考研英语掌握写作160篇技巧

第一篇：考研英语掌握写作160篇技巧

考研英语掌握写作160篇技巧

学英语并无捷径和秘诀可寻。但是经验告诉我们，总有些技巧和方法可以对学习有些帮助。

1.由词到句的熟练应用

词是句子的基本单位。在学习英语的过程中，加强词汇方面的训练。在每个单元以及每一课的内容中，都会有很多单词、词组、性惯用语和句型，坚持熟记，并将其以“造句式”的形式简单地应用于成句中，日积月累，机会有很大的进步和成效。

2.由句到段的逻辑结构

5中句型的基本结构是英语句式的框架。无论简单句还是复杂句都是由5中基本句式而来。所以，熟练应用句式结构，将句子成段式的组合、编写，从最基本的小作文开始着手，例如写一份通知、请假条、感谢信、祝贺性之类的短文，为成文奠定写作基础。

3.由段到文的行文规律

每一个词汇是文章的基本元素，每一个句段是文章的组成部分，那么，每一篇文章的写作要求就是这篇文章的核心部分。所以，每着手一篇作文，首先要关注它的写作要求，其次在脑海中构思它的形式结构和逻辑结构，另外还得注意成文词汇及其语法的正确使用，选择最恰当的作文形式模板，最后以最合理的措词和清晰的思路完成写作。

4.结合课本，进行各种题材的强化训练

一般情况下，课本里的写作训练都是考试概率最高、也是最全面的。所以，在课本里的每一篇作文题型都得认真进行各种题材的模仿、训练，并从中总结人家的写作技巧和规律。

5.抄写、背诵课文及默写经典范文

抄写或是背诵课文不仅增强了语感，也是提高写作水平的一种方法。在背诵或抄写的过程当中，就会潜移默化地吸收了他人的写作方式，并且有朗朗上口的精美句段就会默记于心。默写经典范文亦是如此，只是更好的一点事，默写会从句型、语法、结构、逻辑、词性词意等全方位的进行分析记忆和自我详解。每一次考试中，英语都是不可小觑的一笔分值。也是获得高分的财富。在很多考试中，有很多基础差的同学都会放弃最后的英语写作。在他们看来，这就是一个硬性的考试，必须实打实地书写，硬着头皮也琢磨不出一个可以动笔的开头。其实，不论是学习英语还是提高阅读以及答题能力，我给大家推荐写作160篇，它是一本非常有针对性的英语写作模板，内容丰富，涵盖各种题材、类型的篇章，按照重要程度分类解析，词汇句式段落逐层总结。总而言之，学习英语关键是要注意对学习英语语言思维进行多方位、多角度的训练：要采取各种方法训练英语语言思维的广阔性、深刻性、发散性和创造性；要学会用英语思考问题、回答问题；要从训练形象思维开始，逐步过渡到抽象思维训练；在学习的过程中要尽可能用英语，消除汉语思维的影响；要努力创设良好的英语环境，在英语交际中发展英语思维能力。

第二篇：考研英语高分考生心得：备考掌握四大技巧

考研英语高分考生心得：备考掌握四大技巧

众所周知，考研是人生的一次重新洗牌和重大机遇，而在考研的四门课程中，英语成了许多考生前进征途上的一只凶猛拦路虎和十分困难的羁跘与障碍。作为一过来人，在这里跟大家交流一下英语复习的心得。

技巧一：看懂

阅读理解其实主要考的是 “阅读 ”之后的 “理解 ”，所以，看得懂乃是第一项技巧。任何一篇文章，若要能看懂它，至少需要两个条件：认识单词和看明白句子。单词就像盖房的砖瓦，考研词汇大约为 5500个，这不是一个小数字，也并非三两天时间可以记住的，所以，考生必须先买一本考研英语词汇书进行系统、长期的学习和记忆。（推荐《读真题记单词》，该书打破了传统考研词汇书按字母顺序排序的做法，而是采用历年真题作为单词出现频率的统计依据，将所有大纲单词及超纲单词按照历年真题出现的频率从高到低排列，而且全部按照考过的不同词义配不同的真题例句，可以使学生用最少的时间获得最好的学习效果）。

拿到词汇书之后，首先用大约一周的时间把这些单词中你根本不认识的挑出来，如 rear，tedious，deteriorate，plausible，jargon，isotope，„„，（因为这些单词你可能完全不认识，看到之后两眼漆黑，所以称之为 “黑 ”字）。“黑 ”字是阅读的头一个障碍，单词不认识，句子当然看不懂，所以，消灭 “黑 ”字是当务之急。（争取用一个月左右的时间消灭它们！）

考研词汇中，除 “黑 ”字外，还有大量意思非常明白的所谓 “白 ”字，如： able，benefit，culture，space，topic，„„。此类单词可一掠而过，除 “黑 ”（完全不认识）和 “白 ”（完全明白）字两类外，还有许多似会不会的 “灰 ”字，如： treaty，tutor，sample，saddle，fuss，„„。甚至还有大量你觉得会但其实并非如此的 “灰 ”字，如： spring 除了 “春天 ”之外，还当 “泉水 ”、“弹簧 ”讲;account除了 “帐户 ”，还作 “原因;理由;解释;说明;报告;占 „„”解。affect除了 “爱，深情 ”之外，还有 “对 „„发生作用 ”之义。背诵单词时，一定要多看词汇书中所给的例句才能牢记其意义。

技巧二：选题

看懂文章之后，还有一个如何选题的问题，所以第二项技巧是选题问题。

众所周知，读完文章之后就要对文章后面的问题作出选择：是选 A呢？还是选 B、C？还是选 D？许多考生说，文章有时看懂了，题就是选不对。其实选题也是大有技巧的，阅读的问题基本上分为五大类：

1.主旨题（又称中心思想题）：这类题基本上是问 main idea，或 best title是什么；也可以问作者写此文章的 purpose何在；或问此文的 conclusion可总结为什么。碰到这类题最简单的方法是把文中每段的首句串起来考虑。若是仅问其中某一段的中心思想为何，则可将该段的首、尾句加起来考虑。

2.词汇题（又称词语释义题）：这类题常问考生一些不认识、从未见过的一些生词或词组的意思是什么。解题技巧为参考上、下文，尤其是下文。因为下文常常是对该词的解释、说明、举例等等。

3.作者态度题：常问作者对某事是什么态度：主观（subjective）还是客观（objective）;肯定（positive）还是否定（negative）;赞成（approval）还是反对（opposition）等等。解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。若用褒义词，显然是赞成。若用贬义词，显然是反对。若客观陈述，则是中性的立场，不偏不倚。注意：作者态度常常在转折词后表明出来。所以，but一词至关重要（还有类似的 yet，however，although，nevertheless等）。

4.推理性问题：其典型词有两个： infer和 imply。如： What can you infer from the story?

或 What is the implied meaning of this sentence?

切记，推理性问题原文中没有现成的答案。答案是你自己推想出来的，但不能凭空瞎想，必须以原文中某句话或某个词语为依据去合理推测才能找到合适的答案。

注意：以上四种题型顶多占阅读理解考试总分的 1/4左右，而其他约 30分的题都属于以下提到的：细节性问题！

5.细节性问题：（声明：本书中没有指出题型的，大多为细节题）

此类题占阅读总分 40分中的 30分左右，因此十分重要。注意，这类问题与推理性问题截然相反，都可以从原文中找到答案，只不过为了迷惑考生，常常将原文进行改写，换一种说法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而与原文意思相同的，才是正确的。

除了将文章看懂，把题目选对之外，阅读理解还有两个非常重要的注意事项：速度与步骤。

技巧三：速度

大家都知道，仅仅把题选对是不够的，因为考试还有时间的限制。（你就算选对，每篇文章花一个小时那能行吗？！）记住，考试总共180 分钟，四篇阅读最多占70 ~80 分钟（即17 ~20 分钟一篇），其余时间还要写作文、做翻译、英语知识运用等。

那么，对于速度过慢的考生，我提出以下几个建议。

第一、加大词汇量，这样读起来才会势如破竹，一气呵成。若生词太多，自然会磕磕跘跘，走不了太快。

第二、阅读中最忌讳的是一个字一个字地去读，那样又慢又差。正确的方法是用眼去抓句子的大致结构（叫意群阅读法）。

第三、考研是一场艰苦卓绝的拼搏。考研英语又比四、六级要难，所以保持头脑清醒和旺盛的斗志也至关重要。因此，考试前一天晚上的充足睡眠十分重要，可以在考场上保持敏锐、清醒的头脑，这对提高速度和专注精力大有裨益！

技巧四：步骤

阅读的步骤也十分重要。许多考生拿到文章之后从头读起，读完再去一个一个选答案。这种方法十分传统，叫整体阅读法。其优点是可以有一种全局感或整体感。缺点是文章太长，读后细节记不住，再去找答案又费劲又容易出错，许多细节都混淆在一起了，得分经常不高。宫老师建议同学们用一下主旨阅读法：先读题目，找出一些相关信息，读完第一段就做第一题。然后看第二个问题问的什么，带着这个问题去看第二段，然后是第三段、第四段，依此类推。主旨式阅读法虽然把文章看得支离破碎，但得分往往很高，因为你刚看一段就去做一道题，这样记得住细节，抓得很准，广大考生不妨一试！

在开始研究历年真题阅读理解之前，有一件特别重要的事必须提醒广大读者：要使自己的阅读水平真正提高，必须先做题，后看答案和解析。如果顺序倒过来，阅读水平丝毫得不到提高。做题时间为一篇文章 17至 20分钟，Part A四篇文章时间控制在 70~80分钟。下面，以最近考过的 2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题中的阅读理解题为开篇，请同学们以这几篇真题阅读文章为练习，在规定的时间内，检测自己的真实水平。无论做的结果如何，都保持一种从零开始的心态，认真研读此书，一定会获益匪浅！

第三篇：2014考研英语作文写作需掌握哪些要点

2014考研英语作文写作需掌握哪些要点？

考研英语学习想向来是大部分学生的一个瓶颈。很多考生总是会感觉对英语的学习没有头绪，无所适从。即使已经掌握了大量的词汇、语法、句法，对英语整体的理解依旧是学得平淡无味，甚至产生了心理障碍——会有害怕、恐惧甚至厌恶的反应。其实，这都是学习中的正常现象。就像我们哪一门课程学得不好，无论怎么努力就是转不过这个弯，以至于对这门课程的老师都有了一定的心理因素产生，甚至会影响一辈子。那么，如何提高英语作文呢？什么样子的英语作文才能得到阅卷老师的肯定取得较高的分数呢？下面就让考研1号的老师们告诉我们考研英语作文在复习的过程中，需要注意哪些呢？

一、内容切题。内容切题是考研英语作文的一项最基本的要求。我们可以总结160篇的写作从以下几个方面入手：认真审题；注意安排和设计段落；根据文章的中心思想，确定各个段落的主要内容和主题句。同学们在练习中，认为还应注意总结归纳一些常用的句式，形成自己的模板。要求考生切忌将记忆里比较熟悉的句子生拉硬搬，否则会使作文结构松散，意思不明确，甚至会偏离主题，给人胡乱堆砌的感觉。

二、表达清楚。要求考生的文章要做到文字连贯、表达清楚，要做到文字连贯，文章各段落就必须根据提纲所确立的不同主题句进行展开，而且要求各段落的主题句将段落的各个部分紧紧连接在一起，完整而流利地表现出段落所要表现的思想，认为这样使读者能够轻松地理解段落中各部分以及段落之间的联系，进而明白你所要表达的意思。

三，句式有变化。初学写作的同学，由于对英语写作没有信心，通常不敢大胆地使用自己已经掌握的语言基础知识，包括英语句法知识。结果整篇文章都是以主语、谓语、宾语句式为主的简单句子，认为文章也因此显得刻板，毫无生气。实际上，认为和汉语一样，英语的句子结构也是丰富多彩，变化多样的，同样的一个意义可以用多种句子结构来表达。所以建议考生适当的运用一些复合句会给你的文章增色添彩。

四、正确的句子结构和恰当的词汇。句子结构和用词正确要求在写作中使用正确的句子结构，选择恰当的词汇，首先要勤学多练。尤其在练习写作的初始阶段，要勤查语法书和字典，常用词和短语进行背诵记忆，扩大词汇量，拓展知识面。另外，要求考生深刻理解所背词语的内在含义，并了解他们所使用的语言环境。复习备考时，建议考生请务必认真阅读关于写作方面的论述，模仿并熟记一些常用的过渡词和英语句型，以及一些英语范文，并切忌自编自造汉语式的英语句式和词组，认为那样容易养成不良的写作习惯。最后，要求一定要注意使用学习过的，比较熟悉有把握的句式和词汇，这样会提升你的准确率。

五、卷面整洁。特别强调，写作属于主观性测试，阅卷人对答卷印象的好坏会直接影响到考生的分数，而且研究生入学考试英语写作的阅卷采用的是总体评分的方法，阅卷人员就总体印象给出奖励分，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分，因此，建议大家在复习中，也要特别注意卷面的整洁，注意养成良好的写作习惯

以上五个方面是写好任何一篇英语作文的必需。我们不仅要仔细地领会，还要慎重地对待和学习，不能一味地寻找学习英语写作的方法却一味地得不到任何收获。方法和技巧其实是有很多的，而最关键的是要找到最合适自己的，而以上五点无论任何人都得做注意的，这是客观的得分方法，而主观的摄取和舍得就得看个人的态度和复习的进度了。当然，这些要素的具备并不是通过短期的训练就可以具备的。另外，你也可以参照160篇的写作题材进行训练或者模仿。但是大家一定要相信：只要坚持，肯定就会有所收获！

第四篇：考研英语写作

高分范文展示：

The global economy, who is sleeping over that stretcher, like a helpless-sick wreck, is being practiced emergency treatment by worldwidebanking systems, which are trying their best to save the market intensively by cooperation.Conspicuously, that’s a horrible depiction related to/concerning the the world.the top of the list which should never be overlooked.First of all, , as the case of would make its comeback every 10-30 years on the average, so would this time.Furthermore, the overestimation of economic prosperityhas resulted in a great multitude of foams/bubbles in the securities and the realties.gues, who made use of installment policy to speculate in real estate industry, thus, only spending 30% of totally-needed funds in possessing 3 apartments, with the aggregate price over RMB 2 million.Actually, it is not the Day of Judgment.What we are glad to see is the keyword – “cooperation”and we will surely get through this tough period before long.好句写法：把句子拉长→加修饰：

(1)n.+ who/which/that… 加从句

e.g.Many peopletakeseriously the lifestyle of chasing for luxuries.那些把一个人拥有财产的数量当作评判其社会地位的唯一标准的人们，会很重视追逐奢侈品的生活方式。

(2)n./句子结尾 + v.-ed(en)(被动)/ v.-ing(主动)加分词（定语后置）

e.g.youngsters, ranging from/who range from 20 to 30 years old ranging fromwith研究发现，和十年前的5%相比，现在有近24%的年轻白领表示不清楚自己想要什么。

(3)n.+ with + n.(修饰语)加限定词

e.g.A pretty girl → a girl with an angel-like face and a fairy-like figure

e.g.Nowadays, a lot of riches like buying luxurious autos to show/display their success and existence.当今，很多有钱人喜欢通过买豪车来显示自己的成功和存在。

→These days, withdefined as the typical marks of 句型模仿：

07 阅读text3最后一段：

From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholescale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.* Looks far less like… a good deal more like… 看起来不像是……而更像是……

模仿→05大作文：养老足球赛

From our conscientious and clear-minded perspective, much of this behavior, undoubtedly, looks far less like like a 依据我们的良知，毫无疑问，大多数这种行为并不能提供合理分配赡养老人义务的机会，相反，它更像是一种加剧中华传统美德“尊老爱幼”走向大规模衰败的危险行为

大作文——开头what、中间why/effect、结尾how

What——虚开头（首段首句）

(1)坊间流传多年的所谓经典套话

As can be seen in the picture given above…

→ Asgiven above…

e.g.悲观乐观 man, passion-sufficient and energy-continuous, is climbing upon a ladder to reach to his shining blue print.(2)直接描述

e.g.12002年作文：美国女孩穿着中国传统服饰

There is a beautiful American girl, who is standing over there in a Chinese traditional costume, smiling just like a flower.a Chinese traditional costume.e.g.2 2010年作文：文化“火锅”，既美味又营养

those dishes and cooking ingredients in a Chinese traditional hot-pot, including e.g.2012年作文：悲观乐观 What——[描述+宽泛、宏观的点评]（首段第二句）

It is aa significant information that 主题has been in the spotlight in current society主题 has aroused wide concern at any corner of our social consensus.e.g.家庭成员关系 * 首段第二句和第二段首句应该有一定层次感，首段第二句提出一个观点/现象，第二段首句再将其具体化/细节化，直击中心。

Why/Effect——实开头：（主题句）+ 原因/影响（内部：自身 / 外部：社会、媒体）+ 例子

(1)主题句：

Among the topic concerning主题（抽象）, as the depiction/picture shows, the most cardinal tip is related to the issue of主旨中心思想（具体）.e.g.家庭关系

Among the topic concerning the depiction shows, the most e.g.出国留学人数/考研人数/公务员人数(2)引出原因

Several factors could weigh heavily for the happening of ____, yet, suspended at the top of the list are the following two aspects.To begin with, _____.Additionally, _____.e.g.中国传统文化/美德的缺失(3)引出影响

It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the revolutionary influences(that)the 现象 gives rise

to.To begin with, … Apart from… ,* 表示导致的短语：Contribute to Result in/trigger/induce/spell/invite

* 表示原因：inducement/incentive

e.g.人人考公务员 result in.To begin with, … Apart from … , * Apart from用法：Apart from(mentioned above), …(new information)= Besides, … , Google could owe its success to the brilliance of its founders, Sergey Brin and Larry Page.* 表示归因于：owe/ascribe/attribute… to …

(4)举例子

A good case blowing my mind now is 人/物, who/which …

e.g.慈善/真正的成功

A good case blowing my mind now is a world well-known man, whose name is Bill Gates, industry after his retirement.* 例子不能单独提出，例子前面要有一个论点，或者在例子后面要有一个点评和结论，这样才是一个完整的举例（名人名言也同理）。

How——提出建议（Suggestion）：规则、思想、行为

(1)制定规则：

Lay down/Establish the effective/reliable/available/practical regulations to …呼应主题.（敬老）（保护环境）（留学）

(2)改变思想：

Deliver the moderate 主题词 outlook to guide us both physically and mentally.e.g.Deliver the moderate outlook to guide us both physically and mentally.成功观/生活观/物质观/世界观/知识观/能源观

(3)规范行为：

Exert/Implement/Practice the rational 主题词 manners to live in a much more harmonious/compatible atmosphere/circumstance.circumstance.(4)补充说明方法：名人名言（适用于最后一段提完建议之后）

万能套话：

As a classic saying goes,千里之行，始于足下

应用：提完建议之后

Yet, it is very probable to say without any exaggerationthat depending on the lack of 主题词, many citizens/youths would have immersed in such an extreme condition for a long time.Does it have opportunities for us to make achange ? / Is it possible to make a change? Actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.We will surely handle/optimize/refrain from … as long as the above mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.e.g.养老 Actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.We will surely refrain from as long as the above mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.e.g.奢侈浪费

Yet, it is very probable to say without any exaggeration that depending on the lack time.Does it have opportunities for us to make a change? Actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.We will surely mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.特别讲解：主体段落的展开（第二段）

(1)单向话题：要么褒，要么贬

原因展开：

The factors contributing to… are vastly complex.Some attribute it to ….Others place the blame on / Others place the high value on ….Still the rest complain of/ attach importance to …

e.g.为什么很多年轻人最终会抽烟

The factors contributing to a big rise in are vastly complex.Some attribute it to(2)双向话题

e.g.中国传统风俗习惯的改变是好还是坏

According to my humble perspective, every sword is double-edged.is both positive and negative.To begin with, it goes without denying that the new-changed customs and habits have distinct advantages.On one hand, they On the other hand, they eliminate “culture gap” to Although / Whilebidding farewell to the bygones enjoys considerable merits, it still have their own drawbacks when the following point is taken into account.A good case coming to my mind now isof the Chinese virtues – raising seniors.After all, * 举例子的时候，要实现从手段到效果的跨越（我们要怎么做来达到什么效果）

小作文——Simplified（简明扼要）字数：100-120

* 大作文的套话和模板不能用在小作文中！

* 小作文写作时必须覆盖每个题目要求的要点

(1)Letter——邮件、信件：生活化/接地气

a)邀请信

学术邀请（充满敬意）：

开头：正式邀请（含参会时间和主题）

主体：介绍会议安排

结尾：希望得到正式回复，并确认

Dear Professor ___,It is my great honor to extend you our sincere invitation of an academic forum held on 具体时间 in/at 地点,which focuses on the topic of主题

The forum mentioned above will be arranged as followings.Firstly at 8 a.m.will start the 主题involves.Afterwards, there will be another arrangement, including ___.Then at around 时间, 另一个安排.I really hope you can make it.If it is possible, I would like to ask you for sending me your bank

account, and I’ll pay you 40 percent of the total lecture fees as the deposit.最后期限.落款

范文：

Dear Professor Liu,It is my great honor to extend you my sincere invitation of an academic forum held on Jan.1 in The Nation’s Theatre, which focuses on the topic of Chinese traditional culture.The forum mentioned above will be arranged as followings.Firstly at 8 a.m.will start the opening of the forum, which involves a brief presentation with regard to the prospects as well as plights thatthe promotion of Chinese culture may encounter.Afterwards, there will be another arrangement concerning a micro-movie of the cultural relic exhibition, which will last 15 minutes.Then at 9 to 11 o’clock, you would be highly expected to present us a lecture named “World Needs China”.I really hope you can make it.If it is possible, I would like to ask you for sending me your bank account, and I’ll pay you 40 percent of the total lecture fees as the deposit.Reply, if you please before next weekend.Li Ming,The Supervisor of XXX

b)申请信

学校组织社团评优，要写申请。你是学校创新社（Innovation Agency）的负责人，请你代表你们社参与评优，写一封申请信。

范文：

Dear Sir or Madame,Innovation Agency – “Most Improved Organization Award”.private tools’ rebuilding the living.building to make it accessible/easy to wheelchairs..Yours faithfully,Li Ming

c)回复投诉信（对别人投诉的回复和安抚）：承担责任，尝试挽回

有人投诉你负责的勤工助学中心某学生表现糟糕，部分原文：

I will not use your temporary staff any more for their disastrous performance.范文：

Dear Sir,temporary administration assistant you received from my organization,.We really care about our clients and that is why we will try to give some explanation about what happened.candidate training.work for you.Yours faithfully,Li Mingd)销售信（空格处填入产品名）

Last year, we achieved a 215% increase in the sales of our ______.We believe that this happy state of affairs be attributed to two causes.First, we managed to avoid passing on any part of our increased manufacturing costs to our majestic clients.Second, we believe our designs and colors are the most attractive that we have ever produced.And so we are happy to be able to tell you that our new season’s ____ are, if anything, more persuasive than last year’s and our prices will compare very favorably with those of any of our competitors.We believe that your will agree that our samples prove the truth of our claims.We look forward for you to favor us an order.e)现场笔录证明

You’ve come across a serious crash last night when a taxi heavily knocked down a passerby.Now the police asked you to offer a certificate of witness involving following points:

1.The time and place

2.The process of this emergency

Witness on a Crash

It was 时间 in a 星期 night, 日期, when I was about to enjoy my late snack a first aid to the young and phoned ambulance at once.Signature:Li Ming

(2)Notice——通知、告示

a)失物招领（Lost and Found）：信息要有所保留，不能全部透露

Case: You’ve picked up an ED（电子辞典）

1.Time and place

2.The feature of this electronic dictionary（留一个最大特征来核实对方身份）

3.Your information for contact

Lost and Found

On the evening of 日期regular magazine.of this ED the phone number Sincerely yours,Li Ming

第五篇：考研英语写作

1.图画作文

It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about _______(图画主题)，which is ______________(进一步的说明)。He seems to be saying that_______________(给出细节)。In my opinion，___________(个人阐述)。

This simple picture is a wake up call for ______(所涉群体，如the whole of the human race)。Therefore，it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to _____________(问题所在)。One the one hand，we must _________________(建议一)。It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _________(进一步说明)。On the other hand，________________(建议二)Only in this way can we___________(展望前景)。

2.图表作文

The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(图表主题)。The first thing we notice is that_______________(图表最大特点)。This means that as __________，_________________(进一步说明)。

We can see from the statistics given that _______________(图表细节一)。After ving_________(细节一中的第一个变化)，the _____Ved+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化)。The figures also tells us that_________________________(图表细节二)。(数据位置，如In the second column)，we can see that ____________accounts for _______(进一步描述)。

Judging from these figures，we can draw the conclusion that___________(结论)。The reason for this，as far as I am concerned is that_____________(给出原因)。/ It is high time that we Ved(发出倡议)

各位可爱的同学：

考题为应用文写作，所以要注意：

1.条理清楚，按照下列老师所列每种应用文的格式把内容写完整。

2.可以先用中文把提纲要求包含的信息都写下来，再翻译成英语。这样可以确保不会把应该包括的信息漏掉。

3.不要写错误的单词，宁可用简单易懂的单词代替，注意卷面清洁和工整。预祝大家都考上心仪的学校，制定好复习计划，按部就班，调整好心态好好复习，你的心愿一定能实现，人生该吃苦该拼搏时就要拼搏！各位加油！

一． 祝贺信(Letter of Congratulations)：

祝贺信的写作与普通信件没有什么大区别，但应注意：

1．必须包括对收信人的称谓。

2．必须包括对收信人的祝贺。

3．必须包括写信人的姓名。

4．措词真诚、轻松愉快，切忌言过其实。

Sample:

Dear Guojun，I heard that you graduated with high honors from Southeast University last month.I know that all your family must be very proud of you, and as your friend, I feel the same.I wish you greater and more brilliant success in your studies and work in the future.With best wishes.Yours sincerely，Qi Zi

常用祝贺信用语

1．Warm congratulations on your success in passing the entrance examination to … university.热烈祝贺你考上了……大学。

2．Please accept our sincere wishes for your…

请接受我们对您……的衷心祝愿。

3．I extend my best wishes for your success.衷心祝愿你成功。

4．May each new year bring you new hope.愿每个新年都给您带来新的希望。

二、道歉信(Letter of Apology)

Sample:

May 5

Dear Carole，I am very sorry that I missed your phone call yesterday.I shall be at home tomorrow morning.Would you please call me again?

Sincerely yours，Lisa

道歉信常用语句

1．Please accept my sincere apologies.请接受我们诚挚的道歉。

2．Please accept my sincere apologies for the lateness of my birthday greetings.3．

I am sorry I missed your …

对不起，我错过了你的……

4．I’ve to offer you an apology for not coming to your party.未能参加你的庆祝会，我得向你道歉。

5．Please accept my sincere apologies for…

请接受我对……诚挚的歉意。

Ex.就下述内容写一封道歉信：

你的一位朋友昨天来看望你，你正巧外出未遇，对此你写信表示歉意，并约他明天再过来。

May 5

Dear Tom，I am very sorry that I was out when you called on me yesterday.Could you come again tomorrow evening as I have something important to discuss with you?

Sincerely yours，Lisa 更多例子：

1.因未能践约赴宴致歉 Unable to keep one’s promise

Dear [Miss Nancy]，Much to my regret I was unable to keep my promise to attend your [birthday] party [last Saturday], owing to the fact that my [little son] was suddenly taken ill early [that day].Hoping to see you soon.Truly yours，亲爱的[南希小姐]：

[小儿][上周六]突然生病，因此未能应约赴[生日]宴，殊觉抱歉，希原谅，再见。

祝好！

2.因迟复来信致歉 Because of answering one’s letter late

Dear [David]:

I am afraid that you will think me unpardonably negligent in not having answered your letter dated [7, December] sooner, but when I have told you the reason, I trust you will be convinced that the neglect was excusable.When your letter arrived, I was just in [Hong Kong].As my family could not forward it to me during my absence, it has been, therefore, lying on my desk until the moment when I took it up.Now the first thing I have to hasten to do is to write to you these few lines to express my deep regret.I enjoyed many pleasant sights during my trip.I shall be pleased to give you an account to of them when I see you next.Yours，亲爱的[戴维]：

请原谅我收到您[12月7日]的来信后迟迟未复，现将原因告诉您，相信您一定会谅解的。您的来信到来时，我正巧在[香港]，家人无法及时转递。你的信一直放在我写字台上，直到我回到才看见，拖至今天才回信，深表歉意。

这次出去旅行饱览了许多美丽景色，下次见到您时，将告诉您一切。

祝好！

3.因未能及时还书致歉 Unable to return borrowed book on time

Dear [Kate]:

Excuse me for my long delaying in returning to you your “Robinson Crusoe” which I read through with great interest.I had finished reading the book and was about to return it when [my cousin] came to see me.Never having seen the book, [She] was so interested in it that I had to retain it longer.However, I hope that in view of the additional delight thus afforded by your book, you will overlook my negligence in not returning it sooner.Thanking you again for the loan.Sincerely yours，亲爱的[凯特]：

我迟迟未能归还您的那本《鲁滨逊飘流记》，请原谅。该书我读得津津有味。读完后，正预备归还您时，我的[表妹]来访，见这本书也感兴趣，定要借去一读。为了让别人也能分享您那本书所给予的乐趣，我不能及时归还。我想再延迟些日子奉还，谅您不会介意的。

再次感谢您的慷慨。

祝好！

4.因遗失借书致歉 Because of losing a borrowed book

Dear [Frank]:

I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have lost the valuable book you were so kind to lend me [last week].I read it [everyday] and intended to finish it [next month].[Last night] when I came to my room, it was nowhere to be found.I will try to recover it as soon as possible.If I fail to find it, I will get a new book for you.But I am afraid it can never take the place of the old one.Old books are like old friends.Once lost, they can never be replaced.They are connected with cherished associations which the new ones can never have.And for this irrecoverable loss, I am to blame.I was so careless with my things.This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.Yours truly，亲爱的[弗兰克]：

很抱歉，[上星期]您借给我的那本书竟遗失了。我[每天]都在看，准备[下个月]看完。[昨晚]我回到我的卧室，到处也找不到那本书。我将尽力找到它。万一找不到，我只好买一本新的还您。

但是，新书恐怕不能代替那本旧书吧！旧书跟旧友一样，一旦失去就不能再得。旧书与往事相连，这种不可弥补的损失，皆由我起。我对待一切太大意了，这次给我一个警告，叫我以后要小心。

三、慰问信

慰问信应写得真切，注意措辞，对轻病或者小损失，慰问信应写得轻松一些。相反，对严重病情或重大损失，信就应该写得深沉一些。慰问信写时应注意：

1.写给受伤人的信要简短，中肯。信中不必问询事故发生的过程、原因、见证人等。

2.慰问信中应写一些被慰问者喜欢或熟悉的事物，如病人的爱好、兴趣等，以使病人得到宽慰。

1.向朋友问候 A letter of inquiring after someone’s health

Dear [John]:

I am extremely sorry to hear that your illness, which we had thought was clearing up, has become more serious, and that your have had to go into hospital.Let us hope that it will be for only a very short time, and that you will soon be out and about again.Everybody here sends his best wishes to you for a quick recovery.With kind regards，Yours sincerely，亲爱的[约翰]：

听说你病了，我深感不安。原来我们还以为您的病情有所好转，事实上却反而加重，而不得不住进了医院。但愿这是短时间的，很快不会恢复健康。这里每个人都祝愿您早日痊愈。

特此问候

2.问候朋友的母亲 Inquiring after the health of a friend’s mother

Dear [Mr.Wang]，I felt very sorry indeed when I heard of [your mother]’s illness, and am anxious to know how [she] is of late.Under a separate cover I am sending [her a box of assorted biscuits] with my best regards.Sincerely yours 亲爱的[王先生]：

听说您的母亲身体欠安，深表忧虑。不知令堂近况如何，实为惦念。随信另寄上[什锦饼干一盒]，并致以最良好的问候。

您忠诚的

[吴洋]

3.祝贺朋友病愈 Congratulations on someone’s recovery

Dear [Jane]:

I learn, with very great pleasure, that the illness which has so cruelly caused great anxiety among your relatives and all those who know you has changed for the better and that you are now recovering, for which I therefore desire to congratulate you warmly.I hope that you will soon be completely restored to health.Yours sincerely

亲爱的[简]：

在您患病的这一期间内，亲戚朋友无不为你挂虑，听到你的病已有好转，并已逐渐痊愈，十分快慰，特地向你祝贺。

望你早日完全痊愈。

4.慰问丧偶的朋友 A letter of inquiring to those who lost their husband or wife

Dear [Mrs.Harper]，I would like to express my sorrow at the recent death of your [husband].In the long time it was my privilege to enjoy [Professor of Harper]’s friendship.I found [him] a sincere and helpful associate, with whom it was a pleasure [to work].The knowledge that my thoughts are with you at his time will, I hope, be of some comfort to you.Truly yours

亲爱的[哈珀女士]：

获悉你的[丈夫]最近逝世的消息，深表遗憾。

长期以来，能与[哈珀教授]保持友谊是我的荣幸。[哈珀教授]是一位我最乐于与其一道[工作]的忠实而有帮助的朋友。

但愿我此时的问候，能给您带来一些安慰。

四、传真

传真是通过传真机传递的信函，大多为业务信函。企事业单位都有专用的传真纸，纸上面印有现成的传真格式，拟发传真时按格式填写即可。下面为一种常见的传真格式：

发传真人单位名称、地址=电话和传真号码、电子邮件网址

TO:(收传真人单位)

DATE(发送传真日期)

ATTN:(Attention, 收传真部门或个人姓名)

FAX NO:(传真号)

FROM：(发传真部门或个人姓名)

PAGE(S):(所发传真页数)

RE:(Regarding, 传真内容标题)

(传真信函)：

称呼语：

信体：

客套结语：

署名：

五、请求信

Example 1.1903 Huashan Road

Shanghai 200030 July 8, 1995

Dear Sirs，I wish to enroll your intensive English program before I attend a university in the fall of 1996.Your sending me application materials at your earliest convenience will be greatly appreciated.Sincerely yours，Wang Xiaoping

Example 2.Wang Xiaoping

1903 Huashan Road

Shanghai 200030

July 6,1998

Dear Sirs，I want to pursue a Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering at your university.My intended date of entrance is Spring, 1999.Would you please send me the application forms for admission?

Sincerely yours

Wang Xiaoping

六、布告(Announcement)：布告的写作和便条一样，也比较简单。只要注意以下几点即可：

1．在正文上方的中间位置应该注明布告的性质。2．

正文中简单明了地说明布告的事宜。3．

正文右下方应该注明发布告的单位。4．

发布告的日期可以省略。Sample:

Lost and Found A lady has picked a wrist watch in the shopping center and turned it over to our office.The owner of the wrist watch may come to claim it with his or her identification card.Lost and Found Office

七、(Notice)：英文通知的写作也可采用不同形式。有的是采用句子的形式予以陈述，而有的则只做以简单的罗列。一般应注意以下几点： 1．必须包括notice字样，而且每个字母都应采用大写。

2．内容必须包括时间、地点、事宜和通知对象等。表达须准确，措词也要较正式。

3．必须包括写通知的个人或者单位的称谓，而且一般都放在通知的右下脚。

4．必须包括写通知的日期。

Sample:

NOTICE

May 4, 2003 Mr.Wang, the general manager of Shanghai Golden Palm Computer System Limited Company, will give a lecture on Modern Information Management Model at 6:30 p.m.on March 12.The one-and-a-half-hour lecture will be held in the Multi-media Lecture Room.Students of Information Management are invited to attend the lecture.Information Management Department

Example 拟一张请计算机系的学生于10月5号星期三下午1：30到系会议室听关于环境保护报告的通知。

NOTICE

Oct.2, 2004 All students of the Computer Department are requested to meet in the department conference room at 1:30 p.m.on Wednesday, October5, to hear a report on environmental protection.The Computer Department Office

八．便条 基本写作格式

便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但各类便条必须包括以下几个基本要素；1）Date：便条日期2）Salutation：称呼3）Body：正文4）Signature：署名

样例

收条：即收到钱物之后，给交钱或送物人写张字据，说明已经收到某物，可留作证据。条据上需写明钱物名称和数量、立据人及日期。不得涂改。

Jan.23rd,2003Received from Student, Wang Zihao one hundred yuan only for this months tuition fee.Li ManFor the Finance Office ofForeign Language Institute

欠条；留下字据，表示欠某人某物。条据上需写明钱物名称和数量、立据人及日期。不得涂改。

Sept.16th, 2002Borrowed from the Foreign Language Department Reference Library three books as follows:A copy of History and Anthology of English Literature by Wu WeirenA copy of A Survey of American Literature by Chang YaoxinA copy of World Literature by Jiang Chengen

Wu Zhuo

For the Office of

Social Science Department

留言：用书面留下要说的话。留言涉及的方面很多，包括约会，通知，请求等任何可用便条留下的口信。

TuesdayDear Li,As the Spring Festival is drawing near, Im very glad to invite you to come to a dinner party with several other friends of ours.Im sure we will have a very happy time and enjoy ourselves thoroughly.Would you like to come on time at 5:00 p.m.today, to Room 6 of Lijing Hotel?

Yours always, Jiayang

请假条：往往指由于生病或特殊情况不能亲自当面请假，用假条的形式告假。所以，请假条大多是病假条。可以自写，也可请他人代写。写假条最重要的是说明原因和请假的期限。

Jan.10thDear Ms.Jiang,I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this mornings two periods of English Class due to a bad cold and high fever.Enclosed is a certificate from the doctor who said I must stay in bed for a few days.I will go back to school as soon as I recover.Yours respectfully,Tian Ye

常用句子I shall feel obliged if you will favor me with a call at your earliest convenience.如您方便，请早日来电，我将不胜感激。

Delighted!Will call at 2 p.m.tomorrow.来条收悉，定于明天下午两点拜访。

Encl.: Doctors Certificate of Advice.附；医生证明I shall be bery happy to call at your house at 6:30 this everying.Until then,...我定于今晚6：30去你家，望等候。

Upon receiving this note, please come to my office.见条后，请立即来我办公室。

Mr.Li stands in urgent need of your service.李先生急需你的帮助。

I happen to be in urgent need of 200 yuan.我因有急事，需要200元。

Yours note with an admission ticket enclosed is much appreciated.留言和一张入场券均已收到，不胜感激。

Im very grateful to you for your kind invitation, and Im sure to come to see your concert.承蒙邀请观看你们的音乐会，我一定按时到场。

Please accept this little figt as a small token of my esteen for you.奉上这小小的礼物，以表达我对您的崇高敬意。

结束语I trust my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience.望我的缺席不会给你带来太大的不便。

Please favor me with an early reply.敬请早复。

Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.希望能及早处理此事。

Please give an extension of leave for three days.请准予续假三天为盼。

九、简历(resume)简 历 1 结构要点: 简历是个人经历的书面表达形式，应包含个人信息、教育背景和工作经历。有时还可包含事业目标（objective或career objective）、其他经历（activities）、获奖情况（awards）和特长（special skills）等。举例：Suppose you are going to graduate from the university.Write a resume in about 100 words to apply for a job.Do not use your own name, using “Li Mei” instead.Sample:

RESUME Personal Data: Name:Li Mei Sex:Female Address: Room 602, Dormitory Building 12,Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, 430021 Date of Birth:June 16, 1983 Place of Birth:Zunyi, Guizhou Telephone:(027)87273548, *** Email:angellimei@gmail.com Hobbies:painting, reading, Internet surfing, dancing Foreign Languages:English Objective: To work as a regional sales representative who is responsible for sales activity and coordination Education:

2002 ~ Present Studying at Wuhan University Bachelor of Arts in finance 1999 ~ 2002 Studying at Zunyi No.1 High School 1996 ~ 1999 Studying at Zunyi No.7 Junior High School Work Experience: None Special Skills and Technical Qualifications:

I am professionally trained in finance and economics.In addition to Mandarin, I can speak, write and read English fluently.I had two parttime jobs in Taiping Company and Zhida company, which helped me gain some sales operation knowledge and sales plan-ning experience

简 历

语言注意点: 简历忌过长或用词空泛，提供的信息应有用、如实，编排须整齐有系统。

举例：Suppose you are Tan Wen, English teacher at Taiyuan Institute of Technology.Write a resume in about 100 words to apply for a new job in another city.Sample: Tan Wen Taiyuan Institute of Technology Taiyuan, Shanxi Province telephone:(0351)6523787 Experience 2000 ~ Present Working as a lecturer of English at Taiyuan Institute of Technology Teaching undergraduate(nonEnglish majors)intensive reading, extensive reading, listening, writing Teaching graduate(nonEnglish majors)writing Education 1997 ~ 2000 Studying at Shanghai Teacher's University Master of Arts in American Studies 1993 ~ 1997 Studying at Shanxi University Bachelor of Arts in English Language and Literature 1990 ~ 1993 Studying at Mianyang Senior High School 1987 ~ 1990 Studying at Mianyang No.5 Junior High School Personal Data Sex: Female Date of Birth: June 27, 1976 place of Birth: Mianyang, Sichuan, China Marital Status: Married, without Child Health: Excellent

十、申请信

结构要点申请信是向收信人提出某个请求的信件，包含三个部分： 1． 提出请求； 2． 说明原因； 3． 请求回复并表示感谢。

举例：Write a letter in about 100 words to apply for a scholarship from a foreign university.Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.Dear Sir, I wish to apply for admission to your department as a graduate student.I am writing to ask whether it will be possible for you to grant me a full scholarship.I have just graduated from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics and got my bachelors degree last month.During my four years in the university, I have passed all the compulsory courses of study with high marks.Furthermore, I have chosen a wide range of optional courses such as literary, history and public speaking to widen my horizon and sharpen my mind.My father, a professor of English in Nanjing University, has been teaching me English since I was a child.So I believe I will not have any language difficulties while learning in your country.I would be most grateful if my request receives your favorable consideration.Thank you in advance and look forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 语言注意点申请信开篇应点明主题，语言简练。接着说明做此申请的原因，即自己所具备的申请条件，这一部分需重点明确，论述充分。最后请求回复并表示感谢时，应采用礼貌、诚恳的措辞。

举例：Write a letter in about 100 words to apply for a membership in a community service team.Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.Dear Sir, I have heard that a service team which aims to help the old and the handicapped will be organized in our community.I am very interested in it and want to join the team.I now study in Tongji University and my parents live here.It is known to all that it is a virtue to help others in need.As a college student, I am eager to do something for the society.Helping others is meaningful in that we not only bring others convenience and strength but also gain pleasure and satisfaction ourselves.Therefore, please allow me to join the team.I will certainly try my best.Yours sincerely, Li Ming