《全球核安全及核裁军》立场文件

第一篇：《全球核安全及核裁军》立场文件

立场文件

代表：谷安楠 学校：蚌埠二中 国家：中华人民共和国 议题：全球核安全及核裁军问题

由于全球可利用资源数量有限，随着在科学技术的不断进步，各国都开始寻找新型能源。此时，核能——一种安全、可靠、清洁、经济的新型高效能源，逐渐成为一些发达国家的首选，也成为我国能源发展的趋势。

然而，切尔诺贝利事故、福岛核泄漏事故……近代一些核泄漏事故，对世界的生态环境和人类的生命健康造成了巨大危害，核安全问题日益严重。

同时，将威力巨大的核能用于军事，即研发核武器，也成为了一些科技军事大国的首选。冷战结束后，随着全球化和多极化的深入发展，国家间的相互依存和制约关系加深，核武器在解决全球安全和拥有国自身安全方面的作用不断降低。美俄等有核大国甚至军备了上千枚战略性核武器，这对世界和平构成了巨大威胁。

中国作为联合国常任理事国以及核武器国家，中国一贯主张全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器，一直以来提倡以核裁军，核不扩散和安全利用核能源三点为支柱，加强核不扩散机制，推动世界核裁军进程。中国一直郑重声明：

一、在任何时候、任何情况下都不首先使用核武器。

二、无条件不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器。中国于1996年7月30日宣布暂停核试验，并于同年9月24日首批签署了《全面禁止核试验条约》。中国在核武器的规模和发展方面一直高度限制。并且中国从不参加核军备竞赛，也没有在国外部署核武器。

这一切都表明，中国的立场是正义、透明的，中国本着负责态度，高度重视核安全，坚决反对核扩散和核恐怖主义。

近几年，国际核裁军、防止核扩散及和平利用核能的进程不断受挫。目前，朝鲜核问题、伊朗核问题、美俄核武器大国进一步削减核武器谈判等已成为全球关注的核安全和核裁军主要问题。

中国在全球核安全及核裁军问题上的观点如下：

一、中国始终致力于推动，在以联合国安理会和国际原子能机构为框架下的国际核安全对话与合作，始终提倡以和平手段解决争端与分歧。

二、中国呼吁各方保持冷静，敦促有关各方切实履行国际义务，遵守有关条约，回到平等对话的轨道上来。

三、中国始终反对任何形式的核扩散，中国在全球核安全和核裁军方面所做的努力使有目共睹的。中国已签署《核不扩散条约》，也是全球唯一一个做出不首先使用核武器承诺的有核国家。

四、核安全关系到全球的生态环境，关系到全人类的安全和未来。各方应保持清醒，正确认识全人类的根本利益，从长远角度出发，切实推动国际核谈判进程。中国愿意在其中发挥积极作用。

五、美俄作为世界核武器大国，应当履行自身责任，带头进行核裁军。两国应坚定履行双方2011年签订的《削减和限制进攻性战略武器条约》为世界核安全做出贡献。中国呼吁所有有核国家，不使用核武器，不进行核威慑，安全发展核能源，并在未来5年内削减一定数目的战略核武器。

六、中国反对无核国家开展核武器研究试验，这无疑是加剧了人类世界的灾难。同时，中国呼吁国际原子能机构切实履行义务，对发展和能源国家进行监督和检测。

七、对于近期朝鲜出现的核问题，中方坚持通过六方会谈解决问题，希望朝鲜了解当今世界状况，不要一意孤行，对世界核安全和核不扩散的大好前途带来危害。

第二篇：立场文件

立场文件 新中国成立以来，我们国家发生了巨大变化，特别是改革开放，极大地调动了人们的积极性和创造性，开创了国家经济、政治、文化、社会全面发展的崭新局面，综合国力大幅提升，人民生活显著改善，城乡面貌日新月异，国际地位不断提高。我们走的中国特色社会主义道路，是一条富民强国、振兴中华的康庄大道。

在我们这样一个有着十几亿人口的大国进行现代化建设，是人类历史上前所未有的壮举。我们已经取得了伟大的成就，但前面的路还很长。在前进的道路上既有机遇也有挑战。我们坚信，只要坚定不移地走中国特色社会主义道路，坚持改革开放，就一定能够把中国建设成为富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。我们对中国的未来充满希望，我们伟大祖国的前程无限光明！

能源是支持人类文明进步的物质基础，也是现代社会发展须臾不可或缺的基本条件。近年来，绿色发展在全球蓬勃兴起。其核心是减少对能源资源的过度消耗，追求经济、社会、生态全面协调可持续发展。为此，世界各国进行了积极探索，中国也做出了不懈努力。我们积极调整经济结构，加大节能减排力度；加大政策扶持，加快清洁能源发展；加快传统产业改造，提高能源利用效率；倡导低碳生活方式，推行绿色消费。我们面临的困难很多，付出的代价很大，但我们毫不动摇。

为了减少能源资源问题带来的困扰和不平等，世界各国应当进一步行动起来，共同做出更大努力。第一，要把节能增效放在首位，推动建立节约型生产方式、生活方式和消费模式，通过采用先进科技提高能效，建设低投入、高产出、低消耗、少排放、能循环、可持续的国民经济体系。第二，要大力发展可再生能源和清洁能源。各国应加强政策扶持，扩大应用规模，逐步降低成本，越来越多地替代化石能源。第三，要积极推动能源科技革命。政府应当加大投入，推进能源科技创新的工程示范和产业化。发达国家应当在保护知识产权的前提下，向发展中国家和不发达国家提供、转移技术。第四，要有效保障能源安全。可考虑在Ｇ２０框架下，本着互利共赢的原则，建立一个包括能源供应国、消费国、中转国在内的全球能源市场治理机制。要通过协商对话，制定公正、合理、有约束力的国际规则，构建能源市场的预测预警、价格协调、金融监督、安全应急等多边协调机制，使全球能源市场更加安全、稳定、可持续。

中国一贯尊重西亚北非地区国家和人民的自主选择，支持其依靠资源禀赋和优势发展本国经济。中国将继续同世界各国人民一道，加强国际合作，推动可持续创新，致力于发展未来能源，共同建设一个绿色和可持续发展的新世界。

第三篇：立场文件11-05-04

Delegates:

School: College of Foreign Language.Country: The United Kingdom Committee: ECOSOC Topic: Ocean Protection.Ocean protection has become a world focus, for it has close relationship to many other important issues.On one hand, the high seas are parts of country.Each of us thinks highly of them.We will take a good use of them and protect them well.On the other hand, the ocean is the property of the whole human.As the water flowing, the pollution of ocean will affect many countries.So the UK government has created the world's largest marine reserve around the Chagos Islands.As UK Foreign Secretary David Miliband commented: “Its creation is a major step forward for protecting the oceans, not just around BIOT [British Indian Ocean Territory] itself, but also throughout the world.This measure is a further demonstration of how the UK takes its international environmental responsibilities seriously.”

The UK government has long paid attention to the problem of ocean protection.In 2010, One year ago, the UK government established the Chagos Marine Reserve in the Indian Ocean, marking an historic victory for global ocean conservation.And more than 275,000 people from at least 200 countries and territories joined the call from the Chagos Environment Network, Pew’s joint initiative with eight leading conservation and scientific organizations, to protect the Chagos before it is too late.For now, the UK goverment has been accomplished to ensure that these islands and their surrounding waters will be protected for future generations.These efforts include initiating scientific and conservation projects to restore native vegetation on the islands, ending all legal fishing in the surrounding waters, and launching conservation training for Chagossians.UK is with no exception as together with all the other nations in the whole world faced with the problem of oceanic pollution as well as the over exploitation problem, and is facing it ,for generations.The optimistic achievement from UK so far is also pretty encouraging.In 2010, the UK government established the Chagos Marine Reserve in the Indian Ocean, which makes such a historic victory for global ocean conservation.This measure is a further demonstration of how the UK takes its international environmental responsibilities seriously." And also, according to a survey of Marine Conservation Society, the numbers of sharks, sea purses, stingrays, whales and seals have already been sharply reduced in the seas around UK.The UK government is always making effort in many aspects to provide better treatment to protect ocean.For instance, UK put forward the new bill on ocean protection, Marine and Coastal Access Act, in 2009, which also marked the UK's marine species and their habitats would be more comprehensive protection.UK would like to utilize the power of international legislation to standardize ocean exploitation.For now, the UK government has been accomplished to ensure that these islands and their surrounding waters will be protected for future generations.These efforts include initiating scientific and conservation projects to restore native vegetation on the islands, ending all legal fishing in the surrounding waters, and launching conservation training for Chagossians.UK would like to utilize the chance of cooperating with international countries.Meanwhile, UK would like to establish a new marine management institution, to strengthen the construction of marine protection laws and regulations.UK affirms its great intention of cooperating with other countries to promote this project.UK is firmly convinced that the ocean should be protected before it is too late.海洋保护已成为世界的焦点，因为它有着密切的关系，许多其他重要问题。一方面，公海是全国各地。我们每个人都认为他们的高度评价。我们将采取一系列用好，保护好。另一方面，海洋是整个人类的财产。由于水流，海洋污染将影响许多国家。因此，英国政府已经创造了世界上最大的查戈斯群岛周围的海洋保护区。正如英国外交大臣米利班德说：“它的建立是保护海洋的重要一步，不仅是围绕毕奥[英属印度洋领地]本身，而且在整个世界里，这种措施是英国如何采取进一步论证。其国际环境认真负责。“

英国政府长期以来一直重视对海洋的保护问题。2010年，一年前，英国政府设立了印度洋查戈斯群岛海洋保护区，标志着一个全球海洋保护的历史性胜利。超过275,000名来自至少200个国家和地区的人加入从查戈斯环境网络，皮尤与八大的保护和科研机构联合倡议，呼吁保护查戈斯，以免为时过晚。目前，英国政府已经完成，以确保这些岛屿及其周围海域将成为未来几代人的保护。这些努力包括科学和保护项目的启动，恢复原生植被的岛屿，终止于附近水域捕鱼的所有法律，并开展节能方面的查戈斯培训。

英国是没有例外，连同所有与海洋污染，以及过度开采问题，面临的问题，其他国家和整个世界面临的世代。从英国乐观的成就至今也相当令人鼓舞。2010年，英国政府在印度洋建立，这使得这样一个全球海洋保护的历史性胜利的查戈斯群岛海洋保护区。这项措施是如何在英国的国际环境需要进一步论证认真负责。“还有，根据对海洋环境保护协会的调查，鲨鱼，海皮包，黄貂鱼，鲸鱼和海豹的数量已经急剧减少围绕英国海域。英国政府总是做了多方面努力提供更好的治疗，以保护海洋。例如，英国提出了关于海洋保护，新的法案海洋和海岸使用法，在2009年，这也标志着英国的海洋物种及其栖息地的保护将更加全面。

英国想利用国际立法的权力，规范海洋开发。目前，英国政府已经完成，以确保这些岛屿及其周围海域将成为未来几代人的保护。这些努力包括科学和保护项目的启动，恢复原生植被的岛屿，终止于附近水域捕鱼的所有法律，并开展节能方面的查戈斯培训。英国希望利用与国际各国合作的机会。与此同时，英国将要建立一个新的海洋管理机构，加强对海洋保护的法律法规建设。英国确认其与其他国家合作，以促进该项目的大的意向。英国坚信，海洋应该受到保护，以免为时过晚。

第四篇：新西兰立场文件

学校：青岛第十六中学 国家：新西兰

委员会：中文常规委员会 议题：农业补贴 代表：黑俊铭 张笑恬

由于农业的特殊性，农业补贴是一个国家保护粮食安全、支持农业发展、维持农产品价格稳定、保障农民收入最主要，最常用的政策工具。但另一方面，巨额的农业补贴误导了资源配置，导致资源从更有生产力的用途流向农业生产、增加了农产品的世界供应从而压低了世界价格、严重背离了自由贸易的基本原则。更重要的是，由于发展中国家的农业部门通常比在出口、就业方面往往比发达国家占更大的比重，无疑发展中国家为农业补贴负担了更多的农业补贴成本，并且深受其害。

新西兰因生产效率低和资金缺乏而深受欧美国家出口补贴之苦，强烈要求纠正在农产品贸易上的扭曲现象。新西兰总理约翰·基2012年9月7日发表言论表示，全球各国的农业补贴浪费了数千亿美元资金，在全球财政危机的背景下，巨额农业补贴难以负担。约翰·基说，根据新西兰的自身经验，我们知道削减补贴不是易事。但补贴削减措施出台后，农民很快便通过削减成本、提高生产率，根据市场需求做出了调整。相关举措最终使新西兰在农业及葡萄酒领域拥有了全球最高的生产率。约翰·基在符拉迪沃斯托克举行的亚太经合组织（ＡＰＥＣ）峰会一个商业论坛上指出，目前日本、美国、欧盟均面临着削减财政赤字，控制公共债务的巨大挑战，当前规模的补贴难以负担，且不可持续。据了解，新西兰上世纪８０年代已经废除了农业补贴。新西兰是世界上少数几个依靠农业立国并进入发达国家行列的国家。依靠优越的自然条件、科技创新以及制度改革等，形成了主导产业清晰、自然环保、科技领先、质量安全、低成本、高效率、竞争力强的由大企业和行业协会领衔的规模化、一体化现代农业，成为发达国家中对农业没有进行直接补贴但国际竞争力很强的外向型农业典范。

在国际上面，新西兰已加入凯恩斯集团，凯恩斯集团由15个国家组成的一个非正式联合体，于1986年成立于澳大利亚凯恩斯。在乌拉圭回合多变贸易谈判中，凯恩斯集团是一个坚强的联合体，它要求撤消贸易壁垒并稳定削减影响农业贸易的补贴。这些国家有澳大利亚、阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、匈牙利、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、菲律宾、新西兰、泰国、乌拉圭、斐济和加拿大等14个国家，其农产品出口占世界出口量的25%，但是这些国家都没有对其农产品给予补贴。1999年11月29日，该集团决定吸收3个美洲国家为其成员，这三个国家是玻利维亚、哥斯达黎加和危地马拉。在关贸总协定乌拉圭回合农产品贸易谈判中，该集团发挥了举足轻重的作用。其原因有二：一是在推动农产品贸易自由化方面与美国的立场相近；一是在考虑实施农产品贸易自由化的过渡办法和期限上与发展中国家的观点相近。前者是由于凯恩斯集团在农产品出口上有着巨大的利益，因此积极主张以交通灯方案制约国内农业支持措施；同意把非关税壁垒转变成关税措施；同意按一定的公式削减农产品关税等。后者是由于凯恩斯集团的绝大多数成员为发展中国家。凯恩斯集团成员国从1986年以来多次举行会议，要求取消农产品出口补贴。美国主张逐步取消补贴，10年以后全部取消。欧洲共同体认为可以采取一些措施改变这种政策，但是不可能全部取消补贴。

在这么长时间取消农业补贴的行动中，新西兰认识到，要尽快解决农业补贴问题，我们还需处理以下几个方面：

1、世界上仍有许多国家困扰农业补贴这项政策，我们应继续拉拢这些保持中立和饱受农业补贴困扰的国家，扩大取消农业税这份力量在世界上的影响力。

2、与支持农业补贴的国家继续进行谈判，表面农业补贴的缺点与对发展中国家造成的不利影响，保证尽快的取消农业补贴。

3、加强国际合作机制，由联合国牵头协调各国解决农业补贴问题，找出解决此问题的关键，正确的联合各个国家，保证各个联合国家的利益。

长期以来，欧洲共同体成员国与美国对农产品出口实行补贴政策，这种贸易保护主义的作法在国际市场上造成供过于求的混乱状况，使其它没有能力给予补贴的农产品出口国，尤其是发展中国家，在国际市场上失去竞争能力，经济上蒙受严重损失。所以新西兰再次呼吁各个国家反对农业补贴，关注发展中国家因农业补贴而承受发展上的损失，以建立国际合作机制来解决农业补贴问题，促进世界人道主义事业的蓬勃发展。

第五篇：mun立场文件

Committee: Model United Nations Conference

Topic:Education for Sustainable Development

Country:Portugal

Delegate:Li Han

Education is the key to promoting the sustainable development and improve peoples ability to solve the problem of environment and development.It is a major force for sustainable development change, and for improving peoples ability to transform social ideals into reality.Education not only provides the scientific and technical skills, but also provide motivation, validation, and social support to pursue and apply to these skills.Everyone has equal right to education.However, on a global scale, current education exists many problems:education popularity is not enough, education gender imbalance, uneven distribution of education resources, education infrastructure is not perfect.In the long term, citizen quality is reduced and population quality gap caused the gap between rich and poor is widening , which will go against three pillars of sustainable development environment, social and economic problems.As a member of the committee, the Portuguese has always attached great importance to the sustainable development of education,improving the national education system.Since the United Nations put forward the concept of sustainable development, Portugal has held consultations on the Sustainable Development Goals.The government of Portugal spends 5.8% of the national GDP on education every year, and implements 12-year compulsory education.Public schools are free from primary to secondary school, and there are plenty of public and private universities.For the average level of education in European countries, 21.9% of the population aged 25-64 is below secondary school age.Portugal, however, more than doubled the figure, to 50.2%.In recent years, a number of relevant ACTS have been adopted, such as Principles and Tools for the Establishment of a Higher Education Region in Europe, On the Development and Quality of higher education, on the Financing of higher education, and on the Assessment of Higher education.For uneven distribution of education resources:

for the developed countries:

Country should increase the training of teachers:education workers, and teachers of basic education and secondary education should be through the higher education course to obtain the appropriate qualifications;the University provides educational training for middle school teachers;.Encourage talents to the backward area scattered.Accelerate setting up resources to rural configuration of incentive mechanism.Guiding elements such as capital, technology, talent and management to the rural gathered themselves together, and encourage college graduates to work in the countryside, Mobilizing talents in science and technology, education, health, culture and other fields to go to the countryside.Encourage more college students and the outstanding teachers to teach at education backward place, providing them with more favorable terms.Promote distance education.For developing countries:

the root cause of uneven distribution of resources lies in unbalanced development.Therefore, to achieve balanced education, the development gap between regions should be narrowed first.Portugal believes that all countries should speed up urbanization and new rural construction, and increase support for rural areas and other backward areas.We should increase support and security for poor areas, build a new countryside, cancel agricultural tax, exempt tuition and miscellaneous fees, establish a new rural cooperative medical care system, a rural minimum living allowance system and a new rural social endowment insurance system, etc.The government could introduce measures to provide student loans to students and increase financial assistance to students from poor families in ordinary universities.To conflict and war, the international crisis, since the outbreak of the 2010 crisis, Portugal is in financial difficulties and school enrolment is falling all the way.It took several years to rectify the situation before it returned to normal.Thus it can be seen that the political and economic environment a country is in and the peace or turbulence of the international community have a direct impact on the education of a country.Portugal called for :

Oppose hegemonism and power politics and respect the right of all countries and peoples to live and develop in their own way.To ease the economic and political crisis, the capitalist countries should moderate macroeconomic regulation and control to avoid overproduction.Raise the consumption capacity of producers, raise the national minimum wage standard, improve and implement the minimum wage system.Socialist countries should strengthen and improve all policies to support and benefit agriculture and strive to increase the income of grain farmers.Substantially increase direct subsidies for grain production, comprehensive direct subsidies for agricultural supplies, subsidies for superior seed varieties, and subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools.Increase the range of wages and incomes of enterprise employees.Uphold the basic principle of opposing willful use or threat of force in dealing with international issues.Increase national defense input in building up the armed forces so that the armed forces of all countries can truly act as a strong backing to protect national interests.Safeguard national sovereignty, security and territorial integrity.For gender equality:

promote equality between men and women.Strengthen the training of female thought and political education to make it clear that women have the political rights.There should be women in the election.Stipulate legal marriage time to reduce early marriage early childbearing.Portugal calls for countries to actively participate in the UN womens agencys activities in conformity with the charter of the United Nations and give financial support.For education infrastructure:

Raise funds through various channels, tap internal potential, save expenditure and open up a wide range of sources of fund.Take the initiative to contact key enterprises, social organizations, well-known people, mobilize them to actively support the cause of education in backward areas.Give play to the regulatory role of the competent educational authorities, integrate educational resources and strive to combine the strong with the weak.The school implements the first-person responsibility system for safety, and implements the safety work responsibility system at different levels.The school should strengthen the safety education of teachers and students and improve their safety consciousness and self-protection ability.Increase central and local government spending to build power, road and gas networks and other infrastructure in poor areas and improve basic public services.To sum up, Portugal actively supports the activities of the United Nations relating to education for sustainable development and the efforts of individual countries for sustainable development, and will carry out bilateral and multilateral exchanges and cooperation with member States in particular.Portugal is confident of the early realization of education for sustainable development, and believes that inclusive and equitable education and lifelong learning will one day be available to citizens all over the world.