金杜-法律英文写作

第一篇：金杜-法律英文写作

法律英文写作最应注意的六个细节

转载自 2014-08-08 金杜说法

作者：金杜律师事务所合伙人 胡梅

如今，律师业务的范围相比从前已经扩大了很多，比如国际投资与贸易、国际争议解决以及为境外客户提供法律环境综合评价的咨询等涉外业务不断增加，因此对中国律师的英语水平和其他综合素质的要求也就越来越高。中国律师要想适应不断开放的法律市场，英语，尤其是英文法律文书的撰写是律师工作中十分重要的内容。

在处理法律事务的过程中，用英文起草文稿，审核英文文件等是涉外法律人士的日常要务。这些看似基础的英语文书工作其实非常凸显律师法律英语的专业素养，而在日常写作中，又有很多常见的细节问题很容易被大家忽略，诸如法条引用、英文缩写、首字母大小写及标点的合理使用等这些所谓的“小”问题。今天，我们将就上述问题提供一些建议，希望能够帮助您将英文法律文书写得更加专业、更加地道。

中国法律的引用

 当在文书正文中引用法律条文时，请注意不要整段整句地全文引用。

 尽可能使用一般描述性语言概括法条，并用脚注进行辅助说明。

这是为什么呢？

因为读者希望能够在短时间内了解法条的大概内容。整段整句地引用法条会降低读者的兴趣，也不会额外提供任何实质性的信息。

正确引用示例：

文章正文：“Chapter VI of the Civil Procedure Law provides the legislative framework for pre-trial evidence collection in China.[FN1] In 1991, the Supreme People’s Court supplemented the Civil Procedure Law by issuing evidentiary rules to guide the management of cases.[FN2]”

脚注：“FN1: See Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, effective on April 9, 1991;amended on October 28, 2007;further amended on August 31, 2012.”

“FN2: See Several Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on the Evidence for Civil Actions, issued on December 21, 2001 and effective on April 1,2002.”

如何正确使用“etc.”

 Etc.是“et cetera”的缩写形式，意为“其他同类事物”。

 常被用来省略不必要全部列举出来的事物。但是只适用于同一种类的事物。如果不属同类则会误导读者。

举个例子，我们可以说“We could use cupcakes, cookies, etc.” 这说明除了杯子蛋糕和曲奇饼干之外，还有其他的甜点可以选择。因此也可以这样表达“We could use cupcakes, cookies, and other kinds of dessert.”

但我们不能说“Bring hamburger buns, paper plates, cupcakes, etc.” 因为汉堡、纸盘和杯子蛋糕并不属于同一类别，读者不知道您想要的到底是什么。

 不要在法律文书中使用“etc.”。

法律文书力求简明精准。“Etc.”的用法比较模糊，界定过于宽泛，并不符合法律写作的要求。

如果您想要表达相同的意思，可以使用“including, among others, „.”这样的句式。

比如下面这句话“Persons who perform public services in State organs are typical State Functionaries.They

include,e.g.,officials,directors,chiefs of bureau,etc.”就可以改为“State Functionaries perform public services in state organs.They include,among others,officials,directors,and chiefs of bureau.”

除此之外，您还可以使用一个一般描述性的词语来结束以上的众多列举。就像这样“They include, e.g., officials,directors, chiefs of bureau,etc.”等同于“They include officials,directors,chiefs of bureau,and other employees with managerial responsibilities.”

首字母大写

 被定义项和专有名词通常需要首字母大写。

比如“London”或“Woolworths Company Limited”。

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 被定义项的每一个词都需要首字母大写。比如“Sinopec Yangzi Petrochemical Company Limited”，介词和连接词除外（“Event of Default”中的“of”就不用大写）。在标题中只需要对第一个词语的首字母大写即可，被定义项除外。标题应写作“Your claim against ABC”而不是“Your Claim Against ABC”。请勿将整个词语全部大写。注意“the Company”不要写成“the COMPANY”。使用序列逗号序列逗号是指直接用在并列连接词（通常是指“and”、“or”或“nor”）连接三个以上事物之前的逗号。比如，“France,Italy,and Spain”（这里使用了序列逗号），而“France,Italy and Spain”（没有使用序列逗号）。逗号可以改变一个句子的意思。“He eats shoots and leaves”和“He eats,shoots,and leaves.”这两句话的意思就完全不一样。这是一个关于标点的笑话，原文的意思是“熊猫主食竹笋和竹叶”。而第二句多了两个逗号则变成“熊猫吃了东西，开枪射击之后又离开了”。意思完全改变了。序列逗号使得句意更加清楚。

例句：“She took a photograph of her parents,the president and the vice president.”

“She took a photograph of her parents,the president,and the vice president.”

第一句容易被误解为“她为她的父母——正副主席拍了张照片。”其实句子的正确意思应该是“她为她的父母和正副主席一起拍了张照片。”

如果并列连接词“and”和“or”无前置逗号的话，就会理解为将所列举的各个单独部分连接起来。

例句：“He ordered scrambled eggs,whisky and soda and a selection from the trolley.”

这句话的意思是“他在路边的小吃摊上点了一份炒鸡蛋，一杯威士忌和苏打和一份套餐”。这个句子少了一个序列逗号，就会产生误解。我们不清楚他到底是“点了一杯威士忌和一杯苏打”，还是“一杯威士忌加苏打”，后者在英美也非常常见。

而加上一个序列逗号后就十分清楚了，“He ordered scrambled eggs,whisky and soda,and a selection from thetrolley.他点的就是“一杯威士忌加苏打”。

在新闻报道中通常会将序列逗号省略，但我们作为法律文件写作者，作为专业领域的作者，就要力求清晰严谨。

一位杰出的美国法律学者曾说过，“是否使用序列逗号引起了大家的广泛讨论。但毫无疑问的是，只要使用了序列逗号，就一定会避免不必要的误解。”

请勿使用“and/or”

 示例：“The Liquidated Damages apply if Party Amaterially breaches its obligations under the Tolling agreement and/or IP Licensing Agreement.”

这个句子想要表达什么呢？大意应为“当甲方违反了《设施使用协定》或《知识产权许可协议》两者中的任意一个或同时违反时都要支付违约金。

而”The LDs apply if Party A breaches the Tolling Agreement or the IPLicensing Agreement.“这句话表达的是相同的意思。但是这样表述起来就更加清楚，其实也可以这样表述”TheLDs apply if Party A breaches one or the other or both agreements.“

 如果您想要表达“X或Y，或者两者都包括”，可以写成“X or Y”。“or”本身就有包括的意思，除非文中对此做出了其他说明。

那么，“or”该怎样使用才是表达“不包括”的意思呢？（意思就是“or”表示为“X或者Y，不同时包括两者”）这时，我们应该使用“either”，这样就可以理解为“X或者Y”的意思。

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示例：”He will eat either brownies, cake, or pie." 意思就是他只会在布朗尼，蛋糕和派中间选择一样，不会都选。

合理使用“kindly”和“please”

 使用“please”就已经能足够表达礼貌之意，不必使用“kindly”。

请尽量避免如下表达：“Please kindly provide your comments by„,”或是“Kindly provide your comments by„.”其实说成“Please provide your comments by„.”就已经非常得体了。

相信文中提到的六个问题应该是您在法律英文写作中经常会遇到的，对您是否有所启发？细节决定成败，一个力求精准专业的小细节在工作中也许就会达到事半功倍的效果。

第二篇：金杜2013试题

金杜2013试题

闭卷考试，共三个小时，中间会被叫出去面试，笔试共三个部分，第一部分是案例，两道大题，每答题三小问；第二部分是英翻中；第三部分是中翻英。

第一道案例大意是一个公司的董事兼高管，致使公司内的财务主管共同通过虚报发票的方式密下公司150万，财务主管单独利用职务之便密下公司10万。

1.共同犯罪的构成要件。

2.自首的要件

3.分析案件的法律关系和刑事责任。

第二道案例大意是国有企业管理人员利用职务收受贿赂为他人谋取不正当利益，多次为不同事情受贿，包括一个项目，一个安排工作，其中项目公司向他行贿100+万吧，求他安排工作的也是项目公司中的一个人，具体数额记不清了，好像就几万元。此外这个国企管理人员还从其他地方受贿，共计1600多万。事发后委托赵某担任其辩护律师。

1.赵某在侦查期间的权利

2.赵某如何会见这个在押的国企管理人

3.分析案件的法律关系和刑事责任。

第二部分是是CSRC中国证监会2006.5.6日《上市公司证券发行管理办法》的一篇key contents的英翻中。

第三部分是《公司法》第26-28条的中翻英。

祝大家好运~

第三篇：杜金英工作总结

2013-2014学上学期九年级

英语教学工作总结

富裕一中杜金英

一个学期即将过去，忙碌过后终于可以坐下来细数这一学期收获来的经验。这学期，我担任九年一班的英语教学工作，为了更好完成今年的教学任务，我按时上课，积极参加学校组织的各种教学活动，结合本校的实际条件和学生的实际情况，认真备课、听课，及时反思教学，认真研究中考题型，在教学过程中对学生进行考点灌输，使教学有计划、有组织、有步骤、有效率地开展，现对本学期以来的教学工作做以下总结：

一、开学初认真制定了教学计划，明确了教学目的。在新课改的理念指导下，依照教学大纲、教材、学生实际和教育教学规律，制定了学期教学计划。

二、认真备课，做好课前准备工作。备课不充分或者备得不好，会严重影响课堂气氛和积极性，因此我每天花很多的时间来备课，认认真真钻研教材和教法。虽然辛苦，但事实证明是值得的。

三、认真组织好课堂教学。一堂课的四十五分钟，就是一个教师表演技能的阶段。上课时，本着“传道、授业、解惑”的原则，努力提高教学质量，使讲解有条理、清晰、准确、生动。使每堂课学生有所获，努力使学生打好基础，培养能力，发展智慧，培养学生的正确思维方式，养成良好的学习习惯，特别注意调动学生的积极性，加强师生交流，充分体现学生的主体作用，让学生学得容易，学得轻松，学得愉快。在课堂上，根据不同学生设计不同层次的问题，树立学生的自信心，让各层次的学生都得到提高。

四、认真批改作业。坚持布置适量的作业，使学生所学知识得到巩固和提高。布置作业时，坚持做到有针对性，有层次性，形式多样化。

五、认真反思教学。教学这一活动，没有反思的伴随就不会有进步。坚持每次授课后，认真回想，进行反思。

六、做好课后辅导工作。英语学习是语言的学习，因此在课后，对不同的学生进行相应的辅导。从平时的课堂反应，课后交流，作业记录中掌握各个学生的心理状况，抓住他们的特点和个性，有的放矢地与其进行交流，做到按层次、按情况进行辅导。及时给予关怀和关爱。善于发现学生的优点，并给予表扬；积极发现后进生的闪光点，及时给予鼓励，树立他们的自信心。

八、经过一个学期的努力，一部分学生的成绩有所提高，但存在的不足也很多，学生的知识结构还不是很完整，而且无法正确运用所学知识。

总之，在这一学期的教学过程中，我尽力地做好每项工作，其中学到的东西固然不少，但不足之处也很多。在以后的教学工作中，我将不断总结经验，发扬优点，改进缺点，不断探索新的教学方法和教学手段，提高教学质量，做一名合格的人民教师。

第四篇：英文写作

作文（2011年09月网考）

精简作文35篇，有基础的可以背诵以下范文，学会套用，没基础的就用WORD翻译写短句或打印小抄。一篇文章可以套用在多种场合。相同的文章，记忆时只记忆一篇即可

1.My mother（我的母亲）

My mother is a kind and gentle woman.She is very busy from morning till night.As a teacher she works diligently and efficiently.As a mother, she takes good care of me and gives me every comfort.My mother teaches English in a middle school.She loves her students.She treats them with patience and teaches them well.For her excellent qualities and very good teaching results, she is always praised and respected by both her students and colleagues alike.My mother is great indeed, and I always feel proud of her.我妈妈是一位亲切和善的女人。她从早晨到晚都很忙。作为一名教师,她工作勤奋并有效率。作为母亲,她对我关怀备至,给了我所有的安慰。我母亲在一所中学教英语。她很喜欢她的学生。她耐心对待他们并且教好他们。对于她优质的品质和优秀的教学成果,她总是受到赞美和尊重，她也总是称赞她的学生和同事。

我母亲的确很伟大,我总是为有这样的母亲感到自豪。

2.The man I love most in my life（我最爱的人）/ My father（我的父亲）

The man I love most in my life is my father.He is my first teacher and my dear friend.When I was a little child, I used to sit on my father’s knees, listening to his stories.When I was seven years old, I started primary school.I was young, so my father picked me up from school every day.On the way, I told father everything that happened at school.He listened carefully and always smiled happily.He is always proud of me.I’m sure my father’s love will lead me to my success and I will love him forever.我生命中最爱的这个人是我的父亲。他是我的启蒙老师,我亲爱的朋友。当我还是个小孩子的时候,我常常坐在父亲的膝盖,听他讲故事。

当我七岁时,我开始上小学。因为小，所以父亲每天接送我放学。在路上,我告诉父亲在学校所发生的一切事情。他听得很认真,总是高兴地笑着。他总是以我为荣。我相信父亲的爱能让我获得成功,我将永远爱他。

3.My beloved grandparents（我亲爱的祖父母）

My grandparents are important people in my life.I was brought up by them when I was young.My parents used to work in another city.It was my grandparents who took care of me.My grandmother cooked delicious food for me and taught me how to read and write.My grandfather sent me to school and picked me up every day.My grandmother is now 75 years old and my grandfather is 76 years old.They are now living near us.They are always proud of me.Now it’s my turn to take good care of them.I love my grandparents so much.在我的生命中我的祖父母是很重要的人。我小时候是他们养育的。我的父母曾经去另一个城市工作了。这时候就由我的祖父母照顾我。我的奶奶煮好吃的食物给我和教我如何读和写。我的祖父每天骑车送我到学校。

现在我的祖母75岁了,我的祖父是76岁。他们现在住在我们附近。他们总是以我为荣。

现在轮到我了,我要好好照顾他们。我非常爱我的祖父母。

4.My best schoolmate（我最好的同学）/ My Classmates（我的同学）

Liu Kai is my schoolmate.He is a good student and always ready to help others.One day on his way to school, he saw a little girl crossing the road when a car nearly hit her.Just then Liu Kai rushed up to her and caught her by the arm.The little girl was saved.She told him where she lived, and he took her home.When Liu Kai hurried into the classroom, the teacher had already begun lesson.He told the teacher why he was late.He was then praised for what he had done.刘凯是我的同班同学。他是个好学生并乐于助人。一天在他上学的路上，他看见一个小女孩过马路，当时一辆汽车差点撞到她。就在那时，刘凯冲到她跟前用双臂抱起了她。小女孩得救了。她告诉他住的地方，然后他就把她送回家了。当刘凯急匆匆地赶到教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。他告诉老师他迟到的原因。然后他就因此受到表扬了。

5.My teacher of English（我的英语老师）/ My Teacher in High School（我的高中老师）My Teacher / A(good)teacher to remember（我的老师/难忘的老师）

My English teacher(in high school)is Miss Huang.She is a beautiful lady.There is always a smile on her face.Miss Huang likes singing.She is good at playing the piano.In the evening, she always sits in front of the piano and plays nice music.She is a good dancer, too.Sometimes she teaches us dancing.Miss Huang likes dogs very much because the dog is very friendly and cute.Her favorite color is blue, because blue is the color of the sky and the sea.She is my favorite teacher.Our classmates all like her very much.我的英语老师（高中）是黄老师。她是一位美丽的女士。她脸上总是挂着笑容。黄老师爱唱歌。她擅长于弹钢琴。晚上她总是坐在钢琴前，弹奏动听的音乐。她也是一个好的舞者。有时她教我们跳舞。黄老师非常喜欢狗因为狗友好又可爱。她最喜欢的颜色是蓝色，因为蓝色是天空和大海的颜色。

她是我最喜欢的老师，我们的同学都很喜欢她。

6.(My)School life（我的学校生活）(同my first year in college大学生活的第一年)/ My Study Plan(学习计划)

English study was the most important thing in my school life./（in my first year in college.）In order to study English well, I make a study plan.I would like to share my study plan with you.First, remember 20 new words everyday, and never give up.Second, go over the grammar points I have learnt in English class regularly.Third, read an English article in China Daily every day.Fourth, write an English composition every week and ask teacher to revise that for me to improve the writing level.Through these ways, I have made a lot of improvements in English.英语学习是我学校生活/（大学一年级）最重要的事。为了学好英语，我制定了学习计划。我愿意

和你分享我的学习计划。第一、每天背 20 个生单词，从不放弃。第二、定期复习英语课上学习的语法知识。第三、每天阅读一篇《中国日报》的英语文章。第四、每周写一篇英语作文，并让老师修改，以此来提高英语写作水平。通过以上办法，我英语学习有了很大进步。

7.How to learn English well?（如何学好英语？）/My english study（我的英语学习）本篇内容与上篇内容基本一致，学会套用。

English is always my favorite subject and I am good at English.I would like to share four good studying habits with you.First, remember 20 new words a day, and never give up.Second, go over grammar points I have learnt in English class regularly.Third, read an English article in China Daily every day.Fourth, write an English composition every week and ask teacher to revise that for me to improve the writing level.If you do things above, I am sure your English will also be improved.英语是我最喜欢的科目，而且我英语比较好。我想和你分享四条好的学习习惯。第一，每天记忆20个生单词，永远坚持。第二，复习定期在英语课上学到的语法点。第三，每天坚持阅读中国日报的一篇文章。第四，每周写一篇英语作文，请老师批改以提高写作水平。如果你做到了以上几点，我相信你的英文一定会有所提高的。

8.Why I study English?（我为什么学习英语?）/ 或者:Why do students like learning English?(为什么学生喜欢学习英语？)Why I Like Learning English(为什么我喜欢学英语)

Why do I study English? /(Why do students like learning English?)Firstly, English is very useful.English is the most widely used language in the world.If we make a visit to foreign countries or do business with foreigners, we need to communicate with them in English.Secondly, with China becoming stronger and stronger, we have more chances to go abroad.We can know the English-speaking countries much better if we know English.Both China and English-speaking countries have realized the importance of the culture exchange.Above all, English is useful and important, we must master English.我为什么喜欢学英语呢（学生们为什么喜欢学习英语）？ 首先，英语有用。英语是世界上应用最广泛的语言。如果我们去国外旅游或者和外国人做生意，我们就需要用英语和他们交流。其次，随着中国越来越强大，我们有更多出国机会。如果我们懂英文，就可以更深刻地了解英语国家。中英文国家都已经意识到文化交流的重要性。总之，英语既实用又重要，我们必须学好英语。

9.Self-study（自学）/How to achieve success of distance learning（如何在远程学习中获得成功）

As adult students in Shanghai TV University, self-study becomes very important.According to me, there are several pieces of tips of self-study.First, I always make a study plan in the beginning of a new semester.Second, preview every unit before the lesson.Third, try to finish the homework after class.Fourth, go over what I have learnt in class regularly at home.Without review, you will absolutely forget what you’ve learnt as quickly as possible.So reviewing is helpful in understanding and memorizing what you’ve learnt.作为上海电大的成人学生，自学很重要。对我来讲，我有下列自学方法。第一，我总是在学期初制定好学习计划。第二，课前预习每个单元。第三，课后完成作业。第四，定期在家里复习所学过的知识。不复习，你绝对会很快忘记学过的知识。所以，复习在理解和记忆所学知识方面很有帮助。

10.My expectation of the long-distance education（我对远程教育的期望）

Now, I am a student in Shanghai TV university, in other words, I am a distance learner.I have a lot of expectations on my distance education.Firstly, I hope to improve my spoken English.I

work in a foreign invested company.My boss is a foreigner.I need to talk with him in English every day.So I would like to improve my spoken English very much.Secondly, I hope to improve my English writing ability.I need to receive and answer emails in English every day, but I don’t know many English words.These above are my expectations of the long-distance education.现在我在上海电大学英语。换言之，我是一名远程学习者。对远程教育，我有许多期待。第一，我希望可以提高我的英语口语。我在外企上班，老板是外国人，每天我都需要和他用英语交谈，所以我非常想要提高英语口语。第二，我希望提高英语写作能力。每天我都需要收发英语邮件，我词汇量不大。以上这些是我对远程教育的期望。

第五篇：英文写作

写作

大学英语B

一、Help Me to Buy a Spoken English Book

1.介绍你的近况。

2.请他帮你买本英语口语书。

3.欢迎他方便时来访。

答案：

Help Me to Buy a Spoken English Book

Oct.16, 2007

Dear Li Hua,It's long time since we haven't seen each other.I miss you very much.How's everything going on with you？I am busy preparing PETS 4.I was wondering if you could help me buy PETS 4 English oral textbook published by the Beijing Press, because the books were sold out here.Drop in when you are free.I often think of those happy days we spent together at university.Please let me know as soon as possible once you get the book.My best wishes.Yours,Wang Lei

二、Bad Manners in Public

1.列举人们在公共场所的不良现象。

2.对其中某一种现象陈述你的看法，并简单说明理由。

答案：

Bad Manners in Public

Although we consider ourselves as highly advanced beings living in a civilized society, bad manners can still be found here and there.For example, some cyclists run the red traffic lights, many passengers litter waste papers and plastic bags in public places, and some tourists scrabble in tourist attractions, let alone spit on the street.In the cinema, some audience talk loudly on cell phones in front of others.三、My Opinion on Cell PhonesI'm strongly against talking loudly in the cinema, for this behaviour shows no respect at all to others;what's worse, it upsets the audience who are in the mood of having fun.1．使用手机的好处；

2．使用手机的弊端；

3．我的看法。

答案：

My Opinion on Cell Phones

Cell phones do play an important role in people's daily life, but every coin has two sides.To start with, a wireless mobile phone is convenient for the user at any time to contact others.Secondly, it's a helpful companion.With a multifunctional cell phone in hand, one can easily surf the net, downloading what he needs.However, the cell phone has many disadvantages.For one thing, the machine itself is very expensive and its local service is very costly, not to mention its global service.For another, the radiation transmitted from the mobile phones might do harm to the user's health.四、My Favorite TV Program

1.你最喜欢什么电视节目？

2.你为何喜欢这种电视节目？

答案：

My Favorite TV Program

The News Broadcast is my favorite TV program.This has become a part of my life because almost everyday I turn on the TV at7:00 pm, watching CCTV 9 news program.Watching the daily news brings me the following benefits.Firstly, it develops my good language skills, proper pronunciation and greater knowledge and understanding of news around the world.Secondly, watching TV news as a family opens a stage for discussion between family members on a wide variety of topics.What's more, sharing the news helps kids better understand the world they live in, helps them learn more on different views and on how to act or respond to tough situations if they face it.All in all, watching the news program is informative, communicative and instructive.五、Can Money Buy Happiness?

1.不同的人对金钱能买来幸福观持有不同观点。

2.我的观点。

答案：

Can Money Buy Happiness?

Can Money Buy Happiness? The answer varies among people.Some believe that money is In my opinion, with its expenses being reduced sharply, its development will have a brighter future.Therefore its advantages will far outweigh its disadvantages.the source of happiness, because money provides food for the hungry, medicine for the sick, and clothes for the needy.While others hold that money is the root of evils, because it is the devil of money that drives a person to lie, cheat, steal, and, worst of all, to murder.In my opinion, money is essential to being well-off, but not necessarily to well-being.Happiness is a state of mind, not something that can be bought.All in all, happiness is less a matter of buying what we want than a wanting what we have.六、The Digital Products

1.如今数字化产品得到广泛的使用，例如……。

2.数字化产品的使用对人们生活所带来的影响。

答案：

The Digital Products

Nowadays, digital products are enjoying growing popularity among people.Take me for example, the first thing I do after waking up is switch on my cell phone to check my text messages and read the latest news.Then listen to music on my iPod on my way to school.At the end of the day, I enjoy watching TV programs, or surfing the net.Why are we so fond of those digital products? The answer is simple.They are doing us good---making our lives comfortable and convenient.These two key factors represent the trend of new inventions of modern age that brings in the wide use of digital products.七、写作

Instructions:建议你在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。

上星期天你打电话叫Jack和你去公园。在公园你们看见……，你们玩得很高兴。get up late;call;get to;many people;do exercise;read;lake;fly

答案：

Last Sunday, I called Jack to go to the park with me.I got up late.We got to the park near our school on foot.We saw many people there.Some old people were doing exercise.Some middle-aged couples were dancing.Some young people were reading.The park was big and there was a large lake in it.It was such a beautiful day.Some children were flying kites.Jack and I also joined them.It was so much fun.We enjoyed ourselves very much.八、写作

Instructions:建议你在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。

内容提示：假如你叫张琳，你昨天（4月7日）在放学回家的路上发生了交通事故，你从自行车上摔了下来，被好心人及时送到了医院，医生叫你卧床休息三天，特此请假（ask for a sick leave）

要求：

1、请根据以上内容，向班主任张老师写一张请假条；

2、以第一人称写，不能逐字翻译；

3、词数80左右。

答案：

To: Mrs.Zhang, Head teacher

From: Zhang Lin

Date: 7th, April

Subject: Sick Leave

Mrs.Zhang,I would like to know if I could ask for a sick leave of absence from April 8th to 10th.Yesterday I had a car accident on my way home.I was riding a bicycle to turn right when a motorcycle suddenly rushed towards me.I was hit by the motorcycle and fell down from the bike.The driver disappeared soon.Luckily, some warm-hearted women sent me to the nearby hospital.I had bruises on my arms and legs, but my bones were not hurt.The doctor asked me to lie on bed for three days.Therefore, I ask for a sick leave for three days.九、写作

Instructions:建议你在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的英文通知。

明天（星期五）全班同学将去参观科学博物馆（the Science Museum），由你（班长）通知全体同学。（通知的开头和结尾已给出）。具体内容如下：

1．早上8点钟在校门口集合，步行前往；

2．参观时要认真听，仔细看，并记下有趣的东西；

3．不可在博物馆内大声喧哗及拍照；

4．携带钢笔和笔记本；

5．下星期一交一份有关参观的报告。

要求：1.不要逐句翻译；2.词数80个左右。

答案：

Fellow students,Thank you!