成人学位英语复习资料（精选5篇）

第一篇：成人学位英语复习资料

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一、时态和语态

1.如何解答时态问题

例1You’ve already missed too many classes this term.You ______ just last week.A.missed B.would miss C.had missed D.have missed

例2Anne asked Tom ______ the key.A.when he left B.where he had left C.how he left

D.why did he left

2.与完成时 有关的时态

★现在完成时(have done)

since, for/ in the past few months, up to now

例1Collecting

toy cars as a hobby becomes increasingly popular during the past fifty years.A

B

C

D

例2English ______ in a new way at my college in the past few years.A.has been taught

B.was being taught

C.has been taught

D.had been taught.★过去完成时(had done)

例3Anne asked Tom ______ the key.A.when he left B.where he had left C.how he left

D.why did he left

例4The chemistry class_____ for five minutes when we hurried there.A.had been on B.had begun C.has been on

D.would began

★将来完成时(will have done)

by

例5We’re late I expect the film_____ by the time we get to the cinema.A.had already started

B.have already

C.will already have started

D.have already been started.★现在完成进行时(have been doing)

例6It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A.had leaked B.is leaking

C.leaked

D.has been leaking

★过去完成进行时(had been doing)

★

将来完成进行时(will have been doing)

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例7By the time you arrive this evening, _______for two hours.A.I will study

B.I will have been studied

C.I had studied D.I will have been studying.3.在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态

▲用一般现在时代替一般将来时

例1When the mixture_____, it will give off a powerful force.A.will heat B.will be heated C.is heated D.has heated

例2please be sure to telephone me the next time you ______.A.will come B.would come C.shall come D.come

▲用现在完成时代替将来完成时

例3Smith is to study medicine as soon as he_______ military service.A.will finish B.has finished C.finish D.would finish

例4No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she______ them.A.tries B.will try C.are trying D.have tried 4.考试小窍门

案。

二、情态动词

1.几个情态动词的否定式的含义

can’t

may not mustn’t need’t

2.表示推测的几个情态动词用法

★must

+do

对现在情况的推测

must

+have done

对过去情况的推测

例1I ________ asleep in the corner, for I remember nothing of what happened during the night A.might fall B.must fall C.must have fallen

D.can have fallen

★ can’t/could’t

+do

对现在情况的推测

can’t/couldn’t

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+have done

对过去情况的推测

★ may/might not

+do

对现在情况的推测

may/might

+have done

对过去情况的推测

3.情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法

needn’t have done should have done should not have done ought to have done could have done

4.考试小窍门

词加完成时是正确答案。

× Must do

√ Must have done

三、虚拟语气

1.条件句中的虚拟语气

I would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him.A.had known B.have known C.knew D.would know

If a better material ______, the strength of the part would have

been increased.A.had been used B.had been using C.being used

D.using

? 如果条件句中有were, had, shouldif

例3_____ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A.If he took B.if he should take

C.Were he to take D.Had he taken

? 含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用

But for/without

„„, otherwise/or„

„„, but/though„.做最好的自己

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But for your help, I _____ the work in time.A.did not finish B.could not finish

A.will not finish D.would not have finished

Without electricity, human life _____ quite different today.A.is B.will be C.would have been

D.would be

He was very busy yesterday;otherwise he_____ to the meeting.A.would have come B.would come C.could come D.had come

We would have made a lot of money, but we

halfway

A.gave up B.had given up C.would give up D.were to give up

? 错综时间条件句

If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.2.(should)+动词原形在某些从句中的应用

(1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如:

I suggested that we should go there on foot.注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如:

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money

(2)It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/ 等后的主语从句中

It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight

(3)advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request 等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:

My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening

3.wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气

4.if only 引导的感叹句中

5.as if/as though引导的状语从句中

6.would rather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式

7.it is(high)time that „.句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式

四、非谓语动词

1.不定式

?不定式的逻辑主语

The road is wild enough for cars to pass by.It is important for you to work hard.It is kind of you to help me.?不定式的时态和语态

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The magnificent museum is said _____ about a hundred years ago.A.to be built B.to have been built

C.to have built D.to have being built

?使用不带to的不定式

1)why not do表示委婉的建议

Why not_____Professor Li for help? He is kind-hearted and willing

to help.A.ask B.you ask C.to ask D.your asking

2)使役动词have, make, letto的不定 式。

例The teacher has the students _____ a composition every other week.A.to write B.written

C.writing D.write

While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_____

A.broke B.break C.broken D.breaking

There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make

himself_____

A.hearing B.being told C.to hear

D.heard

3)表示生理感觉的动词如see, watch, notice, observe, hear后面接不定式做

to的不定式。

With tears on her face, the old lady watched the little boy_____ to a hospital.A.send B.to be sent C.being sent D.sending 4)do something but/except do

There is nothing we can do _____ wait.A.but B.rather than

C.in spite of C.besides.5)记住下列不带to的短语

can’t but

can’t help but

had better 2.动名词

1.remember

forget regret

stop go on

mean

2.后面跟动名词的固定句式

have trouble/problems/difficult doing something

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feel like

spend/waste„doing something can’t help

need/deserve/want be worth

what about/how about 3.分词

分词作表语

独立主格结构

例1During the discussion , Mr Boyd remained silent when asking his

opinion.A

B

C

D

例2Your experiment reports must be checked with care before_______ A.handed them in

B.them handing in

C.being handed in

D.handing them in

_______ in the air fuels give off heat.A.T burn

B.Burned

C.T be burned

D.Being burned

五、状语从句

赵文通 时间状语从句

★

while/ when/ as/ until

★

一„就„

no sooner„than/ hardly„when/ scarcely„when

★

the moment the minute the instant

★

固定句型

It is/has been „.since„

1.原因状语从句

now that

in that

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2.条件状语从句

unless

as long as

provided that 3.让步状语从句

as

though although even if

even though while whatever

六、平行结构

and, or, but Prefer

Prefer something to something

Prefer doing something to doing something

Prefer to do something rather than do something Prefer

Prefer somebody to do something

e.g : I prefer you to speak English in the class.1、a number of, the number of

a number of +

the number of +

2、able, capable, competent

able be able to do s.thA cat is able to see in the dark.capable be capable of +doing。

competent

A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases.3、above allafter allat all;in all above all

But above all tell me quickly what I have to do 做什么。

after all 可位于句首、句中或句末。如After allyour birthday is only two weeks away后就是你 的生日。

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He isafter allHe failed after allat alla small child

He doesn’t like you at all

Are you going to do it at all

If you do it at alldo it well

I was surprised at his coming at all

in all

There are 25,000 Inuit in all(In all, there are 25,000 Inuit)这儿共有25,000因努伊特人。

4、aboard, abroad, board, broad aboard I never went aboard a ship.abroad He often goes abroad.board The passengers are boarding the plane now.broad He has very broad shoulders.5、accept, receive accept receiveI received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it.6、accident, incident, event

accidenta traffic accident

incident

event 也指国家和社会的事件。

7-accurate, correct, exact, precise accurateClocks in railway stations should be accurate.correct 的反义词是incorrect, wrong.exact 差”。它的反义词是inexact。

precise8、accuse, charge, sue accuse of His bossaccused him of carelessness.charge 常与withThe police charged the driver with reckless driving.sue 常与for Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house

9、acquire, require, inquire acquireacquire knowledge

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inquireinquire a person’s name

requireWe require more help.10、adopt, adapt adopt Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl.He adopted our suggestion.adopt与adapt11、advantage, benefit, profit advantage

He had the advantage of good education.profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year?

benefit I get no personal benefit from the business.12、1affect, effect affectSmoking affects health.effectGovernment policy will not have any effect on us.13、afford, provide, supply

afford一般只用于抽象事物。

provide 和supplywithprovide /supply somebody with something的结构。

14、ago, before ago

before 可以单独使用。

I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。

He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过 这场电影。

15、agree onagree toagree with

agree on

The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month

agree to

其一是to

解。健康文档

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第二篇：学位英语复习资料

学位英语复习资料

•学位英语词汇练习10题

1.The telegram was based on information from a _________ source.A.recent

B.reliable

C.rare

D.private 2.Mr.Wilson said that he did not want to __________ any further responsibilities.A.take on

B.bring on

C.get on

D.carry on 3.We were __________ for half an hour in the traffic and so we arrived late.A.held up

B.put back

C.broken down

D.taken down 4.We develop trade with that company for our shared _________.A.honour

B.reward

C.benefit

D.prize 5.It is a very popular play, and it would be wise to ________ seats well in advance.A.engage

B.book

C.isolate

D.occupy 6.Apples are ________ in summer and cost a lot.A.rare

B.scarce

C.common

D.unusual 7.I took the medicine, but it didn’t have any _________ on me.A.effect

B.relation

C.touch

D.affect 8.Rapid reading means reading something fast just to __________ the general idea.A.master

B.seize

C.grasp

D.imagine 9.They build strong walls round the town as a __________ against the enemy.A.defense

B.defend

C.defeat

D.depend 10.Who ___________ the workers to take up the struggle? A.called for

B.called in

C.called on

D.called off

练习答案：1-10

BAACB

AACAC

•学位英语语法与词汇部分模拟题

1.The teacher’s lecture on American history was three hours long, and Mary felt very _____.A.upset

B.bored

C.disturbed

D.neglected 2.Her mind was so _____ by the disease that she could not remember what she had done.A.acted

B.influenced

C.effected

D.affected 3.Every boy and girl _____ not to swim in the lake, for it is polluted.A.has been warned

B.have been warned

C.has warned

D.have warned 4.She heard a terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it

B.this

C.which

D.that

5.Why can’t you do this small _____ for me? I’ve helped you often enough in the past.A.command

B.demand

C.effort

D.favor 6._____ he often forgot their wedding anniversary greatly annoyed his wife.A.All

B.What

C.Which

D.That 7.You screamed in your sleep last night.You _____ a terrible dream.A.must have had

B.must have

C.must had had

D.must have been 8.However much _____, it will be worth the money.A.the dictionary costs

B.costs the dictionary

C.the dictionary will cost

D.does the dictionary cost 9.I don’t care _____ or not she will apologize to me.A.if

B.whether

C.what

D.which 10.One of my brother’s many faults is that he never _____ anything very long.A.decides on

B.sticks to

C.goes over

D.makes up

11.The departure of the train will be _____ for half an hour.A.cancelled B.delayed

C.postponed

D.set off 12.But for his sister’s help, I _____ the work.A.did not finish

B.will not finish

C.could not finish

D.would not have finished 13.Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained _____ into account before starting a new project.A.be taken

B.should take C.would be taken

D.have to be taken 14.Sixty per cent of television viewers chose her as their _____ actress.A.fortunate

B.preferred

C.favourite

D.preferable 15.Judges must be independent _____ political pressure.A.to

B.of

C.under

D.on

16.I looked everywhere for some cooking oil, but I could only find ____.A.a little

B.little

C.a few

D.few 17.Al’s doctor insists _____ for a few days.A.that he is resting

B.him to rest

C.his resting

D.that he rest 18.There wasn’t much snow last winter so people couldn’t go ____ except in the mountains.A.skiing

B.skied

C.to ski

D.having skied 19.You’ve got to be on top _____ to do well in a competition like that.A.condition B.form

C.shape

D.training 20.Your behavior was shocking.You should be ashamed _____ yourself.A.of

B.at

C.to

D.on 21.I suppose you couldn’t let me borrow your car this evening, _____?

A.couldn’t I

B.don’t I

C.could you

D.will you

22._____ five hundred people are believed to have drowned.A.As many as

B.As much as

C.So many as

D.So much as 23.I chose a small room with the window _____ the street.A.faces

B.faced

C.facing

D.to face 24._____ the rain we would have had a nice holiday.A.But that

B.Despite

C.But for

D.In spite of

1.B

关于美国历史，这个教师讲了有三个小时长，这让Mary 感到非常讨厌。upset 难过的，不安的； bored 令（人）

16.A

cooking oil 是不可数名词，另外根据境可知：这个句子又表示肯定的含义，（若选C则表示否定含义，即一点也没有找到）所以选择A选项。

17.D Al 的医生坚持要他休息了些日子； insist 后面用虚拟语气，should可省略。

18.A

go skiing 去划雪；

类似的还有： go shopping 去购物； go swimming 去游泳； go boating 去划船。

19.B 固定搭配用法：to be on top form 处于最佳状态。

20.A

你的行为令人感到震惊，你应当为此感到羞愧；

be ashamed of … 为…感到羞愧。

21.C suppose 后面的从句中为否定式couldn’t，而主句为肯定式，这是否定后移的用法，后面的反意疑问句要根据从句而定，故反意疑问句用肯定式could you。

22.A

首先B、D不对，因为much后面修饰不可数名词； as many as 与…一样多，后面可以接具体的数字；而C项不正确，因为：so many as 如此众多的，后面不能出现具体的数字； drown 淹死；

23.C 我选了一个窗户对着街道的小房间。现在分词短语做定语，主动含义。24.C but for… 要不是因为…；介词短语代替条件从句的用法。25.A

wish后面接虚拟语气的用法。

26.B what引导的名词性从句，这句话的意思是：我所不喜欢的是冬季那漫长而黑暗的夜晚。

27.A

reception 接待员，接待，招待会，接受； 这是一个非限制性定语从句，whose job was 其工作是…。这句话是说：那个接待员，其工作是接电话，他得了喉炎。

28.B turn down 拒绝； turn away 打发走； turn over 把…弄翻了； D项错误，没有这种形式。29.C resist doing … 禁不住…；看到苹果25分一磅，我们禁不住买了四磅。

30.C bring up 养育； Well-mannered children 行为举止良好的孩子，有教养的孩子。有教养的孩子往往都是家长培养教育的结果。没有A项这种用法，因为raise是及物动词，后面不能跟介词； borne up 坚强，毫不气馁。

31.A

as well as his mother, 不影响谓语动词的使用，主语是Tom’s father，另外ask sb to do sth 要求(请)某人做某事，这句话是说：汤姆的爸爸，还有她的妈妈，要他在纽约再待一段时间。

32.B 如果我们知道她计划今天出国，我们一定去机场给她送行了。前面的虚拟条件句是对过去情况的一种假设，谓语用过去完成时态，故主句用would have done 这种形式。

33.A

这是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代的是前面的problems, of which… 在…当中； 34.D for fear that 以免，担心；他烧掉了所有重要的资料，以免落入敌人的手掌。

35.B have a great influence on … 对…有很大的影响，这句话是说：文学和艺术对人们影响很大。

•学位英语英译汉模拟试题

1.In the early fifties, only eight or nine out of a hundred young men changed their jobs within the first three years with a company.在五十年代初期，有百分之八九的年轻人在一家公司工作三年后往往会跳槽。

2.Since most jobs take only a year and a half to master, in order to continue learning, they have to make a job change.由于大多数工作只需花一年多就可以掌握，为了继续学习，他们就会调换工作。

3.They have worked for a few years as technical specialists and quickly moved into higher management positions.作为技术专家，他们在工作了几年之后会更快地跳到更高的管理岗位。4.Sociologists are interested in how a society began and how it grew.社会学家们对于一个社会是怎样形成与怎样发展起来的很感趣。

5.A Frenchman named Auguste Comte made sociology a separate science in the 1830s.1830年，一个叫Auguste Comte的法人使社会学成为一门独立的学科。6.The method of capital punishment varies from nation to nation.执行死刑的方法因国家而各不相同。

7.The new device was named after the man who spoke out in favor of it.有个人大胆提议用这种新装置，后来这种刑具就以那个人的名字命名。

customers.购物中心舒适而且方便，这是超市受人欢迎的另外一个原因。

29.Most of the ill health we suffer could be prevented if people made more effort to change their life styles.如果人们努力去改变生活方式，就能远离大多数的疾病。

30.Similarly all advertising of alcohol should be banned and compensation paid to families of alcoholics who die of the liver disease.同样所有的酒类广告都应当被禁止，对于那些因喝酒导致生病，最终死亡的人应当赔偿。

31.Although mother’s day is a relatively new holiday in America, more and more other countries are also setting aside a day to honor their mothers.在美国，尽管母亲节时间夏天对来讲并不长，但世界上越来越多的国家都开始规定某一天为母亲节，来表达对他们母亲的敬意。

32.No longer was she so gentle, so relaxed and easy-going.她再也不像以前那样温柔，随和，好说话了。

33.Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time.一些人们认为他应该也能在同一时间把问题处理好。34.Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning.有时候人们说的话言不由衷。

35.The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.（当你）仔细斟酌别人对你所说的话的时候，可以使你避免再犯错误。

36.Contrary to popular belief, colds are not caused by exposure to severe weather.和人们的普遍想法相反，感冒并非恶劣的气候造成。37.The custom can be traced back to the roman era.付小费这种习俗这种风俗可以追溯到古罗马时代。

38.A more common belief is tips were first given in the 18th century England.付小费这种习俗源于18世纪的英国。

39.In America and Europe it is customary to tip anywhere from 10% to 20%.在美国和欧洲，人们普遍的做法是以消费金额的百分之十到百分之二十来付小费的。40.Today most people decide the size of tip according to the quality of the service.现在，人们付小费的数量取决于享受的服务质量。

41.People who usually cannot afford it are the biggest tippers in front of their friends.往往是那些付不起大额小费的人在朋友面前付小费最大方。

42.Many analysts suggest that this added pressure disproportionately touches the women, who already carry major responsibility for their own children.许多分析家认为，对于那些已经承担了繁重的养儿育女责任的妇女们来说，这无疑是雪上加霜。

43.Perhaps the most important issue that emerges from the social trends just described is the impact of family instability and single parenting on children.也许上述社会倾向所产生的最重要的问题是家庭的不稳定性及单亲家庭对儿童的影响。

44.When this happens, the government should decrease the salaries of the workers by raising taxes.当这种情况发生时，政府应该通过增税来减少工人的工资。

45.While this might appear to be a positive step, it is actually regressive.尽管这样做表面上看是一种积极的措施，可实际上却是消极的。

46.While this law is not without humor by today’s standards, it clearly shows an awareness of the problem in times gone by.尽管这个法律按当今的标准来看是很滑稽的，但它却表明很久以前人们就已经估计到这一点了。

47.the motives for suicide can be categorized into areas such as failure, wrath(暴怒), the need for attention, stress, and so on.7-

第三篇：2011学位英语复习资料

一般现在时

1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点离开家。

2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：

The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。

3)表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：

I don't want so much.我不要那么多。exam8.com

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。

二、一般过去时

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago，the other day, in 1982等。例如：

Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?

2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。

3)句型：It is time for sb.to do sth

“到……时间了”

“该……了”

例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。

It is time that sb.did sth.“时间已迟了”

“早该……了”

例如It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。

would(had)rather sb.did sth.表示'宁愿某人做某事'。

例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

三、一般将来时

1)shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：

Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?

2)be going to +不定式，表示将来。

a.主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow?

b.计划，安排要发生的事。exam8.com

例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c.有迹象要发生的事。

例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。

3)be +to表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4)be about to +动词原形，意为马上做某事。例如：

He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。

注意：

1、一般现在时表示将来

1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin，return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

2)在时间或条件句中。例如：

When Bill comes(不是will come), ask him to wait for me.比尔来后，让他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就写信给你。

2、用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave等现在进行时可以表示将来：

I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。

四、现在进行时

a.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如：

We are waiting for you.我们正在等你。

b.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：

Mr.Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)

c.表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：

The leaves are turning red.叶子在变红。

It's getting warmer and warmer.天越来越热了。

d.与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：

You are always changing your mind.你老是改变主意。

五、过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：

I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。

They were expecting you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等待。

难点释疑：

when作并列连词，表示“(这时)突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：.I was taking a walk when I met him.我正在散步，突然遇见了他。

We were playing outside when it began to rain.我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。

六、将来进行时

1)表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。例如：

She'll be coming soon.她会很快来的。

I'll be meeting him sometime in the future.将来我一定去见他。

2)常用的时间状语有soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this

time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。例如：By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.明天此时，我正躺在海滩上呢。

注意：“主将从现原则”，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时(代替一般将来时)

When, as soon as, if,等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：

He is going to visit her aunt t when he arrives in Beijing.他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。

七、现在完成时

a.现在完成时可表示过去发生的动作对现在所产生的影响，后面通常不用时间状语，但句中常出现already, just,yet等副词。如：

Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。

I’ve just finished reading the novel.我刚刚读完这本小说。

Have you seen the doctor yet?你看过医生了吗?

注：already和yet用法上的区别

already常用于肯定句，置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，常用于句末。但already有时也可用语疑问句中暗示惊讶的心情。如：

b.现在完成时也可表示从过去某时开始的动作，状态一直持续到现在，常和for, since引导的时间状语连用。

如： I have learned English for 5 years.He has lived in Beijing since he was born.注：

(1)for和since引导的时间状语的区别: for + 一段时间, since + 一点时间从句(从句中常用一般过去时)。

(2)表示继续的现在完成时也可和lately, recently, so far, up to now, till now, in the past(last)few years……, this week(month, year……), all day, all this week等时间状语连用。

如：Tom has had a toothache all day.I haven’t heard from him recently.(3)现在完成时也可表示从过去到现在曾经经历过或做过的事情，常和often, ever, never, before, once,…times等时间状语连用。如：.I’ve never been to Beijing.我从没去过北京。He has read this book before.难点释疑：

1.点动词与延续性动词的区别.所谓点动词是指含有终止或短暂意义的动词。如：begin, end, die, buy, borrow, come, arrive，join, marry等动词。它们通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

I have bought a book.我买了一本书。.I’ve had this book for three weeks.这本书我已经买了三星期了。

2.have got的含义.have got形式上是现在完成时，却和have是同一个意思

She has got a slight temperature.She has a slight

temperature.她有点发烧。

3、用于现在完成时的句型

It is the first / second time....that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：

It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次访问这城市。

This is the first time(that)I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。

八、过去完成时

(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。如：

By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。

(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。例如：

I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。

He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。

(3)叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。例如：

Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。

I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。

(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：

I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。

She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。

(5)过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如：.He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。

I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。

(6)在包含有when, until等连词的复合句中，例如：

When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。

She didn’t go to bed until she had finished he work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。

(7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。例如：

They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。

We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我们本来希望能来看看你。

(8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first(second, etc)time(that)…等固定句型中。例如：.Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。

九、将来完成时

a.状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：

They will have been married for 20 years by then.到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。

b.动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：You will have reached

Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天此时，你已经到达上海了 一语法重点串讲

语法是三级英语统考的一个重点，它将体现在所有五个题型中，但重点将集中在以下几个方面。

1、时态：常用的10—11种

2、语态：被动语态

3、情态动词

4、虚拟语气

5、动词的非谓语形式三种

6、各种从句（主、宾、表、定、状、同位语从句）

7、主谓一致

8、倒装句

9、强调句

10、附加疑问句 第一章 语法重点串讲

第一节 动词的时态

考试重点：一般现在时（if 从句和as soon as 从句）；进行时表将来；现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别；完成时瞬间动词以及have（has）been, have（has）gone的区别；过去完成时的时间状语；将来完成时。

一、一般现在式：

1、表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态：常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等时间状语连用。

例：He goes to work every day.他每天去上班。

2、表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。

例：The earth is round.地球是圆的。

3、有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。

例：I don’t think you are right.我以为你错了。

4、在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作：常用的连词有as soon as，when，till，if。

（1）They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ________their exams.A.have finished

B.finish

C.finished

D.was finishing

（答案：B）（1996年22题）

（2）When the mixture ______, it will give off a powerful force.A.will heat

B.will be heated

C.is heated

D.has heated

（答案：C）（1992年59题）

二、一般过去时：

1、表示过去的动作或状态：常和过去时间状语连用。just now, last year, when I was 8years old等。

例：You've already missed too many classes this term.You _____ two classes just last week.A.missed

B.would miss

C.had missed

D.have missed

（答案：A。有具体的时间状语要用过去时。）（1995年59题）

2、used to do sth：过去常常做…

例：I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。（意味着现在不在早晨散步了。）

3、it is high time（that）…句型中，谓语动词用过去时。

例：Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?

A.give up

B.gave up

C.would give up

D.should give up

（答案：B）（1999年31题）三、一般将来时

1、will（shall）+原形动词：表示将来的动作或状态。

例：He will come and help you.他会来帮助你的。

2、be going to +动词原形：表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。

例：Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去听这个演讲吗？

3、be to +动词原形： 表示安排或计划好了的动作。

例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.三环路将在国庆节前通车。

4、be about to +动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。

5、例：The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始。

6、某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如：go ,come, start, arrive，leave 等的现在进行时可表示将来。

（1）We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我们明天动身去北京。

（2）The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight.外宾今晚到达济南。

四、过去将来时

表示在过去预计将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句。

例：He wanted to know when the conference would start.他想知道会议何时开始。

五、现在进行时

1、表示此时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作。

例：The teacher is talking with his students.这位老师正在同他的学生交谈。

2、表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。

例：I am attending a conference in Beijing.我正在北京参加一个会议。

六、过去进行时

1、表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。

例：He was doing his homework from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点他正在做作业。

2、when 和while 的用法

（1）I fell and hurt myself while I _____tennis.A.was playing B.am playing C.play D.played

（答案：A。连接词when 表示时间上的点，其所引导的句子用过去时，while 表示持续的一段时间，其所引导的句子用过去进行时。）（1998年43题）

（2）When you _____ this over with her, you should not see her any more.A.talk B.talked C.will talk D.talking

（答案为B）（1999年35题）

（3）One of the guards _____ when the general came in, which made him very angry.A.has slept B.were sleeping C, slept D.was sleeping

（答案为D）（1996年23题）

3、过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。

例：He went to see Xiao Li.He was leaving early the next morning.他去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。

七、现在完成时

1、表示动作刚刚结束（常和just, now, already, yet等词连用）；或表示动作的结果（一般不用时间状语）。

（1）Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯已经关上了）

（2）I have lost my pen.我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没有找到这支笔。）

2、表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，并且可能会继续延续下去（常用since引导的短语或从句，或由for 引导的短语连用）。

（1）He has lived here for 30 years.他住在这儿已经三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）

（2）They’ve known each other since childhood.他们从小彼此相识。（现在还继续来往）

3、非延续性动词的完成时和it is +时间+since…..（过去时）

英语中有些动词不能延续，因此不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。

（1）He has _____ the army for ten years and is now an officer.A.gone into

B.joined in

C.been in

D.come into（答案：C。用现在完成时表示“继续”的概念时，只能用含有持续意义的动词，不可用瞬间性动词。）（1995年49题）

（2）It is 3 years since I left Shanghai.我离开上海已经三年了。

（如果是非延续动词，这时常用 it is +时间+since 的句型代替，从句用过去时态。）

4、have（has）been to 和have（has）gone to 的区别

have（has）been to：去过某地（表示某人的一种经历），可以和once，twice，often，never，ever 连用。

have（has）gone to：去某地了（表示某人已经离开此地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般来说此句型只用于第三人称），此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。

（1）He has gone to America.（意思为他已经去了美国，现在不在此地）

（2）He has been to America twice.他去过美国两次。

八、过去完成时

1、表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作（即过去的过去）。这个过去的某一时间可用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。

例：About the sixth century A.D.when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _____ paper.A.invented

B.had invented

C.have invented

D.had been invented

（答案：B）（1997年35题）

2、表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。

例：The chemistry class _____ for five minutes when we hurried there.A.had been on

B.was on

C.has been on

D.would be on

（答案：A）（1995年24题）

3、在含有before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的先后顺序，因此，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时表示，而不用过去完成时。

例：I called him as soon as I arrived.我刚一到就给他打电话。

4、过去完成时常用在no sooner …than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…，一…就…。句型之中，句子到装。

（1）No sooner had we sat down _____ we found it was time to go.A.than

B.when

C.as

D.while

（答案为A）（1997年50题）

（2）Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.他刚打开门，蜡烛就被一阵风吹灭了。

九、将来完成时：表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。

1、By the time John gets home, his aunt _____.A.will have

B.leaves

C.will have left

D.is leaving

（答案：C）（1995年25题）

2、I _____ writing the article by the time you get back.A.shall finish

B.must have finished

C.have finished

D.shall have finished（答案：D）（2000年24题）

十、现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时一直延续到现在的一个动作，这个动作一般会继续延续下去，或是到说话时结束，但是强调到说话时为止一直在做的动作。

例：I _____ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.A.was knocking

B.am knocking

C.knocking

D.have been knocking（答案：D）（1998年49题）第二节 被动语态 考试重点：感官动词和使役动词的被动语态；动词短语的被动语态；情态动词的被动语态；用主动表示被动的含义。

一、感官动词及使役动词（如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid）在主动语态中用无to不定式做宾补，改为被动语态时要加to。

1、The middle-aged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.A.came

B.come

C.to come

D.have come

（答案为C）（2000年58题）

2、We were made to study harder.我们被要求努力学习。

二、有些动词后面接一个介词或副词，构成短语。变被动语态时，短语动词做及物动词用。

1、The children are well looked after.这些孩子得到了很好的照顾。

2、The doctor has been sent for.已经派人去请大夫了。

三、情态动词的被动语态

构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。

1、The work must be finished before lunch.这项工作必须在午饭前干完。

2、Nothing can be seen from here.从这儿什么也看不见。

四、用主动表示被动的含义

常用：need/require +doing sth（=to be done）（此句型主语大多为物）

例：My room is a mess.It needs _____.A to be tidying up

B.tidying up

C.to tidy up

D.tidied up

（答案为B）（2000年47题）

第三节 情态动词

考试重点：情态动词+完成时

情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。

一、must +现在完成时

表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。

1、Mr.Green _____ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.A.must have received

B.must have failed to receive

C.must receive

D.must fail to receive

（答案：B）（1998年44题）

2、I believe he _____ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.A.would have had

B.could have had

C.should have had

D.must have had

（答案为D）（2001年58题）

二、should（ought to）+完成时

表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。

1、They have done things they ought _____.A.not to do

B.not to be done

C.not to have done

D.not having done

（答案为C）（1999年59题）

2、I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him earlier.A.had a telephone

B.have phoned

C.should have phoned

D.should be phoned

（答案为C）（2000年26题）

三、could +完成时

表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。

1、He could have joined us, but he didn’t get our invitation in time.他本来能够参加我们的，但是他没有收到我们的请贴。

2、I could have passed, but I did not study hard enough.我本来能及格的，但是没有努力学习。

第四节 虚拟语气

如果所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时，称为虚拟条件句。

考试重点：虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句；would rather 引导的从句；以as if, as though 引导的从句；以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句；It is necessary（important）that引导的主语从句；It is time（that）…句型中。

一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法：

虚拟（条件）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：

1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him.A.had known

B.have known

C.knew

D.know

（答案：C。与现在的事实相反，从句用过去时）（1995年38题）

2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _____ the same language?

A.spoke

B.speak

C.had spoken

D.will speak

（答案：A。与现在的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。）

3、If Bob____ with us, he would have had a good time.A.would come

B.would have come

C.had come

D.came

（答案为C。与过去的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。）（1995年59题）

二、if的省略形式

在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含were , had, should等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。

1、_____ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.A.If I realized

B.Had I realized

C.Did I have realized that

D.As I realized（答案：B。虚拟条件句有时可以省略if，而将谓语中的过去式were，had，或should等移至主语之前。1996年39题）

2、_____, I should ask them some questions.A.Should they come to us

B.If they come to us

C.Were they come to us

D.Had they come to us

（答案：A。与将来事实相反。）（1997年30题）

三、含蓄条件句

有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for。

1、Without your help, we _____ so much.A.didn’t achieve

B.would not have achieved

C.will not achieve

D.don’t achieve（答案：B。这是一句含蓄条件句，条件暗含在介词短语without your help中，因此要用虚拟语气。）（1996年33题）

2、But for the rain, we _____ a nice holiday.A.should have

B.would have had

C.would have

D.will have had

（答案：B。2003年28题）

四、以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句

wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语＋wish ＋从句（主语＋过去时）；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语＋wish +从句（主语＋过去完成时）；

1、Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college.A.could study

B.studied

C.had studied

D.would study

（答案：C）（2000年53题）

2、I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____ there.A.were

B.would be

C.had been

D.will be

（答案：C）（2001年53题）

五、would rather＋句子（过去时）

1、I’d _____ you didn’t touch that, if you don’t mind.A.rather

B.better

C.happier

D.further

（答为案：A）（1998年45题）

2、I am too busy these days.I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.A.come

B.would come

C.came

D.have come

（答案为C）（2002年46题）

六、以as if，as though引导的从句

在as if，as though引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish 后面的从中动词形式变化相同。

1、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.A.knows

B.knew

C.had known

D.would have known（答案：B。as if（though）从句中非真实性情况用虚拟语气。本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑，所以用过去时。）

2、You are talking as if you had seen them

你谈的那么起劲，好像你真的见过似的。（表示想象中的过去的动作）

七、以suggest，advise，insist等词后引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。

类似的动词有：propose，insist，suggest，order，demand，require，request等。

1、The doctor advised that Mr.Malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life.A.had

B.would have

C.have

D.was going to have

（答案：C）（1998年28题）

2、His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.A.put on

B.puts on

C.to put

D.putting on

（答案：A）（1999年58题）

八、It is necessary/important/urgent that引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词，should可以省略。

1、It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week.A.comes

B.will come

C.come

D.may come

（答案：C）（1997年29题）

2、It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.A.will be arranged

B.must be arranged

C.be arranged

D.would be arranged（答案：C）（2003年45题）

九、It is time(that)…引导的定语从句中，谓语动词用过去时。

1、It’s high time we _____ something to stop traffic accident.A.do

B.will do

C.did

D.must do

（答案：C）（1996年43题）

2、Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?

A.give up

B.gave up

C.would give up

D.should give up

（答案：B）（1999年31题）

第五节 非谓语动词

非谓语动词分三种，即：不定式，动名词和分词。下面分三部分进行介绍。

一、动词不定式

考试重点：动词不定式的基本结构和用法（尤其是复合结构，否定式，被动式，完成式等。）；stop和go on接不定式和动名词的区别；remember，forget接不定式和动名词的区别；have sth done 和have sb do sth。

基本形式

主动形式

被动形式

一般式（not）to make（not）to be made

完成式（not）to have made（not）to have been made 进行式（not）to be making 在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。

（一）动词不定式的基本结构和用法

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。

1、Good-bye , Mr.Wang.I’m pleased _____ you.A.to meet

B.meeting

C.to have been meeting

D.to be met

（答案：A）（1998年57题）

2、Encouragement through praise is the most effective method of getting people _____ their best.A.do

B.to do

C.doing

D.done

（答案为B）（1996年44题）

（二）动词不定式的被动式

当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的对象时（或动作的承受者时），不定式一般要用被动式。

1、The ability _____ is very important for any speaker.A.to hear clearly

B.to be clearly heard

C.to hearing clearly

D.to being clearly heard

（答案：B。动词不定式的被动式。）（1999年39题）

2、Mr.and Mrs.Smith didn’t expect the house _____ so well.A.to be decorated

B.to decorate

C.be decorated

D.decorating

（答案：A）（1995年22题）

（三）动词不定式的复合结构

如需指出不定式动作的发出者时（即逻辑主语时）要在不定式前用for加名词（或代词）表示。

1、It was very difficult _____ me to learn Spanish.A.of

B.to

C.with

D.for

（答案：D）

2、It is necessary _____ the papers immediately.A.for you to hand in

B.that you hand out

C.your hand in

D.for your hand in

（答案：A）

（四）动词不定式的完成式

表示不定式的动作发生在句子谓语所表示的动作之前。

1、Judging from his manners at the party, he doesn’t seem _____ much education.A.to receive

B.to be receiving

C.to have received

D.to have been received

（答案：C。表示发生在主要动词之前的动作，要用动词不定式的完成式。）（1997年45题）

2、The book is said _____ into several foreign languages up to now.A.to translate

B.to have translate

C.to have been translated

D.to be translated

（答案：C）

（五）stop 和go on后面接不定式和动名词的区别

动名词表示停下或继续正在做的事情；不定式表示停下以便做某事或改做另外一件事情。

1、The old man walked slowly, stopping frequently _____.A.on rest

B.at rest

C.resting

D.to rest

（答案：D。“to rest”作目的状语，意思为“停下来的目的是为了休息”。）（1999年29题）

2、Men will never stop _____ for new ways of getting new energy.A.search

B.to search

C.searching

D.searched

（答案：C）

3、You have been talking for two hours.How long do you intend to go on _____ like that?

A.talking

B.to talk

C.doing talking

D.talk

（答案：A）

（六）remember 和forget接不定式和动名词的区别

remember, forget + doing sth：表示动作发生在过去。

remember, forget +to do sth：表示动作尚未发生。

1、Don’t forget _____ the window before leaving the room.A.to have closed

B.to close

C.having closed

D.closing

（答案：B。to close表示一个在leaving 之后发生的将来的动作）（2001年28题）

2、I remember giving the letter to him.我记得把信给他了。（giving表示一个在remember之前发生过的动作。）

（七）have sth done 和 have sb do sth的用法

1、We are going to have our office _____ to make room for a new engineer.A.to rearrange

B.rearrange

C.rearranged

D.rearranging

（答案：C。have sth done:表示这个动作由别人来做。）（2002年50题）

2、I’ll _____ that I’m a qualified engineer.A.have you know

B.have known you

C.have you knowing

D.have you know

（答案：A。表示让某人做某事。）（2003年25题）

考试重点：动名词的逻辑主语，完成式，被动式，否定式；动名词做介词的宾语，有时介词可省略；“to”的作用。

基本形式： 主动形式 被动形式

一般时

doing being done

完成时 having done having been done

在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。

一、动名词的基本用法：

1、We shall appreciate _____ from you soon.A.being heard

B.hearing

C.to hear

D.having been heard

（答案：B。appreciate后接动名词做宾语。）（1998年42题）

2、John suggested _____ anything about it until they found out more facts.A.not to say

B.saying not

C.to say not

D.not saying

（答案：D。suggest后接动名词做宾语，否定式要在动名词前加“not”）（1995年53题）

二、动名词的完成时：表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时，用动名词的完成时。

1、I don’t remember _____.A.ever to be saying

B.to have ever said

C.having ever said that

D.ever said that

（答案：C）

2、I regret having done such a thing.我后悔做了这样的事。

三、动名词的被动式

1、No one avoid _____ by advertisements.A.influenced

B.influencing

C.to influence

D.being influenced

（答案：D）

2、Susan was very unhappy for not _____ to the party.A.to be invited

B.having been invited

C.inviting

D.to have been invited

（答案：B）

四、动名词的逻辑主语

当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时可使用形容词性的物主代词或代词的宾格。

1、He forgot about _____ him to attend my wife’s birthday party.A.I asking

B.my asking

C.me to ask

D.mine to ask

（答案：B。做介词 about 的宾语，物主代词+动名词，构成动名词的复合结构。）

（1998年29题）

2、I object to his（him）making private calls on the office phone.我反对他用办公室的电话打私人电话。

五、动名词做介词的宾语，有时介词可省略。

1、Don’t risk _____ the job which so many people want.A.losing

B.to lose

C.lost

D.your life to lose

（答案：A。risk后接动名词做宾语，risk（in）doing sth.中的介词in常省略。）

（1999年57题）

2、I don’t think it is any use _____ this matter any further.A.discussing

B.to discuss

C.to discussing

D.to be discussed

（答案：A。it is no use（good）doing…做…没有用（好处），动名词做介词in的宾语，常省略。）

六、有的动词后的to 既可以是不定式符号，又可以是介词，使用时要特别注意。

1、You don’t object _____ you by your first name, do you?

A.for me to call

B.me to call

C.to my calling

D.my calling

（答案：C。object to 中的to是介词，故接动名词做宾语。）（1996年21题）

2、The students are looking forward to _____ their parents in winter vacation.A.see

B.watch

C.seeing

D.being seen

（答案：C）

考试重点：分词在句中的作用；现在分词的被动式和过去分词的区别；现在分词和过去分词的区别；分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语是否一致；分词的独立主格；with（without）引导的分词的独立结构。

-ING分词是指由动词原形＋-ING构成的、具有完成时态和被动语态的一种非谓语动词形式，具体形式如下： 主动形式 被动形式

现在式 doing being done 过去时 done

完成时 having done having been done

就其语法功能而言，它可以作表语、补足语、状语和定语。

一、分词在句中的作用

1、She was sitting in an armchair _____ a book.A.reading

B.to read

C.to be reading

D.to have read

（答案：A。分词短语在句中做伴随状语。）（1995年37题）

2、_____ anything about the accident, he went to work as well.A.Not know

B.Know not

C.Knowing not

D.Not knowing

（答案：D。分词做原因状语）（2000年28题）

3、They all returned to the village _____ that the danger was over.A.convincing

B.convinced

C.to convince

D.having convinced

（答案：B。过去分词做伴随状语）（1997年57题）

4、We kept our _____ all night to frighten the wolves.A.burning fire

B.burnt fire

C fire burning

D.fire burnt

（答案：C。现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行）（1997年55题）

二、现在分词和过去分词的区别

1、She told me that it was the most _____ gift her daughter had received.A.delighting

B.delighted

C.delights

D.delight

（答案：A。现在分词修饰的是事物，常译作“令人……”，具有主动、进行的意思。过去分词修饰人，常译作“感到……”，具有被动、完成的概念。又如：a moved audience：受感动的观众。）（2003年38题）

2、My parents are _____ with my progress.A.please

B.pleased

C.pleasing

D.being pleased

（答案：B。）

三、现在分词的被动式和过去分词的区别。

1、The interviewer should take down notes at the moment the person _____ answers the questions.A.to be interviewed

B.interviewing

C.being interviewed

D.interviewed

（答案：C。现在分词的被动式。表示动作正在发生）（1997年33题）

2、Standing on the bank, the children watched the ship _____ with all kinds of goods.A.loading

B.being loaded

C.to be loaded

D.having loaded

（答案：B。现在分词的被动式。）（2000年23题）

3、We found the eggs eaten by the snake.我们发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。

（过去分词表示动作的完成和结果。）

四、分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语是否一致。

1、Arriving at the bus stop, _____ waiting there.A.he found a lot of people

B.a lot of people were

C.he found a lot of people’s

D.people were found

（答案：A。分词短语做伴随状语时，和主句共用一个主语。）（1996年37题）

2、_____ tired after a hard work, she fell into bed and went straight to sleep.A.Felt

B.Feeling

C.Being felt

D.To feel

（答案：B）（1998年50题）

五、分词的独立主格：分词短语带有自己的逻辑主语，（一般由名词担任）称为分词的独立主格。

1、The plane crashed, its bombs _____ as it hit the ground.A.exploded

B.were exploded

C.exploding

D.were exploding

（答案：C）（1999年43题）

2、Weather permitting, we’ll go to the Summer Palace.如果天气允许的话，我们去颐和园。

六、with（without）引导的分词的独立结构。

1、He walked across the meeting room _____ everyone looking at her.A.with

B.as

C.while

D.when

（答案：A。with或without可以引导分词的独立结构，做伴随状语。）（1997年49题）

2、With the old man _____ the way, we had no trouble in finding that mysterious cave.A.leading

B.led

C.lead

D.to be led

（答案：A）（2000年27题）第六节 各种从句

英语中从句包括：名词从句、定语从句、同位语从句和状语从句。

一、名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。

（一）主语从句

考试重点：主语从句常用的连词的用法；it is desirable that引导的主语从句的用法。

在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫主语从句。主语从句可以由下列连词、连接代词和连接副词引导，且不能省略。

连词：that，whether

连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever等。

连接副词：when，where，how，why

1、由连词that，whether引导的主语从句。

连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它在从句中不担任成分，不能省略，且由它们引导的主语从句，多用it做形式主语。

（1）_____ was unimportant.A.Whether he enjoyed our dinner or not

B.No matter how he enjoyed our dinner

C.If he enjoyed our dinner

D.What he enjoyed our dinner

（答案：A）（2000年40题）

（2）That the earth is round is true.（It is true that the earth is round.）

地球是圆的，是个事实。

2、由连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句

它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语和状语，不能省略。注意翻译时不能把它们译为疑问句。由它们引导的主语从句，也可以用形式主语it引导。

（1）Who let out the news remained unknown.（It remained unknown who let out the news.）

谁泄露了那个消息仍旧无人知道。

（2）When we’ll start is not clear.（It is not clear when we’ll start.）

我们何时出发还不清楚。

3、以关系代词what, whatever, whoever…引导的主语从句。

What有时可以用来表示the thing which这种意思，引导从句，表示一样东西或一件事情。Who，whom，which，what，可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起强调作用。此类句子不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成份，不能省略，语序为陈述句的语序。

（1）_____ I saw was two men crossing the street.A.What

B.Whom

C.Who

D.That

（答案：A）（2001年38题）

（2）_____ was not the way the event happened.A.Which the press reported

B.That the press reported

C.what did the press report

D.What the press reported

（答案：D。主语从句，what在从句中做宾语。）（1998年24题）

4、句型It is desirable（suggested, necessary, requested, ordered, proposed, urgent）+that+主语+should（可省略）+V（动词原形）。

（1）It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.A.will be arranged

B.must be arranged

C.be arranged

D.would be arranged

（答案：C）（2003年45题）

（2）It is highly desirable that a new president _____ for this university.A.is appointed

B.will be appointed

C.be appointed

D.has been appointed

（答案：C）（1997年52题）

（二）表语从句

考试重点：表语从句的基本用法；含有suggestion，proposal等词的表语从句的用法。

1、在从句中做表语的从句叫表语从句。它位于主句中的系动词之后，常用的关联词和主语从句相同。

（1）This is what he wants.这就是他想要的东西。

（2）The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning.问题是我们明天上午能否完成任务。

2、用suggestion等词表示愿望、建议、命令等情绪时，用虚拟语气，从句中用should（可省略）+动词原形。

（1）The general’s command was that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important tasks.A.would leave

B.leave

C.left

D.have left

（答案：B）（2002年48题）

（2）His proposal is that they（should）challenge the other groups to a friendly competition.他提议他们和别的组挑战进行一场友谊竞赛。

（三）宾语从句

考试重点：宾语从句用陈述句的语序；介词后面的宾语从句；suggest，insist，order，demand等动词后接宾语从句时，用虚拟语气；if和whether的区别。

1、宾语从句用陈述句的语序

（1）Can you tell me _____ about the city that makes people love it so much?

A.it is what

B.what it is

C.what is it

D.is it what

（答案：B。宾语从句用陈述句的语序。）（1999年47题）

（2）No one doubts _____ it is true.A.whether

B.if

C.that

d.what

（答案：C。I doubt whether/if…我怀疑。I don’t doubt that …我毫不怀疑。又如：I doubt whether he can speak English.我怀疑他是否会说英语。）（1997年38题）

2、介词后面的宾语从句

（1）The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware _____ she had gone.A.where that

B.of where

C.of the place

D.the place

（答案: B。where 引导的从句做介词的宾语。）（1998年48题）

（2）He was a man of fine character in all points _____ he was rather timid.A.in that

B.except that

C.for that

D.except for

（答案：B）（1997年53题）

3、suggest，insist，order，demand等动词后作宾语时，表示欲望、建议、命令等时，用虚拟语气。

①His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.A.put on

B.puts on

C.to put

D.putting on

（答案：A）（1999年58题）

②The doctor advised that Mr.Malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life.A.had

B.would have

C.have

D.was going to have

（答案：C）（1998年28题）

4、在下列情况下不能用if , 而用whether。

后跟不定式：He didn’t tell me whether to go or stay.他没有告诉我是走还是留下。

前面有介词：He raised the question of whether we could find the necessary money.他提出我们能否筹集到必要的资金这个问题。

引导主语从句：Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.他们胜利也好，失败也好，对我来说都是一样的。

后面直接跟or not：I wonder whether I’ll catch the last bus or not.我不知道我能否赶上末班车。

二、定语从句

考试重点：限定性定语从句中关系代词的用法；关系副词 when，where，why，引导的定语从句；带介词的定语从句；非限定性定语从句；“名词（代词）+介词+关系代词”引出，一般是非限定性定语从句。

在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句分为两种：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。注意关系代词和关系副词在从句中的应用。

（一）关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that引导的定语从句

1、The company official _____ I thought would be fired received a raise.A.whom

B.whoever

C.who

D.of whom

（答案：A。关系代词whom在定语从句中做宾语，修饰先行词official）（1998年40题）

2、The investigation , _____ will soon be published, was made by John.A.at which the results

B.the results on which

C.whose results

D.at whose results

（答案：C。关系代词whose 在定语从句中做定语。）（1998年58题）

（二）关系副词 when ,where, why, 引导的定语从句

1、The time will come _____ man can fly to outer space freely.A.that

B.when

C.in that

D.which

（答案：B。when在定语从句中做状语。）（1996年35题）

2、I will never forget the ten years _____ we both spent in the little village.A.when

B.during which

C.which

D.in which

（答案：A）（2001年54题）

（三）关系代词前带介词的定语从句

1、Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai, _____ she belonged.A.which

B.to where

C.to which

D.at which

（答案：C。关系代词which和whom 还可以做“动词词组”后面的前置宾语。这里的动词词组是belong to。）（1998年56题）

2、The United States is composed of fifty states, two of _____ are separated from the others by land or water.A.them

B.that

C.which

D.those

（答案：C）（2003年23题）

（四）非限定定语从句对被修饰的名词起附加说明，或进一步描述或补充。

这种从句有一定的独立性，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整，只是内容相对地不够具体。与主句之间常用逗号分开，所用的关系代词与限定性定语从句基本相同，但不能用关系代词that 引导。

（1）An Old friend from abroad, _____I was expecting to stay with, telephoned me from the airport.A.that

B.whom

C.who

D.which

（答案：B）（2000年31题）

（2）His brother had become a teacher, _____he wanted to be.A.who

B.what

C.which

D.that

（答案：C。which引导的非限定性定语从句，在从句中做宾语，修饰先行词a teacher）（1997年39题）

（3）He has made another wonderful discovery, _____of great importance to science.A.which I think it is

B.of which I think it is

C.I think which is

D.which I think is

（答案：D。which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。）（1995年50题）

（五）“名词（代词）+介词+关系代词”引出，一般是非限定性定语从句。

We’ve tested three hundred types of boot, _____is completely water proof.A.no of which

B.none of which

C.some of which

D.neither of which

（答案：B。“名词（代词）+of+which（whom）”引起的定语从句常表示部分与整体的关系。）（1995年36题）

三、同位语从句

考试重点：同位语从句的基本用法；含有suggestion，proposal等词的同位语从句。

一、同位语从句的基本用法

常跟在fact，idea，news等名词的后面，通常用连词that引导。

1、Would the news _____ he failed to pass the exam bother you?

A.which

B.that

C.of which

D.on which

（答案：B。同位语从句。）（2003年58题）

2、I had no idea that you were here.我没有想到你会在这里。

二、如果同位语从句所修饰的先行词是suggestion，proposal等名词的时候，谓语动词用should+原形动词。should可以省略。

1、My suggestion that we do the experiment again is accepted by them.我的再做一次实验的建议被他们所接纳。

2、His proposal that they（should）challenge the other groups to a friendly competition is praised by the teacher.他提议他们和别的组挑战，来一场友谊竞赛。这个提议受到了老师的表扬。

四、状语从句 考试重点：状语从句的种类及一些连词的基本用法；让步状语从句；unless，supposed（that），whomever，whenever，wherever等连词的含义和用法。

在主从句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果。

一、时间状语从句

常用的连词有：when，whenever（无论什么时候），since，as，until，hardly…when，no sooner…than，as soon as，before，after，the moment，the minute（一…就…）

1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up _____ it started raining hard.A.when

B.than

C.then

D.after

（答案：B。no sooner…than 引导的时间状语从句。）（2002年57题）

2、She has wanted to become a nurse _____ since she was a young girl.A.long

B.often

C.always

D.ever

（答案：D。时间状语从句，ever since表示从…以后一直。）（1997年56题）

二、条件状语从句

常用if，unless（除非，如果不），as/so long as只要。

1、_____ I’m mistaken, I’ve seen that man before.A.Unless

B.If

C.Because

D.Provided

（答案：A。unless引导条件状语从句）（2001年40题）

2、_____ you return those books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine.A.Until

B.Unless

C.If

D.Provided

（答案：B）（1998年60题）

三、原因状语从句

常用：because, as, since。如果表示必然的因果关系，一般用because引入；而since表示一种间接或附带的原因；用as 只是提一下。

1、He cannot go to school because he is ill.他因为生病不能上学。

2、Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest.人人都喜欢你，因为你既和气，又诚实。

四、让步状语从句常用though/although，as（尽管），even if/though，however，whatever，wherever，whoever，no matter how/what/who等。

1、In short, _____ he lives, a man belongs to some society.A.whatever

B.whenever

C.whichever

D.wherever

（答案：D。wherever引导让步状语从句，wherever = no matter where）（1997年44题）

2、_____, you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.A.No matter whoever you are

B.Whomever you are

C.Whoever you are

D.No matter who are you

（答案：C。whoever,引导让步状语从句，= no matter who）（1997年59题）

3、_____ you disagree with her, her idea is still worth considering.A.Even if

B.If only

C.Instead of

D.Despite of

（答案：A。让步状语从句。）（1998年44题）

4、Young _____ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do.A.that

B.as

C.although

D.however

（答案：B。as引导让步状语从句，被强调的部分放在句子之前，进行倒装。）

（2000年44题）

五、方式状语从句

常用as, just as, as if/though 等词。

1、_____ was pointed above, this substance can be used as a substitute.A.It

B.That

C.What

D.As

（答案：D。As引导方式状语从句。）（1999年32题）

2、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.A.knows

B.knew

C.had known

D.would have known

（答案：B。as if（though）引导的方式状语从句，谓语动词用虚拟语气。）

六、目的状语从句

常用so that , in order that, lest（以免，以防）, in case。

1、I wrote it down _____ I should forget it.A.in case

B.in case of

C.in order that

D.for fear of

（答案：A）（2002年27题）

2、I’ll give you my phone number, so that you can call me when you arrive here.我把我的电话号码告诉你，以便你到达这里后可以给我打电话。

七、结果状语从句

常用so…that, such…that

They are _____ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations.A.so diligent

B.such diligent

C.so much diligent

D.such very diligent

（答案：B）（2002年43题）第七节 主谓一致 考试重点：形式上复数、意义单数的名词做主语；动名词、不定式，从句做主语；a number+of+复数名词和the number+of+可数或不可数名词做主语；主语由as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致；当用and连接的名词前有each，every等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

一、名词physics（物理），maths（数学），news（新闻），means（方法），works（工厂）等一般被认为是形式是复数，意思是单数的名词，它们做主语的时候动词一般用单数形式。（答案：C。应改为is。）（2000年63题）

2、Every means has been tried.每一种方式都试过了。

二、动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

When and where the new hospital will be built _____ a mystery.A.to remain

B.remains

C.remain

D.is remaining

（答案：B）（2000年57题）

三、当主语是a number+of+复数名词时，谓语动词用复数；当主语是the number+of+可数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数（答案：A。应改为the。1998年66题）

2、A number of cars _____ in front of my house.A.was parked

B.were parking

C.is parking

D.are parked

（答案：D）

四、当主语由as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致。当句中的主语后接as well as，along with，together with，including，accompanied by等短语+名词（代词）时，主语与谓语的一致关系不受影响，主语是单数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式时，谓语动词用复数。

1、John, along with twenty friends, is planning a party.约翰和二十个朋友正在计划举行一个集会。

2、No one but Jane and Tom was there then.那时除了珍尼和汤姆之外，没有别人在那儿。

五、当用and连接的名词前有each，every等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。当主语是each…and…，every…and every…，many a…and…结构时，谓语动词用单数。

1、Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.许多歌唱家和舞蹈家将参加我们的晚会。

2、In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家每个人都有接受教育的权利。第八节 倒装句

考试重点：

1、否定词放置句首时，助动词或be动词要放置主语的前面进行倒装。常用的否定词有：not，scarcely，barely，seldom，not until，little，（in）under no circumstance，by no means，no sooner…than等。

2、only+adv.句子要倒装。

3、nor，neither，so用于句首时，句子要倒装。

4、虚拟条件句中省略if时要倒装。

一、否定词放置句首时，助动词或be动词要放置主语的前面进行倒装。常用的否定词有：not，scarcely，barely，seldom，not until，little，（in）under no circumstance，by no means，no sooner…than等。

1、Not until I reminded him for the third time _____ working and looked up。

A.that he stopped

B.does he stopped

C.did he stop

D.that he stopped

（答案：C）（2000年53题）

2、_____ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving.A.Little they realize

B.They little do realize

C.Little realize do they

D.Little do they realize

（答案：D）（1996年31题）

二、only+ adv.句子要倒装。

1、Only under such a condition will he make steady progress.只有在这样的条件下，他才会取得扎实的进步。

2、Only this morning did I hear the sad news.我今天早晨才听到这不幸的消息。

三、nor, neither, so 用于句首时, 句子要倒装。

1、So little _____about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me.A.did I know

B.I had known

C.I knew

D.was I know

（答案：A）（1998年30题）

2、I didn’t finish reading that French book, neither _____.A.did he

B.didn’t he

C.he did

D.he could

（答案：A）

四、虚拟条件句中省略if时要倒装。

1、_____ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.A.If I realized

B.Had I realized

C.Did I have realized that

D.As I realized

（答案：B）（1996年39题）

2、_____, I should ask them some questions.A.Should they come to us

B.If they come to us

C.Were they come to us

D.Had they come to us

（答案：A）（1997年30题）第九节 强调结构

考试重点：强调句型的基本形式It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）…；强调句型用来强调状语。

一、强调句型的基本形式It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）…。

（答案：B。应改为“that”）（1998年68题）（答案：B。应改为who）

二、强调句型用来强调状语。

1、It was in that small room_____ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.A.where

B.in which

C.which

d.that

（答案：D。强调地点状语）（1997年58题）

2、It is because she is very devoted to her students _______she is respected by them.A.that

B.which

C.what

D.who

（答案：A。强调原因状语）（2001年33题）

3、It was not until she arrived in class _________realized she had forgotten her book.A.and she

B.when

C.she

D.that she

（答案：D）第十节 附加疑问句

考试重点：附加疑问句的基本用法；含有否定词的疑问句；祈使句的附加疑问句；一些特殊用法。

一、附加疑问句的基本用法

附加疑问句由两部分构成：陈述句+附加问句。一般的规则是：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。

1、He had to finish the work yesterday, _____?

A.hadn’t he

B.had he

C.didn’t he

D.did he

（答案：C。have作“有”以外解释时，附加疑问句要用助动词do/does/did。）

2、There won’t be any concert this Saturday evening _____?

A.will there not

B.will there

C.is there

D.will it be

（答案：B。当陈述句为there be句型时，附加疑问句用其否定或肯定的疑问句式。）

二、含有否定词的用法

若陈述句部分已有表示否定的 hardly，scarcely，never，seldom 等词时，反问句部分要用肯定。

1、She scarcely cares for anything _____?

A.doesn’t

B.does she

C.is she

D.isn't she

（答案：B）（1995年45题）

2、You never told me you have seen the film, _____?

A.had you

B.didn’t you

C.did you

D.weren’t you

（答案：C）（2002年53题）

三、祈使句：

1、Please let us have more time , _____?

A.shall we

B.will you

C.won’t you

D.don't you

（答案：B。Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句，反问部分主语用we时，谓语用shall。如：Let’s go，shall we?）（1997年23题）

2、Don't forget to write to me, _____?

A.do you

B.won’t you

C.are

D.will you

（答案：D）（1994年37题）

四、一些特殊用法：

1、I suppose you’re not serious, _____?

A.don’t I

B.do I

C.are you

D.aren’t you

（答案：C。主句的谓语是suppose和think，主语是第一人称，反问句部分要和从句的谓语一致。）（1996年57题）再如 ：“I don’t suppose you’re going today, aren’t you?”

2、I don’t think you’ve heard of him before, _____?

A.don’t I

B.do I

C.have you

D.haven’t you

（答案：C）（1992年33题）词语用法及语法结构

词汇和语法结构部分共设30个单句，每句1分，共30分。题目中50%为词和短语的用法，50%为语法结构。

词汇和语法结构部分的考试目的是测试考生运用词汇，短语及语法结构的能力。考试范围包括全日制文理科本科教学大纲中词汇表及语法结构表一至三级的主要内容。下面我对这两部分分别进行讲解。

词汇部分的考试重点：名词，代词，介词，连词，形容词和副词，动词。名词的考试重点是：名词的含义、名词和动词的搭配、名词的所有格。

一、名词的含义：

1、The _____ of the play is so great that many people want to see it.A.attention

B.attraction

C.attempt

D.attack（答案为B。四个名词的意思分别attraction :吸引。attention:注意力。attempt：努力。attack：进攻，袭击。是本句的意思是：“这个剧目有如此大的吸引力，以至于许多人都想看。”因此只有B最符合题意。）（2001年21题）

2、He has been teaching for 2years, but being a teacher is not his _____.A.chance

B.character

C.attitude

D.choice

（答案为D。四个 名词的意思分别是：choice ：选择。chance：机会。character：性特点。attitude ：态度。本句的意思是“他已经教书两年了，但是当老师并不是他的选择。”只有D最符合题意。）（2001年25题）

二、名词和动词的搭配：

1、Your sister has made an _____ for you to see the dentist at 3 this afternoon..A.appointment

B.interview

C.opportunity

D.assignment

（答案为A。make（fix）an appointment ： 预约，约会。固定搭配。）（2002年24题）

2、The committee is expected to _____ a decision this evening.A.reach

B.arrive

C.bring

D.take

（答案为A。习惯用这样的搭配：come to a decision, arrive at a decision, reach a decision 做出决定。）（2002年25题）

三、名词的所有格：

1、Sorry, I don’t know he is a friend of _____.A.your brother

B.your brothers

C.your brother’s friend

D.your brother’s(n,（答案为D。a（an）+名词+of+名词性所有格 a friend my mine, a friend of ours, a friend of my mother’s。）（2001年56题）

2、Don’t you know he is an old friend of _____?

A.my brother

B.my brothers

C.my brother’s

D.my brother’s friend

（答案为C。）（1999年60题）

第三章 答题技巧 第二节 词语用法及语法结构

一、名词性与形容词性物主代词的区别

二、代词的替代

三、不定代词的用法

代词的用法主要以挑错题形式进行测试，因此这里就不进行举例了。后面挑错题的答题技巧中会有详细说明和例句。第三章 答题技巧第二节 词语用法及语法结构

考试重点：

常用的形容词和副词的含义；形容词、副词和名词遇在一起时的位置；such…that和so…that 的用法。

一、常用的形容词的含义

1、This is a very _____ situation and we don’t know how to face it yet.，A comprehensive

B.compound

C.complicated

D.competent

（答案为 C。四个形容词的意思分别为complicated:复杂的。comprehensive ：综合的，理解的。compound：混合的，复合的。competent ：能力强的。本句的意思是“这是一个非常复杂的形势，我们还不知道如何面对。”因此只有C最符合题意。）(2001年26题)

2、One car went too fast and _____ missed hitting another car.A.completely

B.greatly

C.narrowly

D.little

（答案为C。四个副词的意思分别是：completely:完全地。greatly:非常，很：narrowly :以毫厘之差 little:小的，少的。因此只有C最符合题意。）（1998年35题）

二、形容词、副词和名词遇在一起时的位置

例：My next door neighbor Johnson seems to have _____ opinion on the show last night.A.rather the strong

B.rather strong

C.a rather strong

D.the rather strong

（答案为C。）（2000年60题）

三、such…that和 so …that 的用法

1、They are _____ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations.8zm-v 5trt

A.so diligent

B.such diligent

C.so much diligent

D.such very diligent

（答案为B。such 修饰名词）（2002年43题）

2、He was _____ an honest man that everybody trusted him.A.so

B.as

C.such

D.very

（答案为C。）

3、He was _____ fat that he couldn’t get through the door.A.so

B.how

C.such

D.much

（答案为A。）（how 修饰形容词fat。）考试重点：引导各种从句的常用连词的基本含义和用法、关系代词和关系副词以及介词+关系代词的用法、注意根据句子之间的逻辑关系以及从句的类型选择连词。LdEE+"Jw

一、引导各种从句的常用连词的基本含义和用法 W4vBf^eC

1、Written applications should be sent to us in case _____ some problems with the electric version.A.there will be

B.there is

C.there be

D.there was

（答案为C。in case 引导的从句要用虚拟语气，should可以省略。）（2002年59题）

2、Young _____ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do.A.that

B.as

C.although

D.however

（答案为B。as 引导让步状语从句，句子到装，表语提前。）(2000年44题)

二、关系代词和关系副词以及介词+关系代词的用法：

1、I will never forget the ten years _____ we both spent in the little village.A.when

B.during which

C.which

D.in which

（答案为C。which关系代词，在定语从句中做动词spend的宾语。）（2002年42题）

2、Before joining the army, he spent a lot of time in the village _____ he belonged.A.to which

B.which

C.to where

D.which

（答案为A。因为句中的短语应当是belong to ,关系代词which 做介词to的宾语）（2001年31题）。

三、注意根据句子之间的逻辑关系以及从句的类型选择连词：

1、It is because she is very devoted to her students _____ she is respected by them.A.that

B.which

C.what

D.who

（答案为A。因为是强调句型，因此用that）(2001年33题)

2、_____ was unimportant.A.Whether he enjoyed our dinner or not

B.No matter how he enjoyed our dinner

C.If he enjoyed our dinner

D.what he enjoyed our dinner

（答案为A。主语从句。）（2000年40题）

第四篇：成人学位英语完形填空

We have quite a bit of information about ancient Egyptian medicine.Doctors' instruc-

tions have been found to tell us.56 they did for the sick and the injured.57 many of

the treatments included magic, ancient Egyptians used plant leaves and other methods to treat

many.58.Religion, magic and medicine were.59 related in ancient Egypt.Some priests(牧师)were specially.60 as doctors to.61 the sick and the injured.Doctors were held to a high moral standard.Patients was treated with 62 and their 63 information was highly secret.The highest--ranking doctors were priests of the goddess Sekhmet, 64 controlled illnesses.Doctors spent a part o{ each year 65 the goddess.Doctors were thought to be 66 to the gods and able to ask them for healing.Temples were centers for healing.67 a person was ill, he or she would come to the temple or 68 a doctor for a diagnosis(诊断).A(n)69 prob-lem was treated with medicine, prayer and magic.If a clear cause was not 70 , the diagnosis would be that the illness was caused by an evil spirit or curse.The doctor would use magic spells to 71 a cure.72, a diagnosis could not be reached.73 this case, a patient would be told to rest for a period of time 74 another ex-amination could be 75

56.A.what B.whyC.thatD.which

57.A.When B.Since C.Although D.After

58.A.damagesB.diseases C.disastersD.destructions

59.A.hardly B.closely C.mainly D.shortly

60.A.trained B.designedC.plannedD.studied

61.A.look to B.come toC.care forD.search for

62.A.reputation B.inspection C.fameD.respect

63.A.ill B.ownC.hidden D.personal

64,.A.that B.which C.who D.what

65.A.serving B.reading C.learning D.following

66.A.careful B.generous C.mean D.close

67.A.Before B.When C.Until D.Since

68.A.think over B.apply toC.call for D.make up

69.A.serious B.internalC.odd D.obvious

70.A.treated B.discovered C.cured D.aroused

71.A.bring aboutB.set out C.insist onD.make up

72.A.Subsequently B.Consequently C.OccasionallyD.Hopefully

73.A.With B.In C.For D.On

74.A.until B.when C.although D.because

75.A.decided B.performed C.carried D.discussed

56.A本题考查宾语从句的引导词，因此选择what。

57.c本题考查连接词，根据句意“尽管许多治疗方法都包含巫术在里面，但是古埃及人也用植物的叶子和其他方法治疗疾病”，选择转折关系Although。

58.B治疗许多“疾病”diseases。

59.B表示紧密联系closely related。

60.A本题考查动词词义，train训练，培养。

61.D本题考查动词短语，care for sb.照顾，照料„„。

62.D根据句意，病人的隐私是高度保密的，说明病人是受到尊敬的，选择respect“尊敬，尊重”。

63.D个人信息、隐私personal information。

64.C 本题考查定语从句引导词，前面是the goddess Sekhmet，指人，用who。

65.A serve the god/goddess侍奉神明。

66.D根据句意，医生们被信为和神明很近，选择close，近的。

67.B当一个人生病的时候„„，选择when。

68.C本题考查动词短语意思。call for a doctor邀请一个医生。

69.D根据下文，下文提到难治的病，这里就应该是“明显的”问题是怎么治疗的，选择obvious明显的。

70.B本题考查动词词义。discover发现，如果病因没有被“发现”。

71.A本题考查动词词组。bring about带来，引起。

72.C根据句意，偶尔会查不出病因，occasionally偶尔，间或，符合题意。

73.B本题考查固定搭配。in this case在这种情况下。

74.A根据句意，病人被要求休息一段时间直到进行另外的检查，因此选择until。

75.B本题考查动词词义，perform实施，执行。

Of all the websites, one that has attracted attention recently is myspace, com.Most of this attention has come from the media and tells every reason 56 the web-site should be 57The threat of Internet predators(窃掠者)is indeed a tough re-ality, 58 shutting down the site is not the answer.If myspace, corn 59 shut down, another site would quickly 60 its place.Therefore, the right way is to teach teens how to use the site safely and educate them 61 who may be predators and how to 62 them.The key to 63 safe on the Internet is to make sure that your profile(个人资料)is secure.The 64 way is to change the privacy setting on your profile to “pri-vate”, which protects your information 65 only the people on your friend list can view it.Although this is 66 , it is not perfect.Predators can find ways to view your profile if they really want to, 67 through backing in(黑客入侵)or figuring out their way onto your friend list.Thus, you should never post too much personal 68.Some people actually post their home and school addresses, date to birth, and so on, often 69 predators know exactly where they will by and 70

The most information that is safe is your first name and province.Anything more is basically.71 a predator into your life.Another big problem is photos.[ suggest 72 skipping photos and never pos-ting a photo of a friend online without his or her 73 Most important, never, 74 any circumstances, agree to a real--life meeting with anyone you meet online, 75 how well you think you know this person.There are no guarantees that they have told the truth.58.A.what B.howC.whyD, which

57.A.shut down B.open upC.get intoD, turn on

58.A.but B.evenC.despite D, since

59.A.is B.are C.was D.were

60.A.get B.make C.takeD.push

61.A.as B.about C.for D.in

62.A.avoid B.get C.benefit D.hide

63.A.stay B.staying C.stayed D.staying

64.A.difficultB.simplestC.simple D.most difficuIt

65.A.as to B.no matter C.so that D.Because

66.A.efficientB.interesting C.effectiveD.impressive

67.A.if B.whetherC.howeverD.whatever

68.A.information B.documents C.filesD.messages

69.A.let B.make C.allow D.letting

70.A.what B.whyC.when D.how

71.A.introducing B.inviting C.investing D.interrupting

72.A.partly B.mostly C.lastly D.completely

73.A.favor B.ruleC.information D.permission

74.A.above B.under C.below D.at

75.A.no matter B.even if C.unless D.also

46.D应改为will you?考查祈使句的反意疑问句。当你读完那本书的时候，不要忘了把它放回原处，好吧?

47.C应改为should be。考查虚拟语气在宾语从句中应用，demand引导的宾语从句需要用should+动词原形。工厂的工人要求他们的工资应该提高20%。

48.B应改为to be seen。固定用法It remainsto be seen尚待分晓。还不知道吉姆是否适合参加决赛。

49.D应改为none of。三个人否定用none。我邀请了Joe、Linda和Tom，但是他们全都不来。

50.C应改为one。固定用法one„another一个另一个。在过去的20年中，网络已经帮助我们的世界用一种或另一种更好的方式发生了改变。

51.C应改为being spoken。这种语言在被非常少的人们使用的情况下，如何、为何存活了一千多年的问题很难解释。

52.C应改为older。几乎半数的25岁以上的美国人参加了某种形式的继续教育。

53.B应改为on。Keep an eye on对某事密切注意。很多父母觉得，出于对犯罪和学校暴力的担忧，他们需要密切注意他们的孩子。

54.B应改为spent。句子中已有谓语动词in-creased，因此，spend应改为非谓语形式。而时间与主语time的关系是被动关系，因此采用过去分词形式。对于已婚母亲来说，2009年花在孩子身上的时间，增加到了平均12.9小时每星期。

55.A应改为increasing。越来越多的证据证明，越来越多的年轻人在政治活动积极参与。

There 56 a king who had twelve beautiful daughters.They 57 in twelve beds all in one room and when they went to bed, the 58 were shut and locked up.59 , every morning 60 shoes were found to be quite worn through as if they had been danced in all night.Nobody could 61 how it happened, or 62 the princesses had been.So the king made it 63 to all that if any person could discover the 64 and find out where it was that the princesses danced in the 65 , he would have the 66 he liked best to take as his wife, and would be king 67 his death.But whoever tried and did not succeed, after three days and nights, would be 68 to death.A prince from a nearby country soon came.He was well entertained, and in the evening was taken to the chamber(大房间)next 69 the one where the princesses lay in their twelve 70.There he was to sit and 71 where they went to dance;and, in order 72 nothing could happen without him hearing it, the door of his 73 was left open.But the prince soon went to sleep;and when he 74 in the morning he found that the princesses had all been dancing, 75 the soles of their shoes were full of holes

56.A.was B.were C.is D.are

57.A.did B.slept C.washedD.kicked

58.A.chairsB.desks C.doors D.roofs

59.A.SoB.Therefore C.Then D.However

60.A.their B.your C.ourD.her

61.A.make outB.take out C.find out D.speak out

62.A.when B.what C.why D.where

63.A.knowB.knowing C.knows D.known

64.A.story B.secret C.news D.idea

65.A.nightB.day C.afternoon D.morning

66.A.one B.itC.some D.that

67.A.beforeB.after C.of D.below

68.A.madeB.passedC.putD.handed

69.A.by B.to C.atD.on

70.A.boxesB.buckets C.sofas D.beds

71.A.notice B.keep(2.watch D.hit

72.A.that B.whichC.who D.whose

73.A.kitchen B.classroom C.chamber D.restaurant

74.A.ate B.awoke C.slept D.ran

75.A.for B.soC.butD.though

46.A应把HOW改成What。how与what都可以引导感叹句，how修饰形容词和副词，what才可以跟名词。

47.B应把in his honor改成in whose honor。这里是一个定语从句，限定前面的主语，而whose可以实现这一功能。

48.D应把that改为what。因为本句缺少宾语，所以用what引导的一个定语从句来袁示。

49.A应将tO make改成having made，这一句是说“他之前已经做过多次努力„„”。

50.B应该将was改成were。In the town提前，句子倒装，句子主语many old people需要跟复数的谓语动词。

51.D应把to play改成playing。enjoy doingsth.为固定搭配。

52.B应把she was改成was she。因为在So„that„句型中，如果So引导的是一个完整的句子，主谓需要倒装。

53.C应把increasingly改为increasing。修饰need这个名词应该用形容词，而increasingly是副词。

54.C应把more去掉。more和比较级不可同时用，比较级中多音节词前才需加more。

55.A应把has去掉。本句有明显的过去时标志性短语ten years ago，应用一般过去时，故直接用died即可。

第五篇：成人学位英语习题

语法词汇综合练习一

1.______ we need to complete the construction is two million dollars.A.All what B.That all C.That D.What

2.______ all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen.A.At B.In C.For D.On

3._______ all the difficulties, she finished the project by herself.A.As for B.In spite C.Besides D.Despite

4._______ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.A.Being published B.Published C.Publishing D.To be published

5._______ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A.Had they arrived B.Would they arrive C.Were they arriving D.Were they to arrive

6.______ book is interesting to her although reading is her hobby.She likes reading literature, not politics or economics.A.None of B.No C.Not every D.All

7._______classic music, which follows formal European tradition, jazz is a spontaneous and free form.A.In contrast to B.In connection with C.In comparison with D.In regard to

8._______ conflict among city-states caused the eventual decline of Greek civilization.A.Continuous B.Continual C.Constant D.Contrary

9._______ conventional black ink costs newspaper about thirty cents, most rub-resistant inks add at least ten cents more to the bill.A.While B.Furthermore C.Meanwhile D.Moreover 10._______ for this suggestion.A.There is something to be said B.There has something to be said C.It is something to be said D.It has something to be said

11._______ for your help, we'd never have been able to get over the difficulties.A.Had it not B.If it were not C.Had it not been D.It we had not been 12.______ he's already heard the news.A.Chances are B.Chance is C.Opportunities are D.Opportunity is

13._______ his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid.A.But for B.According to C.For all D.Thanks to

14._______ his return from Japan, Prof.Li went directly to his laboratory and started working with his colleagues.A.Upon B.At C.Within D.Over

15._______ I am concerned, some other arrangement would have been better.A.So far B.As for C.As far as D.So far from 16._______ I saw you I knew you were angry with me.A.A moment B.The moment C.In a moment D.For a moment

17._______ in government was exposed through the agency of the press.A.Corruption B.Cosmetic C.Cottage D.Costume 18._______ in the dark, his head hit against the wall.A.Walking B.His walking C.When he was walking D.While walking

19._______ is a term for the partial or complete inability to hear.A.There is deafness B.Deafness that C.It is deafness D.Deafness

20._______ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.A.That B.Which C.As D.It

21._______ is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Age.A.It is the sun and not the earth B.Being the sun and not the earth C.The sun and not the earth D.That the sun and not the earth

22._______ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.A.Believe B.To believe C.Believing D.Believed 23._______ kinds of matter in the world.A.There is a few million B.That there are millions C.There are a few million D.It is millions

24._______ man can now create radioactive elements, there is nothing he can do to reduce their radioactivity.A.As B.Whether C.While D.Now that

25.______ me, I think an English-Chinese dictionary is much more helpful to our study than an All-English dictionary.A.As far as B.As far C.As for D.As regard

26._______ my return, I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and would not be back for several hours.A.At B.With C.On D.During 27._______ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.A.To be free B.To free C.Freeing D.Freed

28._______ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.A.On B.By C.At D.Of

29._______ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.A.Until B.Before C.From D.Since

30._______ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.A.That was from Stephen B.It was Stephen whom C.It was from Stephen that D.It was Stephen that

1.D【句意】完成整个建设需要二百万元

【解析】在这里 what引导一个主语从句，what既起引导作用，又在从句中作谓语动词 need的宾语，如：What I want to know is why energy, unlike matter, is not made up of molecules and atoms.我想要知道的是，为什么能量不像物质那样是由分子和原子组成的。因此D是正确选择。尽管that也可引导主语从句，但不能在主语从句中做成分，所以B和 C错误。关系代词what不能用来引导定语从问，所以A也不正确。

2.C【句意】尽管我们想要帮助她，Sara却拒绝了。

【解析】for在这里意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于 in spite of，notwithstanding，如：For all his efforts，he didn't succeed．虽然他尽了力，但还是没有成功。at，in 和 on则没有这种意义和用法。

3.D【句意】尽管存在很多困难，她还是自己完成了这项工作。

【解析】despite意为“尽管，不顾”，如： He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.他尽管病得很厉害，还是来参加了会议。in spite要和of连用，意思与 despite相同，如上句可改为： He came to the meeting in spite of his serious illness.as for意为“至于……，就……而言”，如：As for this kind of rare metal, it will be further studied．至于这种稀有金属，要做进一步的研究。besides意为“除……之外”，如。Besides English he can speak French and German．除了英语他还会说法语和德语。由此可见只有D为正确答案。

4.B【句意】尽管在这个时间出版，他的作品还是受到了关注。

【解析】本题考查的是as引导的让步状语从句．动词publish动作的对象是从句的主语，所以需要用过去分词与was构成被动语态，如：Thoroughly cleaned as it was, the room didn't look tidy.房间虽然给彻底打扫了，但看起来并不整洁。选项A是现在分词的被动式，表示该动作正在进行或与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，如；Being earnestly invited to dinner, she couldn't very well refuse.有人热情邀请她参加宴会，她不好意思拒绝．选项C是现在分词的主动形式，选项D是动词不定式，而不定式做状话一般表示动作的目的，一般是将要发生的动作。由此可见，只有B是正确答案，而A，C和D旨不正确。

5.D【句意】在后天我们走之前他们可以赶过来的，我们会举行一次晚宴。

【解析】本句是一个虚拟条件句，主句的谓语用的是“should + 动词原形”，表示与现在事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。根据句子结构可以看出，从句部分是倒装句，省略了连接词if，由于句子中的时间状语是the day after tomorrow，所以从句动词应该用与将来事实可能相反的虚拟语气，即“should（were to）+ 动词原形”，如：Were they to act like that again，we should criticize them severely．要是他们再那样做，我们就要严厉地批评他们。由此可见，D是正确答案．

6.C【句意】并不是所有的书她都感兴趣，尽管阅读是她的乐趣。她喜欢读文学类的书，而不是政经类的书。

【解析】all，both，every，always，often，entirely，wholly，altogether等词的否定形式一般表示部分否定，如：All is not gold that glitters.发光的未必全是金子。又如：Every force does not always produce movement．力并非总产生运动。

7.A【句意】和古典音乐追随欧洲传统相反，爵士乐是一种自然和自由的表达方式。

【解析】in contrast to意为“同……相对照或相对比，与……相反”，比较的是两者之间的差异，如：In contrast to the China of pre-liberation days, China of today is strong and powerful.与解放前的中国相对比，今日的中国强大而有力。in connection with意为“与……有关系，关于”，如： In connection with your request of March 18th，we are sorry to tell you your goods can not be shipped right now．关于你 3月 18日信中提出）的要来，我们很抱歉你的货物不能马上装船。in comparison with意为“和……比较起来”，既可以比较相同点也可以比较不同点，如：The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with those of New York．伦敦最高的楼房同纽约的比起来仍然很低。in regard to做“关于”讲，如：In regard to the other matter，we have not yet discussed it fully.关于其他事情，我们还没有充分讨论。

8.B【句意】城邦之间不断的冲突导致了希腊文明最终的衰落。

【解析】continual意为“经常不断的，常常的（中间可能有间隔）”，如：Continual smoking is bad to one's health．经常抽烟有害身体健康。continuous 指连续不断而且绝对不中断，如: The continuous work made me completely exhausted.不间断的工作使我筋疲力尽。constant可用来指习惯性的重复，如：Constant practice will make you overcome difficulties．经常训练会使你克服困难。contrary作“相反的”讲，如： Any contrary policy is absolutely wrong.任何相反的政策都是绝对错误的。

9.A【句意】用传统的墨水印刷大约需要三十美分，而防摩擦的墨水至少要贵十美分。

【解析】furthermore（此外，而且），meanwhile（同时）和moreover（再者，此外）均是副词，都不能引导从句。只有while是连词，意为“虽然”，含有让步之意，可以引导从句，如：While I admit that the problems are difficult, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.虽然我承认这些问题很难，但我不认为它们不能解决。

10.A【句意】对这条建议，大家有些话要说。

【解析】“There is something(nothing, little, plenty)to be said for …”是一个句型，意为“……有一定（没有，几乎没有，很有）道理”，如：There is something to be said for both sides of the issue.看起来争论的双方都有一定道理。11.C【句意】如果没有你的帮助，我们不会克服那些困难。

【解析】根据句子结构，我们可以看出逗号后面是使用了虚拟语气的主句，因此，须填入表示与过去情况相反的虚拟条件句，“if it were not for …”这一结构表示同现在事实相反的假设，意为“如果不是……”，例如：If it weren't for his wife's money, he'd never be a director.”如果不是他妻子有钱，他永远不会成为一名董事。If it were not for his help, I would never study here．如果没有他的帮助，我永远不会在这儿学习。因此，BIf it were not 错误。“if it had not been for …”的倒装形式为“had it not been for …”，表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为“如果当时没有……”，主句谓语形式是“would ＋ have done”，例如：If it had not been for Dr.Li, he would have died of smallpox.如果当初不是李医生的话，他已死于天花了。Had it not been for his carelessness, the project wouldn't have failed.当时如果不是他粗心的话，这项工程不会失败。因此，C.Had it not been正确，A.Had it not错误（如果后跟been，就是正确的了），D.If we had not been无此结构。

12.A【句意】可能他听说了这条消息。

【解析】“(The)chances are(that)”常用于口语中，意为“很可能”，如：The chances are that he is staying at home.他很可能呆在家里。

13.C【句意】尽管他知识渊博，也受过教育，但本质上比较愚蠢。

【解析】for all意为“尽管，虽然”，如：For all you say, I still like him.尽管你这样说，我还是喜欢他。but for作“要不是，若非”讲，如：But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey.要不是下雨，我们就会去做一次很愉快的旅行了。according to意为“依照，根据”。thanks to则做“幸亏，由于”讲，如：Thanks to your help, we were successful.由于你的帮忙，我们得以成功。

14.A【句意】一从日本回来，李教授直接去了实验室，开始和同事们一起工作。【解析】“upon(on)+ 表示行为的名词”相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。15.C【句意】就我来说，其他的安排可能更好。

【解析】“as far as … be concerned”是固定搭配，意为“就……来说，就……而论”，如：It is impossible as far as we are concerned.对于我们来说，这是不可能的。so far意为“迄今为止”，如：The weather has been hot so far this summer.到目前为止，今年夏天天气一直很热。as for意为“至于……”，后跟名词或代词，不可跟从句。如：As for my past, I'm not telling you anything.至于我的历史，我什么都不会告诉你。so far from意为“非但不”，如：So far from taking my advice, he went and did just what I warned him against.他非但不接受我的劝告，反而去干了我告诫他别干的事。

16.B【句意】我一见到你，我知道你还在生我的气。

【解析】for a moment意为“一会儿”，in a moment做“立即，立刻”解，两者均可作时间状语。the moment相当于as soon as，起连接作用，引导时间状语从句，如：The moment she saw it, she recognized the type of the machine.她一看就认出了这台机器的型号。

17.A【句意】政府的腐败通过新闻界揭露了出来。

【解析】corruption意为“腐化，腐败”，如。Corruption among the officials was another cause for discontent.官员腐化是引起不满的又一原因。cosmetic意为“化妆品”，如：Mother has a special cosmetic bag for keeping her cosmetics in.母亲有一只专门放化妆品的化妆袋。cottage意为“小屋，别墅”，如：They have a summer cottage.他们有处避暑别墅。costume意为“服装，戏装”，如：He was dressed in ceremonial costume.他身穿礼服。18.C【句意】当他在黑暗中行走的时候，他的头碰到了墙。

【解析】由于walk和主句主语his head没有任何逻辑关系，因此在这里不能使用walk的非谓语形式，也不能使用“while +-ing”形式做状语，否则就形成了悬垂结构。在这种情况下，到们只好使用when引导的状语从句，所以C正确。

19.D【句意】聋是一个用来形容部分或者全部丧失听力的术语。

【解析】根据句子的结构我们可以看出，该处应为主语，而四个选项中可以做主语的只有deafness，因此D为正确答案。

20.C【句意】众所周知，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。

【解析】根据句子结构我们可以看出，前面的句子是非限制性定语从句，四个选项中 A和 D不能引导此类从句，故应排除。Which引导的此类从句必须置于主句之后，因此B也不正确。as可以做关系词，做“正如…… 那样；如同……那样”讲，用来引导非限制性定语从句，这时，as指代整个主句，既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，后一种情况往往被看做插入语，例如：As is known to us all, contributions to computer technology are no longer confined to any one country．大家都知道，对计算机技术做出贡献的，已经不像过去那样仅是某一个国家了。He did it on purpose，as is often the case．这是他故意干的，情况通常是这样。As we know, water is necessary for the existence of all forms of life.我们知道，水对于切生物的生存是必不可少的。有些考生误选了it，他们错误地认为it做形式主语，后面的Mark Twain is a great American writer做真正的主语。如将句中的逗号省略掉，并代之以that，那么选it就是正确的了。

21.D【句意】太阳是星系的中心，而不是地球，在中世纪这是一个难以理解的概念。

【解析】根据句子结构我们可以看出。在was前面是一个主语从句，而主语从句必须有引导词。但A，B和C中都没有引导词，因此三个均错。D中that引导主语从句，在句中不做任何成分，只起引导词的作用，因而D是正确答案，如。That he will refuse the offer is unlikely．他拒绝这项建议的可能性不大。

22.A【句意】信不信由你，他的发现在科技界引起了震动。

【解析】believe it or not是习惯用语，常用于口语中，意为“信不信由你，我说的是真的”。如：Believe it or not，he was granted a full scholarship by Harvard University.信不信由你，哈佛大学给他提供了全额奖学金。Believe it or not，I'm feeling quite homesick．我很想家，我说的是真话。

23.C【句意】世界上有数百万种物质。

【解析】million一词做数词时不加s，如：There are two million people in that city．那座市有200万人。另外，B中的that易使人认为它要引导一个名词性从句，而且million后加s时，要和of连用，D中it is不表示“存在”之意。因此B和D错误。在there be结构中，谓语动词要和与之最近的主语在数上保持一致。句中的kinds是复数，要求其谓语动词也用复数形式。因此A错误而C正确。

24.C【句意】虽然人类现在可以创造出各种放射性元素，但是他们没有办法来减少其放射性。【解析】while除了引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导让步状语从句，做“尽管，虽然”讲，有着强烈的对比意味，例如； While I admit his good points I can see his bad ones．虽然我承认他的优点，但我也能看得出他的缺点。whether引导让步状语从句时，通常与or连用，意为“不管……还是……”，例如。Whether you can see the moon or not，it is always round．不管你看见与否，月亮总是圆的。now that 意为“既然…… ”，引导条件状语从句，从句内容是既成的事实，例如： Now that you will come here，I needn't go there．既然你要来，我就没必要到那儿去了。as也可以引导让步状语从句，但是该从句一般置于主句之前，且从句内容必须倒装，例如。Much as he likes her，he does get irritated with her sometimes．尽管他喜欢她，可有时他确实也对她发火。Try as he would，he could not lift the rock．虽然他尽力了，但仍不能搬动那块石头。

25.C【句意】对我来说，我认为一本英汉字典要比一本全英字典要好。

【解析】as for做“对……来说，就……而言”讲，如： As for her，she prefers tea to coffee．至于她, 则更喜欢茶而不是咖啡。as（so）far as意为“就……所……”如：As far as I know，there are no peaches on the market．就我所知，市场上没有桃子。as far不做为固定短语用。as regard也不做为固定短语用，坦as regards是固定短语，意思是“至于”，如：Now，as regards money，what is to be done？至于钱的问题，该怎么办？

26.C【句意】我一回来就了解到史密斯教授已经到了博物馆，几个小时不会回来。

【解析】on用来指时间，表示“在……之时”，相当于at the same time of，后跟动名词或表示动作的名词，如： On his arrival in Qingdao he set to work in earnest一到青岛他就认真地干了起来。而at，with和during 则没有这种用法。

27.D【句意】摆脱了冰的束缚，气球越升越高，飘到了南方。

【解析】根据句于结构我们可以看出，该处应使用分词短语，表示原因，因此A和B应予以排除。又因为free和balloon具有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以 C也可以排除。此处使用过去分词表示动作的被动和完成，如：Influenced by his example，they performed countless good deeds．在他事迹的影响下，他们做了无数的好事．

28.C【句意】曾经，曼彻斯特是世界上几个大棉厂的诞生地。

【解析】at one time意为“曾经，一度”。如：At one time the little girl formed the habit of visiting Einstein after school every day。有一段时间，那个小女孩养成了个习惯，每天放学后都去看望爱因斯坦。选项A，B和D都不能和one time构成短语，故只有C正确。

29.A【句意】直到最近，英国的大部分已婚妇女还没有离家工作。

【解析】before，from和since与quite recently连用，不符合语法；before quite recently一般要与过去完成时连用；from（since）quite recently一般要与现在完成进行时连用。until用在否定句中表示“直到……才”之意，如：It was not until the beginning of the century that man began to realize that it was the brain not the heart that was the center of mind．直到本世纪初，人们才逐渐认识到是大脑而不是心脏是思维活动的中心．由此可见，A是正确答案。

30.C【句意】正是从Stephen那里，他听说了被人称之为专家的那个人。

【解析】由于英语语法要求在同一个句号前，不可以有两个既不是并列关系，也不是从属关系的句子，故A不是正确答案。B，C和D都使用了强调句型，但通过运用这样一个规则“将强调句型中的it is（或was）和that（或who）省略掉，句子结构仍然应该是完整的”，就可看出只有 C为正确答案。例如：It was this very student that had shown great interest in the problem．就是这个学生曾对这个问题表现出了极大的兴趣。

语法词汇综合练习二 赵文通

1._______ should any money be given to a small child.A.On no account B.From all accounts C.Of no account D.By all accounts 2._______ some mammals came to live in the sea is now known.A.Which B.Since C.Although D.How

3.______ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A.Each B.Any C.Either

D.One

4._______ such a good chance, he planned to learn more.A.To be given B.Having been given C.Having given D.Giving

5._______ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A.For B.Now C.Since D.Despite

6._______ that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point.A.During the 1960's B.That it was in the 1960's C.It was in the 1960's D.It was the 1960's

7._______ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.A.So clever are the construction robots B.So clever the construction robots are C.Such construction robots are clever D.Such clever construction robots are

8._______ that you were out, I wouldn't have bothered to come all the way at that time of night.A.If I should know B.If I know C.Had I known D.Were I to know

9._______ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.A.As for B.Despite C.Except D.Besides

10._______ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.A.To give B.Given C.Giving D.Having given 11.______ the fact that he was in his seventies, the old man decided to swim across the channel.A.At B.Since C.Despite D.With

12._______ the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A.In case of B.In spite of C.Because of D.But for

13._______ the library _______ the bookstore has the book I need.Will you tell me where I can get it?

A.Neither, nor B.Neither, or C.Either, or D.Either, nor 14._______ the sight of the police officers, the men ran off.A.In B.At C.On D.With

15._______ the wall, we decided that we should need three tins of paint.A.Making up B.Doing up C.Putting up D.Sizing up.16._______ the whole, early American city planning was excellent.A.In B.From C.On D.Above 17._______ we are having these days!A.What a lovely weather B.What lovely weathers C.What lovely weather D.What lovely a weather

18._______ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A.For now B.Now that C.Ever since D.By now 19.______ when she started complaining.A.Not until he arrived B.Hardly had he arrived C.No sooner had he arrived D.Scarcely did he arrive 20._______ whether he will come or not.A.There is no telling B.There is not telling C.There is telling not D.There is not to tell

21._______ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A.When compared B.Compare C.While comparing D.Comparing 22._______ you as soon as I know what _______.A.I'll phone…does happen B.I'll phone…has happened

C.I am phoning…happen D.I am going to phone…happens 23._______ you need is a good rest.A.Everything B.Anything C.All D.Something

24.______ your opinions are worth considering, the committee finds it unwise to place too much importance on them.A.As B.Since C.Provided D.While

25._______ our poor record in school, we think you should study harder.A.In spite of B.In view of C.In charge of D.In case of

26._______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A.Other things being equal B.Were other things equal C.To be equal to other things D.Other things to be equal 27._______, he does not love her.A.As he likes her very much B.Though much he likes her C.Much although he likes her D.Much though he likes her 28.______, Henry washed the cup and put it away.A.Having drinking the coffee B.Drinking the coffee C.Having drunk the coffee D.After drunk the coffee 29._______, I'll love him all he same.A.He were rich or poor B.Be he rich or poor C.Being rich or poor D.Were he rich or poor 30._______, the little girl can help her mother with some housework.A.Young as she is B.Young as is she C.As she is young D.As is she young

1.A【句意】决不能把任何钱交给一个小孩。

【解析】具有否定意义的短语on no account用做状语，意为“决不”，用于句首时，句子主谓要倒装。例如： On no account must we view problems superficially and in isolation.我们决不能仅从表面上孤立地看待问题，of no account意为“不重要的”，相当于形容词。例如： His speech was of no account．他的发言毫不重要。from all accounts和 by all accounts意为“从（所有报纸等）的报道看”，例如： From（By）all accounts he has been to Guilin．根据各种说法，他去过桂林。From（By）all accounts he is a good doctor．根据各种说法，他是一位出色的医生。

2.D【句意】有些哺乳动物是如何开始在大海中成长的现在人们已经知道了。

【解析】根据句子结构我们可以看出，在is前面是一个主语从句。而since和although一般均引导状语从句，不引导名词性从句，故B和C应当排除。which作为连接代词，意为“哪些，哪个”，可以引导名词性从句，which在从句中一般做定语，如。The question is in which way we can carry out the test.问题是我们用什么方法才能进行这次测试。该句中已有some修饰mammals，再用which实属多余，因此A也可以排除。how做连接副调，意为“如何”，可以引导名词性从句，如：I want to know how he feels about working for 10 hours a day.我想知道他对一天工作10个小时是怎样想的。由此可见D为该题正确答案。

3.B【句意】任何有一点常识的学生应该能够回答这个问题。

【解析】any一般用在否定句或疑问句中（在肯定向中一般要用some），但是该词也可用于肯定句中，意为“任何，无论哪一个”，此时的any须重读。例如: The government is opposed to any further increase in taxes．政府反对进一步增加税收。Any device that stores up electric charge is called an electric capacitor．任何储存电荷的装置都叫电容器。each做“各自的，每个的，每一”讲，例如：Each book and each pen is found in its place．每一本书每一支笔都放得并并有条。either用作形容词，意为“任一的，（两方中的）每一方的”，常和or连用，例如： In either case，whenever atoms are changed, energy is released．在任一情况下，每当原子发生变化时，总要释放出能量。

4.B【句意】给了这么好一个机会，他计划学到更多的东西。

【解析】该题旨在考查非谓语动词的用法。现在分词的完成式表示该分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示动作之前，而现在分词的一般式则表示该动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，如： Relying on our own efforts，we overcame one difficulty after another．我们依靠自己的力量克服了一个又一个困难。Having worked among the workers for so many years，he knew them very well．由于在工人中工作多年，他对他们非常了解。根据句意，该处应用被动语态，故B为正确答案，而 C和 D错误。不定式一般用作目的状语，表示将来的动作，如：To generate a current by magnetic action，a wire is made to pass through a mangnetic field．为了通过磁作用来产生电流，可以使用导线切割磁场。To do a good job，we must have the right tools．要干好活工具要对头。可见A也错误。

5.B【句意】由于我的头脑已经清醒了，我的大脑也开始里灵活起来。

【解析】now that是复合连词．意为“既然，由于”，如：Now that you’ve grown up，you must stop this childish behavior.你既然长大了，就必须停止这种幼稚的行为。for和 since接从句时，都不和that连用，despite后要跟名词，所以正确答案是B。6.C【句意】正是在二十世纪六十年代，这两个国家的贸易达到了顶点。

【解析】该题旨在考查强调句型。我们知道，英语强调句型的结构是“It + is（was）+ 被强调部分+ that（who）+ 句子其他部分”。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语，如：It was Tom that（who）met your sister in the zoo yesterday．是汤姆昨天在动物园碰到你姐姐的。It was your sister that（whom）Tom met in the zoo yesterday．汤姆昨天在动物园碰到的是你姐姐。It was in the zoo that Tom met your sister yesterday．汤姆昨天是在动物园碰到你姐姐的。It was yesterday that Tom met your sister in the zoo．汤姆是昨天在动物园碰到你姐姐的。根据句意，该题强调的是时间状语，可见只有C能与之构成完整的强调句型，为正确答案。

7.A【句意】建筑用机器人是如此的聪明，以至于他们能够减少工地用工量的百分之九十。【解析】 such（A用在名词前（带或不带形容词），so用在形容词前（不带名词），例如：She was embarrassed at such a request．对这样的请求她感到很为难。She was anxious about her daughter being out so late at night．女儿晚上外出，很晚不归，她为此担心。“so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 名词”结构常用于书面语。例如：I has never met so gentle a person． This is so beautiful a country．这是一个非常美丽的国家。用so和such的词组，后面可跟that引导的结果状语从句，例如：She made such a good meal that we all ate far too much．她莱烧得这么好，我们都吃得太多了。根据句意及结构，C Such construction robots are clever和 Dsuch clever construction robots are错误，可改为They are such clever construction robots…。so或 such引起的短语位于句首，表示强调时，主句主谓要倒装。例如：So clever is the boy that we all like him．小孩子十分聪明，我们都喜欢他。Such was the force of explosion that all the windows were broken．爆炸的威力很大，所有的窗子都震坏了。因此，A正确而B错误。

8.C【句意】如果我知道你出去了，晚上那个时间我不会去打扰你。

【解析】根据句意，此处应使用虚拟语气，因此B错误。A尽管使用了虚拟语气，但它表示的是对一般将来情况的虚拟，所以时态不正确。为了表示语气上的强调，虚拟条件句中可以省略if，而此时从句应使用倒装结构，如： Had he taken a little more time to think，he might have acted more reasonably．如果他再多用一点时间思考一下，他的行动 就可能会更理智些。尽管D也使用了倒装结构，但它表示的是对一般将来的虚拟，时态不正确。可见只有C正确。

9.B【句意】尽管科技进步了，人老以后带来的各种不便会伴随着我们。

【解析】despite意为“尽管，不顾”，引导让步状语，如：He persisted in going his own way，despite my warnings．他不顾我的再三警告，一意孤行。as for意为“至于……，就……而言”，如：As for it，I will say nothing any more．至于这件事情，我不再说什么了。except意为“除……之外”，表示排除与整体性质相同的人或物，如： He gets up early every day except on Sunday．除星期日外，他每天早起。besides意为“除……之外”，如：Besides English he can speak French and German.除了会说英语外。他还会说法语和德语。由此可见，B是正确答案。

10.B【句意】考虑到德国对其经济实力所作的声明，德国经济实力的弱小实在让人惊讶。【解析】过去分词短语作状语一般要和句子主语有逻辑动宾关系，但是有时句子中的过去分词虽然和句子主语不是逻辑动宾关系，但却符合语法，因为这些过去分词功能相当于一个连词或介词，given就是其中之一。given可用作介词，意为“考虑到,假定，假若”，例如： Given the weather，the football game was quite good．考虑到天气因素，这场足球赛踢得相当不错。Given that he was still a boy，I forgave him.考虑到他还是个孩子，我就原谅他了。

11.C【句意】尽管自己已经七十多岁了，这位老人还是决定游过海峡。【解析】本句意为“尽管老人已 70多岁，他还是决定要横游过海峡。”despite在此是介词，意为“尽管”，如： Despite a shortage of steel，industrial output has increased by five percent．尽管钢材供应不足，工业产量仍增长了5％。其他三项均不符合本意思。

12.D【句意】要不是这次洪水，这艘船就会准时到达目的地了。

【解析】would have reached是虚拟语气形式，根据句意，需填入表示虚拟条件的从句或类似结构，因此，选but for。but for意为“倘没有；要不是”，它与后面的名词所构成的结构的作用相当于虚拟条件状语从句，例如： But for（Had it not been for）your help，we should not have finished in time．要不是你帮忙，我们不会及时完工。in case of 意为“假如；如果发生，防备”，例如； In case of fire，walk quietly to the nearest door．如发生火灾，要镇静地走向最近的门口。in spite of 意为“虽然，不顾，尽管……仍……”，例如：In spite of all his efforts he failed．他虽然做了各种努力，仍然失败了, because of意为“因为”，例如：I said nothing about it，because of his wife's being there．因为他的妻子在那里，我对这事一字未提。

13.A【句意】图书馆和书店都没有我需要的书。你能告诉我在那能够买得到吗？

【解析】“neither…nor…”和“either…or…”均为固定搭配，连接两个相等的成分。因此B和D应该排除。“either…or…”连接两个相等的成分时，意为“或者……，或者……”，两者必具其一。根据第二句话，我们知道在the library和 the bookstore均没有“我”所需要的书，故C也应排除．因此只有A是正确答案．

14.B【句意】一看到警察，人们四散跑去了。

【解析】at（the）sight of的意思是“一看见……就”，如： She wept at the sight of his distress． 一宕见他那痛苦的样子她就流泪了。in sight或within sight意为“看得见，迫近”，如：Peace is now in sight.和平在望。in the sight of意为“从……观点来看，在……看来”，如： He was punishable in the sight of law．从法律的角度来看他该受罚。

15.D【句意】考虑到墙的面积，我们认为我们需要三罐油漆。

【解析】size up意为“判断，估量”，如： They sized him up with a look．他们一眼就看出他是什么样的人了make up意为“构成，化妆”，如： A car is made up of many different parts．汽车由许多不同的部件组成。do up意为“扎，捆”，如： You should do up the parcel．你应把这个包裹捆上． put up意为“举起，建造”，如： put your hands up举起手来。

16.C【句意】总的来说，美国早期的城市规划是不错的。

【解析】on the whole是固定搭配，意为“从整体来看，大体上”，如： On the whole，the performance was a success.从整体来看，演出是成功的。

17.C【句意】这些天的天气是多好啊。

【解析】weather是不可数名词，所以 A可以排除。how引导感叹句时后面一般用形容词或副词，而what引导感叹句时应一般用名词（包括不可数名词），据此D也可以排除。weather为复数时一般指“处境，境遇”，故B也不合适。由此可见只有C是正确答案。（可参见薄冰的《英语语法》P.496上的例句：What delightful weather we are having!这天气多好呀！）

18.B【句意】既然我们上完了课程，我们就要开始做更多的修改工作。

【解析】根据句子结构我们可以看出，这里需要一个关联词来引导出一个状语从句。since或now that或now可以用来引导原因状语从句，从句内容是一个既定的事实，例如： Now that you will come here，I needn't go there．既然你要来，我就没必要到那儿去了。ever since后既可跟名词也可跟从句，表示“自从……以来”。如用在此处，则不合乎逻辑，例如：He has not written any letters to her ever since he was ill．自从他生病以来，他从未给她写过信。by now只能作状语，不能引导从句，意为“到目前为止”，例如： She ought to have arrived at her office by now．她现在本该到办公室了．虽然for可以引导表示原因的分句，但该分句要位于第一个分句之后，例如： I don't like him，for he always makes empty promises．我不喜欢他，因为他总是作一些空头许诺．

19.B【句意】她以来就开始抱怨。

【解析】句型“hardly（scarcely）…when”和“no sooner…than”表示“一……就”，例如：No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey．他刚到家就被要求做另一次旅行。Hardly had she agreed to marry him when she began to have serious doubts．她刚同意同他结婚，就开始产生严重的疑虑。Scarcely had he entered the room when the phone rang．他一进房间电话就响了。因此，B正确而C错误。由于主句谓语动词arrive要先于从句谓语动词start，因此从句使用一般过去时时，主句只能使用过去完成时，所以，D错误。not until或“not…until”意为“直到……才”，用来引导时间状语从句，例如： Not until midnight did they find their lost child．直到深夜他们才找到走失的孩子。根据句子结构，not until he arrived若用在这里，整个句子就没有主句了，犯了结构不完整的错误，因此，A也不是正确答案。

20.A【句意】他不可能来。

【解析】“There is no doing sth.…”或“There is not any doing sth.…”相当于 “It is impossible to do sth.…”，意为“做……是不可能的”，如：There is no knowing when he would be back．无法知道他什么时候回来．又如：There is not any telling what became of her．她出什么事了，无可奉告。

21.A【句意】和整个地球相比，世界上最高的山也不算高。

【解析】由于句子主语the highest mountain与动词compare是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此这里不能使用现在分词作状语，故D错误。有的学生认为可以将动词原形 compare用于祈使句，但是由于compare是及物动词，其后要跟宾语，而且由于在同一个句号前不可以出现两个既不是并列关系，也不是从属关系的句子，故B不是正确答案。when和while等连词引导时间状语从句时，当从句主语和主句主语一致，而且从句动词是be的形式时，可以将从句的主语和be的变化形式省略，A和C都符合这一规定，但是由于 compare和被省略掉的主语the highest mountain是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处只能使用过去分词，例如：When deeply absorbed in what he was reading，which he often was，he forgot all other things.他常常聚精会神地读书,这时他就会把其他一切事情全忘掉。

22.B 【句意】我一知道发生了什么事，我就给你打电话。

【解析】as soon as引导时间状语从句时，从句中通常用一般时替代将来时，主句则用将来时。据此，可以排除 C。be going to do sth.虽也表示将来，但侧重“打算做某事，安排好做某事”，故D也应予以排除。A中的 does happen强调谓语，此处不合题意。B中的has happened强调某种结果，符合题意，因此B为正确答案。

23.C【句意】你需要的就是休息。

【解析】anything常用于疑问句和否定句。虽然something可用于肯定句中，但表示“某事，某物”之意。all在现代英语中可以作一个句子的主语、宾语或补语，但后面需接一个定语从句．在这种情况下，all可能有两个含义：一个相当于everything，另一个相当于the only thing（s）。根据句子结构，此处all作第二层意思讲。因此C为正确答案，A，B和D均不正确。

24.D【句意】尽管你的意见值得考虑，委员会认为它不值得重视。【解析】as可用来引导时间状语从句、方式状语从句和让步状语从句，分别意为“当……时候，随着……”，“正如”，“虽然，尽管”，该词引导让步状语从句时，从句要位于主句前，而且从句内容要倒装，例如：Successful as he is，he is not proud．他虽然成功了，却不骄傲。provided用来引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，例如：I will lend you my book provided that you keep it clean．只要不把书搞脏，我会把书借给你．since t用来引导时间状语从句和原因状语从句，意为“自从；因为”，例如： He has written once since he left．他自去后曾来过一封信。连词while不但可以引导时间状语从句，而且还可以引导让步状语从句，作“尽管”讲，例如：English and French are living languages while Latin is dead．英语和法语是现在都有人说的语言，而拉丁语现在却没有人说了。

25.B【句意】考虑到你在学校里的成绩是如此之差，我们认为你应当努力学习。

【解析】in view of意为“考虑到，鉴于”，如：In view of his youth，the police have decided not to continue with the case against him．念在他年轻，警方决定不对他起诉．而in spite of作“尽管，不顾”讲，如： I went out in spite of the rain．尽管下雨，我仍然外出。in charge of意为“主管，掌管”，如。She is in charge of the work now.她目前掌管这一工作。in case of意为“假使，如果发生”，如： In case of fire，ring the alarm bell.万一有火情，请按警铃。

26.A【句意】其他条件相同的情况下，表达流畅的人要比语言能力差的人更容易成功。

【解析】从句子结构可以看出，本句的前面部分是表示条件的状语，other things being equal是一个分独立结构，可以作条件状语，如： Other things being equal，a shorter statement is preferred．其他条件相同的情况下，优先选用较短的陈述。除在极个别的情况下，分词作状语时，应与句子的主语存在一定的逻辑关系（主谓或动宾关系），否则该分词就应该有自己的逻辑主语或逻辑宾语，来构成“名词或代词 + 分词”结构，即独立分词结构，独立分词结构一般可置于句首，也可置于句末，用来表示原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随情况等，如：The experiment being over，the students began their discussion．做完实验，学生们开始讨论。Silver is the best conductor，copper following behind．银是最好的导体，铜次之。Were other things equal是虚拟语气条件从句，而后面的句子是陈述语气，To be equal to other things是不定式，可以作目的状语，但不能作条件状语，Other things to be equal这样的结构不存在，因此，正确答案是A。

27.D【句意】尽管他喜欢她，但他不能爱她。

【解析】though，although和as均可引导让步状语从句，作“即使，尽管”讲，as引导的让步状语从句必须使用倒装语序．如： Complex as is the orbit of the moon, it is possible to predict unerringly eclipses many years in advance of their occurrence．尽管月球的运行轨道很复杂，但是人们仍然能提前许多年准确无误地预报日（月）食。因此，A不对。although从句必须使用正常语序，所以 C不对。though既可用倒袋，也可用正常语序，故 D正确。尽管 B采用了倒装，但是 much放的位置不对，故也不是正确答案。

28.C【句意】喝过咖啡，Henry洗了被子放了起来。

【解析】after是介词，后需接动名词，而drunk是过去分词，因此D错误。英语中没有 have drinking sth．这一说法，所以 A也错误。B的结构虽然正确，但现在分词一般时作时间状语时，一般表示该动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，因此B不合题意。C使用现在分词的完成时，表示该动作在主句谓语动词表示的动作以前发生，如：Having failed to qualify as a doctor，I took up teaching．我由于没能取得当医生的资格，便从事了教学工作．所以C为正确答案。

29.B【句意】不管是贫是福，我都会爱他。

【解析】be he rich or poor是让步状语从句，相当于whether he is rich or poor，如：All magnets behave the same, be they large or small.磁铁无论大小作用都是一样的。30.A【句意】尽管年纪还小，这个小女孩能够帮她母亲做些家务。

【解析】as可以引导让步状语从句时，可以把形容词、副词和名词提前，当名词提前时，不加冠词。语法词汇综合练习三 赵文通

1._______, the story of Snow White appeals to many adult readers, too.A.Though it written for children

B.Though written for children

C.Though for children written

D.It was written for children

2._______, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form.A.They occur where they are

B.Wherever they occur

C.Occurring where

D.Where do they occur

3.“A man was slightly injured in an accident.” This tells us that his injury was _______.A.deadly

C.fatal

B.very serious D.not serious

4.“Do you know Canada?” “No, _______ there.”

A.I've never been

C.I've never gone me?“

A.to go

B.have go D.going

B.line D.road

B.follow D.keep

B.see D.provide

B.Neither am I D.I'm not, too

C.have gone

A.path

C.way

A.agree

C.make

A.show

B.I'd never been D.I'd never gone

5.”Does anybody want an extra ticket to go to the movies? “"Who would you rather _______ with you.George or 6.”Have you a table for two?“ I asked.The waiter replied, ”This _______, please.“

7.”Here is the money I promised, “ he said, ”I always _______ my promise.“

8.”I'd like you to _______ me some clothes.“ said the customer.C.explain

9.”I'm not going to buy the book.“ ”___________.It's too expensive.“

A.I don't either

C.So am I

10.”John isn't here now.“ ”_______ left by the back door?“

A.Must he have

C.Had he

B.Might he have

D.Should he have

B.isn't going 11.”Michael left for California this morning.“ ”Oh, I thought he _______until next week.“

A.hadn't been going

C.won't be going

D.wasn't going

B.slavery to 12.”Not until science became prominent _______ be abolished“, some people argue.A.did slavery come to

C.had slavery come to

A.like

C.for

D.that slavery came to

B.as D.with

B.it began D.it has begun

B.over D.under

B.scheme 13.”To say is one thing, and to do is another.“ _______ the old saying goes.14.” We're late.The play has started.“ ”I wonder how long ago _________.“

A.did it begin

C.was it beginning

A.on

C.at

15.”Where can I find Jim?“ ”He is _______ his work.He won't leave the lab until 6:00 p.m."

16.A _______ of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval.A.shorthand

C.schedule

A.rise

C.raise

D.sketch

B.arise

D.arouse

B.to translate 17.A completely new situation will _______ when the examination system comes into existence.18.A Dream of the Red Chamber is said _______ into dozens of languages in the last decade.A.to have been translated

C.to be translated

D.to have translated

B.must be arranged

D.would be arranged

B.if

19.It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.A.will be arranged

C.be arranged

A.whether

C.that

A.was

C.is

20.No one doubts _____ it is true.D.what B.were

D.are 21.A good many houses _______ knocked down by the earthquake.22.A good teacher must know how to _______ his ideas.A.convey

C.consult

A.by

C.from

B.display D.confront

B.with D.about 23.A good teacher should not confront his pupils _______ too much information in one lesson.24.A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is _______ conditions or events.A.in response to

C.in contrast to

A.take over

C.hold on happened.A.before

C.since

B.until D.when

B.in favor of D.in excess of

B.result in

D.keep to 25.A love marriage, however, does not necessarily _______ much sharing of interests and responsibilities.26.A man escaped from the prison last night.It was a long time _______ the guards discovered what had 27.A man has to make _______ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.A.supply

C.provision

B.assurance D.adjustment

B.request D.response

B.having worked out D.to have been worked out

B.a good intention D.good imagination 28.A neat letter improves your chances of a favorable _______.A.circumstance

C.reception

A.working out 29.A new technique _______, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.C.having been worked out

A.a good brain

C.good judgement

1.B【句意】尽管是为小孩写的，但白雪公主的故事对许多成年人同样具有吸引力。

【解析】though可以引导让步状语从句，当从句的主语和主句的主语一致，而且从句的谓语动词是be的形式时，可将从句的主语和be的形式省略，如： Though born in Chicago，the writer wrote many stories about New York City．那位作家虽然生在芝加哥，却写了许多关于纽约的小说。因此B为正确答案。A中没有省略主语it，因而错误。C中过去分词短语后置，D中缺少从属连词，所以C和D也错误。2.B【句意】不论在什么地方，劳动号子以最基本的形式表现了这个民族的文化。

【解析】wherever用作连接副词，意为“无论在哪里”，引导一个让步状语从句，如：Wherever you go，you will always find the same thing．不论你走到哪里，你总会发现同样的事情。由此可见，B既符合语法又符合题意，为正确答案。A为一个分句，和下文之间缺少连接词，故不正确。C为现在分词短语，其中where后没接任何成分，不合语法，也不正确。D为一特殊疑问句，不符合整个句子结构，也应排除。3.D【句意】“有人在车祸中受了轻伤”，这说明受的伤是什么样的？

【解析】deadly意为“致命的，（可能）致死的”，如：Fog is one of the sailor's deadliest enemies．雾是水手的死敌之一。serious意为“严重的”，如： His illness is nothing serious．他的病一点也不严重。fatal意为“致命的，悲惨的”，如： They cyclist was knocked down by a lorry and received fatal injuries．那个骑自行车的人被卡车撞成重伤。原题中slightly意为“轻微地，不严重地”，据此可以看出正确答案应为D。4.A【句意】“你了解加拿大吗？”“不了解，我从来没有去过那里。”

【解析】过去完成时需有过去时间作参照，以表示出“过去的过去”这么一个概念，如： The train had left when I got to the station．我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。因此B和 D均不合适。have been to someplace和 have gone to someplace的区别在于：前者说明“去过某地，现在已不在那里了”；后者说明“已经去了某地，现在在那里或在去那里的路上，不在这里”。很显然，C有悖常识。故只能选A。5.B【句意】“还有人需要票去看看电影吗？”“你希望谁去？你、乔治还是我？”

【解析】我们首先将第二个句子改写为正常语序的句子： You would rather have whom go with you, George or me？我们就不难看出 go是省略了to的不定式，作宾语whom的补足语。6.C【句意】“还有双人桌吗？”我问道。服务员答道“这边清。”

【解析】“This way，please．”是用来给别人引路时的专门用语，意为“请这边走”。path，line和 road皆无此用法。

7.D 【句意】“这就是我答应给你的钱”，他说道，“我一直遵守诺言。”

【解析】agree一般为不及物动词，意为“同意，赞同”，常用于词组 agree with sb．或agree to a plan（suggestion），如：I don't agree with what you said．我不同意你的话。follow意为“听从，遵循，领会”，如： I regret not having followed your advice．我后悔没有听你的劝告。make a promise是固定搭配，意为“许诺”，如： He made a promise that he would come to help me with physics．他答应要来帮我学物理。而

30.A person who makes wise decisions has _______.keep a promise是“信守诺言”，如： One should keep his promise．人应该信守诺言。由此可见D为正确答案。

8.A【句意】“我希望你给我看些衣服。”这位顾客说道。

【解析】Show sb.sth.是固定搭配，意为“给某人看某物”, 如： Will you kindly show us that coat over there？请把那儿的上衣拿给我们看看好吗？see后面不能接双宾语，explain常用于explain sth．to sb．结构中，如: The teacher explained the text in detail to the students．老师详细地给学生讲解课文。provide用于provide sb．with sth．结构中，如：The Red Cross provides the orphans with food and clothes．红十字会给孤儿们提供衣食。

9.B【句意】“我不会去买那本书。”“我也不去，这本书太贵了。”

【解析】so和neither放在句首、且句子主谓倒装时，可以表示前一种情况也适合于后者，so用于肯定的情况，而neither则用于否定的情况。所以B正确而C错误．A不合适，因为A中的助动词和前面句子中的助动词不同。D也不正确，因为too作“也”讲时，一般用在肯定句中，而不用于否定句中。10.B【句意】“约翰现在不在这里，它可能从后门走了吗？”

【解析】句型 might have done表示对过去发生的可能性很小的推断，例如。A word of encouragement might have made me respect instead of hate him．一句鼓励的话或许就会使我尊敬他不是仇视他了。句型must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推断，意为“一定，想必”，例如： He must have forgotten to wind the clock last night，didn't he？ 他昨晚准是忘记给表上弦了，不是吗？句型should have done表示“过去应该做但未做”，这是虚拟语气的一种特殊表达方式，例如：You should have snatched a free moment for writing a letter．你本应抽空写封信。

11.D【句意】“Michael今天早晨去了加利福尼亚。”“我以为他下周才来。”

【解析】英语中有些动词，如 go，arrive，get，come，leave，have等，可用其过去进行时来表示过去将来的动作，如： He said that he was arriving in ten minutes。他说 10分钟后就会赶到的。A为过去完成进行时，不符合题意，B和C的时态搭配错误，因而只有D是正确答案。12.A【句意】“直到科学变得重要起来，奴隶制度才被推翻。”有人说到。

【解析】如果选B，则主句中没有谓语动词；如选D，则会有两个从句，而没有主句，因此B和D都错误。如果选择A或C，直接引语部分构成一个主从复合句，根据句意，主句表示的动作发生在从句之后，因此，主句中的谓语动词也应使用一般过去时。例如： The greedy old woman ate and ate until she was full up．这个贪婪的老太婆不停地 吃，一直吃到很饱为止。另外，需要注意的是，当否定词或含有否定意义的词组位于句首作状语时，主谓颠倒。常见的否定词和具有否定意义的词组有：at no time, by no means, few, hardly in neither case, in no case, in no time, in no way, in vain, little, neither, never, no more, no sooner，nor，not，not once，not only，not until，on no account，rarely，scarcely，seldom，still less，under no condition，under no circumstances等，例如： Never in my life have l seen such a wonderful place.我一生中从来没见过如此美丽的地方。Not only was Churchill a statesman，but also a great writer。丘吉尔不但是一位政治家，而且也是一位伟大的作家。

13.B【句意】正如谚语所说，“说说是一码事，做起来又是一码事”。

【解析】as可作连词，引导方式状语从句，意为“正如„„，如同„„”，如： As luck would have it，I caught the last bus．幸运的是，我赶上了末班车。根据句子结构，这里需要一个连词引导从句，故A和D错误。for是并列连词，连接并列分句，用在此处也不会题意。

14.B【句意】“我们来晚了。戏剧已经开始了。我不知道是什么时候开始的。”

【解析】在这里关系副词短语how long ago引导的是一个宾语从句，因此从句中主谓不倒装。另外，在由“„ago”短语作状语的句子中，谓语动词一般要使用一般过去时，所以B是惟一正确答案。15.C【句意】“在哪可以找到Jim？”“他正忙着工作，直到下午六点钟才离开实验室。”

【解析】be at sth．是固定搭配，相当于 be busy with sth．或 be engaged in sth.，有“忙于„„”的意思。16.D 【句意】预算委员会所作报告的概要被送交市长等待审批。【解析】sketch意为“略述，纲要”，如： The speaker amused us with a sketch of city life in the 1890’s，讲演者给我们略述了19世纪90年代都市生活的概况，听起来很有意思。shorthand作“速记”讲，如：the secretary made shorthand notes．这位秘书作了速记。scheme意为“计划，方案”，如：He has contrived a scheme for the term's work.他已拟定了这个学期的工作计划．schedule作“日程表，时刻表，进度表”讲，如：Has he made the examination schedule yet？他把考试日程安排好了没有？ 17.B 【句意】一种新的考试制度出现时，一种崭新的情况就会出现。

【解析】arise本意“起来，起身，升起”，作“出现，产生，发生”的意思讲时常用于抽象事物，如： The audience arose and remained standing．观众起身站着。rise意为“升起，上升，增高”，如： As the wind rose to eighty miles an hour，tree after tree crashed down．当风速升到每小时 80英里时，树一棵棵地倒了下来。raise意为“举起，增加，引起”，如：The scientists are developing a new machine to raise labor efficiency．科学家们正在研制一种新机器以提高劳动效率。arouse意为“唤醒，引起，激起”，是及物动词，后面一般限一个抽象名词作宾语，如：Chopin aroused very complicated emotions in her．肖邦的作品在她心中激起了异常复杂的感情。

18.A【句意】《红楼梦》据说在过去的十年中被翻译成了数十种语言。

【解析】本题旨在考查不定式的时态和语态。不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生，如； He is said to have written a new book about workers．据说他又写了一本关于工人的书。当不定式的逻辑主语为该不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态，如： It is an honor for me to be asked to make a speech here．我很荣幸应邀在这里演讲。根据句意我们知道，本句中的不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生，又因为句子的主语与该不定式具有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用不定式的完成式，故A正确。C的时态不符合题意，D忽略了主语和不定式之间的逻辑关系，而B既不符合时态，又忽略了主语和不定式之间的逻辑关系、由此可见，B，C和D都不是正确答案。19.A【句意】在做出决定之前，我们急需要安排一次会议。

【解析】考察主语从句中虚拟语气的应用。当表语为important, urgent等形容词时，主语从句使用虚拟语气，形式为（should）+动词原形。20.C 【句意】没有人怀疑这是真的。

【解析】I doubt whether/if…我怀疑。I don’t doubt that …我毫不怀疑。又如：I doubt whether he can speak English.我怀疑他是否会说英语。21.B【句意】许多房子在地震中倒塌了。

【解析】a good many意为“相当多，很多”，后面要跟复数名词，谓语动词也应是复数形式，并且本句所讲述的是过去发生的动作，所以应用过去时。

22.A【句意】优秀的教师必须知道如何表达自己的思想。

【解析】convey此处意为“传达”，如：This picture will convey to you some idea of the beauty of the scenery．这幅画将把那里秀丽的风景向你传达一二。display则意为“展示，表现”，如： Our soldiers displayed no rear under the enemy's fire．我们的战士在敌人的炮火下毫无惧色。consult作“请教，咨询，查阅”讲，如：Have you consulted your doctor about your illness？你有没有看过医生？confront意为“面临，遭遇”，如: The soldiers were confronted by two terrorists as they left their camp．士兵们离开营房时碰到两个恐怖分子。23.B【句意】优秀的教师不应当在一堂课里面给学生灌输太多的知识。

【解析】confront with是一个固定搭配，意为“使„„面临，使„„面对”，如：The new system was confronted with great difficulties at the start．新制度开始时进到很大困难。

24.A【句意】大部分人类的活动，特别是和环境相联系的活动都是特定条件和特定事件的反映。【解析】in response to意为“响应，反应，回答”，如： He opened the door in response to a knock．听到敲门声，他去开门。in favor of作“赞成，支持”讲，如： Are you in favor of early marriage？你赞成早婚吗？ in contrast to意为“与„„相反。与„„相对照”。如： In contrast to your belief that we shall fail，Iknow we shall succeed．你认为我们会失败，正好相反，我知道我们会成功。in excess of作“多于，超出”讲，如：He advised his son never to spend in excess of his income．他劝儿子绝对不可以入不敷出。25.B【句意】美满的婚姻并不一定能够带来共同的兴趣和责任。

【解析】result in意为“结果，导致”，如： These safety measures will result in the reduction of work accidents．这些安全措施将减少工伤事故。take over意为“接受，接管”，如： He told the assistant to takeover for him during his absence．他要助手在他不在时接替他的工作。hold on意为“紧握，等一会”，如： Hold on a minute till I put on my coat．等一下，我穿上大衣。keep to意为“遵守，坚持”，如： we must keep to the style of hard struggle and plain living．我们必须保持艰苦奋斗的作风。由此可见B最符合题意。26.A【句意】昨晚有人越狱，好长时间后，狱警才知道发生了什么事。

【解析】“It's„ before”句型表示“（„„之后）才„„”之意，如： It was several weeks before I got a decent night's rest．几星期以后我才得以好好地睡了一夜。故A符合题意。until意为“直到„„为止”，在否定句中多译为“直到„„才”，该词一般不用在“it is„until”（肯定）句型中, 如： They talked on until one o'clock In the morning．他们一直谈到凌晨一点钟。“It is（has been）„ since”句型表示“自„„以来已有„„时间了”，例如： It has been only twenty five years since television came to control American free time．电视开始主宰美国人的空闲时间，至今也不过才25年。when通常表示“在„„ 时”，用在本题不符合题意。

27.C 【句意】人必须为他的老年做准备，预备足够的钱以备年老时用。

【解析】provision意为“准备，预备”，如：They spent all their money and made no provision for the future．他们把钱都用光了，未留日后需用。assurance意为“保证”，如：He gave me his assurance that he would come．他向我保证他会来的。supply作“储备．供应”讲，常与介词of连用，如： we have a good supply of water here．我们这里的水供应充足。adjustment意为“调整，调节”，如： He is making some adjustments to his plan．他正调整他的计划。

28.D【句意】一封漂亮的信可以提高回信的机率。

【解析】response意为“回答，答复”，符合题合，如：My letter of inquiry brought no response．我的询问信始终未得到回音。circumstance常用复数，意为“情形，环境，状况”，如： Don’judge the crime until you know the circumstances．在你未了解一切情况之前，勿对罪行下判断。request作“请求，要求”讲，如：The professor gave us a lecture at our request．应我们的要求，教授给我们讲了一课。reception意为“接待，招待会”，如: We have a special room for the reception of patients.我们为病人设了专门的接待室。29.C【句意】新技术的使用使得去年的产量增加了百分之二十。

【解析】根据句子结构，我们可以看出这里应使用独立分词结构。故D错误。由于动词work out和a new technique是逻辑动宾关系，故此处只能使用过去分词的独立结构或使用被动语态的现在分词独立结构，例如： Machines having been used，People do more work with less energy.由于使用了机器，人们就能用较少的力气，干较多的工作。

30.C【句意】一个做出明智决定的人一定有很强的判断力。

【解析】a good brain意为“很聪明”，如：He has such a good brain that he is quick at learning anything．他很聪明，学什么都快。a good intention 意为“好的意图”，good imagination意思是“丰富的想像力”，而good judgement则用来表了“判断力强”，如： He is a man of good judgement．他是一个判断力很强的人。根据句子结构及题意可知C为正确答案。