第一篇：2013电大英语3形成性考核册作业答案
成绩：
开放英语（3）
形 成 性 考 核 册
专业：
学号：
姓名：
河北广播电视大学开放教育学院（请按照顺序打印，并左侧装订）
开放英语（3）作业1（Units 1—6）
本作业由四部分组成，第一部分：交际用语；第二部分：英语知识运用；第三部分：阅读理解；第四部分：写作。建议在90分钟内完成本作业。写作部分要求用笔写在给定的位置上。每次作业满分为100分。
第一部分：交际用语（每题2分，共10分）
一、阅读下面的小对话，从A,B,C,D 四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。1.---May I help you,madam?---_________D____________.A.Sorry, I have no idea
B.Yes,I know what to buy C.You‘d better give me a hand
D.Yes, I‘d like 2 kilos of orange 2.---May I know your address?-----_____________A________.A.Sure.Here you are
B.I have no idea C.It‘s far from here
D.Sorry, I‘ve forgottern 3.---Well, Mary, how are you?---____________C__________.A.I‘m good
B.I‘m pleased C.I‘m fine
D.I‘m nice 4.---I don‘t like the spots programs on Sundays.---______________B_______________________.A.So do I
B.Neither do I C.So am I
D.Neither am I 5.—Will you go on a picnic with us tommorrow?---________________B______________________.A.Yes, but I‘ ll have English classes B.Sorry, I have an appointment with Dr.Brown C.I‘m afraid I have no idea D.Neither am I
第二部分：英语知识运用（40分）
二、选择填空
阅读下面的句子和对话，从从A,B,C,D 四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。（每题2分，共20分）
6.It happened___D_____a winter night.A.at
B.in
C.by
D.on
7.I know it isn‘t important but I can‘t help____B_about it.A.but to think
B.thinking
C.to think
D.think 8.That‘s all settled.It ___D___talked about.A.shouldn‘t
B.mustn‘t be
C.can‘t
D.needn‘t be 9.Her parents died when she was very young, so she was _A____by her aunt.A.brought up
B.brought out
C.grown up
D.grown 10.__B___he said is quite right.A.That
B.What
C.How
D.Why 11.Don‘t worry.There is ___C___room for all your books here.A.more
B.much
C.enough
D.some 12.---What‘s happened to Tom?-----____D____ to hospital.A.He‘s taken
B.He‘ll be taken
C.He‘ll take
D.He‘ s been taken 13.----I don‘t suppose he will attend the meeting, ___B___? A.won‘t he
B.will he
C.do I
D.don‘t I 14.----____A__fine weather it is!A.What
B.What a
C.How
D.How a
15.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _B___tired of having one examination after another.A.is
B.are
C.am
D.be
三、完型填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。（每题２分，共２０分）Peter Blake is a successful businnessman, but he__16_C___ to be very poor.He had nowhere to live and___17__B__working in a plub when he__18__B_to start his own business.Peter had always __19_D___interested in plants and flowers, ___20_A_he decided to set up a company ___21_B___ cared for plants in big offices.At first he worked on his __22_A___, but soon he took___23_C__two people to help him.The company has been growing __24_B__for the last ten years.Peter is now very rich, __25_A__he complains that now he doesn‘t work with plants but with a computer every day!16)
17)
18)
19)A.would
B.----
C.used
D.use A.did
B.was
C.been
D.has been A.had deciede
B.decided
C.was deciding
D.has decided A.was
B.had
C.being
D.been
20)
A.so
B.but
C.------
D.although 21).A.who
B.which
C.whose
D.-------22).A.own
B.self
C.-----
D.himself 23).A.up
B.over
C.on
D.in 24).A.——
B.up
C.over
D.into 25).A.therefore
B.so
C.but
D.moreover 第三部分 阅读理解(共计30分，每小题2分)
四、阅读下列短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个正确答案，并标在答题纸的相应位置。(每题2分，共20分)短文理解l
An Extraordinary Change of Direction Molly Wilson had been a dancer and a mother for many years when she decided to sail round the world to raise money for charity.As a child she had trained as a ballet dancer, but at 15 she had grown too tall for classical ballet, so she became a member of a pop dance team.She got married, and after she had children she retired from show business to bring them up.They grew up,and when they were 18 they left home.She says, “When I decided to do the round-the-world race, my husband thought Iwas bored because the children had left home.He was also worried because Ihad never sailed before.I was not bored, but Ihad met some people who told me about the race.They had taken part in it, but they had only done one section,say,from New Zealand to Australia.Iwanted to do the whole ten-month journey.Before Molly left she did a lot of training, but it hadn't prepared her for the worst weather which they experienced.She tells one story.”One night the sea was very rough and it was very cold.I had gone downstais when a huge wave smashed into the boat and injured two men on the deck.One of the men couldn;t move because he had broken his leg.They were taken to hospital by helicopter.That was the worst time.“ By the end of October last year,she had raised more than ￡50,000 for chanity.She says, ”sometimes I ask myself, what did I do? How did I do it? But then Ithink, it's the same as being a dancer.Before I left on the trip,I had trained hard.Ihad got very fit and had prepared myself completely.Then on the trip Iwas simply a gook team member."
26.What does the word ―extraordinary‖ mean in the title?
B A.Very ordinary.B.Very unusual and surprising.C.Not special.D.Extreme.27.The sentence ―… my husband throught I was bored …‖ in Para.4 meant that my husband thought I felt ______D_______.A.dissatisfied because I had nothing better to do at home B.annoyed because I had to wait long for my children to come back home C.happy because I could do something I was interested in instead of taking care of children D.sad because all the children left me when they grew up 28.The word ―section‖ in Para.4 most probably means here _______C________.A.group of people B.part of the training C.part of the route of sail D.part of the job 29.Which of the following is nearest(closet)in meaning to ―rough‖ in the sentence ―One night the sea was very rough …‖ in Para.5?
C A.not exact B.difficult C.not smooth because of huge waves D.pleasant 30.The last paragraph suggest that _______A_______.A.the qualities she needed for the trip were the same as those for a dancer B.many years of dancing had already prepared her for the sail completely, so she needn‘t do naything before the journey C.she should be kind to other team members during the trip D.she should not forget dancing during the trip 短文理解 2 In the last 500 years, nothing about people—not their clothes, ideas, or languages – has changed as much as what they eat.The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians.The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500‘s.And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable.In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places.Some still exist today.The potato is also from the New World.Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown.Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the ―Potato Famine‖ of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World.But some others went in the opposite direction.Brazil is now the World‘s largest
grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries.But it is native to Ethiopia.It is first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400‘s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush.He tried one and experienced the ―wide-awake‖ feeling that one-third of the world‘s population now starts the day with.31.According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years? ___A___ A.Food
C.Potato D.Coffee B.Chocolate
32.―Some‖ in ―Some still exist today‖ refers to ________C___.A.some cocoa trees
C.some shops
D.some South American Indians B.some chocolate drinks 33.Thousands of Irish people starved during the ―Potato Famine‖ because _____D______.A.they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.B.they were forced to emigrate to America C.the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato D.the potato harvest was bad 34.Coffee originally came from ___A____.A.Brazil C.Ethiopia
B.Colombia
D.Arabia 35.The Arabic legend is used to prove that _____C____.A.coffee was first discovered by Kaldi B.coffee was first discovered by Kaldi‘s goats
C.coffee was first discovered in South American countries D.coffee drinks were first made by Arabs
五、阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是正确（T），错误（F），还是文章中没有涉及相关信息（NG）。（每题2分，共10分）短文理解3 Lily is 70 years old and she takes care of her 91-year-old mother.She told us about caring for her mother.I wake up early every day, it‘s usually about 6.30 am, and wait until I hear Tilly, my mum, moving about.Then I make her a cup of tea.At about half past seven she gets up and we have breakfast together.We normally just have toast, but on Sundays we always have bacon and eggs.After breakfast she reads the newspaper, then she sits by the window and waves to the neighbours as they walk by.She hardly ever goes out but she is very proud of her personal appearance, so she goes to the hairdresser once a month.She doesn‘t liker being left on her own for very long, so I always arrange for a neighbour to come and sit with her when I go out.Now and again, my friend and neighbour, Joan, comes to spend the day with her, and I can go and have lunch with another friend, May, who lives in town.I have a brother, Syd.He comes to stay two or three times a year.He is very good and keeps in touch, but he lives 300 miles away.Once a year, he collects mum and takes her to stay with him in London for a week.She doesn‘t really like going because it‘s a long journey, but I need the rest.Sally, the nurse, comes to see mum regularly.My next-door neighbour, Jack, often calls in.In the evening we usually watch TV and we sometimes play cards.Mum is fantastic for her age.But I can never decide to go anywhere spontaneously.I always have to plan it, so I feel a bit trapped.But what is the alternative? An old people‘ home? I couldn‘t do that to my mother? 36.Lily wakes before her mother.(T)37.Joan sometimes spends the day with Lily‘s mother.(T)38.Tilly is satisfied with her hairdresser.(T)39.Lily‘s brother comes to visit every three weeks.(F)40.Lily and her mother play cards more than they watch TV.(NG)第四部分：写作（20分）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage on the changes in your life.You should write at least 80 words and could base your writing bu using the hints given below.利用所给提示写一篇短文，说明你生活中的变化。
There have been many changes in my life/ be better off/preserved pickles cramped and gloomy room to big and bright flat/ getting around
Changes in Life 开放英语（3）作业2（Units 7—12）
本作业由四部分组成，第一部分：交际用语；第二部分：英语知识运用；第三部分：阅读理解；第四部分：写作。建议在90分钟内完成本作业。写作部分要求用笔写在给定的位置上。每次作业满分为100分。
第一部分: 交际用语(每题2分, 共10分)
一、阅读下面的小对话，从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。1.-Nice weather, isn‘t it?
--________C________.A.I‘m not sure B.Your know it well C.Yes, it is D.Yes, it isn‘t
2.__What about going for a walk?----__________A___________.A.Why not? A good idea B.That‘s all right C.So, do I D.Walking is good to you 3.----Would you mind if I open the window for a better view?-----___________________C________.A.That‘s fine, thank you B.Yes, please C.Take a seat D.Of course not 4.--Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest supermarket?----____________D___________.A.It‘s not very far from here B.The supermarket is very large C.The goods there are very expensive D.Sorry, sir.I‘m a stranger here myself 5.--What‘s the problem, Harry?-----________D__________.A.No problem B.No trouble at all C.Thank you for asking me about it D.I can‘t remember where I left my glasses 第二部分：英语知识运用（40分）
二、选择填空
阅读下面的句子和对话，从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。小题2分，共20分）
6.---Which do you like better, real movies _____D__ cartoons?-----I prefer cartoons_____real movies.A.and, than B.or, than
C.and, and
D.or, to 7.What a fool I have been!Why ____B___ I think of that before? A.don‘t B.didn‘t
C.not
D.do 8.Time is money!We should _____B___ our time.A.be fit for
B.make good use of C.play a part of
D.take the place of 9.You must explain _____C___ how they succeeded ___________ the experiment.A.of us, for
B.at us, at
C.to us, in
D.for us, to 10.Of all the stories here, I like this one ______C_.It‘s not interesting at all.A.spoken, written
B.speaking, written C.speaking, writing
D.speak, write 11.We must make a difference between _____A__ language and _________ language.A.spoken, written
B.speaking, written C.speaking, writing
D.speak, write 12.I think all these are main points _____A____ much attention.A.being worthy of
B.worthy of C.which worth
D.which worthy of 13.They __B____ the train until it disappeared in the distance.A.saw B.watched
C.noticed
D.observed 8
（每14.——Can I get you a cup of tea? ——____A________.A.that‘s very nice of you B.with pleasure C.you can, please D.thank you for the tea 15.Mary forgot _____B____ a letter to her mother, so she wrote to her just now.A.writing
B.to write D.to have written C.having wrote
三、完型填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。（每题2分，共20分）
A study has shown that fitness is the key _16__A_ long life, irrespective of body shape __17_C____ even smoking habits.Researchers discovered that people who exercise live longer than _18___D_, even if they are overweight and smoke.The study found that _D_19__fit of the 6,000 middle-aged men in the study were five times more likely to die within six years of the start of the research than the fittest.This was true __20___B_ the men had heart problems, smoked or were overweight.Scientists concluded that it was better ___21B___and active than skinny and sedentary.Dr Ken cooper, a fitness expert, said, ― You are better off smoking a packet of cigarettes a day and exercising regularly than___ 22_A__a non-smoker and sedentary.‖ Although he adds, ― But don‘t misunderstand me.I am not endorsing ____23_C__, I am trying to tell you how dangerous it is to be sedentary.‖ The British Government is putting pressure ____24_A____ manufacturers to reduce high levels of sugar in food and to restrict the hard-sell of junk food to children in order to improve the nation‘s health.But the new study suggests the Government should encourage more people ____25__C__.16.A.for 17.A.or
B.of
C.to
D.in D.either
B.and
C.but
18.A.those who does not
B.these who do not
C.these that do not
D.those who do not 19.A.the little 20.A.that
B.less
C.least
D.the least
D.when
B.whether or not
B.to be fat
C.if or not
C.to do C.to be 21.A.being fat
22.A.being
23.A.smoke
D.doing
D.is
D.smoked
B.be
B.to smoke
C.smoking 24.A.on
B.in
C.to
D.for 25.A.exercise B.exercising C.to exercise
D.exercised 第三部分：阅读理解（30分）
四、阅读下列短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确答案，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。（每题2分，共20分）短文理解1
PAT the Dog Did you know there are some very special dogs doing good work in our hospital wards? These are PAT(Pets As Therapy)dogs.Doctors and nurses are recognizing the benefits of pets more and more – particularly for children, people with mental illnesses and elderly people who are separated from their own pets or have had to give up their pets.Stroking and playing with a pet is a calming experience and something to look forward to.One hospital reported that a man with a mental illness, who hadn‘t spoken for years, first stroked and played with a visiting dog and then started talking to it.Today, around 4,500 dogs and 50 cats and their volunteer owners are at work in the UK bringing comfort and pleasure to over 100,000 people in hospital.There are many other ―working dogs‖.There are guard dogs, police dogs, hunting dogs and dogs for the blind.Disabled people benefit greatly.Take the case of Alan Smythe, who has to visit hospital every month.Some things are difficult for him because he is in a wheelchair.But his life has altered dramatically since he got a god, Tess, from the charity ―Dogs for the Disabled‖.―She helps me to get dressed, and she brings me my socks and shoes.She fetches the newspaper from the shop, and she passes me the phone when it rings.I feel so much better too.It‘s like having a really good friend.She comes with me to hospital.Once, she saved my life.I am a diabetic and one day my blood sugar level dropped, and when I was going into a coma she went next door and she alerted my neighbour.He gave me an insulin injection.‖
26.Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage? B A.All the dogs are allowed into the hospitals to visit the patients.B.Only some special dogs can help the patients feel better.C.Doctors and nurses doubt if pets can bring comfort to the patients.D.Doctors and nurses are aware pets will bring benefits to all the patients.27.Pets are particularly beneficial to the following EXCEPT ___C____.A.children B.people with mental illness C.the elderly people who live alone D.the elderly people who have to live apart from their pets 28.The first sentence of Para.2 suggests _____D___.A.touching and playing with a pet makes people nervous and anxious B.pets can make people become quiet and attentive C.people feel uncomfortable when they touch and play with a pet D.people feel relaxed and hopeful when they touch and play with a pet 29.The dog helps Alan do the following EXCEPT ____D____.A.She helps her get dressed B.She accompanies her to the hospital C.She gets the newspaper for her D.She picks up the phone for her 30.The sentence ―when I was going to a comma‖ means that ______D__.A.when I got hungry B.when I felt asleep C.when I became unconscious D.when I fell down on the floor 短文理解 2 A funny thing happened on the way to the communication revolution: we stopped talking to each other.I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his mobile phone rang, interrupting our conversation.There we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and – poof!I was cut off as if I had become absent from the conversation.The part was filled with people talking on their cell phones.They were passing people without looking at them, saying hello, noticing their babies or stopping to pat their dogs.It seems that the limitless electronic voice is preferred to human contact.The telephone used to connect you to the absent.Now it makes people feel absent.Recently I was in a car with three friends.The driver hushed the rest of us because he could not hear the person on the other end of his cell phone.There we were, four friends driving down the high way, unable to talk to each other because of the small thing designed to make communication easier.Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communications technology is a setback to the closeness of human interaction.With e-mail and instant message over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another.With voice mail, you can make entire conversations without ever reaching anyone.If my mom has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine.11 As almost every contact between human beings gets automatic, the emotional distance index goes up.Pumping gas at the station? Why say good-morning to the assistant when you can swipe your credit card at the pump and save yourself the bother of human contact? Making a deposit at the bank? Why talk to the clerk who lives in the neighborhood when you can put your card into the ATM? More and more, I find myself hiding behind e-mail to do a job meant for conversation or being relieved that voice mail picked up because I didn‘t really have time to talk.The technology devoted to helping me keep in touch is making me lonelier.I own a mobile phone, an ATM card, a voice-mail telephone, and an e-mail account.Giving them up isn‘t a choice.They are great for what they are intended to do.It‘s their unintended results that make me upset.What good is all this gee-whiz technology if there is no one in the room to hear you crying out ―Gee whiz‖?
31.The author‘s experience of walking in a park with a friend recently made him feel ____B____.A.unhappy B.funny
C.sunny
D.wonderful 32.According to the author, human contact in a park means ______D_.A.looking at each other and saying hello when passing B.noticing their babies and stopping to pat their dogs C.talking on the mobile phone and getting connected with the other people D.both A and B 33.According to the author, the more connected we get in communications technology, the ___ __C__ we are.A.more automatic
B.easier C.more disconnected D.closer 34.What are the examples the author gives to explain his idea that every advance in communications technology is a setback to the closeness of human interaction?
D A.With e-mail and instant message over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another.B.With voice mail, you can make entire conversations without ever reaching anyone.C.If his mom has a question, he just leaves the answer on her machine.D.All of the above 35.What is the unintended result of communication technology, according to the author? B A.It makes communication easier and conversation possible everywhere/ B.It actually creates a distance between people instead of bringing them together.C.It makes every contact between human beings automatic and makes people feel connected.D.It makes human contacts limitless with electronic voices everywhere.五、阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是正确（T），错误（F），还是文字中没有涉及相关信息（NG）。（每题2分，共10分）短文理解3 The ancient Olympic Games were part of a religious festival in honour of the Greek god Zeus, the father of all Greek gods and goddesses.The festival and games were held in Olympia, a religious sanctuary.The athletes came to Olympia from all parts of the Greek world, from as far as Spain in the west and Turkey in the east.The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 766 BC when Koroibos, a cook from the city of Elis, won a 200-metre-long race.They took place for a period of 617 years until the last games were held in AD 393.In the ancient games, athletes received prizes worth large amounts of money.In fact the word ―athlete‖ is an ancient Greek word, meaning ―one who competes for a prize‖.Although women did not compete in the games, there was a separate festival held at the same time in honour of Hera, wife of Zeus.At this festival unmarried girls competed in foot races.The marathon was not an event of the ancient Olympic Games.The marathon is a modern event that was first introduced in the Olympic Games in 1896.It was named after a village called Marathon where the Persians were defeated by a small Greek army.The news of the victory was brought to Athens by soldier, who ran the 26 miles from the village of Marathon to the capital.26 miles was therefore adopted as the distance of the modern marathon race.The Olympic flag was introduced in 1908 and carries the symbol of five linked rings.Which represent the five continents---Africa, America, Asia, Australasia and Europe.The Olympic flame was first carried in the 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles.There was no torch relay in the ancient Olympic Games.The first torch relay in the modern Olympic Games was staged in Berlin in 1936.36.The ancient Greeks held the first Olympic Games in 617 BC.（F）37.The ancient Greeks held the Olympic Games for 393 years.（F）
38.They did not allow women to compete in the ancient Olympic Games.（T）39.They first used the Olympic flag in 1908.（T）
40.Both the Olympic Games and the Marathon Race are very popular for old and young people in many countries of the world.（NG）第四部分：写作（20分）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage on the changes in your life.You should write at least 80 words and could base your writing bu using the hints given below.It is necessary to keep a balanced diet/ had better/it is important to do regular exercises /it is essential to keep high mood/ renew our spirits and release our stress/be bound to keep healthy
How to Keep Healthy 开放英语（3）作业3
（Units 13—18）
本作业由四部分组成，第一部分：交际用语；第二部分：英语知识运用；第三部分：阅读理解；第四部分：写作。建议在90分钟内完成本作业。写作部分要求用笔写在给定的位置上。每次作业满分为100分。
第一部分: 交际用语(每题2分, 共10分)
一、阅读下面的小对话，从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。1.——— Hello, May I talk to the headmaster now? ——______A__________.A.sorry, he is busy at the moment B.No, you can‘t C.Sorry, you can‘t D.I don‘t know
2.—— Would you like to have dinner with us this evening?-----—______C______.A.Ok, but I have to go to a meeting now B.No, I can‘t
C.Sorry, but this evening I have to go to the airport to meet my parents D.I don‘t know
3.——Oh, sorry to bother you.—— _______A___.A.That‘s okay
B.No, you can‘t
C.That‘s good.D.Oh, I don‘t know 4.--——Can you turn down the radio, please? ——__________B____.A.Oh, I know B.I‘m sorry, I didn‘t realize it was that loud C.I‘ll keep it down next time D.Please forgive me 5.——Woulde you like to see the memu? ——______A______.A.No, thanks, I already know what to order B.Your menu is very clear C.I hear the food here is tasty D.The setting is very comfortable 第二部分：英语知识运用（40分）
二、选择填空
阅读下面的句子和对话，从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。（每小题2分，共20分）
6.I prefer classic music ____D___ pop music.A.than B.on
C.with
D.to 7.All the team members tried their best.We lost the game, _A____.A.however B.therefore
C.since
D.as 8.When we were having a meeting, the diector ____B___ the bad news by telephone.A.was telling B.was told C.could tell D.would tell 9.Silk ___B_____ by Chinese for thousands of yours now.A.has used B.has been use
C.was used D.is used 10.You __B___ to lock the door at night.A.should B.ought
C.must
D.shall 11.Before I got to the cinema, the film ___A______.A.had begun B.has begun
C.is begun
D.was beginning 12.The patient acted on the doctor‘s ____B___ and finally recovered.A.advices
B.advice
C.advise
D.advises 13.A lecture hall is __C_____ where students attend lectures.A.there B.which
C.one
D.that 14.I‘m tired.I _____B__ working very hard.A.have
B.have been
C.had
D.has 15.Let me ____B____ the case carefully before I draw a conclusion.A.look up
三、完型填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。（每题2分，共20分）B.look into
C.look after D.look out 15 Although international travel is usually an ___16B__ and pleasant experience, travellers should take steps to ensure that their health does not suffer either ____17__C____ their time ________ the air or _________ their time abroad.Before you go, check with your doctor or local travel clinic ____18_C__ injections are necessary for the areas you are travelling ___19__C_.Allow sufficient time to have these injections before you ____20_C__ because they may take time to become effective.Be sure that the information on health is up-to-date.Check on the Internet if you are not sure.Don‘t go to bed late the day ____21_D___ you fly.Your body has a natural daily sleep pattern.It takes time to adjust to a new time one.There are many different ____22__A_ of jet lag: you may not be able to sleep, you may not want to eat or you may feel sick and tired.You may not be able to concentrate for some days after you arrive.There are several things you can do to ___23___D___ the effects of jet lag:---Do your __24__C__ to relax during the flight---Sleep as much as you can on the flight.Use a mild sleeping pill if necessary.---Drink as much water as you can.---Don‘t drink alcohol and caffeine.---Take mild sleeping pills ___25__D___ the first few days in the new thime zone if you need them.16.A.excited B.exciting
C.excitted
D.excitting 17.A.of, on, of
B.of, in, of
C.from, in, from
D.from, on, from 18.A.where 19.A.---
B.---B.in
C.which C.to
D.that D.at 20.A.will leave
B.is leaving
21.A.after
22.A.effects 23.A.short
24.A.good
25.A.at B.in
C.leave
C.on
D.have left
D.before
B.effect
B.shorten B.better
C.affect
C.less
D.affects
D.lessen
D most
D.on
C.best
C.of
B.for
第三部分：阅读理解（30分）
四、阅读下列短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确答案，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。（每题2分，共20分）短文理解1 People all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pullution.Pollution is caused either by man‘s release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance, such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts.In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste.Food comes wrapped up three of four times in packages that all have to be disposed of;drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which can‘t be reused.This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metal and paper.Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy.Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess use and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.26.The main cause of pollution is ____A__.A.the release of artificial or natural substances into the environment B.the production of new industrial goods C.increased amounts of a natural substance D.our ever-increasing population 27.Much of the pollution could be controlled if only _C____.A.people would pay more attention to the problem B.governments would take effective measures C.all sides concerned would make more efforts D.farmers would use less artificial fertilizers 28.Food packages, bottles and tins for drinks can cause ___B______.A.air and water pollution B.both a litter problem and a waste of resources C.to pay for the service D.to produce the receipt 29.Which of the following can not help solving the problem of pollution?
B A.Cutting out unnecessary buying B.Eating C.Reduce excess use D.Carefully dispose our daily products 30.What does the underlined word ‗ litter‖ mean in paragraph 2?
C A.not many B.serious problem C.bits of waste things D.industrial pollution 短文理解2 Benjamin Disraeli, the famous nineteenth century prime minister, said, ―London is not a city, it it a nation.‖ Today this is an understatement;London, with its vast range of different ethnic groups, is a world.Certainly, London is the most culturally diverse city in the world.The city was founded by the Romans and since then new arrivals have constantly added to its character and prosperity.Within 10 years 40% of Londoners will be from ethnic origin, but most of them will have been born in Britain.Children of Caribbean—Chinese marriages will go to school with children of Russian—Irish couples.None of them will be English but all of them will be Londoners.Most of Britain‘s ethnic minority residents live in the capital, speaking over 300 languages.Nearly all of the African population and many of the Caribbean population of Britain live in London(83% and 58% respectively);39% of the Chinese population of Britain and 36% of the Asian population of London.There are an estimated 330,000 refugees and asylum seekers living in London, with most recent arrivals coming from Eastern Europe, North Africa and Kurdistan.Young people, in particular, are skilled at dealing with a large number of different and hybrid cultures.They themselves often have several different ethnic identities since their parents and grandparents may come from several different backgrounds and their friends and partners do also.They are ― skilled cross-cultural travellers‘ without leaving their home-town.31.Why does the writer think that Bejamin Disraeli‘s statement is an understatement?___D____ A.part of the world B.even larger than some coutries in the world C.not a nation at all D.a miniature world thanks to its great cultural diversity 32.London is regarded as the most culturally diverse city in the world due to the following facts EXCEPT that ____D___.A.within 10 years 40% Londoners will be from ethnic minority groups B.most of Britain‘s ethnic minority groups live in London speaking over 300 languages.C.London accommodates about 330,000 refugees and asylum seekers from many other countries D.many young people are immigrants from different baqckgrounds 33.Ethnic minority groups will make up ____B__ of the London population in the future.A.36% B.40% C.39% D.36% 34.The last paragraph mainlu tells us in London _____D_____.A.young people are from different backgrounds B.young people are raised in a multicultural environment C.young people find it hard to adapt themselves to hybrid cultures D.young people feel at ease with a large number of diversified cultures 35.The passage mainly deals with ____C______.A.the advantage of hybrid cultures in London B.the composition of the population in London C.the cultural diversity in London D.the contribution make by the new arrivals to London
五、阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是正确（T），错误（F），还是文字中没有涉及相关信息（NG）。（每题2分，共10分）短文理解3 Joan Evans was born in Liverpool, England in 1928, but she didn‘t live there very long.Her father was a soldier and was sent by the government to India.He took all his family with him, and they lived in Calcutta(加尔各答), in a house which the army gave them.Joan liked living in India.She liked the food and the warm weather.As a child, she would go to school in the morning, but in the afternoon, she used to go out riding on her horse.When she was 20, the British left India and family returned to Liverpool.Joan didn‘t want to returen with them, so she decided to get a job and stay in India.In the 1940‘s in India there were not many jobs that an English woman could do, so she decided to study to become a nurse and work in a hospital there.Joan finished her studies in 1950 and started working in a large hospital caring for sich children.She was a very good nurse because she was very kind and worked very hard.When she was working at the hospital, she met a doctor named Gupta.Joan and Gupta started going to restaurants and the cinema together, and soon decided to get married.Joan‘s family returned to India for the wedding.After two more years working in the hospital with Gupta, Joan decided that she wanted to be more to help the sick children in the city.She knew that the hospital only helped the children whose parents could pay for the medicine the children needed.Joan decided to start a charity(慈善团体)to help children whose parents didn‘t have enough money.19 The charity Joan started has now become the largest children‘s charity in India.It has helped over 40,000 children since it was set up in 1955.It has grown and now helps children in other cities as well as Calcutt.In 1992 the charity built its own hospital in Calcutta.Many people who are alive today owe their life to（把……归功于）Joan‘s dreams.36.Joan‘s father bought a house in Calcutta.(F)37.It wasn‘t easy for Joan to find a job in India.(T)38.Joan had wanted to work with children since she was a little gir.(NG)39.Joan started the charity because she wanted a better job.(F)40.The charity helps children in several cities.(T)第四部分：写作（20分）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage on the changes in your life.You should write at least 80 words and could base your writing bu using the hints given below.Be engaged in long distance education/ web-based courses / join online discussion forums/send our homework to the tutor/solve the difficulties and puzzles in tutorial
My TV University Life 20
第二篇：电大心理学形成性考核册作业答案
电大2010春汉文本科专业心理学形成性考核作业3参考答案
（第7—9章）
一、名词解释（每题2.5分，共25分）
1．自我实现需要
答：自我实现需要是马斯洛需要层次论中最高层次的需要，是指人有发挥自己能力与实现自身理想和价值的需要。
2．成就动机
答：成就动机是指对自认重要或有价值的工作或活动，个人愿意去做并力求成功的一种内在推动力量，是个体克服困难、力求成功的内部动力。
3．权力动机
答：就是对权力的欲求，是一种强烈地影响别人或支配别人的欲望。
4．亲和动机
答：是指个体愿意归属于一种团体，喜欢与人交往，希望得到别人的关心、友谊、爱情、支持、合作与赞赏。
5．智力G因素与S因素
答：英国心理学家斯皮尔曼根据人们完成智力作业时成绩的相关程度，提出能力由两种因素组成：一种是普通能力或普遍因素，简称G因素，它是人的基本心理潜能，是决定一个人能力高低的主要因素。另一种是特殊能力或特殊因素，简称S因素，它是保证人们完成某些特定的作业或活动所必需的。许多特殊因素与某种普遍因素结合在一起，就组成人的智力。
6．情境智力
答：有目的地适应环境、塑造环境和选择新环境的能力，统称为情境智力。
7．智商
答：智商也叫智力商数，常用IQ表示，是根据一种智力测验的作业成绩所计算出的分数，它代表了个体的智力年龄与实际年龄的关系。
8．人格
答：人格是个体在对人、对己、对事反应时所显示出的特有模式，这个模式构成一个人思想、情感行行为的稳定而统一的心理品质。
9．认知风格
答：认知风格是指人们在对事物、现象或人进行认识过程中，个人所偏爱使用的加工信息方式，也叫认知方式。
10．气质与性格
答：气质是表现在心理活动的强度、速度、灵活性与指向性等方面的稳定的心理特征，即我们平常所说的脾气、秉性。性格是一种与社会相关最密切的人格特征，表现了人们对现实和周围世界的态度，并显示在他的行为举止中，主要体现在对自己、对别人、对事物的态度上和所采取的言行上。
二、简答题（每题5分，共50分）
1．简述马斯洛需要层次理论的主要观点。
答：马斯洛的动机需要层次论认为动机归纳为五大类，即生理的需要、安全的需要、归属与爱的需要、尊重的需要和自我实现的需要。生理的需要是人类生存的最基本、最原始的本能需要。安全的需要是生理需要的延伸，在生理需要得到满足后就产生安全需要。归属与爱的需要是指感情与归属上的需要，体现了人有明确的社会需要和人际关系需要。尊重的需要包括自我尊重和受人尊重两种需要。自我实现的需要是最高层次的需要，是指人有发挥自己能力与实现自身理想和价值的需要。
2．什么是动机？动机和需要、诱因是怎样的关系？
答：动机是引起和维持个体活动，并使活动朝向某一目标的内部动力。需要是引发动机的内在条件，诱因是引发动机的外在条件。
3．动机强度越大，行为效果越好吗？用耶克斯——多的森定律来说明。
答：在一般情况下，动机强度和任务表现之间的关系是一个倒U曲线的关系，也称为耶克斯—多德森法则。动机的强度需要有一个适宜的水平，动机过强或者过弱都不利于高效率地完成任务。一般来说，对于中等难度的任务来说，中等强度的动机最利于任务表现。而当任务非常难时，动机水平低一些会更有利于行为表现。
4．简述有关能力或智力的主要理论（代表人物和主要观点）。
答：（1）独立因素说。代表人物桑代克，认为人的能力是由许多独立的成分或因素构成的，不同能力和不同因素是彼此没有关系的，能力的发展只是单个能力独立的发展。（2）二因素说。英国心理学家斯皮尔曼提出能力由两种因素组成：一种是普通能力或普遍因素，简称G因素。另一种是特殊能力或特殊因素，简称S因素。（3）智力多元理论。美国心理学家加德纳提出，认为智力内涵是多元的，由7种相对独立的智力成分所构成。每种智力都是一个单独的功能系统，这些系统可以相互作用，产生外显的智力行为。
5．使用智力测验时应注意哪些问题？
答：在使用智力测验时，应该意识到智力测验可能存在的局限性，避免对测验结果的滥用。（1）如果使用不当，往往会给一个儿童贴上标签，这个标签半将跟随他终身，而实际上人的智力是一个动态发展的过程。（2）使用那种只给出单一智商值的测量可能不太恰当，因为人的智力有多种成分，单一的智商值不能分别表明一个人许多方面的能力。（3）有些智力测验有很大的文化偏见，如一些题目可能更有利于城市的孩子而不利于农村的孩子。（3）许多因素会影响智力测验的结果，如健康状况、环境氛围、心理状态等。
6．如何理解能力的个体差异。
答：能力的个体差异主要表现在：（1）能力发展水平的差异。即在智力发展水平上，不同的个体所达到的最高水平并不相同。（2）能力表现早晚的差异。人的能力发展过程有不同形态有人早慧，有人大器晚成。能力表现早晚差异有三种模式，一是稳定发展，是大多数人的发展模式，二是早慧，年龄很小时就表现出才华，三是大器晚成。（3）能力结构的差异，每个人智力的结构总是会存在或多或少的区别。（4）能力的性别差异，主要表现在一些特殊能力方面。能力的个体差异是由遗传因素、环境与教育、自身努力等先天与后天因素共同影响的结果。
7．简述人格的概念及其基本特征。
答：人格是个体对人、对己、对事反应时所显示出的特有模式，这个模式构成一个人思想、情感和行为的稳定而统一的心理品质。人的基本特征主要有独特性、稳定性、统合性、功能性。
8．简述人格的自我调控系统的成分及其作用。
答：自我调控系统是人格中的内控系统，它分为自我认知、自我体验、自我控制三个子系统。其作用是对人格的各种万分进行调控，保证人格的完整、统一与和谐。
9．简述有关人格的主要理论（代表人物和主要观点）。
答：（1）人格特质理论。主要代表人物是美国心理学家奥尔波特和卡特尔。奥尔波特把特质分为共性和个性两类。共同物质是在某一社会文化形态下，大多数人或群体所具有的共同特质；个人特质是指个体身上所独具的特质。卡特尔提出了16种相互独立的根源特质。20世纪80年代末以来，人格研究者们在人格描述模式上达成了比较一致的共识，提出了现代“五因素”特质理论。这五种人格特质表现为神经质、外向性、开放性、宜人性、尽责性。（2）人格类型说。代表人物为德国心理学家施特恩。类型模式主要是用以描述一类人与另一类人之间的心理差异，他把类型概括为三种模式：单一型式；对立型模式；多元型模式。（3）人格维度说。人格维度是将人格特征差异放在一个连续变量上进行描述的方法。艾森克是人格维度说的重要代表人物，他提出了两个基本的人格维度，即外倾—内倾、情绪稳定性。两个维度构成四各人格类型：偏于内倾又情绪稳定的黏液质；偏于外倾又情绪不稳定的胆汁质；偏于内倾而情绪不稳定的抑郁质；偏于外倾而情绪稳定的多血质。
10．人格测量的方法有哪些？各有哪些特点与不足？
答：（1）测验法。是在标准化的技术条件下，对受测者的行为和内部心理变化进行探察和鉴别的方法。其优点是题目数固定，题目内容具体而清楚，施测简单，记分方便。缺点是因编制时缺乏客观指标，不容易保证有效性；而且测验内容多属于情绪、态度等方面的问题，每个人对同一问题常因时空的改变而选择不同答案；还难免出现反应的偏向。（2）投射法。是以人格的精神分析理论为依据，投射测验一般是由若干个模棱两可的刺激所组成，被试可任加解释，使自己的动机、态度、感情以及性格等在不知不觉中反映出来，然后由主试将其反应加以分析，就可以推出若干人格特征。投射法主要有罗夏克墨渍测验和主题统觉测验。投射测验的优点是弹性大，可在不限制被试的状况下，任其随意反应。其缺点有；一是评分缺乏客观标准，对测验结果难以进行解释。二是对特定行为不能提供较好的预测。三是需要花费大量时间。（3）情境测验。是将被试放在类似或模拟“真实”的标准情境中，通过观察被试的实际表现以推测其能力、品行或人格的方法。情境测验多用于测查人的实际能力，以及与工作要求相匹配的人格特征。具有较强的针对性和可信性。
三、论述题（共25分）
1．试述主要的工作动机理论，并结合实际谈谈如何运用工作动机理论激励员工的工作动机。（9分）
答：工作动机理论主要有X理论、Y理论和双因素理论。
X理论把人看作是“经济人”，认为人的工作动机受外在刺激所驱使，人们工作是为了获得经济报酬。这种理论特别重视满足职工及安全的需要，同时很重视惩罚，认为惩罚是最有效的管理工具。
Y理论认为，人是负责、有创造力的，人们工作不是为了外在的物质刺激，而是出于一种要将工作做好的内驱力。
双因素理论认为，影响职工工作积极性的因素可分为两类：保健因素和激励因素。保健因素是那些造成职工不满意感的因素，它们的改善能够解除职工的不满意感，但不能使职工感到满意并激发起职工的积极性。激励因素就是那些使职工感动满意的因素，唯有它们的改善才能让职工感到满意，给职工以较高的激励，调动积极性，提高劳动生产率。
根据动机理论，员工的工作动机受多种因素影响。激励员工的工作动机不能单靠物质手段，应当物质与精神手段相结合，惩罚与奖励相结合，既要改善企业政策、行政管理、工资发放、劳动保护、工作监督、人事关系等保健因素，又要改善工作表现机会、工作本身乐趣、工作成就感、对未来发展的期望、职务上的责任感等激励因素。
2．联系实际论述影响能力发展的因素（8分）
答：（1）遗传因素。能力尤其是智力，具有遗传性，父母智力水平高，其孩子很可能智力会相对较高。（2）环境与教育的因素。环境影响人，环境塑造人，包括产前环境、儿童早期环境能能力都有很大影响。胎儿生活在母体的环境中，这种环境对胎儿的生长发育及出生后智力的发展，都有重要的影响。许多研究表明，母亲怀孕期间服药、患病、大量吸烟、遭受过多的辐射、营养不良等，能造成染色体受损或影响胎儿细胞数量，使胎儿发育受到影响，甚至直接影响出生后婴儿的智力发展。在儿童成长的整个过程中，智力的发展速度是不均衡的，往往是先快后慢。美国著名的心理学家布卢姆对近千人进行追踪研究后，提出这样的假说，即五岁前是儿童智力发展最为迅速的时期。日本学者木村久一提出了智慧发展的递减规律，他认为，生下来就具有100分能力的人，如果一出生就得到最恰当的教育，那么就可以成为有100分能力的人；如从五岁才得到最恰当的教育，那么就只能具有80分能力；若从十岁才开始教育，就只能成为有60分能力的人。可见，发展能力要重视早期环境的作用。一个人能朝什么方向发展，发展水平的高低、速度的快慢，主要取决于后天的教育条件。家庭环境、生活方式，家庭成员的职业、文化修养、兴趣、爱好以及家长对孩子的教育方法与态度，对儿童能力的形成与发展有极大的影响。如歌德小时候，歌德的父亲就对他进行有计划多方面的教育，经常带他参观城市建筑物，并讲解城市的历史，以培养他对美的欣赏和历史的爱好；他的母亲也常给他讲故事，每讲到关键之处便停下来，留给歌德去想象，待歌德说出自己的想法后，母亲再继续讲。歌德从小就受到良好的家庭教育，这为他能成为世界著名的大诗人打下了基础。在教育条件中，学校教育在学生能力发展中则起主导作用。学校教育是有计划、有组织、有目的地对学生施加影响，因此，不但可以使学生掌握知识和技能，而且在学习和训练的同时促进了其能力的发展。在教育教学中发展学生的能力并不是无条件的、绝对的、自发的，而是依赖教育教学内容的正确选择、教学过程的合理安排、教学方法的恰当使用等。（3）自身努力。人的能力是在实践活动中形成发展起来的。离开了解实践活动，即使有良好的素质和环境，能力也得不到发展。能力的提高离不开个人的主观努力，许多名人在总结自己的成功经验时都非常强调主观努力的结果。在个体努力过程中，诸如动机、勤奋、谦虚和坚强的毅力等都有助于能力的形成和发展。
能力是多种因素共同影响的结果。先天和后天的因素往往交织在一起，共同影响个体能力的发展过程和水平差异。
3．结合实例说明影响人格形成与发展的因素（8分）
答：影响人格形成与发展的因素很多，生理遗传因素、家庭因素、童年经历、学校教育、社会因素、自然环境等都对人格产生了不同程度的影响。简言之，人格是在遗传与环境交互作用下逐渐形成的。
（1）生物遗传因素。双生子的研究说明遗传对人格具有重要影响。但遗传因素对人格的作用程度却因人格特征的不同而异。在个体发展中，人格是遗传与环境交互作用的结果，遗传因素影响人格的发展方向。
（2）家庭环境因素。社会遗传因素主要表现为家庭对子女的教育作用，父母按照自己的意愿和方式教育孩子，使他们逐渐形成了某些人格特征。权威型教养方式下成长的孩子，容易形成消极、被动、依赖、服从、懦弱、做事缺乏主动性，甚至不诚实的人格特征。放纵型教养方式下成长的孩子，多表现为任性、幼稚、自私、野蛮、无礼、独立性差、唯我独尊、蛮横胡闹等。民主型教养方式下成长的孩子，容易形成比如活泼、快乐、直爽、自立、彬彬有礼、善于交往、容易合作、思想活跃等积极人格品质。
（3）早期童年经验。早期童年经验是影响人格发展的一个重要因素，幸福的童年有利于儿童向健康人格发展，不幸的童年也会引发儿童不良人格的形成。但两者之间并不存在一一对应关系。早期儿童经验是否对人格造成永久性影响也因人而异。
（4）学校教育因素。教师对学生人格的发展具有指导定向的作用。同伴群体对学生人格也具有巨大影响。班集体是学校的基本团体组织结构，班集体的特点、要求、舆论和评价对学生人格发展具有“弃恶扬善”的作用。
（5）社会文化因素。社会文化塑造了社会成员的人格特征，使其成员的人格结构朝着相似性的方向发展，而这种相似性又具有维系一个社会稳定的功能。这种共同的人格特征又使个人正好稳稳地“嵌入”整个文化形态里。
（6）自然物理因素。生态环境、气候条件、空间拥挤程度等物理因素都会影响人格。
综上所述，人格是先后天的合金，是遗传与环境交互作用的结果。在人格的培育过程中，各个因素对人格的形成与发展起到了不同的作用。遗传决定了人格发展的可能性，环境决定了人格发展的现实性，其中教育起到了关键性作用，自我调控系统是人格发展的内部决定因素。
第三篇：2011年电大英语形成性考核册答案
卡号：20359263670032 密码：628659
2010年秋开放英语(2)形成性考核册参考答案
2010年秋开放英语(2)形成性考核册参考答案
学前准备 参考答案 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C.完成下面的记录卡1，一起Unit 19 Unit 23这五个单元里你学习到的主要语法/功能总结一下：
三种时态之1：一般过去式（Unit 19）
从你学过的动词中各找出两个规则动词和不规则动词，写出动词原形和过去式： 规则动词：talk talked listen listened不规则动词：go went come came 写出下面句子的否定句和疑问句：
Tom went to see his parents in the country.否定句：Tom didn't go to see his parents in the country.疑问句：Did Tom go to see his parents in the country ?
三种时态之2：用进行时、和表示将来（Unit 21）将下面三个句子翻译成汉语：
Dave's picking up the van tomorrow.戴维明天要用货车运货。
I'm going to buy him a violin for his birthday.我打算买一把小提琴给他过生日。I'm tired.I'll take a taxi to there.我累了，我要坐出租车去那儿。举例说明现在完成时的用法。He has lived there for ten years.I have read the book.三组近义词的区分：（选择正确答案）prefer和 rather（Unit 20）
----Would you like to go tk the ciema ?
-----I'd _____(rather，prefer√)to go tk the theatre.rent和hire（Unit 21）
I'm going to _____(rent√, hire)a flat.Play , do ,go与运动项目搭配时的区别（Unit 22）I _____(do√，Play ,go)Kung Fu every Friday.He likes to _____(do Play√ ,go)chess in his free time.两个句型的用法：（翻译下面的句子）not …until…（Unit 19）
他直到10点才起床。He didn't get up until ten o'clock.too和not enough（Unit 23）
A：这件衬衫太小了。This shirt is too small.B：不，我觉得够大了。No,I think it is big enough.两个评议功能：（各编写一组小对话）
如何点餐Could we have ….? I'll have…（Unit 20）Could we have some tea ? I'll have some milk.0 提出建议How about …,Shall we …?Let's …（Unit 20）
How about seeing this one ?Why don't we go to a restaurant ? Shall we go to the theatre tonight ? 日积月累：在你的小笔记本上，积累下列语言点。
动词后面可以直接跟动名词（）作宾语，还有哪些动词/词组用法相似呢 ？ Like，love，consid，play 你在学习了形容词的比较级和最高级，积累不规则变化的形容词。
Good→ better→ best;bad→worse →worst;many /much→more →morst
开放英语作业1： 第一部分 交际用语
1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B 第二部分 词汇与结构
6.C 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.B 11.B 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.C 19.C 20.C 21 B 22 A 23.C 24.B 25.C 第三部分 句 过型变换 26—30小题：根据括号里的提示或利用括号里的词语改写下列句子。
26.Tim didn’t stay in the meeting.He left the office.（用instead of将两个句子连成一句）
Instead of staying in the meeting, Tom left the office.27.Where is the restaurant?（用He asked 改写成间接特殊疑问句）He asked where the restaurant was.28.That cinema is very nice.The tickets are quite expensive.（用but将两句连成一句）
That cinema is very nice, but the tickets are quite expensive.29.He’s gone to Shanghai.He’s negotiating a new contract.（用动词不定式将两句连成一句）
He’s gone to Shanghai to negotiate a new contract.30.He didn’t run fast.He didn’t catch the bus.（用enough… to 将两句连成一句）He didn’t run fast enough to catch the bus.第四部分 阅读理解
31.C 32.B 33.A 34.B 35.B 36.A 37.B 38.B 3.A.40.A第五部分 翻译(l41.虽然这部电影非常令人愉快，但是太长了。42.桑迪穿了条黑色的长丝裙。43 我得在六点前到达机场。|44.我一定是把相机丢在商店里了。p!45.帐目现在有点乱，必须要在下个月清理好。: :学习记录卡2 ::完成下面的记录卡，一起来把到这个单元里你学习到的主要语法/功能总结下： 时态比较：现在完成时VS一般过去时(Unit 26,Unit 28)选择合适的时态完成下列句子： I spoke(speak)with Max last night.Have you ever been(be)to China ? I have already seen(see)the film.注意和时间词last night ,ever ,already相搭配的时态。时态连用：过去进行时+一般过去时(Unit 29)翻译下面两句话：
I was driving along the motorway when my car broke down.我在高速公路上驱车前行时，车子抛锚了。
While I was having a cup of tea ,someone stole my wallet.当我在喝茶时，有人偷了的钱包。
“两者之一”、“两者都”、“两者都不”(Unit 25)“大” 从either/either of…/either…or;neither/neither of…/neither …nor…;both/bothof…/both…and…中选词填空。The new web page can be either blue or red.新的网页可以是蓝色的，也可以是红色的。Which of the two books do you like ? 两本书你喜欢哪本？ neither of them ,thanks.两本都不喜欢，谢谢。Both the Eiffel and the Concorde have email facilities.Eiffel和Concorde酒店都有收发电子邮件设备。“自己做”还是“让别人做”(Unit 25)“大
翻译下面含有have/get sth done句型的句子： I have the car serviced every three months.我每隔三个月让人维修一次汽车。
I am getting the TV repaird tomorrow.明天我得修一下电视。写出所有的反身代词：
单数：myself yoursef limself herself itself 复数：ourselves yourselves themselves 介词用来描述地理位置（Unit 25，Unit 29）、表示移动方向（(Unit 26）：（翻译下面的句子）
The hotel is surrounded by fields and woods.这家旅店周围是田地和树林。
My home is far from the city centre.我家离市中心很远。
He walks towards the window.他向窗户走去。
The went down the road.他们沿着小路走下去。
Beijing is northwest of Chongqing.从天津驾车到北京一小时的路程。
Chengdu is northwest of Chongqing.成都在重庆的西北方向。
时间段和时间点：从by / until((Unit26)； before / after / while(Unit26)；for/ since(Unit27)中选词填空
I'll finish my homework by 9 o'clock.I'm in a meeting until 1:00.He has lived in London for three years.We've become good friends since last summmer.Before they left ,they had a cooffe.After they landed ,they went to the conference.While they were eating ,they discussed the website.情态动词表示推测、惋惜(Unit26)哪句语句最肯定？
He could be at home.He cant be at home.He must be at home.√
下面哪句话表示了“我本该把包放在家里了”这句话的意思： I could have put the bag at home.I should have put the bag at home.√ I must have put the bag at home.功能句 除了前面学到的用How about…,Why don't…,Shaii we …,Lets…提出建议，在Unit29晤面，你学到了用If I were you,Id(I would)+动词原形这种委婉地提出建议的说话。你能用这个句型造个句子吗？ If I were you.I,d got there.开放英语作业2：)S 第一部分 交际英语
(1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.A 第二部分 词汇与结构
6.C 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.B 21.B 22.A 23.B 24.C 25.C 第三部分 句型变换
26—30小题：根据括号里的提示或利用括号里的词语改写下列句子。
26.I went shopping.I needed a new pair of shoes.（用because将两个句子连成一句）
I went shopping because I needed a new pair of shoes./ Because I needed a new pair of shoes, I went shopping.27.“Can you phone me later, Susan?” said David.（用ask, to 改写句子）David asked Susan to phone him later.28.I’m a teacher and she is also a teacher.（用so改写句子）I’m a teacher.So is she.29.She forgot about the meeting yesterday.（用What 针对the meeting改写句子）What did she forget about yesterday? 30.His neighbor heard them.They make a noise.（用动词ing 形式改写成一句话）His neighbor heard them making a noise.第四部分 阅读理解;31.B 32.C 33.C 34.A 35.A 36.B 37.B 38.B 39.A 40.A 第五部分 翻译
41.我们有足够的钱改进网站。42.你像你的母亲或父亲吗？
43.我周五得从房子里搬出来，因为佛朗哥又招了一位房客。44.奥运会是世界上规模最大的体育赛事之一。
45.到时见了面咱们把这些日子发生的事聊一聊，会多开心啊。学习记录卡3 完成下面的记录卡,一起来把Unit31到Unit35这五个单元里你学习到的主要语法／功能总结一下：
被动语态的用法和构成（Unit32）把下面三个句子变成被动语态： Mary cleans the room every day.The room is cleaned every day by Mary.His neighbor stole the laptop.The laptop was stolen by his neighbour.They have contacted the police.The police have been contacted by them.与现在或将来情况相反的虚拟条件句（Unit33）
根据你自己的情况，写一段话，用到If I …, I would… 句型。
Now I’m living in a small house.If I had enough money, I’d buy a bigger flat.间接引语的用法和构成（Unit 32）把下面三个句子变成间接引语：
Jim said, “I like swimming.” Jim said he liked swimming.Susan asked, “How do you like the party?” Susan asked me how I liked the party.“Have you got my bag?” she asked.She asked if I had got her bag.*注意直接引语中的人称代词、动词时态以及疑问词在间接引语中的转换。定语从句（非限定性和限定性）（Unit 34／Unit 35）把下面的句子翻译成汉语：
He bought the trousers that I chose for him.他买了我给他挑选的裤子。
This is the house where she lives.这就是她住的房子。
Our designer, who joined us last year, works very hard.我们的设计师工作很努力，他是去年加入我们的。反意疑问句（Unit 33）用反意疑问句完成下列句子。
She looks like her mother, doesn’t she.Let’s go to the cinema, shall we? You didn’t order the cheese, did you?
看到／听到／感觉到…某事正在发生：see/hear/feel… sb doing sth(Unit32)试着翻译下面的句子：
我看到她上了公共汽车。I saw her getting on the bus.动词－ing 形式和动词不定式 to do（Unit35）下面哪句对，哪句错？
They haven’t got enough time to design the garden.（对）I asked him giving me the accounts tomorrow.（错）更正：I asked him to give me the accounts tomorrow.She is not good at to repair the bicycle.(错)更正：She is not good at repairing the bicycle.表示义务／责任／不允许／不必的have to, must和be allowed to, don’t have to的用法（Unit34）选词填空：
I must go to bed early tonight.I’m so tired.I have to leave now.My sister is waiting for me.You mustn’t smoke here because they sell petrol.You don’t have to pay for that.It’s free.介词词组in spite of , apart from 和 except for（Unit 33）选词填空：
In spite of the rain and the wind, he came on time.A part from Polly, they all frank red wine.对对方的说法表示同感 neither, nor, not… either, so（Unit 35）把下面的句子翻译成英语： 我不抽烟，他也不抽烟。I don’t smoke, neither does he.Tim丢了相机，Marry也丢了相机。Tim lost his camera, so did Mary.日积月累：在你的笔记本上积累下面的语言点。开放英语（2）形成性考核册作业3答案 第一部分 交际用语
1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 第二部分 词汇与结构
6.C 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.A 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.B 21.B 22.B 23.C 24.A 25.B 第三部分 句型变换 26—30小题：根据括号里的提示或利用括号里的词语改写下列句子。26.He stole the laptop.（改为被动语态）The laptop was stolen(by him).27.Tim didn’t go to work the next day.He cleared up the flat.（用instead of 将两句合成一句）
Instead of going to work the next day, Tim cleared up the flat.28.“I can’t find my notebook,” she said.（改为间接引语）She said she couldn’t find her notebook.29.It was a place.He wanted to go there.（用where将两句合成一句）It was a place where he wanted to go.30.Tim has lost his camera.I have lost my camera.（用so 将两句合成一句）Tim has lost his camera and so have I.第四部分 阅读理解
31.A 32.B 33.C 34.B 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.A 39.A 40.A 第五部分 翻译 41.昨天我擦了窗户.42.他过去常在星期天打篮球.43.他们在聚会上玩得很开心.44.她不喜欢游泳,她妹妹也是.45.我学英语三年了.开放英语（2）形成性考核册期末自测答案 第一部分 交际用语
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.A 第二部分 词汇与结构
6.A 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.C 21.A 22.A 23.C 24.A 25.A 第三部分 句型变换
26—30小题：根据括号里的提示或利用括号里的词语改写下列句子，并将答案写在答题纸上。
26.I was too hot.I couldn’t open the window.（用but将两句连成一句）I was too hot, but I couldn’t open the window.27.Although it rained, the visit was a success.（用In spite of键两句连成一句）In spite of the rain, the visit was a success.28.I’m tall and thin.My mother is too.（用so将两句连成一句）I’m tall and thin.So is my mother.29.They are going to look after the cat.（用What针对 the cat改写句子）What are they going to look after? 30.He disturbed the burglars.（用被动语态改写句子）The burglars were disturbed(by him).第四部分 阅读理解
31.B 32.B 33.A 34。B 35.A 36.B 37.A 38.B 39.A 40.B 第五部分 翻译
41.他在北京西区的一个大学学习.42.他在他朋友房子里偶然看到了一幅古老的画作.43.她要是中了彩票,她会买一幢大房子.44.这间公寓有些乱.45.这两男孩都擅长唱歌.分享到搜狐微博
第四篇：电大小企业管理形成性考核册作业答案
小企业管理作业
1当你学习完教材第1、第2、第3章之后，完成以下两个任务：
一、教材的第一章从三个方面论述了小企业的基本特点，请你用实例加以说明。
要求：
1、认真阅读教材第一章的相关内容，准确理解小企业所具有的基本特点。
2、通过网络、报纸、杂志等各种手段，查找我国或者国外小企业的相关资料。至少选择2个小企业的案例。
3、字数在1000左右。
二、创业计划应该由谁来编制？一份好的创业计划应该符合哪些要求？
要求：
1、通读教材第三章的相关内容后在回答问题。
2、字数在500左右。
中小企业的基本特点
一、小型企业的基本特点
1．企业数量众多，分布面广
小企业是现代经济的重要组成部分（占1000万家的99%），是社会经济发展的重要基础。
2．体制灵活，组织精干
小型企业大都采取个人独资或合伙式形式，生产决策、市场营销、人力资源、组织结构、层次、管理人员等方面表现适应性强，经营手段灵活。
3．管理水平相对较低
从小企业总体上看，大部分小型企业缺乏有效的、完整的内部管理制度，经营也不够规范。
4．产出规模小，竞争力较弱
资本总量小，生产规模和资本有机构成一般较低，生产设备相对落后，工艺陈旧，产品标准化程度低，技术含量和附加值较小，产业规模小。
5．“家族”色彩浓
目前，占小型企业主导地位的是民营企业，而民营企业大部分为„„家族‟‟企业，“亲缘”关系较重。束缚了人才的引进和使用。
中国小企业的定义和数量
二、小企业的定义和标准。
小企业是相对于大企业而言的概念。小企业一般是指规模较小或处于创业和成长阶段的企业，包括规模在规定标准以下的法人企业和自然人企业。中国过去划分企业的标准主要根据销售额和资产总额指标，并结合行业特点确定。2003年2月，新确定的小型企业标准增加了企业职工人数指标，小企业的人数在零售业为100以下，最高的建筑业为600人以下。
三、小企业案例
1、我国第一家由农民兴办的股份合作制企业——开弦弓丝厂
1928年,丝市沉寂,丝价疲软,改良丝出于木制丝车,手工操作,水份不匀,断头较多,终无法与厂丝匹敌而致 滞销.女蚕校及开弦弓村领导人深悟:“工欲善其事,必先利其器.”遂有建立合作社的动议.是年底,经女蚕校校长郑辟疆,推广部主任费达生及村领导人周保山,陈杏荪等人的支持,于1929年2月成立“吴江县震泽镇开弦弓有限责任生丝精制运销合作社”,报名者400余户,共集资753股(每股20元)另外还向江苏省农民银行及震泽江丰农工银行贷得4700元,用以筹建丝厂.4月,在村东购得建厂用地4亩(其中桑地2.6亩,低田1.4亩).奠基以前,还请戏班在空地上演戏,免费招待村民,以示庆祝,借此夯实地基, 节约工费.工期45天,建成厂房17间及楼房6间,耗建筑费9700元.同时挑选缫丝成绩优秀的青年女子,施以2个多月的技术培训,作好人员 准备.7月进入设备安装及试车阶段,共设坐缫车32台,复摇车16台,另有煮茧烘茧及锅炉发电等设备,总设备费用2.1万元.8月5日,汽笛长鸣,一缕黑烟袅袅升起,中国第一个农村机械丝厂诞生,全村观呼雀跃,本村农民丝70余人进厂工作.开工初时,日产厂丝20市斤,投产2个月后产丝12担,其中一等丝10担,每担售价1534元;二等
2担,每担售价1425元,据费达生女士回忆,所产厂丝分别售与上海纬成公司及华顺绸庄.年终结算获利10870元,社员获得丰厚的红利.翌年,又添置缫丝车及复摇车各5台,全厂职工增至87人.小企业管理作业二
一、认真阅读文字教材第五章，完成下列表中的内容。
创新企业
优势：
1、在小企业的组织结构、经营范围、人员设置等多方面，创业者可以根据实际需要进行构建。
2、在产品生产或者提供服务上面，企业可以突出自己的特色，树立自己的品牌。
3、在经营场所选择方面，创业者拥有主动权。
4、在产品销售方面，企业可以开避广阔的市场。
劣势：
1、新企业、新技术、新产品，一切都是未知数，又没有间接的经验可以参考，经营风险较大。融资比较困难。
2、由于没有经营业绩，很难从银行取得贷款。
3、新企业经济效益不稳定，很能吸引人才。
4、一切从头开始，企业内外各种关系都需要创业者去协调，杂志繁多，创业者常常被搞得疲惫不堪。必备条件：
1、拥有专利技术。
2、拥有工作经验和一定量的客户群。
3、获得充足的创业资金。
特许经营
优势（受许人方面）：
1、加盟一家实力雄厚和信誉高的特许经营企业，投资风险小，并且可以得到特许人金融方面的帮助。
2、受许人可以得到特许经营企业系统的管理培训和指导。
3、受许人可以享受特许经营企业大规模广告宣传等各种促销活动，使公众熟悉的特许经营企业的服务商标、所有权、专利与外观设计，有利于提高竞争力。
4、特许经营企业集中进货，可隆低成本，保证货源。
劣势（受许人方面）：
1、经营方式上没有自主权，受制于特许人，使其增长受限制。
2、受许人必须支付昂贵的特许经营费，利润要按协议与特许人共享。
3、受许人必须接受经营企业统一的供货价格。
4、一个特许经营加盟企业出现的问题，会连累所有企业。
特许经营的优点（特许人方面）：
1、每开设一家特许经营分店都可以收取特许经营费，而且还可以收取管理费，增加特许人的收入。
2、特许经营有利于提高特许经营在当地的知名度。
3、特许经营可以降低经营费用，集中精力提高企业的管理水平。
4、特许经营能经较快的速度、以较少的资金进行规模扩张，且最终回购成功的特许加盟分店的机会。缺点（特许人方面）：
1、对加盟企业没有所有权，控制力度较弱。
2、一个加盟店的企业形象受损，会影响总店的信誉。
3、运作支持费用增加，为维持特许经营关系、进行核算及一些通常的服务，在授权特许经营中花费要比集权的组织花费更多。
特许经营所必须具备的条件？
特许经营，俗称连锁加盟，根据当前法律法规规定，必须具备下列条件才是合法的商业特许经营。
1、特许人必须是合法存续的企业，个人不得开展商业特许经营。
2、特许人必须拥有注册商标、专利、专有技术、企业标志等经营资源；
3、特许人必须拥有为被特许人提供经营指导、技术支持和业务培训的等服务的能力；
4、拥有至少两个直营店，并且经营时间至少满一年；
5、特许人应当在首次签订商业特许经营合同之日起十五日内向省级或者国家商务部门申请办理备案；
6、特许人应当在订立特许经营合同之日前至少30日，以书面形式向被特许人提供《商业特许经营管理条例》第二十二条规定的信息，并提供特许经营合同文本。
7、特许人向被特许人提供的信息应当真实、准确、完整，不得隐瞒有关信息，或者提供虚假信息。
8、法律法规规定的其他条件。
家族企业
优势：
1、创业成本低。
2、企业内部易于建立较高的信任度。
3、创业者是企业主要的管理者，对核心技术和核心业务比较熟悉。
劣势：
1、家族企业能吸纳并留住家族以外的优秀人才。
2、家族企业在人事安排上常常因人设职。
必备条件：
1、明确家族成员的股权占有情况。
2、建立合理的董事会决策制度。
3、聘用专业化的管理队伍。
4、逐步实现决策的民主化。
二、什么是差异化战略？结合小企业的特点说明小企业实施差异化战略的优势。
小企业差异化战略是指小企业对其生产或提供的产品和服务进行差异化以避开直接竞争，创造市场差别优势。差异化战略优点主要体现在以下几个方面：
1．差异化战略有助于小企业形成进入障碍。
2．差异化战略有助于降低顾客的敏感程度。
3．差异化战略有助于增强小企业的讨价还价能力。
4．差异化战略有助于小企业防止替代品的威胁。
小企业管理作业三
当你学习完教材第7、第8、第9章之后，完成以下任务：
请你为一家小型快餐店选择一个合适的地址。
现在开什么店比较好呢?开一家小型快餐加盟店是一件很好的赚钱项目，但是想赚钱，选址是第一步，小型快餐店加盟选址都需要什么呢?
一、了解自己和顾客
知彼知已，百战不殆。一个品牌要知道哪些地方适合开店，首先要了解自己，知道自己是谁，清楚产品、服务、环境和价格的组合在整个市场上处于什么水平，还要了解自己的目标顾客是谁，实际上更为哪些顾客所接受和偏爱。顾客特征中最关键的因素是购买力，它决定了一切。其次是年龄，少年儿童、中青年和中老年的消费习惯有很大差别。消费偏好也很重要，北方人爱吃面，南方人爱吃饭，留过学的人更容易接受西式食品等等。已开有店铺的品牌可以直接从自己的顾客那里得到结论，尚未开店的新创品牌就要研究产品和定位相同或相似的品牌以得出结论。
二、了解竞争对手
竞争对手不仅是敌对关系，是店址的竞争者，也是选址时的参照物。要了解主要竞争对手的目标顾客有什么特征?重点在那些区域开店?选址策略是什么?他们在选址中有何成功与失败之处?对于那些自己的产品、服务、环境和价格的组合与哪些竞争品牌更为相似，与哪些竞争品牌能形成互补关系?某一特定店址所在商圈内竞争对手的生存情况如何?
三、熟悉主要商圈
主要是研究重点城市的主要商圈的特征，了解商圈是以商业为主还是以商务为主，是市级商圈还是区域或社区商圈，商圈内的主要商业形态是什么，商圈辐射能力如何，餐饮竞争情况，客流的数量和特征等。结
合自身的市场定位，明确市场布局，明确哪些地方可以开店，哪些地方不能开店，尤其要确定应优先选址的重点区域。此外还要重点了解了解目标顾客在一个城市及全国的地域分布与活动规律，例如北京的外企白领主要在东三环附近的写字楼上班，主要在中高档百货商场及秀水街等市场购物。选址就要找到目标顾客经常出没的地方开店。
四、广泛寻找店址信息
好店址难找，相信很多人都会对此有同感。必须掌握足够数量的优质备选店址，才有可能进行优中选优。如果手头只有别人挑剩下的不良店址，最后只能矮子里拔大个，不可能选到什么好店址。寻找店址信息最好是多管齐下，调动一切力量寻找优质店址。
知
五、店址调查
当找到一个看似不错的店址，但没办法确定是否真正可行，此时需要进行选址调查。重点调查内容包括：确定店铺可能的辐射范围，辐射区内的人口数量与特征、竞争情况，商圈环境等内容。此外还要调查了解店址前的客流量、店址的可见度、便利性、拦截与互补等。
六、可行性分析
选址开店是一项风险很大的投资，可行性分析可以重点从收益和风险两方面进行。收益分析是依据店址所能带来的客源的质量和数量在当前的产品价格与服务速度之下预测能实现多少营业额，然后根据成本费用情况对盈利进行估算，根据投资总额测算投资回收期和回报率。风险分析主要是了解商圈发展、道路改造、人口数量与结构的变迁、竞争变化等因素可能对店铺未来经营产生的影响，评估实现预期收益的可能性。
七、做出正确的决策
明确了店址未来的预期收益及实现收益的可能性与风险，就能一个店址是否可行做出判断。但选址决策时还要参照开店目的、资金情况、发展战略等因素，如果是为了迅速获取利润，就要求店址的各方面条件都很好，投资回收期很短;如果是为了推广品牌，要求店址可见度高，客流量大，对回收期要求不高;如果是抢为了占市场，只要店址所处的商圈和位置较好，成熟度不高也没关系，这要求企业有充实的资金支持。有了充分的选址调查和分析，做出正确的选址决策并非是难事。
小企业管理作业4
第五篇：电大监督学形成性考核册作业答案
监督学形成性考核册作业答案
作业1
题目：香港廉政公署的成功经验有何借鉴意义？
香港廉政公署是世界著名的监察机构，在反腐肃贪方面成效显著，当今香港是世界上廉洁度最高的地区之一。香港廉政公署不仅受到香港民众的赞扬，也受到世界许多国家和地区的关注。世界上一些地方借香港的经验建立相似的机构，澳大利亚于1989年在新南威尔士州设立了廉政公署。韩国于2002年成立与廉政公署相似的反腐败委员会。燠门廉政公署的设立也借鉴了香港的成功经验。
廉署的独立性是其获得成功的制度性原因。这种独立性，具体可概括为四个方面，即机构独立、人事独立、财政独立和办案独立。
1.机构独立，指廉署不隶属于任何一个政府部门，其最高官员“廉政专员”由香港最高行政长官直接任命；
2.人事独立，即廉署专员有完全的人事权，署内职员采用聘用制，不是公务员，不受公务员叙用委员会管辖；
3.财政独立，指廉署经费由香港最高行政首长批准后在政府预算中单列拨付，不受其他政府部门节制；
4.办案独立，指廉署有《廉政公署条例》《防止贿赂条例》《选举(舞弊及非法行为)条例》等赋予的独立调查权，包括搜查、扣押、拘捕、审讯等，必要时亦可使用武力，而抗拒或妨碍调查者则属违法。
上述四个独立性，使廉署从体制及运行上切断了与可能形成掣肘的各部门的联系，从而令反贪肃贪“一查到底”成为可能。
香港廉政公署是一个建立在三权分立、法治、民主监督社会的独立行政机构，并依赖司法中立以及自身的行政独立而存在。与中国内地的反贪污贿赂局中的内设政党思想机构的模式、法院三权合作的执法方针性质大相径庭，因此不能比较，不能用“类似内地的反贪污贿赂局”来形容ICAC。就是因为中国内地司法并不中立，反贪污贿赂局无法独立于行政机构与政党掣肘，无民主监督，因此无法存在各种“咨询委员会”而受民众监督，案件审判时当涉及权贵就无法公正中立不偏不倚，因此反贪污贿赂局才不能像ICAC那样高效地执法，把中国变成像香港一样廉洁。
作业2
运用监督学的基本原理和相关知识，结合实际（包括网络、报刊报道等）撰写一份调查报告。（1500左右）
关于党内监督的调查报告
党内监督是指党内政治生活中，党员之间、组织之间，党员与组织之间按照党章党纪的有关规定，从思想、纪律等方面，对党组织和党员执行党的路线、方针、政策和党规党纪情况的监督和督促。党内监督的重点对象是党的各级领导机关和领导干部，特别是各级领导班子主要负责人。搞好党内监督，才能保证党内民主，从而不断地巩固党的执政地位。
党内监督严格地说来是一种自觉的、主动的过程，是在党内组织内部范围内，依靠党自身的力量实行的自我约束和完善，强调的是通过党自身的力量解决自身的问题。党内监督就其政治含义而言，它是一种预防的机制，是保持党的先进性和纯洁性、增强党的凝聚力和战斗力的重要手段。
加强党内监督是反腐倡廉的关键环节。我们党是执政党，执政党的党内监督，关系到执政权力的正确行使，人民的根本和人心向背，党的阶段基础和群众基础的不断巩固。提高党的执政能力，很重要的是要通过加强党内监督，保持党的先进性和纯洁性，增强党的凝集力和战斗力，提高党的领导水平和执政能力。
同时，我们也应该看到，近几年虽然党内监督的力度不断加大，也取得了实实在在的效果。但在党内监督上，还存在着一些问题。
一是一些领导缺乏党内平等的民主意识，自持位高权重，凌驾于党组织之上，只许自己监督别人，不许别人监督自己。而腐败现象又恰恰发生在这些领导干部的身上。
二是监督不了。一些领导干部往往是决策权、执行权和监督权集一身，“党的领导”变成“个人领导”，最后的结果必然是“绝对的权力导致绝对的腐败”。
三是无力监督。现行的纪检监察机关是实行双重领导体制，作为上级监督下级容易，而下级监督上级就很难。就出现人们常说的上级监督下级太远，下级监督上级太难，同级监督太软，法纪监督太晚，舆论监督太泛的现象。极易造成失监、失察、失真的现象，甚至出现所谓的监督“真空区域”。
四是监督渠道不畅。如在一些部门办事公开透明度不高，权力运作、重大事项决策、干部选拔等工作公开性不强，公开范围不广泛，干部群众获取信息还存在不对称问题，致使在行使知情权、参与权、选择权方面受到限制。
针对上述所存在的问题，应采取积极的应对措施。
一是要加强宣传教育，增强党内监督意识，努力营造主动监督、乐于监督、支持保护监督的浓厚氛围。
二是突出监督重点，强化监督的综合效果。要突出党的各级领导机关和领导干部，特别是领导队伍负责人是党内监督的重点，要通过合理的分权，强化内部制约，变“集权”为民主决策，杜绝少数大包大揽，个人说了算现象。同时要强化对腐败多发部位、环节和重点领域的监督，积极探索、寻求规律，完善制度，防止因垄断等而引发权力滥用问题。要在领导干部权力运行的全过程中实施监督，把事前事中事后监督有机地结合起来。
三是要完善监督体制，提高监督的内在权威。首先积极报开展巡视工作，实现巡视监督与信访监督的相互结合，巡视情况与干部考察的相互勾通，巡视成果与廉政档案的综合利用，推进巡视工作的规范化。其次要积极探索建立以上级纪委监察机关领导为主，同级党委领导为辅的体制，保证纪检监察机关相对独立地实施监督检查权。同时要进一步扩大纪检监察机关的职权范围，改变纪委对科级以上领导干部的违纪只有初核权、没有立案权的现状，真正赋予纪检监察机关对违纪案件独立的立案权，检查权和处分权，不断增强纪检监察工作的权威性、独立性。
作业3
运用监督学的基本原理和相关知识，结合实际撰写一篇小论文。（1000字左右）
把群众监督当作联系群众的桥梁
紧紧依靠人民群众，强化群众监督，是党的群众路线在惩防腐败中的重要体现。自2002年5月市城市管理行政执法局成立以来，按照市纪委、监察局、市人民政府纠风办等部门的有关要求，市、区两级行政执法局相继建立了向社会公布开通群众投诉举报热线、设立中队执法政务公开栏、聘请由各界群众代表组成的行风监督评议员等一系列群众监督制度。两年多来，在这些群众监督举措的保障下，广大行政执法干部不断开拓前进，积极改进自身不足，克服困难，勇于奉献，为维护城市良好地生产、生活秩序做出了贡献。但是，在行政执法工作中，如何充分发挥群众监督作用，把群众监督由被动接受向主动需要转变，由单向监
督向双向互动转变，使群众监督真正成为推动广大行政执法干部依法行政、文明执法、勇于执法的动力，成为广大行政执法干部展现政府形象的窗口，成为行政执法局深入宣传城市管理法规的渠道，成为代表政府密切联系群众，为各族群众排忧解难，更好地为市民服务的通途……这还有待我们进一步实践、思考。
一、让群众监督成为提高行政执法队伍自身“拒腐免疫力”的内在需要。
加强群众监督既是党对政府职能部门廉洁、勤政的外在要求，也是我们提高自身“拒腐免疫力”的内在需要。市行政执法队伍建立两年多来，通过群众监督的各种渠道，我们不断发现自身在工作中存在的各种问题。市、区两级行政执法局在有关部门的配合下，对其中已经构成违纪、违规事实的执法干部进行了及时、有效地处理，对广大执法干部起到了很好的警示教育作用，并促使我们及时从中反思，建立健全各项廉政、勤政制度，加强队伍思想道德和职业教育，从而提高了自身“拒腐免疫力”。试想，如果没有群众监督的渠道，我们就不能及时发现问题，更谈不上及时纠正和改进了。问题积少成多，性质积轻成重，其结果必将是严重的。因此，我们要自觉地把群众监督视为提高自身“拒腐免疫力”的内在需要，需做是广大人发群众对行政执法干部最深切的爱护，真心实意地切实加强群众监督，使群众监督成为促进行政执法队伍健康成长的重要力量。
二、把群众监督变为深入宣传城市管理法规的重要渠道。
群众监督的各种渠道既是群众反映问题、提出意见的渠道，也应当成为行政执法部门对各族群众宣传城市管理各项法规的生动课堂。我们在接受群众监督的同时，也应充分利用这一时机，及时向群众宣传其所反映问题、意见中涉及的城市管理行政执法的职责、法规、程序等相关内容，变单向监督为双向互动，消除误解，转化矛盾，让群众更多地了解城市管理行政执法这一新生事物，以点带面地宣传、教育群众自觉维护城市管理的各项法规，从而提高市民群众城管法规意识，更加理解、支持执法干部依法行政。
三、使群众监督成为密切行政执法干部与市民群众联系沟通感情、相互理解、相互帮助的桥梁。
群众监督的各种渠道是执法干部与群众密切联系的重要途径。城管执法部门接受群众监督的时刻也是与市民群众沟通感情的重要时刻。在接受群众监督时，每一位执法干部的言行举动都是执法形象的体现，它直接影响着市民群众对城管执法干部队伍的思想感情。执法干部的热情服务、文明执法带来的不仅仅是群众的交口称赞，还有他们衷心的认可和内心的敬意，这种认可和敬意的积累会不断地转化为对行政执法工作的深深理解与热情支持，它不仅密切了执法干部与市民群众之间的雨水关系，也奠定了支持维护城市管理的坚实群众基础，从而为行政执法工作创设了良好的社会氛围。群众监督是座促进高效完成城市管理行政执法工作的“金桥”。我们应更充分地发掘和利用这座“金桥”，不断带动我市城市管理行政执法工作再上新台阶。
作业4
一、名词解释
1．监督：监督是指为维护公共利益，法定监督主体依法对国家机关及其公职人员行使公共权力的行为实施检查、督导和惩戒的活动。
2．人民主权理论：人民主权理论是指在自然法与社会契约的基础上，国家是人民让渡自己的权利交由国家统一行使而产生的，因此国家只是人民主权的委托管理者，人民拥有最高主权并通过立法权来表达“公意”，对国家管理权力的行使进行监督与制约。
二、填空题
1．监督的内容是 被监督 对象行使公权力的各项活动。
2．监督是一种法制监督，以 为基础而不是以监督主体的正义感、道德感为基础。
3．无论腐败行为表现为何种形式，其实质都是滥用谋求私人利益。
4、理论所提倡的一些基本原则对西方资产阶级国家政权体系的产生和发展起了重要作用，是监督的最直接的理论依据之一。
5、政治原罪 是指在原罪的权力和原罪的人结合之后，人在夺取权力和行使权力的过程中会生出种种罪行。
6、中国古代 谏诤 制度的确立，是对君主廉政与勤政的有限度的监察。
7、人民代表大会的监督亦称国家 机关的监督，简称人大监督。
8、监督是指人民代表大会对行政机关、审判机关和检察机关及其组成人员履行法定职责业绩、效率、效能情况进行的监督。
9、人民代表大会监督的内容是法律监督和 监督。
10、为了保障监察工作的顺利开展，瑞典法律赋予监察专员充分的调查权、视察权、建议权和起诉权。
三、多项选择题
1．人民代表大会监督的范围包括（A、对行政机关进行的监督B、对司法机关的监督C、对本级人大常委会的监督D、对下级人大及其常委会的监督）。
2.根据《全国人民代表大会议事规则》和《监督法》等法律的规定，质询的程序包括（A、质询的提起C、质询案的提交D、质询案的答复）。
3．我国的权力监督主要包括（B、人民政协的监督C、司法机关的监督D、行政机关的监督）。
4．民主党派监督的内容主要包括以下方面（A、国家宪法、法规和法规的实施情况B、中国共产党和政府重要方针、政策的制定和贯彻执行情况C、中共党委依法执政方）。面的情况D、中共党员领导干部履行职责、为政清廉方面的情况
5．舆论监督的特征包括（A、人民性 B、公开性C、及时性 D、权威性）。
四、简答题
1．简述国际间反腐合作体系的基本架构与特点。
国际反腐败合作组织的基本构架：
（一）国际反腐败合作组织及其相关机构：（1）经合组织，全称为经济合作与发展组织。（2）透明国际，是一个非政府、非营利、无政治倾向的国际性民间组织，以推动国际与各国反腐败为活动宗旨，是一个专以反腐败为目的的民间组织。（3）国际金融组织的反腐败行动，当今金融反腐败问题越发突出，世界银行、国际货币基金组织以及亚洲开发银行等金融组织开始积极探索国际金融组织的反腐败措施。（4）联合国及其他地区性的反腐行动。
（二）国际反腐败公约及相关文件；
（三）国际反腐败会议；
（四）国际反腐败制度建设。
特点：第一，加强反腐败合作的组织建设和法律建设。第二，积极探索改革措施，注重预防腐败。第三，综合性反腐败合作与专项性反腐败合作相结合。第四，国际研讨与交流成为国际反腐败合作的交流平台。
2．简述政府财务审计。
政府财务审计是财务审计的一种，是指审计机关依法对国务院各部门、地方各级政府、地方各级政府职能部门的会计资料及其所反映的财政（财务）收支活动的真实性以及合法合规性所进行的审计。政府财务审计的主要方式是书面审查。被审计单位依照审计机关规定的时间和要求，如实提供会计凭证、账册。报表及有关会计资料，由审计机关派人到被审计单位审计或者由被审计单位报送审计。
3．简述违法行政行为的认定。
第一，事实根据不合法。它包括这样几种情况：没有事实根据；主要事实不真实；主要事实不完整或者不连贯；整个案件的主要事实没有必要的证据支持，缺乏可信度；主要证据不真实；主要证据不充分；证据和案件事实之间缺乏相关性；获取证据的方式和手段不合法。第二，适用法律错误。正确地适用法律是行政行为合法的必要条件。具体的错误有：应该适用此法却适用了彼法，该适用此条款却适用了彼条款；适用法律或法律条款不足，指应适用多部法律或多个条款时行政主体却没有完全适用；适用法律或法律条款时适用了无数的依据；适用了尚未生效的法律。
第三，程序违法。行政程序是指由行政行为的方式、步骤、时间和顺序所构成的行为过程。根据其构成要素可以把程序违法的表现形式分为：步骤违法；方式违法；顺序违法；期限违法。
第四，行政越权。在我国，行政越权是指行政机关实施的超越职权的行为。主要包括：行政主体擅自行使其他国家机关的法定权力；行政主体擅自行使其他行政主体的法定职权，可分为纵向越权和横向越权，但都是行政系统内部的越权。
第五，内容违法。行政行为在内容上必须合乎法律上的规定，不得与法律规定相抵触，否则即构成行政行为内容上的违法。
第六，滥用职权。主要表现有：因受不正当动机和目的支配致使行为背离法定目的和利益。不合法考虑致使行为结果失去正确性；任意无常，违反同一性和同等性；强人所难，违背客观性；不正当的迟延和不作为；不正当的步骤或方式等。
第七，行政失职
认定行政违法的作用主要在于审查行政行为的合法性，目的在于监督行政机关依法行政和维护公共利益。行政违法行为的认定与行政责任二者联系密切，行政责任不仅有监督作用，更主要的是为了保障公民、法人或者其他组织的合法权益，使其受到侵害的利益得以恢复或弥补。行政责任即行政违法责任，是对行政违法否定性评价内容的组成部分，它应始终与行政违法保持一种对应关系，否则，行政责任的存在就没有意义。
五、论述题
1．什么是党内监督？党内监督有什么特征？
党内监督是指监督主体依据《党章》和党的纪律在组织内部通过检查、督促、评价、揭露、举报、处理等方式作用于监督客体，以保证监督客体的行为在任何情况下都不违背党的纪律的一种客观有序的活动。
2、试述检察机关在监督体系中的地位与作用。
检察机关监督是检察机关运用检察权对国家机关及其工作人员是否依法行使职权进行的监督。根据宪法的有关规定，国家明确赋予各级各类人民检察院以国家法律监督机关的职能。《中华人民共和国人民检察院组织法》第四条规定：人民检察院通过行使检察权，镇压一切判国的，分裂国家的和其他反革命活动，打击反革命分子和其他犯罪分子，维护国家统一，维护无产阶级专政制度，维护社会主义法制，维护社会主义秩序、生产秩序、工作秩序、教学科研秩序和人民群众生活秩序，保护社会主义全民所有的财产和劳动群众集体所有的财产，保护公民私人所有的合法财产，保护公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利，保卫社会主义现代化建设的顺利进行。
检察机关监督的基本特征：（1）检察机关的监督具有国家性和权威性；（2）检察机关的法律监督具有专门性和独立性；（3）检察机关的法律监督具有规范性和合法性。（4）检查机关的法律监督具有强制性。
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