第一篇：高考英语定语从句讲解及习题-完美版
定语从句
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1.连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。
I gave her all the money that I had.我把我所有的钱都给了她。（that 连接先行词 money和定语从句I had）
2.替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
The man who lives next door is a famous teacher.住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（who 替代the man）
3.成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
I like pictures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style.我喜欢传统的中国画。（which在定语从句中作主语）
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。A．Who
指人，在定语从句中作主语。
What was the name of the man who lent you the money?
借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词the man）
He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词he）
The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词the chairman）B．Whom
指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用who来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。
There are some people whom/who we like and others whom/who we dislike.有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others）
The people whom/who I work with are all friendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词the people）
Mr.Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.Mr.Carter, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用who代替whom）
Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office.两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用who）
C．Whose
人、物皆可,做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。
There are some people whose faces you can never forget.有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词people）
I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词trees）
D．Which
1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。
English is a language which is easy to learn.英语是一门容易学的语言。（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）
The children like cookies(which)my wife makes.孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词which作makes的宾语，可以省略)
2．which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于and this。
Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody.吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the driving test）
Sheila couldn't come to the party, which was a pity.希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the party）
3．which在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。
John stayed here for a week, during which time we visited the West Lake together.约翰在这里呆了一星期，在此期间我们一起游了西湖。
It might snow this weekend, in which case we won't go to Beijing.周末可能下雪，在这种情况下，我们就不去北京了。E．That
指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语（做宾语时常可省略）。
He is the man that lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。（定语从句修饰先行词the man，作主语）
I don't like stories that have unhappy endings.我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。（定语从句修饰先行词stories，作主语）
The dress(that)Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.安买的衣服不太合身。（定语从句修饰先行词the dress，that作宾语可省略）
Is there anything(that)I can do for you?
有我能为你效劳的事吗？（定语从句修饰先行词anything，that作宾语，可省略）
F．其他关系代词
as 关系代词，引导定语从句。As
as可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。
① 在限制性定语从句中，as可跟在由such, so, the same修饰的先行词之后。
Such men as heard him were deeply moved.听过他说话的人，都会深受感动。（as在定语从句中作heard的主语）
I've never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。（as在定语从句中作tell的宾语）
He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift.他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。（as在定语从句中lift的宾语）
②
在非限制性定语从句中，as可代表主句整个句子，引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，一般用逗号与主句分开。
As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China.众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。
He is from the outh, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。必背：
一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。
as is known to all 这是众所周知的 as may be imagined 这可以想象得出
as has been said before 如前所说
as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样
as is often the case 情况常常如此
as often happens 这种情况常常发生
G．介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句是一种非常常见但也比较复杂的定语从句结构。
1.介词+关系代词中介词的位置
关系代词whom, which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that, who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。
He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.= He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.他是个经验丰富的人，从他那儿可以学到很多。
The school in which he once worked is a key school.=The school(which that)he once worked in is a key school.他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我就职的那家公司经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。2．介词+关系代词的常见结构
①介词+which whom
This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。
Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如没有的话，我们就会迷路了。
②名词+of+ which /whom
Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue.请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。（也可用whose cover）
③数词+of+ which /whom
She's got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses.她有三只幸运笔，其中两只从未用过。
④代词+of+ which /whom
In the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad.我发现篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。
There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市。
⑤最高级+of+ which /whom
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。
⑥介词+which+名词
He usually returns home at ten, at which hour his father locks all the doors ad windows.他通常十点钟回家，在这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗。
His wife got seriously ill, in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.他的妻子病得很重，在这种情况下，他不得不放弃出国的机会。3．关系代词前介词的选择
在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中，应注意介词的正确选择。
①
根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。
The two things of which they felt proud were Jim's watch and Della's hair.他们引以为豪的两样东西是吉姆的手表和德拉的头发。（feel proud of是固定搭配词组）
In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。（turn to sb.for help是固定搭配词组）
②根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。
I'll never forget the ay on which I first met him.我永远忘不了我第一次遇见他的那一天。(the day前面一般用介词on)
Can you imagine a proper situation in which the expression can be used?
你能设想一个使用这个词语的场合吗？(a situation前面一般用in)
③有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。
Is that the house in which you once lived
那就是你曾经住过的房子吗？(Live in the house)
④根据所要表达的意思来确定。
This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.这是我的眼镜，离了它我什么也看不清。注意：
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
I, who am your best friend, will do all that I can to help you.我是你的好朋友，我会尽我一切所能来帮你。
The family, who are fond of music, go to the concert once a month.这家人很爱音乐，他们每月都去听一次音乐会。
He is one of the boys in our class who speak English well.他是班上英语说得很好的男生之一。（one of +复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数形式）
He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.他是班上唯一英语说得很好的男生。（the(only)one the very one the right one of +复数名词+关系代词 引导的定语从句谓语动词用单数形式）
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where或 why等。when, where, why分别在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词+which结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。
A．when
指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when= on which)
He came at a time when we needed him most.他是在我们最需要他的时候来的。(when= at which)
We will never forget the year 1949, when th People's Republic of China was founded.我们永远忘不了1949年，那是中华人民共和国成立的一年。(when= in which)B．where
指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
I recently went back to the town where I was born.我最近曾回过一次我出生的城市。(where = in which)
I would like to live in a country where there is plety of sunshine.我想住在一个阳光充足的国家。(where = in which)
What's the name of the place where you spent your holiday 你度假的那个地方叫什么名字？(where = at which)C．why
指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.请告诉我你误机的原因。(why = for which)
Te reason why he was punished is unknown to us.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。注意:
无论是关系代词，还是关系副词，都在定语从句中取代了先行词，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。
【误】This is the book that I borrowed it yesterday.【正】This is the book that I borrowed yesterday.这就是我昨天借的书。（that在定语从句中取代了先行词the book，作borowed的宾语，因此，要去掉it）
【误】The English Corner is the place where people often go there to practise their spoken English.【正】The English Corner is the place where people often go to practise their spoken English.英语角是人们经常去练习英语口语的地方。（where在定语从句中取代了先行词the pace，作go的状语，因此，要去掉there）
三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
根据定语从句在句中所起的作用，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。A．限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。
This is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。（the boy是先行词，who broke the indow是限制性定语从句，明确指出the boy是打破窗子的那个孩子）
I have a book which teaches English grammar.我有一本讲解英语语法的书。（a book是先行词，which teaches English grammar是限制性定语从句，修饰the book）
The people whom you met in the hall are from Japan.你在大厅见到的那些人来自日本。（定语从句whom you met in the hall定先行词the people）B．非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。
I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.我是你的朋友，将与你分担这项工作。（I是先行词，who am your friend是非限制性定语从句，对先行词I起附加说明的作用）
New Concept English is intended for foeign students, which is known to us all.新概念英语是专为外国学生编写的，这是我们大家都知道的。（which is known to us all是非限制性定语从句，对主句作进一步的补充说明）C．在下列情况下，通常使用非限制性定语从句。1．当先行词表示的是世界上独一无二的人或物时。
The sun, which gives us light and heat, is a fixed star.太阳是一颗恒星，它给我们光和热。
Last year I visted the People's Great Hall, where many important meetings are held every year.去年我参观了人民大会堂，每年许多重要会议都要在那里举行。2．当定语从句修饰整个主句时。
Taiwan belongs to China, as everyone knows.众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。
The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected.天气非常糟糕，这点们没有料到。3．当先行词是专有名词，或先行词本身指示意义十分明确时。
Mr.Joe lives in Beijing now, which is quite a long way from here.乔先生现在住在北京，那里距离这儿很远。
I congratulate my neighbour, whose son has just won the election.我祝贺我的邻居，他的儿子刚刚赢得选举。非限制性定语从句的五个“不能”(1)关系词不能用 that
(2)关系词不能用 why，只能用 for which(3)有且只有 as 能放整个句首，which 不能
(4)“介词+关系代词 其中的关系代词不能用 as。介词 + which/ whom(5)指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格 whom;不能用 who 替换，也不能省略。
四、关系代词和关系副词的选用
引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选用，比较复杂除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是物，所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的，以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子成份外，还要根据习惯用法而定。A．只用who 1．在非限制定语从句中指人时：
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。2．先行词是one, anyone, those等指人时：
One who has nothing to fear for hiself dares to tell the truth.一个无所畏惧的人敢说真话。
Anyone who breaks the law shall be published.任何犯法的人都将受到惩罚。
Those who are against the plan put up your hands please.凡是反对这项计划的人，请举手。3．在there/here be开头的句子中。
Here is a boy who wants to see you.有个男孩想见你。B． 只用which whom
在下列情况下，一般不能用that代替which whom。1．在非限制性定语从句中。
The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected.天气非常糟糕，这我们没有料到。2．介词后面。
关系代词紧跟在介词或短语介词后面，只能用which或whom，不能用that。
He climbed up to the top of a large rock, from which he got a good view.他爬到一块巨大的岩石顶上，从那里他看到很好的景色。（也可用from where）
Sound is a tool, by means of which people communicate with each other.声音是工具，人们通过这个工具进行交流。
C．只用that 1．当先行词为everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little等词时，或当先行词被every, any, all,some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。
Everything that they said was true.他所说的一切都是真的。
He is dead and there's nothing that can be done.他死了，再也没有什么办法了。
There was little that we could do to help her.我们没有什么能帮助她的。
These walls are all that remain of the ancint city.这些墙是这座古城所残存下来的全部。2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place(that)they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
She was probably the hardest working student(that)I have ever taught.她也许是我教学生中学习最勤奋的。3．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。
This is the very grammar book(that)I want to buy.这正是我要买的语法书。
Beauty is the only thing(that)Emily can be proud of.美丽是埃米莉唯一能骄傲的东西。4．当先行词为who或前面有who, which等疑问代词时。
Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? 有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的事情？
Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？ 5．当先行词为人与事物或动物时。
The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered.掉入河里的司机与车都还没有找到。
The boy and his dog that were believed to be lost in the wood were rescued this morning.被认为在森林里迷路的孩子与狗，今天早上已经获救了。D．关系副词与关系代词的选择
当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导，要根据关系词在定语从句中所担当的句子成分来决定。
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。（when作状语）
I will never forget the days which we spent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。（which作we spent宾语）
I know a place where we can have a picnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。（where作状语）
I know a place which is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。（which作主语）E．关系词的省略
在下列情况下，关系代词或关系副词在非正式文体中可以省略。
1．关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。
Are these keys(that which)you were looking for? 这是你正在寻找的钥匙吗？
The man(who that)I was sitting net to on the plane talked all the time.飞机上坐在我旁边的那个人一直在喋喋不休。
2．以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。
I don't like the way(that in which)she walks.我不喜欢她走路的样子。The way(that in which)he answered the questions was surprising.他回答这些问题的方式令惊奇。
历年高考真题：
1.---Mom, what did your doctor say?
---He advised me to live _____ the air is fresher.A.in where
B.in which
C.the place where
D.where
2.I saw a woman running towards me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _____ she had come.A.of which
B.by which
C.in which
D.from which 3.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, ______this was a memory she especially treasured.A.as
B.if
C.when
D.where 4.Women ______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____ don’t.A.who;不填 B.不填;who C.who;who D.不填;不填
5.We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us _____ we gave some bells and glasses.A.to which
B.to whom
C.with whom
D.with which 6.She was educated at Beijing University, _____ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.A.after which
B.from which
C.from that
D.after that 7.The Beatles,_________many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.A.what
B.that
C.how
D.as 8.I was given three books on cooking, the first _____ I really enjoyed.A.of that
B.of which
C.that
D.which 9.My most famous relative of all, _____ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather.A.one
B.the one
C.he
D.someone 10.We’re just trying to reach a point _____ both sides will sit down together and talk.A.where
B.that
C.when
D.which 11.You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre，_____ is always
busy at the weekend.A.that B.where
C.what
D.which 12.Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _____ they learn simple games and songs.A.while
B.there
C.then
D.where 13.Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _____ wanted to buy it.2007年
A.none of them B.both of them
C.none of whom
D.neither of whom 14.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _____ they can be controlled on purpose.A.with which
B.to which
C.of which
D.for which
1． D D A C B A D B B A D D D B
第二篇：英语定语从句讲解+习题
高中定语从句讲解
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1.连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。
I gave her all the money that I had.我把我所有的钱都给了她。（that 连接先特词 money和定语从句I had）
2.替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
The man who lives next door is a famous teacher.住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（who 替代the man）
3.成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
I like picrures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style.我喜欢传统的中国画。（which在定语从句中作主语）
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
A．Who
指人，在定语从句中作主语。
What was the name of the man who lent you the money?
借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词the man）
He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词he）
The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词the chairman）
B．Whom
指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用who来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。
There are some people whom/who we like and others whom/who we dislike.有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others）
The people whom/who I work with are all friendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词the people）
Mr.Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.Mr.Carter, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用who代替whom）
Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office.两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用who）
C．Whose
人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往高中定语从句讲解
往是从属关系。
There are some people whose faces you can never forget.有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词people）
I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词trees）
D．Which
1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。
English is a language which is easy to learn.英语是一门容易学的语言。（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）
The children like cookies(which)my wife makes.孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词which作makes的宾语，可以省略)
2．which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于and this。
Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody.吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the driving test）
Sheila couldn't come to the party, which was a pity.希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the party）
3．which在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。
John stayed here for a week, during which time we visited the West Lake together.约翰在这里呆了一星期，在此期间我们一起游了西湖。
It might snow this weekend, in which case we won't go to Beijing.周末可能下雪，在这种情况下，我们就不去北京了。E．That
指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语（做宾语时常可省略）。
He is the man that lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。（定语从句修饰先行词the man，作主语）
I don't like stories that have unhappy endings.我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。（定语从句修饰先行词stories，作主语）
The dress(that)Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.安买的衣服不太合身。（定语从句修饰先行词the dress，that作宾语可省略）
Is there anything(that)I can do for you?
有我能为你效劳的事吗？（定语从句修饰先行词anything，that作宾语，可省略）
提示：
在口语中，that有时还可以作关系副词，相当于when或 介词+which 结构。
We left the day(that)he arrived.他来的那一天，我们就走了。（that替when）
He doesn't see things the way(that)we see them.他看问题的方法和我们不一样。（that代替in which）
Imagine the speed(that)he drives his car!很难想象，他开车的速度那么快！（that代替at which）F．其他关系代词
as 和but也可作关系代词，引导定语从句。1．As
as可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。高中定语从句讲解
① 在限制性定语从句中，as可跟在由such, so, the same修饰的先行词之后。
Such men as heard him were deeply moved.听过他说话的人，都会深受感动。（as在定语从句中作heard的主语）
I've never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。（as在定语从句中作tell的宾语）
He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift.他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。（as在定语从句中lift的宾语）比较：
在the same as结构中，as也可用that代替。但严格地说，the same as强调相同的东西，the same that注重同一个。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的衣裙。（as指的是与先行词相似的同类事物）
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。（that指的是与先行词同一事物）
②
在非限制性定语从句中，as可代表主句整个句子，引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，一般用逗号与主句分开。
As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China.众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。必背：
一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。
as is known to all 这是众所周知的 as may be imagined 这可以想象得出
as has been said before 如前所说
as has been pointed out 正如已经指出
as is often the case 情况常常如此
as often happens 这种情况常常发生
2．But
but作关系词只能引导限制性定语从句，同具有否定意思的主句连用，相当于that not, who not或which not。
There is not a single student in my class but would like to study more.我班上没有一个学生不愿意多学一点的东西的。（but = who not）
There are very few but are against war.很少人不反对战争。（but = who not）
G．介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句是一种非常常见但也比较复杂的定语从句结构。
1.介词+关系代词中介词的位置
关系代词whom, which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that, who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。
He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.= He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.他是个经验丰富的人，从他那儿可以学到很多。
The school in which he once worked is a key school.=The school(which that)he once worked in is a key school.他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。高中定语从句讲解
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我就职的那家公司经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。2．介词+关系代词的常见结构
①介词+which whom
This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。
Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如没有的话，我们就会迷路了。
②名词+of+ which /whom
Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue.请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。（也可用whose cover）
③数词+of+ which /whom
She's got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses.她有三只幸运笔，其中两只从未用过。
④代词+of+ which /whom
In the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad.我发现篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。
There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市。
⑤最高级+of+ which /whom
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。
⑥介词+which+名词
He usually returns home at ten, at which hour his father locks all the doors ad windows.他通常十点钟回家，在这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗。
His wife got seriously ill, in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.他的妻子病得很重，在这种情况下，他不得不放弃出国的机会。3．关系代词前介词的选择
在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中，应注意介词的正确选择。
①
根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。
The two things of which they felt proud were Jim's watch and Della's hair.他们引以为豪的两样东西是吉姆的手表和德拉的头发。（feel proud of是固定搭配词组）
In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。（turn to sb.for help是固定搭配词组）
②根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。
I'll never forget the ay on which I first met him.我永远忘不了我第一次遇见他的那一天。(the day前面一般用介词on)
Can you imagine a proper situation in which the expression can be used?
你能设想一个使用这个词语的场合吗？(a situation前面一般用in)高中定语从句讲解
③有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。
Is that the house in which you once lived
那就是你曾经住过的房子吗？(Live in the house)
④根据所要表达的意思来确定。
This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.这是我的眼镜，离了它我什么也看不清。注意：
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
I, who am your best friend, will do all that I can to help you.我是你的好朋友，我会尽我一切所能来帮你。
The family, who are fond of music, go to the concert once a month.这家人很爱音乐，他们每月都去听一次音乐会。
He is one of the boys in our class who speak English well.他是班上英语说得很好的男生之一。（one of +复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数形式）
He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.他是班上唯一英语说得很好的男生。（the(only)one the very one the right one of +复数名词+关系代词 引导的定语从句谓语动词用单数形式）
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where或 why等。when, where, why分别在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词+which结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。
A．when
指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when= on which)
He came at a time when we needed him most.他是在我们最需要他的时候来的。(when= at which)
We will never forget the year 1949, when th People's Republic of China was founded.我们永远忘不了1949年，那是中华人民共和国成立的一年。(when= in which)B．where
指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
I recently went back to the town where I was born.我最近曾回过一次我出生的城市。(where = in which)
I would like to live in a country where there is plety of sunshine.我想住在一个阳光充足的国家。(where = in which)
What's the name of the place where you spent your holiday
你度假的那个地方叫什么名字？(where = at which)C．why
指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.请告诉我你误机的原因。(why = for which)
Te reason why he was punished is unknown to us.高中定语从句讲解
他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。
注意:
无论是关系代词，还是关系副词，都在定语从句中取代了先行词，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。
【误】This is the book that I borrowed it yesterday.【正】This is the book that I borrowed yesterday.这就是我昨天借的书。（that在定语从句中取代了先行词the book，作borowed的宾语，因此，要去掉it）
【误】The English Corner is the place where people often go there to practise their spoken English.【正】The English Corner is the place where people often go to practise their spoken English.英语角是人们经常去练习英语口语的地方。（where在定语从句中取代了先行词the pace，作go的状语，因此，要去掉there）
三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
根据定语从句在句中所起的作用，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。
A．限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。
This is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。（the boy是先行词，who broke the indow是限制性定语从句，明确指出the boy是打破窗子的那个孩子）
I have a book which teaches English grammar.我有一本讲解英语语法的书。（a book是先行词，which teaches English grammar是限制性定语从句，修饰the book）
The people whom you met in the hall are from Japan.你在大厅见到的那些人来自日本。（定语从句whom you met in the hall定先行词the people）
B．非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。
I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.我是你的朋友，将与你分担这项工作。（I是先行词，who am your friend是非限制性定语从句，对先行词I起附加说明的作用）
New Concept English is intended for foeign students, which is known to us all.新概念英语是专为外国学生编写的，这是我们大家都知道的。（which is known to us all是非限制性定语从句，对主句作进一步的补充说明）C．在下列情况下，通常使用非限制性定语从句。1．当先行词表示的是世界上独一无二的人或物时。
The sun, which gives us light and heat, is a fixed star.太阳是一颗恒星，它给我们光和热。
Last year I visted the People's Great Hall, where many important meetings are held 高中定语从句讲解
every year.去年我参观了人民大会堂，每年许多重要会议都要在那里举行。2．当定语从句修饰整个主句时。
Taiwan belongs to China, as everyone knows.众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。
The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected.天气非常糟糕，这点们没有料到。
3．当先行词是专有名词，或先行词本身指示意义十分明确时。
Mr.Joe lives in Beijing now, which is quite a long way from here.乔先生现在住在北京，那里距离这儿很远。
I congratulate my neighbour, whose son has just won the election.我祝贺我的邻居，他的儿子刚刚赢得选举。非限制性定语从句的五个“不能”(1)关系词不能用 that
(2)关系词不能用 why，只能用 for which(3)有且只有 as 能放整个句首，which 不能
(4)“介词+关系代词 其中的关系代词不能用 as。介词 + which/ whom(5)指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格 whom;不能用 who 替换，也不能省略。
四、关系代词和关系副词的选用
引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选用，比较复杂除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是物，所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的，以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子成份外，还要根据习惯用法而定。A．只用who 1．在非限制定语从句中指人时：
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。2．先行词是one, anyone, those等指人时：
One who has nothing to fear for hiself dares to tell the truth.一个无所畏惧的人敢说真话。
Anyone who breaks the law shall be published.任何犯法的人都将受到惩罚。
Those who are against the plan put up your hands please.凡是反对这项计划的人，请举手。3．在there/here be开头的句子中。
Here is a boy who wants to see you.有个男孩想见你。B． 只用which whom
在下列情况下，一般不能用that代替which whom。1．在非限制性定语从句中。
The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected.天气非常糟糕，这我们没有料到。2．介词后面。高中定语从句讲解
关系代词紧跟在介词或短语介词后面，只能用which或whom，不能用that。
He climbed up to the top of a large rock, from which he got a good view.他爬到一块巨大的岩石顶上，从那里他看到很好的景色。（也可用from where）
Sound is a tool, by means of which people communicate with each other.声音是工具，人们通过这个工具进行交流。
C．只用that 1．当先行词为everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little等词时，或当先行词被every, any, all,some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。
Everything that they said was true.他所说的一切都是真的。
He is dead and there's nothing that can be done.他死了，再也没有什么办法了。
There was little that we could do to help her.我们没有什么能帮助她的。
These walls are all that remain of the ancint city.这些墙是这座古城所残存下来的全部。
提示: something 后面可用which引导定语从句。
There is something(which/ that)I'd like to tell you.有些事我想告诉你。2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place(that)they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
She was probably the hardest working student(that)I have ever taught.她也许是我教学生中学习最勤奋的。3．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。
This is the very grammar book(that)I want to buy.这正是我要买的语法书。
Beauty is the only thing(that)Emily can be proud of.美丽是埃米莉唯一能骄傲的东西。
4．当先行词为who或前面有who, which等疑问代词时。
Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? 有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的事情？
Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？
5．当先行词为人与事物或动物时。
The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered.掉入河里的司机与车都还没有找到。
The boy and his dog that were believed to be lost in the wood were rescued this morning.被认为在森林里迷路的孩子与狗，今天早上已经获救了。
6．先行词在定语从句中做表语时。
She is no longer the sweet girl(that)she used to be.她再也不是过去那个甜美的女孩了。
He is not the man(that)he seems.他这人不貌相。
D．关系副词与关系代词的选择
当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导，要根据关系词在定语从句中所担当的句子成分来决定。
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。（when作状语）高中定语从句讲解
I will never forget the days which we spent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。（which作we spent宾语）
I know a place where we can have a picnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。（where作状语）
I know a place which is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。（which作主语）E．关系词的省略
在下列情况下，关系代词或关系副词在非正式文体中可以省略。
1．关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。
Are these keys(that which)you were looking for? 这是你正在寻找的钥匙吗？
The man(who that)I was sitting net to on the plane talked all the time.飞机上坐在我旁边的那个人一直在喋喋不休。
2．以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。
I don't like the way(that in which)she walks.我不喜欢她走路的样子。The way(that in which)he answered the questions was surprising.他回答这些问题的方式令惊奇。
3．在the time when, the place where, the reason why结构中，when, where, why可省略。
I shall never forget the day(when)we first met.我永远不能忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
That's the place(where)he stayed when he was in the country.那就是他在乡下呆过的地方。
F．定语从句与强调句型的区别
1．强调句型中的it是个引导词，本身没有意义。如果去掉it is/was that，句子结构仍然完整，句意也完整。定语从句中的it是指示代词，做主句的主语。如果去掉it is/was that，句子结构不完整，意思也完整。
It is a question that needs careful consideration.这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。（定语从句）
It is novels that she enjoys reading.她喜欢阅读的是小说。（强调句）
2．在强调句中被强调的部分还可以是副词、介词短语或从句；在定语从句中先行词一般是名词、代词或名词短语。
Was it in this palace that the last emperor died（强调句型）
那位末朝皇帝是在这个宫殿里死的吗？
Was it this palace where the last emperor died（定语从句）
这是那位末朝皇帝死的宫殿吗？
3．有些强调句型中含有一个定语从句，这往往给理解带来一定的难度。解决方法是仔细分析that或who在句中的作用。
It was in the lab that was set up last year that they finished the experiment.他们是在去年建造的实验室里完成这个实验的。（that was set up last year 是定语从句，that在从句中作主语，并可被which替换）
It was the students who came from our school that won the first prize in the contest.是来自我们学校的学生获得了竞赛一等奖。（who came rom our school 是定语从句，who在从句中作主语）高中定语从句讲解
G．定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1．定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，起限定作用。而同位语从句等同于它所修饰的名词，是名词性的，其功能是对所修饰的名词作补充说明。
It is a fact(that)you can't deny.这是一个你不能否认的事实。（定语从句）
It is a fact that she has done her best.她尽了最大的努力，这是事实。（同位语从句）
2．在定语从句中，that代先行词，在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当某个句子成分，在作宾语时通常可省略。而在同位语从句中，that只起连接主句和从句的作用，无意义，在从句中不充当句子成分，一般不可省。
The news(that)we heard spread all over the school campus.我们听到的消息传遍了校园。（定语从句）
The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。（同位从句）
历年高考真题：
1.---Mom, what did your doctor say?
---He advised me to live _____ the air is fresher.2006年(四川卷)
A.in where
B.in which
C.the place where
D.where
先行词在句中无法找到, 故该句型不属定语从句,应为地点状语从句。本题考察
了定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。【D】
2.I saw a woman running towards me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _____ she had come.2006年（重庆卷）A.of which
B.by which
C.in which
D.from which 3.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,_____this was a memory she especially treasured.2006年（广东卷）
A.as
B.if
C.when
D.where 4.Women ______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____ don’t.2006年（北京卷）
A.who;不填 B.不填;who C.who;who D.不填;不填
解析：两处空格后均为定语从句，均缺少关系词。第一个定语从句的先行词是woman，要用关系代词引导从句，同时该从句中缺主语，用who；第二个定语从句高中定语从句讲解的先行词是those，在句中指人，其定语从句也缺少主语，用who.所以选C。
5.We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us _____ we gave some bells and glasses.2006年（湖南卷）
A.to which
B.to whom
C.with whom
D.with which 6.She was educated at Beijing University, _____ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.2006（陕西卷）
A.after which
B.from which
C.from that
D.after that 有逗号是定语从句，若是句号用after that即为状语从句。如果which在从句中是句子的一部分，充当从句的主语或者宾语，没有which句子就不完整。而that在从句中不是一部分，没有that一样是个完整的句子
7.The Beatles,____many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.2006年（天津卷）
A.what
B.that
C.how
D.as 8.I was given three books on cooking, the first _____ I really enjoyed.2006年（浙江卷）
A.of that
B.of which
C.that
D.which 9.My most famous relative of all, _____ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather.2006年（江苏卷）
A.one
B.the one
C.he
D.someone 10.We’re just trying to reach a point _____ both sides will sit down together and talk.2006年（山东卷）
A.where
B.that
C.when
D.Which 我们仅仅是尝试达到一个能使双方坐下来对话的目标。
point,base,situation,condition等表示事态，情况等的一些词在用于定语从句时后面的连词要用where或in which
11.You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre，_____ is always busy at the weekend.2006年（上海春季）
A.that B.where
C.what
D.Which先行词为shopping center 12.Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _____ they learn simple games and songs.2007年（全国Ⅰ卷）
A.while
B.there
C.then
D.where 13.Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _____ wanted to buy it.2007年（安徽卷）
A.none of them B.both of them
C.none of whom
D.neither of whom 14.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _____ they can be controlled on purpose.2007年（重庆卷）
A.with which
B.to which
C.of which
D.for which 按题意先行词 the degree 在句中构成 to sth.(达到某种程度)作句中作宾语 应选【B】。
1． 先行词在句中无法找到, 故该句型不属定语从句,应为地点状语从句。本题考察
了定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。【D】 高中定语从句讲解
2． 按题意先行词 the direction 用在 come(from)后构成(from)the direction 在句中作方式状语,应填 from which。【D】
3． 先行词是指整个主句的内容, 但是它在从句中不充当任何成分，故该句型不属定语从句,应为原因状语从句。本题考察了定语从句与原因状语从句的区别。【A】
4． 先行词 Women 在句中作主语,应选【C】
5． 按题意先行词 them 在句中作 give sth.to sb.结构作介词的宾语,应选【B】。
6． 按题意先行词是指整个主句的内容,在句中又构成了(after)sth作介词的宾语,应选【A】。
7． 【解析】按题意先行词是指整个主句的内容,在句中作 remember 的宾语,应选【D】。
8． 【解析】按题意先行词 three books 在句中与 the first(of …)一起作 enjoyed 的宾语,应选【B】。
9． 【解析】按题关系代词为 who 已给出,在句中作主语。本题是考察根据从句找出先行词。根据题意关系代词指人，常用 the one 代替，故选【B】 10． 【解析】先行词 a point 在句中作地点状语，应选【A】。
11． 【解析】先行词 the shopping centre 在句中作主语,且该句为非限制性定语从句，故D
12． 【解析】先行词 a day care center 在句中作地点状语，应选【D】。13． 【解析】按题意先行词 only two people 在句中作主语,应选【D】。
14． 【解析】按题意先行词 the degree 在句中构成 to sth.(达到某种程度)作句中作宾语 应选【B】。
第三篇：定语从句讲解
定语从句专题讲解
一、基本概念：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which，as 关系副词有：when, where, why.二、关系词的用法：
（一）关系代词的用法：
1． 作主语用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2． 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：
The man(whom/who/that)we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book(which/that)I bought last week? 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。
3． 作定语用whose, 如：(a)He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b)It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down..(= the back wall of which)He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)4． 作表语只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place(that)it used to be.（二）关系副词的用法：
1．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：
I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如： Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where有时也可以省略。如：
This is the place(where)we met yesterday.3． why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点：
1． 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on(in, at, during„)+ which;where = in(at, on„)+ which;why = for which.如：
I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he arrived.The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.2． 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：
I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3． when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1．限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如： This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything(that)I can do for you? 2．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如：
This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。
另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如：
第2/6页
I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.3．两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较： All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man.（只有一个）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.（不止一个）
4．有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导。当整个主句（先行词）在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。
eg: He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.He has left here, which greatly upsets me.注：
（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light.As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象„ „那样”。
（3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用或当非限制定语从句为否定时，则常用which，而不用as，如：
She stole her friend’s money, which was disgraceful.He tore up my photo, which upset me.Tom drinks a lot everyday,which his wife doesn’t like at all.5．在正式文体中，以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或 that 引导，如：
The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which或 that : The way(in which)he spoke to us was suspicious.I don’t like the way(that)you laugh at her.四．关系词的选择
1． 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用who 指人，which指物；关系代词做宾语，常用whom（口语中有时用who）指人，which指物，它们都不能用that代替。
2． 关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：
Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?
第3/6页
Do you know the boy(that)she was talking to? The pencil(which/that)he was writing with suddenly broke.3． 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：(1)当先行词是all, a lot,(a)little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。如： All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2)当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。如：
We heard clearly every word that he said.(3)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：
The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容
词最高级同时修饰时，如：
Is that the best that you can do? That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5)当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。如： This is the very book that I want to find.(6)当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：
The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.(7)当主句是以which，who,what开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Which is the car that killed the boy? Who is the person that is making this lecture? 4.用which而不用that的情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句； ②代表整个主句的意思； ③介词+关系代词。e.g.He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
This is the room in which my father lived last year.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。
5.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用who(m)或that，二者常可互换。
但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that：
(1)当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等词时。如：
第4/6页
Is there anyone who can answer this question? He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.注：在非正式文体中可以说：You’re the one that knows where to go.)(2)当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词时。如： He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet.Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he that„。如： He that promises too much means nothing.(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。如：
Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?(4)在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如：
A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.There’s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see.I was the only person in my office who was invited.(5)两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如：
She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.6.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that:(1)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? Which of us that knows anything does not know this?(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如： He is the greatest man that has ever lived.(3)当先行词被the only, the very, the last等词所修饰时。如： She is the only person that understands me.7.当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。
如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。
This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。
在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用： I have the same opinion as / that you have.这里要注意的是：
（1）使用as时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用that时，定语从句中 的动词不可省略。如： Women received the same pay as men.Women received the same pay that men received.(2)在“the same„that”结构中，that只是用来加强语气，强调“相同”。
第5/6页
that可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的same也可以省去。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.= This is the instrument I used yesterday.但在“the same„as”结构中，same和as都不能省略。
(3)当“the same„that”结构中的that作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与as互换。
如：He lives in the same building that I live.= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.Shall we meet at the same place that we last met? = Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at? 8.当先行词前有such, so, as时，关系词应当用as。如： A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn’t understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Let’s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.另需注意：
This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定语从句）
This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.（结果状语从句）
9.as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：
as is known to all,as is said,as is reported, as is announced,as we all know,as I expect等。
Eg：As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
第四篇：定语从句讲解
定语从句讲解
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行
词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
如：
He is the boy
who often goes to school late.先行词
关系词
定语从句
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）
The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）
2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）
The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）
3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）
Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）
注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。
（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
（4）关系词只能用that的情况：
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？
c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：
Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
第五篇：定语从句讲解
定语从句讲解
一个美丽的女孩
a beautiful girl（形容词作前置定语）一个穿白色衣服的女孩
a girl in white（介词短语作后置定语）一个正唱歌的女孩
a girl who is singing(定语从句，修饰或限定名词girl）
一、概念: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.Harry Porter is a smart boy.形容词作定语 Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.句子作定语,修饰boy, 叫做定语从句 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词 分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：who whom whose which that as
关系代词 ：when where why 先行词和关系词的关系
1.A plane is a machine that can fly.the machine = that 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.the boy =who 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.the boy’s =whose The school where I study is far from my home.in the school = where 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词 关系代词的作用
1.代替先行词;
２.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;
3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句.（把主句和从句连起来）
关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。
① who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.分解
作主语 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。
The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.作宾语分解、The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.③ which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
This is a truck which / that is made in China.分解 This is a truck.The truck is made in China.These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using is made in Japan.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from? ④that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.作主语 分解 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man(that)I told you about.⑤whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 I know the girl.The girl’s mother is a teacher.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.We live in a house whose windows face south.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.定语从句三步：
第一找出先行词
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状
语）
第三选择合适的关系词 关系代词的用法注意点
(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that 不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ②当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如：
This is all that I want from the school.③当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days.④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：
The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.由wh-开头的特殊疑问句
Who is the man that you are talking about? 练习：that 与 which 1)Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? 2)The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.3)Who is the man _____ is standing there? 4)Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.5)She heard a terrible noise，______ brought her heart into her mouth.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。①先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如： All who heard the news were excited.②先行词为those, he和people时。如：
Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.定语从句练习
The foreign guests，were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A．most of them
B．most of whom
C．most of that
D．most of those He was the very one of the students who
praised at the class meeting.A．was
B．were C．is
D．are The balls are solid，makes them very heavy.it
B．what C．which D．that
The scientist and his achievements
you told me about are admired by us.who
B．that
C．which D． /
He is working hard，will make him pass the final exam.who
B．that
C．which D．it
The museum
we are going to visit is far form our school.where B．that
C．it
D．as
Which of the two sheep
you keep produces more milk?
that
B．which C．what D．they
The weather turned out to be very good，was more than we could expect.B．which
C．that
D．it
Finally, the thief handed everything
he had stolen to the police.which B．what
C．whatever D．that
Tom as well as his friends who
football matches
to school today.likes;hasn’t gone
B．likes;haven’t gone
C．like;hasn’t gone
D．like;haven’t gone We should learn from those
are ready to help others.A．what
A．who
B．whom C．whose D．they 12.I have two brothers，are doctors.A．both of them
B．both of who
C．both of whom
D．both of they 13.Everything
can be done should be done.A．which B．that
C．all
D．where 14.Is oxygen the only gas
helps fire burn?
A．that
B．/
C．which D．what
15.The first place
we visited in that city was a big factory.A．where B．in which C．that
D．which
16.Which is the largest bridge
was built across the river?
A．that
B．which C．where D．on which 17.Please pass me the dictionary
cover is black.A．which B．its
C．whose D．which of 18.This is the very place
I’m wishing to live in.A．where B．which C．that
D．in which 19.She always gives in to those _____ have money.A．in which B．who
C．that
D．which
二、从下框中选择合适的关系代词填空。
that;which;who;whose;不填
This is the village ______ I ever visited last year.I will always remember the days ______ we spent in the village.I will never forget the boy ______ ever helped me.He lives in the room ______ door is green.This is the best movie ______ we have seen this year.The trees _____ stand by the river have been green.These are the very books _____ I am looking for.It was the largest map _____ I had even seen.He made notes of everything _____ he read.10.Yesterday I met the teacher _____ once taught us maths.
点击咨询 