英语名词的单复数与一致性

第一篇：英语名词的单复数与一致性

英语名词的单复数与一致性

1.并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致关系

a)由and连接两个名词或者代词作主语时

A and B分为以下四种情况：

i.A、B表示不同的人、物或者观念的时候，谓语动词要用复数形式

Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students./ Both the parents and the children are here.ii.A、B表示同一个人、物或者观念的时候，谓语动词要用单数形式

A journalist and author lives in the sixth flat.The turner and fitter is under twenty-five.iii.And连接几个单数主语，主语由each、every、no、many等词修饰的时候，谓语动词要用单数

Each boy and each girl is invited./ Every boy and girl is invited./ No boy and no girl is there now.iv.A、B为两个不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数

A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.Bread and butter is nutritious.b)由or, not only...but also..., either...or..., neither...nor...连接主语时，谓语的人称和数与靠近的主语一致（注意，叙述句和疑问句随语序不同而不同）Either you or I am mad.Neither you nor he is naughty.Not only the farmer but also his family were friendly to me.c)当主语后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, as well as, rather than等词的时候，谓语动词不受词组的影响，仅和主语保持一致

All but one were here just now.A library with five thousand books is offered to nation as a gift.2.单一主语的情况

a)以复数形式结尾的名词作主语时，例如physics, maths, economics, news, means, works, 等一般在谓语动词中用单数形式, 当然，若表示复数的意思则另当别论

Physics is very important./ Every means has been tried.b)表示双部分工具的名称，衣服名称等作主语时，例如trousers/pants, shoes, glasses, scissors, goods, clothes等，谓语用复数形式；如果这些词由Pair(suit, piece, series, kind)+ of修饰的时候，谓语动词要用单数

My trousers are white and his clothes are black.A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.但是在these/those pairs(…)of + 复数名词之后，谓语动词则用复数形式 These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.3.动名词，不定式，从句作主语的时候，谓语动词一般要用单数

To see is to believe./ Swimming is a good way to keep health.Who is her father is not known.4.集体名词作主语时

a)mankind/humanity/man（人类）作主语的时候，谓语动词一般用单数形式 Only man is knows how to cook.b)由people, police, cattle, youth等集体名词作主语的时候，谓语动词用复数形式

The cattle are grazing in the field.c)Family, crowd, class, public, enemy等集体名词作主语的时候

i.若当整体看，则谓语动词用单数形式 Our class is very diligent.ii.若他们表示的人或者事物当作若干个个体来看，谓语动词则用复数形式 When I came into the room, his family were watching TV.iii.A family/group/class作主语时，谓语动词用单数

families/groups/classes作主语时，谓语动词用复数

A group is coming to the zoo.5.其他情况

a)主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等复数名词的时候，谓语动词用单数形式 kilometers is not very far.Three times three makes nine.b)one, every/each one, each, anyone, either, neither + of + 复数名词

谓语动词一般用单数形式，因为of之后的复数名词不是主语而是介词of的宾语，of前面的one, every one … 才是主语

Neither of them is right.Each of them has a slide.c)none of + 不可数名词——谓语动词用单数形式

none of + 可数名词 ——谓语动词单复均可

None of that money in the desk is his.None of his classmates knows the truth.d)分数或百分数 + of + 词组

分数或百分数+ of +词组作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后的名词或者代词的数；若名词或代词是复数，谓语动词用复数，若名词或代词是单数，则谓语动词用单数

Three-thirds of the surface of the earth is sea.Tens of tons of waste goes into the air with the smoke every day.e)more than one +(单数名词)+单数动词

more than two +(复数名词)+复数动词 More than one white rose has bloomed.More than two white roses have bloomed.f)a(great)number of + 复数名词 ——用复数动词

the number of + 任何名词 —— 用单数动词

A great number of tourists have been to the Great Wall.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.g)the + 形容词，表示一类人 ——谓语动词用复数

the + 形容词，表示一类物 ——谓语动词用单数

The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.The beauty is here.h)every, any, some, no 构成的复合词 everyone, everybody, everything anyone, anybody, anything

这些复合词作主语的时候，谓语动词用单数形式

someone, somebody, something

no one, nobody, nothing Everyone in the class was surprised at the news.Listen, someone is knocking at the door.

第二篇：名词单复数

一、名词

名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词，其中可数名词具有单、复数的形式；而不可数名词没有复数形式。

1.从单数 复数，变形规则如下：

1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families（家庭）, strawberry-strawberries（草莓）

4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman（男警察）-policemen, policewoman（女警察）-policewomen, mouse-mice child（孩子）-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, sheep（羊）-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,当people后加上s时即peoples表示“民族”例如：There are 56 peoples in China.中国有56个民族。2.以下词为常为不可数名词，他们的复数形式就是他们本身。

Water(水)milk(牛奶)tea(茶)rice(米饭)orange（橙汁）juice（果汁）bread（面包）练习题 写出下列各词的复数

I _________this ___________that___________ watch _______child _______photo ________diary _________ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ______________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____________ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich _______________ man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice____________________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea_______________-注意be 动词遇到名词时的运用: 单数名词用is, 复数名词全用are.名词单复数讲解及练习名词单复数

（1）名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，不可数名词没有单复数，一律看作单数。（2）可数名词的单数前什么时候用a，什么时候用an？ 答：以元音音标（或音素）开头的用an。以辅音音标（或音素）开头的用a。注意：我们看的是音标（或音素），而不是元音字母。

一、选择a或an或不填（用/表示）pen bag apple big apple banana orange oranges orange pen（3）可数名词的变化规则：

① 般在词尾加s，如：books，bags，fruits。加s之后的读音②以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es，读[iz]；以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接在词尾加s。

② 如：baby —— babies ③ ④以f、fe结尾的名词变f、fe为ves,如：wolf [wulf] 狼——wolves wife（妻子）— life（生命）— knife —

④ ⑤以o结尾的名词加es 的有：如：zoo——zoos photo——photos（4）名词复数的不规则变化：

⑤ man—men男人 woman[wumEn]—women [5wimin] 女人tooth [tu:W]—teeth [ti:W] 牙齿 foot [fut]—feet [fi:t] 脚，英尺 goose [gu:s]—geese [gi:z] 鹅 mouse [maus] —mice [mais] 老鼠 ⑥ ②child [tFaild]—children [5tFildrEn] 孩子 ③单复同形的名词有：

⑦ chinese [5tFaini:z] 中国人Japanese [7dVApE5ni:z]日本人 sheep [Fi:p] 绵羊 deer [diE] 鹿 fish [fiF] 鱼

⑧ 注意：fish①当一条鱼讲时，单复数同形，如three fish.②当各种各样的鱼讲时，即强调鱼的种类时，要加es.⑨ 如：all kinds[kaindz] of fishes.各种各样的鱼 ③当鱼肉讲时，不可数。

一、名词复数规则

⑩ 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ⑪ 2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数：

⑫ man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children ⑬ foot-feet,.tooth-teeth ⑭ fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese ⑮

⑯ 1.I have two_____(knife)⑰ 2.There are many _____ here.(box)⑱ 3.There are many _____ on the road.(bus)4.A few _____ are drawing on the wall.(boy)5.The _____ are playing football now.(child)⑲

兔儿们，元宵节就要到了，Happy the Lantern Festival!元宵节快乐呀，代我向你们全家问好。the Lantern Festival（元宵节）。

⑳ 今天我们一起来回顾一下，名词复数形式的变化规则； 1.大多数情况下，直接加s 21 2.以 s x sh ch结尾的名词变复数，加es 22 3.以 f fe 结尾的名词变复数，把 f fe 变为ves.23 4.以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词变复数，把y 变 i 再加es.例如，family 以辅音字母l 加y 结尾，所以复数形式为families, 24 boy也是以y 结尾的，但它是以元音字母o加y结尾的，所以复数形式为boys 5.有些以字母o 结尾的名词变复数加es,例tomatoes,potatoes 6.还有一些不规则变化的，需要同学们分清记牢。如sheep——sheep，child------children Text 1 名词（总分100分）

一、请写出下列词的复数形式,没有复数形式的请划出 /。(1’*50=50’)city _____ _zoo ______country _____ tooth ____ mouse __ boy____________ broom ___________car ____ tree ______horse ______ bus______________ fox _____ branch ____ baby _____ family _____ country _____ radio _____ photo _____ piano _____ knife _____ leaf _____ life _____ thief _____ _man _____ woman _____ child ___ foot this _____________ watch___________diary____________day____________ book____________ dress____________ sheep___________tea_____________box___________ strawberry_________ peach__________sandwich__________paper_________ juice__________water____________ milk___________ rice__________ people CD ox___________deer____________fish___________

二、单项选择(1’*10=10’)()1.The __ in our yard are very beautiful.A.cloth B.water C.flowers()2.Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.A.boy B.boys C.boies()3.A cat has four ____ , doesn't it? A.foots B.feet C.feets()4.There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.A.American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C.American, Japanese()5.Can you see nine ____ in the picture? A.fish B.book C.horse()6.The _____ has two______.A.boy;watch B.boy;watches C.boys;watch()7.The _____ are flying back to their country.A.Germany B.Germanys C.Germans()8.The girl brushes her _____ every day before he goes to bed.A.tooths B.teeth C.teeths()9.I saw many _____ in the street.A.peoples B.people C.people’s()10.The green sweater is his _________.A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s

三、选择填空(1’*10=10’)()1.They come from different ______ A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys()2.How many ______ do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato()3.They are______.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher()4.Would you like _______ ,please? A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water C.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters()5.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German B.German, Germen C.Germen, Germany D.Germans, Germany()6.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes pencil-boxes B.knives pencils-box C.knives pencil-box D.knives pencils-boxes()7.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, traveling C.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling()8.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples()9.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs()10.My uncle has three _______.A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens 四.填入所给名词的正确形式(2’*10=20’)1.I have two____________(knife)2.There are many ___________ here.(box)3.There are many ___________ on the road.(bus)4.A few ___________ are drawing on the wall.(boy)5.The ______________ are playing football now.(child)6.Please take two _______________ for me.(photo)7.I like the red ________________.(tomato)8.Would you please clean your _____________ now?(tooth)9.Do you want some _________?(milk)10.There are ten __________ _________in our school.(woman teacher)

二、练习题。<一>、写出下列名词的复数形式

1、orange

2、class

3、text

4、monkey

5、piano

6、child

7、shelf

8、bed

9、country

10、family

11、toy

12、foot

13、Japanese

14、radio

15、photo

16、army

17、tomato

18、fox

19、woman 20、knife

22、sheep <二>、选择填空

1、There on the wall.They are very beautiful.A.are photoes B.are photos C.is a photo D.is photos 2.This kind of car made in Shanghai.A.is B.are C.were D.has 3.There are four and two in the group.A.Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C.Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans 4.That’a art book.A.an B.a C.the D are 5.The boys have got already.A.two bread B.two breads C.two pieces of bread D.two piece of bread 6.The old man wants.A.six boxes of apples B.six boxes of apple C.six box of apples D.six boxs of apples 7.There some in the river.A.is ,fish B.are, fishs C.is, fishs D.are ,fish 8.There two in the box.A.is watch B.are watches C.are watch D.is watches 9.We should clean twice a day.A.our tooth B.our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth 10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room.A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers’ D.teachers 11.In Britain _____ are all painted red.A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 1）选择填空 1.They come from different ______ A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys 2.How many ______ do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato 3.They are______.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher 4.Would you like _______ ,please? A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water C.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters 5.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German B.German, Germen C.Germen, Germany D.Germans, Germany 6.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes 7.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, traveling C.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling 8.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples 9.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs 2）.填入所给名词的正确形式 1.I have two_____(knife)2.There are many _____ here.(box)3.There are many _____ on the road.(bus)4.A few _____ are drawing on the wall.(boy)5.The _____ are playing football now.(child)1

1．bag _______ 2．orange _______ 3．family _______ 4．wish _______ 5．shelf _______ 6．knife _______ 7．key _______ 8．baby _______ 9．tooth _______ 10．foot _______ 11．woman _______ 12．sheep _______ 13．Japanese _______ 14．potato _______ 15．radio _______ 16．child _______ 17．fish _______ 18．photo _______ 19．Frenchman _______ 20．man doctor _______ 21.watch _______ 22.bus _______ 23.sheep _______ 24.foot _______ 2）选择填空 1.They come from different ______ A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys 2.How many ______ do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato 3.They are______.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher 4.Would you like _______ ,please? A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water C.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters 5.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German B.German, Germen C.Germen, Germany D.Germans, Germany 6.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes 7.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, traveling C.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling 8.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples 9.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs 10._______ are good for our health.A.Tomatos B.Tomatoes C.Tomato 11.I like to eat cake with ______.A.cherries B.cherry C.cherrys 12.______ and ______ are not friends.A.Foxs…wolfs B.Foxes…wolfs C.Foxes…wolves 13.These are the ______ of our national ______.A.photos … heroes B.photoes … heroes C.photos … heros 14.The ______ are running on the ______.A.deer … grasses B.deers … grass C.deer … grass 15.I was so hungry and I ate two ______.A.bowls of noodle B.bowls of noodles C.bowl of noodles 3）.填入所给名词的正确形式 1.I have two_____(knife)2.There are many _____ here.(box)3.There are many _____ on the road.(bus)4.A few _____ are drawing on the wall.(boy)5.The _____ are playing football now.(child)4）请用括号中名词的复数形式填空 Look at those _______.(child)2 I can see a __________ standing near the door.(policeman)3 Do you want some ________ for dinner?(potato)4 In autumn, you can see a lot of _______ on the ground.(leaf)5 He has two _______.One is blue , the other is yellow.(box)6 Two ________ live in this building.(family)5）选择正确的词形 1 How many(radioes, radios)can you see? 2 There are 36(boys, boies)in my class.3 Look at those(sheeps, sheep).4 I don’t want(a, an)old cup.5 Give me that(box, boxes), please.6）将以下单复数句进行转换 1 This is a knife.______________________________________ 2 That is a tomato.______________________________________ 3 That child is very good._____________________________________ 4 These are mice.______________________________________ 5 Those are children.______________________________________

1、I want three white paper.A、pieces B、piece of C、pieces of

2、Do you want to drink much ? A、a milk B、milk C、milks

3、This is room.It’s very big.A、Lily and Lucy’s B、Lily’s and Lucy’s C、Lily’s and Lucy

4、We visited house yesterday.A、Tom B、Toms C、Tom’s

5、Do you want some for supper? A、a potato B、potatoes C、potatos

6、In autumn，you can see a lot of on the ground.A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves

7、My sister has two.One is old，the other is new.A、a watch B、watchs C、watches

8、Best wishes to you for Day!A、Teacher’s B、Teachers’ C、Teacher

9、Many children like to go to the Palace on Sunday.A、Children B、Children’s C、Childrens’ 第一部分：

1.There are some ________ on the hill.A.sheeps B.a sheep C.sheep D.sheepes 2.Mr Black often gives us ________ by Email.A.some good information B.some good informations C.good informations D.a good information 3.There are some new books in the school library.They are ____ books.A.child B.childrens' C.children D.children's 4.I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new ________.A.pair B.one C.ones D.trousers 5.Meimei's handwriting is better than any other ______ in his class.A.students B.students C.student's D.students' 6.The hospital is a bit far from here.It's about _______.A.forty minutes's walk B.forty minute's walk C.forty minutes walk D.forty minutes' walk 7.How many _____ are there in your class ?

A.Japanese B.American C.Australian D.Canadian 8.I found my black cat in_____ room.A.Jim and Mike B.Jim and Mike's C.Jim's and Mike's D.Jim's and Mike 9.How much are the _____ ? A.bread B.meats.C.potatos D.tomatoes 10.There are many ______ in our school.A.woman teachers B.woman's teachers C.women teachers D.women's teachers 11.Three months ________ a long time for me.A.is B.are C.have D.has 12.There are ______ and ______ on the table.A.two boxes cake;four bottle of oranges B.two boxes cake;four bottle of orange C.two boxes of cakes;four bottles of orange D.two box of cakes;four bottles of oranges 第二部分

1.All the _____teachers and______students are having a meeting there.A.women …girls B.women… girl C.woman…girls D.woman…girl

2.Mr Black is a friend of _________.A.Jack's aunt's B.Jack's aunt C.Jack aunt's D.aunt's of Jack 3.This toy was made by a ____ boy.A.ten-year-old B.ten-years-old C.ten-year-older D.ten-years-older 4.The farmer raised ten _________.A.sheeps B.deers C.horse D.cows 5.She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________.A.her grandmother B.her grandmother's C.her grandmothers' D.that of her grandmother 6.We have moved into a ________.A.two-storey house B.house of two storey C.two-storeys house

第三篇：名词单复数

1.We are ________(student).2.I have five ________(watch).3.Her father is a ________(doctor).4.What’s your ______(job)? 5.What are their ________(job)? 6.These _________(shelf)are not very good.7.Two ________(wolf)are in the forest.8.The ____________(housewife)are very lazy.9.I have two ________(knife).Do you need one? 10.There is a _______(hero).11.This _______(potato)is very nice.12.There is a red _________(tomato)on the table.13.We have four ________(piano)in our school.用单词的适当形式填空

1、There are four_____(apple)on the ground.2、There are five _____(bird)in the tree.3、I have three _____(eraser).4、There is one _____(cap)on the desk.5、I have two _____(pencil box).6、There are nine _____(dish)on the plate.3/4

7、There are two _____(boy)in our classroom.8、There are so many _____(leaf)on the tree.9、There are fifteen _____(knife).10、There are six _____(candy)in the in the jar.写出下列句子的复数句子。1.This is my friend.2.That is his brother.3.Is this your sister? 4.Is that her cousin? 5.What’s this?

6.This is an apple tree.7.It is an old backpack.

第四篇：英语名词单复数形式

1.一些特殊词的变化：

this-----these that-----those he/she/it----they is----are 2.一般性的可数名词变复数时直接加“s”。

bird----birds pear----pears flower----flowers room-----rooms brother---brothers sister----sisters 3 不可数名词的单复数形式一样。

milk----milk juice----juice bread----bread rice----rice water-----water honey----honey 4, 以元音字母结尾的名词变复数时加“es” tomato---tomatoes potato----potatoes 5, 有些成双成对的单词常以复数形式出现.hands(手）eyes(眼睛）

gloves(手套）

shoots(靴子）

trousers(裤子）

ears(耳朵）tooth--teeth(牙齿)legs(腿)foots(脚）chopsticks(筷子)socks(袜子）等

6.以“y”结尾的名词多变“y”为“i”再加“es”但“y”前是元音字母的不需作此变化.butterfly----butterflies family---families

但 boy---boys toy----toys monkey----monkeys key----keys

day----days 7, 单词中含有名词“man”的要变“man”中的“a”为“e”

postman----postmen fireman---firemen milkman----milkmen fisherman---fishermen man---men

woman---women policeman---policemen 等.8 以“ch ” “sh” “x” “s”结尾的名词变复数时加“es”

peach—peaches pencil-box---pencil-boxes class-classes box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes 10, 以 “f”或“fe”结尾的名词变复数时要去掉“f”或“fe”再加“ves” leaf----leaves knife----knives

thief-thieves loaf-loaves

wife-wives 11 单词本身以元音字母“e”结尾的直接加“s”

orange----oranges pie---pies cake---cakes bee---bees cle----uncles 13，以元音字母开头的名词单数表达时前不是“a”而是"“an” an orange an egg an apple an elephont an ice--cream 3以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos 7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s

un

radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos 8以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 2.不规则名词复数：

英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：

规则 例词

1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式

man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同

sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3只有复数形式

ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4一些集体名词总是用作复数

people, police, cattle, staff

5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6复数形式表示特别含义

customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)

7表示“某国人”加-s

Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 单复数同形

Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanes

第五篇：英语名词的单复数

名词的单复数

一、可数名词

可数名词的复数变化可以分为：规则变化和不规则变化两种。

（一）规则变化的可数名词

这一类名词的复数总结起来只有三种变化规则，我给它们归纳了一个总口诀方便大家记忆：

4大名捕走江湖，s、es、ies、ves轮番上；单复相同7君子；8大金刚生而复。它们分别代表什么意思呢？

4大“名捕”走江湖，s、es、ies、ves轮番上

1、单数名词变为复数，以下面4种最为常见：s、es、ies、ves（1）大部分辅音字母结尾的单词，直接加s：balls、cats、dogs、books（2）以s/x/ch/sh这四个辅音字母结尾的单词，直接加es：buses、boxes、watches、dishes（3.1）以y结尾的单词，紧邻y的前一个字母是元音字母，在这种情况下，直接加s。举例：boy→boys，zoo→zoos。

（3.2）以y结尾的单词，紧邻y的前一个字母是辅音字母，在这种情况下，先变y为i，然后再加es。举例：party→parties、lady→ladies、story→stories（4）以f或者fe结尾的单词，先变f或者fe为v，然后再加es：knife→knives、leaf→leaves

单复相同7君子

2、单数、复数全都是一样，不需要做任何改变（有点像“君子一言驷马难追”，所以说它们是“7君子”）。这样的单词有7个：

deer鹿，sheep绵羊，works工厂，means手段，Swiss瑞士人，Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人。

记忆方法：中瑞（士）日联手（段）开鹿羊工厂。

8大金刚生而复

3、英语中一些表示“成双成对”的名词，它们生来就只有复数形式，永远没有单数。这样的单词我们在中学阶段常见的有4个：

20160711英语 1 headphones(耳机)，glasses(眼镜)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子)，jeans(年仔裤)，shorts短裤，shoes(鞋子)，scissors(剪刀)。记忆方法：从上记到下。

（二）不规则变化的可数名词

这一类名词的复数总结起来只有两种变化规则，同样给它们归纳了一个总口诀： 不讲规则的4大人和7小福

4大人

1、在英语单词中，所有以o结尾的单词全部直接加s，只有4个以o结尾的单词是加es：

Negro（黑人）、hero（英雄）、tomato（番茄）、potato（土豆）

记忆方法：黑人（Negro）英雄（hero）种了番茄（tomato）和土豆（potato）

7小福 2、7个特殊的不规则变化的单词：

foot→feet（脚步），goose→geese（鹅），tooth→teeth（牙齿），child→children（孩子），man→men（男人），woman→women（女人），mouse→mice（老鼠）。记忆方法：男人（man）和女人（woman）带着刚刚长出牙齿（tooth）的孩子（child），训练鹅（goose）步行（foot）去赶老鼠（mouse）。

二、不可数名词

（一）目前的中学阶段涉及到的以下四个类目的单词，可以直接归为不可数名词

1、主食：rice米饭、bread面包

2、肉类：chicken鸡肉、beef牛肉、fish鱼肉、mutton羊肉、pork猪肉

3、饮料：milk牛奶、water水、coffee咖啡、juice果汁

4、人民币单位：yuan元

记忆方法：今天伙食有点好，牛奶（milk）咖啡（coffee）果汁（juice）水（water），猪（pork）牛（beef）羊（mutton）鸡（chicken）鱼（fish）肉鲜，米饭（rice）面包（bread）不要钱（yuan）。

（二）在上面的四个类目以外，如果一个名词是那种“只能感觉却无法触碰的”，比如空气、灰尘这类的，可以直接判定其属于不可数名词。

20160711英语

三、既是可数名词又是不可数名词

英语中有些名词同时占据了可数和不可数两个类目，区别它们什么时候可数和不可数，主要看它们在当前的语境里面，表示的是什么意思。这一的名词有7个，我把它们总结为一句口诀：7小孩两头占。

这7个单词分别是：大白菜（cabbage）、鸡（chicken）、家庭（family）、小鱼（fish）冰淇淋（ice cream）、洋葱（onion）、沙拉（salad）。

记忆方法：小鱼（fish）一家（family）爱吃冰淇淋（ice cream），洋葱（onion）沙拉（salad）鸡（chicken）喜欢大白菜（cabbage）。下面具体讲（单词按照上面记忆的顺序）：

1.fish鱼；鱼肉

（1）fish用作可数名词，它有两种表现形式：

A、单数和复数形式相同，此时fish是指“鱼的条数，而且一般是当时就能看得见的活鱼”，比如：

There are two fish in the pail.桶里面有两条鱼。

B、当fish出现了复数形式fishes，此时的fish表示“不同的鱼的种类”，比如： He rears lots of fishes at home.他家里养了很多鱼。

（2）fish用作不可数名词，指“做熟的鱼肉”，此时它没有复数形式，比如：Help yourself to some fish．随便吃些鱼吧。

2.family家庭；家人

（1）family用作可数名词，表示“家庭”，比如： A family has a chance.一个家庭只有一次机会。

Many families attended the sport.很多家庭都参加了那次运动会。（2）family用作不可数名词，表示“家人这一个整体”，比如： The family are our haven.家人就是我们的港湾。

3.ice cream冰淇淋

（1）ice cream用作可数名词，表示“在售的冰淇淋，而且一般现在就要买来吃”，20160711英语 3 比如：

Give me two ice creams，please！请给我两份冰淇淋！

（2）ice cream用作不可数名词，表示“冰淇淋这种甜点，不代表马上就要买来吃”，比如：

Mary，do you like ice cream？玛丽，喜欢吃冰淇淋吗？

4.onion洋葱

（1）onion用作可数名词，表示“洋葱或者洋葱头，而且是现在就能看见的生洋葱”，比如：

There are many onions in the kitchen.厨房里放着很多洋葱。

（2）onion用作不可数名词，表示“已经做成了菜的洋葱，这里的洋葱可能还能看见，可能已经看不见”，比如：

There is too much onion in the dish.这道菜里面洋葱放太多了。（这个时候洋葱还看得见）

The soup tastes of onion.这汤有股洋葱味。（这个时候洋葱已经看不见了）

5.salad沙拉

（1）salad用作可数名词，指“一份色拉”或“一盘色拉”，比如： I’ll mix a salad.我去拌一份生菜沙拉。

I'll just take a small salad，please.我想要一小盘沙拉。（2）salad用作不可数名词，指“沙拉材料”，比如： He eats nothing but salad.他只喜欢吃色拉。

6.Chicken鸡；鸡肉

（1）chicken用作可数名词，指“看得见的活的鸡”，比如： There are lots of chickens in our village.村里养了很多鸡。

（2）chicken用作不可数名词，指“已经做成了熟食的鸡肉”，比如： I like chicken and fish.我喜欢吃鸡肉和鱼肉.20160711英语 4 7.cabbage大白菜

（1）cabbage用作可数名词，表示“生的大白菜”（市场上一棵一棵摆着卖的那种），比如：

I bought a cabbage yesterday.昨天我买了一棵白菜。

（2）cabbage用作不可数名词，表示“做熟的白菜，这里的白菜指的是做菜的材料”，比如：

I’m good at frying cabbage with onion.我擅长炒洋葱白菜。

20160711英语 5