第一篇:高考地理:必背口诀(上)-word文档
高考地理:必背口诀(上)
高考地理:必背口诀,更多高考资讯,备考资料,经验技巧等信息,敬请关注查字典地理网!? ? ? ? ?
一、我国省级行政区记忆口诀 京津沪渝直辖市 蒙宁新藏桂自治 一国两制台港澳 东北三省黑吉辽 冀晋鲁
归华北苏浙皖赣在华东 湘鄂豫 归华中 华南还有粤闽琼 川滇黔 归西南 西北还有陕甘青
二、我国之最 面积最小的省是澳门 纬度最高的省是黑龙江 面积最大的省是新疆 跨经度最广的省是内蒙古 跨纬度最广的省海南省 人口最多的省河南 人口最少的省澳门
三、我国七大古都
七大古都是北京,西安南京杭州城;河南洛阳和开封,安阳殷墟史料重。北京故宫******,颐和园及八达岭。西安大小两雁塔,骊山华清池秦陵。南京雨花台江桥,蓄武湖和中山陵。杭州西湖双十景,灵隐寺与飞来峰。洛阳龙门石窟精,白马少林寺著名。开封铁塔和龙亭,相国寺钟观音听。
四、中国铁矿:
我国铁矿有八家,内蒙白云湖北大。辽宁鞍山和本溪,河北迁安安徽马。海南铁矿在石碌,四川一朵攀枝花。
五、中国煤矿:
中国煤矿有十一,开滦峰峰省份冀。辽宁煤矿是阜新,大阳西山在山西。安徽淮北江苏徐,黑龙抓住鹤和鸡,六、有色金属矿:德兴铜矿在江西,湖南锡矿山产锑。贵州铜仁产汞矿,云南个旧出产锡。甘肃金昌矿产镍,钨矿产地赣大余。湖南水口山铅锌,广西平果出产铝。
平顶山矿省份豫。
内蒙白云泥土稀,山东招远有金币。
七、货运选择三原则:
贵重急需量不大,最佳选择是航空。易死变质鲜活货,短程可用公路送,远程而且数量大,铁路上有专车用。大宗笨重远距离,水运铁路二者中。
第二篇:高考必背
一、5年高考完形填空高频选项词汇
Group 1
1.accurate adj.准确的,正确的;精确的 2.admire v.钦佩;赞美;崇拜 3.admit v.承认;准许进入;可容纳 4.annoy v.使恼怒,使不高兴 5.adventure n.冒险,奇遇 6.anxiety n.担忧,焦虑;渴望 7.anxious adj.忧虑的,焦急的;渴望的 8.apart adv.相隔,相距;分离;除外
9.appearance n.出现,露面;容貌,外表,外观
10.appoint v.任命,委任;安排;确定(时间、地点);指定;约定 11.appreciate v.欣赏;感激;理解
12.appreciation n.欣赏;鉴定,评估;感激;理解 13.approach n.途径,方式,方法 v.靠近,接近;建议;要求
14.arrival n.到来,到达;到达者,到达物 15.ashamed adj.惭愧的;害臊的;羞耻的 16.assist v.帮助,协助,援助 17.astonishing adj.惊人的;令人惊讶的
18.attach v.把……固定;重视;系,贴,连接;使附属;使依恋 19.attackvt.&n.攻击,侵害;(疾病等的)突然发作 20.attitude n.态度
21.avoid v.避免,躲开,逃避,回避 22.awkward adj.令人尴尬的,使人难堪的 23.basic adj.基本的,基础的 24.behaviour n.行为,举止 25.believe v.相信,认为
26.besides prep.除……以外(还有……)adv.此外(还),而且
27.beyond prep.(表示位置)在……较远的一边;超过;迟于 28.blame n.&v.责备;责怪,埋怨 29.boring adj.乏味的,令人厌烦的 30.brave adj.勇敢的 31.broad adj.宽的,宽阔的
32.burden n.(义务、责任等的)重担,负担 v.烦扰;使负重,装载 高考链接
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Approaching the vehicle,they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance from.3.(2015·重庆高考)Alice paid the vet to continue treatment.I grew anxious:what if the family had simply left the cat behind? 4.(2014·湖南高考)Whatever failures I suffer in my life,an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something.Besides,through ironing I’ve learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems.Group 2
1.calm adj.镇静的,沉着的,平静的 v.镇静,使平静下来 2.care n.照料,保护,忧虑 v.介意……,在乎;关心 3.carefully adv.小心地,仔细地 4.carry v.运送;传送;传递 5.carve vt.刻;雕刻 6.change n.变化;零钱 v.改变,更换;兑换
7.cheat n.&v.骗取,哄骗;作弊,舞弊 8.cheerful adj.兴高采烈的,快活的 9.choice n.选择;抉择
10.circumstance n.条件;环境;状况,情况 11.clap vi.拍手;鼓掌 n.拍手
12.clean vt.打扫,清扫 adj.清洁的,干净的 13.colleague n.同事 14.colour n.颜色 vt.给……涂色,粉饰
15.combine vt.使联合;使结合 16.comfort n.安慰;慰问 v.安慰;慰问,慰藉
17.comforting adj.令人欣慰的;安慰的
18.comfortable adj.舒服的;安逸的;舒服自在的 19.comment n.评论
20.communication n.交际,交往;通讯 21.company n.公司;商号;伙伴 v.陪伴
22.challenge n.挑战(性)v.向……挑战
23.chance n.机会,可能性 24.conclusion n.结论;结局;推论 25.condition n.条件,状况,境况,状态 26.confuse v.使迷惑,混淆,使混乱,搞乱 27.consequence n.结果,后果 28.continue vi.继续,延续
29.contribute v.贡献,捐献;投稿 30.contribution n.贡献 高考链接
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)She gave me a comforting smile,nodded while listening patiently,and then printed out the ticket immediately.2.(2015·广东高考)On the whole,our population is getting older.The changes in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life.3.(2015·陕西高考)I passed the clean comb back to Dad.He smiled at me and carefully placed his comb on his wallet.4.(2015·福建高考)Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her choice of boyfriends,the way she was living,the way she related to her mother,and various other things she felt she needed to express.Group 3
1.convenient adj.便利的,方便的 2.correct v.改正;纠正 adj.正确的,对的;恰当的
3.cost v.值(钱),花费,使付出代价 n.价格;费用;成本;代价 4.courage n.勇气;胆略;胆量 5.cover n.盖子;罩;封面
v.覆盖,遮盖;掩蔽;行走(一段路程);占(多少面积、时间);采访,报道;够付(费用),足以支付
6.crazy adj.疯狂的;热衷的;着迷的;精神失常的 7.crowd n.人群,一群人,一伙人 vt.拥挤,涌上(心头)8.cure vt.治疗,医治;治愈;纠正,矫正;消除(弊病等)n.治疗;疗法;对策,措施 9.curious adj.好奇的 10.dangerous adj.危险的 11.decade n.十年;十年期
12.decide v.决定,决断;判决;下决心 13.decision n.决定
14.deed n.行为;事迹;行动 15.defend vt.防守;保卫;辩护
16.delay v.&n.拖延,延迟,延期;延误,耽搁 17.deliberately adv.故意地,蓄意地,存心地 18.describe vt.描写,叙述,描述 19.design vt.设计,策划
n.设计,布局;图案,图样,样式 20.destroy vt.破坏,毁坏
21.determine vt.决定;影响;确定
22.determined adj.有决心的,意志坚定的;果断的 23.different adj.不同的,有差异的 24.dig v.挖(洞、沟),掘 25.digest v.消化,领会
26.direction n.方向;方位;指示 27.dirty adj.脏的;卑劣的 28.disappointment n.失望;沮丧 29.discover vt.发现
30.disturb vt.扰乱;打扰;使焦虑
31.draw v.绘画;绘制;拉,拖;提取,领取(金钱);吸引;引起 32.dream n.&vt.梦,梦想 高考链接
1.(2016·江苏高考)And at that moment,I made the decision:I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my life.2.(2016·天津高考)My ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my eyes,into this determined human being with a passion and a mission.3.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)His words freed me from my bad dreams.4.(2014·湖北高考)The park was crowded,so it took us some time to find an available site.5.(2014·四川高考)She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be curious about what he was doing.6.(2014·辽宁高考)Several weeks later,when I described the situation to my friend Ken Hardy,he smiled,“You made a classic mistake.”
Group 4
1.drive v.驾驶,开(车);驱赶,驱使 2.drop n.滴;少量,微量
v.掉下,落下;变弱,降低,减少;停止;放弃 3.during prep.在……期间 4.eagerly adv.渴望地,热切地 5.earn vt.挣得,赚得,赢得
6.easy adj.容易的,不费力的,舒适的 7.education n.教育,培养 8.effort n.努力
9.embarrass v.使窘迫,使尴尬 10.empty adj.空的 v.(使)变空
11.energy n.精力,能量 12.enjoy vt.欣赏;享受;喜欢 13.enjoyable adj.愉快的;有趣的 14.enter vt.进入;参加;输入 15.entertainment n.娱乐
16.enthusiastic adj.热情的,热心的 17.enthusiastically adv.热情地,热心地
18.entrance n.入口;入场;进入的权利;入学许可;进入 19.environment n.环境 20.envy vt.&n.忌妒;羡慕 21.equal adj.平等的 vt.等于,使等于
n.相等的事物;相同的人 22.equipment n.装备,设备 23.escape n.&vi.逃跑;逃脱 24.even adv.甚至,连(……都);更 25.eventually adv.最终地 26.examine v.检查
27.excellent adj.极好的,优秀的 28.excite vt.使兴奋,使激动 29.excited adj.感到兴奋的,激动的 30.expect vt.预料;盼望;认为 31.expensive adj.昂贵的 高考链接
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)One thing is for certain—Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle!His efforts most likely saved the woman’s life.2.(2016·四川高考)Maybe your mom would enjoy hearing the story.3.(2016·北京高考)On the 20th of that month,Dr.Welch examined a sick boy,Billy,and knew he had diphtheria,a deadly infectious(传染的)disease mainly affecting children.4.(2015·浙江高考)Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and empty.5.(2014·天津高考)Every evening I’d eagerly wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day.Group 5
1.experiment n.实验 vi.做实验
2.explain vt.解释,说明 3.explode v.爆炸
4.extra adj.额外的,外加的,附加的 adv.特别;额外;外加 5.extremely adv.极其,非常 6.fade vi.褪色,(颜色)消退
7.failure n.失败;失败的人(或事物)8.fair adj.公平的,合理的;(肤色)白晳的;(人)白肤金发的 n.集市;庙会;展览会 9.faith n.信仰;信念;信心 10.fall vi.落(下),降落;倒下 n.秋季;下跌 11.familiar adj.熟悉的
12.feel v.&n.感觉,觉得;触摸 13.finally adv.最后;终于 14.find vt.找到;发现;感到 15.fine adj.好的;优良的 adv.很好地;精巧地 16.finish v.完成;结束 n.结尾,结局
17.fire n.火;火炉;火灾 vi.开(枪、炮等),射击;解雇 18.firm n.公司;企业 adj.坚固的,坚定的
19.fond adj.喜爱的,爱好的 20.forbid vt.禁止,不许 21.forget v.忘记;忘掉 22.forgive vt.原谅,宽恕 23.form n.表格;形式;结构 v.形成;建立
24.fortunately adv.幸运地;吉利地 25.fortune n.财产;运气 26.free adj.自由的;空闲的 vt.使自由;解放;释放 27.freedom n.自由
28.freeze vi.结冰;冷藏;(因害怕等)僵住不动 29.frequently adv.经常地;频繁地 30.friendly adj.友好的 高考链接
1.(2016·天津高考)After years of regular treatment,she finally became healthy.2.(2016·北京高考)Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again.3.(2016·天津高考)She had a firm intention within herself to be the best she could be.4.(2015·广东高考)However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live—if he or she is extremely healthy and lucky.5.(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Joe fell into a huge crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below.6.(2014·陕西高考)Her husband was with her,but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.Fortunately,a lot of people stopped to help out.Group 6
1.friendship n.友谊,友情 2.frighten vt.使惊恐,吓唬 3.front adj.前面的;前部的 n.前面;前部;前线
4.function n.&v.作用,功能;运转,运行 5.future n.将来;未来;前途 adj.将来的;未来的
6.gain vt.赢得;挣得;获得;增加 n.增加;利润;收获 7.game n.游戏;运动;比赛 8.gather v.聚集
9.generally adv.大体上,总的说来
10.generous adj.慷慨大方的,宽厚的,宽宏大量的 11.gift n.赠品;礼物;天赋 12.goal n.(足球)球门;目标 13.graduation n.毕业,毕业典礼 14.gratefully adv.感激地,感谢地 15.greedy adj.贪婪的 16.greet vt.问候;向……致敬 17.grow v.成长,长大 18.guess vi.猜,猜出,想 n.猜测
19.guide n.向导,指南,导游 v.引导
20.guilty adj.有罪的,犯法的;内疚的 21.habit n.习惯 22.half n.一半,半场 23.hand n.手;指针;帮忙,支援 v.递;给;交付,交上 24.happen vi.(偶然)发生,碰巧 25.hard adv.努力地;使劲地;猛烈地 adj.坚硬的;困难的,艰难的 26.hardly adv.几乎不
27.harmful adj.有害的;导致损害的 28.hate vt.&n.恨,讨厌
29.head n.头;头脑;才智;首脑;源头 adj.头部的;主要的;首席的
v.率领;加标题;用头顶;出发;(船等)驶向 30.height n.高,高度 高考链接
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)“What a wonderful lady!” I thought.Rushing out gratefully I called out over my shoulder,“By the way,what’s your name?”
2.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)They had begun to integrate(融合)the kinds of play and teamwork they had seen the day before into their game.3.(2014·福建高考)And each year he’d shake his head,muttering(嘀咕)something about building self-confidence and working towards a goal.4.(2012·湖北高考)“What about a horn?” he then asked.“Look,this horn is no larger than a matchbox and has many functions.” Attracted by these functions,I bought the horn.Group 7
1.help n.&vt.帮助,帮忙 2.helpless adj.无助的 3.hire vt.租用,雇用 n.租借
4.hit v.击,打;碰撞;使突然想起 5.hold vt.拿;抱;握住;容纳;举行;进行 n.抓住
6.holiday n.假日;假期 7.honest adj.诚实的,正直的 8.hope n.&v.希望 9.hopefully adv.充满希望地
10.hopeless adj.没有希望的,不可救药的 11.however adv.然而,可是
conj.然而,可是,尽管如此;不管用什么方法 12.hurry vi.赶快,匆忙 n.急忙,匆忙
13.impossible adj.不可能的
14.innocent adj.天真无邪的,清白的 15.inspire vt.鼓舞;激励 16.instead adv.代替,顶替 17.instruction n.说明,须知
18.interest n.兴趣,趣味;利息,利益,好处 vt.使发生兴趣
19.interesting adj.有趣的
20.interview n.&vt.采访,会见,面试 21.join v.参加,加入 22.main adj.主要的
23.manner n.方式;态度;举止;礼貌 24.march n.游行,行进,行军 25.mean vt.意思是;打算;意欲 26.memory n.记忆
27.merry adj.欢乐的,愉快的 28.mix v.混合,混淆
29.monitor n.(班级内的)班长;监视器 30.move v.移动;搬动;搬家;使感动 31.national adj.国家的,国有的,民族的 32.nature n.自然界;性质;本性,天性 高考链接
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I helped him move slowly over the fence.2.(2016·北京高考)Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick.However,the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away,in Anchorage.3.(2015·四川高考)I gently placed one on top of the groundhog’s head.Again,not a move.4.(2015·安徽高考)Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions instead of throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about spending.5.(2014·新课标全国卷)It was impossible for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.6.(2014·山东高考)While nursing her ill elder sister throughout the years,Charlotte discovered she had an interest in medicine.Group 8
1.nervous adj.紧张不安的 2.nice adj.友好的,和蔼的 3.noisy adj.喧闹的,嘈杂的 4.normal n.正常 adj.正常的(状态)5.note n.便条,笔记,注释;钞票,纸币;音符,音调 vt.记下,记录;注意
6.notice n.布告,通知;注意 vt.注意到
7.observe v.观察,看到,注意到;遵守;庆祝 8.once n.&adv.一次,一度,从前 conj.一旦
9.only adj.唯一的,仅有的 adv.仅仅,只,才
10.open adj.开着的,未封的,开的 vt.开,打开
11.operation n.手术,操作 12.opinion n.看法,见解 13.optimistic adj.乐观的
14.otherwise adv.要不然,否则,在其他方面 15.outgoing adj.爱交际的,外向的,对人友好的 16.owe vt.欠(债等),归功于 17.pain n.疼痛,疼 18.painful adj.痛的,痛苦的 19.pass v.传,经过 n.通行证
20.passenger n.乘客,旅客 21.patience n.容忍;耐心 22.pattern n.式样
23.perfect adj.完美的,极好的 vt.使完善
24.picture n.图片;使完美,照片 25.place n.地方 vt.放置
26.plan n.&v.计划,方案
27.play v.玩;打(球);比赛;扮演,假装 n.玩耍;戏剧
28.pleased adj.高兴的,满意的 29.pleasure n.高兴,愉快,乐事
30.positive adj.乐观的,积极的;肯定的,正电的;阳性的 31.possess vt.占有;拥有 高考链接
1.(2016·江苏高考)While we were eating,Kurt asked me,“John,what is your plan for personal growth?”
2.(2015·北京高考)Someone had left a note under their door during the night.3.(2015·江苏高考)I’m an ambitious writer,and when I started going through chemo(化疗),even though I’m a very positive person,I lost my drive to write.4.(2014·四川高考)Tom was working out in the field when he noticed her walking around at the edge of the field.5.(2014·浙江高考)He is the only one you have to convince,and he can’t hear you in the back of the room.Group 9
1.poster n.招贴画;海报;巨幅装饰画 2.potential adj.潜在的,可能的 n.可能性,潜在性;潜力,潜能
3.power n.权利,势力;力,动力;电力;强国 4.powerful adj.效力大的,强有力的,强大的 5.practical adj.实际的,实用的 6.practice n.练习
7.praise n.&vt.赞扬,表扬 8.predict v.预言,预告,预测 9.present v.呈现;递交 10.pressure n.压迫;压力;压强 11.preview vt.预习;试演;预演 12.pride n.自豪,骄傲
13.principle n.原理,原则,信条 14.prize n.奖赏,奖品 adj.优秀的;获奖的 15.problem n.问题,难题
16.produce vt.生产;制造;展现;制作 17.progress n.进步,上进 vi.进展,进行
18.prohibit v.禁止,阻止 19.promise n.&vi.答应,允诺 vt.使有可能
20.proud adj.自豪的;骄傲的
21.publish v.出版,发行,公布,发表 22.pull v.拉,拖 n.拉力,引力
23.punish v.惩罚,处罚 24.put vt.放,摆 25.quarrel vi.争吵,吵架 n.口角
26.question vt.询问 n.问题
27.quiet adj.安静的;寂静的 28.quit v.离开,退出;停止;辞职 29.rank n.职衔,军衔 30.reaction n.反应
31.read v.阅读;理解;写着 32.realize vt.认识到,实现 高考链接
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for practice.2.(2016·天津高考)Hearing her coughing bitterly one night,I decided to pull her from it all.3.(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)As a matter of fact,we can see this principle at work in people of all ages.4.(2014·北京高考)Mr.Brown thanked her for all the wonderful posters and gave her a professional artist’s set.“Thank you,” she cried.I realized,at that time when I was looking at her excited face,she’d probably never owned anything in her whole life.Group 10
1.reason v.推理;推断 n.理由,原因
2.reasonable adj.合乎情理的 3.recite v.背诵
4.recognize vt.认出,认识;承认;意识到 5.refuse v.拒绝
6.regular adj.规则的,有规律的,定期的 7.reject v.拒绝 n.次品
8.relief n.安慰,欣慰;减轻,缓解;救济 9.repair n.&vt.修理;修补 10.repeat vt.重复;重说,重做 n.重复;副本
11.reply n.回答,答复 12.report n.&v.报道,报告 13.reporter n.记者 14.request n.请求,要求 15.requirement n.需要;要求 16.rescue vt.营救,援救 17.research n.研究,调查 18.respond vi.作答,响应 19.responsibility n.责任,职责 20.responsible adj.有责任的,负责的 21.rest n.休息;剩余部分,其余的人(或物)v.休息,歇息
22.review vt.回顾;复习;评论;检阅 n.评审;复查;复习;评论 23.rule n.规则,规定 v.统治,支配
24.run vi.跑,奔跑;管理,经营,运转;流动 25.safe adj.安全的,平安的 26.same n.同样的人或事 adj.同样的,同一的 27.satisfaction n.满意
28.save vt.救,挽救;节省,积攒
29.scene n.场景,布景;发生地现场;景色 30.scientific adj.科学的
31.search n.&v.搜寻,搜查,寻找 32.seize vt.抓住(时机等),夺取,抢占 33.seldom adv.很少,不常 34.select vt.选择,挑选;选拔 高考链接
1.(2016·浙江高考)They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had refused to sell to tourists.2.(2014·辽宁高考)I felt a little uneasy,but to my relief,I had a good excuse.3.(2014·江西高考)With a smile of satisfaction on his face he said,“There!How does that feel?”“Oh,James,” Mum said.“That’s much better!How did you do it?”
4.(2012·江苏高考)They can also make people feel trapped and forced to answer unwanted calls or reply to unwanted texts.5.(2012·重庆高考)Plants make such good companions:they breathe,they bloom,they respond to care and love.Group 11
1.send v.打发,派遣;送,邮寄
2.sense n.感觉;理解;意识;判断力;感官 v.感觉到
3.set(set,set)vt.释放,安置 n.一套;一副;布景;舞台 4.shelter n.掩蔽;隐蔽处 vt.掩蔽,庇护 5.shock vt.使震惊 n.吃惊,休克
6.sign n.符号,标记;征兆;手势;信号 7.silence n.安静,沉默,寂静 8.similar adj.相似的,相像的,类似的
9.simple adj.简单的,简易的,朴素的,单纯的;完全的 10.single adj.单一的,单个的,单身的 11.situation n.处境,状况 12.skate vi.溜冰,滑冰
13.soon adv.不久,很快,一会儿 14.sorrow n.悲伤,悲痛;伤心事 15.sorry int.对不起,抱歉 adj.难过;懊悔;可怜的 16.special adj.特别的,专门的 17.speech n.演讲
18.speechless adj.(因激动等)说不出话的 19.spiritual adj.精神的;心灵的
20.spread v.延伸;展开,散布,蔓延,传开 21.stage n.舞台;阶段 22.stand n.看台,摊位;立场 v.站立;坐落;忍受
23.start v.开始,着手;出发;创办 24.stay n.&vi.停留,逗留;维持,保持 25.stick vi.粘住,钉住;坚持;卡住 n.木棒(棍),枝条,小树枝 26.still adj.不动的,平静的 adv.仍然,还,依旧
27.storm n.风暴,暴(风)雨,暴(风)雪 28.strange adj.奇怪的,奇特的;陌生的 29.strength n.力量,力气;强项,长处 30.strong adj.强(壮)的;坚固的;强烈的;坚强的 高考链接
1.(2016·江苏高考)I told him about the many activities in which I was involved.And I went into a speech about how hard I worked and the gains I was making.2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)One afternoon,I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller stuck
going over a fence—which wasn’t hard to climb if you had both arms.3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived,but she thought the car was going to explode.4.(2014·广东高考)Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers.Then again,teenagers have similar feelings about their parents.5.(2014·北京高考)“And finally,” said Mr.Brown,the schoolmaster,at the end of the show,“we have a special award.I’m sure you’ve all noticed the wonderful posters.”
Group 12
1.suggestion n.建议;暗示 2.suitable adj.合适的,适宜的 3.suspect n.犯罪嫌疑人 v.怀疑;猜想
4.surprise vt.使惊奇,使诧异 n.惊奇,诧异
5.survive v.幸存,幸免于难;从(困难)中挺过来;挺下来,熬过 6.sympathy n.同情;慰问;赞同,支持 7.talent n.天才,天赋,才能 8.teach v.教书,教学 9.tear n.眼泪,泪水 v.扯破,撕开
10.terrible adj.可怕的;极度的,严重的 11.therefore adv.因此,所以 12.though conj.尽管,虽然 adv.然而,但是
13.thought n.思想;思考,想法 14.through adv.通过,自始至终 15.thus adv.如此,因而,这样 16.tiny adj.极小的,微小的 17.tired adj.疲劳的,累的,厌倦的 18.touch vt.触摸,接触;触动,感动 19.trouble vt.使苦恼,使麻烦 n.困难;疾病;麻烦 20.trust n.&vt.相信,信任 21.try v.尝试,试图,努力 n.尝试
22.unless conj.如果不,除非 23.until prep.&conj.直到……为止
24.unusual adj.不寻常的;异常的;与众不同的 25.usually adv.通常地,平常地 26.wave n.(热、光、声等的)波,波浪 v.挥手,挥动;波动 27.way n.道路,方法,途径 28.wealthy adj.富裕的
29.wedding n.婚礼,结婚,庆典 30.while conj.在……的时候,然而 n.一段时间
31.will n.意志,决心
32.wise adj.英明的,有见识的,有智慧的 33.wonderful adj.精彩的;奇妙的,极好的 34.worried adj.担忧的 高考链接
1.(2016·天津高考)With all she had been through in her ten years,this was the hour of true triumph(成功).
2.(2016·江苏高考)It was a wise decision.While too many couples grow apart,we were growing together.3.(2015·重庆高考)In that case,eat before the flight,though an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping.4.(2014·北京高考)I was surprised and thought that she could do something in the comingtalent show.二、5年高考阅读理解高频障碍词汇
Group 1
1.abnormally adv.不正常地
2.absolute adj.完全的,全部的;绝对的;十足的,地道的 3.abundant adj.大量的,丰盛的,充裕的
4.accomplish v.完成(任务),达到(目的),实现(计划、诺言等)5.accumulate v.积累,积聚,增加 6.accuracy n.准确(性),精确(程度)7.accuse v.控告;指责,指控
8.acknowledge v.承认(权威或主张),告知(信件、礼物等)已收到 9.acquire v.获得,得到,学到 10.adapt v.使适应,使适合;改编
11.adequate adj.充分的,足够的;合格的;合乎需要的 12.adjustment n.调整,适应,调节;修正 13.admission n.准入;接纳;入场费;承认 14.adolescent n.青少年 adj.青春期的,青春的,青少年的 15.adopt v.收养,领养;采用,采取
16.adore v.(不用于进行时)热爱,敬慕,崇拜,钟爱,喜爱 17.adventure n.冒险;奇遇
18.advocate v.拥护,支持;提倡;鼓吹 n.鼓吹者,提倡者,拥护者,辩护人,律师 19.affection n.喜爱,钟爱,挚爱
20.agency n.代理机构,经销处,代理处,机构,(尤指政府内的)局,部,处 21.alcoholic adj.含酒精的 n.酒鬼,酗酒者
22.allergic adj.过敏的;厌恶的;过敏引起的 23.allocate v.拨给,划归,分配
24.alternative adj.可供替代的,两者择一的,供选择的;另类的,非传统的 n.可供选择的事物
25.ambition n.目标,野心,雄心,抱负,追求,夙愿 26.ambulance n.救护车 27.amount n.金额,数量 v.总计 高考链接
1.(2016·浙江高考)Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.2.(2015·广东高考)In recent years,however,young upper middle-class people in London,have begun to adopt some regional accents,in order to hide their class origins.3.(2015·江苏高考)One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.4.(2014·北京高考)The bear behaved abnormally,probably because of hunger.Group 2
1.ample adj.足够的;丰裕的,富裕的;宽敞的,面积大的 2.analyze v.分析 3.analysis n.分析;分解 4.ancient adj.古代的,古老的 5.anecdote n.逸事,趣闻 6.anniversary n.周年纪念日 7.annoyvt.(使)烦恼
8.annual adj.每年的,的,一年一次的
9.apparent adj.显而易见的,表面上的,貌似……的,明白的 10.appeal v.呼吁;恳求;上诉,申诉;有吸引力 n.吸引力;上诉,申诉;呼吁
11.applaud v.&n.鼓掌,赞许,赞赏,欢呼,向……鼓掌,向……喝彩,称赞,赞许 12.applicant n.申请人 13.application n.申请,应用
14.approve v.赞成,同意,批准,通过 15.approximately adv.近似地,大约 16.argue vi.争辩,争论 vt.主张,认为
17.argument n.争论,辩论
18.arise vi.起来,升起;出现,呈现,(由……而)引起,(由……)产生 19.arrange v.安排,布置
20.arrangement n.安排,布置,筹划 21.aspect n.方面,外观,外表 22.assess v.评价,评定(性质,质量)23.assessment n.看法,评价 24.assistance n.帮助,援助,支持
25.associate v.联想,联系;结交,交往;使联合,使有联系,把……和……联系在一起 n.合伙人,伙伴,同事 adj.非正式的;副的;联合的 26.association n.协会,社团;联系 27.assume v.假定,假设;承担;呈现 28.assumption n.假定,假设;担任 29.atmosphere n.大气;气氛,环境 30.attempt vt.试图,尝试 n.尝试,努力 高考链接
1.(2016·北京高考)The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation.4.(2015·浙江高考)You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text.5.(2015·四川高考)No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.Group 3
1.attraction n.吸引,爱慕,吸引力;具有吸引力的人或物 2.available adj.可获得的;可得到的;有空的;可用的 3.background n.背景 4.backward(s)adv.向后 5.ban n.禁令,禁止 v.禁止;取缔
6.bare adj.裸露的,光秃秃的,无遮蔽的,无掩护的,勉强的 v.露出,暴露
7.bargain n.(经讨价还价后)成交的商品;廉价货 v.讨价还价
8.bathe vi.洗澡;游泳 n.游泳
9.behalf n.利益;方面;代表,维护
10.behave v.守规矩,行为,表现;做出反应,发生作用;举止规矩有礼,检点 11.beneath prep.在……下方(面),(指地位等)低于,次于 12.bid v.&n.出价,喊价;命令,吩咐;投标;向(某人)道别 n.喊价,出价;努力争取 13.biography n.传记 14.bless vt.祝福;保佑;赞美
15.block n.大块;(木、石等)块;街区;路障 vt.阻塞;阻挡
16.board n.木板;布告牌;委员会;(政府的)部 v.上(船、火车、飞机等)17.bonus n.奖金;红利;额外津贴 18.boom n.&v.繁荣;轰鸣;激增 n.隆隆声;(营业等的)激增;(经济等的)繁荣 19.botanical adj.植物学的 20.botany n.植物;植物学
21.bounce v.使弹起,蹦,上下晃动 n.弹跳,跳动 22.brake n.闸 vi.刹车
23.branch n.树枝;分枝;分公司,分店;分支部,分支机构,分局 24.brand n.品牌,商标 vt.打烙印于,加污名于
25.break v.打破(断,碎);损坏,弄坏;打断;中断;摧毁;削弱;使破裂 n.休息;中断;间隔
26.breakthrough n.重大进展,突破 27.breathe vi.呼吸 高考链接
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183.2.(2016·上海高考)I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry,words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.3.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.4.(2014·重庆高考)We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.5.(2013·天津高考)They’d get back in the car breathless and energized,smelling fresh from the cold air.Group 4
1.brief adj.简洁的,简短的 2.broad adj.宽广的 3.broadcast vt.广播
4.brochure n.资料(或广告)手册 5.budget n.预算,预算费 v.做预算 adj.廉价的
6.buffet n.自助餐 vt.连续猛击
7.burst v.使爆裂,使破裂;突然发生 n.(感情等的)爆发,破裂,爆炸 8.bury vt.埋,葬;覆盖
9.button n.纽扣;(电铃等的)按钮 v.扣(纽扣),用纽扣挂住
10.campaign n.运动,战役;参加;发起运动 11.cancel vt.取消,撤销
12.candidate n.候选人,申请人;应试者;被认定适合者 13.cartoon n.动画片,卡通
14.casual adj.偶然的,碰巧的;非正式的;临时的;不定期的 15.cautious adj.小心的,谨慎的 16.ceremony n.典礼,仪式;礼节 17.certificate n.证明,证明书;文凭
18.character n.特征,特性;性格;角色;人物;(汉)字,字体;品格 19.classify v.把……分类,把……归类 20.campaign n.运动;活动;战役 v.参加运动;参加竞选
21.complex adj.难以理解的,复杂的 n.建筑群;复合体
22.compulsory adj.强制的,必须做的,义务的 23.confirm v.确认,确定;证实,证明;批准 24.consult v.请教;查阅;商议;咨询
25.convey v.运输;传送;表达;传递(思想、感情等)26.convince v.使确信,使信服,劝服,说服 27.declare vt.宣言,声称,声明;断言 28.decline v.减少,下降,衰退;谢绝,婉拒 29.decorate vt.装饰,修饰
30.deliver vt.投递,传送(信件,邮包等);发表,宣布,交付 高考链接
1.(2016·浙江高考)Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task,but she made it look effortless.2.(2016·天津高考)I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself,not with me.3.(2014·江西高考)The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or see each other without even leaving their homes.4.(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Turin has started a campaign to make such documents,found in libraries and stores around the world,available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.5.(2014·四川高考)Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as “night owls” and only 10 percent can be classified as “early birds”—the other 70 percent are in the middle.Group 5 1.editor n.编辑
2.electric adj.电的;电动的
3.emergency n.紧急情况;突发事件 4.especially adv.特别,尤其 5.example n.例子;榜样 6.exchange n.交换,调换;交流 7.expand v.扩大,增加,扩展
8.explicit adj.明确的;清楚的;详述的;坦率的 9.explore v.探险,勘察,考察;探索,探究 10.explorer n.探险者 11.export n.&v.出口,输出
12.expose vt.揭露;露出,显露;使面临 13.express vt.表达;表示;表露 n.特快列车,特快专递
14.extension n.扩大;延伸;扩建;电话分机,分机号码 15.extraordinary adj.非凡的,异乎寻常的 16.fantasticadj.(口语)极好的,美妙的,很棒的 17.fare n.(车或船的)费用,票(价)18.fault n.缺点,毛病;错误 19.feast n.盛宴,宴会,(宗教的)节日 20.federal adj.联邦制的,联邦政府的 21.female adj.女的;女性的;雌性的 n.女人;雌性动物 22.fight n.打仗(架),战斗 v.与……打架,与……作斗争
23.finance n.资金;财政;财务;金融 vt.为……筹集资金
24.fit adj.健康的;适合的;恰当的 v.(使)适合,合身;装进,可容纳
25.fix vt.使固定;修理;安装;确定,决定;安排 26.flash n.闪光;闪耀;(想法的)突现 v.使闪光;使闪现
27.flexible adj.易弯曲的,柔韧的;灵活的,可变动的 28.fluent adj.流利的,流畅的 29.foggy adj.多雾的
30.follow vt.跟随;接着,沿着,顺着;听懂,理解;遵循;仿效;跟得上 高考链接
1.(2016·江苏高考)Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face,and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.2.(2016·浙江高考)This book explores the musical interest and needs of children in their daily lives.3.(2016·江苏高考)She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.4.(2015·四川高考)And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin’s chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料).
5.(2015·北京高考)Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children.Group 6
1.forecast n.&vt.预告 2.fun n.乐趣;乐事;玩笑 3.furniture n.(总称)家具 4.glance vi.匆匆一看;一瞥;扫视 5.glare v.怒目而视 n.瞪眼;刺眼的强光
6.globe n.地球仪;地球;球体 7.glory n.光荣;荣誉;赞颂 8.graduate v.毕业 n.毕业生,研究生
9.grasp v.抓住;紧握;理解,领会 10.grocer n.零售商人;杂货店 11.guarantee n.保证;保证书;担保 v.保证;担保
12.guidance n.引导,指导 13.handle n.柄,把柄 v.处理;应付;拿,触 14.hardship n.困难
15.headline n.(报刊的)大字标题 16.hobby n.业余爱好,嗜好 17.holy adj.神圣的
18.identity n.同一性;一致;身份 19.idiom n.习语,成语 20.ignore v.忽视,不理 21.illegal adj.不合法的,非法的 22.immigration n.移民 23.incident n.事件;冲突 24.income n.收入;收益;所得
25.independent adj.独立的,自主的;有主见的 26.indicate v.表明,显示;象征;暗示;指示;指出 27.information n.信息 28.insert vt.插入 n.(书报或杂志的)插页 29.inspect vt.检查;视察;检阅
30.instant adj.立即的,立刻的;速食的,即食的 高考链接
1.(2016·天津高考)My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English.2.(2016·天津高考)Our Standard Courseguarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language,with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas—speaking,listening,reading and writing.3.(2016·北京高考)For previous generations,college was a decisive break from parental control;guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within.4.(2016·天津高考)The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply:alwayshandle the most difficult job first.5.(2016·北京高考)The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性)and the development of adult identity.6.(2016·四川高考)Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content,which helps people to relax.7.(2013·山东高考)But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.Group 7
1.institute n.(研究)所,院,学院 2.insure vt.确保;给……保险 3.intelligence n.智力;情报 4.interrupt v.打扰,打断 5.journalist n.记者,新闻工作者 6.justice n.正义;公正;司法 7.magic adj.有魔力的 n.魔法;魔力;魅力
8.mature adj.成熟的,成年人的;深思熟虑的,慎重的 9.measure v.测量,衡量,量度为 n.量度尺寸;措施
10.merchant adj.商业的;商人的 n.商人;生意人
11.minister n.部长;牧师 12.mineral n.矿物质,矿物
13.motivation n.动机;动力;积极性 14.nutrition n.营养
15.occupation n.职业,工作;消遣;占用 16.particular adj.特殊的,个别的 17.pedestrian n.步行者,行人 18.permanent adj.永久的,永恒的
19.plain adj.清楚的,明显的;普通的;朴素的;坦诚的 n.平原,旷野
20.policy n.政策,方针 21.precious adj.宝贵的,珍贵的 22.previous adj.先前的,以往的 23.primary adj.首要的;初级的
24.process n.过程,程序;步骤;方法;工艺流程,工序 v.处理,加工
25.professionn.职业,专业 26.profit n.利润,收益,益处 27.pronunciation n.发音 28.punctual adj.准时的
29.purchase v.&n.买,购买,采购
30.random adj.随意的,任意的,未经事先考虑的 高考链接
1.(2016·江苏高考)A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills,at least when compared with chimps.2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.3.(2016·浙江高考)Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge,it falls to the ground—and,in the process,it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用).
4.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible.5.(2014·辽宁高考)Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees(雇员)and profits(利润)of over 2 million per year.6.(2013·北京高考)Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still,even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.Group 8
1.range n.范围;一系列;射程;山脉 v.变化;变动;排列,排序;徘徊;漫步 2.react v.起反应,有影响;反抗 3.reception n.接待,招待会 4.reform v.&n.改革,改进
5.refresh v.更新;使恢复精力;提醒;使想起 6.register n.登记簿 v.登记
7.relate vi.有关;涉及 8.represent vt.代表 9.reputation n.名声,名誉 10.resist v.抵抗;抵挡 11.standard n.&adj.标准(的)12.strike v.敲,打,撞,击;打动,感动;擦火柴;侵袭 n.罢工
13.studio n.工作室,演播室 14.survive v.幸存,存活,幸免于,比……活得长 15.target n.目标,对象,靶子 v.把……作为攻击目标,把……对准 16.tradition n.传统,风俗,惯例
17.trick n.诡计,骗局,恶作剧;戏法;诀窍 vt.欺骗,欺诈
18.typical adj.典型的,有代表性的 19.understanding n.领会;理解;谅解
20.urge v.敦促,催促,力劝;强烈主张;鼓励;促使 n.强烈欲望;冲动
21.vacant adj.空缺的,未被占用的;空闲的,茫然的 22.vain adj.自负的,自视过高的,徒劳的,无效的 23.value n.价值;重要性 vt.评价;重视;估价
24.violence n.暴力;猛烈,剧烈 25.visual adj.视觉的
26.vital adj.必不可少的,极其重要的;维持生命活动所必需的;充满活力的 27.weigh vt.称……的重量;权衡 28.welfare n.福利
29.withdraw v.撤回,撤离;收回;缩回;使退出;提取 30.witness v.&n.目击者,证人;目击,目睹,亲身经历 高考链接
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)But when you share a story with your friends,you care a lot more how they react.2.(2016·江苏高考)There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help,inform and share are not taught,but naturally possessed in young children.3.(2016·江苏高考)The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty,surrounded by criminals and violence,had written a new chapter in the history of sports.4.(2015·浙江高考)The circle is divided into sections,and each section represents a fraction of the data.5.(2015·浙江高考)In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars,leaving behind a vacant haze(霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark.三、5年高考常考动词短语
1.add up to加起来是……;表示 add to增加;加入,加到 add...to...把……加到……上 add up加起来 add that...补充说……
2.can’t bear doing/to do sth.不能忍受做某事
can’t bear sb./sb.’s doing/to do sth.不能忍受某人做某事 bear a heavy burden肩负重担
bear responsibility/the blame承担责任/受责备 3.break out爆发 break in打断;破门而入 break into闯入;强行闯入 break away from脱离
break down(机器、车辆)出毛病;摧毁;分解 break through突破
break off折断;中断;突然停止 break up解散;破碎
4.bring up培养;抚养;教育;提出;呕吐 bring about引起;产生;导致;带来 bring sth.back归还;使想起某事
bring down带下,运下,搬下;使倒下;使倒台;使降低 bring in引入;赚(钱)5.call on拜访(某人);号召 call at停靠;(短时间)访问 call for需要;要求;邀请;提倡 call in召集;召来
call up给……打电话;召集;使想起 6.come along跟着来;快点 come out出来;出版 come true实现
come back to life苏醒过来
come to the point说到要点,触及问题实质 come about发生,造成 come across偶遇
come to light为人所知,显露 come up走近;上升;被提出 come on快点;开始 come over过来
come up with提出;想出 7.come into use开始被使用
come into sight/view出现在眼前;映入眼帘 come into power/office就职,上台执政 come into existence开始存在;形成
come into effect/force/operation开始生效/执行/实施 8.cut down削减;砍倒 cut in插嘴;超车;插入 cut up切碎;抨击 cut out删除
cut through刺穿;抄近路走过 cut off切断;中断;使死亡 9.die out灭亡;逐渐消失 die away(声音、光线等)逐渐消失 die of/from因……而死 die down减弱;平息 die off相继死亡
be dying for很想要;渴望 be dying to do sth.极想做某事 10.come to an end结束 put/bring sth.to an end结束……
make(both)ends meet使收支相抵;量入为出 put an end to sth.结束/终结某事 11.fit in相适应
fit in with与……合得来;适应 fit sb.for sth.使某人胜任某事 12.get in touch with同……取得联系 get up起床 get back回来;取回 get on上车 get over克服;度过 get off下车 get together相聚
get on/along well with与……相处融洽 get into进入;陷入 get into trouble陷入麻烦 get in a word插话 get rid of摆脱;除掉
get through通过;接通(电话);完成;度过,熬过 get to到达
get about/around/round传开,传出去 get across使理解 get away离开
get down to(doing)sth.开始认真做某事 get out离开;出版;泄露 get hold of抓住 13.give up放弃 give in屈服;投降 give out用完;耗尽 give away分发;捐赠;泄露 give off放出,散发出 give back归还;恢复
give way to给……让路;对……让步 14.go ahead继续;干吧 go by(时间)过去;经过(地点)go out(灯、火)熄灭
go on sth.以……为依据;根据……来判断 go on to do sth.接着做另外的事 go over检查;复习
go through通过;经历;仔细检查 go about开始着手;到处走动;传开 go against违背 go back回到;追溯 go for运用于,应用于 go in for参加;爱好 go with与……相配
go without没有……而勉强应付 go up上升,上涨 go down下降,下沉
15.help(sb.)out帮助(某人)摆脱困境;使(某人)脱离困境 help sb.with/to do sth.帮助某人某事/做某事 can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事 can’t help but do只得做;不得不做
help yourself(to sth.)随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等)16.hold up举起;阻滞(交通等);耽搁 hold back阻止;抑制
hold one’s breath憋住气,屏息 hold out坚持;拿出
17.keep on doing sth.继续/反复做某事 keep up坚持
keep up with跟上;与……保持联系 keep back保留;阻止;隐瞒 keep away from远离 keep out of使……不进入 keep one’s word遵守诺言 keep in touch with与……保持联系 keep silent保持沉默
keep/prevent/stop...from doing sth.制止(防止)……做某事 keep off使……远离
18.lead to导致;造成;通向…… lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事 lead/live a...life过……的生活 lead...into...把……领进…… lead the way引路;带路
19.live on靠……生活,以……为主食 live through经历 live up to不辜负;履行 live with忍受,容忍 20.look up抬头;查阅 look out小心 look into调查 look forward to盼望 look through仔细看;浏览 look up to尊敬 look down upon瞧不起 look like看起来像 look on...as把……看作 look after照顾 look for寻找
look back回顾;回头看 21.make a dive for向……猛冲 make an apology to向……道歉 be made up of由……组成
make up组成;化妆,打扮;和解;编造 make up for弥补,补偿 make room for给……腾地方 make up one’s mind下决心 make use of利用 make one’s way前进 make progress取得进步 make repairs修理 make a promise许诺 make a living谋生 make the best of充分利用 make out认出;理解 make it成功;及时达到
22.perform the role of扮演……角色 perform a...role in在……中起……作用 perform an operation进行手术
perform one’s duty/promise尽责任/履行承诺 23.pick out挑出;辨别出
pick up拾起,捡起;收拾;整理;(偶然)学会;用车接某人;收听到;身体好转 pick off摘除
24.prefer A to B 喜欢A而不喜欢B prefer doing A to doing B 宁愿做A而不愿做B prefer(sb.)to do sth.宁愿(某人)做某事 prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B 25.pull away离开;脱身;拉掉 pull down拆毁;摧毁
pull in(车辆)进站停靠;靠边停靠 pull out(of sth.)驶出;脱离,退出 pull through康复,痊愈
26.put away放好;把……收起来 put down记下;平息 put out扑灭;出版
put up举起;建造;张贴;投宿 put up with(=stand/bear)忍受 put on穿上;上演;增加 put off延期,拖延
put through完成;接通(电话)put forward提出建议;拨快(钟等)put aside节省;储蓄;储存 27.rely on依靠,依赖;指望
rely on sb.to do sth.指望/相信某人做某事 rely on(doing)sth.依赖/信任/指望(做)某事 rely on it that...相信……;指望……
28.remind sb.of sth./sb.提醒某人某事/想起某人 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 remind(sb.)that/how/what...提醒(某人)…… 29.run out of...用完……;用尽…… run out用完
run across跑着穿过;偶然碰到 run after追逐;追求 run away跑掉;逃避 run into撞上;遇到
30.make sense有意义;有道理;讲得通 make sense of理解;明白 make no sense没道理;没意义
31.set about doing sth.(=set out to do sth.)开始做某事;着手做某事 set out出发;开始 set up建立;树立;设立 set sb.free释放某人
set fire to/set...on fire放火烧…… set an example to为……树立榜样 set down记下;放下;登记 set forward提出;促进 set off引爆;出发;动身 set aside搁置,把……放在一旁 32.settle down安顿下来;定居 settle down to do sth.开始认真对待做某事 settle in(使)适应(新环境)settle on决定;选定 that’s settled一言为定 33.show...in带或领……进来 show sb.into领某人进入 show sb.out领某人出去
show sb.around/round sp.领某人参观某地 show sb.to the door送某人到门口 show off炫耀;显示 show up出现
34.take up占用(时间、空间);从事 take...out拿出去 take place发生 take the place of代替
take one’s place就座;代替某人的职位 take it easy别着急 take off脱掉;起飞;成功 take part in参加
take pride in以……而自豪 take away(from)(从)……拿走 take in欺骗;摄取
take on雇用;承担(责任);呈现(品质、面貌)take over接管
35.turn up出现;开大(音量);到达 turn against反对;背叛 turn on打开(电灯等)turn off关上(电灯等)turn down开小(音量)turn over翻转 turn in交出;上交 turn to求助于;翻到;转向 turn into变成 turn out结果是;生产 36.动词+for account for解释,说明
answer for对……负责,担保…… allow for考虑到 ask for要求,请求 enter for报名参加 head for朝……行进 hunt for搜索,寻找 wait for等待,等候 37.动词+to amount to总计
attend to处理;对付;照料 belong to属于
contribute to有助于,导致 see to照看;注意;负责
correspond to/with与……相符,与……一致 resign oneself to听从……,顺从…… relate to与……有联系,与……有关联 cater to迎合,满足
appeal to对……有吸引力;上诉;恳求 subscribe to订阅;赞成,同意 apply to申请,请求 38.动词+out drop out退出;脱离;辍学 figure out想清楚,弄明白;计算出 fill out填写(表格等)sell out售完
wear out耗尽;使筋疲力尽;穿破 stand out出色,杰出 leave out省略;遗漏;忽略 39.动词+with deal with对付,处理;涉及 do with处理 meet with偶遇 cope with应付,处理 40.动词+on act on根据(建议、信息等)行事 count on依赖,依靠 decide on选定
depend on依赖,依靠,取决于 focus on集中于
insist on坚持要求,坚持认为 rely on指望,信赖 41.动词+up clear up放晴;清理;整理;澄清;解决 tie up绑好 fasten up固定好 speak up大声说 blow up使充气;爆炸 save up储存;节省 tidy up收拾干净 speed up加速 lock up锁好 42.动词+through pass through穿过,通过
come through(重病后)康复;(消息或信息)传来 43.动词+mind change one’s mind改变主意
make up one’s mind下定决心;决定 bear/keep...in mind记住…… call/bring...to mind回忆起…… read one’s mind看出某人的心思 44.动词+breath hold one’s breath屏住气;屏息 take a deep breath(=breathe deeply)深呼吸 lose one’s breath喘不过气来
catch one’s breath喘口气;歇口气;恢复正常呼吸 45.动词+difference make a difference有影响;起(重要)作用
make some/no difference(to...)(对……)有/没作用或影响 tell the difference(between...and...)辨别/区分(……与……)的不同 46.动词+sb.+of sth.cure sb.of sth.治好某人的病 accuse sb.of sth.指控某人某事 cheat sb.of sth.骗取某人某物 inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事 convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物 47.动词+habit form the habit of/fall into the habit of/get into the habit of养成……的习惯 be in the habit of有……的习惯 get out of the habit of改掉……的习惯
四、5年高考常考熟词生义
1.absent adj.茫然的,恍惚的(熟义:adj.缺席的)She looked at the picture in an absent way.2.ache v.渴望(熟义:v.&n.疼痛)Having left for ages,he was aching for home.3.address vt.发表演说(熟义:n.地址;v.写地址)The president will address his speech at 3:00 pm.4.against prep.映衬(熟义:prep.逆着,反对;倚,靠;碰)The picture looks nice against the white wall.5.attend v.看护;治疗;陪同(熟义:v.出席;参加)The nurse attended to him day and night.6.availableadj.(人)有空的(熟义:adj.可得到的;可找到的)The professor is now available.7.blank adj.没表情的;空虚的;没兴趣的(熟义:adj.空白的;n.空白)The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look.8.blue adj.忧伤的(熟义:adj.&n.蓝色)His songs always make me feel blue.9.cloudy adj.不明朗的,不清晰的(熟义:adj.阴的,多云的)Who will take his place still remains cloudy.10.coach v.辅导,指导(熟义:n.教练)She coached me in playing football.11.count vt.有价值,重要(熟义:n.&v.计算,数)It is not how much you read but what you read that counts.12.course n.一道菜(熟义:n.课程;过程)The courses vary with seasons.13.cross adj.生气的(熟义:v.跨越,横穿;n.十字)Don’t be cross with him—after all,he is a child.14.desert v.抛弃,离弃(熟义:n.沙漠)He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.15.develop v.冲印(熟义:v.发展;开发;研制)Did you have the films developed? 16.disabled adj.有障碍的,失去功能的(熟义:adj.有残疾的,无能力的)One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)17.drive v.迫使某人(做不好的事)(熟义:v.驾驶)Hunger drove her to steal.18.divorce v.使分离;使脱离(熟义:v.与某人离婚)You can’t divorce science from ethical questions.19.draw v.获得,取得,推断出(熟义:v.画;拖;拉)What moral are we to draw from the story? 20.express n.快车(熟义:v.表达)Is there an express from Nanjing to Shanghai? 21.encourage v.促进,助长,刺激(熟义:vt.鼓励;激励)Good health encourages clear thinking.22.escape v.被忘掉;被忽视(熟义:v.逃跑;逃脱)The name escapes me for the moment.23.explode v.勃然大怒;大发雷霆(熟义:v.爆炸;爆裂)I’m about to explode!He broke his promise again.24.exploit v.利用(熟义:v.开发;开采;剥削)You must exploit every opportunity to learn English.25.fail v.不足;缺乏(熟义:v.失败)Last year the rain failed and many crops died.26.foreign adj.不熟悉的(熟义:adj.外国的;外交的)The subject is foreign to all of us.27.fresh adj.无经验的(熟义:adj.新鲜的)She is quite fresh to the work.28.gain v.(钟表)快(熟义:v.获得;赢得)Don’tworry.My watch gains.We still have time.29.ground n.理由(熟义:n.地面)He has strong grounds for more money.30.govern vt.影响;支配(熟义:v.管理;控制)The law of supply and demand governs the prices of goods.31.hit n.成功;红极一时的人或事(熟义:v.击中,打击)Tuhao is quite a hit of this year.32.illadj.&adv.坏的/地(熟义:adj.生病的)It’s no good speaking ill of others.33.interest n.利益;股份(熟义:n.兴趣)Our family has interests in the business.34.invite v.吸引(熟义:v.邀请)Don’t leave the window open—it’s inviting thieves to enter.35.inspire v.启发(熟义:v.激励;鼓舞)His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.36.jump n.&v.大幅度上涨(熟义:v.&n.跳跃)Last week the price of goods jumped.37.kid v.开玩笑;欺骗(熟义:n.小孩)Take it easy.I’m just kidding.38.kill v.消磨(时间)(熟义:v.杀掉;害死)That guy hangs around all day long,killing time.39.losevi.(钟表)慢(熟义:v.失去;丢掉)Please hurry!My watch loses 10 minutes.40.last adj.最不可能的(熟义:adj.最后的)He is the last man I want to see.41.mean adj.自私的,卑鄙的,吝啬的(熟义:v.意思是,意味着)It’s mean of you to eat up all the apples.42.note v.注意,指出,特别提到(熟义:n.笔记)I noted that her hands were dirty.43.openadj.(问题、议事等)未解决的(熟义:v.开;adj.开着的,打开的)They left the matter open.44.operate vi.起作用(熟义:vi.运转;操作;做手术)The medicine operated quickly.45.part v.分手;放弃;卖掉(熟义:n.部分;零件;角色)In order to raise money,he had to part with some of his most treasured possessions.46.pleasant adj.和蔼可亲的,友善的(熟义:adj.令人愉快的)He’s always been very pleasant to me.47.position n.立场;观点(熟义:n.位置;职位)What’s your position on the problem? 48.promise v.有……的希望;使……有可能(熟义:v.&n.许诺)The dark clouds promise rain.49.rate v.对……作出评价;被认为,被评价为(熟义:n.比率;速度)These potatoes rate among the best.50.read v.理解;领会(熟义:v.阅读)I didn’t read mother’s thoughts at that time.51.reflect v.沉思;思考(on/upon)(熟义:v.映出;反射)I need time to reflect on your offer.52.safe adj.谨慎的;小心的(熟义:adj.安全的)He is a safe man.You can count on him.53.say vt.假定;显示;表明(熟义:vt.说)Say that war breaks out,what will you do? 54.shoulder v.承担(熟义:n.肩膀)Young people should learn to shoulder the blame.55.spring v.跳,跃;突然出现(熟义:n.春天;泉水)Fast food restaurants are springing up all over the city.56.strength n.强项,优点,优势(熟义:n.力气)Maths is not my strength.57.walk n.行业(熟义:v.&n.行走;步行)This society welcomes people from all walks of life.58.wear vt.表露,流露,面带(熟义:vt.穿戴)The girl always wears a happy smile.59.weigh v.权衡;斟酌(熟义:v.称……的重量;重达)Please weigh the advantages and disadvantages of doing this!
五、5年高考写作经典句式
1.I am writing to tell you/express...我写信是想告诉你(您)……
I am writing to ask you to do me a favor/pay attention to...我写信是想请您帮助我/关注……
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I’m writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation.(书信)(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m writing to express my regret at being unable to go to the bookstore with you next weekend,which I have promised.(电子邮件)(2013·重庆高考)I’m a student from Chongqing,China.I am writing to askyou to pay attention to the situation of Finless Porpoises.(求助信)2.with的复合结构
(2014·江苏高考)With English words getting popular in both media and daily life,a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them.(议论文)3.what...will be like……是什么样子
(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.(说明文)4.In the picture,we can see...从这幅图中,我们可以看出……
(2015·福建高考)In the picture,we can see a boy in worn clothes,sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.(图画作文)5.In Picture 1...while Picture 2 shows...在图一中,……然而图二却展示了……
(2013·江苏高考)In Picture 1,a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps,but in vain,while Picture 2 shows a couple happily planting trees.(图画作文)6.I think the picture is telling us that...我认为这幅图是在告诉我们……
(2013·北京高考)I think the picture is telling us that there is usually a difference between one’s dream and reality.(图画作文)7.使用现在分词短语作状语
(2016·北京高考)A week before Earth Day,posters were put up around our school,calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.(图画作文)8.使用不定式作状语
(2013·江西高考)In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise,our school organized a mountain-climbing on April 10.(记叙文)9.使用动名词作主语
(2016·江苏高考)On-line voting becomes increasingly popular,and many competitions get people involved in it.(议论文)10.借助“There is a famous saying that...”引用名言
(2013·四川高考)There is a famous saying that“Good habits lead to good endings.”,which shows the importance of habits.(说明文)11.主语+feel+it a great honor to do sth.对……来说,做……是一件荣耀的事情
(2013·天津高考)I am very glad and feel it a great honor to run for the vice president of the English club.(演讲稿)12.How is everything going on?近来一切进展如何?
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)How is everything going on with you?(电子邮件)13.How I wish I...我多么希望……(2013·山东高考)How I wish I would read and reply to your e-mail as soon as I received it.(电子邮件)14.It is universally acknowledged that...众所周知……
(2013·辽宁高考)It is universally acknowledged that the Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th of the eighth month of our Chinese lunar calendar.(说明文)15.I would really like to...because...我想……因为……
(2015·安徽高考)I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.(想象性作文)16.主语would like to invite sb.to...……想邀请某人去……
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.(邀请信)17.There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
(2013·四川高考)There is no doubt that a healthy everyday habit helps to build up our body.(说明文)
1.be about to...when...即将做……就在这时……
(2014·福建高考)I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.(议论文)2.使用限制性定语从句
(2014·江西高考)In addition,you should respect all the teachers who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge.(发言稿)3.使用虚拟语气
(2015·安徽高考)If I could interview him,I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained.(想象性作文)4.Memories rushed to my mind when...当……时候,众多记忆蜂拥而至。
(2014·山东高考)Memories rushed to my mind when I saw this topic.(议论文)5.It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that...它展示了当今一个普遍现象:……
(2013·福建高考)It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families,shouldering the hope of their parents.(图画作文)6.The message conveyed here is clear:...这儿所传达出的信息十分清晰:……
(2013·江苏高考)The message conveyed here is clear:“Actions speak louder than words.”(图画作文)7.It is more meaningful to do...做……更有意义
(2013·江苏高考)Instead of shouting empty slogans,it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.(图画作文)8.It occurred to sb.that...某人突然想到……
(2013·陕西高考)It occurred to me that I should give the rooms a thorough cleaning.(记叙文)9.使用副词作评注性状语,如amazingly(令人惊讶地),obviously(明显地),importantly(重要地),happily(高兴地),surprisingly(令人吃惊地)等。
(2015·广东高考)Amazingly,she earned respect from her students,all of whom later grew to be confident,considerate and well-behaved.(议论文)(2013·四川高考)Obviously,a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.(说明文)(2013·天津高考)More importantly,I am a person full of passion for a variety of things.(演讲稿)10.使用as引导的定语从句
(2016·天津高考)As scheduled,we participated in several instructive activities.(发言稿)(2013·四川高考)As we can see,cultivating a good habit is so important that I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit—keeping a learning diary every day.(说明文)11.I think I can be qualified for...for the following reasons.由于以下原因,我认为我能胜任……
(2013·天津高考)I think I can be qualified for the president for the following reasons.(演讲稿)12.使用非限制性定语从句
(2016·江苏高考)It makes no difference from ordinary voting events,in which candidates go around to seek supports.(议论文)(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)We’ll also spend some fun time together singing,dancing and playing games,which we hope will make them happy.(电子邮件)13.If you were me,you would...如果你是我,你会……
(2013·山东高考)I believe that if you were me,you wouldmake the same choice.(电子邮件)14.be interested in the announcement/advertisement/position of...posted/advertised on...对于登载在……上的通告/广告/职位感兴趣
(2012·新课标全国卷)I am interested in the announcement of the summer camp posted on the Internet.(申请信)15.If the situation remains the same,...如果形势依旧如此……
(2013·重庆高考)If the situation remains the same,within 10 years,Yangtze Finless Porpoises will become extinct forever.(求助信)16.keep quiet about...对……保持沉默
(2012·大纲全国卷Ⅱ)We want to give him a surprise,so please keep quiet about it.(邀请信)
1.使用what引导的主语从句
(2015·湖南高考)What impressed me most was that I failed in an English exam,feeling extremely upset and disappointed.(说明文)2.wish从句中使用虚拟语气
(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Besides,I wish there would not be too many students in a class.(应用文)3.so...that...如此……以至于……
(2016·北京高考)We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.(图画作文)(2014·山东高考)At the beginning,learning English seemed so difficult that I wanted to give up without even trying.(议论文)4.while连接两个并列句
(2013·福建高考)The son,well dressed,waves proudly in the middle while the father behind bends forward to hold the jacket and the mother in front rolls out the carpet,sweating.(图画作文)5.使用选择疑问句
(2013·江苏高考)Should we just pay lip service or take practical measures to protect the earth?The answer is definitely the latter.(图画作文)6.It is not so easy for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事不容易
(2013·北京高考)Everyone has his dream.However,it is not so easy for people to realizetheir dreams every time.(图画作文)7.使用过去分词短语作后置定语
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.(书信)(2013·陕西高考)Firstly I collected all the books,newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.(记叙文)8.find+宾语+宾语补足语
(2013·北京高考)Just the next morning,I found my mother not feeling well.(记叙文)9.时间名词作连词
(2013·北京高考)The moment my father came back home,my mother told him what had happened.(记叙文)10.使用现在分词短语作状语
(2015·北京高考)Looking at the figurines,we were all very excited.(记叙文)(2013·江西高考)All the way we were chatting,singing and laughing,enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery.(记叙文)11.使用独立主格结构
(2013·江西高考)Some falling behind,others would come and offer help.(记叙文)12.It was+时间段+before...多长时间后……
(2013·江西高考)It was about 2 hours before we all reached the top.(记叙文)13.not...until...直到……才……
(2013·安徽高考)If I ride a bike,I’ll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green.(说明文)14.主语+regard it as one’s duty to do sth.把做某事当作某人的义务
(2013·安徽高考)Meanwhile,I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy.(说明文)15.使用最高级
(2016·四川高考)Summer vacation is the longest of the year...I think summer is certainly more fun than the other three seasons.I like summer best.(说明文)16.使用方式状语by doing sth.(2013·四川高考)We can start the habit by writing learning summary and recording something impressive and meaningful.(说明文)17.祈使句+and+陈述句
(2013·四川高考)Keep it in mind and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it.(说明文)(2013·北京高考)Another try,and they may gain what they dream of.(图画作文)18.no matter+疑问词
(2015·福建高考)The moral of the story is:spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.(图画作文)(2013·辽宁高考)Usually,no matter how far away or how busy we are,we will try to come home for the celebration.(说明文)19.用such as列举事例
(2013·辽宁高考)In addition to these traditional activities,we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.(说明文)20.使用同位语解释说明前面的名词
(2016·北京高考)As for my favorite figure in Chinese history it must be Wei Yuan,a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.(说明文)21.be+形容词+enough to do sth.足够……能做某事
(2013·天津高考)If I am lucky enough to be elected,I will make every effort to serve for the benefits of students and our club.(演讲稿)22.使用插入语I am sure,I think等
(2013·天津高考)I will organize various activities in our university,such as holding lectures and English parties,which,I am sure,will be beneficial to improving students’ English.(演讲稿)23.使用so that引导的结果状语从句
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)We can set out early so that we will have more time to read and select books.(电子邮件)24.It is likely that...有可能……
(2013·山东高考)It is likely that I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant.(电子邮件)25.not...but...不是……而是……
(2016·江苏高考)To be honest,voters sometimes feel annoyed,not because they hate voting,but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.(议论文)(2016·江苏高考)Voting of this kind does not depend on the strong points of the competitors,but rather on how many social-networking resources they have.(议论文)26.多种时态的综合运用
(2012·新课标全国卷)I’ve been learning English for 10 years,and I speak fluent English.(申请信)27.on one’s doing...一……就……
(2012·大纲全国卷Ⅱ)On his arriving,we will light the candles and sing “Happy Birthday” together for him.(邀请信)28.as soon as possible尽可能快地
(2013·重庆高考)Besides,sewage emissions should be reduced as soon as possible.(求助信)29.It is another effective way to do sth.做……是另外一种有效方式。
(2013·重庆高考)What’s more,it is another effective way to appeal to the news media along the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River for a joint interview to publicize the importance of porpoise conservation.(求助信)30.Would you please do...您能否做……
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States?(约稿信)(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel since this is his first visit to the U.S.?(求助信)
1.so long as只要
(2014·山东高考)So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up,we are bound to achieve success.(议论文)2.not only...but also...的倒装句
(2015·广东高考)As for its functions,not onlycan the technique be used to predict major diseases,but it also enables people to foresee the examinees’ food preference.(说明文)(2014·广东高考)As far as I am concerned,not only will her generosity help those in need realize their dreams and rebuild faith in life,but also it will motivate more people to participate in such a good deed.(议论文)3.in a word总之
(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)In a word,my life will be much richer and more colorful.(说明文)(2014·山东高考)In a word,not only does the proverb enable me to face up to the difficulties bravely,but also it contributes much to keeping confident all the time.(议论文)4.encourage/inspire sb.to do sth.instead of doing sth.鼓励/激励某人做……而不是做……
(2013·福建高考)Parents should encourage their children to overcome difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves instead of doing everything for them.(图画作文)5.only in this way引起的倒装句
(2013·福建高考)Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.(图画作文)6.“only+状语从句”引起的倒装句
(2013·江苏高考)Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.(图画作文)7.as far as...is concerned就……而言
(2013·北京高考)As far as I am concerned,people need to learn to accept the reality and keep on
第三篇:2018年高考地理必背等温线-文档资料
高考地理必背等温线
高考地理必背等温线
高考地理必背 1.分析走向(延伸方向):与纬线平行即东西走向纬度因素或太阳辐射;与海岸线平行海陆性质或海陆分布;与等高线或山脉走向平行地形因素。2.分析弯曲状况:作水平线法比较弯曲处与交点的温度高低;凸值法凸高(凸向高值区)为低(值低),凸低(凸向低值区)为高(值高)。3.分析疏密状况:疏温差小我国7月气温、热带地区、海洋、山地陡坡、锋面处;密温差大我国1月气温、温带地区、陆地、山地缓坡。
4.分析数值特征:大小小大中间走;闭合曲线大大或小小;高值区夏季大陆、冬季海洋、暖流流经、地势低(山谷、盆地或洼地)、城市;低值区冬季大陆、夏季海洋、寒流流经、地势高(山岭、山脊)。5.高考能力要求:
(1)判断南、北半球位置:自北向南等温线的度数逐渐减小或自南向北等温线的度数逐渐增大的是南半球。自北向南等温线的度数逐渐增大或自南向北等温线的度数逐渐减小的是北半球。
(2)判断陆地、海洋位置:冬季陆地上的等温线向低纬弯曲(表示冬季的陆地比同纬度的海洋温度低),海洋上的等温线向高纬弯曲(表示冬季的海洋比同纬度的陆地温度高)。夏季陆地上的等温线向高纬弯曲(表示夏季的陆地比同纬度的海洋温度高),海洋上的等温线向低纬弯曲(表示夏季的海洋比同纬度的陆地温度低)。
(3)判断月份(1月或7月):判断月份时,要注意南、北半球的冬、夏季节的差异性。1月:北半球陆地上的等温线向南弯曲,海洋上的等温线向北弯曲;南半球陆地上的等温线向南弯曲,海洋上的等温线向北弯曲。7月:北半球陆地上的等温线向北弯曲,海洋上的等温线向南弯曲;南半球陆地上的等温线向北弯曲,海洋上的等温线向南弯曲。
(4)判断寒、暖流:洋流流向与等温线的凸出方向是一致的。寒流中心比同纬度的其它地区水温低,故等温线向低纬弯曲。暖流中心比同纬度的其它地区水温高,故等温线向高纬弯曲。
(5)判断地形的高、低起伏:陆地上的等温线向低纬凸出的地方,说明该处地势升高;等温线向高纬凸出的地方,说明该处地势降低。在闭合等温线图上,越向中心处,山地等温线的数值越小;盆地等温线的数值越大。
(6)判断温差的大小:一般情况下,不论时空,等温线密集,温差较大,反之,温差较小。从世界和我国气温分布特征可知:
①冬季等温线密,夏季等温线稀。因为冬季各地温差较夏季大。②温带等温线密,热带地区等温线稀。因为温带地区的气温差异大于终年高温的热带地区。
③陆地等温线密,海洋等温线稀。因为陆地表面形态复杂,海洋的热容量大,所以陆地的温差大于海面。
第四篇:高考必背篇目
高考语文必背篇目
高中部分(40篇)1.劝学荀子
2.逍遥游(北冥有鱼„„圣人无名)庄子 3.师说韩愈 4.阿房宫赋杜牧 5.赤壁赋苏轼
6.寡人之于国也
孟子 7.陈情表
李密 8.兰亭集序
王羲之 9.游褒禅山记
王安石 10.六国论
苏洵 11.氓
《诗经》
12..离骚(长太息以掩涕兮„„岂余心之可惩)屈原 13.短歌行
曹操 14.归去来兮辞
陶潜
15.滕王阁序
(时维九月„„声断衡阳之浦)王勃 16.山居秋暝
王维 17.将进酒
李白
18.梦游天姥吟留别
李白 19.蜀道难
李白 20.旅夜抒怀
杜甫 21.蜀相
杜甫 22.登岳阳楼
杜甫 23..登高杜甫 24..琵琶行白居易
25.无题(昨夜星辰昨夜风)李商隐 26.锦瑟李商隐
27.虞美人(春花秋月何时了)李煜 28.雨霖铃(寒蝉凄切)柳永 29.苏幕遮(碧云天)范仲淹
30.蝶恋花(庭院深深深几许)欧阳修 31.定**(莫听穿林打叶声)苏轼 32.念奴娇(大江东去)苏轼 33.清平乐(春归何处)黄庭坚 34.一剪梅(红藕香残玉簟秋)李清照 35.声声慢(寻寻觅觅)李清照 36.醉花阴(薄雾浓云愁永昼)李清照 37.满江红(怒发冲冠)岳飞 38.水龙吟(楚天千里清秋)辛弃疾 39.永遇乐(千古江山)辛弃疾 40.扬州慢(淮左名都)姜夔
初中部分(50篇)1.孔子语录《论语》 2.鱼我所欲也孟子
3.生于忧患,死于安乐孟子 4.曹刿论战《左传》
5.邹忌讽齐王纳谏《战国策》 6.出师表诸葛亮 7.桃花源记陶潜 8.三峡郦道元 9.马说韩愈 10.陋室铭刘禹锡 11.小石潭记柳宗元 12.岳阳楼记范仲淹 13.醉翁亭记欧阳修 14.爱莲说周敦颐 15.记承天寺夜游苏轼
16.送东阳马生序(节选)宋濂 17.关雎(关关雎鸠)《诗经》 18.蒹葭(蒹葭苍苍)《诗经》 19.观沧海(东临碣石)曹操 20.饮酒(结庐在人境)陶潜
21.送杜少府之任蜀州(城阙辅三秦)王勃 22.次北固山下(客路青山外)王湾 23.使至塞上(单车欲问边)王维 24.闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄李白 25.行路难(金樽清酒斗十千)李白 26.望岳(岱宗夫如何)杜甫 27.春望(国破山河在)杜甫
28.茅屋为秋风所破歌(八月秋高风怒号)杜甫 29白雪歌送武判官归京(北风卷地百草折)岑参30.早春呈水部张十八员外韩愈 31.酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠刘禹锡 32.观刈麦(田家少闲月)白居易 33.钱塘湖春行白居易
34.雁门太守行(黑云压城城欲摧)李贺 35.赤壁(折戟沉沙铁未销)杜牧 36.泊秦淮(笼寒水月笼沙)杜牧 37.夜雨寄北(君问归期未有期)李商隐 38.无题(相见时难别亦难)李商隐 39.相见欢(无言独上西楼)李煜 40.渔家傲(塞下秋来风景异)范仲淹 41.浣溪沙(一曲新词酒一杯)晏殊 42.登飞来峰(飞来峰上千寻塔)王安石 43.江城子(老夫聊发少年狂)苏轼
44.水调歌头(明月几时有)苏轼 45.游山西村(莫笑农家腊酒浑)陆游 46.破阵子(醉里挑灯看剑)辛弃疾 47.过零丁洋(辛苦遭逢起一经)文天祥 48.天净沙•秋思(枯藤老树昏鸦)马致远 49.山坡羊•潼关怀古 张养浩
50.己亥杂诗 龚自珍
高中部分(50篇)1.劝学
荀子
君子曰:学不可以已。
青,取之于蓝而青于蓝;冰,水为之而寒于水。木直中绳,輮以为轮,其曲中规。虽有槁暴,不复挺者,輮使之然也。故木受绳则直,金就砺则利,君子博学而日参省乎己,则知明而行无过矣。
故不登高山,不知天之高也;不临深溪,不知地之厚也;不闻先王之遗言,不知学问之大也。干、越、夷、貉之子,生而同声,长而异俗,教使之然也。诗曰:“嗟尔君子,无恒安息。靖共尔位,好是正直。神之听之,介尔景福。”神莫大于化道,福莫长于无祸。
吾尝终日而思矣,不如须臾之所学也;吾尝跂而望矣,不如登高之博见也。登高而招,臂非加长也,而见者远;顺风而呼,声非加疾也,而闻者彰。假舆马者,非利足也,而致千里;假舟楫者,非能水也,而绝江河。君子生非异也,善假于物也。
积土成山,风雨兴焉;积水成渊,蛟龙生焉;积善成德,而神明自得,圣心备焉。故不积跬步,无以致千里;不积小流,无以成江海。骐骥一跃,不能十步;驽马十驾,功在不舍。锲而舍之,朽木不折;锲而不舍,金石可镂。蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强,上食埃土,下饮黄泉,用心一也。蟹六跪而二螯,非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者,用心躁也。
2.逍遥游(北冥有鱼„„圣人无名)庄子
北冥有鱼,其名为鲲。鲲之大,不知其几千里也;化而为鸟,其名为鹏。鹏之背,不知其几千里也;怒而飞,其翼若垂天之云。是鸟也,海运则将徙于南冥。——南冥者,天池也。《齐谐》者,志怪者也。《谐》之言曰:“鹏之徙于南冥也,水击三千里,抟(tuán)扶摇而上者九万里,去以六月息者也。”野马也,尘埃也,生物之以息相吹也。天之苍苍,其正色邪?其远而无所至极邪?其视下也,亦若是则已矣。且夫水之积也不厚,则其负大舟也无力。覆杯水于坳堂之上,则芥为之舟;置杯焉则胶,水浅而舟大也。风之积也不厚,则其负大翼也无力。故九万里,则风斯在下矣,而后乃今培风;背负青天,而莫之夭阏(â)者,而后乃今将图南。蜩与学鸠笑之曰:“我决起而飞,枪榆枋而止,时则不至,而控于地而已矣,奚以之九万里而南为?”
适莽苍者,三餐而反,腹犹果然;适百里者,宿舂粮;适千里者,三月聚粮。之二虫又何知!小知不及大知,小年不及大年。奚以知其然也?朝菌不知晦朔,蟪蛄不知春秋,此小年也。楚之南有冥灵者,以五百岁为春,五百岁为秋;上古有大椿者,以八千岁为春,八千岁为秋。而彭祖乃今以久特闻,众人匹之,不亦悲乎?汤之问棘也是已。穷发之北,有冥海者,天池也。有鱼焉,其广数千里,未有知其修者,其名为鲲。有鸟焉,其名为鹏,背若泰山,翼若垂天之云;抟扶摇羊角而上者九万里,绝云气,负青天,然后图南,且适南冥也。斥鷃笑之曰:“彼且奚适也?我腾跃而上,不过数仞而下,翱翔蓬蒿之间,此亦飞之至也。而彼且奚适也?”此小大之辩也。
故夫知效一官、行比一乡、德合一君、而征一国者,其自视也,亦若此矣。而宋荣子犹然笑之。且举世誉之而不加劝,举世非之而不加沮,定乎内外之分,辩乎荣辱之境,斯已矣。彼其于世,未数数然也。虽然,犹有未树也。夫列子御风而行,泠然善也,旬有五日而后反。彼于致福者,未数数然也。此虽免乎行,犹有所待者也。若夫乘天地之正,而御六气之辩,以游无穷者,彼且恶乎待哉?故曰:至人无己,神人无功,圣人无名。
3.《师说》韩愈
古之学者必有师。师者,所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者,孰能无惑?惑而不从师,其为惑也,终不解矣。生乎吾前,其闻道也固先乎吾,吾从而师之;生乎吾后,其闻道也亦先乎吾,吾从而师之。吾师道也,夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎?是故无贵无贱,无长无少,道之所存,师之所存也。
嗟乎!师道之不传也久矣!欲人之无惑也难矣!古之圣人,其出人也远矣,犹且从师而问焉;今之众人,其下圣人也亦远矣,而耻学于师。是故圣益圣,愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣,愚人之所以为愚,其皆出于此乎?爱其子,择师而教之;于其身也,则耻师焉,惑矣。彼童子之师,授之书而习其句读者,非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知,惑之不解,或师焉,或不焉,小学而大遗,吾未见其明也。巫医乐师百工之人,不耻相师。士大夫之族,曰师曰弟子云者,则群聚而笑之。问之,则曰:“彼与彼年相若也,道相似也。位卑则足羞,官盛则近谀。”呜呼!师道之不复可知矣。巫医乐师百工之人,君子不齿,今其智乃反不能及,其可怪也欤!
圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒,其贤不及孔子。孔子曰:三人行,则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师,师不必贤于弟子,闻道有先后,术业有专攻,如是而已。
李氏子蟠,年十七,好古文,六艺经传皆通习之,不拘于时,学于余。余嘉其能行古道,作《师说》以贻之。
4.《阿房宫赋》杜牧
六王毕,四海一,蜀山兀,阿房出。覆压三百余里,隔离天日。骊山北构而西折,直走咸阳。二川溶溶,流入宫墙。五步一楼,十步一阁;廊腰缦回,檐崖高啄;各抱地势,钩心斗角。盘盘焉,囷囷焉,蜂房水涡,矗不知其几千万落。长桥卧波,未云何龙?复道行空,不霁何虹?高低冥迷,不知西东。歌台暖响,春光融融;舞殿冷袖,风雨凄凄。一日之内,一宫之间,而气候不齐。
妃嫔媵嫱,王子皇孙,辞楼下殿,辇来于秦,朝歌夜弦,为秦宫人。明星荧荧,开妆镜也;绿云扰扰,梳晓鬟也;渭流涨腻,弃脂水也;烟斜雾横,焚椒兰也。雷霆乍惊,宫车过也;辘辘远听,杳不知其所之也。一肌一容,尽态极妍,缦立远视,而望幸焉。有不见者,三十六年。燕赵之收藏,韩魏之经营,齐楚之精英,几世几年,剽掠其人,倚叠如山。一旦不能有,输来其间。鼎铛玉石,金块珠砾,弃掷逦迤,秦人视之,亦不甚惜。
嗟乎!一人之心,千万人之心也。秦爱纷奢,人亦念其家。奈何取之尽锱铢,用之如泥沙?使负栋之柱,多于南亩之农夫;架梁之椽,多于机上之工女;钉头磷磷,多于在庾之粟粒;瓦缝参差,多于周身之帛缕;直栏横槛,多于九土之城郭;管弦呕哑,多于市人之言语。使天下之人,不敢言而敢怒。独夫之心,日益骄固。戍卒叫,函谷举,楚人一炬,可怜焦土!
呜呼,灭六国者六国也,非秦也。族秦者秦也,非天下也。嗟乎!使六国各爱其人,则足以拒秦;使秦复爱六国之人,则递三世可至万世而为君,谁得而族灭也?秦人不暇自哀,而后人哀之;后人哀之而不鉴之,亦使后人而复哀后人也。5.《赤壁赋》苏轼
壬戌之秋,七月既望,苏子与客泛舟,游于赤壁之下。清风徐来,水波不兴。举酒属客,诵明月之诗,歌窈窕之章。少焉,月出于东山之上,徘徊于斗牛之间。白露横江,水光接天。纵一苇之所如,凌万顷之茫然。浩浩乎如冯虚御风,而不知其所止;飘飘乎如遗世独立,羽化而登仙。
于是饮酒乐甚,扣舷而歌之。歌曰:“桂棹兮兰桨,击空明兮溯流光。渺渺兮予怀,望美人兮天一方。”客有吹洞箫者,倚歌而和之。其声呜呜然,如怨如慕,如泣如诉,余音袅袅,不绝如缕。舞幽壑之潜蛟,泣孤舟之嫠妇。
苏子愀然,正襟危坐而问客曰:“何为其然也?”客曰:“‘月明星稀,乌鹊南飞’,此非曹孟德之诗乎?西望夏口,东望武昌。山川相缪,郁乎苍苍,此非孟德之困于周郎者乎?方其破荆州,下江陵,顺流而东也,舳舻千里,旌旗蔽空,酾酒临江,横槊赋诗,固一世之雄也,而今安在哉?况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上,侣鱼虾而友麋鹿,驾一叶之扁舟,举匏樽以相属。寄蜉蝣于天地,渺沧海之一粟。哀吾生之须臾,羡长江之无穷。挟飞仙以遨游,抱明月而长终。知不可乎骤得,托遗响于悲风。”
苏子曰:“客亦知夫水与月乎?逝者如斯,而未尝往也;盈虚者如彼,而卒莫消长也。盖将自其变者而观之,则天地曾不能以一瞬;自其不变者而观之,则物与我皆无尽也,而又何羡乎!且夫天地之间,物各有主,苟非吾之所有,虽一毫而莫取。惟江上之清风,与山间之明月,耳得之而为声,目遇之而成色,取之无禁,用之不竭,是造物者之无尽藏也,而吾与子之所共适。”
客喜而笑,洗盏更酌。肴核既尽,杯盘狼籍。相与枕藉乎舟中,不知东方之既白。6.寡人之于国也
孟子
梁惠王曰:“寡人之于国也,尽心焉耳矣。河内凶,则移其民于河东,移其粟于河内;河东凶亦然。察邻国之政,无如寡人之用心者。邻国之民不加少,寡人之民不加多,何也?
孟子对曰:“王好战,请以战喻。填然鼓之,兵刃既接,弃甲曳兵而走。或百步而后止,或五十步而后止。以五十步笑百步,则何如?”曰:“不可,直不百步耳,是亦走也。”曰:“王如知此,则无望民之多于邻国也。
“不违农时,谷不可胜食也;数罟不入洿池,鱼鳖不可胜食也;斧斤以时入山林,材木不可胜用也。谷与鱼鳖不可胜食,材木不可胜用,是使民养生丧死无憾也。养生丧死无憾,王道之始也。“五亩之宅,树之以桑,五十者可以衣帛矣。鸡豚狗彘之畜,无失其时,七十者可以食肉矣。百亩之田,勿夺其时,数口之家,可以无饥矣;谨庠序之教,申之以孝悌之义,颁白者不负戴于道路矣。七十者衣帛食肉,黎民不饥不寒,然而不王者,未之有也。“狗彘食人食而不知检,涂有饿莩而不知发,人死,则曰:‘非我也,岁也。’是何异于刺人而杀之,曰‘非我也,兵也’?王无罪岁,斯天下之民至焉。” 7.陈情表
李密
臣密言:臣以险衅,夙遭闵凶。生孩六月,慈父见背;行年四岁,舅夺母志。祖母刘悯臣孤弱,躬亲抚养。臣少多疾病,九岁不行,零丁孤苦,至于成立。既无伯叔,终鲜兄弟,门衰祚薄,晚有儿息。外无期功强近之亲,内无应门五尺之僮,茕茕孑立,形影相吊。而刘夙婴疾病,常在床蓐,臣侍汤药,未曾废离。
逮奉圣朝,沐浴清化。前太守臣逵察臣孝廉;后刺史臣荣举臣秀才。臣以供养无主,辞不赴命。诏书特下,拜臣郎中,寻蒙国恩,除臣洗马。猥以微贱,当侍东宫,非臣陨首所能上报。臣具以表闻,辞不就职。诏书切峻,责臣逋慢;郡县逼迫,催臣上道;州司临门,急于星火。臣欲奉诏奔驰,则刘病日笃,欲苟顺私情,则告诉不许。臣之进退,实为狼狈。
伏惟圣朝以孝治天下,凡在故老,犹蒙矜育,况臣孤苦,特为尤甚。且臣少仕伪朝,历职郎署,本图宦达,不矜名节。今臣亡国贱俘,至微至陋,过蒙拔擢,宠命优渥,岂敢盘桓,有所希冀!但以刘日薄西山,气息奄奄,人命危浅,朝不虑夕。臣无祖母,无以至今日,祖母无臣,无以终余年。母孙二人,更相为命,是以区区不能废远。
臣密今年四十有四,祖母今年九十有六,是臣尽节于陛下之日长,报养刘之日短也。乌鸟私情,愿乞终养。臣之辛苦,非独蜀之人士及二州牧伯所见明知,皇天后土,实所共鉴。愿陛下矜悯愚诚,听臣微志,庶刘侥幸,保卒余年。臣生当陨首,死当结草。臣不胜犬马怖惧之情,谨拜表以闻。8.兰亭集序
王羲之
永和九年,岁在癸丑,暮春之初,会于会稽山阴之兰亭,修禊事也。群贤毕至,少长咸集。此地有崇山峻岭,茂林修竹;又有清流激湍,映带左右,引以为流觞曲水,列坐其次。虽无丝竹管弦之盛,一觞一咏,亦足以畅叙幽情。是日也,天朗气清,惠风和畅,仰观宇宙之大,俯察品类之盛,所以游目骋怀,足以极视听之娱,信可乐也。
夫人之相与,俯仰一世,或取诸怀抱,悟言一室之内;或因寄所托,放浪形骸之外。虽趣舍万殊,静躁不同,当其欣于所遇,暂得于己,快然自足,不知老之将至。及其所之既倦,情随事迁,感慨系之矣。向之所欣,俯仰之间,已为陈迹,犹不能不以之兴怀。况修短随化,终期于尽。古人云:“死生亦大矣。”岂不痛哉!
每览昔人兴感之由,若合一契,未尝不临文嗟悼,不能喻之于怀。固知一死生为虚诞,齐彭殇为妄作。后之视今,亦犹今之视昔。悲夫!故列叙时人,录其所述,虽世殊事异,所以兴怀,其致一也。后之览者,5 亦将有感于斯文。
9.游褒禅山记(于是余有叹焉„„此余之所得也)
王安石
褒禅山亦谓之华山,唐浮图慧褒始舍于其址,而卒葬之;以故其后名之曰“褒禅”。今所谓慧空禅院者,褒之庐冢也。距其院东五里,所谓华山洞者,以其乃华山之阳名之也。距洞百余步,有碑仆道,其文漫灭,独其为文犹可识曰“花山”。今言“华”如“华实”之“华”者,盖音谬也。
其下平旷,有泉侧出,而记游者甚众,所谓前洞也。由山以上五六里,有穴窈然,入之甚寒,问其深,则其好游者不能穷也,谓之后洞。余与四人拥火以入,入之愈深,其进愈难,而其见愈奇。有怠而欲出者,曰:“不出,火且尽。”遂与之俱出。盖余所至,比好游者尚不能十一,然视其左右,来而记之者已少。盖其又深,则其至又加少矣。方是时,余之力尚足以入,火尚足以明也。既其出,则或咎其欲出者,而余亦悔其随之,而不得极夫游之乐也。
于是余有叹焉。古人之观于天地、山川、草木、虫鱼、鸟兽,往往有得,以其求思之深而无不在也。夫夷以近,则游者众;险以远,则至者少。而世之奇伟、瑰怪,非常之观,常在于险远,而人之所罕至焉,故非有志者不能至也。有志矣,不随以止也,然力不足者,亦不能至也。有志与力,而又不随以怠,至于幽暗昏惑而无物以相之,亦不能至也。然力足以至焉,于人为可讥,而在己为有悔;尽吾志也而不能至者,可以无悔矣,其孰能讥之乎?此余之所得也!
余于仆碑,又以悲夫古书之不存,后世之谬其传而莫能名者,何可胜道也哉!此所以学者不可以不深思而慎取之也。
四人者:庐陵萧君圭君玉,长乐王回深父,余弟安国平父、安上纯父。
至和元年七月某日,临川王某记。10.六国论
苏洵
六国破灭,非兵不利,战不善,弊在赂秦。赂秦而力亏,破灭之道也。或曰:六国互丧,率赂秦耶?曰:不赂者以赂者丧,盖失强援,不能独完。故曰:弊在赂秦也。
秦以攻取之外,小则获邑,大则得城。较秦之所得,与战胜而得者,其实百倍;诸侯之所亡,与战败而亡者,其实亦百倍。则秦之所大欲,诸侯之所大患,固不在战矣。思厥先祖父,暴霜露,斩荆棘,以有尺寸之地。子孙视之不甚惜,举以予人,如弃草芥。今日割五城,明日割十城,然后得一夕安寝。起视四境,而秦兵又至矣。然则诸侯之地有限,暴秦之欲无厌,奉之弥繁,侵之愈急。故不战而强弱胜负已判矣。至于颠覆,理固宜然。古人云:“以地事秦,犹抱薪救火,薪不尽,火不灭。此言得之。
齐人未尝赂秦,终继五国迁灭,何哉?与嬴而不助五国也。五国既丧,齐亦不免矣。燕赵之君,始有远略,能守其土,义不赂秦。是故燕虽小国而后亡,斯用兵之效也。至丹以荆卿为计,始速祸焉。赵尝五战于秦,二败而三胜。后秦击赵者再,李牧连却之。洎牧以谗⒀诛,邯郸为郡,惜其用武而不终也。且燕赵处秦革灭殆尽之际,可谓智力孤危,战败而亡,诚不得已。向使三国各爱其地,齐人勿附于秦,刺客不行,良将犹在,则胜负之数,存亡之理,当与秦相较,或未易量。
呜呼!以赂秦之地封天下之谋臣,以事秦之心礼天下之奇才,并力西向,则吾恐秦人食之不得下咽也。悲夫!有如此之势,而为秦人积威之所劫,日削月割,以趋于亡。为国者无使为积威之所劫哉!
夫六国与秦皆诸侯,其势弱于秦,而犹有可以不赂而胜之之势。苟以天下之大,而从六国破亡之故事,是又在六国下矣。11.氓《诗经》
氓之蚩蚩,抱布贸丝。匪来贸丝,来即我谋。送子涉淇,至于顿丘。匪我愆期,子无良媒。将子无怒,秋以为期。
乘彼垝垣,以望复关。不见复关,泣涕涟涟。既见复关,载笑载言。尔卜尔筮,体无咎言。以尔车来,以我贿迁。
桑之未落,其叶沃若。于嗟鸠兮,无食桑葚; 于嗟女兮,无与士耽。士之耽兮,犹可说也; 女之耽兮,不可说也。
桑之落矣,其黄而陨。自我徂尔,三岁食贫。淇水汤汤,渐车帷裳。女也不爽,士贰其行。士也罔极,6 二三其德。
三岁为妇,靡室劳矣; 夙兴夜寐,靡有朝矣。言既遂矣,至于暴矣。兄弟不知,咥其笑矣。静言思之,躬自悼矣。
及尔偕老,老使我怨。淇则有岸,隰则有泮。总角之宴,言笑晏晏。信誓旦旦,不思其反。反是不思,亦已焉哉!12.离骚屈原
长太息以掩涕兮,哀民生之多艰。余虽好修姱以鞿羁兮,謇朝谇而夕替。既替余以蕙纕兮,又申之以揽茝。亦余心之所善兮,虽九死其犹未悔。怨灵修之浩荡兮,终不察夫民心。众女嫉余之蛾眉兮,谣诼谓余以善淫。固时俗之工巧兮,偭规矩而改错。背绳墨以追曲兮,竞周容以为度。忳郁邑余侘傺兮,独穷困乎此时也。宁溘死以流亡兮,余不忍为此态也。鸷鸟之不群兮,自前世而固然。何方圜之能周兮,夫孰异道而相安? 屈心而抑志兮,忍尤而攘诟。伏清白以死直兮,固前圣之所厚。
悔相道之不察兮,延伫乎吾将反。回朕车以复路兮,及行迷之未远。步余马于兰皋兮,驰椒丘且焉止息。进不入以离尤兮,退将复修吾初服。制芰荷以为衣兮,集芙蓉以为裳。不吾知其亦已兮,苟余情其信芳。高余冠之岌岌兮,长余佩之陆离。芳与泽其杂糅兮,唯昭质其犹未亏。忽反顾以游目兮,将往观乎四荒。佩缤纷其繁饰兮,芳菲菲其弥章。民生各有所乐兮,余独好修以为常。虽体解吾犹未变兮,岂余心之可惩。13.短歌行 曹操
对酒当歌,人生几何!譬如朝露,去日苦多。
慨当以慷,忧思难忘。何以解忧?唯有杜康。
青青子衿,悠悠我心。但为君故,沉吟至今。
呦呦鹿鸣,食野之苹。我有嘉宾,鼓瑟吹笙。
明明如月,何时可掇?忧从中来,不可断绝。
越陌度阡,枉用相存。契阔谈讌,心念旧恩。
月明星稀,乌鹊南飞。绕树三匝,何枝可依?
山不厌高,海不厌深。周公吐哺,天下归心。14.归去来兮辞·并序 陶渊明
归去来兮,田园将芜胡不归?既自以心为形役,奚惆怅而独悲?悟已往之不谏,知来者之可追。实迷 7 途其未远,觉今是而昨非。舟遥遥以轻飏,风飘飘而吹衣。问征夫以前路,恨晨光之熹微。
乃瞻衡宇,载欣载奔。僮仆欢迎,稚子候门。三径就荒,松菊犹存。携幼入室,有酒盈樽。引壶觞以自酌,眄庭柯以怡颜。倚南窗以寄傲,审容膝之易安。园日涉以成趣,门虽设而常关。策扶老以流憩,时矫首而遐观。云无心以出岫,鸟倦飞而知还。景翳翳以将入,抚孤松而盘桓。
归去来兮,请息交以绝游。世与我而相违,复驾言兮焉求?悦亲戚之情话,乐琴书以消忧。农人告余以春及,将有事于西畴。或命巾车,或棹孤舟。既窈窕以寻壑,亦崎岖而经丘。木欣欣以向荣,泉涓涓而始流。善万物之得时,感吾生之行休。
已矣乎!寓形宇内复几时?曷不委心任去留?胡为乎遑遑欲何之?富贵非吾愿,帝乡不可期。怀良辰以孤往,或植杖而耘耔。登东皋以舒啸,临清流而赋诗。聊乘化以归尽,乐夫天命复奚疑!15.滕王阁序(时维九月„„声断衡阳之浦)王勃
豫章故郡,洪都新府。星分翼轸,地接衡庐。襟三江而带五湖,控蛮荆而引瓯越。物华天宝,龙光射牛斗之墟;人杰地灵,徐孺下陈蕃之榻。雄州雾列,俊采星驰。台隍枕夷夏之交,宾主尽东南之美。都督阎公之雅望,棨戟遥临;宇文新州之懿范,襜帷暂驻。十旬休假,胜友如云;千里逢迎,高朋满座。腾蛟起凤,孟学士之词宗;紫电青霜,王将军之武库。家君作宰,路出名区;童子何知,躬逢胜饯。
时维九月,序属三秋。潦水尽而寒潭清,烟光凝而暮山紫。俨骖騑于上路,访风景于崇阿。临帝子之长洲,得仙人之旧馆。层峦耸翠,上出重霄;飞阁流丹,下临无地。鹤汀凫渚,穷岛屿之萦回;桂殿兰宫,即冈峦之体势。
披绣闼,俯雕甍,山原旷其盈视,川泽纡其骇瞩。闾阎扑地,钟鸣鼎食之家;舸舰迷津,青雀黄龙之舳。云销雨霁,彩彻区明。落霞与孤鹜齐飞,秋水共长天一色。渔舟唱晚,响穷彭蠡之滨,雁阵惊寒,声断衡阳之浦。
遥襟甫畅,逸兴遄飞。爽籁发而清风生,纤歌凝而白云遏。睢园绿竹,气凌彭泽之樽;邺水朱华,光照临川之笔。四美具,二难并。穷睇眄于中天,极娱游于暇日。天高地迥,觉宇宙之无穷;兴尽悲来,识盈虚之有数。望长安于日下,目吴会于云间。地势极而南溟深,天柱高而北辰远。关山难越,谁悲失路之人;萍水相逢,尽是他乡之客。怀帝阍而不见,奉宣室以何年?
嗟乎!时运不齐,命途多舛。冯唐易老,李广难封。屈贾谊于长沙,非无圣主;窜梁鸿于海曲,岂乏明时?所赖君子见机,达人知命。老当益壮,宁移白首之心?穷且益坚,不坠青云之志。酌贪泉而觉爽,处涸辙以犹欢。北海虽赊,扶摇可接;东隅已逝,桑榆非晚。孟尝高洁,空余报国之情;阮籍猖狂,岂效穷途之哭!
勃,三尺微命,一介书生。无路请缨,等终军之弱冠;有怀投笔,慕宗悫之长风。舍簪笏于百龄,奉晨昏于万里。非谢家之宝树,接孟氏之芳邻。他日趋庭,叨陪鲤对;今兹捧袂,喜托龙门。杨意不逢,抚凌云而自惜;钟期既遇,奏流水以何惭?
呜乎!胜地不常,盛筵难再;兰亭已矣,梓泽丘墟。临别赠言,幸承恩于伟饯;登高作赋,是所望于群公。敢竭鄙怀,恭疏短引;一言均赋,四韵俱成。请洒潘江,各倾陆海云尔:
滕王高阁临江渚,佩玉鸣鸾罢歌舞。
画栋朝飞南浦云,珠帘暮卷西山雨。
闲云潭影日悠悠,物换星移几度秋。
阁中帝子今何在?槛外长江空自流。16.山居秋暝 王维
空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。
明月松间照,清泉石上流。
竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。
随意春芳歇,王孙自可留。17.将进酒 李白
君不见,黄河之水天上来,奔流到海不复回。君不见,高堂明镜悲白发,朝如青丝暮成雪。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。天生我材必有用,千金散尽还复来。烹羊宰牛且为乐,会须一饮三百杯。
岑夫子,丹丘生,将进酒,杯莫停。与君歌一曲,请君为我倾耳听。钟鼓馔玉不足贵,但愿长醉不复醒。古来圣贤皆寂寞,惟有饮者留其名。陈王昔时宴平乐,斗酒十千恣欢谑。
主人何为言少钱,径须沽取对君酌。五花马,千金裘,呼儿将出换美酒,与尔同销万古愁。18.梦游天姥吟留别 李白
海客谈瀛洲,烟涛微茫信难求。越人语天姥,云霓明灭或可睹。天姥连天向天横,势拔五岳掩赤城。天台四万八千丈,对此欲倒东南倾。
我欲因之梦吴越,一夜飞度镜湖月。湖月照我影,送我至剡溪。谢公宿处今尚在,绿水荡漾清猿啼,脚著谢公屐,身登青云梯。半壁见海日,空中闻天鸡。千岩万转路不定,迷花倚石忽已暝。熊咆龙吟殷岩泉,栗深林兮惊层巅。云青青兮欲雨,水澹澹兮生烟。列缺霹雳,丘峦崩摧。洞天石扇,訇然中开。青冥浩荡不见底,日月照耀金银台。霓为衣兮风为马,云之君兮纷纷而来下。虎鼓瑟兮鸾回车,仙之人兮列如麻。忽魂悸以魄动,恍惊起而长嗟。惟觉时之枕席,失向来之烟霞。
世间行乐亦如此,古来万事东流水。别君去兮何时还?且放白鹿青崖间,须行即骑访名山。安能摧眉折腰事权贵,使我不得开心颜!19.蜀道难李白
噫吁嚱!危乎高哉!蜀道之难,难于上青天!蚕丛及鱼凫,开国何茫然!尔来四万八千岁,不与秦塞通人烟。西当太白有鸟道,可以横绝峨眉巅。地崩山摧壮士死,然后天梯石栈相钩连。上有六龙回日之高标,下有冲波逆折之回川。黄鹤之飞尚不得过,猿猱欲度愁攀援。青泥何盘盘,百步九折萦岩峦。扪参历井仰胁息,以手抚膺坐长叹。
问君西游何时还?畏途巉岩不可攀。但见悲鸟号古木,雄飞雌从绕林间。又闻子规啼夜月,愁空山。蜀道之难,难于上青天,使人听此凋朱颜!连峰去天不盈尺,枯松倒挂倚绝壁。飞湍瀑流争喧豗,砯崖转石万壑雷。古蜀道其险也如此,嗟尔远道之人,胡为乎来哉。
剑阁峥嵘而崔嵬,一夫当关,万夫莫开。所守或匪亲,化为狼与豺。朝避猛虎,夕避长蛇,磨牙吮血,杀人如麻。锦城虽云乐,不如早还家。蜀道之难难于上青天,侧身西望长咨嗟。20.旅夜书怀
杜甫 细草微风岸,危樯独夜舟。星垂平野阔,月涌大江流。名岂文章著,官应老病休。飘飘何所似,天地一沙鸥。21.蜀相
杜甫
丞相祠堂何处寻,锦官城外柏森森。映阶碧草自春色,隔叶黄鹂空好音。三顾频烦天下计,两朝开济老臣心。出师未捷身先死,长使英雄泪满襟。22.登岳阳楼
杜甫 昔闻洞庭水,今上岳阳楼。吴楚东南坼,乾坤日夜浮。亲朋无一字,老病有孤舟。戎马关山北,凭轩涕泗流。23.登高杜甫
风急天高猿啸哀,渚清沙白鸟飞回。无边落木萧萧下,不尽长江滚滚来。万里悲秋常作客,百年多病独登台。艰难苦恨繁霜鬓,潦倒新停浊酒杯。
24.《琵琶行》白居易
浔阳江头夜送客,枫叶荻花秋瑟瑟。主人下马客在船,举酒欲饮无管弦。醉不成欢惨将别,别时茫茫江浸月。
忽闻水上琵琶声,主人忘归客不发。寻声暗问弹者谁?琵琶声停欲语迟。移船相近邀相见,添酒回灯重开宴。千呼万唤始出来,犹抱琵琶半遮面。转轴拨弦三两声,未成曲调先有情。弦弦掩抑声声思,似诉平生不得志。低眉信手续续弹,说尽心中无限事。轻拢慢捻抹复挑,初为《霓裳)》后《六幺》大弦嘈嘈如急雨,小弦切切如私语。嘈嘈切切错杂弹,大珠小珠落玉盘。间关莺语花底滑,幽咽泉流冰下难。冰泉冷涩弦凝绝,凝绝不通声暂歇。别有幽愁暗恨生,此时无声胜有声。银瓶乍破水浆迸,铁骑突出刀枪鸣。曲终收拨当心画,四弦一声如裂帛。东船西舫悄无言,唯见江心秋月白。
沉吟放拨插弦中,整顿衣裳起敛容。自言本是京城女,家在虾蟆陵下住。十三学得琵琶成,名属教坊第一部。曲罢曾教善才服,妆成每被秋娘妒。五陵年少争缠头,一曲红绡不知数。钿头云篦击节碎,血色罗裙翻酒污。今年欢笑复明年,秋月春风等闲度。弟走从军阿姨死,暮去朝来颜色故。门前冷落鞍马稀,老大嫁作商人妇。商人重利轻别离,前月浮梁买茶去。去来江口守空船,绕船月明江水寒。夜深忽梦少年事,梦啼妆泪红阑干。我闻琵琶已叹息,又闻此语重唧唧。同是天涯沦落人,相逢何必曾相识!我从去年辞帝京,谪居卧病浔阳城。浔阳地僻无音乐,终岁不闻丝竹声。住近湓江地低湿,黄芦苦竹绕宅生。其间旦暮闻何物?杜鹃啼血猿哀鸣。春江花朝秋月夜,往往取酒还独倾。岂无山歌与村笛?呕哑嘲哳难为听。
今夜闻君琵琶语,如听仙乐耳暂明。莫辞更坐弹一曲,为君翻作《琵琶行》。感我此言良久立,却坐促弦弦转急。凄凄不似向前声,满座重闻皆掩泣。座中泣下谁最多?江州司马青衫湿。25.无题
李商隐
昨夜星辰昨夜风,画楼西畔桂堂东。身无彩凤双飞翼,心有灵犀一点通。隔座送钩春酒暖,分曹射覆蜡灯红。嗟余听鼓应官去,走马兰台类转蓬。26.锦瑟李商隐
锦瑟无端五十弦,一弦一柱思华年。庄生晓梦迷蝴蝶,望帝春心托杜鹃。沧海月明珠有泪,蓝田日暖玉生烟。此情可待成追忆?只是当时已惘然。27.虞美人李煜
春花秋月何时了?往事知多少。小楼昨夜又东风,故国不堪回首月明中。雕栏玉砌应犹在,只是朱颜改。问君能有几多愁,恰似一江春水向东流。28.雨霖铃
柳永
寒蝉凄切,对长亭晚,骤雨初歇。都门帐饮无绪,留恋处,兰舟催发。执手相看泪眼,竟无语凝噎。念去去,千里烟波,暮霭沉沉楚天阔。
多情自古伤离别,更那堪冷落清秋节!今宵酒醒何处?杨柳岸,晓风残月。此去经年,应是良辰好景虚设。便纵有千种风情,更与何人说? 29.苏幕遮
范仲淹
碧云天,黄叶地,秋色连波,波上寒烟翠。山映斜阳天接水,芳草无情,更在斜阳外。
黯乡魂,追旅思,夜夜除非,好梦留人睡。明月楼高休独倚,酒入愁肠,化作相思泪。30.蝶恋花
欧阳修
庭院深深深几许,杨柳堆烟,帘幕无重数。玉勒雕鞍游冶处,楼高不见章台路。
雨横风狂三月暮,门掩黄昏,无计留春住。泪眼问花花不语,乱红飞过秋千去。
31.定**
苏轼
莫听穿林打叶声,何妨吟啸且徐行。竹杖芒鞋轻胜马,谁怕?一蓑烟雨任平生。
料峭春风吹酒醒,微冷,山头斜照却相迎。回首向来萧瑟处,归去,也无风雨也无晴。32.念奴娇苏轼
大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。故垒西边,人道是,三国周郎赤壁。乱石穿空,惊涛拍岸,卷起千堆雪。江山如画,一时多少豪杰。
遥想公瑾当年,小乔初嫁了,雄姿英发。羽扇纶巾,谈笑间,樯橹灰飞烟灭。故国神游,多情应笑我,早生华发。人生如梦,一尊还酹江月。33.清平乐
黄庭坚
春归何处。寂寞无行路。若有人知春去处。唤取归来同住。
春无踪迹谁知。除非问取黄鹂。百啭无人能解,因风飞过蔷薇。34.一剪梅
李清照
红藕香残玉簟秋。轻解罗裳,独上兰舟。云中谁寄锦书来,雁字回时,月满西楼。
花自飘零水自流。一种相思,两处闲愁。此情无计可消除,才下眉头,却上心头。35.声声慢
李清照
寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒,怎敌他、晚来风急?雁过也,正伤心,却是旧时相识。
满地黄花堆积。憔悴损,如今有谁堪摘?守着窗儿,独自怎生得黑?梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏、点点滴滴。这次第,怎一个愁字了得!(守着窗儿 一作:守著窗儿)36.醉花阴李清照
薄雾浓云愁永昼,瑞脑销金兽。佳节又重阳,玉枕纱厨,半夜凉初透。东篱把酒黄昏后,有暗香盈袖。莫道不销魂,帘卷西风,人比黄花瘦。37.满江红岳飞
怒发冲冠,凭阑处、潇潇雨歇。抬望眼、仰天长啸,壮怀激烈。三十功名尘与土,八千里路云和月。莫等闲,白了少年头,空悲切。
靖康耻,犹未雪;臣子恨,何时灭。驾长车,踏破贺兰山缺。壮志饥餐胡虏肉,笑谈渴饮匈奴血。待从头、收拾旧山河,朝天阙。
38.水龙吟·登建康赏心亭 辛弃疾
楚天千里清秋,水随天去秋无际。遥岑远目,献愁供恨,玉簪螺髻。落日楼头,断鸿声里,江南游子。把吴钩看了,栏杆拍遍,无人会,登临意。
休说鲈鱼堪脍,尽西风,季鹰归未?求田问舍,怕应羞见,刘郎才气。可惜流年,忧愁风雨,树犹如此!倩何人唤取,红巾翠袖,揾英雄泪!39.永遇乐 辛弃疾
千古江山,英雄无觅,孙仲谋处。舞榭歌台,风流总被,雨打风吹去。斜阳草树,寻常巷陌,人道寄奴曾住。想当年,金戈铁马,气吞万里如虎。
元嘉草草,封狼居胥,赢得仓皇北顾。四十三年,望中犹记,烽火扬州路。可堪回首,佛狸祠下,一片神鸦社鼓。凭谁问,廉颇老矣,尚能饭否?
40.扬州慢·淮左名都
姜夔
淮左名都,竹西佳处,解鞍少驻初程。过春风十里。尽荠麦青青。自胡马窥江去后,废池乔木,犹厌言兵。渐黄昏,清角吹寒,都在空城。
杜郎俊赏,算而今、重到须惊。纵豆蔻词工,青楼梦好,难赋深情。二十四桥仍在,波心荡、冷月无声。念桥边红药,年年知为谁生。
初中部分(50篇)一.《论语》十八则
1.子曰:“学而时习之,不亦说乎?有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎?”(《学而》)2.子曰:“温故而知新,可以为师矣。”(《为政》)3.子曰:“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。”(《为政》)
4.子曰:“由,诲女知之乎!知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。”(《为政》)5.子曰:“见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。”(《里仁》)
6.子曰:“三人行,必有我师焉。择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。”(《述而》)
7.曾子曰:“士不可以不弘毅,任重而道远。仁以为己任,不亦重乎?死而后已,不亦远乎?”(《泰伯》)8.曾子曰:“吾日三省吾身。为人谋而不忠乎?与朋友交而不信乎?传不习乎?” 9.子曰:“岁寒,然后知松柏之后凋也。”(《子罕》)
10.子贡问曰:“有一言而可以终身行之者乎?”子曰:“其恕乎!己所不欲,勿施于人。”(《卫灵公》)11.子曰:“默而识之,学而不厌,诲人不倦,何有于我哉!”(《述而》)
12.子贡问曰:“孔文子何以谓之”文“也?”子曰:“敏而好学,不耻下问,是以谓之”文“也。”(《公治长》)
13.子曰:“不愤不启,不悱不发。举一隅不以三隅反,则不复也。”(《述而》)
14.子曰:“吾十有五而志于学,三十而立,四十而不惑,五十而知天命,六十而耳顺,七十而从心所欲,不逾矩。”
15.子曰:“贤哉,回也!一箪食,一瓢饮,在陋巷,人不堪其忧,回也不改其乐。贤哉,回也!” 16.子曰:“知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。”
17.子曰:“饭疏食饮水,曲肱而枕之,乐亦在其中矣。不义而富且贵,于我如浮云。” 18.子在川上曰:“逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜。” 19.子曰:“三军可夺帅也,匹夫不可夺志也。”
20.子夏曰;“博学而笃志,切问而近思,仁在其中矣。”
二、鱼我所欲也
孟子
鱼,我所欲也;熊掌,亦我所欲也,二者不可得兼,舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生,亦我所欲也,义,亦我所欲也,二者不可得兼,舍生而取义者也。生亦我所欲,所欲有甚于生者,故不为苟得也。死亦我所恶,所恶有甚于死者,故患有所不辟也。如使人之所欲莫甚于生,则凡可以得生者何不用也?使人之所恶莫甚于死者,则凡可以辟患者何不为也?由是则生而有不用也,由是则可以辟患而有不为也。是故所欲有甚于生者,所恶有甚于死者。非独贤者有是心也,人皆有之,贤者能勿丧耳。
一箪食,一豆羹,得之则生,弗得则死。呼尔而与之,行道之人弗受;蹴尔而与之,乞人不屑也。万钟则不辨礼义而受之,万钟于我何加焉!为宫室之美,妻妾之奉,所识穷乏者得我与?乡为身死而不受,今为宫室之美为之;乡为身死而不受,今为妻妾之奉为之;乡为身死而不受,今为所识穷乏者得我而为之:是亦不可以已乎?此之谓失其本心。
三、《生于忧患,死于安乐》孟子
舜发于畎亩之中,傅说举于版筑之间,胶鬲举于鱼盐之中,管夷吾举于士,孙叔敖举于海,百里奚举 于市。
故天将降大任于是人也,必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏其身,行拂乱其所为,所以动心忍性,曾益其所不能。
人恒过,然后能改;困于心衡于虑而后作;征于色发于声而后喻。入则无法家拂士,出则无敌国外患者,国恒亡。
然后知生于忧患,而死于安乐也。
四、曹刿论战《左传》
十年春,齐师伐我。公将战。曹刿请见。其乡人曰:“肉食者谋之,又何间焉?”刿曰:“肉食者鄙,未能远谋。”乃入见。问:“何以战?”公曰:“衣食所安,弗敢专也,必以分人。”对曰:“小惠未徧,民弗从也。”公曰:“牺牲玉帛,弗敢加也,必以信。”对曰:“小信未孚,神弗福也。”公曰:“小大之狱,虽不能察,必以情。”对曰:“忠之属也。可以一战。战则请从。”
公与之乘。战于长勺。公将鼓之。刿曰:“未可。”齐人三鼓。刿曰:“可矣。”齐师败绩。公将驰之。刿曰:“未可。”下视其辙,登轼而望之,曰:“可矣。”遂逐齐师。
既克,公问其故。对曰:"夫战,勇气也。一鼓作气,再而衰,三而竭。彼竭我盈,故克之。夫大国,难测也,惧有伏焉。吾视其辙乱,望其旗靡,故逐之。
五、邹忌讽齐王纳谏《战国策》
邹忌(zōu jì)修八尺有余,形貌昳(yì)丽。朝(zhāo)服衣冠,窥(kuī)镜,谓(wâi)其妻曰:“我孰(shú)与城北徐公美?”其妻曰:“君美甚,徐公何能及君也?”城北徐公,齐国之美丽者也。忌不自信,而复问其妾(qiâ)曰:“吾孰与徐公美?”妾曰:“徐公何能及君也?”旦日,客从外来,与坐谈,问之客曰:“吾与徐公孰美?”客曰:“徐公不若君之美也。”明日,徐公来,孰视之,自以为不如;窥镜而自视,又弗(fú)如远甚。暮寝而思之,曰:“吾妻之美我者,私我也;妾之美我者,畏我也;客之美我者,欲有求于我也。”
于是入朝见威王,曰:“臣诚知不如徐公美。臣之妻私臣,臣之妾畏臣,臣之客欲有求于臣,皆以美于徐公。今齐地方千里,百二十城,宫妇左右莫不私王,朝廷之臣莫不畏王,四境之内莫不有求于王:由此观之,王之蔽甚矣。”
王曰:“善。”乃下令:“群臣吏(li)民能面刺寡(guǎ)人之过者,受上赏;上书谏寡人者,受中赏;能谤(bàng)讥于市朝(cháo),闻寡人之耳者,受下赏。”令初下,群臣进谏,门庭若市;数月之后,时时而间(jiàn)进;期年之后,虽欲言,无可进者。
燕、赵、韩、魏闻之,皆朝(cháo)于齐,此所谓战胜于朝廷。
六、出师表诸葛亮
先帝创业未半而中道崩殂(cú),今天下三分,益州疲(pí)弊,此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈(xiâ)于内,忠志之士忘身于外者,盖追先帝之殊遇,欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听,以光先帝遗(yí)德,恢弘志士之气,不宜妄自菲薄,引喻失义,以塞(sâ)忠谏之路也。[3] 宫中府中,俱为一体,陟(zhì)罚臧(zāng)否(pǐ),不宜异同。若有作奸犯科及为忠善者,宜付有司论其刑赏,以昭陛下平明之理,不宜偏私,使内外异法也。
侍中、侍郎郭攸(yōu)之、费祎(yī)、董允等,此皆良实,志虑忠纯,是以先帝简拔以遗(wâi)陛下。愚以为宫中之事,事无大小,悉以咨之,然后施行,必能裨(bì)补阙漏,有所广益。
将军向宠,性行(xíng)淑均,晓畅军事,试用于昔日,先帝称之曰能,是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事,悉以咨之,必能使行(háng)阵和睦,优劣得所。
亲贤臣,远小人,此先汉所以兴隆也;亲小人,远贤臣,此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时,每与臣论此事,未尝不叹息痛恨于桓(huán)、灵也。侍中、尚书、长(zhǎng)史、参军,此悉贞良死节之臣,愿陛下亲之信之,则汉室之隆,可计日而待也。
臣本布衣,躬耕于南阳,苟全性命于乱世,不求闻(wãn)达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑(bēi)鄙(bǐ),猥(wěi)自枉屈,三顾臣于草庐之中,咨臣以当世之事,由是感激,遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆,受任于败军之际,13 奉命于危难之间,尔来二十有(yîu)一年矣!先帝知臣谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来,夙(sù)夜忧叹,恐托付不效,以伤先帝之明,故五月渡(dù)泸,深入不毛。今南方已定,兵甲已足,当奖率三军,北定中原,庶(shù)竭驽(nú)钝,攘(rǎng)除奸凶,兴复汉室,还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益,进尽忠言,则攸之、祎、允之任也。
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效,不效,则治臣之罪,以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言,则责攸之、祎、允等之慢,以彰其咎(jiù)。陛下亦宜自谋,以咨诹(zōu)善道,察纳雅言,深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激!今当远离,临表涕零,不知所言。
七、桃花源记陶潜
晋太元中,武陵人捕鱼为业。缘溪行,忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林,夹岸数百步,中无杂树,芳草鲜美,落英缤纷,渔人甚异之。复前行,欲穷其林。
林尽水源,便得一山,山有小口,仿佛若有光。便舍船,从口入。初极狭,才通人。复行数十步,豁然开朗。土地平旷,屋舍俨然,有良田美池桑竹之属。阡陌交通,鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作,男女衣着,悉如外人。黄发垂髫,并怡然自乐。
见渔人,乃大惊,问所从来。具答之。便要还家,设酒杀鸡作食。村中闻有此人,咸来问讯。自云先世避秦时乱,率妻子邑人来此绝境,不复出焉,遂与外人间隔。问今是何世,乃不知有汉,无论魏晋。此人一一为具言所闻,皆叹惋。余人各复延至其家,皆出酒食。停数日,辞去。此中人语云:“不足为外人道也。”
既出,得其船,便扶向路,处处志之。及郡下,诣太守,说如此。太守即遣人随其往,寻向所志,遂迷,不复得路。
南阳刘子骥,高尚士也,闻之,欣然规往。未果,寻病终,后遂无问津者。八、三峡郦道元
自三峡七百里中,两岸连山,略无阙处。重岩叠嶂,隐天蔽日。自非亭午夜分,不见曦月。
至于夏水襄陵,沿溯阻绝。或王命急宣,有时朝发白帝,暮到江陵,其间千二百里,虽乘奔御风,不以疾也。
春冬之时,则素湍绿潭,回清倒影。绝巘多生怪柏,悬泉瀑布,飞漱其间,清荣峻茂,良多趣味。
每至晴初霜旦,林寒涧肃,常有高猿长啸,属引凄异,空谷传响,哀转久绝。故渔者歌曰:“巴东三峡巫峡长,猿鸣三声泪沾裳!”
九、马说韩愈
世有伯乐,然后有千里马。千里马常有,而伯乐不常有。故虽有名马,祗(zhǐ)辱于奴隶人之手,骈(pián)死于槽(cáo)枥(lì)之间,不以千里称也。
马之千里者,一食(shí)或尽粟(sù)一石(dàn[1])。食(sì)马者不知其能千里而食(sì)也。是马也,虽有千里之能,食(shí)不饱,力不足,才美不外见(xiàn),且欲与常马等不可得,安求其能千里也?
策之不以其道,食(sì)之不能尽其材,鸣之而不能通其意,执策而临之,曰:“天下无马!”呜呼!其真无马邪(yã)?其真不知马也。
十、《陋室铭》刘禹锡
山不在高,有仙则名。水不在深,有龙则灵。斯是陋室,惟吾德馨。苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青。谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁。可以调素琴,阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形。南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭。孔子云:“何陋之有?”
十一、小石潭记柳宗元
从小丘西行百二十步,隔篁竹,闻水声,如鸣佩环,心乐之。伐竹取道,下见小潭,水尤清冽。全石以为底,近岸,卷石底以出,为坻,为屿,为嵁,为岩。青树翠蔓,蒙络摇缀,参差披拂。
潭中鱼可百许头,皆若空游无所依。日光下彻,影布石上,佁然不动;俶尔远逝,往来翕忽。似与游者相 14 乐。潭西南而望,斗折蛇行,明灭可见。其岸势犬牙差互,不可知其源。
坐潭上,四面竹树环合,寂寥无人,凄神寒骨,悄怆幽邃。以其境过清,不可久居,乃记之而去。同游者:吴武陵,龚古,余弟宗玄。隶而从者,崔氏二小生:曰恕己,曰奉壹。
十二、岳阳楼记范仲淹
庆历四年春,滕子京谪守巴陵郡。越明年,政通人和,百废具兴。乃重修岳阳楼,增其旧制,刻唐贤今人诗赋于其上。属予作文以记之。
予观夫巴陵胜状,在洞庭一湖。衔远山,吞长江,浩浩汤汤(shāngshāng),横无际涯;朝晖夕阴,气象万千。此则岳阳楼之大观也,前人之述备矣。然则北通巫峡,南极潇湘,迁客骚人,多会于此,览物之情,得无异乎?
若夫淫雨霏霏,连月不开,阴风怒号,浊浪排空;日星隐曜,山岳潜形;商旅不行,樯倾楫摧;薄暮冥冥,虎啸猿啼。登斯楼也,则有去国怀乡,忧谗畏讥,满目萧然,感极而悲者矣。
至若春和景明,波澜不惊,上下天光,一碧万顷;沙鸥翔集,锦鳞游泳;岸芷汀兰,郁郁青青。而或长烟一空,皓月千里,浮光跃金,静影沉璧;渔歌互答,此乐何极!登斯楼也,则有心旷神怡,宠辱偕忘,把酒临风,其喜洋洋者矣。
嗟夫!予尝求古仁人之心,或异二者之为,何哉?不以物喜,不以己悲;居庙堂之高则忧其民,处江湖之远则忧其君。是进亦忧,退亦忧。然则何时而乐耶?其必曰“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”乎。欤!噫!微斯人,吾谁与归? 时六年九月十五日。
十三、醉翁亭记欧阳修
环滁(chú)皆山也。其西南诸峰,林壑(hâ)尤美。望之蔚然而深秀者,琅琊(láng yá)也。山行六七里,渐闻水声潺(chán)潺,而泻出于两峰之间者,酿泉也。峰回路转,有亭翼然临于泉上者,醉翁亭也。作亭者谁?山之僧智仙也。名之者谁?太守自谓也。太守与客来饮于此,饮少辄(zhã)醉,而年又最高,故自号曰醉翁也。醉翁之意不在酒,在乎山水之间也。山水之乐,得之心而寓之酒也。
若夫日出而林霏开,云归而岩穴(xuã)暝(míng),晦(huì)明变化者,山间之朝暮也。野芳发而幽香,佳木秀而繁阴,风霜高洁,水落而石出者,山间之四时也。朝而往,暮而归,四时之景不同,而乐亦无穷也。
至于负者歌于途,行者休于树,前者呼,后者应,伛(yǔ)偻(lǚ)提携,往来而不绝者,滁人游也。临溪而渔,溪深而鱼肥。酿泉为酒,泉香而酒洌(liâ);山肴(yáo)野蔌(sù),杂然而前陈者,太守宴也。宴酣(hān)之乐,非丝非竹,射者中,弈者胜,觥(gōng)筹交错,起坐而喧哗者,众宾欢也。苍颜白发,颓(tuí)然乎其间者,太守醉也。
已而夕阳在山,人影散乱,太守归而宾客从也。树林阴翳(yì),鸣声上下,游人去而禽鸟乐也。然而禽鸟知山林之乐,而不知人之乐;人知从太守游而乐,而不知太守之乐其乐也。醉能同其乐,醒能述以文者,太守也。太守谓谁?庐陵欧阳修也。
十四、爱莲说周敦颐
水陆草木之花,可爱者甚蕃(fán)。晋陶渊明独爱菊。自李唐来,世人甚爱牡丹。予(yú)独爱莲之出淤(yū)泥而不染,濯(zhuï)清涟而不妖,中通外直,不蔓不枝,香远益清,亭亭净植,可远观而不可亵(xiâ)玩焉。
予谓菊,花之隐逸者也;牡丹,花之富贵者也;莲,花之君子者也。噫(yì)!菊之爱,陶后鲜(xiǎn)有闻。莲之爱,同予者何人?牡丹之爱,宜乎众矣!
十五、记承天寺夜游苏轼
元丰六年十月十二日夜,解衣欲睡,月色入户,欣然起行。念无与为乐者,遂至承天寺,寻张怀民。怀民亦未寝,相与步于中庭。庭下如积水空明,水中藻荇(xìng)交横,盖竹柏影也。何夜无月?何处无竹柏?但少闲人如吾两人者耳。
十六、送东阳马生序(节选)宋濂
余幼时即嗜学。家贫,无从致书以观,每假借于藏书之家,手自笔录,计日以还。天大寒,砚冰坚,手指不可屈伸,弗之怠。录毕,走送之,不敢稍逾约。以是人多以书假余,余因得遍观群书。既加冠(guān),益慕圣贤之道。又患无硕师名人与游,尝趋百里外。从乡之先达执经叩问,先达德隆望尊,门人弟子填其室,未尝稍降辞色。余立侍左右,援疑质理,俯身倾耳以请;或遇其叱(chì)咄(duō),色愈恭,礼愈至,不敢出一言以复;俟(sì)其欣悦,则又请焉。故余虽愚,卒获有所闻。
当余之从师也,负箧(qiâ)曳(yâ)屣(xǐ)行深山巨谷中。穷冬烈风,大雪深数尺,足肤皲(jūn)裂而不知。至舍,四支僵劲(jìng)不能动,媵(yìng)人持汤沃灌,以衾(qīn)拥覆,久而乃和(huï)。寓逆旅,主人日再食,无鲜肥滋味之享。同舍生皆被(pī)绮(qǐ)绣,戴朱缨(yīng)宝饰之帽,腰白玉之环,左佩刀,右备容臭(xiù),烨(yâ)然若神人;余则缊(yùn)袍敝衣处其间,略无慕艳意。以中有足乐者,不知口体之奉不若人也。盖余之勤且艰若此。今虽耄老,未有所成,犹幸预君子之列,而承天子之宠光,缀公卿之后,日侍坐备顾问,四海亦谬称其氏名,况才之过于余者乎?
今诸生学于太学,县官日有月廪(lǐn)稍(shāo)之供,父母岁有裘(qiú)葛之遗(wâi),无冻馁(něi)之患矣;坐大厦之下而诵《诗》《书》,无奔走之劳矣;有司业、博业为之师,未有问而不告、求而不得者也;凡所宜有之书皆集于此,不必若余之手录,假诸人而后见也。其业有不精、德有不成者,非天质之卑,则心不若余之专耳,岂他人之过哉?
东阳马生君则在太学已二年,流辈甚称其贤。余朝京师,生以乡人子谒(yâ)余。撰(zhuàn)长书以为贽(zhì),辞甚畅达。与之论辩,言和而色夷。自谓少时用心于学甚劳。是可谓善学者矣。其将归见其亲也,余故道为学之难以告之。
十七、关雎《诗经》
关关雎鸠,在河之洲。窈窕淑女,君子好逑。参差荇菜,左右流之。窈窕淑女,寤寐求之。求之不得,寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉,辗转反侧。参差荇菜,左右采之。窈窕淑女,琴瑟友之。参差荇菜,左右芼之。窈窕淑女,钟鼓乐之。
十八、蒹葭《诗经》
蒹葭苍苍,白露为霜。所谓伊人,在水一方。溯(sù)洄从之,道阻且长。溯游从之,宛在水中央。蒹葭萋萋,白露未晞。所谓伊人,在水之湄。溯洄从之,道阻且跻。溯游从之,宛在水中坻。蒹葭采采,白露未已。所谓伊人,在水之涘。溯洄从之,道阻且右。溯游从之,宛在水中沚。
十九、观沧海曹操 东临碣石,以观沧海。水何澹澹,山岛竦峙。树木丛生,百草丰茂。秋风萧瑟,洪波涌起。日月之行,若出其中; 星汉灿烂,若出其里。幸甚至哉,歌以咏志。
二十、饮酒陶潜
结庐在人境,而无车马喧。问君何能尔?心远地自偏。采菊东篱下,悠然见南山。山气日夕佳,飞鸟相与还。此中有真意,欲辨已忘言。
二
一、送杜少府之任蜀州王勃 城阙辅三秦,风烟望五津。与君离别意,同是宦游人。海内存知己,天涯若比邻。无为在歧路,儿女共沾巾。二
二、次北固山下王湾 客路青山外,行舟绿水前。潮平两岸阔,风正一帆悬。海日生残夜,江春入旧年。乡书何处达? 归雁洛阳边。二
三、使至塞上王维
单车③欲问边④,属国⑤过居延⑥。征蓬⑦出汉塞,归雁⑨入胡天⑧。大漠⑩孤烟⑪直,长河⑫落日圆。萧关⑬逢候骑⑭,都护⑮在燕然⑯。二
四、闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄李白 杨花落尽子规啼,闻道龙标过五溪。我寄愁心与明月,随风直到夜郎西。二
五、行路难李白
金樽清酒斗十千,玉盘珍羞直万钱。停杯投箸不能食,拔剑四顾心茫然。欲渡黄河冰塞川,将登太行雪满山。闲来垂钓碧溪上,忽复乘舟梦日边。行路难!行路难!多歧路,今安在? 长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海。二
六、望岳 杜甫 岱宗夫如何?齐鲁青未了。造化钟神秀,阴阳割昏晓。荡胸生层云,决眦入归鸟。会当凌绝顶,一览众山小。二
七、春望杜甫
国破山河在,城春草木深。感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心。烽火连三月,家书抵万金。白头搔更短,浑欲不胜簪。二
八、茅屋为秋风所破歌杜甫
八月秋高风怒号,卷我屋上三重茅。茅飞渡江洒江郊,高者挂罥长林梢,下者飘转沉塘坳。南村群童欺我老无力,忍能对面为盗贼。公然抱茅入竹去,唇焦口燥呼不得,归来倚杖自叹息。
俄顷风定云墨色,秋天漠漠向昏黑。布衾多年冷似铁,娇儿恶卧踏里裂。床头屋漏无干处,雨脚如麻未断绝。自经丧乱少睡眠,长夜沾湿何由彻!
安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜,风雨不动安如山!呜呼!何时眼前突兀见此屋,吾庐独破受冻死亦足!
二
九、白雪歌送武判官归京岑参 北风卷地白草折,胡天八月即飞雪。忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开。散入珠帘湿罗幕,狐裘不暖锦衾薄。将军角弓不得控,都护铁衣冷难着。瀚海阑干百丈冰,愁云惨淡万里凝。中军置酒饮归客,胡琴琵琶与羌笛。纷纷暮雪下辕门,风掣红旗冻不翻。轮台东门送君去,去时雪满天山路。山回路转不见君,雪上空留马行处。三
十、早春呈水部张十八员外韩愈 天街小雨润如酥,草色遥看近却无。最是一年春好处,绝胜烟柳满皇都。三
一、酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠刘禹锡巴山楚水凄凉地,二十三年弃置身。怀旧空吟闻笛赋,到乡翻似烂柯人。沉舟侧畔千帆过,病树前头万木春。今日听君歌一曲,暂凭杯酒长精神。三
二、观刈麦白居易 田家少闲月,五月人倍忙。夜来南风起,小麦覆陇黄。妇姑荷箪食,童稚携壶浆,相随饷田去,丁壮在南冈。足蒸暑土气,背灼炎天光,力尽不知热,但惜夏日长。复有贫妇人,抱子在其旁,右手秉遗穗,左臂悬敝 筐。听其相顾言,闻者为悲伤。家田输税尽,拾此充饥肠。今我何功德?曾不事农桑。吏禄三百石,岁晏有余粮。念此私自愧,尽日不能忘。三
三、钱塘湖春行白居易
孤山寺北贾亭西,水面初平云脚低。几处早莺争暖树,谁家新燕啄春泥。乱花渐欲迷人眼,浅草才能没马蹄。最爱湖东行不足,绿杨阴里白沙堤。三
四、雁门太守行李贺
黑云压城城欲摧,甲光向日金鳞开。角声满天秋色里,塞上燕脂凝夜紫。半卷红旗临易水,霜重鼓寒声不起。报君黄金台上意,提携玉龙为君死。
三
五、赤壁杜牧
折戟沉沙铁未销,自将磨洗认前朝。东风不与周郎便,铜雀春深锁二乔。三
六、泊秦淮杜牧
烟笼寒水月笼沙,夜泊秦淮近酒家。商女不知亡国恨,隔江犹唱《后庭花》。三
七、夜雨寄北李商隐
君问归期未有期,巴山夜雨涨秋池。何当共剪西窗烛?却话巴山夜雨时。三
八、无题李商隐
相见时难别亦难,东风无力百花残。春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干。晓镜但愁云鬓改,夜吟应觉月光寒。蓬山此去无多路,青鸟殷勤为探看。三
九、相见欢李煜
无言独上西楼,月如钩。寂寞梧桐深院锁清秋。剪不断,理还乱,是离愁。别是一般滋味在心头。
四
十、渔家傲•秋思范仲淹
塞下秋来风景异,衡阳雁去无留意。四面边声连角起,千嶂里,长烟落日孤城闭。浊酒一杯家万里,燕然未勒归无计。羌管悠悠霜满地,人不寐,将军白发征夫泪。四
一、浣溪沙晏殊
一曲新词酒一杯,去年天气旧亭台。夕阳西下几时回? 无可奈何花落去,似曾相识燕归来。小园香径独徘徊。四
二、登飞来峰王安石
飞来山上千寻塔,闻说鸡鸣见日升。不畏浮云遮望眼,自缘身在最高层。四
三、江城子苏轼
老夫聊发少年狂,左牵黄,右擎苍,锦帽貂裘,千骑卷平冈。为报倾城随太守,亲射虎,看孙郎。酒酣胸胆尚开张,鬓微霜,又何妨。持节云中,何日遣冯唐?会挽雕弓如满月,西北望,射天狼。
四
四、水调歌头苏轼
丙辰中秋,欢饮达旦,大醉,作此篇,兼怀子由。
明月几时有?把酒问青天。不知天上宫阙,今夕是何年。我欲乘风归去,又恐琼楼玉宇,高处不胜寒。起舞弄清影,何似在人间。转朱阁,低绮户,照无眠。不应有恨,何事长向别时圆?人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺,此事古难全。但愿人长久,千里共婵娟⒂。四
五、游山西村陆游
莫笑农家腊酒浑,丰年留客足鸡豚。山重水复疑无路,柳暗花明又一村。箫鼓追随春社近,衣冠简朴古风存。从今若许闲乘月,拄杖无时夜叩门。四
六、破阵子辛弃疾
醉里挑灯看剑,梦回吹角连营。八百里分麾下炙,五十弦翻塞外声。沙场秋点兵。马作的卢飞快,弓如霹雳弦惊。了却君王天下事,赢得生前身后名。可怜白发生!
四
七、过零丁洋文天祥
辛苦遭逢起一经,干戈寥落四周星。山河破碎风飘絮,身世浮沉雨打萍。惶恐滩头说惶恐,零丁洋里叹零丁。人生自古谁无死?留取丹心照汗青。四
八、天净沙•秋思马致远 枯藤老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下,断肠人在天涯。
四
九、山坡羊•潼关怀古 张养浩
峰峦如聚,波涛如怒,山河表里潼关路。望西都,意踌躇。
伤心秦汉经行处,宫阙万间都做了土。兴,百姓苦; 亡,百姓苦。
五
十、己亥杂诗 龚自珍
浩荡离愁白日斜,吟鞭东指即天涯。落红不是无情物,化作春泥更护花。
第五篇:高考必背作文
【参考范文1】
I Want to Smile
There are many advantages of smiling.It can not only make us happy, but also please others.If we smile at life, life will smile on us in return.So I want to smile at all whenever and wherever possible.First, I would like to smile at my parents because they have given me life and take all the trouble to bring me up.They arrange almost everything for me.With their help, I have made great progress.I would like to say “Thank you” to them with a smile.Then my smile should go to myself, for only in this way can I gain more confidence in smiling my troubles away and live a better life.In a word, let’s greet every day with a smile.Tomorrow is another day.