领导干部、人财物管理使用、关键岗位的监督，健全质询、问责、经济责任审计、引咎辞职、罢免等制度。落实党内监督条例，加强民主监督，发挥好舆论监督作用，增强监督合力和实效。
社会主义愈发展，民主也愈发展。在发展中国特色社会主义的历史进程中，中国共产党人和中国人民一定能够不断发展具有强大生命力的社会主义民主政治。
十七大报告全文英汉对照 government organs and local governments.We will step up our efforts to streamline government organs, explore ways to establish greater departments with integrated functions, and improve the mechanism of coordination and collaboration between government departments.We will downsize and standardize various organs for deliberation and coordination and their working offices, cut down levels of administration, minimize its costs, and address the problems of overlapping organizations and functions and conflicting policies from different departments.We will give overall consideration to the setup of Party committees and governments as well as that of people's congresses and CPPCC committees, reduce the number of their leading positions and strictly control their staffing.We will step up the restructuring of different categories of public institutions.6.Improve the mechanism of restraint and oversight and ensure that power entrusted by the people is always exercised in their interests.Power must be exercised in the sunshine to ensure that it is exercised correctly.We must have institutions to govern power, work and personnel, and establish a sound structure of power and a mechanism for its operation in which decision-making, enforcement and oversight powers check each other and function in coordination.We will improve organic laws and rules of procedure to ensure that state organs exercise their powers and perform their functions and responsibilities within their statutory jurisdiction and in accordance with legal procedures.We will improve the open administrative system in various areas and increase transparency in government work, thus enhancing the people's trust in the government.We will focus on tightening oversight over leading cadres and especially principal ones, over the management and use of human, financial and material resources, and over key positions.We will improve the systems of inquiries, accountability, economic responsibility auditing, resignation and recall.We will implement the intra-Party oversight regulations, strengthen democratic oversight and give scope to the oversight role of public opinion, pooling forces of oversight from all sides to make it more effective.36
十七大报告全文英汉对照 Democracy will keep developing along with the progress of socialism.In the historical course of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, Chinese Communists and the Chinese people will surely advance socialist democracy that is full of vitality.VII.Promoting Vigorous Development and Prosperity of Socialist Culture In the present era, culture has become a more and more important source of national cohesion and creativity and a factor of growing significance in the competition in overall national strength, and the Chinese people have an increasingly ardent desire for a richer cultural life.We must keep to the orientation of advanced socialist culture, bring about a new upsurge in socialist cultural development, stimulate the cultural creativity of the whole nation, and enhance culture as part of the soft power of our country to better guarantee the people's basic cultural rights and interests, enrich the cultural life in Chinese society and inspire the enthusiasm of the people for progress.1.Build up the system of socialist core values and make socialist ideology more attractive and cohesive.The system of socialist core values represents the essence of socialist ideology.We must consolidate the guiding position of Marxism, persistently arm the whole Party with and educate the people in the latest achievements in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, rally the people with our common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, inspire the people with patriotism-centered national spirit and with the spirit of the times centering on reform and innovation, guide social ethos with the socialist maxims of honor and disgrace, and solidify the common ideological basis of the joint endeavor of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups.We will make every effort to carry out theoretical innovation and give Marxism of contemporary China distinct characters of practice, of the Chinese nation and of the times.We will publicize the theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and take Marxism of contemporary China to the general public.We will carry on the Project to Study and Develop Marxist
七、推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣 当今时代，文化越来越成为民族凝聚力和创造力的重要源泉、越来越成为综合国力竞争的重要因素，丰富精神文化生活越来越成为我国人民的热切愿望。要坚持社会主义先进文化前进方向，兴起社会主义文化建设新高潮，激发全民族文化创造活力，提高国家文化软实力，使人民基本文化权益得到更好保障，使社会文化生活更加丰富多彩，使人民精神风貌更加昂扬向上。
（一）建设社会主义核心价值体系，增强社会主义意识形态的吸引力和凝聚力。社会主义核心价值体系是社会主义意识形态的本质体现。要巩固马克思主义指导地位，坚持不懈地用马克思主义中国化最新成果武装全党、教育人民，用中国特色社会主义共同理想凝聚力量，用以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神鼓舞斗志，用社会主义荣辱观引领风尚，巩固全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的共同思想基础。大力推进理论创新，不断赋予当代中国马克思主义鲜明的实践特色、民族特色、时代特色。开展中国特色社会主义理论体系宣传普及活动，推动当代中国马克思主义大众化。推进马克思主义理论研究和建设工程，深入回答重大理论和实际问题，培养造就一批马克思主义理论家特别是中青年理论家。切实把社会主义核心价值体系融入国民教育和精神文明建设全过程，转化为人民的自觉追求。积极探索用社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮的有效途径，主动做好意识形态工作，既尊重差异、包容多样，又有力抵制各种错误和腐朽
十七大报告全文英汉对照 Theory to provide in-depth answers to major theoretical and practical questions and to bring up a group of Marxist theoreticians, especially young and middle-aged ones.We will incorporate the socialist core values into all stages of national education and the entire process of cultural and ethical progress to make them the targets pursued by the people of their own accord.We will explore effective ways of letting the system of socialist core values guide trends of thought and take the initiative in ideological work, respecting divergence and allowing diversity while effectively resisting the influence of erroneous and decadent ideas.We will develop philosophy and social sciences, promoting innovation in academic disciplines, academic viewpoints and research methods.We encourage people working in these fields to serve as a think tank for the cause of the Party and the people, and we will introduce related outstanding achievements and distinguished scholars to the world arena.2.Foster a culture of harmony and cultivate civilized practices.A culture of harmony provides important intellectual support for the unity and progress of all our people.We must step up the development of the press, publishing, radio, film, television, literature and art, give correct guidance to the public and foster healthy social trends.We must balance cultural development between urban and rural areas and among different regions, focusing on enriching the cultural life in rural and remote areas and of rural migrant workers in cities.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture and foster a good cyber environment.We will promote patriotism, collectivism and socialist ideology.With the emphasis on enhancing people's awareness of integrity, we will promote social ethics, professional codes of conduct, family virtues and individual morality, let paragons of virtue serve as role models for society, and guide people in conscientiously carrying out legal obligations and social and family responsibilities.We will strengthen and improve our ideological and political work, paying attention to compassionate care and psychological counseling and correctly handling interpersonal relations.We will mobilize all sectors of society in doing
思想的影响。繁荣发展哲学社会科学，推进学科体系、学术观点、科研方法创新，鼓励哲学社会科学界为党和人民事业发挥思想库作用，推动我国哲学社会科学优秀成果和优秀人才走向世界。
（二）建设和谐文化，培育文明风尚。和谐文化是全体人民团结进步的重要精神支撑。要积极发展新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术事业，坚持正确导向，弘扬社会正气。重视城乡、区域文化协调发展，着力丰富农村、偏远地区、进城务工人员的精神文化生活。加强网络文化建设和管理，营造良好网络环境。大力弘扬爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义思想，以增强诚信意识为重点，加强社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德、个人品德建设，发挥道德模范榜样作用，引导人们自觉履行法定义务、社会责任、家庭责任。加强和改进思想政治工作，注重人文关怀和心理疏导，用正确方式处理人际关系。动员社会各方面共同做好青少年思想道德教育工作，为青少年健康成长创造良好社会环境。深入开展群众性精神文明创建活动，完善社会志愿服务体系，形成男女平等、尊老爱幼、互爱互助、见义勇为的社会风尚。弘扬科学精神，普及科学知识。广泛开展全民健身运动。办好二００八年奥运会、残奥会和二０一０年世博会。
（三）弘扬中华文化，建设中华民族共有精神家园。中华文化是中华民族生生不息、团结奋进的不竭动力。要全面认识祖国传统文化，取其精华，去其糟粕，十七大报告全文英汉对照 a good job of ideological and moral education among young people and create a favorable environment for their healthy development.We will carry out intensive activities to promote cultural and ethical progress among the public, improve the system of voluntary public services, and encourage practices such as upholding gender equality, respecting the elderly, caring for the young, showing concern for and helping each other and coming to the rescue of others even at risk to oneself.We will promote the scientific spirit and spread scientific knowledge.We will launch extensive public fitness programs and ensure the success of the 2008 Olympic Games and the Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Exposition in Shanghai.3.Promote Chinese culture and build the common spiritual home for the Chinese nation.Chinese culture has been an unfailing driving force for the Chinese nation to keep its unity and make progress from generation to generation.We must have a comprehensive understanding of traditional Chinese culture, keep its essence and discard its dross to enable it to fit in with present-day society, stay in harmony with modern civilization, keep its national character and reflect changes of the times.We will further publicize the fine traditions of Chinese culture and use modern means of science and technology to exploit the rich resources of our national culture.We will explore and better protect the cultures of all ethnic groups, attach great importance to the protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage and do a good job collating ancient books and records.We will also strengthen international cultural exchanges to draw on the fine achievements of foreign cultures and enhance the influence of Chinese culture worldwide.4.Stimulate cultural innovation and enhance the vitality of cultural development.The only way to invigorate culture is to promote innovation in its content and form, its structure and mechanism, and its means of dissemination from the high starting point of our times and release and develop its productive forces.We must keep to the orientation of serving the people and socialism, upholdthe principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, and maintain close contact with
使之与当代社会相适应、与现代文明相协调，保持民族性，体现时代性。加强中华优秀文化传统教育，运用现代科技手段开发利用民族文化丰厚资源。加强对各民族文化的挖掘和保护，重视文物和非物质文化遗产保护，做好文化典籍整理工作。加强对外文化交流，吸收各国优秀文明成果，增强中华文化国际影响力。
（四）推进文化创新，增强文化发展活力。在时代的高起点上推动文化内容形式、体制机制、传播手段创新，解放和发展文化生产力，是繁荣文化的必由之路。要坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务的方向和百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针，贴近实际、贴近生活、贴近群众，始终把社会效益放在首位，做到经济效益与社会效益相统一。创作更多反映人民主体地位和现实生活、群众喜闻乐见的优秀精神文化产品。深化文化体制改革，完善扶持公益性文化事业、发展文化产业、鼓励文化创新的政策，营造有利于出精品、出人才、出效益的环境。坚持把发展公益性文化事业作为保障人民基本文化权益的主要途径，加大投入力度，加强社区和乡村文化设施建设。大力发展文化产业，实施重大文化产业项目带动战略，加快文化产业基地和区域性特色文化产业群建设，培育文化产业骨干企业和战略投资者，繁荣文化市场，增强国际竞争力。运用高新技术创新文化生产方式，培育新的文化业态，加快构建传输快捷、覆盖广泛的文化传播体系。设立国家荣誉制度，表彰有杰出贡献的文化工作者。
十七大报告全文英汉对照 reality, life and the public.We must always give top priority to social benefits and try to ensure both good economic returns and social benefits.We must create more excellent, popular works that reflect the people's principal position in the country and their real life.We must deepen cultural restructuring and improve the policies for supporting nonprofit cultural programs, developing the cultural industry and encouraging cultural innovation, so as to create favorable conditions for producing fine works, outstanding personnel and good results.We must continue to develop nonprofit cultural programs as the main approach to ensuring the basic cultural rights and interests of the people, increase spending on such programs, and build more cultural facilities in urban communities and rural areas.We must vigorously develop the cultural industry, launch major projects to lead the industry as a whole, speed up development of cultural industry bases and clusters of cultural industries with regional features, nurture key enterprises and strategic investors, create a thriving cultural market and enhance the industry's international competitiveness.We will use new and high technology to create new ways of producing cultural works, foster new forms of operation in the cultural industry and accelerate the establishment of a dissemination system featuring fast communication and wide coverage.We will establish a national system of honors for outstanding cultural workers.The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will definitely be accompanied by the thriving of Chinese culture.We will give full scope to the principal position of the people in cultural development, arouse the enthusiasm of cultural workers, promote vigorous development and prosperity of culture more conscientiously and actively, and create cultural works in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, so that the people will share in the benefits of cultural development.VIII.Accelerating Social Development with the Focus on Improving People's Livelihood Social development is closely related to the people's well-being.More importance must therefore be
中华民族伟大复兴必然伴随着中华文化繁荣兴盛。要充分发挥人民在文化建设中的主体作用，调动广大文化工作者的积极性，更加自觉、更加主动地推动文化大发展大繁荣，在中国特色社会主义的伟大实践中进行文化创造，让人民共享文化发展成果。
八、加快推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设
社会建设与人民幸福安康息息相关。必须在经济发展的基础上，更加注重社会
十七大报告全文英汉对照 attached to social development on the basis of economic growth to ensure and improve people's livelihood, carry out social restructuring, expand public services, improve social management and promote social equity and justice.We must do our best to ensure that all our people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing, so as to build a harmonious society.1.Give priority to education and turn China into a country rich in human resources.Education is the cornerstone of national rejuvenation, and equal access to education provides an important underpinning for social equity.We must implement the Party's educational policy to the letter, focus on educating students with top priority given to cultivating their moral integrity, improve their overall quality, modernize the educational system, and train socialist builders and successors who have all-round attainments in moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic education.All this is designed to run education to the satisfaction of the people.We will optimize the educational structure, promote balanced development of compulsory education, move faster toward universal access to senior secondary education, vigorously develop vocational education, and improve the quality of higher education.We will also attach importance to pre-school education and care about special education.We will update our views on education and deepen reform in curricula, modes of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality.We will ease the study load of primary and secondary school students and improve their overall quality.We will continue to run education on a nonprofit basis, increase government spending on education, regulate the collection of education-related fees, support the development of education in poverty-stricken and ethnic autonomous areas, improve the system of financial aid to students, and ensure that children from poor families and of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy equal access to compulsory education as other children.We will build up the ranks of teachers, with the emphasis on improving the quality of teachers in rural areas.We will
建设，着力保障和改善民生，推进社会体制改革，扩大公共服务，完善社会管理，促进社会公平正义，努力使全体人民学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居，推动建设和谐社会。
（一）优先发展教育，建设人力资源强国。教育是民族振兴的基石，教育公平是社会公平的重要基础。要全面贯彻党的教育方针，坚持育人为本、德育为先，实施素质教育，提高教育现代化水平，培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人，办好人民满意的教育。优化教育结构，促进义务教育均衡发展，加快普及高中阶段教育，大力发展职业教育，提高高等教育质量。重视学前教育，关心特殊教育。更新教育观念，深化教学内容方式、考试招生制度、质量评价制度等改革，减轻中小学生课业负担，提高学生综合素质。坚持教育公益性质，加大财政对教育投入，规范教育收费，扶持贫困地区、民族地区教育，健全学生资助制度，保障经济困难家庭、进城务工人员子女平等接受义务教育。加强教师队伍建设，重点提高农村教师素质。鼓励和规范社会力量兴办教育。发展远程教育和继续教育，建设全民学习、终身学习的学习型社会。
（二）实施扩大就业的发展战略，促进以创业带动就业。就业是民生之本。要坚持实施积极的就业政策，加强政府引导，完善市场就业机制，扩大就业规模，改善就业结构。完善支持自主创业、自谋职业政策，加强就业观念教育，使更
十七大报告全文英汉对照 encourage and regulate educational programs run by nongovernmental sectors.Distance learning and continuing education will be promoted to make ours a society in which every citizen is committed to learning and pursues lifelong learning.2.Implement a development strategy that promotes job creation and encourage entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities.Employment is vital to people's livelihood.We will continue to follow a proactive employment policy, strengthen government guidance,improve the market mechanism for employment, create more jobs and improve the employment structure.We will improve policies to encourage people to start businesses or find jobs on their own and promote a healthy attitude toward employment so that more people in the labor force will launch their own businesses.We will improve vocational education and training for the labor force and intensify pre-employment training for surplus labor transferred from rural areas.We will establish a unified, standardized labor market and a mechanism that ensures equal employment opportunities for both urban and rural residents.We will improve employment assistance to the needy and make it a priority to help zero-employment families to have job opportunities.We will do our best to help college graduates find jobs.We will regulate and coordinate labor relations, improve and implement government policies concerning rural migrant workers in cities, and protect the rights and interests of every worker in accordance with the law.3.Deepen reform of the income distribution system and increase the income of urban and rural residents.Equitable income distribution is an important indication of social equity.We will adhere to and improve the system whereby distribution according to work remains the predominant mode and coexists with various other modes.We will improve the distribution system to allow factors of production such as labor, capital, technology and managerial expertise to have a rightful share according to their respective contribution.A proper balance will be struck between efficiency and equity in both primary distribution and redistribution, with particular emphasis on equity in
多劳动者成为创业者。健全面向全体劳动者的职业教育培训制度，加强农村富余劳动力转移就业培训。建立统一规范的人力资源市场，形成城乡劳动者平等就业的制度。完善面向所有困难群众的就业援助制度，及时帮助零就业家庭解决就业困难。积极做好高校毕业生就业工作。规范和协调劳动关系，完善和落实国家对农民工的政策，依法维护劳动者权益。
（三）深化收入分配制度改革，增加城乡居民收入。合理的收入分配制度是社会公平的重要体现。要坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度，健全劳动、资本、技术、管理等生产要素按贡献参与分配的制度，初次分配和再分配都要处理好效率和公平的关系，再分配更加注重公平。逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。着力提高低收入者收入，逐步提高扶贫标准和最低工资标准，建立企业职工工资正常增长机制和支付保障机制。创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入。保护合法收入，调节过高收入，取缔非法收入。扩大转移支付，强化税收调节，打破经营垄断，创造机会公平，整顿分配秩序，逐步扭转收入分配差距扩大趋势。
（四）加快建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系，保障人民基本生活。社会保障是社会安定的重要保证。要以社会保险、社会救助、社会福利为基础，以基
十七大报告全文英汉对照 redistribution.We will gradually increase the share of personal income in the distribution of national income, and raise that of work remuneration in primary distribution.Vigorous efforts will be made to raise the income of low-income groups, gradually increase poverty-alleviation aid and the minimum wage, and set up a mechanism of regular pay increases for enterprise employees anda mechanism for guaranteeing payment of their salaries.Conditions will be created to enable more citizens to have property income.We will protect lawful incomes, regulate excessively high incomes and ban illegal gains.We will increase transfer payments, intensify the regulation of incomes through taxation, break business monopolies, create equal opportunities, and overhaul income distribution practices with a view to gradually reversing the growing income disparity.4.Accelerate the establishment of a social security system covering both urban and rural residents and guarantee their basic living conditions.Social security is an important guarantee of social stability.We will step up the building of a sound social security system that is based on social insurance, assistance and welfare, with basic old-age pension, basic medical care and subsistence allowances as its backbone, and supplemented by charity and commercial insurance.We will promote reform of basic old-age insurance systems in enterprises, Party and government organs and public institutions and explore ways to set up an old-age insurance system in rural areas.We will promote the development of basic medical insurance systems for urban workers and residents and a new type of cooperative medical care system in rural areas.We will improve the system of subsistence allowances for both urban and rural residents and gradually increase such allowances.We will improve the systems of unemployment, workers' compensation and maternity insurances.We will upgrade management of social security funds to higher-level authorities and work out unified methods fortransferring social security accounts nationwide.We will provide more social security funds through various means and strengthen their oversight and management to maintain and increase their value.We will improve
本养老、基本医疗、最低生活保障制度为重点，以慈善事业、商业保险为补充，加快完善社会保障体系。促进企业、机关、事业单位基本养老保险制度改革，探索建立农村养老保险制度。全面推进城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险、新型农村合作医疗制度建设。完善城乡居民最低生活保障制度，逐步提高保障水平。完善失业、工伤、生育保险制度。提高统筹层次，制定全国统一的社会保险关系转续办法。采取多种方式充实社会保障基金，加强基金监管，实现保值增值。健全社会救助体系。做好优抚安置工作。发扬人道主义精神，发展残疾人事业。加强老龄工作。强化防灾减灾工作。健全廉租住房制度，加快解决城市低收入家庭住房困难。
（五）建立基本医疗卫生制度，提高全民健康水平。健康是人全面发展的基础，关系千家万户幸福。要坚持公共医疗卫生的公益性质，坚持预防为主、以农村为重点、中西医并重，实行政事分开、管办分开、医药分开、营利性和非营利性分开，强化政府责任和投入，完善国民健康政策，鼓励社会参与，建设覆盖城乡居民的公共卫生服务体系、医疗服务体系、医疗保障体系、药品供应保障体系，为群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务。完善重大疾病防控体系，提高突发公共卫生事件应急处置能力。加强农村三级卫生服务网络和城市社区卫生服务体系建设，深化公立医院改革。建立国家基本药物制度，保证群众基本用药。扶持中医药和民族医药事业发展。加强医德医风建
十七大报告全文英汉对照 social assistance.We will do a good job providing special assistance to families of martyrs and servicemen and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will promote programs for the disabled in a humanitarian spirit.We will develop more programs for the elderly.We will intensify our efforts in disaster prevention and reduction.We will improve the low-rent housing system and speed up resolution of the housing difficulties of low-income families in urban areas.5.Establish a basic medical and health care system and improve the health of the whole nation.Health provides the foundation for people's all-round development and has a direct bearing on the happiness of each family.We must maintain the public welfare nature of public medical and health care services, always put disease prevention first, center on rural areas and attach equal importance to traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.We will separate government administration from medical institutions, management from operation, medical care from pharmaceuticals, and for-profit from nonprofit operations.We will increase government responsibilities and spending, improve the national health policy, and encourage greater participation of nongovernmental sectors so as to develop systems of public health services, medical services, medical security and medicine supply to provide both urban and rural residents with safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health services.We will improve the system to prevent and control the outbreak of major diseases and enhance our capacity to respond to public health emergencies.We will improve the three-tier rural health care network spanning the county, township and village and the urban community-based health care system, and deepen reform of public hospitals.We will set up a national system for basic pharmaceuticals to ensure their supply.We will support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the folk medicines of ethnic minorities.We will work harder to improve the professional ethics and style of work of health workers and the quality of medical services.We must ensure food and drug safety.We will adhere to the basic state
设，提高医疗服务质量。确保食品药品安全。坚持计划生育的基本国策，稳定低生育水平，提高出生人口素质。开展爱国卫生运动，发展妇幼卫生事业。
（六）完善社会管理，维护社会安定团结。社会稳定是人民群众的共同心愿，是改革发展的重要前提。要健全党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与的社会管理格局，健全基层社会管理体制。最大限度激发社会创造活力，最大限度增加和谐因素，最大限度减少不和谐因素。妥善处理人民内部矛盾，完善信访制度，健全党和政府主导的维护群众权益机制。重视社会组织建设和管理。加强流动人口服务和管理。坚持安全发展，强化安全生产管理和监督，有效遏制重特大安全事故。完善突发事件应急管理机制。健全社会治安防控体系，加强社会治安综合治理，深入开展平安创建活动，改革和加强城乡社区警务工作，依法防范和打击违法犯罪活动，保障人民生命财产安全。完善国家安全战略，健全国家安全体制，高度警惕和坚决防范各种分裂、渗透、颠覆活动，切实维护国家安全。
和谐社会要靠全社会共同建设。我们要紧紧依靠人民，调动一切积极因素，努力形成社会和谐人人有责、和谐社会人
十七大报告全文英汉对照 policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low and make the newborns healthier.We will launch patriotic sanitation campaigns and develop health care programs for women and children.6.Improve social management and safeguard social stability and unity.Social stability is the common aspiration of the people and an important prerequisite for reform and development.We need to improve the structure of social management comprising Party committee leadership, government responsibility, nongovernmental support and public participation, and improve the system of social management at the primary level.We will stimulate the creativity of society to the greatest extent, maximize factors conducive to harmony and minimize those detrimental to it.We will properly handle contradictions among the people, improve the system for handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public, and strengthen the mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of the people in which the Party and the government play the leading role.We will attach importance to the development and management of social organizations.We will improve services for and management of the floating population.We must ensure safe development by strengthening management and oversight of work safety and taking effective measures to prevent serious or exceptionally serious accidents.We will improve the mechanism of emergency management.We will improvethe crime prevention and control system, maintain law and order through comprehensive measures, launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security, reform and step up community policing in both urban and rural areas, and prevent and crack down on crime in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property.We will improve the strategy and mechanism for national security, and keep high vigilance against and resolutely forestall separatist, infiltrative and subversive activities in various forms to safeguard national security.It requires joint efforts of the whole society to build a harmonious society.We must therefore rely firmly on the people and mobilize all positive factors to create a lively situation in which everyone is duty-bound to
人共享的生动局面。
十七大报告全文英汉对照 work for and benefits from social harmony.IX.Opening Up New Prospects for Modernization of National Defense and the Armed Forces To strengthen national defense and the armed forces occupies an important place in the overall arrangements for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Bearing in mind the overall strategic interests of national security and development, we must take both economic and national defense development into consideration and make our country prosperous and our armed forces powerful while building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.For the armed forces to fully carry out the historical missions assigned by the Party and the people at this new stage in the new century, we must always follow the guidance of Mao Zedong's military thinking, Deng Xiaoping's thinking on building the armed forces in the new period and Jiang Zemin's thinking on building national defense and the armed forces, and take the Scientific Outlook on Development as an important guiding principle for strengthening national defense and the armed forces.We must implement the military strategy for the new period, accelerate the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics, ensure military preparedness, and enhance the military's capability to respond to various security threats and accomplish diverse military tasks.We are determined to safeguard China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and help maintain world peace.To make the armed forces more revolutionary, modernized and standardized is an integrated endeavor, and balanced progress must be made in all the three aspects.We must always adhere to the fundamental principle of the Party exercising absolute leadership over the armed forces and the fundamental purpose of the armed forces serving the people.We will educate the military in its historical missions, ideals, beliefs, combat-ready spirit and the socialist maxims of honor and disgrace, and ensure that it carries forward its fine traditions of following the Party's orders, serving the people and fighting valiantly and skillfully.We must build strong armed
九、开创国防和军队现代化建设新局面
国防和军队建设，在中国特色社会主义事业总体布局中占有重要地位。必须站在国家安全和发展战略全局的高度，统筹经济建设和国防建设，在全面建设小康社会进程中实现富国和强军的统一。
全面履行党和人民赋予的新世纪新阶段军队历史使命，必须坚持以毛泽东军事思想、邓小平新时期军队建设思想、江泽民国防和军队建设思想为指导，把科学发展观作为国防和军队建设的重要指导方针，贯彻新时期军事战略方针，加快中国特色军事变革，做好军事斗争准备，提高军队应对多种安全威胁、完成多样化军事任务的能力，坚决维护国家主权、安全、领土完整，为维护世界和平贡献力量。
军队革命化、现代化、正规化建设是统一的整体，必须全面加强、协调推进。要始终坚持党对军队绝对领导的根本原则和人民军队的根本宗旨，深入进行军队历史使命、理想信念、战斗精神和社会主义荣辱观教育，大力弘扬听党指挥、服务人民、英勇善战的优良传统。坚持科技强军，按照建设信息化军队、打赢信息化战争的战略目标，加快机械化和信息化复合发展，积极开展信息化条件下军事训练，全面建设现代后勤，加紧培养大批高素质新型军事人才，切实转变战斗力生成模式。坚持依法治军、从严治军，完善军事法规，加强科学管理。
十七大报告全文英汉对照 forces through science and technology.To attain the strategic objective of building computerized armed forces and winning IT-based warfare, we will accelerate composite development of mechanization and computerization, carry out military training under IT-based conditions, modernize every aspect of logistics, intensify our efforts to train a new type of high-caliber military personnel in large numbers and change the mode of generating combat capabilities.We must run the armed forces in accordance with the law, enforce strict discipline, improve relevant laws and regulations and strengthen scientific management.In keeping with the new trends in world military affairs and the new requirements of China's development, we must promote innovation in military theory, technology, organization and management.We will adjust and reform the structure, staffing, policies and institutions of the armed forces to gradually develop a complete set of scientific modes of organization, institutions and ways of operation with Chinese characteristics and in conformity with the laws governing the development of modern armed forces.We will adjust and reform the systems of defense-related science, technology and industry and of weapons and equipment procurement, and enhance our capacity for independent innovation in R&D of weapons and equipment with better quality and cost-effectiveness.We will establish sound systems of weapons and equipment research and manufacturing, military personnel training and logistics that integrate military with civilian purposes and combine military efforts with civilian support, build the armed forces through diligence and thrift, and blaze a path of development with Chinese characteristics featuring military and civilian integration.We will enrich and develop military sciences by carefully studying the features and laws of building and running the armed forces and the strategies and tactics for people's war under the new historical conditions.We will raise the people's awareness of national defense, strengthen national defense mobilization by improving the mobilization system, and enhance the quality of the reserves and the militia.We will
适应世界军事发展新趋势和我国发展新要求，推进军事理论、军事技术、军事组织、军事管理创新。调整改革军队体制编制和政策制度，逐步形成一整套既有中国特色又符合现代军队建设规律的科学的组织模式、制度安排和运作方式。调整改革国防科技工业体制和武器装备采购体制，提高武器装备研制的自主创新能力和质量效益。建立和完善军民结合、寓军于民的武器装备科研生产体系、军队人才培养体系和军队保障体系，坚持勤俭建军，走出一条中国特色军民融合式发展路子。深入研究新的历史条件下建军治军特点规律和人民战争战略战术，繁荣和发展军事科学。
增强全民国防观念，完善国防动员体系，加强国防动员建设，提高预备役部队和民兵建设质量。加强人民武装警察部队建设，更好履行维护国家安全和社会稳定、保障人民安居乐业的职责使命。坚持拥军优属、拥政爱民，积极开展军民共建，巩固军政军民团结。各级党组织、政府和人民群众要一如既往支持国防和军队建设，军队要继续为经济社会发展作贡献。
十七大报告全文英汉对照 strengthen the People's Armed Police so that it can better fulfill its duties of safeguarding national security and social stability and ensuring that the people live and work in peace.We must ensure that the government and the people support the military and give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs, and that the military supports the government and cherishes the people.We will energetically encourage the military and the people to work together to promote cultural and ethical progress, and consolidate the solidarity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.Party organizations and governments at all levels and the general public will, as always, support efforts to strengthen national defense and the armed forces, and the military will continue to contribute to economic and social development.X.Carrying Forward the Practice of “One Country, Two Systems” and Advancing the Great Cause of Peaceful National Reunification Since the return of Hong Kong and Macao to the motherland, more and more experience has been gained in putting into practicethe principle of “one country, two systems.” The principle is perfectly correct and full of vigor.To realize China's peaceful reunification on this principle accords with the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.A major task the Party faces in running the country in the new circumstances is to ensure long-term prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao.We will unswervingly implement the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and act in strict accordance with the basic laws of the two special administrative regions.We will render full support to the governments of the two regions in their administration in accordance with the law and in their efforts to promote economic growth, improve people's lives and advance democracy.We encourage people from all walks of life in Hong Kong and Macao to work with one accord to promote social amity under the banner of love for the motherland and devotion to their
十、推进“一国两制”实践和祖国和平统一大业
香港、澳门回归祖国以来，“一国两制”实践日益丰富。“一国两制”是完全正确的，具有强大生命力。按照“一国两制”实现祖国和平统一，符合中华民族根本利益。
保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定是党在新形势下治国理政面临的重大课题。我们将坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，严格按照特别行政区基本法办事；全力支持特别行政区政府依法施政，着力发展经济、改善民生、推进民主；鼓励香港、澳门各界人士在爱国爱港、爱国爱澳旗帜下和衷共济，促进社会和睦；加强内地与香港、澳门交流合作，实现优势互补、共同发展；积极支持香港、澳门开展对外交往，坚决反对外部势力干预香港、澳门事务。香港同胞、澳门同胞完全有智慧有能力管理好、建设好香港、澳门，香港、澳门已经并将继续为国家现代化建设发挥重要作用，伟大祖国永远是香港、澳门繁荣稳定的坚强后
十七大报告全文英汉对照 respective regions.We will increase exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and the two regions so that they can draw on each other's strengths and develop side by side.We will actively support the two regions in their external exchanges and firmly oppose attempts by any external force to interfere in their affairs.Our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao, without doubt, have the wisdom and ability to successfully administer and develop their regions.Both regions have played and will continue to play an important role in China's modernization drive, and the great motherland will always provide them with strong backing for their prosperity and stability.To resolve the Taiwan question and achieve complete national reunification is a common aspiration of all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation.We will uphold the principle of “peaceful reunification and one country, two systems” and the eight-point proposal for developing the relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and advancing the process of peaceful national reunification in the present stage.We will never waver in our commitment to the one-China principle, never abandon our efforts to achieve peaceful reunification, never change the policy of placing our hopes on the people in Taiwan and never compromise in our opposition to the secessionist activities aimed at “Taiwan independence.” With a firm grasp of the theme of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, we will sincerely work for the well-being of our compatriots on both sides of the Straits and for peace in the Taiwan Straits region, and safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.Upholding the one-China principle constitutes the political basis for peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.Although the mainland and Taiwan are yet to be reunified, the fact that they belong to one and the same China has never changed.China is the common homeland for the compatriots on both sides of the Straits, who have every reason to join hands to safeguard and develop this homeland.We are ready to conduct exchanges, dialogue, consultations and negotiations with any political party in Taiwan on any issue as long as it recognizes that both sides of the
盾。
解决台湾问题、实现祖国完全统一，是全体中华儿女的共同心愿。我们将遵循“和平统一、一国两制”的方针和现阶段发展两岸关系、推进祖国和平统一进程的八项主张，坚持一个中国原则决不动摇，争取和平统一的努力决不放弃，贯彻寄希望于台湾人民的方针决不改变，反对“台独”分裂活动决不妥协，牢牢把握两岸关系和平发展的主题，真诚为两岸同胞谋福祉、为台海地区谋和平，维护国家主权和领土完整，维护中华民族根本利益。
坚持一个中国原则，是两岸关系和平发展的政治基础。尽管两岸尚未统一，但大陆和台湾同属一个中国的事实从未改变。中国是两岸同胞的共同家园，两岸同胞理应携手维护好、建设好我们的共同家园。台湾任何政党，只要承认两岸同属一个中国，我们都愿意同他们交流对话、协商谈判，什么问题都可以谈。我们郑重呼吁，在一个中国原则的基础上，协商正式结束两岸敌对状态，达成和平协议，构建两岸关系和平发展框架，开创两岸关系和平发展新局面。
十三亿大陆同胞和两千三百万台湾同胞是血脉相连的命运共同体。凡是对台湾同胞有利的事情，凡是对维护台海和平有利的事情，凡是对促进祖国和平统一有利的事情，我们都会尽最大努力做
十七大报告全文英汉对照 Straits belong to one and the same China.Here we would like to make a solemn appeal: On the basis of the one-China principle, let us discuss a formal end to the state of hostility between the two sides, reach a peace agreement, construct a framework for peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and thus usher in a new phase of peaceful development.The 1.3 billion people on the mainland and the 23 million people in Taiwan are of the same blood and share a common destiny.We will make every effort to achieve anything that serves the interests of our Taiwan compatriots, contributes to the maintenance of peace in the Taiwan Straits region, and facilitates peaceful national reunification.We understand, trust and care about our compatriots in Taiwan, and we will, therefore, continue to implement and enrich the policies and measures that benefit them, protect their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law, and support economic development on the west shore of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.The compatriots on both sides of the Straits need to increase contacts, strengthen economic and cultural exchanges in more areas and at higher levels and push for the resumption of direct links of mail, transport and trade, so that they will develop greater empathy and closer cooperation and work together for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.At present, the forces for “Taiwan independence” are stepping up their secessionist activities, seriously jeopardizing the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.The compatriots on both sides need to work together to oppose and contain such activities.China's sovereignty and territorial integrity brook no division, and any matter in this regard must be decided by the entire Chinese people including our Taiwan compatriots.We are willing to make every effort with the utmost sincerity to achieve peaceful reunification of the two sides, and will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan from the motherland in any name or by any means.The two sides of the Straits are bound to be reunified in the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.With close solidarity and concerted efforts of all
好。我们理解、信赖、关心台湾同胞，将继续实施和充实惠及广大台湾同胞的政策措施，依法保护台湾同胞的正当权益，支持海峡西岸和其他台商投资相对集中地区经济发展。两岸同胞要加强交往，加强经济文化交流，继续拓展领域、提高层次，推动直接“三通”，使彼此感情更融洽、合作更深化，为实现中华民族伟大复兴而共同努力。
当前，“台独”分裂势力加紧进行分裂活动，严重危害两岸关系和平发展。两岸同胞要共同反对和遏制“台独”分裂活动。中国主权和领土完整不容分割。任何涉及中国主权和领土完整的问题，必须由包括台湾同胞在内的全中国人民共同决定。我们愿以最大诚意、尽最大努力实现两岸和平统一，绝不允许任何人以任何名义任何方式把台湾从祖国分割出去。
两岸统一是中华民族走向伟大复兴的历史必然。海内外中华儿女紧密团结、共同奋斗，祖国完全统一就一定能够实现。
十七大报告全文英汉对照
第四篇：2008年政府工作报告下载(中英文)
11届人大1次会议政府工作报告(全文)
国务院总理 温家宝
各位代表：现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告本届政府过去五年的工作，对今年工作提出建议，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
一，过去五年的回顾
第十届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年，是不平凡的五年。在中国共产党的领导下，各级政府和全国各族人民认真贯彻党的十六大精神，齐心协力，顽强拼搏，积极应对复杂多变的国际环境，努力克服经济社会发展中的各种困难，战胜了突如其来的严重非典疫情和历史罕见的低温雨雪冰冻等特大自然灾害，改革开放和现代化建设取得了举世瞩目的重大成就。
——经济建设跨上新台阶。2007年，国内生产总值达到24.66万亿元，比2002年增长65.5%，年均增长10.6%，从世界第六位上升到第四位；
全国财政收入达到5.13万亿元，增长1.71倍；外汇储备超过1.52万亿美元。
——取消农业税，终结了农民种田交税的历史。全国粮食连续四年增产，2007年产量超过1万亿斤。
——国有企业、金融、财税、外经贸体制和行政管理体制等改革迈出重大步伐。开放型经济进入新阶段。2007年进出口总额达到2.17万亿美元，从世界第六位上升到第三位。
——创新型国家建设进展良好，涌现出一批具有重大国际影响的科技创新成果。载人航天飞行和首次月球探测工程圆满成功。
——全面实现农村免费义务教育，这是我国教育发展史上的重要里程碑。覆盖城乡的公共卫生体系和基本医疗服务体系初步建立。
——城乡公共文化体系逐步完善。文化体制改革取得重要进展，文化事业和文化产业快速发展。上海特奥会成功举办。北京奥运会、残奥会和上海世博会筹备工作进展顺利。
——民主法制建设取得新进步，依法行政扎实推进，保障人民权益和维护社会公平正义得到加强。
——人民生活明显改善。五年全国新增城镇就业5100万人。城镇居民人均可支配收入由2002年7703元增加到2007年13786元，农村居民人均纯收入由2476元增加到4140元。社会保障体系框架初步形成。贫困人口逐年减少。
事实充分说明，过去的五年是改革开放和全面建设小康社会取得重大进展的五年，是社会生产力和综合国力显著增强的五年，是社会事业全面发展和人民得到更多实惠的五年，是我国国际地位和影响不断提高的五年。
五年来，我们树立和落实科学发展观，着力发展经济、深化改革开放、保障和改善民生，促进社会和谐，付出了巨大努力，做了大量工作。
(一)加强和改善宏观调控，促进经济平稳快速发展
我们围绕解决经济运行中的突出矛盾，注重宏观调控的预见性、及时性和有效性。几年来，针对固定资产投资增长过快、货币信贷投放过多、外贸顺差过大，以及农业基础薄弱等经济发展中的不稳定、不协调、不可持续的问题，严把土地、信贷两个闸门，提高市场准入门槛，适时调整财政政策、货币政策，完善产业政策和土地政策，调整经济结构，加强薄弱环节。根据形势的变化，多次及时调整金融机构存款准备金率、存贷款基准利率，取消或降低高耗能、高排放和资源性产品的出口退税。这些宏观调控措施取得明显成效，经济连续五年保持平稳快速发展，没有出现大的起落。
我们从加强农业基础入手，把促进粮食增产和农民增收作为首要任务，在制度、政策和投入方面采取一系列重大举措。全部取消了农业税、牧业税和特产税，每年减轻农民负担1335亿元。同时，建立农业补贴制度，对农民实行粮食直补、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴和农业生产资料综合补贴，对产粮大县和财政困难县乡实行奖励补助。
大幅度增加对农业农村投入，中央财政用于“三农”的支出五年累计1.6万亿元，其中用于农村基础设施建设近3000亿元，地方也较多增加了投入。五年新增节水灌溉面积1亿亩、新增沼气用户1650万户、新建改建农村公路130万公里，解决了9748万农村人口饮水困难和饮水安全问题，建立了重大动物疫病防控体系，防止了高致病性禽流感等疫情的蔓延。
这些措施，极大地调动了农民的积极性，有力地推动了社会主义新农村建设，农村发生了历史性变化，亿万农民由衷地感到高兴。农业的发展，为整个经济社会的稳定和发展发挥了重要作用。
我们制定了国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，对2006到2020年的科技发展作出全面部署，启动一批重大专项。这对增强自主创新能力，推进创新型国家建设，有着重要而深远的影响。
基础科学和前沿技术研究得到加强，取得高性能计算机、第三代移动通信、超级杂交水稻等一批重大创新成果，形成了一批具有自主知识产权和市场竞争力的产品。五年中央财政用于科技的投入达到3406亿元。全社会研究与实验发展经费，从2002年1288亿元增加到2007年的3664亿元，占国内生产总值的比重从1.07%提高到1.49%。以企业为主体的技术创新体系建设取得重要进展。科技创新支撑和引领经济社会发展的能力明显增强。
我们制定和实施一系列产业政策和专项规划，促进产业结构的优化升级。信息、生物、航空航天、新能源、新材料、海洋等高新技术产业加快发展。振兴装备制造业的成效显著。旅游、金融、物流等现代服务业蓬勃发展。基础设施基础产业建设取得长足进展，一批重大的工程相继建成或者顺利推进。
青藏铁路提前一年建成通车，三峡工程防洪、发电、航运等综合效益全面发挥，西电东送、西气东输全面投产，南水北调工程进展顺利，溪洛渡水电站、红沿河核电站、京沪高速铁路和千万吨级炼油厂、百万吨级乙烯等重大项目陆续开工建设。五年新增电力装机3.5亿千瓦，是1950年到2002年53年的总和；新增公路19.2万公里，其中高速公路2.8万公里；新增铁路营运里程6100公里；建成万吨级以上泊位568个；新增电信用户4.94亿户，有效地改善了能源交通通信的状况，增强了经济社会发展的后劲。
我们高度重视资源节约和环境保护。“十一五”规划要把节能和减排作为约束性目标。近两年，又提出并实施节能减排综合性工作方案，建立节能减排指标体系、监测体系、考核体系和目标责任制，颁布了应对气候变化国家方案。依法淘汰一大批落后生产能力，关停小火电2157万千瓦、小煤矿1.12万处，淘汰落后炼铁产能4659万吨、炼钢产能3747万吨、水泥产能8700万吨。启动了十大重点节能工程。
燃煤电厂脱硫工程取得突破性的进展。中央政府投资支持重点流域水污染防治项目691个。继续推进天然林保护、京津风沙源治理等生态建设，五年累计退耕还林、植树造林4.79亿亩，退牧还草5.19亿亩。加强土地和水资源保护，五年整理复垦开发补充耕地2289万亩。
经过各方面的努力，节能减排取得积极进展，2007年单位国内生产总值能耗比上年下降3.27%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放总量近年来首次出现双下降，比上年分别下降3.14%和4.66%。节约资源和保护环境从认识到实践都发生了重要转变。
我们实施区域发展总体战略。西部大开发继续推进，五年中央财政支持重点建设投资2800多亿元，基础设施和生态环境建设取得明显进展，重点地区和特色优势产业加快发展。制定和实施振兴东北地区等老工业基地战略，大型的粮食基地建设不断加强，国有企业改革改组改造取得突破性的进展，重大技术装备国产化成效显著，资源型城市经济转型试点进展顺利，老工业基地焕发出新的生机和活力。
制定和实施促进中部地区崛起政策措施，粮食主产区现代农业建设步伐加快，重要能源原材料工业、装备制造业和综合交通运输体系进一步发展。东部地区继续率先发展，经济实力和整体素质显著提升。经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区开发开放加快推进。这些重大举措，促进了区域经济合理布局和协调发展。
(二)大力推进改革开放，注重制度建设和创新
全面深化农村改革。以乡镇机构、农村义务教育和县乡财政管理体制改革为主要内容的农村综合改革，取得阶段性的重要成果。放开粮食收购市场，实现了粮食购销市场化。集体林权制度改革进行了成功的探索。供销合作社、国有农场等改革进展顺利。
坚持完善基本经济制度。巩固和发展公有制经济，推进国有资产管理体制改革和国有经济布局与结构调整，建立和完善国有资产出资人制度。加快国有企业股份制改革，一批具有国际竞争力的大公司大企业集团发展壮大。邮政体制改革顺利进行，电力、电信、民航、铁路等行业改革取得积极进展。
2006年，全国国有企业资产总额比2002年增长60.98%，实现利润增长2.23倍，税收增长1.05倍。国有经济活力、控制力和影响力明显增强。制定和实施一系列政策措施，进一步营造公平竞争的法制环境和市场环境，鼓励、支持和引导个体私营等非公有制经济发展。非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业、增加税收和活跃市场等方面，发挥着越来越大的作用。
大力推进金融、财税体制改革。针对国有商业银行经营管理不善、金融风险加剧的状况，我们果断地推进了改革。中国工商银行、中国银行、中国建设银行和交通银行完成股份制改造并成功上市，资产质量和盈利的能力明显提高，银行业发生了重大变化。坚定地进行上市公司股权分置改革，解决了长期困扰证券市场发展的制度性问题。重点国有保险企业重组改制上市，促进了保险业迅速发展。
利率市场化改革迈出实质性步伐。实施人民币汇率形成机制的改革，汇率弹性逐步增强。外汇管理体制改革全面推进。财税体制改革进一步深化，财政转移支付制度和公共财政制度逐步完善。2003年到2007年，中央财政对地方的转移支付累计4.25万亿元，87%用于支持中西部地区。在部分企业试行国有资本经营预算制度。启动和扩大增值税转型改革试点。统一内外资企业所得税制度。建立国家统一的职务与级别相结合的公务员工资制度，初步规范了津贴补贴制度。投资体制改革和价格改革取得新进展。
加强市场体系建设。生产要素市场化的程度稳步提高。商品流通现代化的步伐加快。产品质量和食品药品的安全专项整治取得明显成效，保护知识产权力度加大，严厉打击了制假售假、非法传销、商业欺诈、盗版侵权等违法犯罪活动。
坚持扩大对方开放。我们认真履行加入世界贸易组织各项承诺，积极做好过渡期的各项工作。深化涉外经济体制改革，促进贸易投资便利化。放开外贸经营权，大幅度地降低关税，取消进口配额、许可证等非关税措施，金融、商业、电信等服务业的开放不断扩大。进出口商品结构逐步优化。利用外资的质量进一步提高。实施“走出去”战略迈出坚实步伐，对外经济互利合作取得明显成效。
(三)全面加强社会建设，切实保障和改善民生
我们坚持统筹经济社会发展，加快教育、卫生、文化、体育等社会事业发展和改革，积极解决涉及人民群众切身利益的问题。
在教育方面。全国财政用于教育支出五年累计2.43万亿元，比前五年增长1.26倍。农村义务教育已全面纳入财政保障的范围，对全国农村义务教育阶段学生全部免除学杂费、全部免费提供教科书，对家庭经济困难寄宿生提供生活补助，使1.5亿的学生和780万名家庭经济困难的寄宿生受益。
西部地区基本普及九年义务教育、基本扫除青壮年文盲攻坚计划如期完成。国家安排专项资金支持2.2万多所农村中小学改造危房、建设7000多所寄宿制学校，远程教育已覆盖36万所农村中小学，更多的农村学生享受到优质教育资源。更加重视职业教育发展，2007年中、高等职业教育在校生分别达到2000万人和861万人。普通高等教育本科生和研究生的规模达到1144万人。高校重点学科建设继续加强。建设健全普通本科高校、高等和中等职业学校国家奖学金助学金制度，中央财政此项支出从2006年的20.5亿元增加到去年的98亿元，高校资助面超过了20%，中等职业学校资助面超过了90%，资助标准大幅度提高。2007年开始在教育部直属师范大学实施师范生免费教育试点。我们在实现教育公平上迈出了重大的步伐。
深入实施人才强国战略，大力培养、积极引进和合理使用各类人才，高层次、高技能的人才队伍不断壮大。在卫生方面。全国财政用于医疗卫生的支出五年累计6294亿元，比前五年增长1.27倍。重点加强公共卫生、医疗服务和医疗保障体系建设，覆盖城乡、功能比较齐全的疾病预防控制和应急医疗救治体系基本建成。国家规划免疫预防的疾病由7种扩大到15种，对艾滋病、结核病、血吸虫病等重大传染病患者实施免费救治。
国家安排资金改造和新建1.88万所乡镇卫生院、786所县医院、285所县中医医院和534所县妇幼保健医院，为1.17万个乡镇卫生院配置了医疗设备，农村医疗卫生条件明显改善。全国建立了2.4万多个社区卫生服务机构，新型的城市医疗卫生服务体系进一步健全。人口和计划生育事业取得新进展，低生育水平继续保持稳定。
人民健康水平不断提高，婴儿死亡率和孕产妇的死亡率明显下降，2005年人均期望寿命达到73岁，对于我们这样一个有13亿人口的发展中国家是了不起的成就。
在就业方面。坚持实施和完善积极的就业政策，从财税、金融等方面加大支持力度，中央财政安排就业补助资金五年累计666亿元。城乡公共就业服务体系建设进一步加强。统筹做好就业再就业工作，全面加强职业技能培训，平均每年城镇新增就业1000多万人、农村劳动力转移就业800万人。基本解决国有企业下岗职工再就业的问题，完成下岗职工基本生活保障向失业保险的并轨。在劳动力总量增加较多、就业压力很大的情况下，保持了就业形势的基本稳定。
在社会保障方面。全国财政用于社会保障的支出五年累计1.95万亿元，比前五年增长了1.41倍。城镇职工基本养老保险制度不断完善，2007年参保人数突破了两亿人，比2002年增加了5400多万人；做实基本养老保险个人账户试点扩大到11个省份；从2005年开始连续三年提高企业退休人员基本养老标准。中央财政五年累计补助养老保险专项资金3295亿元。
2007年城镇职工基本医疗保险参保人数达到1.8亿人，比2002年增加近1倍；88个城市启动了城镇居民基本医疗保险的试点；新型农村合作医疗制度不断完善，已经扩大到全国86%的县，参合农民达到了7.3亿人。全国社会保障基金累计4140亿元，比2002年增加了2898亿元。城乡社会救助体系基本建立。城市居民最低生活保障制度不断完善，保障标准和补助水平逐步提高。2007年在全国农村全面建立最低生活保障制度，3451.9万农村居民纳入了保障的范围。
这是保障城乡困难群众基本生活的一项根本性的制度建设。社会福利、优抚安置、慈善和残疾人事业取得新进展。抗灾救灾工作全面加强，中央财政五年支出551亿元，受灾群众生产生活得到妥善安排。
在文化和体育方面。全国财政用于文化体育事业支出五年累计3104亿元，比前五年增长1.3倍。县乡两级公共文化服务体系初步形成，基本实现了县县有图书馆、文化馆。全国文化信息资源共享工程、广播电视村村通工程等基层文化设施建设扎实推进。哲学社会科学和新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术进一步繁荣。文物和非物质文化遗产保护得到加强。对外文化交流更加活跃。城乡公共体育设施建设加快，群众性体育蓬勃发展，体育健儿在国际大赛中取得优异成绩。
在居民收入和消费方面。努力增加城乡居民特别是低收入居民收入。调高最低工资标准；基本解决拖欠农民工工资的问题；四次提高重点优抚对象的抚恤补助标准，统筹解决退役军人实际的困难。降低居民储蓄存款利息税率，提高个人所得税起征点。家庭财产普遍增多。居民消费结构升级加快，家用汽车大幅度增加，移动电话、计算机、互联网快速普及，旅游人数成倍增长。住房条件进一步改善，棚户区的改造取得积极进展。城乡居民享有的公共服务明显增多。
在社会管理方面。着力维护人民群众合法权益，积极化解社会矛盾。制定并实施保障农民工合法权益的政策措施。努力解决土地征收征用、房屋拆迁、企业改制、环境保护等方面损害群众利益的问题。信访工作不断加强。高度重视安全生产工作，健全安全监管体制，落实安全生产责任制，加强安全生产法制建设。社会治安防控体系更加健全，综合治理工作进一步加强。依法打击各类犯罪活动，有效维护了国家安全和社会稳定。
在经济快速发展和财力明显增加的情况下，用很大力量解决了一些长期遗留的历史问题。剥离和处置国有商业银行不良资产，置换农村信用社不良贷款和历年亏损挂帐，化解国有企业历史债务，逐步解决国有粮食企业政策性亏损挂账，还清出口退税欠款，完善大中型水库征地补偿和移民后期扶持政策等。这些问题的解决对于经济社会发展起到了重要作用。
五年来，我们在民主法制建设、国防和军队建设、港澳台工作和外交等方面，也取得了重要进展。
稳步推进社会主义民主法制建设。各级政府自觉接受同级人民代表大会及其常委会的监督，主动接受人民政协的民主监督，认真听取民主党派、工商联、无党派人士、人民团体的意见，通过多种形式征求专家学者和人民群众的建议，接受新闻媒体和社会各界的监督。实行重大事项决策公示和听证制度。
加强城乡基层自治组织建设，基层民主管理制度进一步健全。五年国务院共向全国人大常委会提交39件法律议案，制定、修订137件行政法规。探索建立公众有序参与政府立法的机制和制度，有15部法律草案和行政法规草案向社会公开征求意见。全面清理了现行的行政法规和规章。贯彻民族区域自治法，推进民族团结进步事业。全面落实宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事务管理走向法制化、规范化。全面落实侨务政策，依法保护海外侨胞和归侨眷属的合法权益。
全面加强军队现代化建设。积极推进中国特色军事变革。调整改革军队体制编制和政策制度，裁减军队员额20万的任务顺利完成。国防和军队建设取得历史性成就。人民解放军和人民武装警察部队为维护国家主权、安全、领土完整和促进社会和谐稳定作出了重大贡献。
坚持“一国两制”方针，严格按照香港特别行政区基本法和澳门特别行政区基本法办事。实施内地与香港、澳门建立更紧密经贸关系安排。香港、澳门保持繁荣稳定。
坚决反对和遏制“台独”分裂活动，捍卫国家主权与领土完整，维护台海和平。实施一系列有利于人员往来和经济科技教育文化体育交流的措施，促进了两岸关系和平稳定发展。
积极开展对外交往与合作，全方位外交取得重大进展，坚定地维护和发展了国家利益。我国同主要大国加强了对话，增进了信任，扩大了合作。中美关系稳定发展，中俄战略协作伙伴关系提高到新水平，中欧全面合作日益深化，中日关系得到改善，同周边国家睦邻友好关系进一步加强，区域合作取得新成果，同发展中国家的团结合作开创了新局面。成功举办一系列重大多边外交活动。妥善应对国际上各种新挑战，积极负责地参与解决全球性的问题，在解决国际和地区热点问题上发挥着重要的建设性作用。
五年来，我们始终重视政府自身改革和建设。本届政府把实行科学民主决策、推进依法行政、加强行政监督作为政府工作的三项基本准则。制定全面推进依法行政实施纲要，推动政府职能转变和管理创新，强化了社会管理和公共服务。认真贯彻实施行政许可法，推进行政审批制度改革，国务院各部门取消和调整行政审批项目692项。推进政务公开，完善新闻发布制度，加强电子政务建设。全国应急管理体系基本建立。监察、审计等专门监督工作卓有成效。公务员教育培训和管理法制化进一步加强。坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争和加强政风建设，治理商业贿赂工作取得良好成效，依法查出违法违规案件和失职渎职的行为，惩处腐败分子。
过去五年，我们在丰富实践中积累了许多宝贵经验，主要体会是：
第一，必须坚持解放思想。解放思想、实事求是是我们党的思想路线。只有坚持一切从实际出发，破除迷信，敢于冲破不合时宜的观念束缚，尊重群众首创精神，大胆探索、实践和创造，与时俱进，才能使社会社会主义现代化事业充满生机和活力。
第二，必须坚持落实科学发展观。科学发展观是发展中国特色社会主义重大战略思想，是我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针。我们要坚持把发展作为第一要务，着力转变经济发展方式，调整经济结构，提高经济增长质量和效益；坚持以人为本，注重统筹兼顾，推动全面协调可持续发展。只有深入贯彻落实科学发展观，才能实现经济社会又好又快发展，促进社会和谐。
第三，必须坚持改革开放。改革开放是决定当代中国命运重大而关键的抉择。我们要坚定不移地推进经济体制改革、政治体制改革，发展社会主义民主政治，完善社会主义市场经济体制，解放和发展生产力，促进社会公平正义，实现人的全面发展。开放也是改革，开放兼容才能强国。改革开放贯穿于社会主义现代化建设的整个过程，任何时候都不能动摇。
第四，必须坚持搞好宏观调控。宏观调控与市场机制都是社会主义市场经济体制的组成部分。我们要更大程度地发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，增强企业活力和竞争力。同时，要加强和改善宏观调控，坚持主要运用经济手段、法律手段，发挥各种政策的组合效应；坚持区别对待、有保有压，不搞一刀切，不搞急刹车；坚持不断总结经验，及时调整政策，注重实际效果。只有把市场机制和宏观调控有机结合起来，才能保证整个经济充满活力、富有效率、持续健康协调发展。
第五，必须坚持执政为民。政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的，执政为民是各级政府的崇高使命。我们要牢记全心全意为人民服务的宗旨，把实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益，作为政府工作的出发点和落脚点。更加注重保障和改善民生，特别要关心和解决城乡低收入群众的生活困难，使全体人民共享改革发展成果。只有坚持一切属于人民，一切为了人民，一切依靠人民，一切归功于人民，我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛、最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。
第六，必须坚持依法行政。遵守宪法和法律是政府一切工作的根本原则。我们要严格按照法定权限和程序行使权力、履行职责，加强政府立法，规范行政执法，完善行政监督，建设法治政府，不断提高依法行政能力。只有全面推行依法行政，努力做到有权必有责、用权受监督、侵权要赔偿、违法要追究，让权力在阳光下运行，才能保证人民赋予的权力始终用来为人民谋利益。
我们也清醒地认识到，经济社会发展和政府工作还存在不少问题，国内外形势发展的变化使我们面临诸多新的挑战和风险。
——经济运行中一些突出问题和深层次矛盾依然存在。近年来固定资产投资增长过快，货币信贷投放过多，国际收支不平衡。长期形成的结构性矛盾和增长方式粗放的问题仍然突出。投资与消费关系不协调，投资率持续偏高；一二三产业发展不协调，工业特别是重工业比重偏大，服务业比重偏低；自主创新能力不强，经济增长的资源环境代价过大。农业基础仍然薄弱，农业稳定发展和农民持续增收的难度加大，城乡、区域发展差距扩大的趋势尚未扭转。特别是影响经济发展的体制机制障碍还相当突出，改革攻坚任务繁重。
——涉及群众切身利益的问题有待进一步解决。当前物价上涨、通货膨胀压力加大，是广大群众最为关注的问题。去年居民消费价格总水平比上年上涨4.8%，主要食品和居住类价格涨幅较大。物价上涨有多方面的因素：国内农产品价格多年在低位运行，近期的价格上涨有其必然性和一定的合理因素，但对群众特别是低收入群众生活影响较大；近年来国际市场初级产品价格大幅上升，也直接影响国内价格上涨。由于推动价格上涨的因素还将存在，今年价格上涨的压力仍然较大。同时，生产资料价格不断上升，房地产等资产价格上涨过快，防止通货膨胀的任务相当艰巨。劳动就业、社会保障、教育、医疗卫生、收入分配、住房、产品质量安全、安全生产、社会治安等方面还有不少问题需要认真加以解决。
——国际经济环境变化不确定因素和潜在风险增加。随着经济全球化深入发展，我国经济与世界经济联系越来越密切。当前全球经济失衡加剧、增速放缓，国际竞争更加激烈；美国次级抵押贷款危机影响蔓延，美元持续贬值，国际金融市场风险增大；国际市场粮食价格上涨，石油等初级产品价格高位运行；贸易保护主义加剧，贸易摩擦增多。国际上一些政治因素对世界经济走势影响也不容忽视。这些都可能对我国经济发展带来不利影响。我国正处在改革发展的关键时期，必须充分做好应对国际环境变化的各种准备，提高防范风险的能力。
——政府自身建设和管理需要加强。我们深深感到，政府工作与形势的要求和人民的期望还有不小的差距。政府职能转变还不到位，社会管理和公共服务比较薄弱；一些部门职责交叉、权责脱节，相互推诿，办事效率低下；一些政府工作人员服务意识不强，素质不高；对权力的监督和约束机制不健全，形式主义、官僚主义问题比较突出，弄虚作假、奢侈浪费和腐败现象比较严重。
我们一定要始终保持清醒头脑，增强忧患意识，以对国家、对人民高度负责的使命感和紧迫感，更加兢兢业业、扎扎实实地做好政府各项工作。
各位代表！
过去五年的成就和进步，来之不易。这是在改革开放多年来奠定的基础上取得的，是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央驾驭全局、正确领导的结果，是全国各族人民奋发进取、共同努力的结果，也是与广大海外侨胞、国际友人的支持和帮助分不开的。在战胜种种严重困难和挑战、完成各项重大任务中，充分表现了中国人民不畏艰险、一往无前的决心、勇气和意志。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞和台湾台胞，以及广大侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向世界各国政府、国际组织和国际友人对中国现代化事业的理解和支持，表示诚挚的感谢！
第二，2008年的主要任务
今年是全国贯彻党的十七大精神的第一年，改革发展任务繁重而艰巨，做好政府工作意义重大。
政府工作的基本思路和主要任务是：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，更加重视加强和改善宏观调控，更加重视推进改革开放和自主创新，更加重视调整经济结构和提高发展质量，更加重视节约资源和保护环境，更加重视改善民生和促进社会和谐，推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设，加快全面建设小康社会进程。
今年国民经济和社会发展预期目标是：在优化结构、提高效益、降低消耗、保护环境的基础上，国内生产总值增长8%左右；居民消费价格总水平涨幅控制在4.8%左右；城镇新增就业1000万人，城镇登记失业率控制在4.5%左右；国际收支状况有所改善。
这里要着重说明，提出国内生产总值增长8%左右，主要是综合考虑了国内和国际多种因素，着眼于保持经济平稳较快发展，引导各方面把主要精力和工作重点放在转变发展方式、深化改革、加快社会建设上，防止片面追求和盲目攀比经济增长速度，实现经济社会又好又快发展。提出居民消费价格总水平涨幅控制在4.8%左右，主要是由于去年价格上涨对今年价格的翘尾影响较大，推动价格上涨的因素较多，控制物价上涨的难度加大；同时，又要考虑到居民、企业和社会各方面的承受能力，努力避免物价涨幅过大。
实现经济社会发展的目标和任务，需要把握以下原则：坚持稳中求进，促进经济平稳较快发展；坚持好字优先，加快转变经济发展方式；坚持改革开放，注重推进制度建设和创新；坚持以人为本，加快以改善民生为重点的社会建设。今年经济工作，要把防止经济由偏快转为过热、防止价格由结构性上涨演变为明显通货膨胀作为宏观调控的首要任务；鉴于当前国内外经济形势发展的不确定因素较多，要密切跟踪分析新情况新问题，审时度势，从实际出发，及时灵活地采取相应对策，正确把握宏观调控的节奏、重点和力度，保持经济平稳较快发展，避免出现大的起落。
今年要着重抓好以下九个方面的工作：
(一)搞好宏观调控，保持经济平稳较快发展
根据国内外经济形势和宏观调控任务的要求，今年要实行稳健的财政政策和从紧的货币政策。
继续实行稳健的财政政策，就是要保持财政政策的连续性和稳定性，充分发挥财政促进结构调整和协调发展的重要作用，增加对薄弱环节、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出；同时，进一步减少财政赤字和长期建设国债。今年，中央财政赤字预算拟安排1800亿元，比去年预算赤字减少了650亿元。拟安排国债投资300亿元，比去年减少200亿元。增加中央预算内经常性建设投资，中央建设投资总计为1521亿元。继续调整财政支出和政府投资结构，较大幅度地增加“三农”、社会保障、医疗卫生、教育、文化、节能减排和廉租住房建设等方面的支出。要抓好增收节支，依法加强税收征管，规范非税收入管理，控制一般性支出。改革政府投资管理方式，提高投资使用效益。
合理安排财政超收收入。去年全国财政比预算超收7239亿元，其中中央财政超收4168亿元。超预算收入使用的原则是：集中财力办关系民生和制度性建设方面的事，调整结构，加强薄弱环节。依法增加地方两税返还和一般性转移支付的支出；增加农林水、教育、文化和科技方面的支出；增加社会保障、医疗卫生、司法保障和廉租住房建设的支出；增加节能减排和环境保护的支出；解决农村义务教育债务和国有粮食企业财务挂账等历史遗留问题的支出。同时，削减财政赤字450亿元；拟增加中央预算稳定调节基金1032亿元。
实行从紧的货币政策，主要是考虑当前固定资产投资反弹的压力较大，货币信贷投放仍然偏多，流动性过剩矛盾尚未缓解，价格上涨的压力明显，需要加强金融调控，控制货币供应量和信贷过快的增长。一要综合运用公开市场炒作、存款准备金率等方式，加大对冲流动性力度；合理发挥利率杠杆调节作用；完善人民币汇率形成机制，增强汇率弹性。二要着力优化信贷结构，严格执行贷款条件，有保有压。控制中长期贷款增长，特别是对高效能、高排放企业和产能过剩行业的贷款；创新和改进银行信贷服务，完善担保、贴息等制度，加大对“三农”、服务业、中小企业、自主创新、节能环保、区域协调发展等方面的贷款支持。三要深化外汇管理体制改革。完善结售汇制度，加强跨境资本流动监管，稳步推进资本项目可兑换。拓展外汇储备使用渠道和方式。同时，采取综合措施，努力改善国际收支状况。
防止价格总水平过快上涨，是今年宏观调控的重大任务。必须从更加有效供给和抑制不合理需求量方面采取有力措施。一要大力发展生产，特别要加强粮食、食用植物油、肉类等基本生活必需品和其他紧缺商品生产，认真落实支持发展生产的政策措施，搞好产运销的衔接。二要严格控制工业用粮和粮食出口；坚决制止玉米深加工能力盲目扩张，违规在建项目必须停建。三要加快健全储备体系，改进和完善储备调节和进出口调节的方式，适当增加国内紧缺重要消费品的进口。四要把握好政府调价的时机和力度，必须调整的资源性产品价格和公共服务收费也要从严控制，防止出现轮番涨价。五要健全大宗农产品、初级产品供求和价格变动的监测预警制度，做好市场供应和价格应急预案。六要加强市场和价格监管，抓好教育收费、医药价格、农资价格及涉农收费的监督检查。依法打击串通涨价、囤积居奇、哄抬物价等违法违规行为。七要及时完善和落实对低收入群众的补助办法，特别要增加对生活困难群众和家庭经济困难学生的补贴，确保他们基本生活水平不因物价上涨而下降。八要遏制生产资料尤其是农业生产资料价格过快上涨。九要坚持执行“米袋子”省长负责制和“菜篮子”市长负责制。物价问题与人民生活密切相关，各级政府一定要把稳定市场物价放在更加重要的位置上。现在，国家粮食库存充裕，主要工业消费品供大与求，只要切实加强领导，认真落实各项政策措施，上下共同努力，就一定能够保证市场供应和价格基本稳定。
近期发生的严重低温雨雪冰冻灾害，给经济造成重大损失，给群众生活带来很大困难。要继续做好灾后重建工作，把灾害的损失减少到最低程度。要以电网恢复重建为重点抓紧修复基础设施，尽快恢复农业生产，加强煤电油运协调工作，妥善安排受灾地区群众生活。同时，要从这次特大的自然灾害中，认真总结经验教训。加强电力、交通、通信等基础设施建设，提高抗灾和保障能力；加强应急体系和机制建设，提高预防和处置突发事件的能力；加强对现代条件下自然灾害特点和规律的研究，提高防灾减灾能力。(二)加强农业基础建设，促进农业发展和农民增收
今年，要千方百计争取农业有个好收成，努力增加农民收入，推进社会主义新农村建设。突出抓好三件事：一是大力发展粮食生产，保障农产品供给。粮食安全，关系经济社会发展全局，关系人民群众切身利益，丝毫不能放松粮食生产。要切实稳定粮食种植面积，提高单产水平。加大对粮食主产区和种粮农民的扶持力度，实施粮食战略工程，加快建立粮食核心产区，全面提高粮食综合生产能力和供给保障能力。农业生产既要增加总量，又要优化品种结构，促进各类重要农产品稳定增长。认真落实支持生猪、奶业、油料发展的政策措施。积极发展畜牧水产业，扶持和促进规模化健康养殖。推进农业标准化生产，提高农产品的质量安全水平。二是加强农业基础设施建设，加快完成大中型和重点小型病险水库除险加固任务。搞好小型农田水利建设，大力发展节水灌溉。加大土地开发整理复垦力度，搞好中低产田改造，提高耕地质量，建设一批高标准农田。加强农村饮水、道路、电网、通信、文化等基础设施建设，大力发展农村公共交通，改善农村人居环境。今年要再解决3200万农村人口的安全饮水问题，增加500万农村沼气用户，支持建设一批大中型沼气项目。三是拓宽农民增收渠道。加快发展高产优质高效生态安全农业，支持农业产业化经营和龙头企业发展，加强农村现代市场流通体系建设，壮大和提升农村二三产业，发展乡镇企业，增强县域经济实力。加强农村职业教育和技能培训，提高农民转移就业能力，发展劳务经济。加大扶贫开发力度，继续减少贫困人口。
主要措施是：一要大力增加投入。今年财政支农投入的增量要明显高于上年，国家固定资产投资用于农村的增量要明显高于上年，政府土地出让收入用于农村建设的增量要明显高于上年。调整耕地占用税的使用方向，改革城市建设维护税使用办法，增加农村建设投入。今年中央财政安排“三农”支出5625亿元，比上年增加1307亿元。
二要强化和完善农业支持政策。增加粮食直补，农资综合直补。扩大良种补贴规模和范围增加农机具购置补贴种类，提高补贴标准，从今年起农机具购置补贴覆盖到所有农业县。根据情况提高粮食最低收购价。
三要坚持最严格的耕地保护制度，特别是加强基本农田保护。按土地利用总体规划从严审查调整各类规划的用地规模和标准，严格执行土地用途管制制度，依法严格管理农村集体和个人建设用地，坚决制止违法违规占用耕地和林地的行为。
四要完善农业科技推广和服务体系。加强农业科技创新和成果转化，强化以公益性为主的多元化农业技术推广服务。加快推进农业机械化。加强良种、信息、农产品质量安全和防灾减灾体系建设，搞好动物疫病和植物病虫害防控。扩大测土配方施肥规模。
五要全面推进农村改革。加快农村综合改革步伐。采取多种有效措施，积极稳妥地化解乡村债务。中央和地方将增加财政投入，用三年左右时间基本化解农村义务教育历史债务。坚持农村基本经营制度，稳定和完善土地承包关系，按照依法自愿有偿原则，健全土地承包经营权流转市场，有条件的地方可以发展多种形式的适度规模经营。大力发展农民专业合作组织。全面推进集体林权制度改革。
(三)推进经济结构调整，转变发展方式
坚持扩大内需方针，调整投资和消费关系，促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变。关键是合理控制固定资产投资规模，着力优化投资结构。坚持严把土地、信贷闸门和市场准入标准，特别是要加强和规范新开工项目管理，严格执行项目新开工条件。坚决控制高耗能、高排放和产能过剩行业盲目投资和重复建设，提高限制发展行业的准入标准和项目资本金比例。违法违规建设项目要坚决停建。加大对经济社会发展薄弱环节、重点领域和中西部地区的支持力度。从严控制新增建设用地特别是工业用地，今年土地利用计划总规模控制在去年水平。要适应新形势、新情况，加强和改进对社会各类投资活动的引导、调控和监管。
坚持把推进自主创新作为转变发展方式的中心环节。要认真落实国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，全面启动和组织实施大型飞机、水体污染控制与治理、大型油气田及煤层气开发等国家重大专项。实施基础研究、高技术研究和科技支撑计划。着力突破新能源汽车、高速轨道交通、工农业节水等一批重大关键技术。推进国家创新体系建设，重点建设一批国家实验室、国家工程中心、面向企业的创新支撑平台和企业技术中心，加强科技基础能力建设。深化科技管理体制改革，统筹和优化科技资源配置。今年中央财政将安排科技支出1134亿元，比上年增加134亿元。完善和落实支持自主创新的政策，充分发挥企业作为技术创新主体的作用，鼓励、引导企业增加研发投入。加大政府采购对自主创新产品的支持力度。扩大创业风险和投资试点范围。实施知识产权战略，加强国际科技合作。
推进产业结构优化升级。坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，推进信息化与工业化融合。着力发展高新技术产业，大力振兴装备制造业，改造和提升传统产业，加快发展服务业特别是现代服务业。继续实施新型显示器、宽带通信与网络、生物医药等一批重大高技术产业专项。充分发挥国家高新技术开发区的集聚、引领和辐射作用。围绕大型清洁高效发电设备、高档数控机床和基础制造装备等关键领域，推进重大装备、关键零部件及元器件自主研发和国产化。加强地质工作，提高资源勘查开发水平。积极发展现代能源原材料产业和综合运输体系。
促进区域协调发展。深入推进西部大开发，开工建设一批重点工程，支持重点地区优化开发。继续搞好天然林保护、防沙治沙、石漠化治理，落实退耕还林后续政策。组织实施东北地区振兴规划，支持先进装备制造业发展和资源枯竭型地区经济转型。编制和实施促进中西部崛起计划，落实并完善相关政策。鼓励东部地区率先发展，着力提升国际竞争力。进一步加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区发展的扶持力度。制定并实施主体功能区规划和政策。
(四)加大节能减排和环境保护力度，做好产品质量安全工作
今年是完成“十一五”节能减排约束性目标的关键一年，务必增强紧迫感，加大攻坚力度，力求取得更大成效。一是落实电力、钢铁、水泥、煤炭、造纸等行业淘汰落后生产能力计划。建立淘汰落后产能退出机制，完善和落实关闭企业的配套政策措施。同时，按照规划加强这些行业先进生产能力的建设。
二是抓好重点企业节能和重点工程建设。加快十大重点节能工程实施进度。提高城镇污水处理能力，力争用两年的时间在36个大城市率先实现污水的全部收集和处理。适当提高排污费、污水处理费和垃圾处理费标准。完善和严格执行建筑标准，大力推进墙体材料革新和建筑节能。稳步推进城镇供热体制和市政公用事业改革。
三是开发和推广节约、替代、循环利用资源和治理污染的先进适用技术，实施节能减排重大技术和示范工程。大力发展节能服务产业和环保业。开发风能、太阳能等清洁、可再生能源。
四是做好“三河三湖”、南水北调水源及沿线、三峡库区和松花江等重点流域污染防治工作，实施渤海环境保护总体规划。提高重点流域水污染物的国家排放标准。
五是加强农村饮用水水源地保护，推进农村生活污染治理，严格控制农村地区工业污染，加强畜禽、水产养殖污染治理，控制农业面源污染。
六是鼓励和支持发展循环经济，促进再生资源回收利用。全面推行清洁生产。
七是加强土地、水、草原、森林、矿产等资源的保护和节约集约利用，严厉查处乱采滥挖矿产资源等违法违规行为。搞好海洋资源保护和合理利用，发展海洋经济。加强气象、地震、测绘基础研究和能力建设。
八是实施应对气候变化国家方案，加强应对气候变化能力建设。
九是完善能源资源节约和环境保护奖惩机制。执行节能减排统计监测制度，健全审计、监察体系、加强执法力度，强化节能减排工作责任制。
十是增强全社会生态文明观念，动员全体人民更加积极投身于资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设。节约资源和环境保护要一代一代人持之以恒地进行下去，让我们的祖国山更绿，水更清，天更蓝。
加强产品质量安全工作。一是加快产品质量安全标准制定和修订。今年要完成7700多项食品、药品和其他消费品安全国家标准的制定修改工作，健全食品、药品和其他消费品安全标准体系；食品、消费品安全性能要求及其检测方法标准，都要采用国际标准。出口产品除符合国家标准外，还要符合进口国标准和技术法规的要求。二是完善产品质量安全法制保障。加快制定修订涉及产品质量安全的法规，完善行政执法与刑事司法紧密衔接的机制，加强对违法违规企业的惩处力度。三是健全产品质量安全监管体系。严格执行生产许可、强制认证、注册备案制度，严把市场准入关。提高涉及人身健康和安全产品的生产许可条件和市场准入门槛。加强食品、药品等重点监管工作，严把进出口商量质量关。认真落实产品质量安全责任制。我们一定要让人民群众吃得放心、用得安心，让出口产品享有良好信誉。
(五)深化经济体制改革，提高对外开放水平
今年是改革开放30周年，改革开放使中国发生了历史性的巨大变化。我们仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，进一步解放和发展生产力，进一步促进社会公平正义，实现全面建设小康社会和国家现代化的宏伟目标，必须继续坚定不移地推进改革开放。今年着重抓好以下几个方面：
推进国有企业改革，完善所有制结构。继续推动国有资本调整和国有企业重组。深化国有企业公司制股份制改革。完善公司法人治理结构。做好政策性关闭破产和主辅分离、辅业改制工作。扩大国有资本经营预算制度试点。深化垄断行业改革，引入竞争机制，加强政府监管和社会监督。严格规范国有企业改制和国有产权转让，防止国有资产流失，保障职工合法权益。推进集体企业改革，发展多种形式的集体经济、合作经济。认真落实鼓励、支持和引导个体私营等非公有制经济发展的各项政策，尤其要解决市场准入和融资支持等方面的问题。
深化财税体制改革，加快公共财政体系建设。改革预算制度，强化预算管理和监督。完善财政转移支付制度，提高一般性转移支付规模和比例。积极推进省以下财政体制改革。全面实施新的企业所得税法。改革资源税费制度，完善资源的有偿使用制度和生态环境的补偿机制。继续推进增值税转型改革试点，研究制定在全国范围内实施方案。
加快金融体制改革，加强金融监管。继续深化银行业改革，重点推进中国农业银行股份制改革和国家开发银行改革。建立存款保险制度。加快农村金融改革，强化中国农业银行、中国农业发展银行和中国邮政储蓄银行为“三农”服务的功能，继续深化农村信用社改革，积极推进新型的农村金融机构发展。优化资本市场结构，促进股票市场稳定健康发展，着力提高上市公司质量，维护公开公平公正的市场秩序，建立创业板市场，加快发展债券市场，稳步发展期货市场深化保险业改革，积极扩大农业保险的范围，做好政策性农业保险试点工作。依法严厉查处各种金融违法违规行为。切实防范和化解金融风险，维护金融稳定和安全。
拓展对外开放广度和深度，提高开放型经济水平。在保持出口平稳增长的同时，加快转变外贸发展方式，优化出口结构，鼓励自主知识产权和自主品牌的产品出口，提高出口产品质量、档次和附加值。扩大服务出口，发展服务外包。积极扩大进口，重点增加先进技术装备、重要原材料和关键零部件及元器件的进口。优化利用外资产业结构和地区布局，稳步推进服务业的对外开放。限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分资源性外资项目，切实纠正招商引资中违法违规的做法。创新对外投资和合作的方式，完善和落实支持企业“走出去”的政策措施。加强多双边和区域经济合作。继续推进自由贸易区的谈判，认真实施已签署的协定。维护公平的国际贸易秩序。
在推进改革开放中，要加快现代市场的体系建设，大力发展现代流通，深入整顿和规范市场秩序，推进社会信用制度建设。
(六)更加注重社会建设，着力保障和改善民生
坚持优先发展教育。一是在全国城乡普遍实行免费义务教育。继续增加农村义务教育公用经费，提高保障水平。适当提高农村家庭经济困难寄宿生生活补助费的补助标准。认真落实保障经济困难家庭、进城务工人员子女平等接受义务教育的措施。在试点的基础上，从今年秋季起全面免除城市义务教育学杂费，这是推动义务教育均衡发展、促进教育公平的又一重大举措。二是大力发展职业教育。加强职业教育基础能力建设，深化职业教育管理、办学、投入等体制改革，培养高素质技能型人才。三是提高高等教育质量。优化学科专业结构，推进高水平大学和重点学科建设。普通高校招生增量继续向中西部地区倾斜。
办好各级各类教育，必须抓好三项工作：一要全面实施素质教育，推进教育改革创新。深化教学内容和方式、考试和招生制度、质量评价制度等改革。切实减轻中小学生的课业负担。二要加强教师队伍特别是农村教师队伍建设，完善和落实教师工资、津补贴制度。三要加大教育事业投入。今年中央财政用于教育的投入，将由去年的1076亿元增加到1562亿元；地方财政也都要增加投入。进一步规范教育收费。鼓励和规范民办教育发展。没有全民教育的普及和提高，便没有国家现代化的未来。要让孩子们上好学，办好人民满意的教育，提高全民族的素质。
推进卫生事业改革和发展。重点抓好四件事：一是加快推进覆盖城乡居民的医疗保障制度建设。扩大城镇职工基本医疗保险覆盖面；城镇居民基本医疗保险试点要扩大到全国50%以上的城市；在全国农村全面推行新型农村合作医疗制度，用两年时间将筹资标准由每人每年50元提高到100元，其中中央和地方财政对参合农民补助标准由40元提高到80元。健全城乡医疗救助制度。二是完善公共卫生服务体系。抓好重大疾病防治，落实扩大国家传染病免疫规划范围的政策措施，加大对艾滋病、结核病、血吸虫病等疾病患者的免费治疗力度。加强地方病、职业病、精神病防治。做好妇幼保健工作。在中西部地区农村实行住院分娩补助政策。健全公共卫生服务经费保障机制。三是推进城乡医疗服务体系建设。重点健全农村三级卫生服务网络和城市社区医疗卫生服务体系。加大全科医护人员和乡村医生培养的力度，鼓励高素质人才到基层服务。开展公立医院改革试点。制定和实施扶持中医药和民族医药事业发展的措施。四是建立国家基本药物制度和药品供应保障体系，保证群众基本用药和用药安全，控制药品价格上涨。今年中央财政将安排832亿元，比上年增加167亿元，支持卫生事业改革和发展，重点向农村和基层倾斜。
去年以来，国务院组织力量研究深化医药卫生体制改革问题，已经制定一个初步方案，将向社会公开征求意见。改革的基本目标是：坚持公共医疗卫生的公益性质，建立基本医疗卫生制度，为群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的基本医疗卫生服务。我们要坚定地推进这项改革，让人人享有基本医疗卫生服务。
加强人口和计划生育工作。稳定现行生育政策和低生育水平，提高出生人口素质，综合治理出生人口性别比偏高问题。全面实施计划生育家庭特别扶助制度，扩大实施农村计划生育家庭奖励制度和少生快富工程范围，提高奖励扶助标准。加强流动人口计划生育服务管理。
重视发展老龄事业，切实保障妇女和未成年人权益，关心和支持残疾人事业。
努力扩大就业。认真贯彻执行就业促进法和劳动合同法。坚持实施积极的就业政策，落实以创业带动就业的方针，加强就业和创业培训，鼓励自谋职业和自主创业，支持创办小型企业。加快建设城乡统一规范的人力资源市场，完善公共就业服务体系，促进形成城乡劳动者平等就业制度。加强高校毕业生就业指导和服务。深化退役军人安置制度改革。完善就业援助制度，落实促进残疾人就业政策，建立帮助零就业家庭解决就业困难的长效机制。督促各类企业同劳动者依法签订并履行劳动合同。加强劳动争议处理和劳动保障监察，严厉打击各种非法用工行为。在世界上人口最多的国家解决就业问题，是一项极为艰巨的任务。我们要用百倍的努力，把这项关系民生之本的大事做好。
增加城乡居民收入。关键要调整国民收入分配格局，深化收入分配制度改革，逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。一是多渠道增加农民收入，确保农民工工资按时足额发放，适当提高扶贫的标准。二是提高企业职工工资的水平，建立企业职工工资正常增长和支付保障机制。推动企业建立工资集体协商制度，完善工资指导线制度，健全并落实最低工资制度。改革国有企业工资总额管理办法，加强对垄断行业企业工资监管。三是从今年1月1日起，再连续三年进一步提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平。四是深化公务员工资制度改革，继续做好规范公务员津贴补贴工作。加快推进事业单位收入分配制度改革。五是落实职工带薪年休假制度。同时要进一步完善消费政策，拓宽服务消费领域，稳定居民消费预期，扩大即期消费。只有把经济发展的成果合理分配到群众手中，才能得到广大群众的拥护，才能促进社会的和谐稳定。
完善社会保障体系。坚持实行广覆盖、保基本、多层次、可持续的方针。一要做好社会保险扩面和基金征缴工作。重点扩大农民工、非公有制经济组织从业人员、城镇灵活就业人员参加社会保险。努力解决关闭破产企业退休人员和困难企业职工参加基本医疗保险问题。二要推进社会保险制度改革。完善社会统筹与个人账户相结合的企业职工基本养老保险制度，扩大做实养老保险个人账户试点，加快省级统筹步伐，制定全国统一的社会保险关系转续办法。规范发展企业年金制度。探索事业单位基本养老保险制度改革。抓紧制定适合农民工特点的养老保险办法。鼓励各地开展农村养老保险试点。加快完善失业、工伤、生育保险制度。三要采取多种方式充实社会保障基金，强化基金监管，确保基金安全，实现保值增值。四要健全社会救助体系。重点完善城乡居民最低生活保障制度，建立与经济增长和物价水平相适应的救助标准调整机制。健全临时救助制度。同时，积极发展社会福利事业。鼓励和支持慈善事业发展。做好优抚安置工作。加强防灾减灾救灾工作。为加快社会保障体系建设，今年中央财政将安排2762亿元，比上年增加458亿元。建立和完善覆盖城乡的社会保障体系，让人民生活无后顾之忧，直接关系经济社会发展，是全面建设小康社会的一项重大任务。
抓紧建立住房保障体系。总的指导原则是：(1)坚持从我国人多地少的基本国情出发，建立科学、合理的住房建设和消费模式。大力发展省地节能环保型住宅，增加中小套型住房供给，引导居民适度消费。(2)坚持正确发挥政府和市场的作用，政府主要制定住房规划和政策，搞好土地合理供应、集约利用和管理，重点发展面向中低收入家庭的住房。高收入家庭的住房需求主要通过市场调节解决。(3)坚持加强对房地产市场的调控和监管，规范和维护市场秩序，促进房地产业持续稳定健康发展。今年要采取四项措施：一要健全廉租住房制度，加快廉租住房建设，增加房源供给，加强经济适用住房建设和管理，积极解决城市低收入群众住房困难。今年中央用于廉租住房制度建设的资金68亿元，比去年增加17亿元；地方各级政府都要增加这方面的投入。同时，要积极改善农民工居住条件。二要增加中低价位、中小套型普通商品住房供应，建立多渠道投融资机制，通过多种途径帮助中等收入家庭解决住房问题。合理调整城市土地供给结构，增加中小套型住房用地。三要综合运用税收、信贷、土地等手段，完善住房公积金制度，增加住房有效供给，抑制不合理需求，防止房价过快上涨。四要加强市场监管，严格房地产企业市场准入和退出条件。依法查处闲置囤积土地、房源和炒地炒房行为。同时，要加强农村住房建设规划和管理，切实解决农村困难群众住房安全问题。我们要坚定不移地推进住房改革和建设，让人民群众安居乐业。(七)深化文化体制改革，推动文化大发展大繁荣
进一步落实和完善文化体制改革政策措施，推动文化创新，加强文化建设，保障人民基本文化权益，繁荣文化市场，满足人民日益增长的、多样的文化需求。坚持用马克思主义中国化最新成果教育人民，在全社会树立中国特色社会主义共同理想，大力弘扬以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神，深入进行社会主义荣辱观教育。推进和谐文化建设，实施公民道德建设工程，培育文明社会风尚。特别要加强青少年思想道德建设。深入开展文明创建活动。坚持为人民服务、为社会服务的方向，全面贯彻百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针。发展哲学社会科学。繁荣新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术。鼓励创作优秀精神文化产品。
加大政府投入力度，加快构建覆盖全社会的公共文化服务体系，加强公益性文化事业建设，特别是加强社区和乡村文化设施建设。加快乡镇综合文化站建设。推进全国文化信息共享、广播电视村村通、农家书屋和农村电影放映工程。具有公益性质的博物馆、纪念馆和全国爱国主义教育示范基地，今明两年内全部向社会免费开放。完善文化产业政策，加快文化产业基地和区域性特色文化产业群的建设。加强网络文化建设和管理。规范文化市场，坚持开展“扫黄打非”。加强民族文化遗产保护。扩大对外文化交流。加强城乡公共体育设施建设，广泛开展全民健身活动，不断提高竞技体育水平。
2008年奥运会和残奥会即将在北京举办。这是全体中华儿女的共同期盼，对于促进我国经济社会发展、增进中国人民同世界各国人民的友谊与合作，具有重要意义。要扎实做好各项筹备和组织工作，加强国际合作，创造良好环境，确保成功举办一届有特色、高水平的体育盛会。
(八)加强社会主义民主法制建设，促进社会公平正义
深化政治体制改革，发展社会主义政治文明。扩大人民民主，健全民主制度，丰富民主形式，拓宽民主渠道，依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督，保障人民的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权。发展基层民主，完善基层群众自治制度，扩大基层群众自治范围，推动城乡社区建设，深入推进政务公开、村务公开、厂务公开。发挥社会组织在扩大群众参与、反映群众诉求方面的积极作用，增强社会自治功能。
全面落实依法治国基本方略。加强政府立法，提高立法质量。今年要重点加强改善民生、推进社会建设、节约能源资源、保护生态环境等方面的立法。政府立法工作要广泛听取意见。制定与群众利益密切相关的行政法规、规章，原则上都要公布草案，向社会公开征求意见。合理界定和调整行政法规执法权限，强化行政执法监督，全面落实行政执法责任制。健全市县政府依法行政制度。加强对行政收费的规范管理，改革和完善司法、执法的财政保障机制。加强法规、规章和规范性文件的备案审查工作。健全行政复议体制，完善行政补偿和行政赔偿制度。做好法律服务和法律援助工作。深入开展法制宣传教育，在全社会形成自觉学法守法用法的良好氛围。
完善社会管理。加强社会组织建设，健全基层社会管理体制。做好信访工作，完善信访制度。健全社会矛盾调解机制，妥善处理人民内部矛盾，维护群众合法权益。完善社会治安防控体系，加强社会治安综合治理，深入开展平安创建活动。改革和加强城乡社区警务工作，加强流动人口服务和管理。集中整治突出的治安问题和治安混乱地区，依法防范和打击违法犯罪活动，保障人民生命财产安全，确保社会大局稳定。加强国家安全工作。
强化安全生产工作。加大源头治理力度，遏制重特大安全事故的发生。巩固和发展煤矿瓦斯治理和整顿关闭两个攻坚战成果，继续开展重点行业领域安全专项整治。加强对各类安全事故隐患排查和整治工作，健全重大隐患治理、重大危险源监控制度，完善预报、预警、预防和应急救援体系。依法加强监管，严肃查处安全生产事故。
(九)加快行政管理体制改革，加强政府自身建设
行政管理体制改革是深化改革的重要环节，是政治体制改革的重要内容，也是完善社会主义市场经济体制的必然要求。改革的总原则和要求是：坚持以人为本、执政为民，坚持同发展社会主义民主政治、发展社会主义市场经济相适应，坚持科学民主决策、依法行政、加强行政监督，坚持管理创新和制度创新，坚持发挥中央和地方两个积极性。要着力转变职能、理顺关系、优化结构、提高效能，形成权责一致、分工合理、决策科学、执行顺畅、监管有力的行政管理体制。
第一，加快转变政府职能。这是深化行政管理体制改革的核心。健全政府职责体系，全面正确地履行政府职能，努力建设服务型政府。在加强和改善经济调节、市场监管的同时，更加注重社会管理和公共服务，维护社会公正和社会秩序，促进基本公共服务均等化。重视发挥行业协会、商会等组织的作用。
第二，深化政府机构改革。这次国务院机构改革方案，主要围绕转变职能，合理配置宏观调控部门的职能，调整和完善行业管理机构，加强社会管理和公共服务部门，探索实行职能有机统一的大部门体制；针对职责交叉、权责脱节问题，明确界定部门分工和权限，理顺部门职责关系，健全部门间的协调配合机制。国务院机构改革方案将提交本次大会审议。
第三，完善行政监督制度。坚持用制度管权、管事、管人。加强行政权力监督，规范行政许可行为。强化政府层级监督，充分发挥监察、审计等专门监督的作用。自觉接受社会各个方面的监督。推行行政问责制度和政府绩效管理制度。切实加强公务员队伍建设。严肃法纪政纪，坚决改变有令不行、有禁不止的现象。大力推行政务公开，健全政府信息发布制度，完善各类公开办事制度，提高政府工作透明度，创造条件让人民更有效地监督政府。
第四，加强廉政建设。要把反腐倡廉建设放在更加突出的位置，旗帜鲜明地反对腐败。坚持标本兼治、综合治理、惩防并举、注重预防的方针，扎实推进惩治和预防腐败体系建设。特别要解决权力过分集中和缺乏制约的问题。从根本上加强制度建设，规范财政转移支付、土地和矿产资源开发、政府采购、国有资产转让等公共资源管理。加大专项治理力度，重点解决环境保护、食品药品安全、安全生产、土地征收征用与房屋拆迁等方面群众反映强烈的问题，坚决纠正损害群众利益的不正之风。大力提倡艰苦奋斗，坚决制止奢侈浪费。严肃查处各类违法违纪案件，深入开展治理商业贿赂，依法严惩腐败分子，决不姑息。各位代表！
我国是统一的多民族国家，必须坚持各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展。坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，促进少数民族和民族地区经济社会发展，巩固和发展平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系。全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针，落实宗教事务条例，发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济社会发展中的积极作用。做好新时期侨务工作，进一步发挥海外侨胞和归侨侨眷在祖国现代化建设与和平统一大业中的作用。
加强国防和军队建设，是发展中国特色社会主义的战略任务，必须统筹经济建设和国防建设，在推进现代化事业进程中实现富国和强军的统一。要坚持以毛泽东军事思想、邓小平新时期军队建设思想、江泽民国防和军队建设思想为指导，认真落实胡锦涛同志关于新形势下国防和军队建设重要论述，把科学发展观作为国防和军队建设的重要指导方针。着眼全面履行新世纪新阶段军队历史使命，提高军队应对多种安全威胁、完成多样化军事任务的能力，坚决维护国家主权、安全和领土完整，为全面建设小康社会提供强有力的保障。加强人民武装警察部队建设，提高执勤、处置突发事件、反恐维稳的能力。加强国防教育，增强全民国防观念。完善国防动员体系。巩固军政军民团结。
坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，严格按照特别行政区基本法办事；全力支持香港、澳门两个特别行政区政府依法施政；进一步加强内地与两个特别行政区在经贸、科技、教育、文化、卫生、体育等领域的交流合作。我们坚信，香港、澳门同胞一定能够把香港、澳门管理和建设得更好。
坚持“和平统一、一国两制”的基本方针和新形势下发展两岸关系、促进祖国和平统一的各项政策，牢牢把握两岸关系和平发展的主题，鼓励两岸同胞加强交往、增进共识，积极促进两岸经济文化交流，推动直接“三通”。实施和充实惠及广大台湾同胞的政策措施，支持海峡西岸和其他台商投资相对集中地区的经济发展。争取在一个中国的基础上尽快恢复两岸协商谈判，解决两岸同胞关心的重大问题。坚决反对“台独”分裂活动，绝不允许任何人以名义任何方式把台湾从祖国分割出去。任何涉及中国主权和领土完整的问题，必须由包括台湾同胞在内的全中国人民共同决定。“台独”分裂势力企图改变大陆和台湾同属一个中国的现状，破坏台海和平，是注定要失败的。两岸统一是中华民族走向伟大复兴的历史必然。海内外中华儿女共同奋斗，一定能够完成祖国统一大业！
在新的一年，我们要高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持和平发展的道路，坚持互利共赢的开放战略，推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。要努力发展同发达国家的关系，全面深化同周边国家的睦邻友好关系，大力加强同发展中国家的团结合作，积极开展多边外交，推动重大热点问题和全球性问题的妥善解决，维护我国公民和法人在海外的合法权益。中国政府和人民愿同各国人民一道，共同分享发展机遇，共同应对风险挑战，共同推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。
各位代表！
回顾五年的成就，令人鼓舞；展望未来发展，催人奋进。伟大的祖国已迈上新的历史征程，前景无限美好。让我们在以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央领导下，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，解放思想，改革创新，扎实工作，为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而努力奋斗！
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT
Delivered at the First Session of the Eleventh National
People's Congress on March 5, 2008
Wen Jiabao
Premier of the State Council
Fellow Deputies，On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to deliver to you a report on the work of the government over the past five years and on the arrangements for its work this year for your deliberation and approval and also for comments and suggestions from the members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).I.Review of the Work of the Past Five Years
The past five years since the First Session of the Tenth National People's Congress was a momentous period.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set out at the Sixteenth CPC National Congress and worked in concert and with dedication.We vigorously responded to the complex and volatile international environment, strove to overcome various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and prevailed over the sudden and severe outbreak of SARS and catastrophic natural disasters such as the recent snow and ice storms in the south that the region has rarely seen before.We made major achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world.– The economy reached a new high.China's GDP in 2007 reached 24.66 trillion yuan, an increase of 65.5% over 2002 and an average annual increase of 10.6%, rising from the sixth highest one in the world to the fourth.Total government revenue reached 5.13 trillion yuan, a 171% increase over 2002.Our foreign exchange reserves exceeded US$ 1.52 trillion.– The agricultural tax was rescinded, ending the centuries-old practice of farmers paying taxes.China's grain output rose four consecutive years to reach 501.5 million tons in 2007.– Major progress was made in the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs), the financial system, fiscal and taxation systems, the system of foreign trade and economic cooperation, and the administrative system.China has entered a new stage in developing a more open economy.Total volume of imports and exports reached $2.17 trillion in 2007, raising China from the sixth largest trading nation in the world to the third largest.– Good progress was made in efforts to make China more innovative, and a number of major scientific and technological innovations with international impact were made.Manned spaceflights and our first moon exploration project were successfully carried out.– Free compulsory education was made available to all rural students, marking an important milestone in the history of the development of education in China.The basic frameworks for a public health system and a system of basic medical services covering both urban and rural areas have been put in place.– Steady improvement was made in the urban and rural system of public cultural services.Significant progress was made in reform of the cultural management system, and the development of cultural programs and cultural industries was accelerated.The Shanghai Special Olympics was successfully held.Preparations for the 2008 Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai proceeded smoothly.– Progress was made in developing democracy and the legal system and in enhancing law-based government.Greater efforts were made to safeguard people's rights and interests and ensure social fairness and justice.– People's living standards improved significantly.Fifty-one million urban jobs were created over the past five years.Urban per capita annual disposable income rose from 7,703 yuan in 2002 to 13,786 yuan in 2007, and rural per capita annual net income rose from 2,476 yuan to 4,140 yuan during the same period.The basic framework for a social safety net for both urban and rural areas was put in place.The number of people living in poverty was reduced every year.All these improvements fully demonstrate that during the past five-year period great strides were made in carrying out reform and opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this time the productive forces and overall national strength were significantly improved, social programs were comprehensively developed, people received even greater benefits and China's international standing and influence constantly grew.During the past five years we established and put into practice the Scientific Outlook on Development, worked hard on economic development, deepened reform and opening up, ensured the wellbeing of the people, improved their lives, and promoted social harmony.We made great efforts and accomplished a great deal.1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to promote steady and rapid economic development.We endeavored to make macroeconomic regulation more proactive, responsive and effective, with the focus on resolving major problems affecting economic operation.Over the past few years, we tightened controls on the supplies of land and credit, raised market access requirements, adjusted financial and monetary policies as needed, improved industrial policies and the land policy, adjusted the economic structure, shored up weak links and effectively regulated economic operation to address problems such as overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, excessively large trade surplus, and weakness in agriculture, the foundation of the economy, which could cause economic development to become unstable, unbalanced and unsustainable.In response to changes in the economy, we have repeatedly made timely adjustments in the required reserve ratio and the benchmark interest rates for savings and loans in financial institutions and rescinded or reduced export tax rebates for resource products and products whose production is energy intensive or highly polluting.These macroeconomic regulatory measures produced significant results, and China's economy maintained steady and rapid development throughout the five-year period, without experiencing major fluctuations.We adopted a series of major measures related to institutions, policies and investment to increase grain production and rural incomes as a matter of priority and strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy.We completely rescinded the agricultural tax, livestock tax and tax on special agricultural products throughout China, reducing the burden on farmers by an average of 133.5 billion yuan per year.In addition, we set up a subsidy scheme for agriculture, instituting direct subsidies for grain producers, subsidies for superior crop varieties, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and general subsidies for agricultural production supplies and providing incentives to major grain-producing counties and subsidies to counties and townships with serious financial difficulties.Investment in agriculture and rural areas was greatly increased.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers reached 1.6 trillion yuan over the past five years, including nearly 300 billion yuan that was used for developing rural infrastructure.Local governments also substantially increased their input.During the five-year period, an additional 6.667 million hectares of farmland was equipped with water-saving irrigation facilities, methane gas was made available to 16.5 million more households, 1.3 million kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded, and safe drinking water was provided to an additional 97.48 million rural residents.A system for the prevention and control of major animal diseases was set up, and the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza was prevented.These measures greatly encouraged farmers to grow more, gave a strong impetus to the development of a new socialist countryside and brought historic changes to rural China to the great satisfaction of hundreds of millions of rural people.Agricultural development played an important role in ensuring the overall stability and development of China's economy and society.We formulated the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, which contains comprehensive plans for the development of science and technology in China from 2006 through 2020 and calls for the launching of a number of major projects.This will have an important and far-reaching impact on efforts to strengthen China's capacity for independent innovation and make it an innovative country.Work in basic research and research in leading-edge technologies was intensified;a number of major innovations such as high-performance computers, third generation mobile communications, and super-hybrid rice were achieved;and a number of products that are competitive and carry Chinese intellectual property rights were developed.The central government spent 340.6 billion yuan on science and technology over the past five years.China's total investment in research, experimentation and development rose from the 128.8 billion yuan of 2002 to 366.4 billion yuan in 2007, with its share in the GDP rising from 1.07% to 1.49%.Major progress was made in developing a system for technological innovation in which enterprises play a key role.The capacity of scientific and technological innovation to sustain and boost economic and social development was markedly increased.We formulated and implemented a series of industrial policies and special plans designed to improve and upgrade the industrial structure.Development of new and high technology industries in information, biology, aerospace, new energy sources, new materials and oceanography was accelerated.Efforts to boost the equipment manufacturing industry produced significant results.Development of modern service industries such as tourism, banking and distribution was accelerated.Great progress was made in the development of infrastructure and basic industries, marked by the completion of or smooth progress on a number of major projects.The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic a year ahead of time;the Three Gorges Project is fully playing its designed role in flood prevention, power generation and shipping;the projects to send electricity and gas from China's western region to the eastern region are fully operational;the project to divert water from southern China to northern China is progressing smoothly;and construction has been started on a number of major projects such as the Xiluodu Hydroelectric Plant, Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, a ten million-ton capacity oil refinery and a million-ton capacity ethylene plant.Major progress has been made in the prospecting and development of the Puguang Gas Field and the Nanpu Oldfield.Newly added power-generating capacity over the five years totaled 350 million kW, equivalent to all the capacity added between 1950 and 2002.A total of 192,000 kilometers of highways were built, including 28,000 kilometers of expressways.A total of 6,100 kilometers of new railway lines went into operation.An additional 568 berths that can handle ships larger than 10,000 tons were completed.The number of telecommunications users was increased by 494 million.All of the above measures effectively improved the capacity of the energy, transportation and communications sectors and strengthened the basis for further economic and social development.We gave high priority to conserving resources and protecting the environment.Obligatory targets for saving energy and reducing emissions were set in the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.In the last two years, a general work plan for saving energy and reducing emissions was introduced;a system of targets for this work, a monitoring system, a system for assessing work performance and a system of accountability for reaching the targets were put in place;and a state plan to address climate change was promulgated.A large number of backward production facilities were shut down in accordance with the law.They include small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 21.57 million kW, 11,200 small coal mines, backward iron smelting facilities with a total capacity of 46.59 million tons, backward steel plants with a total capacity of 37.47 million tons and cement plants with a total capacity of 87 million tons.Ten major energy-saving projects were launched.Breakthroughs were made in carrying out desulfurizing projects for coal-fired power plants.The central government provided financial support for 691 projects to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys.Work continued on ecological conservation projects such as those to protect natural forests and control the factors causing sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin.During the five-year period, the area of farmland retired for forestation and other lands planted with trees amounted to 31.91 million hectares, and grazing land returned to natural grasslands totaled 34.6 million hectares.Protection of land and water resources was strengthened, with a total of 1.526 million hectares of farmland being upgraded, reclaimed or newly developed over the last five years.Thanks to the strong efforts of the whole country, encouraging progress was made in conserving energy and reducing emissions.In 2007 there was a 3.27% year-on-year drop in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and for the first time in recent years there was a reduction in both chemical oxygen demand and the total emission of sulfur dioxide, with the former down 3.14% and the latter down 4.66% from the previous year.People became more aware of the importance of conserving resources and protecting the environment and made greater efforts in this area.We followed a master strategy for regional development.Continued progress was made in the large-scale development of the western region, with central government financial support for key projects totaling over 280 billion yuan over the last five years.Substantial progress was made in infrastructure development and ecological and environmental conservation projects, and development of key areas and industries with local advantages was accelerated.We formulated and implemented the strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases such as northeast China, increased efforts to develop large grain production bases, made breakthroughs in reforming, reorganizing and upgrading SOEs, made major progress in using domestically-produced key equipment in place of imports, and made smooth headway in the trial to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation.The old industrial bases are now showing new signs of vitality.We formulated and implemented policies and measures to promote development in the central region and made accelerated progress in developing modern agriculture in major grain-producing areas.Major energy and raw material industries, the equipment manufacturing industry and the overall transportation system were further developed.The eastern region continued to lead in development, with significant gains in economic strength and overall improvement.The process of developing and opening up the special economic zones, the Shanghai Pudong New Area and the Tianjin Binhai New Area was accelerated.These major measures promoted a better distribution and more balanced development of regional economies.2.Working hard on reform and opening up, concentrating on institutional development and innovation.Rural reforms were deepened across the board.Major progress was made in the current stage of the overall rural reform, mainly consisting of reform of town and township government bodies, reform of the rural compulsory education system and reform of the fiscal systems at the county and township levels.Government control of grain purchasing was lifted, and the purchase and sale of grain are now market based.Successful trials were carried out in reforming the system of collective forest rights.Smooth progress was made in the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned farms.Continued progress was made in improving the basic economic system.We consolidated and developed the public sector of the economy, made progress in reform of the management system for state-owned assets and adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy, and set up and improved a system for investors of state assets.We accelerated the reform to institute a stockholding system in SOEs, and a number of large companies and conglomerates with the ability to compete internationally were formed.Reform of the postal service system proceeded smoothly, and encouraging progress was made in reforming the power, telecommunications, civil aviation and railway industries.The total value of assets of Chinese SOEs in 2006 grew by 60.98% compared to 2002, their total profits increased by 223%, and their tax contributions grew by 105%.The vitality of the state sector and its impact and influence on the economy as a whole were greatly enhanced.We formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to foster a legal framework and market environment conducive to fair competition, and encouraged, supported and guided the development of the nonpublic sector, which includes individual-proprietorship businesses and private enterprises.As a result, the nonpublic sector of the economy is playing an increasingly bigger role in stimulating economic growth, creating jobs, increasing tax revenue, and invigorating the market.We vigorously promoted reform of the banking, fiscal and taxation systems.We resolutely carried out reform addressing the poor performance and greater financial risks of state-owned commercial banks.The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank and the Bank of Communications were turned into stockholding companies and listed on stock markets.This brought about significant improvement in the quality of their assets and profitability as well as major changes in the banking industry.We resolutely carried out reform of the shareholder structure in listed companies and resolved this longstanding institutional problem that hindered the development of the securities market.Key state-owned insurance firms were reorganized and went public, promoting rapid development of the insurance industry.Substantive progress was made in making interest rates more market-based.We reformed the RMB exchange rate regime to gradually make the exchange rate more flexible.Comprehensive progress was made in reform of the system for managing foreign exchange.Reform of the fiscal and taxation systems was deepened, and the system of transfer payments and the system of public finance were steadily improved.The central government turned over 4.25 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments from 2003 to 2007, with 87% of it allocated to the central and western regions.A budget system for managing state capital was introduced in some enterprises on a trial basis.We launched and expanded trials to reform the value-added tax.The income tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises were unified.A unified state civil servant salary system based on both position and rank was set up, and the system of subsidies and allowances was basically standardized.Further progress was made in reform of the investment system and pricing system.Work to develop the market system was intensified.Market forces played an increasingly important role in trade in the factors of production.The modernization of commodity distribution was accelerated.Significant achievements were made in the effort to rectify order in the markets for land and mineral resources and improve the quality of products and the safety of food and drugs.Protection of intellectual property rights was strengthened, and we severely cracked down on violations of the law such as the production and sale of counterfeit goods, pyramid schemes, commercial fraud, piracy and infringement on others'rights.We continued to open China wider to the outside world.We honored all the commitments we made when we entered the World Trade Organization and made all the required adjustments for the transition period.We deepened reform of the externally oriented economic system to facilitate trade and investment.We lifted controls over access to foreign trade, greatly lowered tariffs, rescinded non-tariff measures such as import quotas and permits, and opened banking, commerce, telecommunications and other service sectors wider.There was gradual improvement in the mix of imports and exports.There was further improvement in the utilization of foreign capital.The “go global” strategy was resolutely implemented and significant results were obtained in mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other countries.3.Strengthening all aspects of social development, ensuring the wellbeing of the people and improving their lives.We steadfastly carried out overall planning for economic and social development, accelerated the development and reform of social programs in education, health, culture and sports and worked hard to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.Education.Public expenditures on education in China reached 2.43 trillion yuan over the five-year period, a 126% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Funding for rural compulsory education is now fully provided by the government budget.All the 150 million students receiving compulsory education in rural areas are exempt from paying tuition and miscellaneous fees and are supplied with free textbooks, and living allowances are provided to the 7.8 million students from poor families who stay in school dormitories.The plan to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal and to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in the western region was implemented on schedule.The state allocated special funds to support the renovation of dilapidated buildings at more than 22,000 rural primary and secondary schools and the building of more than 7,000 schools with student dormitory facilities.Distance education now covers 360,000 rural primary and middle schools, making quality education available to more rural students.Greater efforts were made to develop vocational education, with the student population reaching 20 million at secondary vocational schools and 8.61 million at vocational colleges in 2007.A total of 11.44 million students were enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs in regular institutions of higher learning.More effort was put into developing key disciplines in institutions of higher learning.A system of government scholarships and financial aid to students in regular undergraduate institutions, vocational colleges and secondary vocational schools was instituted and improved, and its funding from the central government budget was increased from 2.05 billion yuan in 2006 to 9.8 billion yuan in 2007.This enabled over 20% of the students in institutions of higher learning and more than 90% of the students in secondary vocational schools to benefit from financial aid and allowed schools to greatly raise the amount of aid offered.An experiment to provide free education to education students at normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education was launched in 2007.Major progress was made in providing equitable education opportunities for all.The strategy of reinvigorating China through development of human resources was extensively applied.Great efforts were made to train Chinese personnel, bring in needed personnel from other countries and make wise use of skilled personnel of all types, thus strengthening the ranks of high-caliber, highly skilled personnel in China.Health.Total government expenditures on medical and health care in China over the five-year period reached 629.4 billion yuan, a 127% increase compared to the previous five-year period.The funding was mainly used to develop the public health service system, the medical service system and the medical security system, and basically complete the formation of the disease prevention and control system and emergency medical response system with a fairly comprehensive range of functions, covering both urban and rural areas.The number of diseases covered by the state plan for immunization and disease prevention was increased from 7 to 15, and AIDS, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis and other major communicable diseases are now treated free of charge.The state allocated funds to renovate or build 18,800 town and township health clinics, 786 county hospitals, 285 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and 534 county health centers for women and children, and equip 11,700 town and township health clinics with medical equipment, significantly improving conditions for providing medical and health care services in the countryside.More than 24,000 community health clinics were set up in China, further improving the new system of medical and health care services in urban areas.Further progress was made in carrying out population and family planning programs, and the birthrate remained stable at a low level.People''s health continued to improve, infant and maternal mortality rates dropped significantly, and average life expectancy reached 73 years in 2005.These are momentous achievements for China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion.Employment.The government continued to follow and improve the policy that strongly promotes employment and to adopt fiscal, taxation and financial measures to increase employment.Expenditures for employment programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies totaled 66.6 billion yuan over the five-year period.Urban and rural systems for providing public employment services were further strengthened.Efforts were intensified to increase employment and reemployment in a well-planned way, and training in vocational skills was comprehensively strengthened.As a result, more than ten million urban people got jobs and eight million rural workers found work in nonagricultural sectors per year on average.The problem of finding other employment opportunities for workers laid off from SOEs was basically solved, and the work of incorporating basic cost of living allowances for laid-off workers into the unemployment insurance system was completed.The employment situation remained basically stable despite a large increase in the total workforce and great pressure on employment.Social safety net.Governments at all levels spent a total of 1.95 trillion yuan on building up the social safety net over the five-year period, a 141% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Continued improvement was made in the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers, with the number of participating workers exceeding 200 million in 2007, an increase of more than 54 million compared to 2002.Trials to fully fund personal accounts for basic old-age insurance were expanded to 11 province-level administrative units.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees were raised three years in a row beginning in 2005.A total of 329.5 billion yuan was allocated for old-age insurance programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies over the last five years.The number of urban workers participating in basic medical insurance reached 180 million in 2007, nearly twice the number in 2002.The trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents was launched in 88 cities.Continued improvement was made in the new system of rural cooperative medical care, which now covers 86% of all counties and 730 million rural residents in China.Funds to support the national social safety net totaled 414 billion yuan, an increase of 289.8 billion yuan over 2002.Establishment of the urban and rural emergency aid system was basically completed.The system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents was improved, with gradually rising standards and allowances.A system of basic cost of living allowances was established in all rural areas of China in 2007, covering 34.519 million rural residents.The systems provide a fundamental institution to assist poor people in urban and rural areas to meet basic living expenses.Further progress was made in developing social welfare, providing special assistance to entitled groups and developing charity programs and programs to help people with physical and mental disabilities.Efforts to combat disasters and provide disaster relief were greatly strengthened, with total expenditures from the central government budget reaching 55.1 billion yuan for the five-year period.This helped restore normal working and living conditions for disaster victims.Culture and sports.Government expenditures for culture and sports programs totaled 310.4 billion yuan for the five-year period, a 130% increase over the previous five-year period.The basic elements of a public cultural services system at the county and township levels were put in place, and basically every county now has a library and cultural center.Substantive progress was made in setting up local cultural facilities such as the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources and extend radio and television coverage to all villages.Philosophy, the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art thrived.Protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage was strengthened.Cultural exchanges with other countries were intensified.Development of public sports facilities in urban and rural areas was accelerated, mass sports activities developed vigorously, and Chinese athletes did well in international competitions.Personal income and consumer spending.Vigorous efforts were made to increase the incomes of urban and rural residents, especially low-income persons.The minimum wage was increased.The problem of arrears in the wages of rural migrant workers in urban areas was basically resolved.The standards for financial aid to key entitled groups were increased four times, and plans were implemented to resolve the practical problems of demobilized military personnel.The tax on interest earnings from individual savings deposits was lowered and the earnings threshold for the individual income tax was raised.There was a general increase in family assets.Upgrading of consumer spending proceeded at a faster pace, and there was a great increase in the number of family-owned cars and rapid spread in the use of cell phones, computers and Internet services.The number of people going on vacations increased several fold.There was further improvement in housing conditions, encouraging progress was made in improving conditions in shantytowns, and much more public services were made available to urban and rural residents.Public administration.Work in this area was concentrated on protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the people and resolving social tensions.We formulated and implemented policies and measures for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of rural migrant workers in urban areas.We devoted a great deal of effort to resolving infringements on the interests of the public related to land expropriation and requisition, housing demolition, enterprises converting to a stockholding system and environmental protection.Improvement was made in the handling of complaints made by individuals through letters and visits.We paid very close attention to improving workplace safety and the safety oversight system, instituted a responsibility system for workplace safety and improved related legislation.The public security system for crime prevention and control was further strengthened, and overall crime control work was intensified.We combated criminal activities in accordance with the law, effectively protected China''s security and maintained law and order.Taking advantage of the rapid development of the economy and significant improvement of public finance, we worked hard to resolve some longstanding problems.We sold off nonperforming assets of state-owned commercial banks, made alternate arrangements for nonperforming loans and long-term non-paying accounts of rural credit cooperatives, eased the long-term debts of SOEs, gradually eased policy-related losses of state-owned grain enterprises, cleared up overdue tax rebates for exports, and improved the policy for paying compensation for requisition of land for large and medium-sized reservoirs and assisting people displaced by reservoir projects.Resolution of these problems played an important role in promoting economic and social development.We made major progress over the past five years in enhancing democracy and the legal system, building national defense and the military, doing our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and conducting diplomacy.We made steady progress in improving socialist democracy and the socialist legal system.Governments at all levels conscientiously accepted the oversight of the people's congress and its standing committee at the corresponding level;voluntarily accepted the democratic oversight by CPPCC committees;carefully listened to the views of the democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, persons without party affiliation and people's organizations;solicited suggestions of experts, scholars and the general public in a variety of forms;and accepted the oversight of the media and all sectors of society.Governments at all levels made public announcements and held public hearings before making major decisions.We stepped up efforts to develop autonomy in urban community and village administrative bodies and further improved the democratic system at the local level.During the past five years the State Council submitted 39 bills to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and formulated or revised 137 administrative regulations.We explored ways to set up mechanisms and systems for orderly public participation in government legislation and published 15 draft laws and drafts of administrative regulations to solicit comments from the public.We carried out a thorough review of current administrative rules and regulations.We adhered to the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and carried forward the programs to promote unity and progress among ethnic groups.The policy on freedom of religious belief was comprehensively implemented, and the administration of religious affairs was put on a more solid legal footing and further standardized.We comprehensively implemented the policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives.We stepped up all efforts to modernize the military.We vigorously pressed ahead with the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.We adjusted and reformed the military's structure and staffing and its related policies and systems and smoothly cut its size by 200,000 personnel.We made historic achievements in strengthening national defense and the military.The People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force made major contributions to safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and to promoting social harmony and stability.We adhered to the principle of “one country, two systems” and acted in strict accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region.We implemented the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement between the mainland and the regions of Hong Kong and Macao.Both regions remained thriving and stable.We resolutely opposed and foiled secessionist activities aimed at Taiwan independence, thereby protecting China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and safeguarding peace in the Taiwan Straits.We carried out a number of measures to make it easier for people to visit between the two sides and for economic, scientific, educational, cultural and sports exchanges to take place in order to promote the peaceful and steady development of cross-Straits relations.We actively promoted exchange and cooperation with other countries, made major progress in conducting diplomacy on all fronts, and resolutely safeguarded and developed China's interests.China stepped up dialogue with the major countries and increased trust and expanded cooperation with them.China-US relations developed steadily, the China-Russia partnership of strategic coordination reached a new height, China-Europe cooperation in all areas went from strength to strength, and China-Japan relations improved.Good-neighborly relations with surrounding countries were further strengthened, further achievements were made in regional cooperation, and China's solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries entered a new stage.We successfully carried out a series of major multilateral diplomatic activities.We appropriately responded to new challenges in the international arena, actively and responsibly participated in efforts to resolve global issues, and played an important and constructive role in the resolution of issues concerning international and regional hotspots.We paid close attention to self-reform and self-improvement of the government during the five-year period.This government took scientific and democratic policy-making, law-based administration and better administrative oversight as the three basic principles for its work.We formulated the Program for Advancing All Aspects of Government Administration in Accordance with the Law and promoted change in the way the government functions and innovations in management, thereby improving public administration and public services.We diligently carried out the Administrative Permit Law and promoted reform of the system of administrative examination and approval.As a result, departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined a total of 692 items requiring examination and approval.We promoted greater openness in government affairs, improved the system for releasing information, and increased the application of e-government.Establishment of a national emergency response management system was basically completed.Oversight work such as supervision and auditing was quite effective.Further improvement was made in education and training of civil servants and in developing a legislative framework for civil-service administration.We worked unceasingly to combat corruption and improve the conduct of the government, made good progress in combating bribery in business, uncovered a number of violations of laws and regulations and cases of neglect and dereliction of duty, and punished corrupt persons.We learned many valuable lessons in our experiences over the last five years.The main ones are as follows.First, we must continue to liberate our thinking.Liberating our thinking and following a realistic and pragmatic approach is the Party's ideological line.We must proceed from reality in everything we do, eliminate superstition, break the shackles of outdated ideas, respect the people's pioneering spirit, boldly explore new ways, take concrete action, be creative, and keep up with the times to ensure that the cause of socialist modernization retains its great vitality.Second, we must steadfastly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.This is a major strategic concept for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development.We must continue to take development as the top priority, concentrate on changing the way the economy develops, and adjust the economic structure to improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth.We must always put people first, attach great importance to overall planning, and promote comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.Only by thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development can we achieve sound and rapid economic and social development and promote social harmony.Third, we must adhere to the reform and opening up policy.Reform and opening up is a major and crucial choice that is shaping the destiny of contemporary China.We need to unswervingly promote reform in economic and political institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist market economy, liberate and develop the productive forces, promote social fairness and justice, and achieve all-round personal development.Opening up is also a kind of reform, and a nation cannot become strong if it is not open and inclusive.We must continue to pursue reform and opening up throughout the course of socialist modernization and never deviate from this policy.Fourth, we must continue to exercise effective macroeconomic regulation.Both macroeconomic regulation and market forces are components of the socialist market economy.We need to make better use of the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, revitalize enterprises and improve their competitive edge.At the same time, we need to improve macroeconomic regulation, continue to carry out macroeconomic regulation mainly through economic and legal means, and get the complete range of government policies to fully play their role.We must continue to deal with each situation on its own merits, encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others as the situation requires, and refrain from taking a uniform approach to different situations or putting on the brakes without good reason.We must continue to draw lessons from our experiences, make policy adjustments as needed and be result-oriented.We must integrate the use of market forces with macroeconomic regulation in order to ensure that the economy remains vigorous, performs well, and develops in a sustainable, healthy and balanced way.Fifth, we must continue to run the government for the people.All the power of the government comes from the people, and running the government for them is a lofty mission of governments at all levels.We must never forget that serving the people wholeheartedly is our purpose, and make sure that the aim and outcome of the work of the government is to fulfill, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people.We need to attach greater importance to ensuring the wellbeing of the people and improving their lives, in particular showing concern for urban and rural residents with low incomes and helping them make ends meet in their daily lives, in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.We must always keep in mind that everything belongs to the people, do everything for their benefit, rely on them in everything we do and attribute all our successes to their efforts.Only by doing so can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for ensuring success in all our endeavors.Sixth, we must continue to run the government in accordance with the law.Abiding by the Constitution and laws is a fundamental principle for all the work of the government.We need to exercise our power and perform our functions and responsibilities within the jurisdiction stipulated by law and in accordance with legal procedures, improve government legislative work, standardize administrative law enforcement, improve administrative oversight, develop law-based government and enhance our ability to carry out administrative functions in accordance with the law.We must ensure that government administration fully complies with the law, that power comes with responsibility, that there is proper oversight on the exercise of power, that reparation is paid for infringement of rights, that any violation of the law is prosecuted, and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.This is the only way to ensure that the power entrusted to us by the people is always exercised in their interests.We are also clearly aware that there are still many problems affecting China's economic and social development and the work of the government, and that changes in the domestic and international environment present many new challenges and risks.– There are still some prominent issues and deep-rooted problems affecting economic performance.China has experienced overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, and imbalance in its international payments in recent years.Longstanding structural problems and the extensive pattern of growth remain serious problems.There is a lack of balance between investment and consumption, with the investment rate still running too high.Development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is not in balance, with too much investment in primary industry, particularly heavy industry, but too little investment in the service industry.China's capacity for independent innovation is still weak and the price paid for economic growth in terms of resource consumption and environmental pressure is too great.Agriculture, the foundation of the economy, remains weak.The difficulty of maintaining steady agricultural development and keeping the incomes of farmers increasing has grown, and the growing development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions has not been checked.In particular, the institutional factors hindering economic development remain serious, making institutional reform a daunting task.– More work needs to be done to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.The current price hikes and increasing inflationary pressures are the biggest concern of the people.Last year's consumer price index(CPI)rose by 4.8% year-on-year, mainly due to large increases in the cost of food and housing.There are a variety of factors behind the price increases.Though the domestic prices of farm products have remained low for many years and some of the recent price increases were therefore overdue and somewhat reasonable, price increases nevertheless have a great impact on people's lives, especially on the lives of the low-income sector of the population.The prices of primary commodities on the international market have risen considerably in recent years, which directly puts upward pressure on domestic prices.Because factors driving prices up are still at work, upward pressure on prices will remain great this year.In addition, prices of the means of production have continued to rise and real estate prices have risen steeply, making the task of holding down inflation difficult.There are still quite a few problems in employment, the social safety net, education, medical and health care, income distribution, housing, product quality and safety, workplace safety and public security, and we need to work harder to resolve them.– Both uncertainties in the international economic environment and potential risks have increased.As economic globalization proceeds, the Chinese economy becomes increasingly tied to the world economy.The current imbalance in the global economy is only getting worse and global economic growth is slowing, making international competition even fiercer.The impact of the US sub-prime mortgage crisis is expanding, the value of the dollar is continuing to fall, and there is greater risk in international financial markets.Grain prices are rising and prices for petroleum and other primary products remain high in the international market.Trade protectionism has gotten worse, and trade frictions have increased.The effect of certain political factors in the international arena on world economic trends cannot be overlooked.All this could adversely affect China's economic development.China is now in a critical period in its reform and development, and we must be fully prepared for changes in the international environment and become better able to defuse risks.– The government's self-improvement efforts and administration need to be strengthened.We are keenly aware that the work and accomplishments of the government still fall somewhat short of what circumstances require and the people expect.The functions of government have not been completely transformed, and public administration and public services are still weak.Some government departments have overlapping responsibilities, their powers and responsibilities are not well matched, some try to shirk their responsibilities, and their performance is poor.Some government employees have an inadequate sense of responsibility toward the public and are not competent enough.Oversight mechanisms and checks on government authority are not strong enough.The problems of formalism and bureaucratic behavior are fairly common, and fraud, extravagance and waste, and corruption are quite serious.We must remain clear-headed at all times, be more mindful of potential danger, be highly responsible to the country and the people, maintain a high sense of mission and urgency, work even more industriously, and successfully carry out all of the government's work.Fellow Deputies，The achievements of the past five years have not come easily.They were built on a foundation laid through many years of reform and opening up, and are attributable to the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, which has effectively managed the overall situation.Credit also goes to the hard work and concerted effort of the people of all the ethnic groups in China, and to the support and assistance of overseas Chinese nationals and foreign friends.Displaying indomitable determination, courage and will, the Chinese people have overcome untold difficulties and challenges and accomplished major tasks.On behalf of the State Council, I would like to sincerely thank the people of all the ethnic groups, the democratic parties, the people's organizations and people from all sectors of society.I would like to express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese nationals.I would like to thank governments of other countries, international organizations and foreign friends of China around the world for their understanding of and support for China's modernization.II.Major Tasks for 2008
This is the first year for comprehensively implementing the guiding principles set out at the Seventeenth CPC National Congress.We face arduous tasks in reform and development, and it is very important for us to successfully carry out the work of the government.The basic guidelines and major tasks for the government's work are as follows: We must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;fully apply the Scientific Outlook on Development;attach greater importance to improving macroeconomic regulation, promoting reform, opening up and independent innovation, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality of development, conserving resources and protecting the environment, and improving people's lives and promoting social harmony;promote socialist economic, political, cultural and social development;and accelerate the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We have set the following targets for economic and social development in 2008: On the basis of improving the economic structure, productivity, energy efficiency and environmental protection, the GDP should grow by about 8%, and the rise in the CPI should be held at around 4.8%.Ten million jobs should be created in urban areas, and the rate of registered urban unemployment should be kept at around 4.5%.Some improvement should be made in the balance of payments.It is important to note here that in setting the GDP growth target at around 8% for 2008, we have taken into account a variety of domestic and international factors.Our goal is to maintain both steady and fast economic growth, and guide all sectors of society to concentrate on changing the pattern of development, deepening reform and accelerating social development.The different regions should not just seek faster growth or compete with each other to have the highest growth rate.We should promote both sound and fast economic and social development.The major considerations in setting the target for keeping the CPI this year at around 4.8% are as follows: Last year's price increases are still exerting a fairly strong influence and quite a few factors are creating inflationary pressure, making it difficult to bring price increases under control.At the same time, we have to take into consideration the ability of individuals, enterprises and all sectors of society to tolerate price increases and try our best to avoid sharp price increases.To attain the targets and accomplish the tasks for this year's economic and social development, we must adhere to the following principles: We must make progress while maintaining stability and aim for fast yet steady economic development.We must give priority to the quality rather than speed of development and accelerate improvement in the pattern of economic development.We must pursue reform and opening up and attach great importance to promoting institutional improvements and innovations.We must put people first and accelerate social development, with the focus on improving people's lives.The primary task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent fast economic growth from becoming overheated growth and keep structural price increases from turning into significant inflation.There are quite a few uncertainties in the current economic situation at home and abroad, so we need to keep close track of new developments and problems, properly size up situations and take prompt and flexible measures to respond to them while keeping our feet firmly rooted in reality.We need to maintain the appropriate pace, focus and intensity of macroeconomic regulation to sustain steady and fast economic development and avoid drastic fluctuations in the economy.We need to concentrate on the following nine tasks this year:
1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to maintain fast yet steady economic development.In view of the current domestic and international economic situation we need to follow a prudent fiscal policy and a tight monetary policy this year to accomplish the tasks for macroeconomic regulation.Continuing to follow a prudent fiscal policy means that we must ensure the continuity and consistency of fiscal policy, get public finance to fully play its important role in promoting structural adjustment and balanced development, and increase expenditures to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform.In addition, we need to further reduce the budget deficit and the volume of long-term development treasury bonds.The deficit for the central government budget this year is set at 180 billion yuan, 65 billion yuan less than last year.We plan to issue 30 billion yuan of treasury bonds for investment, 20 billion yuan less than last year, and increase allocations from the central government budget for general development, bringing total central government investment in development projects up to 152.1 billion yuan.We will continue to adjust the structure of government spending and investment by greatly increasing spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the social safety net, medical and health care, education, culture, energy conservation and emissions reduction, and construction of low-rent housing.We will work hard to increase revenue and reduce expenditures, tighten tax collection and management in accordance with the law, improve management of non-tax revenue, and control regular expenditures.We need to reform the management of government investment to improve the performance of investments.Government revenue surplus must be used wisely.Total government revenue exceeded the targeted figure by more than 723.9 billion yuan last year, including 416.8 billion yuan in the central government budget.Surplus revenue should be concentrated on solving problems that have a direct bearing on people's lives, making institutional and structural improvements and strengthening weak links.Spending on the following items will be increased in accordance with the law: rebates on the consumption tax and value-added tax and general transfer payments to local governments;agriculture, forestry, water conservancy projects, education, culture, science, the social safety net, medical and health care, legal aid, construction of low-rent housing, energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection;and resolution of debts for rural compulsory education, debts of state-owned grain enterprises and other long-overdue payments.In addition, the budget deficit should be reduced by 45 billion yuan and the central budget stability and regulation fund should be increased by 103.2 billion yuan.The decision to follow a tight monetary policy was based on the following considerations: the strong possibility of a resurgence in fixed asset investment, continued excessive supplies of money and credit, the still-unsolved problem of excess liquidity, and considerable inflationary pressure.For these reasons, we must improve financial regulation to control the excessively rapid growth in the supplies of money and credit.First, we will step up efforts to curb excess liquidity by using a combination of open market operations and the required deposit reserve ratio.We will make appropriate use of the lever of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime to make the exchange rate more flexible.Second, with the focus on improving the credit structure, we will strictly follow requirements for granting loans and guarantee some loans while restricting others.We will limit the increase in long-and medium-term loans, particularly to enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting and enterprises in industries with excess production capacity.We will make innovations and improvements in bank credit services, improve the systems of guarantees and interest discounts, and increase credit support for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, service industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, independent innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, and balancing regional development.Third, we will deepen reform of the foreign exchange administration system.We will improve the system for foreign exchange settlements and sales and payments in foreign exchange, tighten oversight on the flow of capital across borders, and move steadily toward making the RMB convertible for capital accounts.We will develop new channels and means for using foreign exchange reserves.Comprehensive measures will be adopted to improve the balance of payments.One major task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent the overall price level from rising rapidly.To fulfill this task, we must take powerful measures to increase effective supply while curbing excessive demand.First, we must expand production, especially the production of the basic necessities of life such as grain, vegetable oil and meat as well as other commodities in short supply.We must also earnestly implement policies and measures designed to support production and ensure coordination in the production, transport and sale of products.Second, we must strictly control industrial use of grain and grain exports.The reckless expansion of the capacity for intensive corn processing and construction work on such projects that violate regulations must be stopped.Third, we need to speed up improvement of the reserve system, improve methods for adjusting reserves and import and export volumes, and appropriately increase imports of major consumer goods that are in short supply on the domestic market.Fourth, we need to ensure that the timing and the size of government adjustments to prices are appropriate, and necessary adjustment of prices of resource products and public services should also be strictly controlled to prevent waves of price increases.Fifth, we need to improve the early-warning system to monitor supply and demand and price changes of principal agricultural products and primary products, and put in place a plan for responding to drastic changes in market supply and demand and prices.Sixth, we must strengthen market and price oversight and pay close attention to the oversight and inspection of prices and charges related to education, medical care, drugs, agricultural supplies, agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Illegal activities such as colluding or hoarding to drive up prices will be punished in accordance with the law.Seventh, we need to promptly improve and implement measures to aid the low-income sector of the population.In particular, we need to increase subsidies to poor people and students from poor families to ensure that their basic living standards do not drop because of price increases.Eighth, we must work to make sure that the prices of the means of production, particularly agricultural supplies, do not rise rapidly.Ninth, we will continue to implement the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the “rice bag”(grain supply)program and city mayors for the “vegetable basket”(nonstaple food supply)program.Governments at all levels must give high priority to keeping prices stable because price stability has a direct bearing on the quality of people's lives.The country currently has an adequate stock of grain, and the supply of major manufactured consumer goods exceeds demand.We can ensure adequate supply in the market and basic price stability as long as governments at all levels work to improve their leadership, diligently implement all policies and measures, and mount a concerted effort from the highest to the lowest level.The recent disaster resulting from snow and ice storms caused significant losses to China's economy and made life very difficult for disaster victims.We will continue the work of repairing the damage and minimizing losses from the disaster.Affected infrastructure will be promptly repaired, with the focus on restoring power grids.Agricultural production will be resumed as soon as possible.We will closely coordinate supplies of coal, electricity, petroleum and transportation to help disaster victims get back on their feet.In addition, we will learn from this large-scale natural disaster.We must accelerate development of infrastructure, including electricity, transportation and communications, to improve its capacity to resist disasters and maintain normal operations.We must improve the systems and mechanisms for responding to disasters to increase our ability to prevent and handle emergencies.We must step up research to better understand the features and patterns of natural disasters under modern conditions and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate them.2.Strengthening agriculture as the foundation of the economy, promoting development of agriculture and increasing farmer incomes.We will do everything possible to ensure a good harvest this year and work to increase farmer incomes and build a new socialist countryside.We will concentrate on the following three areas:
First, we will vigorously develop grain production and ensure the supply of agricultural products.Grain security has an overall bearing on economic and social development and affects the vital interests of the people, so we must always pay close attention to grain production.We must effectively keep the area sown to grain crops stable and increase the yield per unit area.We will increase support for major grain-producing areas and grain farmers, carry out the grain strategy project and speed up efforts to establish core grain-producing areas to enhance the overall grain production capacity and become more able to ensure adequate supplies.While working to increase agricultural output, we also need to improve the structure of grain varieties grown and promote a constant increase in the production of important agricultural products.We will conscientiously implement policies and measures to boost pig production, dairy farming and oilseed production.We will energetically develop animal husbandry and aquaculture and support and promote their large-scale development as well as healthy farming practices.We will promote standardization of agricultural production to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.Second, we will intensify development of the agricultural infrastructure.We will speed up efforts to reinforce large and medium-sized reservoirs and dilapidated key small reservoirs.We will improve irrigated areas, build small water conservancy facilities and work hard to develop water-efficient irrigation.We will increase efforts to develop, improve and reclaim land, upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland, improve the productivity of farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will step up rural infrastructure development in drinking water supplies, roads, power grids, telecommunications and cultural facilities, vigorously develop rural public transportation systems and improve the rural living environment.We will provide safe drinking water for another 32 million rural residents and support the building of a number of large and medium-sized methane facilities to serve an additional five million rural families.Third, we will develop more channels to increase rural incomes.We will accelerate the development of high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, eco-friendly and safe agriculture and support the development of industrialized agricultural operations and pacesetting enterprises.We will increase efforts to build a modern marketing and retail distribution network for rural areas, strengthen and upgrade rural secondary and tertiary industries, develop township and village enterprises and strengthen county economies.We will step up vocational education and technical training in rural areas to make it easier for rural residents to find nonagricultural employment, and develop the labor economy.We will intensify poverty alleviation efforts through development and continue to reduce the number of poor people.The major measures we are going to take are as follows:
First, we will greatly increase funding.This year's increases in budgetary support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, state fixed asset investment in the countryside and the proportion of government land transfer income used for rural development will all be considerably higher than last year's increases.We will adjust the way tax revenues from the use of farmland for nonagricultural purposes are used and reform methods for using urban construction and maintenance tax receipts to increase funding for rural development.Allocations from this year's central government budget related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers total 562.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 130.7 billion yuan.Second, we will strengthen agricultural support policies.We will increase direct subsidies for grain producers and general direct subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies.We will expand both the size and scope of subsidies for using superior seed varieties.We will subsidize the purchase of more kinds of agricultural machinery and tools and raise such subsidies.Starting this year, eligibility for these subsidies will be expanded to all agricultural counties.We will raise the minimum grain purchase prices based on actual conditions.Third, we will adhere to the strictest possible system for protecting farmland, and in particular we will increase protection of basic farmland.We will carefully examine and adjust the amounts and standards for land use in all types of plans in accordance with the master plan for land use, strictly follow the system for controlling land use, rigorously manage rural land used for collective and private construction projects in accordance with the law, and resolutely put a stop to illegal appropriation of arable land and forested areas.Fourth, we will improve the system for spreading agricultural science and technology and providing agricultural technical services.We will work harder to make innovations in agricultural science and technology and apply advances in agricultural science and technology, and improve the diverse array of mainly nonprofit agricultural technical services.We will accelerate agricultural mechanization.We will improve the systems for superior seed varieties, information, and the quality and safety of agricultural products, and for preventing and mitigating disasters, and do a good job preventing and controlling animal epidemics, plant diseases and insect pests.We will expand trial soil testing to determine appropriate fertilizer formulas.Fifth, we will carry out rural reform in all areas.We will accelerate overall rural reform.We will adopt effective measures to actively yet prudently reduce the debts of townships and villages.The central and local governments will increase budgetary funding to basically clear up overdue debts for rural compulsory education in about three years.We will adhere to the basic system for rural operations and stabilize and improve land contract relationships.We will improve the market for the compensated, voluntary transfer of land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and allow diverse forms of farming operations to develop to an appropriate scale where conditions permit.We will work hard to develop specialized farmer cooperatives.We will carry out comprehensive reform of the system of collective forest rights.3.Promoting economic adjustment and changing the pattern of development.We will continue to boost domestic demand, adjust the balance of investment and consumption, and promote the shift from the pattern of economic growth that relies mainly on investment and exports to one that relies on a balanced combination of consumption, investment and exports.It is essential to appropriately control the scale of fixed asset investment and improve the investment structure.We will maintain strict control over the availability of land, credit and market access, and pay particular attention to strengthening and standardizing supervision of new projects to ensure they meet all the conditions for launching.Haphazard investment and unneeded development projects in energy intensive and highly polluting industries and industries with excess production capacity will be resolutely stopped, and market access will be tightened and capital requirements will be increased for industries whose development is discouraged.Work on illegal projects will be resolutely stopped.We will increase support for weak links and key areas in economic and social development and give more support to the central and western regions.We must tighten control over the amount of land used for development projects, especially for industrial purposes, and hold the total amount of land used this year to last year's level.We must respond to new conditions and situations by improving guidance, regulation and oversight for all types of investment activities in the country.We will continue to promote independent innovation as the central link in efforts to change the pattern of development.We need to diligently implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development and fully launch and implement key national projects, including those to develop large aircraft, control pollution in bodies of water, and develop large-scale oil and gas fields and coal seam gas operations.We will carry out plans for basic research, high-tech research, and research to provide scientific and technological support for development.We will work to make major breakthroughs in key technologies for producing vehicles powered by new energy sources, developing high-speed railway transport and saving water in industries.We will promote development of the national innovation system, focusing on building a number of national laboratories, national engineering centers, platforms to support enterprise innovation and enterprise technology centers to strengthen China's science and technology infrastructure.We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology and coordinate and improve resource distribution.The central government will spend 113.4 billion yuan on science and technology in 2008, a year-on-year increase of 13.4 billion yuan.We will improve and implement the policy to support independent innovation, get enterprises to fully play their role as the main parties responsible for technological innovation, and encourage and guide them to increase investment in R&D.We will integrate the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes and develop innovative enterprises.Government procurement of products produced through independent innovation will be increased.Trials in the use of venture capital will be expanded.We will implement the intellectual property rights strategy.We will expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries.We will promote improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure.We will keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and promote integration of IT application with industrialization.We will work to develop new-and high-technology industries, reinvigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, upgrade traditional industries and accelerate the development of service industries, particularly modern services.We will continue the major projects to apply high technologies in the production of new-type displays, broadband communications and network equipment, and biomedicine.We will get national new and high technology development zones to fully play their role in pooling resources, guiding development and boosting development in surrounding areas.We will promote domestic R&D and production of important equipment and key spare parts and components, with the focus on key areas such as large clean and highly efficient power generating units, high-grade digital machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment.We will give higher priority to geological work to improve prospecting for and exploitation of natural resources.We will strongly develop the modern energy and raw materials industries and better integrate the transportation system.We will promote balanced development among regions.We will extensively promote the large-scale development of the western region, and launch a number of key projects and support the development of key areas on a priority basis.We will continue to protect natural forests, prevent and control desertification, and reverse and prevent the development of stony deserts, and will implement a follow-up policy to consolidate progress made in converting retired farmland to forests.We will implement the plan to reinvigorate northeast China, and support the development of advanced equipment manufacturing and modern agriculture and the economic transformation of areas depending on resources that are now exhausted.We will formulate and implement a plan to boost development of the central region and implement and improve relevant policies.We will encourage the eastern region to lead the country in development and improve its international competitiveness.We will give more support to old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas to help them develop.We will adopt and implement a plan and policy for development priority zones.4.Increasing efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment, and ensuring product quality and safety.This year is crucial for meeting the obligatory targets for energy conservation and emissions reduction set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and we must increase our sense of urgency and intensify efforts to make greater progress.First, we will implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries.We will also put in place a mechanism for closing down these facilities and improve and implement support policies and measures for shutting down enterprises.In addition, we will step up efforts to develop advanced production facilities in these industries in accordance with the plan.Second, we will focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects.We need to accelerate work on the ten major energy conservation projects.We will increase the urban sewage treatment capacity and strive to reach the goal of 100% collection and treatment of sewage in 36 large cities within two years.Charges for discharging wastewater and for sewage treatment and garbage disposal will be appropriately raised.Building standards will be upgraded and strictly enforced to encourage the development of better wall materials and construction of energy-efficient buildings.We will make steady progress in reforming the urban heating system and public utilities.Third, we will develop and apply advanced and appropriate technologies to save, replace and reuse resources and control pollution, and carry out projects to develop and demonstrate major energy conservation and emissions reduction technologies.We will energetically develop the energy conservation service industry and the environmental protection industry.We will develop clean and renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy.Fourth, we will prevent and control pollution in key river valleys and regions, including the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Three Gorges Reservoir area.We will implement the master plan for protecting the environment of the Bohai Sea.National standards will have stricter limits for discharge of pollutants in key river valleys.Fifth, we will intensify protection of rural drinking water sources, and work to control sewage and garbage pollution and industrial pollution in rural areas.We will also strengthen control of pollution from livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture as well as agricultural nonpoint source pollution.Sixth, we will encourage and support the development of a circular economy and promote recycling and reuse of renewable resources.We will also promote cleaner production in all industries.Seventh, we will strengthen efforts to protect, conserve and intensively use natural resources, including land, water, grasslands, forests and minerals, and take stern measures to combat illegal mining of mineral resources.We will effectively protect marine resources, use them wisely, and develop the marine economy.We will intensify China's basic research efforts in meteorology, earthquake science, and surveying and mapping to strengthen these areas.Eighth, we will implement the national plan to respond to climate change to strengthen China's ability to respond to climate change.Ninth, we will improve the mechanism for rewarding those who conserve energy and resources and protect the environment and punishing those who waste energy and resources and harm the environment.We will also employ statistical and monitoring systems for conserving energy and reducing emissions, and improve the auditing and supervision systems, increase law enforcement efforts, and tighten the accountability system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.Tenth, we will enhance public awareness of the importance of a culture of conservation and encourage the entire nation to participate in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.Resource conservation and environmental protection must continue from generation to generation to make our mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.We will intensify efforts to ensure product quality and safety.First, we will accelerate efforts to formulate or update national standards for product quality and safety.This year, we will complete the formulation or updating of more than 7,700 national standards for the safety of food products, drugs and other consumer goods to put in place a sound system of standards for product safety.All requirements and testing methods for the safety and quality of food and other consumer goods will comply with international standards.China's exports will meet both international standards and the laws and regulations on technical standards of the importing countries.Second, we will improve legal guarantees for product quality and safety.We need to promptly enact or revise laws and regulations pertaining to product quality and safety, and improve the mechanism for effectively coordinating administrative law enforcement and criminal justice to increase punishment for enterprises that violate such laws and regulations.Third, we will improve the oversight and control systems for product quality and safety.We will follow to the letter the regulations for issuing production permits and mandatory certificates and for registration and record keeping to strictly control market access.We will raise the requirements for production permits and tighten market access for products related to people's health and safety.We need to strengthen quality and safety oversight for essential products such as food and drugs, and strictly control the quality of exports and imports.We will diligently follow the accountability system for product quality and safety.It is imperative that the people feel confident about the safety of food and other consumer goods and that our exports have a good reputation.5.Deepening economic reform and opening wider to the outside world.It has been 30 years since China introduced the reform and opening up policy, which has brought about great historic changes to the country.However, China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come.To further promote unfettered development of the productive forces, promote greater social fairness and justice, and attain the magnificent goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and modernizing China, we must continue to unswervingly implement the reform and opening up policy.We will concentrate on the following areas this year.We will advance the reform of SOEs and improve their ownership structure.We will continue to adjust state-owned assets and reorganize SOEs.We need to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholding corporations.We will improve corporate governance, carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies, separate SOEs' secondary businesses from their core businesses, and convert the former into independent companies.We will expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital.We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public oversight of them.We need to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion.We will protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.We will advance the reform of collectively owned enterprises and develop diverse forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will conscientiously implement the policies for encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of individual-proprietorship businesses and private companies in the nonpublic sector of the economy.In particular, we will help them solve problems related to market access and financial support.We will deepen reform of the fiscal and taxation systems and accelerate improvement in the public finance system.We will reform the budget system and tighten budgetary management and oversight.We need to improve and standardize the system of transfer payments, raise the volume and proportion of general transfer payments and increase spending on public services.We will energetically push ahead with the reform of fiscal systems at and below the provincial level.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax will be comprehensively enforced.We will reform the system of resource taxes and fees, and improve the compensation systems for use of resources and for damage caused to the ecosystem.We will carry forward the trial VAT reform and formulate a plan to carry out the reform nationwide.We will speed up reform of the financial system and strengthen financial oversight.We will continue deepening reform of the banking industry, focusing on the introduction of a shareholding system in the Agriculture Bank of China and the reform of the China Development Bank.A deposit insurance system will be set up.We will accelerate rural financial reform and strengthen the role of the Agriculture Bank of China, the Agricultural Development Bank of China and the China Postal Savings Bank in serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers.We will continue to deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives and actively promote the development of new types of financial institutions in rural areas.We will improve the structure of the capital market, promote steady and sound development of the stock markets, strive to improve the performance of listed companies, and maintain an open, fair and equitable market environment.We will establish a market for growth enterprises, accelerate development of the bond market and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance industry, vigorously extend the scope of agricultural insurance, and successfully carry out trials of policy-supported agricultural insurance.We will take stern measures to combat violations of financial laws and regulations and guard against and defuse financial risks to maintain financial stability and security.We will expand the breadth and depth of China's openness and make its economy more open.We will accelerate change in the pattern of foreign trade growth, improve the mix of exports, encourage the export of products with Chinese intellectual property rights and trademarks, and raise the quality, grade and added value of exports while maintaining steady export growth.We need to increase export of services and encourage foreign businesses to outsource services to China.We will energetically increase imports, with the focus on advanced technology and equipment, important raw materials, and key spare parts and components.We will improve the mix of industries using foreign investment and their geographic distribution, and steadily make service industries more open.We will limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation, and correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investment.We will make innovations in the way we make investments and engage in cooperation overseas, and improve and implement policies and measures to support Chinese enterprises wishing to “go global.” We will strengthen bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.We will continue to promote talks on free trade zones and honor the treaties we have signed.We are committed to an equitable international trade order.In carrying out reform and opening up, we will accelerate the development of a modern market system, energetically develop modern logistics, intensify efforts to ensure orderly markets and promote the development of a credit system for individuals.6.Paying closer attention to social development to ensure the wellbeing of the people and improve their lives.We will continue to give priority to developing education.First, we will make free compulsory education universally available in both urban and rural areas.We will continue increasing regular expenditures for rural compulsory education and raise the level of budgetary allocations.We will appropriately increase living allowances for poor rural students residing on campus.We will take steps to ensure that children from poor families and children of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy the same access to compulsory education as others.After running trials in selected areas, we will completely stop collecting tuition and miscellaneous fees from all urban students receiving compulsory education starting this fall.This is another major measure for promoting balanced development of compulsory education and equal access to education.Second, we must vigorously develop vocational education.We will strengthen the basic conditions for vocational education and deepen reform of the systems for administering, running and investing in vocational education programs in order to turn out high-quality skilled personnel.Third, we must raise the quality of higher education.We will improve the structure of academic disciplines and develop high-quality universities and key disciplines.Regular institutions of higher learning will continue to favor students in the central and western regions in expanding their enrollments.To successfully provide education of various kinds and at different levels, we must focus on the following three tasks.One, we must ensure that all students receive a well-rounded education, and promote educational reforms and innovations.We will deepen the reform of curricula, methods of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality, and lighten the study load of primary and secondary school students.Two, we must improve the quality of teachers, especially in rural areas, and improve and implement the system of wages, allowances and subsidies for teachers.Three, we must increase investment in education.This year, central government allocation for education will increase from last year's total of 107.6 billion yuan to 156.2 billion yuan, and local governments will also increase their spending.We will further standardize the collection of education-related fees.We will standardize nonpublic education programs and encourage their development.China cannot modernize if education is not made universally available and if its quality is not improved.We must ensure that our children receive a good education, provide education that satisfies the needs of the people and improve the overall quality of the population.We will promote the reform and development of health care.Efforts will be focused on four areas:
First, we will accelerate the establishment of a system to ensure access to medical care for both urban and rural residents.We will expand the number of urban workers covered by basic medical insurance, and extend the trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents to over 50% of China's cities.We will fully implement the new type of rural cooperative medical care system in all rural areas.Within two years, we will raise the standard for financing from 50 yuan to 100 yuan per person per year, with central and local government contributions to be raised from 40 yuan to 80 yuan per person.We will improve the urban and rural assistance program for medical care.Second, we will improve the public health service system.We will prevent and treat major diseases, implement policies and measures to increase the number of diseases covered in the state plan for immunization against communicable diseases, and provide free treatment for more people suffering from diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis.We need to work harder to prevent and treat endemic, occupational and mental diseases.We must do a good job in work related to the health of women and children.We will implement a policy of granting allowances to rural women in the central and western regions giving birth in hospitals.We will improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for public health services.Third, we will continue development of the medical service systems for urban and rural areas.We will focus on improving the county, township, village three-tier rural health service network and the urban community-based medical and health service system.We will train more general practitioners, nurses and rural doctors and encourage high-caliber health workers to work in village and community clinics.Trial reform of public hospitals will be carried out.Measures will be formulated and implemented to support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the folk medicines of ethnic minorities.Fourth, we will set up a national system for basic drugs and a system for ensuring drug supply to ensure the quality and adequate supply of basic drugs and hold down prices.This year the central government will allocate 83.2 billion yuan to support the reform and development of health care, an increase of 16.7 billion yuan over last year, with the focus of spending on facilities at the urban community and village level.Last year the State Council commissioned a study of the issue of how to deepen reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.A preliminary plan has been produced and will soon be publicized to solicit opinions from the general public.The basic goal of the reform is to maintain the public service nature of public medical and health care services and set up a basic medical and health care system to provide people with basic medical and health care services that are safe, effective, convenient and affordable.We must resolutely carry out this reform to provide everyone with access to basic medical and health services and improve their health.We will improve work related to population and family planning.We will adhere to the current policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low, improve the health of newborns and adopt a full range of measures to address the gender imbalance in babies.We will fully implement the special assistance system for families that comply with family planning regulations, extend the coverage of the reward system for rural families that comply with the regulations, implement the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in more areas, and raise the level of rewards and assistance.We will improve services for the floating population and tighten supervision of them to ensure that they comply with the family planning policy.We will attach great importance to programs for the elderly, effectively protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and show concern for people with physical and mental disabilities and support programs benefiting them.We will strive to expand employment.We will strictly enforce the Employment Promotion Law and the Labor Contract Law.We will continue to follow a vigorous employment policy, adhere to the principle of expanding employment by encouraging business startups, strengthen job training and training in how to start a business, encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses, and support the establishment of small enterprises.We will speed up development of a human resources market with uniform standards for both urban and rural areas, improve the public employment service system, and promote the creation of an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally.We will strengthen job placement guidance and services for college graduates.We will deepen reform of the job-placement system for people leaving military service.We will improve the aid system for job seekers, carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities, and create a permanent mechanism to help zero-employment families find jobs.We will urge all types of enterprises to sign labor contracts with their employees in accordance with the law and abide by them.We will improve the handling of labor disputes and oversight for worker protection measures and severely punish illegal employment practices.Providing adequate employment opportunities in China, which has the largest population in the world, is a daunting challenge.We must redouble our efforts to increase employment, a matter that is crucial to people's wellbeing.We will increase urban and rural incomes.The key is to adjust the distribution of the national income, deepen reform of the income distribution system, gradually raise the proportion of the national income received by individuals and raise labor's of the primary distribution of income.First, we will increase rural incomes through a variety of channels, ensure that rural migrant workers in cities get paid in full and on time, and appropriately increase allowances for the poor population.Second, we will raise the wage scale for enterprise employees and create a mechanism to ensure they get regular wage increases and ensure that they are paid regularly.We will urge enterprises to establish a system for collective bargaining for wages, improve the system of wage guidelines, and improve and comply with the minimum wage system.We will reform the method of supervising SOE payroll and strengthen oversight of wages paid by enterprises in monopoly industries.Third, we will raise the level of basic old-age benefits for retirees from enterprises every year for three years beginning January 1 this year.Fourth, we will deepen reform of the salary system for civil servants and continue efforts to standardize their subsidies and allowances.We will accelerate reform of the income distribution system in government-affiliated institutions.Fifth, we will institute a system of annual paid vacations for employees.In addition, we will further improve consumption policies, broaden the range of services available in the market, stabilize consumer expectations and increase immediate consumption.Only by appropriately spreading the fruits of economic development among the people can we win their support and maintain social harmony and stability.We will improve the social safety net.We will follow a policy of expanding the number of people covered, guaranteeing people's basic needs and pursuing multi-level and sustainable development of the system.First, we will expand the number of people covered by the social security system and improve collection of contributions to insurance funds.The focus of efforts will be on extending coverage to more rural migrant workers in cities, employees in the nonpublic sector of the economy and urban residents without fixed employment.Efforts will be made to provide basic medical insurance for retirees from closed or bankrupt enterprises and employees of enterprises with financial difficulties.Second, we will push ahead with the reform of the social security system.We will improve the system of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, combining contributions from various sources in society with personal employee retirement accounts, and expand the trial of fully funding personal accounts for old-age insurance.In addition, we will accelerate the implementation of overall planning for old-age pensions at the provincial level and work out nationwide rules for transferring social security accounts from one region to another.We will standardize and expand enterprise retirement systems that pay annuities.We will explore ways to reform basic old-age insurance in government-affiliated institutions.We will soon work out an old-age insurance system suitable for rural migrant workers in cities, and encourage local governments to carry out experiments with a rural old-age insurance system.We will accelerate improvement in unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance.Third, we will finance social security funds in various ways, strengthen their oversight, ensure their security and maintain and increase their value.Fourth, we will improve the social assistance system.We will focus on improving the systems of basic cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents and setting up a mechanism for adjusting the level of assistance in line with economic growth and price changes.We will improve the temporary assistance system, vigorously develop social welfare programs and encourage and support the development of charity programs.We will do a good job providing assistance to entitled groups and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will improve the work of disaster prevention, reduction and relief.A total of 276.2 billion yuan will be appropriated this year in the central government budget to accelerate development of the social security system, 45.8 billion yuan more than last year.Establishing a sound social safety net for both urban and rural residents to ward off uncertainties for them has a direct impact on economic and social development and is a major task in the effort to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We will promptly establish a system for ensuring housing for people.The general guiding principles for this work are as follows.1)Taking into consideration the fact that China has a large population and relatively little land available for building housing, we need to foster a scientific and rational model for housing development and home ownership.We will vigorously work to build environmentally friendly buildings that conserve energy and land, increase the supply of small and medium-sized condominiums, and guide people to obtain housing they can afford.2)We must ensure that the government and the market both play their due roles.The government's role is mainly to formulate plans and policies for housing and ensure that there is an appropriate supply of land, ensure that land is used intensively and oversee land use.Priority will be given to development of housing for low-and middle-income families.Demand for housing among high-income families will be met largely through the market.3)We need to strengthen regulation and oversight of the real estate market, standardize and maintain order in the market and promote sustained, steady and healthy development of the real estate industry.The following four measures will be adopted this year:
First, we will improve the system of low-rent housing, accelerate construction of low-rent housing, expand the supply of housing, and step up construction and tighten management of affordable housing to ease the housing difficulties of low-income urban residents.A total of 6.8 billion yuan will be allocated from the central government budget for the low-rent housing program this year, 1.7 billion yuan more than last year, and local governments will also increase funding in this area.In addition, we will work energetically to improve the living conditions of rural migrant workers in cities.Second, we will increase the supply of low-and medium-price, small and medium-sized condominiums, establish a mechanism for making investments and raising funds in various ways, and help middle-income families meet their housing needs through a variety of channels.We will improve the supply structure of urban land to provide more land for building small and medium-sized condominiums.Third, we will use a combination of tax, credit and land supply measures and improve the housing accumulation fund system to increase supply of reasonably priced housing, curb demand for high-end housing and prevent overheating in housing prices.Fourth, we will strengthen market oversight and strictly enforce the requirements for market access and the conditions for going out of business for real estate firms.We will investigate attempts to control the land and housing market through hoarding and speculation in land and housing and deal with violations in accordance with the law.In addition, we will improve planning and management of rural housing development and the safety of housing for the rural poor.We must unswervingly promote reform of the housing system and construction of housing for the benefit of the people.7.Deepening the reform of the cultural management system and promoting the vigorous development and enrichment of culture.We will further implement and improve the policies and measures to reform the cultural management system, promote cultural innovation, strengthen cultural improvement work, safeguard the basic cultural rights and interests of the people, and promote a flourishing cultural market to meet the people's ever-increasing and varied cultural needs.We will continue to educate the people in the latest advances in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, foster a common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics among the people, strongly promote a national spirit centered on patriotism and a spirit of the times centered on reform and innovation, and extensively promote education in the socialist concept of honor and disgrace.We will develop a culture of harmony, carry out the program for improving civic morality and foster civilized social conduct.Particular attention will be paid to cultivating ideals and ethics among young people.Extensive campaigns will be launched to encourage civilized behavior.We will maintain the orientation of serving the people and socialism and fully adhere to the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.We will develop philosophy and the social sciences.We will promote the vigorous development of the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and the arts.We will encourage the production of excellent cultural works.We will increase government funding to accelerate development of a system of public cultural services for the whole society and to promote development of basic public benefit cultural programs, particularly the building of more cultural facilities in urban communities and villages.We will accelerate development of multipurpose community centers in towns and townships.We will work on the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources, extend radio and television coverage to all villages, and set up reading rooms and show movies in rural areas.All public museums, memorial halls and exhibition centers of a nonprofit nature will stop charging admission fees this year or next year.We will improve the policy for developing the culture sector and speed up development of bases for the culture industry and clusters of cultural industries with regional features.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture.We will ensure order in the cultural market and continue to combat pornography and illegal publications.We will strengthen protection of our national cultural heritage.We will expand cultural exchanges with other countries.We will step up development of public sports facilities in both urban and rural areas, launch extensive public fitness programs and raise the level of competitive sports.The 2008 Olympics and Paralympics will be held in Beijing.All sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are looking forward to them, and they will be of great importance in promoting China's economic and social development and increasing friendship and cooperation between Chinese people and the peoples of other countries.We will prepare for and organize the Games well, strengthen cooperation with the international community, and create an excellent environment to ensure that the Games are a unique, well-run sporting event.8.Stepping up development of socialist democracy and the socialist legal system and promoting social fairness and justice.We will deepen reform of political institutions and advance socialist political standards.We will expand people's democracy, improve democratic institutions, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we will carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to ensure the people's rights to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs.We will develop democracy at the community level, improve the system of governance by the people at the community level, expand the scope of their autonomy, strengthen urban and rural communities, and make the running of governments, villages and factories more transparent.We will bring into play the positive role of civic organizations in expanding public participation in government affairs and voicing the concerns of the people to improve the ability of society to govern itself.We will fully adhere to the rule of law as a fundamental principle.We will step up the drafting of proposed legislation by the government and improve the quality of such legislation.The drafting of such legislation this year will focus on improving people's lives, promoting social development, conserving energy and resources, and protecting the ecosystem.In the course of doing so, we need to seek views from many sources.In principle, we will release drafts to the public to solicit their opinions when formulating all administrative rules and regulations that bear on the interests of the people.We will appropriately delineate and adjust the powers and duties of administrative law enforcement agencies, and strengthen oversight and fully implement the responsibility system for administrative law enforcement.We will improve the system of government administration in accordance with the law at the municipal and county levels.We will ensure that administrative charges are collected in a standardized way and reform and improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for the judicial system and for law enforcement.We will improve the filing and inspection procedures for laws, rules, regulations and regulatory documents.Systems of administrative review and administrative compensation and reparation will be improved.We will ensure that people have adequate access to legal services and assistance.We will increase publicity and education concerning the law in order to create a good social environment in which the people conscientiously study, abide by and apply the law.We will improve public administration.We will increase efforts to improve civic organizations and improve the system of public administration at the community level.We will do a good job handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public and improve the system for handling complaints.We will improve the mechanism for mediating social tensions and properly handle problems among the people to protect their legitimate rights and interests.We will improve the public security system for the prevention and control of crime, maintain law and order through a full range of measures and launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security.We will reform and intensify community policing in both urban and rural areas and improve services for and management of the floating population.Focusing on addressing serious public security issues and improving conditions in areas with poor public order, we will work to prevent crime and crack down on crime and illegal activities in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property and ensure social stability.We will redouble our efforts to safeguard national security.We will strengthen efforts to ensure workplace safety.We will work harder to prevent serious and major accidents by addressing their root causes.We will consolidate and build upon progress in bringing coalmine gas buildup under control, improve coalmine safety and shut down coalmines that do not meet safety standards.We will continue to carry out campaigns to address safety problems in key industries and areas.We will work harder to identify and eliminate hidden perils, and improve the system for controlling major hazards and monitoring major sources of danger and the system for forecasting, giving early warning, preventing, responding to and mitigating disasters.We will tighten oversight for workplace safety in accordance with the law and rigorously investigate industrial accidents and prosecute those responsible for them.9.Accelerating reform of the administrative system and intensifying government self-improvement.Reform of the administrative system is an important link in deepening reform, an important part of the reform of political institutions, and an essential step in improving the socialist market economy.In reforming the administrative system, we should adhere to the following general principles and requirements: We must put people first and govern for the people.We should see to it that this reform proceeds in line with development of socialist democracy and the socialist market economy.Decisions must be made scientifically and democratically;the government must be run in accordance with the law, and administrative oversight needs to be strengthened.We need to make innovations in management and institutions and make full use of the initiative of both the central government and local governments.Efforts should be focused on changing functions, straightening out inter-departmental relationships, improving the structure and raising efficiency in order to develop an administrative system in which powers are commensurate with responsibilities, the division of work among departments is appropriate, decisions are scientific, enforcement is carried out smoothly and oversight is effective.First, we must accelerate the transformation of government functions.This is central to deepening reform of the administrative system.We need to improve the division of responsibilities among government departments, ensure that all departments properly execute their functions and strive to build a service-oriented government.While improving regulation of the economy and the market, we must increase efforts to improve public administration and public services, safeguard social justice and order, and ensure equal access for all to basic public services.We will attach great importance to the role of civil organizations such as industrial associations and chambers of commerce in this area.Second, we must deepen reform of government bodies.Our current plan for the reform of bodies of the State Council mainly centers on changing the way the government functions, appropriately dividing responsibilities among departments that exercise macroeconomic regulation, adjusting and improving bodies in charge of industrial management, and improving departments responsible for public administration and public services.The plan explores ways to establish larger departments that organically integrate the functions of smaller departments.To resolve the problem of overlapping responsibilities and of powers not being matched by responsibilities, the plan clearly defines the responsibilities and powers of each department, clarifies the relationship of responsibilities among departments, and improves the mechanism for interdepartmental coordination and cooperation.The plan will be submitted to you for deliberation and approval.Third, we must improve the mechanism of administrative oversight.We need to use institutions to oversee the exercise of power, the handling of government affairs and the management of personnel.We will strengthen oversight of the exercise of administrative power and standardize procedures for administrative approval.We will strengthen the mutual oversight between higher-and lower-level authorities, get oversight bodies such as supervision and auditing departments to fully play their role, and conscientiously accept oversight by all sectors of society.We will adhere to the administrative accountability system and government performance management system.The competence of public servants will be strengthened.We will strictly enforce the law and the code of conduct for government employees and resolutely put a stop to non-compliance with government decrees and continued occurrences of banned practices.We will strive to make government affairs more open by enhancing the government information release system and improving the various types of administrative systems for transparency in government affairs to increase the transparency of government functions and create conditions to enable the people to oversee the government more effectively.Fourth, we will strengthen efforts to ensure clean government.We will attach even greater importance to combating corruption and encouraging integrity, and fight corruption unequivocally.We will effectively improve the system for preventing and punishing corruption in accordance with the principle of addressing both the symptoms and root causes of corruption and taking a dual approach that combines prevention and punishment, with the emphasis on prevention.In particular, we need to tackle the problems of excessive concentration of power and lack of checks on power.We will address fundamentals to improve regulations and institutions and standardize management of public resources such as transfer payments, development of land and mineral resources, government procurement and the transfer of state-owned assets.We will strengthen special campaigns to address people's pressing concerns related to problems concerning environmental protection, food and drug safety, workplace safety, land acquisition and expropriation, and housing demolition, to resolutely stop irregular practices that hurt public interests.We will strongly advocate hard work and plain living and firmly oppose extravagance and waste.We will prosecute all violations of the law and discipline, strictly curb bribery in business, resolutely bring corrupt people to justice and prosecute them to the full extent of the law.Fellow Deputies，China is a unified, multiethnic country.We must promote unity among all ethnic groups and make a concerted effort to achieve prosperity and development for all.We will follow and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, promote economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and consolidate and develop socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony.We will faithfully follow the Party's basic principles on work related to religions, adhere to the Regulations on Religious Affairs, and enable religious figures and religious believers to play a positive role in advancing economic and social development.We need to do a good job handling affairs related to overseas Chinese nationals in the new era and make full use of the role of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives in China's modernization and the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherland.Improving national defense and the military is a strategic task in developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must balance economic development and national defense development to make China prosperous and the armed forces strong as we carry out modernization.We must always follow the guidance of Mao Zedong's military thinking, Deng Xiaoping's thinking on building the army in the new period and Jiang Zemin's thinking on strengthening the national defense and the army, truly implement the important guidelines of Comrade Hu Jintao on national defense and the army under the new circumstances, and take the Scientific Outlook on Development as an important guiding principle for developing national defense and the army.Our aim is to enable the army to fully carry out its historic mission in the new stage in the new century, enhance its ability to respond to security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks, staunchly protect China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, and provide strong support for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We will strengthen efforts to improve the People's Armed Police Force to improve its ability to enforce the law, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will intensify national defense education to raise public awareness of the importance of national defense.We will improve the national defense mobilization system.We will strengthen unity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.We will continue to unswervingly adhere to the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and act in strict accordance with the basic laws of the two special administrative regions.We will give full support to the governments of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions in administering their regions in accordance with the law, and increase exchange and cooperation between the mainland and the two special administrative regions in economic and trade affairs, environmental protection, science and technology, education, culture, health and sports.We firmly believe that our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao will be able to do even better in administering and developing their respective regions.We will adhere to the basic principle of “peaceful reunification and one country, two systems” and follow all policies for developing relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and promoting China's peaceful reunification under the current circumstances.We will pursue the goal of promoting peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, encourage compatriots on both sides to increase contacts and common understanding, actively promote cross-Straits economic and cultural exchanges, and work for the resumption of direct links of mail, transport and trade.We will implement and improve the policies and measures designed to benefit our compatriots in Taiwan and support economic development on the west coast of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.We will work for the early resumption of cross-Straits negotiations on the basis of the one-China principle to address major issues of concern to compatriots on both sides.We firmly oppose Taiwan independence secessionist activities, and will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan from the motherland in any guise or by any means.Any issue that concerns China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must be decided by all the Chinese people, including our Taiwan compatriots.The attempts of Taiwan independence secessionist forces to deny the reality that the mainland and Taiwan belong to one and the same China and to undermine peace in the Taiwan Straits are doomed to fail.Reunification of the two sides is inevitable in the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.With the concerted efforts of all Chinese people at home and overseas, the great cause of China's reunification will surely be achieved!
In the coming year, we must continue to hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, follow an independent foreign policy of peace and a path of peaceful development, and adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up to promote the building of a harmonious world with durable peace and common prosperity.We will work hard to develop relations with developed countries, deepen good-neighborly relations and friendship with all neighboring countries, and redouble efforts to increase unity and cooperation with other developing countries.We will actively participate in multilateral diplomacy, work to find appropriate solutions to major hotspots and global issues, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese nationals and companies overseas.The Chinese government and people are ready to share development opportunities with people of all other countries and to work with them to address risks and challenges and advance the noble cause of the peace and development of humanity.Fellow Deputies，Looking back, we are encouraged by the achievements of the past five years.Looking ahead, we see an exciting future for China.Our great motherland has embarked upon a new historical course and the future holds even brighter prospects.Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, let us hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, and comprehensively apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.Let us free our minds, carry out reform and innovation, and work diligently for greater achievements in the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects!
第五篇：2016年政府工作报告中英文
2016年政府工作报告
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT ——2016年3月5日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第四次会议上 Delivered at the Fourth Session of the 12th National People's Congress
of the People's Republic of China on March 5, 2016
国务院总理李克强
Li Keqiang Premier of the State Council
各位代表：
现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
Esteemed Deputies，On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I invite comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、2015年工作回顾
Let me start with a review of the work we did in 2015.过去一年，我国发展面临多重困难和严峻挑战。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国各族人民以坚定的信心和非凡的勇气，攻坚克难，开拓进取，经济社会发展稳中有进、稳中有好，完成了全年主要目标任务，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。
In the past year, China has encountered many difficulties and challenges in its development.However, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, and with confidence and courage, all the people of China have worked to overcome obstacles and have pressed ahead with a pioneering spirit.As a result, progress has been achieved and stability ensured in economic and social development, the main tasks and targets for the year have been fulfilled, and major achievements have been made in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.——经济运行保持在合理区间。国内生产总值达到67.7万亿元，增长6.9%，在世界主要经济体中位居前列。粮食产量实现“十二连增”，居民消费价格涨幅保持较低水平。特别是就业形势总体稳定，城镇新增就业1312万人，超过全年预期目标，成为经济运行的一大亮点
--The economy operated within an appropriate range.GDP reached 67.7 trillion yuan, representing an increase of 6.9% over the previous year-a growth rate faster than that of most other major economies.Food crop production increased for the 12th year in a row.Consumer prices grew slowly.Of particular note, the employment situation overall remained stable, with 13.12 million new urban jobs created over the course of the year, surpassing the year's target and becoming an economic highlight.——结构调整取得积极进展。服务业在国内生产总值中的比重上升到50.5%，首次占据“半壁江山”。消费对经济增长的贡献率达到66.4%。高技术产业和装备制造业增速快于一般工业。单位国内生产总值能耗下降5.6%。
--Encouraging progress was made in structural adjustment.The service sector as a proportion of GDP rose to 50.5%, accounting for more than half for the first time.The contribution of consumption toward economic growth reached 66.4%.High-tech industries and equipment manufacturing grew faster than other industries.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 5.6%.——发展新动能加快成长。创新驱动发展战略持续推进，互联网与各行业加速融合，新兴产业快速增长。大众创业、万众创新蓬勃发展，全年新登记注册企业增长21.6%，平均每天新增1.2万户。新动能对稳就业、促升级发挥了突出作用，正在推动经济社会发生深刻变革。
--New driving forces for development grew rapidly.Further progress was made in implementing the strategy of innovation-driven development,the penetration of the Internet into all industries picked up pace, and emerging industries grew rapidly.Business startups and innovations by the general public flourished, with the number of newly registered businesses rising by 21.6% in 2015, or an average of 12,000 new businesses per day.New driving forces played a major role in keeping employment stable and pushing ahead industry upgrading, and are now driving profound economic and social change in China.——人民生活进一步改善。全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长7.4%，快于经济增速。去年末居民储蓄存款余额增长8.5%，新增4万多亿元。又解决6434万农村人口饮水安全问题。扶贫攻坚力度加大，农村贫困人口减少1442万人。
--Living standards improved.Personal per capita disposable income increased by 7.4% in real terms, overtaking the growth rate of the economy.By the end of last year, personal savings deposits had risen by 8.5%, an increase of more than four trillion yuan.In rural areas, another 64.34 million people gained access to safe drinking water and greater alleviation efforts reduced the number of people living in poverty by 14.42 million.科技领域一批创新成果达到国际先进水平，第三代核电技术取得重大进展，国产C919大型客机总装下线，屠呦呦获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。对我国发展取得的成就，全国各族人民倍感振奋和自豪！
A number of world-class innovations were made in science and technology.Major headway was made in the development of 3G nuclear power technology, China's self-developed C919 large jetliner rolled off the assembly line, and Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.回顾过去一年，成绩来之不易。
These achievements in China's development, a source of pride and motivation for our people, did not come easily.这些成绩，是在极为复杂严峻的国际环境中取得的。去年世界经济增速为6年来最低，国际贸易增速更低，大宗商品价格深度下跌，国际金融市场震荡加剧，对我国经济造成直接冲击和影响。
They were made in the context of an extremely complicated and challenging international environment.In 2015, world economic growth fell to its lowest rate in six years, growth in international trade slowed, commodity prices plummeted, and there was growing volatility in the global financial market.All this had a direct impact on China's economy.这些成绩，是在国内深层次矛盾凸显、经济下行压力加大的情况下取得的。面对“三期叠加”的局面，经济工作遇到不少两难甚至多难问题，需要远近结合，趋利避害，有效应对。
They were made at the same time as deep-seated domestic problems were becoming prominent and downward pressure on the economy was mounting.While dealing with the slowdown in economic growth, making difficult structural adjustments, and absorbing the effects of previous economic stimulus policies, China was also confronted with many difficult problems and choices in the running of the economy, and this called for effective responses based on the need both to combine long-term and short-term considerations and to seek benefit and avoid harm.这些成绩，是在我国经济总量超过60万亿元的高基数上取得的。现在国内生产总值每增长1个百分点的增量，相当于5年前1.5个百分点、10年前2.5个百分点的增量。经济规模越大，增长难度随之增加。
Finally, they were made at a time when China's economic output had exceeded 60 trillion yuan.Every percentage point of GDP growth today is equivalent to 1.5 percentage points of growth five years ago or 2.5 percentage points of growth ten years ago.The larger the economy grows, the greater the difficulty of achieving growth.在困难和压力面前，全国各族人民付出了极大辛劳，一步一步走了过来。这再次表明，任何艰难险阻都挡不住中国发展前行的步伐！
In the face of these difficulties and pressures, all our people have truly exerted themselves and progressed step by step to get us where we are today.This once again demonstrates that no difficulty or hardship will ever stop China from moving forward.一年来，我们主要做了以下工作：
I will now move on to discuss the main work we did last year:
一是着力稳增长调结构防风险，创新宏观调控方式。
First, we maintained stable growth, made structural adjustments, guarded against risks, and developed new ways of conducting macro regulation.为应对持续加大的经济下行压力，我们在区间调控基础上，实施定向调控和相机调控。积极的财政政策注重加力增效，扩大结构性减税范围，实行普遍性降费，盘活财政存量资金。发行地方政府债券置换存量债务3.2万亿元，降低利息负担约2000亿元，减轻了地方政府偿债压力。稳健的货币政策注重松紧适度，多次降息降准，改革存贷比管理，创新货币政策工具，加大对实体经济支持力度。扩大有效投资，设立专项基金，加强水利、城镇棚户区和农村危房改造、中西部铁路和公路等薄弱环节建设。实施重点领域消费促进工程，城乡居民旅游、网购、信息消费等快速增长。去年还积极应对股市、汇市异常波动等金融领域的多种风险挑战，守住了不发生系统性区域性风险的底线，维护了国家经济金融安全。
In responding to the mounting downward pressure on the economy, we exercised targeted and well-timed regulation on the basis of range-based regulation.We adopted proactive fiscal policy that focused on increasing intensity and efficacy by expanding the scope of structural tax reductions, reducing fees across the board, and putting dormant budgetary funds to good use.Local government bonds issued to replace outstanding debt reached 3.2 trillion yuan, lessening the interest payment burden of local governments by approximately 200 billion yuan while also reducing their debt repayment pressure.We pursued prudent monetary policy with an appropriate amount of intensity, making several cuts to interest rates and required reserve ratios, reforming management of the loan-to-deposit ratio, creating new monetary policy tools, and increasing support for the real economy.Effective investment increased, special-purpose funds were established, and development was strengthened in areas in need of attention, including water conservancy, rundown urban areas and dilapidated rural housing, and railways and highways in the central and western regions.Consumer spending was promoted in key areas, spurring rapid growth in spending on recreational travel, online shopping, and information goods and services.In 2015, we also responded proactively to a variety of risks and challenges in the financial sector, such as unusual fluctuations in the stock market and the foreign exchange market, ensuring that no systemic or regional threats arose, thus safeguarding China's economic and financial security.二是围绕激发市场活力，加大改革开放力度。我们不搞“大水漫灌”式的强刺激，而是持续推动结构性改革。深入推进简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革。取消和下放311项行政审批事项，取消123项职业资格许可和认定事项，彻底终结了非行政许可审批。工商登记前置审批精简85%，全面实施三证合一、一照一码。加强事中事后监管，优化公共服务流程。群众和企业办事更加方便，全社会创业创新热情日益高涨。
Second, we intensified reform and opening up to invigorate the market.Rather than adopting strong stimulus policies that would have an economy-wide impact, we continued to move forward with structural reform.We intensified reform to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improve regulation, and provide better services.We delegated the power or cancelled the requirement for government review for 311 items, cancelled the requirement for verification or approval for 123 professional qualifications, and put a complete stop to the practice of non-administrative review.The number of items which require government approval for new businesses prior to registration was cut by 85%, and the system of a separate business license, organization code certificate, and taxation registration certificate was replaced by a unified business license with a unified social credit code.Both operational and post-operational oversight over businesses were strengthened, and public service procedures were improved.Government-related procedures for individuals and businesses were made much simpler, such that enthusiasm for stepping out into business and making innovations is rising by the day.财税金融等重点改革深入推进。中央对地方专项转移支付项目减少三分之一，一般性转移支付规模增加。营改增稳步实施，资源税从价计征范围扩大。取消存款利率浮动上限，推出存款保险制度，建立人民币跨境支付系统。价格改革力度加大，中央政府定价项目减少80%，地方政府定价项目减少一半以上。国有企业、农村、投融资、生态文明等领域改革有序推进，全面深化改革的成效正在显现。
Fiscal, tax, financial, and other key reforms were deepened.The central government cut, by one third, the number of items for which special transfer payments are permitted, while scaling up its general transfer payments.Steady progress was made in replacing business tax with VAT.Ad valorem taxation was extended to cover more types of resource taxes.The upper limit of the floating band on deposit rates was removed, the deposit insurance system was introduced, and the RMB cross-border payment system was established.Pricing reform was intensified, with the number of central government set prices reduced by 80% and the number of local government set prices cut by more than 50%.We carried out state-owned enterprise(SOE)reforms, rural reforms, and investment and financing reforms, ecological management reforms, and others.Efforts to intensify reform in all respects are beginning to deliver results.坚持以开放促改革促发展。努力稳定对外贸易，调整出口退税负担机制，清理规范进出口环节收费，提高贸易便利化水平，出口结构发生积极变化。外商投资限制性条目减少一半，95%以上实行备案管理，实际使用外资1263亿美元，增长5.6%。非金融类对外直接投资1180亿美元，增长14.7%。推广上海自贸试验区经验，新设广东、天津、福建自贸试验区。人民币加入国际货币基金组织特别提款权货币篮子。亚洲基础设施投资银行正式成立，丝路基金投入运营。签署中韩、中澳自贸协定和中国－东盟自贸区升级议定书。“一带一路”建设成效显现，国际产能合作步伐加快，高铁、核电等中国装备走出去取得突破性进展。
Momentum was created for reform and development through opening up.We worked hard to keep foreign trade stable by adjusting the mechanism for sharing the cost of export tax rebates between the central and local governments, overhauling and regulating charges for imports and exports, increasing trade facilitation, and making changes to the export mix.The number of restrictions on overseas investment in China was cut by 50%, and over 95% of overseas-funded projects may now be undertaken on a simple reporting basis.China utilized US$126.3 billion of overseas investment, an increase of 5.6%.Non-financial outward foreign direct investment reached $118 billion, up 14.7%.Pilot free trade zones were established in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian based on the model of the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone.The RMB was included in the IMF's Special Drawing Rights basket.The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was officially inaugurated, and the Silk Road Fund opened for business.China signed free trade agreements with the Republic of Korea and Australia, respectively,and signed the Protocol to Amend the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between China and ASEAN.Progress was made in the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative(the Belt and Road Initiative), the pace of our industrial-capacity cooperation with other countries was stepped up, and breakthroughs were made in China's export of high-speed railway and nuclear power equipment.三是聚焦提质增效，推动产业创新升级。
Third, we worked to promote industrial innovation and upgrading to improve economic performance.制定实施创新驱动发展战略纲要和意见，出台推动大众创业、万众创新政策举措，落实“互联网+”行动计划，增强经济发展新动力。一大批创客走上创业创新之路。完善农业支持政策，促进农业发展方式加快转变。针对工业增速下降、企业效益下滑，我们一手抓新兴产业培育，一手抓传统产业改造提升。启动实施《中国制造2025》，设立国家新兴产业创业投资引导基金、中小企业发展基金，扩大国家自主创新示范区。积极化解过剩产能，推进企业兼并重组。近三年淘汰落后炼钢炼铁产能9000多万吨、水泥2.3亿吨、平板玻璃7600多万重量箱、电解铝100多万吨。促进生产性、生活性服务业加快发展。狠抓节能减排和环境保护，各项约束性指标超额完成。公布自主减排行动目标，推动国际气候变化谈判取得积极成果。
To strengthen the new growth engines, an innovation-driven development plan was adopted along with guidelines on its implementation, policies and measures were introduced to encourage public participation in starting businesses and making innovations, and the Internet Plus action plan was implemented.A great number of makers started businesses and made innovations.Improvements were made to policies in support of agriculture to promote transformation of the agricultural growth model.In addressing the decline in industrial growth and the downward slide incorporate performance, we worked to foster new industries and upgrade traditional ones.We launched the Made in China 2025 initiative to upgrade manufacturing, set up government funds to encourage investment in emerging industries and to develop small and medium-sized enterprises, and established more national innovation demonstration zones.We cut overcapacity and encouraged business acquisitions and restructuring.Cuts made in outdated production capacity over the past three years have included over 90 million metric tons of steel and iron, 230 million metric tons of cement, over 76 million weight cases of plate glass, and more than one million metric tons of electrolytic aluminum.The development of production-and consumer-oriented service industries picked up momentum.We took serious measures to conserve energy, reduce emissions, and protect the environment, exceeding obligatory targets.We released self-imposed emissions reduction targets and contributed to the positive outcomes of international negotiations on climate change.四是着眼开拓发展空间，促进区域协调发展和新型城镇化。
Fourth, we promoted coordinated development between regions and the new type of urbanization to expand development space.继续推动东、中、西、东北地区“四大板块”协调发展，重点推进“一带一路”建设、京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展“三大战略”，在基础设施、产业布局、生态环保等方面实施一批重大工程。制定实施促进西藏和四省藏区、新疆发展的政策措施。推进户籍制度改革，出台居住证制度，加强城镇基础设施建设，新型城镇化取得新成效。
Work continued to promote the coordinated development of the eastern region, the central region, the western region, and the northeast;priority was placed on moving forward with the Three Initiatives-the Belt and Road Initiative, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration initiative, and the Yangtze Economic Belt initiative.A number of major projects were also launched to develop infrastructure, improve the distribution of industries, and achieve ecological and environmental conservation.Policies and measures were introduced to promote the development of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Tibetan ethnic areas in the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai.We pressed ahead with the reform of the household registration system, adopted a residence certification system, and stepped up the development of urban infrastructure, making progress in developing new urbanization.五是紧扣增进民生福祉，推动社会事业改革发展。
Fifth, we promoted the reform and development of social programs to improve living standards.在财力紧张情况下，保障民生力度继续加大。推出新的政策，重点解决高校毕业生和就业困难群体的就业创业问题。城镇保障性安居工程住房基本建成772万套，棚户区住房改造开工601万套，农村危房改造432万户，一大批住房困难家庭圆了安居梦。加快改善贫困地区义务教育薄弱学校办学条件，深化中小学教师职称制度改革，重点高校招收贫困地区农村学生人数又增长10.5%。全面推开县级公立医院综合改革，拓展居民大病保险，建立重特大疾病医疗救助制度、困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴制度。提高低保、优抚、企业退休人员基本养老金等标准，推行机关事业单位养老保险制度改革并完善工资制度。加强基本公共文化服务建设。广大人民群众有了更多获得感。
Despite fiscal constraints, we continued to intensify efforts to help ensure the wellbeing of our people.New policies were launched to create jobs and business startup opportunities for college graduates and those with difficulties finding employment.Over the course of the year, 7.72 million government-subsidized housing units were basically completed in urban areas, work started on the reconstruction of 6.01 million housing units in rundown urban areas, and 4.32 million dilapidated houses in rural areas were rebuilt, helping large numbers of families that are struggling with housing realize their dream of having a home to settle in.We moved more quickly to improve conditions in badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education in poor areas, deepened the reform of the professional title system for elementary and secondary school teachers, and increased the number of students from poor rural areas who were enrolled in key institutions of higher learning by a further 10.5%.Comprehensive reform was carried out in all public hospitals at the county level, the coverage of the serious disease insurance scheme was extended to more rural and non-working urban residents, a system of assistance for treating major and serious diseases was put in place, and a system for providing living allowances for people with disabilities who are in need and for granting nursing care subsidies to persons with severe disabilities was established.We increased subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, and basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees, implemented the reform of the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions, and improved their wage system.Efforts to develop basic public cultural services were also intensified.All of this has resulted in a stronger sense of benefit in society.六是促进社会和谐稳定，推动依法行政和治理方式创新。Sixth, we developed new ways of conducting law-based administration and governance to promote social harmony and stability.国务院提请全国人大常委会审议法律议案11件，制定修订行政法规8部。政务公开加快推进，推广电子政务和网上办事。建立重大政策落实督查问责机制，开展第三方评估。有效应对自然灾害和突发事件。加强安全生产监管，事故总量和重特大事故、重点行业事故数量继续下降。推进食品安全创建示范行动。强化社会治安综合治理，依法打击各类违法犯罪活动，有力维护了公共安全。
The State Council submitted 11 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and enacted or revised eight sets of administrative regulations.Efforts were accelerated to increase government transparency and expand the application of e-government and online administration.We set up a mechanism to inspect and establish accountability for the implementation of major government policies and introduced third-party evaluations.We responded effectively to natural disasters and emergencies.Efforts were stepped up to ensure workplace safety;as a result, we have seen a continued reduction in the number of total accidents, including the number of accidents of a serious or large-scale nature as well as those in industries where accidents tend to be more common.We moved ahead with the demonstration initiative to ensure food safety.We strengthened all-round efforts to maintain law and order and cracked down on crimes in accordance with the law to safeguard public security.我们深入开展“三严三实”专题教育，锲而不舍落实党中央八项规定精神，坚决纠正“四风”，严格执行国务院“约法三章”。加强行政监察和审计监督。大力推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争，一批腐败分子受到惩处。
The campaign to build understanding of the Three Stricts and Three Honests* was intensified, the CPC Central Committee's eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct continued to be implemented, action was taken against formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, and rigorous efforts were made to carry out the State Council's three-point decision on curbing government spending.Administrative supervision and oversight through auditing were strengthened.We stepped up efforts to improve Party conduct and government integrity and fight corruption, and brought a number of offenders to justice.我们隆重纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年，集中宣示了我国作为世界反法西斯战争东方主战场的历史地位和重大贡献，彰显了中国人民同各国人民共护和平、共守正义的坚定信念！
We marked the 70th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Global War against Fascism.This anniversary was a reminder of China's place in history as the main theater in the East during the Global War against Fascism and its major contribution to the war effort.The Chinese people marked this occasion to demonstrate their dedication to safeguarding peace and upholding justice together with other peoples.一年来，全方位外交成果丰硕。习近平主席等国家领导人出访多国，出席联合国系列峰会、二十国集团领导人峰会、亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议、气候变化大会、东亚合作领导人系列会议、世界经济论坛等重大活动。成功举行中非合作论坛峰会、中欧领导人会晤，启动中拉论坛。同主要大国关系取得新进展，同周边国家务实合作深入推进，同发展中国家友好合作不断拓展，同联合国等国际组织和国际机制的关系全面加强，经济外交、人文交流卓有成效。中国作为负责任大国，在国际和地区事务中发挥了重要的建设性作用。
Over the past year, China's all-round diplomacy has delivered fruitful outcomes.President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders have visited many countries and attended international events including the United Nations summits, the G20 Leaders Summit, the 23rd APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the 21st Session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the East Asian leaders' meetings on cooperation, and the World Economic Forum annual meeting 2016.The Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and the China-EU Leaders' Meeting were held, and the China and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States(CELAC)Forum was inaugurated.Fresh progress was made in China's relations with other major countries;pragmatic cooperation with neighboring countries was strengthened;friendship and cooperation with other developing countries grew;relations with the United Nations and other international organizations and mechanisms were strengthened in all areas;and notable achievements were made in economic diplomacy and cultural exchanges.As a responsible major country, China played an important constructive role in international and regional affairs.各位代表！
过去一年取得的成绩，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央统揽全局、科学决策的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民齐心协力、顽强拼搏的结果。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设事业的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚感谢！
We owe these achievements to the sound overall decisions made by the CPC Central Committee headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, and to the concerted and determined efforts of all members of the Party, all members of the armed forces, and all the people of China.On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express our sincere gratitude to the people of all ethnic groups in China including public figures from all sectors of society and to the other parties and the people's organizations.I express our heartfelt appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, and to Chinese nationals overseas.I also wish to express our sincere thanks to the governments, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in her endeavor to modernize.在充分肯定去年成绩的同时，我们也清醒看到，我国发展中还存在不少困难和问题。受全球贸易萎缩等因素影响，去年我国进出口总额出现下降，预期增长目标未能实现。投资增长乏力，一些行业产能过剩严重，部分企业生产经营困难，地区和行业走势分化，财政收支矛盾突出，资本市场基础性制度还不完善，金融等领域存在风险隐患。人民群众关心的医疗、教育、养老、食品药品安全、收入分配、城市管理等方面问题较多，环境污染形势仍很严峻，严重雾霾天气在一些地区时有发生。特别令人痛心的是，去年发生了“东方之星”号客轮翻沉事件和天津港特别重大火灾爆炸等事故，人员伤亡和财产损失惨重，教训极其深刻，必须认真汲取。政府工作还存在不足，有些改革和政策措施落实不到位，少数干部不作为、不会为、乱作为，一些领域的不正之风和腐败问题不容忽视。我们要进一步增强忧患意识和担当意识，下更大力气解决这些问题，始终以民之所望为施政所向，尽心竭力做好政府工作，决不辜负人民重托。
While recognizing our achievements, we are also keenly aware that our country is still confronted with many difficulties and problems in pursuing development.With the decline in global trade, amongst other factors, China experienced a fall in its total imports and exports and failed to reach its growth objective in this regard.Growth in investment is sluggish, overcapacity is a serious problem in certain industries, some enterprises are facing difficulties in production and operations, growth prospects are mixed for different regions and different industries, notable imbalances
exist
between
government
revenue
and expenditures, the basic institutions for the capital market still need to be improved, and there are latent risks in the financial and other sectors.There are many problems in medical care, education, elderly care, food and medicine safety, income distribution, and urban management that are of concern to the people.The situation remains grave when it comes to environmental pollution, and some regions are frequently hit by severe smog.Particularly distressing, last year saw the sinking of the cruise ship Oriental Star on the Yangtze and the massive explosion in Tianjin Port.The deaths and injuries and the damage and loss of property from these incidents were devastating, and the profound lessons these incidents have taught us should never be forgotten.There are still inadequacies in the work of the government.Some reforms, policies, and measures have not been fully implemented;a small number of government employees either do not or are unable to fulfill their duties, or behave irresponsibly;and the corruption and misconduct in some sectors cannot be ignored.We must be more mindful of the difficulties ahead, more ready to assume responsibility, and more hardworking in ensuring these problems are solved.The wishes of the people should always determine the aim of our governance;we must do our utmost to deliver a strong performance in our work and never fail to live up to the great trust the people have placed in us.各位代表！
2015年是“十二五”收官之年。过去五年，我国发展成就举世瞩目。党的十八大以来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，面对错综复杂的国际环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，我们继续坚持稳中求进工作总基调，深化改革开放，实施一系列利当前、惠长远的重大举措，“十二五”规划确定的主要目标任务全面完成。
Esteemed Deputies，The period covered by the 12th Five-Year Plan came to a close in 2015.During the past five years, impressive achievements were made in China's development.Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, we have found ourselves in a complicated international environment, and we have faced the challenging tasks of carrying out reform and development and maintaining stability at home.However, under the guidance of the CPC Central Committee headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, we have continued our commitment to the general principle of making progress while working to keep performance stable, deepened reform and opening up, and adopted a series of major measures that should deliver both immediate and long-term benefits.As a result, we successfully fulfilled all the main tasks and targets set out in the 12th Five-Year Plan.一是经济持续较快发展。国内生产总值年均增长7.8%，经济总量稳居世界第二位，成为全球第一货物贸易大国和主要对外投资大国。
First, a high rate of economic development was maintained.During this period, China's GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7.8%.This growth enabled China to comfortably maintain its position as the world's second-largest economy, and become the largest trading nation in terms of goods as well as a major outbound investor.二是结构调整取得标志性进展。服务业成为第一大产业，工业化与信息化融合加深，农业综合生产能力明显增强。消费成为支撑经济增长的主要力量。超过一半人口居住在城镇。单位国内生产总值能耗下降18.2%，主要污染物排放量减少12%以上。
Second, milestone progress was achieved in structural adjustments.Service industries have grown to be the largest economic sector, information technology has been further integrated into industrialization, and overall agricultural production capacity has notably improved.Consumption has become a major driver of growth.Over half of China's population now resides in urban areas.Energy consumption per unit of GDP has dropped by 18.2%, and the emissions of major pollutants have been cut by over 12%.Note:
* To be strict with oneself in practicing self-cultivation, using power, and exercising self-discipline;and to be honest in one's thinking, one's work, and one's behavior.三是基础设施水平全面跃升。铁路营业里程达到12.1万公里，其中高速铁路超过1.9万公里，占世界60%以上。高速公路通车里程超过12万公里。南水北调东、中线工程通水。建成全球最大的第四代移动通信网络。
Third, across-the-board improvements were made in infrastructure.The length of railways in service reached 121,000 kilometers, of which more than 19,000 kilometers are high-speed rail lines-more than 60% of the world's total.The length of expressways open to traffic exceeded 120,000 kilometers, the eastern and middle routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project were put into operation, and the world's largest 4G mobile network was built in China.四是科技创新实现重大突破。量子通信、中微子振荡、高温铁基超导等基础研究取得一批原创性成果，载人航天、探月工程、深海探测等项目达到世界先进水平。
Fourth, significant breakthroughs were made in scientific and technological innovation.Original achievements were made in quantum communications, neutrino oscillation, and iron-based high-temperature superconductivity through basic research.World-class advances were made in manned spaceflight, the lunar exploration program, and deep-water exploration.五是人民生活水平显著提高。居民收入增长快于经济增长，城乡收入差距持续缩小。城镇新增就业人数超过6400万人。城镇保障性安居工程住房建设4013万套，上亿群众喜迁新居。农村贫困人口减少1亿多，解决3亿多农村人口饮水安全问题。
Fifth, living standards improved significantly.Personal income increased faster than economic growth, and the urban-rural income gap was narrowed.Over 64 million urban jobs were created.Government subsidies were used to build 40.13 million housing units in urban areas, providing new homes for around 100 million people.The number of rural residents living in poverty was cut by more than 100 million, and over 300 million rural residents gained access to safe drinking water.六是社会发展成就斐然。教育公平和质量明显提升。基本医疗保险实现全覆盖，基本养老保险参保率超过80%。文化软实力持续提升。依法治国全面推进。中国特色军事变革成就显著。经过五年努力，我国经济实力、科技实力、国防实力、国际影响力又上了一个大台阶。
Sixth, notable achievements were made in social development.Significant progress was made in ensuring equal access to education, and the quality of education markedly improved.Basic health insurance was expanded to achieve complete coverage, and participation in basic pension plans exceeded 80% of the whole population.China's soft power continued to grow.The rule of law was advanced in all respects.Significant achievements were made in the military revolution with Chinese characteristics.Over the past five years, China's economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, defense capabilities, and international influence have all been strengthened considerably.“十二五”时期的辉煌成就，充分显示了中国特色社会主义的巨大优越性，集中展现了中国人民的无穷创造力，极大增强了中华民族的自信心和凝聚力，必将激励全国各族人民在实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标的新征程上奋力前行！
The achievements attained during the period of the 12th Five-Year Plan fully demonstrate the strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the creativity of the Chinese people.The Chinese people can derive great confidence and a strengthened sense of unity from these achievements, drawing on them to forge ahead on this new leg of the journey toward realizing the Two Centenary Goals.*
二、“十三五”时期主要目标任务和重大举措
Esteemed Deputies，Let me now brief you on the main targets, tasks, and measures for the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan from 2016 through 2020.根据《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划的建议》，国务院编制了《国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要（草案）》，提交大会审查。
On the basis of the CPC Central Committee Recommendations for the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development, the State Council has drawn up the draft of the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and submitted it to this session for your review and approval.《纲要草案》紧紧围绕全面建成小康社会奋斗目标，针对发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续等突出问题，强调要牢固树立和贯彻落实创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，明确了今后五年经济社会发展的主要目标任务，提出了一系列支撑发展的重大政策、重大工程和重大项目，突出了以下六个方面。
The draft, centering on the goal of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and designed to address serious issues such as unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development, stresses the need to promote innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared development.It proposes the main targets and tasks for economic and social development over the next five years as well as development policies, initiatives, and projects.The following are the six areas highlighted in the draft.——保持经济中高速增长，推动产业迈向中高端水平。实现全面建成小康社会目标，到2020年国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番，“十三五”时期经济年均增长保持在6.5%以上。加快推进产业结构优化升级，实施一批技术水平高、带动能力强的重大工程。到2020年，先进制造业、现代服务业、战略性新兴产业比重大幅提升，全员劳动生产率从人均8.7万元提高到12万元以上。届时，我国经济总量超过90万亿元，发展的质量和效益明显提高。在我们这样一个人口众多的发展中国家，这将是非常了不起的成就。
--We should work to maintain a medium-high rate of growth and promote the development of industries toward the medium-high end.To finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and double the 2010 GDP and per capita personal income by 2020, the economy needs to grow at an average annual rate of at least 6.5% during this five-year period.To that end, we will move faster to improve or upgrade the structure of industry and launch initiatives that use advanced technologies and can drive industrial development.Our goal is that by 2020, advanced manufacturing, modern services, and strategic emerging industries as a proportion of GDP will have risen significantly and that per capita labor productivity will have risen from 87,000 yuan to over 120,000 yuan.By that time, China's aggregate economic output should have exceeded 90 trillion yuan, and the quality and efficacy of development should have significantly improved.For a developing country like China with such a large population, this will be a truly remarkable achievement.——强化创新引领作用，为发展注入强大动力。创新是引领发展的第一动力，必须摆在国家发展全局的核心位置，深入实施创新驱动发展战略。启动一批新的国家重大科技项目，建设一批高水平的国家科学中心和技术创新中心，培育壮大一批有国际竞争力的创新型领军企业，建设一批全面创新改革试验区。持续推动大众创业、万众创新。促进大数据、云计算、物联网广泛应用。加快建设质量强国、制造强国、知识产权强国。到2020年，力争在基础研究、应用研究和战略前沿领域取得重大突破，全社会研发经费投入强度达到2.5%，科技进步对经济增长的贡献率达到60%，迈进创新型国家和人才强国行列。
--We should ensure that innovation better drives and energizes development.Innovation is the primary driving force for development and must occupy a central place in China's development strategy, which is why we must implement a strategy of innovation-driven development.We should launch new national science and technology programs, build first-class national science centers and technological innovation hubs, help develop internationally competitive high-innovation enterprises, and establish pilot reform zones for all-round innovation.We should make consistent efforts to encourage the public to start businesses and make innovations.We should promote the extensive application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things.We need to move faster to transform China into a manufacturer of advanced and quality products and a country that is strong on intellectual property rights.We should strive to achieve major breakthroughs in basic research, applied research, and research in strategic and frontier fields by 2020.China's investment in research and development is expected to reach 2.5% of GDP, and the contribution of scientific and technological advances toward economic growth should come to reach 60%.Fulfilling these objectives will turn China into an innovative and talent-rich country.——推进新型城镇化和农业现代化，促进城乡区域协调发展。缩小城乡区域差距，既是调整经济结构的重点，也是释放发展潜力的关键。要深入推进以人为核心的新型城镇化，实现1亿左右农业转移人口和其他常住人口在城镇落户，完成约1亿人居住的棚户区和城中村改造，引导约1亿人在中西部地区就近城镇化。到2020年，常住人口城镇化率达到60%、户籍人口城镇化率达到45%。
--We should make progress in new urbanization and agricultural modernization as well as in balancing development between urban and rural areas and between regions.Narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is not only a key part of economic structural adjustment;it is also crucial for unleashing developmental potential.We should advance the new, people-centered urbanization.This will mean granting urban residency to around 100 million people with rural household registration living in urban areas and other permanent urban residents, completing the rebuilding of both rundown areas and “villages” in cities involving about 100 million people, and enabling around 100 million rural residents to live in local towns and cities in the central and western regions.By 2020, permanent urban residents should account for 60% of China's population, and 45% of the Chinese people should be registered as permanent urban residents.实施一批水利、农机、现代种业等工程，推动农业适度规模经营和区域化布局、标准化生产、社会化服务。到2020年，粮食等主要农产品供给和质量安全得到更好保障，农业现代化水平明显提高，新农村建设取得新成效。
We should launch initiatives to develop water conservancy in agriculture, farming machinery, and the modern seed industry, encourage appropriately scaled-up agricultural operations, and promote regional distribution, standardized production, and commercial agricultural services.By 2020, the supply, quality, and safety of food crops and other major agricultural products should be better ensured, notable headway should have been made in modernizing agriculture, and fresh progress should have been made in developing the new countryside.以区域发展总体战略为基础，以“三大战略”为引领，形成沿海沿江沿线经济带为主的纵向横向经济轴带，培育一批辐射带动力强的城市群和增长极。加强重大基础设施建设，高铁营业里程达到3万公里、覆盖80%以上的大城市，新建改建高速公路通车里程约3万公里，实现城乡宽带网络全覆盖。
Guided by the general strategy for regional development, we should pursue the Three Initiatives to form north-south and east-west intersecting economic belts along the coastline, the Yangtze River, and major transportation routes, and foster new growth poles and city clusters that facilitate the development of surrounding areas.We should also expand major infrastructure projects, with the aim of increasing the length of high-speed railways in service to 30,000 kilometers and linking more than 80% of big cities in China with high-speed railways, building or upgrading around 30,000 kilometers of expressways, and achieving full coverage of access to broadband networks in both urban and rural areas.Note:
* To finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the CPC celebrates its centenary in 2021 and to turn the People's Republic of China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time it celebrates its centenary in 2049.——推动形成绿色生产生活方式，加快改善生态环境。坚持在发展中保护、在保护中发展，持续推进生态文明建设。深入实施大气、水、土壤污染防治行动计划，划定生态空间保护红线，推进山水林田湖生态工程，加强生态保护和修复。今后五年，单位国内生产总值用水量、能耗、二氧化碳排放量分别下降23%、15%、18%，森林覆盖率达到23.04%，能源资源开发利用效率大幅提高，生态环境质量总体改善。特别是治理大气雾霾取得明显进展，地级及以上城市空气质量优良天数比率超过80%。我们要持之以恒，建设天蓝、地绿、水清的美丽中国。
--We should encourage green ways of working and living and speed up efforts to conserve ecosystems and the environment.We need to protect the environment while pursuing development and achieve development in a well-protected environment, making sustained efforts to build a sound ecological system.We need to take serious action to prevent and control air, water, and soil pollution, set a red line that the country's total area of ecological spaces should not fall below, move forward with eco-friendly projects to protect and restore mountains, waters, forests, and farmlands, and intensify ecological conservation and restoration efforts.Over the next five years, we should aim to ensure that water consumption, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP are cut by 23%, 15%, and 18%, respectively, and that forest coverage reaches 23.04%.We should also make it our aim, within this timeframe, to develop and use energy and resources much more efficiently and make improvements to the quality of ecosystems and the environment.In particular, we should strive for major progress in the control and prevention of air pollution and see to it that the air quality of cities at and above the prefectural level is good or excellent for 80% of the year.We must work to build, through tireless efforts, a Beautiful China where the sky is blue, the land is green, and the water runs clear.——深化改革开放，构建发展新体制。发展根本上要靠改革开放。必须全面深化改革，坚持和完善基本经济制度，建立现代产权制度，基本建成法治政府，使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用，加快形成引领经济发展新常态的体制机制和发展方式。“一带一路”建设取得重大进展，国际产能合作实现新的突破。对外贸易向优进优出转变，服务贸易比重显著提升，从贸易大国迈向贸易强国。全面实行准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度，逐步构建高标准自由贸易区网络，基本形成开放型经济新体制新格局。
--We need to deepen reform and opening up to create new institutions for development.Fundamentally, development relies on reform and opening up.We must deepen reform across the board, uphold and improve the basic economic system, establish a modern system of property rights, and see that a rule of law government is basically in place.It should be ensured that the market plays the decisive role in resource allocation and the government better plays its role, and work should be accelerated to create the systems, mechanisms, and growth model that will guide the new normal in economic development.We should work for significant progress in pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative and for breakthroughs in our cooperation with other countries on industrial capacity.We should promote the optimization of imports and exports, significantly increase the proportion of trade in services, and promote China's transformation from a trader of quantity to a trader of quality.We should put into force across the board the management system for pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list, and progressively build a network of high-standard free trade areas.With these efforts, we should be able to usher in a new phase in building an open economy based on new systems.——持续增进民生福祉，使全体人民共享发展成果。坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，努力补齐基本民生保障的短板，朝着共同富裕方向稳步前进。坚决打赢脱贫攻坚战，我国现行标准下的农村贫困人口实现脱贫，贫困县全部摘帽，解决区域性整体贫困。
--We need to ensure that continuous progress is made in raising living standards, and see that everyone shares in the fruits of development.Guided by the vision of people-centered development, we need to continue to strengthen points of weakness in meeting basic needs for the people in order to achieve common prosperity.We need to fight hard to win the war against poverty and help lift out of poverty all rural residents falling below the current poverty line, and achieve poverty alleviation in all poor counties and areas.建立国家基本公共服务项目清单。建立健全更加公平更可持续的社会保障制度。实施义务教育学校标准化、普及高中阶段教育、建设世界一流大学和一流学科等工程，劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限从10.23年提高到10.8年。
We should put in place a national catalogue of basic public services.We should establish more equitable and sustainable social security systems.We need to ensure that all schools providing compulsory education comply with educational standards, that everyone has access to secondary education, that China has more world-class universities and first-class fields of discipline, and that the average number of years of schooling received by the working-age population increases from 10.23 to 10.8 years.实现城镇新增就业5000万人以上。完善收入分配制度，缩小收入差距，提高中等收入人口比重。完善住房保障体系，城镇棚户区住房改造2000万套。
We need to create 50 million plus new urban jobs.We need to improve the income distribution system, reduce the income gap, and increase the proportion of the middle-income group in the whole populace.We should improve systems of government housing support, which should include the rebuilding of 20 million housing units in rundown urban areas.推进健康中国建设，人均预期寿命提高1岁。积极应对人口老龄化。构建现代公共文化服务体系，实施公民道德建设、中华文化传承等工程。我们既要让人民的物质生活更殷实，又要让人民的精神生活更丰富。
We need to work for progress in building a Healthy China and achieve a one-year increase in average life expectancy.We need to respond proactively to population aging.We should build a modern system of public cultural services and put into effect cultural programs to boost civic morality and keep Chinese culture thriving.These efforts should enable people not only to enjoy a better life in material terms, but also to live a more enriching intellectual and cultural life.做好“十三五”时期经济社会发展工作，实现全面建成小康社会目标，必须着力把握好三点。
To achieve success in our work to promote economic and social development during the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan and finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must keep to the following three guidelines:
一是牢牢抓住发展第一要务不放松。发展是硬道理，是解决我国所有问题的关键。今后五年是跨越“中等收入陷阱”的重要阶段，各种矛盾和风险明显增多。发展如逆水行舟，不进则退。必须毫不动摇坚持以经济建设为中心，推动科学发展，妥善应对风险挑战，使中国经济这艘巨轮破浪远航。
First, give top priority to development
Development is of primary importance to China and is the key to solving every problem we face.During the next five years, we must take particular care to avoid falling into the “middle-income trap,” and we need to address an increasing number of problems and risks.Pursuing development is like sailing against the current: you either forge ahead or drift downstream.We must remain committed to economic development as our central task, endeavor to promote sound development, and respond effectively to risks and challenges so as to ensure that China's economy, like a gigantic ship, breaks the waves and goes the distance.二是大力推进结构性改革。当前发展中总量问题与结构性问题并存，结构性问题更加突出，要用改革的办法推进结构调整。在适度扩大总需求的同时，突出抓好供给侧结构性改革，既做减法，又做加法，减少无效和低端供给，扩大有效和中高端供给，增加公共产品和公共服务供给，使供给和需求协同促进经济发展，提高全要素生产率，不断解放和发展社会生产力。
Second, make major headway in carrying out structural reform
At present, we face problems both with aggregate supply and demand and with our structures.The structural problems are more acute, and reform should be conducted to adjust these structures.While working to achieve an appropriate expansion of aggregate demand, we need to give particular emphasis to structural reform on the supply side, reducing supply in some areas while increasing it in others.This means that we need to reduce ineffective and lower-end supply while increasing effective and medium-and high-end supply, increase the supply of public goods and services, ensure that development is driven by both supply and demand, and improve total-factor productivity.This should enable us to unleash and develop productive forces.三是加快新旧发展动能接续转换。经济发展必然会有新旧动能迭代更替的过程，当传统动能由强变弱时，需要新动能异军突起和传统动能转型，形成新的“双引擎”，才能推动经济持续增长、跃上新台阶。当前我国发展正处于这样一个关键时期，必须培育壮大新动能，加快发展新经济。要推动新技术、新产业、新业态加快成长，以体制机制创新促进分享经济发展，建设共享平台，做大高技术产业、现代服务业等新兴产业集群，打造动力强劲的新引擎。运用信息网络等现代技术，推动生产、管理和营销模式变革，重塑产业链、供应链、价值链，改造提升传统动能，使之焕发新的生机与活力。
Third, accelerate the shift in driving forces for development
In the course of economic development, it is only natural that old drivers of growth are replaced by new ones.As conventional driving forces weaken, it is critical that new driving forces emerge and that the conventional ones undergo a transformation so that new twin engines are formed;only then is it possible to upgrade the economy and achieve sustainable growth.This is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself, and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economy.We need to move faster to develop new technologies, industries, and forms of business, boost the development of a sharing economy through institutional innovations, create sharing platforms, and develop emerging industry clusters such as high-tech and modern service industry clusters, thus creating strong new engines.We will use network-based information technology and other modern technologies to drive changes in models of production, management, and marketing, create new industry chains, supply chains, and value chains, and transform and upgrade conventional drivers, thus injecting them with new vitality.从根本上说，发展的不竭力量蕴藏在人民群众之中。9亿多劳动力、1亿多受过高等教育和有专业技能的人才，是我们最大的资源和优势。实现新旧动能转换，推动发展转向更多依靠人力人才资源和创新，既是一个伴随阵痛的调整过程，也是一个充满希望的升级过程。只要闯过这个关口，中国经济就一定能够浴火重生、再创辉煌。
Ultimately, it is the people who are the inexhaustible source of power that drives development.A workforce of over 900 million, of whom over 100 million have received higher education or are professionally trained: this is our greatest resource and strength.Obviously, replacing old drivers of growth with new ones and achieving a shift in development toward greater reliance on human resources, human capital, and innovation is a process of painful adjustment.But it is at the same time an upgrading process with great promise.We just have to get through this process, and we can, without question, reinvigorate the economy and ensure its dynamic growth.展望今后五年，我们充满必胜信心。如期实现全面建成小康社会目标，人民生活将会更加美好，中国特色社会主义事业前景一定会更加光明！
Looking ahead to the next five years, we are fully confident that we will finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects within the set timeframe, that our people will enjoy better lives, and that there will be an even brighter future for the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.三、2016年重点工作
I now want to discuss the major areas of work for 2016.今年是全面建成小康社会决胜阶段的开局之年，也是推进结构性改革的攻坚之年。
This is the first year of the decisive stage in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and a crucial year in carrying out structural reform.To ensure that the government's goal for this year is accomplished, we must do the following:
做好政府工作，必须高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中全会精神，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，深入贯彻总书记系列重要讲话精神，按照“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局，坚持改革开放，坚持以新发展理念引领发展，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，适应经济发展新常态，实行宏观政策要稳、产业政策要准、微观政策要活、改革政策要实、社会政策要托底的总体思路，把握好稳增长与调结构的平衡，保持经济运行在合理区间，着力加强供给侧结构性改革，加快培育新的发展动能，改造提升传统比较优势，抓好去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板，加强民生保障，切实防控风险，努力实现“十三五”时期经济社会发展良好开局。
--hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;
--implement the guiding principles of the 18th National Congress of the CPC and the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee;
--follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development;
--put into practice the guiding principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping's major policy addresses;
--work in accordance with the overall plan for promoting all-round economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy;*
--continue reform and opening up;
--follow the new vision of development;
--follow the general principle of making progress while working to keep performance stable;
--adapt to the new normal in economic development;
--follow the general guidelines that macro policies should be stable, industrial policies targeted, micro policies flexible, reform policies practical, and that social policies should ensure basic needs;
--maintain a balance between ensuring steady growth and making structural adjustments;
--ensure that the economy operates within an appropriate range;
--strengthen supply-side structural reform;
--accelerate the fostering of new driving forces for development;
--strengthen traditional comparative advantages;
--cut overcapacity and excess inventory, deleverage, reduce costs, and strengthen points of weakness;
--strengthen basic safeguards for public wellbeing;
--prevent and control risks.今年发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长6.5%－7%，居民消费价格涨幅3%左右，城镇新增就业1000万人以上，城镇登记失业率4.5%以内，进出口回稳向好，国际收支基本平衡，居民收入增长和经济增长基本同步。单位国内生产总值能耗下降3.4%以上，主要污染物排放继续减少。
By working to achieve all of these, we should get off to a good start in economic and social development during the period covered by the 13th Five-Year Plan.The main development targets for 2016 are as follows:
--GDP growth of 6.5% to 7%;
--CPI increase kept at around 3%;
--creation of at least ten million new urban jobs;
--registered urban unemployment rate kept within 4.5%;
--a steady rise in import and export volumes;
--a basic balance in international payments;
--increases in personal income basically in step with economic growth;
--a reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP of at least 3.4%;
--further reductions in the release of major pollutants.经济增长预期目标6.5%－7%，考虑了与全面建成小康社会目标相衔接，考虑了推进结构性改革的需要，也有利于稳定和引导市场预期。稳增长主要是为了保就业、惠民生，有6.5%－7%的增速就能够实现比较充分的就业。
In setting a projected growth rate of between 6.5% and 7%, we have taken into consideration the need to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and the need to advance structural reform.It will also help guide market expectations and keep them stable.The aim of maintaining stable growth is primarily to ensure employment and promote the people's wellbeing, and a growth rate of between 6.5% and 7% will allow for relatively full employment.综合分析各方面情况，今年我国发展面临的困难更多更大、挑战更为严峻，我们要做打硬仗的充分准备。
A comprehensive analysis of all factors shows that China will face more and tougher problems and challenges in its development this year, so we must be fully prepared to fight a difficult battle.从国际看，世界经济深度调整、复苏乏力，国际贸易增长低迷，金融和大宗商品市场波动不定，地缘政治风险上升，外部环境的不稳定不确定因素增加，对我国发展的影响不可低估。
Internationally, the global economy is experiencing profound changes and struggling to recover;growth in trade is weak;there are fluctuations in the financial and commodity markets;geopolitical risks are rising;and there are increasing instabilities and uncertainties in China's external environment.We should not underestimate the impact all of this will have on China's development.从国内看，长期积累的矛盾和风险进一步显现，经济增速换挡、结构调整阵痛、新旧动能转换相互交织，经济下行压力加大。
Domestically, problems and risks that have been building up over the years are becoming more evident;the change of pace in economic growth, the difficulties associated with structural adjustments, and the transformation of the drivers of growth present interwoven problems;and downward pressure on the economy is growing.但困难和挑战并不可怕。中国的发展从来都是在应对挑战中前进的，没有过不去的坎。经过多年的快速发展，我国物质基础雄厚，经济韧性强、潜力足、回旋余地大，改革开放不断注入新动力，创新宏观调控积累了丰富经验。特别是我们有中国共产党的坚强领导和中国特色社会主义制度，中国人民勤劳智慧。只要我们万众一心，共克时艰，就一定能够实现全年经济社会发展目标。
But we will not be daunted by these problems and challenges.China has from the start been developing while responding to challenges;there is no difficulty we cannot get beyond.Thanks to years of rapid development, China has laid a solid material foundation, and its economy is hugely resilient and has enormous potential and ample room for growth.At the same time, reform and opening up has been injecting new impetus into economic growth, and a wealth of experience has been gained in developing new ways of conducting macro regulation.In addition, we have the guidance of the CPC and the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and our people are talented and hardworking.As long as we work together as one to surmount all difficulties, we will definitely achieve the targets for economic and social development in 2016.今年要重点做好八个方面工作。
This year, we will carry out the following eight tasks:
（一）稳定和完善宏观经济政策，保持经济运行在合理区间。我们宏观调控还有创新手段和政策储备，既要立足当前、有针对性地出招，顶住经济下行压力，又要着眼长远、留有后手、谋势蓄势。继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，创新宏观调控方式，加强区间调控、定向调控、相机调控，统筹运用财政、货币政策和产业、投资、价格等政策工具，采取结构性改革尤其是供给侧结构性改革举措，为经济发展营造良好环境。
1.Improve and keep stable our macroeconomic policies to ensure that the economy performs within an appropriate range
At present, we still have new instruments for macro regulation and a good reserve of policies at our disposal.On the one hand, we will focus on current realities and take targeted steps to withstand the downward pressure on the economy.On the other hand, we must have our long-term development goals in mind, keep some policy tools as options for later use, strategize our moves, and gather strength.We will continue to implement proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, develop new approaches to macro regulation, strengthen range-based, targeted, and well-timed regulation, use fiscal and monetary policies and industry, investment, and pricing policy tools in a coordinated way, and implement structural reform, particularly supply-side structural reform, so as to create an enabling environment for economic development.积极的财政政策要加大力度。今年拟安排财政赤字2.18万亿元，比去年增加5600亿元，赤字率提高到3%。其中，中央财政赤字1.4万亿元，地方财政赤字7800亿元。安排地方专项债券4000亿元，继续发行地方政府置换债券。我国财政赤字率和政府负债率在世界主要经济体中相对较低，这样的安排是必要的、可行的，也是安全的。
--We will pursue a more proactive fiscal policy.The government deficit for 2016 is projected to be 2.18 trillion yuan, an increase of 560 billion yuan over last year, meaning the deficit-to-GDP ratio will rise to 3%.Of the deficit, 1.4 trillion yuan will be carried by the central government, and the remaining 780 billion yuan will be carried by local governments.Special bonds for local governments will total 400 billion yuan, and local government debt-converting bonds will continue to be issued.China's deficit-to-GDP ratio and government debt ratio are lower than those of other major economies;such steps are necessary, feasible, and also safe.适度扩大财政赤字，主要用于减税降费，进一步减轻企业负担。
The moderate increase in government deficit is projected primarily to cover tax and fee reductions for enterprises, a step that will further reduce their burdens.今年将采取三项举措。一是全面实施营改增，从5月1日起，将试点范围扩大到建筑业、房地产业、金融业、生活服务业，并将所有企业新增不动产所含增值税纳入抵扣范围，确保所有行业税负只减不增。二是取消违规设立的政府性基金，停征和归并一批政府性基金，扩大水利建设基金等免征范围。
The following three measures will be adopted this year.First, business tax will be replaced with VAT in all sectors.Starting from May 1st, the scope of work to pilot this measure will be extended to the construction, real estate, financial, and consumer service industries, and VAT deductions will cover all new immovable property of enterprises to ensure that the tax burdens on all industries are reduced.Second, government-managed funds set up without authorization will be abolished;the collection of contributions to certain government-managed funds will be suspended, and some of these funds will be consolidated;and more enterprises will be exempted from contributing to water conservancy construction funds and other government-managed funds.Note:
* To make comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance the law-based governance of China, and strengthen Party self-conduct.三是将18项行政事业性收费的免征范围，从小微企业扩大到所有企业和个人。
Third, exemptions from 18 administrative charges which currently apply only to small and micro businesses will be expanded to include all enterprises and individuals.实施上述政策，今年将比改革前减轻企业和个人负担5000多亿元。同时，适当增加必要的财政支出和政府投资，加大对民生等薄弱环节的支持。创新财政支出方式，优化财政支出结构，该保的一定要保住，该减的一定要减下来。
Through the above policies, the burdens on enterprises and individuals will be cut by more than 500 billion yuan this year.At the same time, we will increase government expenditures and investment as appropriate to work on living standards and other areas in need of strengthening.We will develop new ways for government funds to be spent and improve the government spending mix to ensure that all essential items receive sufficient funding, while non-essential items are cut.加快财税体制改革。推进中央与地方事权和支出责任划分改革，合理确定增值税中央和地方分享比例。把适合作为地方收入的税种下划给地方，在税政管理权限方面给地方适当放权。进一步压缩中央专项转移支付规模，今年一般性转移支付规模增长12.2%。全面推开资源税从价计征改革。依法实施税收征管。建立规范的地方政府举债融资机制，对财政实力强、债务风险较低的，按法定程序适当增加债务限额。各级政府要坚持过紧日子，把每一笔钱都花在明处、用在实处。
Fiscal and tax reforms will be stepped up.We will move forward with the reform of the way powers and expenditure responsibilities are shared between the central and local governments, ensuring that the proportion of VAT revenue received by the central and local governments is determined appropriately.Taxes suitable as sources of local government revenue will be handed over to local governments along with the corresponding administrative powers.Central government special transfer payments to local governments will be further reduced, while this year's general transfer payments will be
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