高考英语复习重在补差

第一篇：高考英语复习重在补差

高考英语复习重在“补差”

现在，高考考生的英语首先要解决的就是补差。

“补差”就是要补一补自己在历次模拟考试中发现的差距。针对高考英语中常见的几种题型，最近可以具体在以下方面加强。

单项选择在做的时候除了要完成选项、校对答案之外，更重要的是把做对的、填对的题，无论是句子还是对话都要认真地阅读一遍，然后用一个本子或者白纸进行默写、抄写。

完型填空题是高考里最难的一种题，应该练习先看文章本身，后看选项，不要忙着看后面的20个选项，文章从头到尾看一遍，再看填什么词合适。有时候完型填空是阅读理解的一个方面，如果读得很多，知识面很广，做这些题就比较容易。

阅读一般来说先看下面的理解题，然后再去看这个文章本身，这样带着问题去阅读，有目的的阅读。生词多是目前高考阅读材料的一个特点，所以要学会根据上下文来猜测词义。

书面表达的基本原则，是使用尽可能简单的英语尽可能表达尽可能丰富的内容。写作就是说话，如果口语很好，出口就能成章，你落笔亦可成文了，所以口语很重要。写作文之前可以练练复述，把故事复述下来，也可以多看看阅读材料，把材料里面的选题、问答背一背，复述大意。每篇文章背上四句，这样背多了，素材就积累多了。最后动笔写文章时就会手到擒来。

第二篇：高考一百天英语复习

高考的成败，从某种角度来看，并不真正是在高考场上的搏杀，其决战其实是在高考场外，也就是说高三这一年的复习质量决定着高考的成败。

高三英语复习是一项复杂的系统工程，复习得法，将事半功倍，成绩骄人。

高三英语复习首先要扎实系统地掌握足够的基础知识（课本知识和语法知识体系），使新旧知识系统化、条理化；然后迅速把掌握的知识转换成能力，如解题能力、分析能力、知识迁移能力、创新能力。因此，同学们要充分发挥主体作用，讲究策略、方法，使整个高三的英语复习有目的、有计划、有步骤地顺利进行。

在第一阶段复习过程中，同学们要认真学习和研究《大纲》和《考试说明》，以《大纲》为依据，以《考试说明》为指导，以课本为基础，按照知识的内在联系，将其要点进行分类整理，使之条理化、系统化和规律化。这一阶段复习内容包括词汇、句型、语法、交际功能项目等方面。要把所学的零散的、孤立的知识有机地结合起来，使已学知识网络化，形成一个完整的知识体系，从而摸索出带有规律性的东西。在复习过程中，同学们还要结合高考考点进行针对性训练，这样才能在很短的时间内复习完所有的基础知识，提高复习效率，以便有充裕的时间进行下一阶段的复习。

第二阶段复习的重要任务之一，是在一轮复习基础上建立起完整的知识体系。为完成这一任务，同学们要根据《考纲》要求，准确理解各个知识点的内在含义，熟悉它们的适应范围及使用条件，并认真分析研究各个知识点之间的内在联系然后查漏补缺，为综合运用打下坚实的基础。

综合模拟训练阶段。前面两个阶段的知识与考点的纵向和横向联系，形成了鲜活的、系统的知识网络体系，这时同学们已具备了语言运用的初步能力，所以这第三阶段应该是一个语言综合运用能力全面提升的阶段。同学们应对自己通过做题表现出来的知识和能力上的弱点进行及时弥补。这一阶段各种题型集中在试卷上，同学们应通过模拟训练提高解题能力。另外，第三阶段后期还有项很重要的任务就是：回归课本，重温基础，查看错题集，查漏补缺。

准备未雨绸缪，历经风雨方见彩虹

高三复习绝不是一帆风顺的，它是波浪式的、曲折前进的过程。经历考试失误在所难免，这是高三复习的正常现象，应有足够的心理准备。

高三复习，在物质上要做充分的准备，同学们要做到“四必”准备，培养科学的备考技巧。

前期准备主要包括心理准备和物质准备。

高三复习绝不是一帆风顺的，它是波浪式的、曲折前进的过程。经历考试失误在所难免，这是高三复习的正常现象，应有足够的心理准备。要树立正确的考试观，正确对待高考前的各种考试失利，要笑对失败。高考之前的任何一次考试失利，对于高三同学们来说，都是宝贵的财富，它会给同学们带来很多好处：其一，及时暴露出自己所存在的问题，以便于进行分析总结，查漏补缺；其二，有助于建立良好的应试心理，所谓“百炼才能成钢”，只有经历考试的挫败，才能愈挫愈勇，百折不挠，以后面对高考才不会压力重重。随着复习进程的深入，问题才会愈来愈少，进步才愈来愈大。这对于确保高考正常发挥是极其宝贵的。

高三英语复习，物质准备也非常必要。同学们要做好“四必”准备，培养科学的备考技巧。

1.必须有“单词随身记”。随时记忆、随时复习、随时扩充，既能逐步扩大词汇量又能有效地利用每天的零碎时间，突破词汇关。

2.必须有“作文佳句集锦”。这有利于大家规范表达的习惯，准备一本作文档案，把平时的习作，优美的范文，写作常用的词汇、句型和过渡语，阅读当中遇到的优美表达集中起来，加以整合和归类并把它们当作日常学习中朗读、背诵、复习、仿写的素材，这样就可以逐步提高你的书面表达水平。

3.必须有错题集。将平时训练或考试当中的错误集中起来，并加以整理和归纳，经常复习和反思，就会逐步突破自己的难点和薄弱点，减少考试中的重复丢分。

4.必须有“英汉词典”。“英汉词典”可以规范你的发音，帮助你熟悉词汇的意义、用法，尤其关注熟词生义现象，扩充词汇量，产生从量变到质变的飞跃。

策略分阶段，稳扎稳打，步步为营

英语总复习始终应以阅读为重点，以阅读贯彻始终。每天要限时阅读至少2～3篇文章。要不断总结和归纳各类文章的阅读技巧和方法，提高阅读理解的得分率。

每课一记，三课一复习，五课一巩固。亲手将带规律性的知识用图表的形式编成“知识树”，众多“知识树”形成一片“知识林”。

这一阶段我们应把精力放在对词汇、语法和句型的牢固掌握上，注意知识点之间的串联和梳理，适当地进行延伸，同时配以大量的听力和阅读训练，为语言运用能力的形成和提升提供保证。

一、词汇复习

英语词汇的复习十分重要。词汇十分繁杂丰富，复习时要总结归纳词汇的音、形、义、用四方面，扩大词汇学习的深度和广度。所谓深度和广度是指归纳同义词、近义词的异同；尽可能掌握常用词的各种用法、搭配和意义，特别是那些用法和词义繁多、搭配能力强的常用基本词汇，除音、形、义外，还要掌握他们的适用条件、语法特点以及与其他相关知识的联系，尽可能争取训练到位、熟练运用。

1．归纳中学课本常用和常考词汇的基本用法、语法特点、适用条件以及相关知识点的异同比较，特别是一些使用频率较高的动词如：need，consider，suggest，expect，prefer等。

2．对有共同用法特点的词汇进行归纳，形成知识链。如，教材中既可作实义动词又可作系动词的词有：sound，smell，taste，get，become，turn，grow，come，fall，go，remain，look，appear，seem等。

又如，表示“计划去做而结果不一定能实现”的动词有intend，mean，hope，plan，expect，think，want，suppose等，这些动词常用过去完成时加动词不定式或宾语从句，或用过去式接动词不定式的完成时态表示原来有计划或想法但最终未能实现，意为“本来……而未能……”。

3．由点及面，培养发散思维和知识迁移的能力。对搭配能力强的词汇在复习时可以自己先行归纳复习。如复习call的用法时，马上想到callsb.，callup，callfor，callout，callin，callon，callat，givesb．acall，callsb．names等。

再如，get既可作连系动词也可作实义动词,做实义动词用时意义较多，教材中含有get的短语有getoff，geton，getin，getto，getup，getholdof，geton／alongwith，getridof，getintotrouble，getusedto（doing），gettogether，getreadyfor等，而get作连系动词用时有get+v-ing／v-ed／adj等结构。

4．学习和归纳近义词、同义词，可以扩大知识面，增强运用语言的能力。如：在复习besides用法时，可以联系except，but，exceptfor，exceptthat，butfor等词语的词义区别和用法。

再如：dress，in，puton，haveon，wear等词语都可以表示“穿戴”，但它们的意义和用法有所区别。

5．归纳复习之后，再配上高考考点及对应练习，就可提高同学们的实际运用能力。词汇复习要着重理解记忆，明确用法，切不要孤立地死记硬背单词。复习时要做到词不离短语、词不离句，结合科学的练习方法，不要只停留在概念的记忆上，而要把记忆和使用结合起来。

二、句型复习

对中学课本中惯用句型可按语法结构、用法等进行归类总结，如：倒装、省略、插入语、强调句、祈使句、反意疑问句、感叹句、复合宾语、并列等结构以及各种句型。这些句型结构是高考命题的热点。

插入语。插入语结构是高考常考的句型结构，复习时可以从以下几方面归纳中学课本中出现的插入语结构：①单词型插入语,如however，luckily／happily（forsb．），personally，though等；②短语型插入语，如strangetosay，worsestill，orrather，inotherwords，inone’sopinion，infact，ofcourse，generallyspeaking，tomakethingsworse；③插入句，如Ithink，doyouconsider，thatistosay，what’smore等。

省略句型。在复习省略句型时，可把中学课本中的有关复习要点归纳如下：?譹?讹状语从句中的省略；?譺?讹日常对话的语境省略，省略次要的和与前面重复的词语；?譻?讹“替代性”省略，用so，not，neither，nor或其他手段来省略与上文相同的语义成分；?譼?讹不定式结构的省略，省略不定式后和前面相同的动词部分；

?誉?讹不定式符号“to”的省略，感官动词和使役动词（feel，see，hear，notice，let，make，have等）后接不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to；?谫?讹虚拟语气中should的省略，表示“坚持（insist）、命令（order）、要求（demand）、建议（suggest）”等动词后接的宾语从句中，谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。复习时尽可能附课本例句，并精选与省略有关的高考题来练习。

三、语法复习

语法的复习不可轻视，一定的句法能力是提高语言能力的基础。不重视语法学习，势必会造成动笔就错、语言不规范。教材的语法比较分散，高三复习时必须相对集中，系统归纳。在高三后期，要逐步淡化语法，把精力放在阅读、写作和听力训练上，培养和提升能力。

集中复习中学课本中的各种时态时，要比较它们的用法特点；复习非谓语动词时可以按它们的功能横向比较-ing形式、-ed形式和不定式各自的用法特点；复习非谓语动词做宾语的用法时，可用图表形式列出，并附例句、考点、高考题。

宾语从句。只能用不定式作宾语的动词有：wish，offer,hope，expect，decide，manage，agree，pretend，refuse，promise等。

用动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有：mind，practice，enjoy，suggest，avoid，finish，consider，can’thelp，giveup等。

既可以用不定式也可以用动词-ing形式作宾语的动词且两者意义基本相同的有：begin，start，love，hate，prefer等；意义明显不同的有：forget，remember，regret，try，mean等。如remember／forget后接不定式表示“记得／忘记了要做某事（动作尚未发生）”，后接动词-ing形式表示“记得／忘记已做某事（动作已经发生）”。

有些动词用动词-ing形式作宾语表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动浯态作宾语如need，want，require，demand等。

定语从句。定语从句是高中英语教材中的重要语法内容，它贯穿了整个高中英语的每一册教材，也是每年必考的考点。归纳定语从句知识时要掌握以下要点：①that，which，who等关系代词与when，where等关系副词的基本用法以及如何选择定语从句引导词；②引导词that和which的用法区别以及各自的特殊用法；③非限制性定语从句意义、用法以及which在非限制性定语从句中的应用；④as在定语从句中的用法；⑤“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句；⑥带有“插入语”的定语从句；⑦定语从句与并列句、状语从句、名词性从句、强调句型的用法区别。

不定代词。不定代词也是语法重难点之一，可以按照指代范围去归纳复习，如：both，either，neither表示两者之间；any，all，none，every，some表示三者或三者以上之间；each既可以用于两者，也可以用于两者或三者以上。也可以按照不定代词表示特指与泛指的范畴去复习，如：theother，theothers表示特指，other，either，another表示泛指。还要归纳不定代词表示完全否定与不完全否定的用法，如：not和all，both，every，everything连用表示不完全否定含义，其完全否定含义应由none，neither，no，nobody，nothing加表示肯定意义的谓语构成；little和few表示否定概念，alittle，afew表示肯定概念。不定代词表示替代用法的常用词有one，ones，it,that，those。复习时要把不定代词的基本用法和语境结合起来，培养在语境中灵活运用不定代词的能力。

四、日常交际用语归纳

中学英语教材每一单元的对话课以交际功能为主线贯穿始终。由此，同学们可根据《大纲》所列的“日常交际用语”对各单元的对话重新排列分类，整理归纳，使之条理化、系统化，总结出相关话题的典型句型，并设置语境实践，学会运用。如：“askingtheway”在中学课本中学过八次，复习时可归纳有关问路的典型句型，以便帮助自己理解和运用。

2010年2月—2010年4月中旬

第二阶段：厚积薄发、延伸课本

在第二轮复习过程中，不能简单地、重温性地复习各个知识点，而是要做一定数量的综合训练题，熟悉掌握各种题型的解题方法及技巧，提高自己分析问题、解决问题的能力，最终达到提高解题速度与准确性的目的。为达到此目的,应注意：①训练的重点应是中档难度的题目；②要特别重视实用性、灵活性比较强以及能力型的题目；③要规范解题，像对待考试一样对待平常的练习题，也就是说要计时做题，练做题的速度及准确率；④做题的数量要适度适量，贵在做后的纠错、反思和总结，要弄明白自己的答案错在哪里，不断总结做题的经验教训，学会分析试题所考的语言点及能力，把握命题人的命题意图。这一点至关重要。这一阶段的重要任务是按照高考题型结构，有计划地对听力、单选、完形填空、阅读、短文改错、写作以及其他一些题型进行专门训练，实现由语言知识到语言应用能力的转化，全面提高英语语言素质，掌握解题方法及技巧，最终提高做题的准确率和熟练程度。

1.熟悉口语中的常用句型以及出现频率较高的词汇和短语，通过训练提高听力得分，听的方法可多样化，如随时随地法、集中分段法、先慢后快法、先中后外法、词汇过关法、自录自听法等。

2.提高听力预测能力，通过主题句、题干等对内容进行预测。

3.尽量做到带着问题听。

4.熟悉各种语境的内容和提问方式。

1.通过训练明确高考的命题思想，把握方向，有的放矢，精选训练，提高复习的有效性和针对性。

2.注重如下方面内容的运用和积累：基础语法知识；语言运用能力；词组的搭配和习惯用法；对词义的正确理解；日常交际。这五个方面是互相渗透、互相制约的。

3.在复习中应有所侧重，把以下项目作为突破口：动词时态，非谓语形式，动词短语的搭配，名词形容词代词，各类简单句，并列句和复合句。

三、完形填空

1.注重英语基础知识和综合运用语言的能力，其中包括识词能力、阅读及理解能力、逻辑推理和判断能力等。多训练和提高独立分析、对比取舍及灵活处理问题的能力。要坚持定时训练和提高从全文角度甚至逾越句子通篇理解文章选择正确答案的能力。

2.应当注意词组、习语和句型的积累、同义词的辨析。特别是《大纲》和《考试说明》中要求掌握的部分。

1.快速阅读，整体理解，积累词汇。

2.熟悉各类体裁和题材的文章结构及其解题技巧，如记叙文、夹叙夹议文、议论文，说明文等。提高对篇章整体结构的理解和推断，学会站在作者角度把握文章的脉络等；多做定时练习。

3.提高阅读技巧和解题技巧，如阅读理解的四种基本题型、常见的设题手法。阅读题主要包括四个方面，即事实细节、概括中心、推理判断和猜测词义。不但要读懂文章，还要学会答题，即掌握概括中心、推理判断和猜测词义的规律。

4.阅读速度要尽量快，先看题目，再看文章。要了解作者的写作思路，养成看一段就懂一段的习惯。最终要做到看了第一段，就能猜出第二段应该写什么。做题目时应该“对题寻源”，减少盲目性。考试时的阅读成绩是建立在平时大量阅读基础之上的。平时读得多了，考试时就会得心应手。

5.掌握一定的英语文化背景知识。背景知识在阅读过程中起着很重要的作用。阅读时若缺乏相关的背景知识，阅读就会出现困难；相反，要是具有相关的背景知识，阅读就相应的简单。特定的文化产生了各具特色的语言背景。把英语作为外语来学习的同学们除具备一定的英美历史和语言文学知识外，还要了解和熟悉一些讲英语的国家的生活习惯、文化背景、风土人情与生活方式等，尤其是中西方的文化差异，为提高阅读质量打下基础。

五、短文改错

寻找短文改错题的规律，短文改错题的主要规律有三：第一，多词；第二，缺词；第三，错词。多词常为重复或表达不当；缺词多为句子成分残缺，或固定搭配不完整。此外，虚词的遗漏（如冠词、连词、不定式符号或助动词等）也是常考点；错词主要出现在词法、词义、句式结构、固定搭配或行文逻辑方面，其中又以词法错误最为普遍。这些错误常涉及以下几个方面：名词、代词的数和格；主谓一致；形容词或副词的用法；冠词、介词或连词的应用；动词的时态和语态及动词与介词的搭配；非谓语动词的用法；关系代（副）词的比较；上下文逻辑错误。

六、书面表达

书面表达是考查同学们灵活运用所学基础知识，清楚连贯表达自己的能力。要求同学们能正确使用句型、适当的词汇。

1.要背、要写、要改、要问。背课文，背范文。写各种各样的文体，写了以后要按照教师的意见认真去改，把文章改得文理通畅，基本无误。再加以修饰润色：用上强调句，倒装句，平行结构，复合句，名言警句，用上呼应，用上中心句，用上过渡，如动词的非谓语形式，with/without的复合结构等；以及比较地道的一些过渡词，如however，though，therefore，so，this，wherever等，从而提升文章的档次和品位。

2.写好英语简单句。要熟悉英语的五个基本句型，it句型和therebe结构。每周应坚持写几篇书面表达小作文，完成后把英语写作当作改错题来做，自己先逐行改错，然后进行较高层次的整合训练，也可与同学交换进行批改。

3.背范文在最后冲刺阶段对作文很有效，基础差的同学可以利用范文中的句子写作，基础好的同学可以利用范文中的关联词和一些复合句提高自己作文的得分档。

2010年4月中旬—高考

第三阶段：综合训练，提升能力

第三阶段复习目标：提高综合解题能力，提高应试技巧，树立信心。同学们应该减少心理压力，放松心情。

1.要回归基础。把词汇、词组进行归类，对基础知识进行巩固。到了最后阶段，不易再学新知识，不要让会的东西再丢分。把手头上的书和练习进行总结和归类，对自己常出的错误，一定要进行细致分析，加强训练，不要再出现类似错误。千万不要以为复习就是做练习。必须针对自己的具体问题去查漏补缺。练习时要注意准确性和速度，更要在练习后去感悟与反思，体察做对和做错的原因，切不可认为题做得越多越好。

2.一定要发现问题并及时解决。同学们千万不要把问题带到考试中，如果有问题找不到答案，一定要注意问老师，不仅要从老师那里得到答案，还应该注意老师的思考与讲解过程，有针对性地复习能对最后阶段提高成绩很有帮助。

3.做一些应试技巧方面的训练。比如有一些技巧要试一试：做阅读的时候应该怎么做题？做题的方法应该是什么？时间的把握是什么？写作的时候要留出打草稿的时间，留出修改的时间。在每个专项题型上，再理一理做题的思路，试一下自己做题的思路，看能否做起来顺手，或者比以前有所提高。

4.培养良好心理素质。注意自己考试心理素质的培养，练好基本功，加强自身内功的训练。对考场中可能会出现的各种突发因素应有所准备，考前镇定自若，处乱不惊是明智之举。

5.克服心浮气躁的心态。多做定时训练：一般来讲，听力部分20分钟左右完成；选择题10分钟完成；完形填空20分钟完成；阅读理解35分钟完成；短文改错最多8分钟完成；书面表达15~20分钟完成，第二卷不能超过半个小时。

高考复习是一个复杂、艰巨而任重道远的工程，但只要做好复习过程各环节的工作，相信高考之后，笑得最灿烂的人，就是你。高考决战就在考场之外！

在高考英语试题中，有些单选题的测试点本来十分简单，但为了增加试题的难度，命题者有意把题干改写为同学们少见或陌生的结构。对于这类选择题，同学们可以反其道而行之，把题干改为自己熟悉的结构。这样，题目就会变得简单，答案就会一目了然。

第三篇：高考英语连词复习练习

语法复习十八：连

词

连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。

（一）并列连词： 并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and（和），as well as（既…又），both … and（不但…而且），not only … but also（不但…而且），not … but（不是…而是），neither … nor（既不…也不），either … or（不是…就是），or（或者），but（但是），yet（然而），for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这时）等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy（暗沉沉的）./ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious（光荣的）yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot.（二）从属连词

从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：

引导时间状语从句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as 引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as 引导让步状语从句的：although, though, no matter（无论）, even if(though)引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, so(as)long as 引导结果状语从句的：so … that …, such … that … 引导目的状语从句的：so that …, in order that …

引导比较状语从句的：as … as …, not so(as)… as …, … than … 引导方式状语从句的：as if …

引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或

（三）某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别

1、当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别：①while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while 的这些用法可用when代替，等于 “at the time that”, “during the time that”。例如：Please keep quiet while(when)others are studying；② when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于 “at the time”，也就是说when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进行时，或完成时。例如：When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.（when不能换成while）He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.（when可换成while）③as常可与when，while通用，但强调“一边、一边”。例如：As(when, while)I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37.④when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，主、谓是“主语+系动词”结构时，这时主语和系动词可以省略。例如：When(he was)young, he worked 还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。for a rich man./ She’ll be here to give you help when(if it is)necessary.⑤when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为“如果”、“假如”，例如：I’ll come when(if)I’m free.2、before作连词一般表示时间，意为“在…之前”，但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译：He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。

3、till, until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not …until(till)，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到…才…”。用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示“到…为止”。例如：They played volleyball until(till)it got dark./ They didn’t talk（延续性动词）until(till)the interpreter（译员）came./ He didn’t go to bed（非延续性动词）until(till)the his father came back.；until可以放在句首，till则不行，例如：Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home.（倒装）；till, until只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：We walked till the edge of the forest.（要用as far as或to）。

4、because, since, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：①如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because ,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。例如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.；②如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或 since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now let’s begin.5、although和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样，但注意以下区别：①although用于各种文体，而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although, though引导的从句后，主句不能用but，但可用副词yet, still。例如：Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.（或yet they went on working）②though常与even连用，even though表示强调，意为“即使”，但不能说even although，例如：Even though I didn’t understand a word, I dept smiling.③though可用作副词，意为“然而”，常用逗号与句子分开。although则不能这样使用，它只作连词。例如：It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though.6、once作副词译“曾经”，作为连词译“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。例如：I don’t believe he was once a thief.(once这里是副词)/ Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students.(once连词)

7、unless引导条件状语从句等于if … not …。例如：He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too

8、在用as if引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚拟语气。例如：He talks

9、whether, if引导从句的用法区别：①引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether，low.(= He’ll accept the job if the salary is not too low.)

as if he knew all about it.但有时也可用直陈语气。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.不用if。例如：Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ The question is whether we can finish the task on time./ The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided.②whether可接不定式，而if则不可。例如：I haven’t decided whether to leave or not.③whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调，而if则不可。例如：Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will come, I am not sure.④whether和if均可引导宾语从句，whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句，if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此时不能用whether），例如：Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder if it doesn’t rain.⑤引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与or not连用。连用时要注意or not的位置，它一般与 whether、if分开使用，有时它可与whether合起来使用，但不能与if合起来使用。例如：I don’t know whether/ if they will come or not./ I don’t know whether or not they will come.⑥if可用来引导条件状语从句，译“如果”，whether则不行。例如：If you work hard, you are sure to succeed.10、as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。①as引导时间状语从句，意为“当…时”。例如：As(he was)a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked.②as引导方式状语从句，意为“象…一样”。例如：We must do as the Party teaches us.③as引导原因状语从句。意为“由于”，例如：As you are tired, you had better rest.④as引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”Child as he is, he can do it well.(= Although he is a child, he can do it well.)另外，as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：I have the same book as you.练习、连词.He is very old,____ he still works very hard.A.but

B.if

C.when

D.as 2.____ you are dismissed.A.Neither you go nor B.Either you go or C.Whether you go or

D.Both you go and 3.They had camped once before, ____ they knew what to take.A.because

B.now

C.so

D.since 4.Why these things happened was ____ the driver had been careless.A.because of

B.owing to

C.due to

D.that

D.so they 5.Although, it's raining, ____are still working in the fields.A.they

B.but they

C.and they 6.___we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.A.So

B.Since that

C.Now that

D.By now.7.Write clearly ____ your teacher can understand.you correctly.A.since

B.for

C.because 8.You'll miss the train ____ you hurry up.D.so that

A.unless

B.as

C.if

D.until 9.Francis did the task____ his brother.A.as good as

B.as better as

C.as well as D.as best as 10.The size of the audience,____ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.A.as

B.what

C.that

D.whom 11.I thought he hated the TV.You are right,____ he still watches the program.A.yet

B.besides

C.also

D.then 12.It looks ____ it's going to rain.A.Because she went

A.that

B.as

C.as if

D.like that

C.When she went

D.Since she went 13.____ to New York, her father has not heard from her.B.After she went

14.___he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky.15.We arrived at the station ____ the train had left.A.Until B.Since C.While D.During

A.after

B.before

C.since

D.when 16.____ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.A.But

B.Although

C.Even if

D.If 17.Give me one more minute ____ I'll have finished.A.so

B.until

C.and

D.when 18.The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,____ he could not find any work.A.and

B.yet

C.or

D.and but 19.Hurry up, ____ you'll be late.A.or

B.and

C.so

D.yet

A.so

B.as

C.like

D.that 20.Do not make the same mistake ____ I did.21.My sister is expecting me,____ I must be off now.A.however B.or

C.so

D.otherwise 22.We should pay attention ____ to industry ____ to agriculture.A.either, or

B.neither, nor

C.not, but

D.both, and 23.He ran off____ I could stop him.A.before

B.after

C.since

D.when

A.before

B.as

C.since

D.when C.After

D.Unless 24.____ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.A.Till B.Until C.After

D.Since 25.Where have you been ____ you left home? A.Until B.Since

26.____ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.27.We have produced 15% more cotton this year____ we did last year.A.as

B.than

C.like

D.white

A.besides

B.except

C.except for

D.except that

C.neither...nor...D.whether...or...28.It is late;____, I'm too tired to go out.A.not...but...29.Everything around us is ____ solid..liquid ____ gas.B.either...or...30.He will come ____ you ask him.A.whether

B.unless

C.if

D.while

A.If

B.Where

C.That

D.Whether 31.____ he will come or not is still unknown.32.I don' t know ____ to stay at home or go out.A.whether

B.if

C.how

D.where 33.He spoke loudly ____ the audience could hear him clearly.A.so

B.that

C.so that

D.in order to B.On the contrary 34.The book is not easy.____ it's rather difficult.A.On the one hand

C.On the other hand

A.if

A.so that

A.whatever

D.On the other contrary 35.You must work hard,____ you will not learn English well.B.whether

C.otherwise

D.unless B.when

C.otherwise

D.therefore 36.It rained heavily,____ the basketball match had to be put off.37.We must do ____ the people want us to do..B.however

C.wherever

D.whenever

A.what B.whatever

C.that

D.as A.Who B.What

C.Whoever D.Whatever

C.whoever

D.whenever 38.You are certainly right,____ others may say.39.____ makes mistakes must correct them.A.when

B.where

40.I’ll discuss it with you ____ you like to come.41.____ you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.A.Wherever

A.Once

B.Whenever

C.Where

D.When B.At once

C.Only

D.Only then 42.___you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.43.___ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.A.No matter how B.No matter what

C.No matter when

D.No matter where 44.We can surely overcome these difficulties _,___ we are closely united.A.so far as

A.as soon as

A.as well as

B.so long as

C.as soon as

D.as well as 45.___ I know he will stay here for half a year.B.as long as

C.so far as

D.as well as B.so long as

C.as far as

D.as soon as

A.that

B.why

C.what

D.whose

A.What

B.Whom

C.Which

D.How

A.what

B.that

C.why

D.how A.what

B.that

C.which

D.who

C.where

D./ 46.Please write me ____ you arrive in New York.47.That is not ____ I want.48.___ he did it remains a secret.49.It is quite clear ____ he won't see us.51.I am sure ____ you said is true.50.Would you tell me ____ way I should take?

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.whose 52.The trouble is ____ we can not find such an expert.A.why

B.that

53.It has not been decided ____ they will leave.A.why

B.when

C.which

D.what 54.We shall go ____ you are ready.A.while

B.as soon as

C.as

D.since 55.He will tell you about it ____ you get there.A.while

B.as

C.when

D./ 56.Don't try to get off the bus ____ it has stopped.A.while

B.as

C.since

D.before 57.I'll come and see you _____ I go to the countryside.A.while

B.when

.C.as soon as

D.before 58.___ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.A.While

B.When

C.Since

D.After 59.Things have changed a lot ____ I wrote to you last time.A.when

B.since

C.as

D.before 60.I can't use your pen, ___ there is no ink in it.A.for

B.when

C.if

D.whether

61.I'd like to go swimming ____ the water is not too cold.A.for

B.unless

C.if

D.whether 62.Difficulties are nothing ___ we are not afraid of them.A.for

B.as

C.if

D.whether 63.The doctor will not perform the operation ___ it is absolutely necessary.A.when

B.if

C.for

D.unless 64.Go back ___ you came from.A.until

B.where

C.which

D.when 65.He lay ___ the grass was the thickest.A.where

B.when

C.that

D.after 66.You will find friendly people ___ you go in China.A.where

B.and

C.wherever

D.so 67.___ it was already dark, they went on working in the fields.A.If

B.Whether

C.But

D.Though 68.___ he has finished writing the novel is unknown.A.If

B.Whether

B.for

C.When

C.if

D.While D.while 69.We'll go and see the patient ___we are busy.A.even if

70.The museum is ___ far ____ it will take us half an hour to get there by bus.A.such...that

B.as...as

连 词

1~5 ABCDA 6~10 CDACA 11~15 ACDBA 16~20 BCBAB 21~25 CDABC 26~30 BBABC 31~35 DACBC 36~40 AABCD 41~45 AAABC 46~50 DCDBC 51~55 ABBBC 56~60 DDCBA 61~65 CCDBA 66~70 CDBAC

C.so...that

D.so … as

第四篇：高考英语完形填空复习教案

高考英语完形填空复习教学设计

教学设计

学习内容：高三完形填空复习学习目标：

一、语言技能目标： 能进一步强化基于信息词完形填空的能力 二、语言知识目标：能进一步强化信息词的了解。

三、学习策略、文化意识、情感态度价值观目标：能进一步强化基于信息词进行完形填空的策略。教学过程： step1：revison revise the skills when doing cloze： 解题思路：

一.跳读全文，辨体裁，抓大意。

1.把握开头，注意主题句，把握5w和1h，抓故事情节。力求首段把握文章主题。

2.根据每段信息词，概括每段大意。

3.注意尾段信息词所强调的中心，往往形成前后呼应。二.试填，找暗示，先易后难。

三.复核，通读全文，检查思路是否顺畅，有无逻辑错误，同时填补遗漏的难题。高考常考命题点： 1.复现：同词、同义、结构复现

2.关联关系：因果、并列（同类）、类属、相对（转折）关系 3.常识运用（背景知识、生活常识）4.固定搭配

step2：finding the informative words and understanding the main idea.1.style：narrative（记叙文）

2.ask a student to report the main idea of the passage.3.class work： discuss the main factors of this passage.who： an old man and i what： he was doing a language research by asking a saleswoman for a way many times.when： before my first year of university where： in a department store the result： the man became my university professor.group work： discuss the mistakes the students made.and：（1）which answer is correct？

（2）why？

（3）which point does it match with？ 1.复现：同词、同义、结构复现 2.词义辨析

3.关联关系：因果、并列（同类）、类属、相对（转折）关系 4.常识运用（背景知识、生活常识）5.固定搭配

4.check the answers one by one.ask some groups to report，discussing with other groups or individual students or the whole class if necessary.5.in the meantime，show the passage on the screen and point out where we can get the information.step 3： conclusion t： what mistakes do you mainly make？

1、关联关系；

2、词义辨析；，step4： homework let’s do more exercise to consolidate.reflection and summary：

1、高考完型填空题型专题复习备考时，学生要随时跳出应试者的角色，改变角色，变应试者为故事剧中人的角色，联系语境，设身处地换位思考理解剧中人的思想情感去选出答案，或进一步变为出题人的角色，站在更高的角度，熟悉高考常考命题点，去把握本题型答题技巧，备考策略，可能会有意想不到的收获。

2、完形填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句，一般不设空，要特别注重对首、尾句的理解，因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。

3、第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄 不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一、二遍，直到明确大意为止。

4、做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见树林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。

总之，做完形填空题，了其大意，先易后难，瞻前顾后，通过直接暗示、间接暗示，前、后暗示，层次、段落暗示，逻辑、推断暗示做题是非常关键的。当然，更重要的是扩大阅读面，增加阅读量，积累语言经验，培养语感能力。望大家反复认真阅读，对提高解答完形填空的能力大有裨益。

第五篇：高考英语从句总复习

从句

一． 定义

1.句子分为简单句和复合句。简单句是只有一个主谓宾结构。复合句是由两个或两个以上的主谓宾结构构成的句子。

2.复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句是全句的主体，从句是主句的一个成分，它不能单独做句子，它在句子中作什么成分，就叫什么成分的从句，如作主语的就叫主语从句，作宾语的就叫宾语从句，作表语的就叫表语从句，作定语的叫定语从句，作状语的就叫状语从句。3.复合句主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。

二． 名词性从句

（一）主语从句

1.主语从句是指从句充当主语的句子。2.引导词;关系代词：（1)从句成分什么都不缺：thatwhetherif(whether一般跟or not 搭配使用，if不能)That the earth is round is true Whether she comes or not makes no difference(2)从句成分缺人：whowhomwhosewhoeverwhomever(3)从句成分缺物：whatwhatererwhichwhichever Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.Whose watch was lost is unknown.What caused the accident remains unknown.Whatever you did is right.关系副词：where:（什么地方），从句中缺地点状语 when:(什么时候)，从句中缺时间状语 why:(什么原因)，从句中缺原因状语 how:(如何，怎样)，从句中缺方式状语

Where he is from is the question nobody can answer She don’t know how she can get to the hospital Why he is late is he was ill yesterday 3.主语从句的特殊形式:it做形式主语的主语从句结构(1)It is ＋名词＋从句

It is a fact an honor that（2)it is ＋形容词＋从句

It is natural obviouspossible that…(3)it is ＋不及物动词＋从句

It seems happened that…(4)it ＋过去分词＋从句

It is reported that… 据报道… It is said that…据说…

It has been proved that… 已证实…

4.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况

(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2)It is said ,(reported)…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)(3)It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)

(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(wrong)

(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(right)Is that will rain in the evening likely?(wrong)5.注意：

（1）主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。

Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（2）主语从句中的引导词放在句首不能省略

（二）．宾语从句

1.从句在主句中充当宾语的句子是宾语从句 2.引导词

3.宾语从句的几种形式（1）做及物动词的宾语 I heard that he joined the army.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.She told me that she would accept my invitation.(2)作介词的宾语

Our success depends upon how hard we work(3).作形容词的宾语

I am afraid(that)I’ve made a mistake.I am glad that you have made such progress(4)动词+it+that结构

It做形式宾语，代替that引导的宾语从句

He has made it clear that he won’t give up the opportunity We consider it necessary that we should open out(5)宾语从句否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：

I don’t think this dress fits you well.4.注意：（1）宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序

（2）如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制，如果主句时态是过去时，宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。He thought he was working for the people．

I heard she had been to the Great W all．

John hoped that he would find a job soon．

但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等，则不变化：

The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun

（三）表语从句

从句在主句中充当表语成分的句子是表语从句。一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句” The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.This is why we can’t get the support of the people

But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.（四）同位语从句

1.同位语从句是修饰前面名词的从句。

The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general 2.同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。

(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：

The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）

The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）

三．形容性从句（定语从句）

（一）含义：从句充当定语成分的句子叫做定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

（二）限制性定语从句

1.限制性定语是指定语从句紧跟它所修饰的中心名词或代词之后，没有逗号分开。2.引导词：分为关系代词和关系副词。（1）关系代词引导的定语从句：

that:指代人、事物，作主语、宾语，做宾语时可以省略 who:指代人，做主语

whom:指代人，做宾语，可以省略。它在口语和非正式用语中常用who代替，可以省略 The man whowhom you met just now is my brother.which:指代事物，做主语、宾语。做宾语可以省略 whose:指代人、物，做定语，其后直接加名词 He has a friend whose father is a doctor.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.指物时常用以下结构代替：

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.——The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired（2）关系副词引导的定语从句：

where：指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 Shai hai is the city where I was born

The house where I live ten years ago has been pulled down when: 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

I still remember the day when I first came to the school why: 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 注意: 关系副词引导的定语从句都可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来代替 Shai hai is the city wherein which I was born I still remember the day whenon which I first came to the school Please tell me the reason why for which you missed the plane 练习：

A letter------is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主语)Do you know the gentleman-----spoke just now? You can take anything----you like.（宾语）What is the question-----they are talking about? Here is the man-----you want to see.3.注意

(1)限制性定语从句中只能用that的几种情况：

A 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时，要用that Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said? There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.All that can be done has been done.B 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰,如：firstlastnext等

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.C 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时

This is the best film that I have seen.D 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时

This is the very dictionary that I want to buy，After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ E 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? F 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? G 如有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词宜用that。He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.（2）限制性定语从句中只能用who的情况：

A 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who(whom)。如：

Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗？

B 当先行词为people和those时，只能用who(whom)。如：

Those who want to go there come here please.那些想去那儿的人请来这边。

C 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)时，只能用who(whom)。如： Anyone who is against us is our enemy.任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。D 在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who(whom)。如：

There are students in our class who / whom you have met.我们班有些学生你见过。

E 当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that, 那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。如：

The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.刚才你会到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。

(3)以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。

The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising

（三）．非限制性定语从句

1.含义：先行词和从句用逗号隔开，对所修饰你名词或代词等起补充说明的作用。如果去掉从句，并不影响它所修饰的先行词的意义。

2.引导词（1）关系代词：

指人：who :做主语，不可省略 ；whom:做宾语，不可省略 指物：which:做主语或宾语，不可省略（2）关系副词：

when where why as等

Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he 答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3.as和which 引导的非限制性定语从句

（1）as和which都可在句子中做主语或宾语，它们指代的是整个句子 He married her,aswhich is natural He is honest,aswhich we can see(2)as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之尾，还可分割整个主句，which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后;as有“正如，正想”之意 As is known to us，china is a developing country He is from south,which we can see from his accent

John ,as you know,is famous writer(3)作主语时，which既可以作系动词be的主语，也可以作实义动词的主语；而这时as 只可以做系动词be的主语。例如：

A)He married her, which was natural.（可用as代替which）他和她结婚，这是很自然的事。

B)He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry, which made him illustrious.(不可用as 代替which)他获得了诺贝尔化学奖，这使他名扬天下。

It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it(4).在which引导的定语从句中，谓语动词若是am, is, are则这些系动词不能省略；而as后面若是这种情况，则可以省略。例如：

A)He is a teacher, as(is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)B)He said he had never seen her before, which was not true.(was不可省略)(5)当先行词有such,the same修饰时，常用as I have never heard such a story as he tells This is the same book as I lost last week 注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

（四）引导词+介词引导的定语从句

关系代词在从句中做介词的宾语时，从句常用介词+关系代词引: The school whichthat he once studied is vert famous ——the school in which he once studied is very famous Tomorrow I will bring a book whichthat you ask for Tomorrow I will bring a book for which you ask 注意：

A:含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用。如：look at, look for, look after, take care of等 This is watch whichthat I looking for B:当介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词指人是只能用whom,，关系代词指代物时，只能用which，关系代词是所有格时，用whose The man with whom you talked is my friend C:介词+定语从句，前面可有some any both each none neither 等代词或数词修饰 He love his parents deeply，both of whom are very kind to him There are forty students in our class,，most of whom are from cities 四．状语从句

一：时间状语从句

（一）when, while和as。

1.when引导从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词（一段时间），又可以是瞬时动词（一点时间）。when还含有“at that moment”的意思，引起的句子不能放在句首

When he heard the news，they were much surprised(从句的动作先于主句的动作)When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）

We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.我们正在看电视，这时灯突然灭了。They had just arrived home when it began to rain.他们刚到家，这时天就开始下雨了。

2.while 从句的动作和主句同时发生，从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的。并且while有时还可以表示对比 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV I like playing football while you like playing basketball 3.as 从句的动作和主句同时发生。从句的谓语动词可是瞬时性的，也可是延续性的。从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成时，则多用as，可译为“一边......，一边......” She came up as I was cooking.(延续性)The runners started as the gun went off.(瞬时性)He looked behind from to time as he went.他一边走，一边不时地往后看。

As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer..随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。练习：

1.He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears.(2006辽宁)

A.why B.where C.when D.while 2.— I’m going to the post office.— ____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?(1999)

A.As B.While C.Because D.If 3.____ the days went on, the weather got worse.(1990)

A.With B.Since C.While D.As 4.Tom ____ into the house when no one ____.(1992)

A.slipped;was looking B.had slipped;looked

C.slipped;had looked D.was slipping;looked 如果主句的动作发生于表示“当……时”的时间状语从句中的动作的进行过程中，从句常用进行时。如： The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into the house when/while/as she was watching TV show.女房东怀疑在她看电视时曾有人闯入屋

5.I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____.(2006安徽)

A.went;was occurring B.went;occurred C.was going;occurred D.was going;had occurred 6.It was some time ____ we realized the truth.(2005山东)

A.when B.until C.since D.before 7.— Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?

— He rushed out of the room ____ I could say a word.(2006四川)

A.before B.until C.when D.after

（二）before 和after

before引导时间状语从句时表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后，如主句是将来时，从句中现在时,从句是过去时,主句用过去完成时。after引导时间状语从句时表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。

It will be some time before we know the results After we had finished dinner,we went home.重点：before 的用法

1.用于It + be + 时间段 + before...句型中，意思是“在……之后才……”，如果主句中用否定式，则表示“不多久……就”。

It will be five years before I come back.我五年后才能回来。

It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their country.不久之后，敌人就被赶走了。

It won’t be long before they understand each other.他们不久就会互相了解的。

2.还有“趁……（还没有）”之意。例如：

They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。

Do it before you forget it.趁早动手，以免忘了 3.短语before long与long before的区别

before long是“很快，不久”的意思, 可以用于各种时态。如：

Before long, he went to America.不久，他就去了美国。

I hope to see you before long.我希望不久后再见到你。

而 long before是“很久以前”的意思，一般用在过去时或过去完成时的句子里。如： She said she had read the novel long before.她说她很久以前就读过这部小说。

（三）till和until

①until和till都可表示“直到．．．为止”，与主句中持续性动词的肯定式连用。He waited until / till we finished our meal.他一直等到我们吃完饭。

②当until和till表示“直到．．．才．．．．”时，通常与主句中短暂动词的否定式连用，这时，until和till也可用before代替。

I didn’t leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回来，我才离开的。③be动词的肯定式和否定式都可以和until或till连用。

④until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.他告诉我了我才知道。当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序： Not until she came back did I leave.= I didn’t leave until she came back.在强调句型中一般用until，不用till。如：

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a

1.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____ we’ve actually had that lesson.(2007天津)A.until B.after C.since D.when 2.They ____ the train until it disappeared in the distance.(1998)A.saw B.watched C.noticed D.observed 题干中的主句为肯定句，until需要跟主句里肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词连用，因此本题应选表示延续性动作的watched(其他选项中的saw，noticed，observed所表示的动作都不能延续，意味着结果)。3.“You can’t have this football back ____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly.(2006 A because B.since C.when D.until

（四）since的用法 1.连词

（1）表示“自从……以来”：

A:主句+since+非延续性动词

一般主句用现在完成时，从句用过去时,翻译：“某某自从…以来已经…了 He has studied very hard since he came to our school Since he graduated from the college, he has worked in this city B:主句+since+延续性动词或表示状态的动词

主句用现在完成时，从句用过去时，翻译：“某某自从没有…以来已经…了”

He has had several jobs since he was a student at Yale.他自从从耶鲁大学毕业以来已经做了好几份工作。We all have been missing her since she lived here 自从她从这里搬走，我们就再也没见过她 He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来，他就屡次给我写信。C:主句+since +延续性动词

主句是现在完成时，从句是现在完成时，翻译：“某某自从…以来…了’

Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自从我们自己有了汽车，我们每年都去野营。

He has never been to see me since I have been ill.自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。

He has never been to see me since I was ill.自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。

D：It be(一般式或完成式)＋表示一段时间的词汇＋since引导的时间状语从句。It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我成为研究生已经有2年了。It was three years since we had been there.我们在那儿已呆了三年。

应注意的是，在这种结构中，since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义，下面两句都错了：

It is a long time since he didn’t study English.It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.正确的说法为：

It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久没学英语了。

You haven’t come to see me for two months.你有两个月没来看我了。（2）既然；因为

He must have taken the book since it isn't here.他一定是把书拿走了,因为书已不在这里了。

Since it is so hot, let's go swimming.既然天气这么热,我们去游泳吧。

2.介词：表示“自从……以来”，其具体用法有两种情况：

(1)since＋表示过去某个时间点的词汇(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点)。

They have been friends since childhood.他们从幼时起一直是好朋友。I have been there many times since the war.自那次战争以来，我曾去该地多次。(2)since＋表示一段时间的词汇＋ago。

I have been here since five months ago.五个月以来我一直在这里。

They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai.(1989)A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned

（五）表示“一…就…”：as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…；表示“当…时候”： the time, the moment；by the time（到…时候为止）, next time(下次), the first time(第一次…的时候), the last time(上次…的时候)，once（一旦…）

She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.她一听到声音就冲进房间 He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他刚到达那里就生起病来。

He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.他还没说完就有人起来反驳他的论点 He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。注意：hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…

前面常用过去完成时，后面用一般过去时。同时它们还可以倒装: No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.他刚到达那里就生起病来。Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his points.（六）表示习惯性、经常性：every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候他们就来帮我们 Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。

二．地点状语从句

地点状语从句一般由由where（在……的地方）, wherever（无论哪里），everywhere（每一个地方）引导的 He is ready to help wherever he is Put you son where you can see him Everywhere they want, they were warmly received 三．原因状语从句

（一）because since as for 1.because 表示的原因语气最强；通常放在主句之后，有时也放在主句之前；直接回答why 提出的问题；在强调句中只能用because；被not所否定时只能用because It because he was too careless that he failed 2.since和as表示的原因是人们事先已经知道的，是对已知事实提供理由，而不表示直接原因；since比as语气稍强，且比as略为正式，两者通常都放在主句之前 3.for是并列连词(其作三者为从属连词)，它有时可表示因果关系(只能放在主句之后，且可与because换用)，有时不表示因果关系，而是对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断(也只能放在主句之后，但不能与because换用)。

The ground is wet, for(或because)it rained last night.地面是湿的，因为昨晚下过雨。

It rained last night, for(不能用because)the ground is wet this morning.昨晚下过雨，今天早上地面都是湿的(二)由now that，seeing that，considering that（由于…，既然…）

Seeing that it’s raining，we’d better stay indoors.既然外边在下雨，我们最好待在室内。Now that you are here, you’d better stay.你既然来了，最好还是留下吧

Considering that she has no experience, she has done well enough.考虑到她没有经验，她已经做得不错了

四．条件状语从句

（一）if，unless

1.if引导的条件状语从句时，主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时；if引导条件状语从句的虚拟；if引导条件状语从句的省略

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.2.unless = if……not

You will never make rapid progress if you don’t work hard

You will never make rapid progress unless you work hard

（二）1.as（so）long as “只要……”As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay 只要你需要我，我就留下。as（so）long as 还可表示一段时间

Stay as long as you like。你愿留多久都可以。

So long as he lived, I didn’t feel that I have the right to see you between you.在他死之前，我觉得我没有权利介入你们之间

2.only if 与 if only。only if 意为“只要”，只用于真实条件句中，是if 的强调式；if only 有两个意思，一是表示“只要”，此时通常与陈述语气连用，与 only if 用法相似；二是表示“但愿”“要是……就好了”，此时多用于虚拟语气和感叹句中。

I will come only if you don’t promise to invite Mary.只要你答应不请玛丽，我就来。

If only it clears up, we’ll go.只要天晴，我们就去。

If only I hadn’t told him about it.要是我没有告诉他这事就好了 If only he will listen to you！他要是听你的话多好！3.as long as 与 only if 的区别

（1）从语气上看，only if 的语气要比as long as 强

（2）当主句和从句的谓语动词均为短暂性动词时，通常只用 only if，而不用 as long as。如：He will come only if you ask him.（3）两者均可引导从句置于主句之后，也可置于主句之前。但是，当only if 引导的状语从句置于主句之前时，其后的主句要用倒装语序，而且 as long as 引导的从句置于主句之前不用倒装。如：

As long as it doesn’t rain we can play.只要不下雨，我们就能玩。

Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.只有得到教师的允许，学生才可以进这间屋。

（三）provided（providing）(that)，on condition that，given that，in case，suppose(supposing)等都有“如果”“假如”之意。

He will do the work providing you pay him 如果你给他钱，他就干活

I send you this book on condition that you pay in cash 假如你付现金，这架相机就卖给你

Given that he wins the support of the people, he will win the election.如果赢得人民的支持，他将取得竞选的胜利

Suppose you fail a second time, do not get disappointed, but try again 假如第二次失败，别灰心，再试试。

五． 让步状语从句

（一）although, though“虽然，尽管” 引导让步状语从句时，句中不能用but表示转折语气，但可跟yet，still表示转折

Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。

（二）ever if, even though.“虽然，尽管，即使”We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.（三）“no matter +疑问词” 或“疑问词+后缀ever” ：意为“无论…”。No matter what happened, he would not mind.（1）“no matter +疑问词”不能引导名词性从句 Whatever you say is of no use now.Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么（2）注意however以下两类句型结构 ① however+主语+谓语：

However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days.不管你怎么走，至少要三天。② however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语：

However much he eats, he never gets fat.无论他吃多少, 他都不发胖。③ 有时该结构中的主语和谓语可以有所省略：

He was of some help, however small.他总能帮些忙，不管多小的忙。I refuse, however favorable the condition.不管条件多好，我都不接受。

（四）让步状语从句与倒装

引导倒装的让步状语从句通常用as和though，但不是能用although；as 可以在以上这样的倒装结构中引出让步状语，但若不倒装，则不能用as，而与之相反，although在不倒装的结构中可引导让步状语，但在倒装的结构中却不可以用。

（五）让步状语从句的虚拟语气

六．目的状语从句

（一）so that，in order that, so, that表示“以便；为了”，so that：如果主句是一般现在时，从句常与may，can，will连用；如果主句是一般过去时，从句常与could，should，would，might连用。

We learn English so that we can read English newspapers She came in quietly in order that she couldn’t wake up the baby

（二）least，in case，for fear that 表示“以防，以免”，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气

七．结果状语从句

（一）so that，so...that，such...that 1.so…that与such…that的区别在于：

（1）A such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that…

He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。

B such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that…

They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。

C such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that…

He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.注意：如果such后边的名词前由many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用such而用so。如：

He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。（2）so…that也作“如此…以致”

so＋adj.／adv.＋that…clause（so的后面跟形容词或副词）

He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。

2.so that引导结果状语从句时，意思是“因此;所以”；在从句前常有逗号与主句分开；结果状语从句中没有情态动词；目的状语从句可移到句首，而结果状语从句不能。

Iohn went early, so that he got a good seat.约翰去的很早，得到了一个好位置。

Iohn went early so that he could get a good seat.约翰去的很早，为的是得到一个好位置。

The little boy saved every coin_________ __________he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day 八．方式状语从句

方式状态语从句常由as, as if/as though等。例如：

She acted as if/though nothing had happened.It looks as if it'll rain.as if/as though引导方式状语从句要用虚拟语气