1999-2014中科院、中国人民大学、暨南大学新闻学考博真题

第一篇：1999-2014中科院、中国人民大学、暨南大学新闻学考博真题

2014社科院考博真题

新闻传播理论与历史

一、概述传播学芝加哥学派代表性人物关于传播的社会影响的主要观点。

二、列举一本你印象最深刻的新闻学理论著作进行评述。（包括主要学术观点、理论体系、有点与不足等）

三、试论大众传播中的宣传观念和宣传话语。

四、论新闻学研究中“学”与“术”的关系。

传播与社会发展理论与实践

1、什么是发展？传播与发展的关系是什么？该书传播与社会发展（发展传播学）的主要理论。

2、联系你的个人或家庭经历谈谈你对传播与社会发展的治学旨趣。

3、谈谈你对“社会性别”概念的理解，并对某一媒介作品进行社会性别分析。

4、概述媒介素养教育的起源、发展及不同流派。

5、举例说明商业流行文化或主流文化与工人阶级文化的区别。

传媒经营管理的基础理论与实践

1、在传媒经营研究中素有“内容为王”与“渠道为王”之争。请就此谈谈你的观点。

2、请阐述品牌在传媒经营管理中的重要性。

3、目前传统媒体数字化转型的探索主要有哪些类型，请举例概述之。

4、列举你所读过的3本有关传媒经营管理方面的著作，并作简要点评（包括论题、主要学术观点，理论体系、优点与不足等）

新闻法治与伦理的学理基础

1、在我国是否需要制定专门的《新闻法》这一问题上，国内学界目前有三种不同的观点：一种观点主张“暂缓制定”，另一种观点主张“尽早制定”，还有一种观点主张“未必制定”。请你就上述问题谈谈自己的看法。

2、试述新闻报道活动中可能面临的伦理冲突及其应对方案。

3、我国宪法第三十五条规定：“中华人民共和国公民有言论、出版、集会、结社、游行、示威的自由。”中共十七大报告提出：“保障人民的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权。”请简要分析说明上述引文中“言论自由”与“表达权”这两个概念的异同。

4、简述你对国内媒介法（或传播法）研究的总体印象及评价。

5、请列举国内两至三位研究媒介与传播伦理问题的学者，简要点评他们在上述专业方向的一项研究成果。（专著、论文或研究报告）

2013年人大新闻学考博真题

一、新闻史论

1、试论述中国与美国政党报纸出现、发展历史及对各自国家新闻事业的影响。

2、结合当前改革实践，论新闻观念更新与新闻制度建设的基本关系。

3、用“长尾理论”阐释Web2.0时代小众化群体传播现象。

4、进入大数据时代，从新闻传播角度有哪些值得研究的领域，择其一谈谈你的研究思路与构想。

（共4题，每题25分）

二、新闻业务

1、论新媒体条件下，职业新闻工作者提高内容生产专业化水平的方法与途径。

2、请分析传播技术与信息终端的变化对新闻编辑工作产生的影响，论述编辑业务改革的思路与方法。

3、结合实际案例，分析官方微博、意见领袖微博、网民微博在网络舆论形成中的作用。

2013年社科院考博真题

新闻传播理论与历史

一、我国现行宪法中明示或蕴含了哪些新闻与传播理念。

二、概述传播学研究中文化研究学派的起源、主要人物和代表性观点，以及其他学派对该学派的批评。

三、在传播研究历史中，有哪些主要的关于媒介暴力的研究，综述这些研究的内容、方法以及结论，并对其学术贡献和局限性做出评价

四、论新闻学研究的理性与良知。新闻实务研究

一、新媒体时代，人人都有可能成为记者，职业记者还有存在的必要吗？为什么？

二、有人说，微博呈现的是一个世界，传统媒体呈现的是另一个世界，而日常生活中的世界却与它们都不同。这是为什么？试分析之。

三、据报道，美国纽约时报公司的营业收入中，2012年发行收入首次超过了广告收入。有人认为，这是付费墙发挥了作用。对此，你怎么看？你认为付费墙这种经营手段能够挽救传统报纸的颓势吗？为什么？

四、针对闾丘露薇《说说电视记者这行吧》，就文中观点谈谈你的看法和见解。

2012中国社会科学院考博真题

新闻传播理论与历史

一、简述马克思主义理论对法兰克福批判学派的影响。1000字左右

二、试论麦克卢汉关于传播科技的主要观点及其对当代传播学发展的影响。1000字左右

三、我的治学选择„„——谈谈本人的学术志趣、知识积累与研究成果 新闻实务研究

一、略论公民新闻

二、观点评述媒体的功能和角色、社会影响、与受众的关系

2012年中传媒考博真题

新闻理论与历史

1、试论新闻法治的法律依据。

2、谈谈你对唐代敦煌进奏院状属性的认识。

3、谈谈你对媒介批评方法的认识。传播理论与历史

1、结合微博对社会舆论的影响，试述微博对传播学中现有理论的推动。

2、运用传播学相关理论，评述我国政府的国家形象建构策略。

3、试析社会转型期媒介的伦理与规制问题。

2011年中科院考博真题

新闻传播理论与历史

一、试论马克思主义对中国新闻理论的影响。1000字

二、试述辛亥革命时期重要人物于右任的办报活动。1000字

三、就你所熟悉的某一传播学理论（或学派），试述其历史发展、代表人物、主要观点、代表性研究以及同行对此理论（或学派）的批评与评价。1500字 新闻实务研究

1、随着新媒体的兴起和普及，新闻传播的渠道日益多样化，有人认为现在是“人人都有麦克风”的时代。在这样的时代背景下，新闻表达面临着哪些机遇与挑战？1000字左右

2、试论好新闻的品味与评判 1000字

3、阅读材料，分析新闻编辑应该具有的职业操守。1500字

2010年中科院考博真题

新闻传播理论与历史

一、试论新闻媒体的公信 1000字左右

二、邹韬奋先生是我国近代史上接触的新闻记者、政治家和出版家。周恩来曾评价说“韬奋同志经历的道路，是中国知识分子走向进步，走向革命的道路”。请结合邹韬奋的新闻活动经历，谈谈你对周恩来对之评价的认识。1000字

三、请阐述传播学研究中美国效果研究、法兰克福学派批判研究和英国文化研究的主要区别。（要求写出各项研究有代表性的学者及其研究成果。1500字左右）新闻实务研究

一、2008年6月20日，胡锦涛在考察人民日报社时就新闻宣传工作发表了讲话。他在谈到“必须不断改革创新，增强舆论引导的针对性和实效性”这一问题时，指出：“要按照新闻传播规律办事。”请结合当前我国新闻传播活动的现状，谈谈你对“按照新闻传播规律办事”的理解和认识。1000字左右

二、在媒介融合成为传媒业发展趋势的当下，“全媒体”是个热门的概念。请谈谈你对“全媒体”的理解。1000字左右

三、时评撰写1500字 2011年暨南大学考博真题

新闻理论与历史

一、简述题

1、什么是“媒介事件”，你对“媒介事件”有何看法？

2、什么是“公共广播电视”，如何评价这种广播电视体制？

二、论述题

1、试论媒介融合的理论内涵及其现实进程。

2、结合具体史料，从文人论政的角度，分析我国近代知识分子与报刊的关系。新闻传播业务

1、试论网络群体性事件的成因及其应对策略

2、试论全球化背景下我国对外报道存在的不足及改进的思路与策略

3、试论当前国内传媒业深化改革的主要障碍及寻求突破的思路与策略（可以从总体上展开论述，也可以有选择地重谈报业、出版业或广播电视业等）

2010年暨南大学考博真题

1、试评述我国自20世纪90年代中期以来的“新闻策划”或“新闻传播策划”研究。

2、论述五四时期知识分子的办报活动及其社会意义。

3、以延安《解放日报》和重庆《新闻日报》为例，论述中共党报史上两种不同的办报模式和办报风格。

4、近年来国内新闻出版业在体制改革方面有何重大突破？还存在哪些问题？请结合实例谈谈你的看法。

5、请谈谈媒体在群体事件中的社会责任与报道策略（可结合典型案例展开论述）。

6、“媒介融合”是目前业界学界关注的一个热点问题。请谈谈其现状、发展趋势以及对新闻报道和媒介经营管理可能产生的影响。

2009年中科院考博真题

新闻理论研究

一、建立新闻人的职业优遇与约束。1000字左右

二、今年是我国著名记者范长江诞生百年。请你从新闻史的角度谈谈对其名篇《中国的西北角》和《塞上行》的看法。1000字左右

三、就你最感兴趣的研究领域，谈谈与之相关的传播学理论。1500字左右 新闻实务研究

一、简论新闻媒体报道的事实选择。1000字

二、2008年3月14日西藏拉萨发生了打杂抢烧严重暴力事件。西方媒体对之做了密集报道。然而，人们发现，某些西方媒体在报道中采用了“移花接木”、“张冠李戴”等手法，严重歪曲事实。在你看来，西方媒体对“西藏问题”的报道说明了什么？1000字左右

三、就所提供的阅读材料，根据你所掌握的新闻学与传播学知识，对该事件进行分析，表明你的立场和观点。角度自选，题目自拟。1500字

2009年暨大考博真题

1、请结合新闻史料，评述近代西方传教士在华办报活动。

2、改革开放以来，我国舆论环境不断创新，试论述其基本历程及其主要成果。

3、请结合实例谈谈你对市场竞争中媒介发展战略的提出及意义。

4、试选择过去一年中传媒有关重大突发事件的报道进行评析。

2007年人大新闻学考博真题

新闻学专业 新闻实务

一、请结合中国新闻媒体的运行现状，论述市场经济环境中坚守新闻报道基本原则的障碍与对策。25分

二、简述“公民新闻”对专业新闻媒体的影响。25分

三、试论述web2.0带来的传播环境变化中，专业新闻工作者面临的挑战与前景。

新闻史与新闻理论 新闻史部分 注：（1）新闻史方向考生，以下三题必答，每题25分。

（2）新闻理论、新闻实务方向的考生，以下三题选答一题，每题25分。

一、简析近代化报刊在中国诞生的历史原因，及其对中国新闻业的影响。25分

二、简析1912至1949这一段时期中国民间报业的发展。25分

三、邓拓的办报活动。25分

新闻理论部分（新闻史考生择一题回答）

一、请论述媒介融合的理论依据和实践意义。25分

二、请论述新闻媒体弘扬主旋律与体现舆论多样性的关系。25分

三、请论述新闻媒体在化解社会危机中的作用。25分 新闻学基础

简答下列问题（每题10分，共100分）

一、解释符号的能指和所指，举出至少一个实例。

二、解释公共领域概念，并说明最初提出者的基本情况。

三、列出奥尔波特、波斯特曼的传闻传播公式，说明怎样做可以制止或减少传闻的传播。

四、跨文化传播中的“文化休克”是指什么？

五、什么是传播科技的异化现象？

六、宣传方式中的“号召随大流”是指什么？举出至少一个实例。

七、消息的“倒金字塔”结构的基本特点有哪些？

八、什么是新闻报道中的平衡原则？分别举出新闻写作、报纸版面编辑中对平衡原则的运用。

九、简单叙述世界四大通讯社的历史与现状。

十、简单叙述中国电视业的发展历史。2006年人大新闻学考博真题

新闻学专业

新闻史与新闻理论（全答）

一、简析中华民国成立前夕资产阶级革命派的办报活动。

二、试论《新青年》在五四运动和中国共产党建党时期的作用和影响。

三、怎样评价张季鸾。

新闻理论部分（择一题回答）

四、试论我国报业集团组建十年来的成绩、经验和问题。

五、结合实际，试论新闻专业主义的基本理念与内涵。

六、请谈谈你对“有什么样的媒体就有什么样的受众”和“有什么样的受众就有什么样的媒体”的理解。新闻实务

一、数字技术与网络传播的发展对传统新闻媒体产生了巨大影响，请结合实例分析这种影响的具体表现，并谈谈在这一发展趋势下，新闻传播业务的改革方向与策略。50分

二、试述在现阶段维护和提升传媒公信力应该遵循的基本原则。50分 新闻学基础

一、简述新闻背景的功能及如何恰当运用新闻背景。10分

二、简述深度报道的特点与难点。20分

三、新闻标题有哪些种类？制作新闻标题的要求是什么？20分

四、简析新闻传播过程中三个基本要素之间的相互关系。10分

五、如何理解我国新闻传媒的产业属性？20分

六、如何理解新闻工作的职业精神？20分

2006年中国传媒大学考博真题

新闻理论与历史

1、试论舆论监督和社会主义政治文明建设的关系。25分

2、我国媒介批评研究的现状和发展趋势述评。25分

3、试述1978年真理标准大讨论对新闻改革的指导意义。25分

4、抗战时期日伪新闻事业剖析。25分 新闻采编

1、论报纸风格。20分

2、论述报纸等传统媒体与网络新媒体的对接。20分

3、巩固和提升公信力、思想性、读者层次——试述中共党报新闻宣传改革中的若干问题。

4、试述我国主流媒体新闻采编工作在构建社会主义和谐社会中的作用。30分 注：每题答案应在800字左右。传播理论与历史

1、试论传播全球化的历史逻辑。30分

2、简述皮尔斯的符号学理论。20分

3、举例说明媒介系统依赖理论。20分

4、论中国社会阶层的结构变化对大众传播的影响。30分 2005年人大新闻学考博真题

新闻学专业

新闻史部分（全答）

一、怎样评价戊戌维新时期资产阶级维新派的办报活动？试申述之。25分

二、试就延安《解放日报》和重庆《新华日报》各自的特点和它们当时的作用与影响，作一比较分析。25分

三、简论邵飘萍对中国新闻事业的贡献。25分 新闻理论部分（选一题回答）

四、试论新闻传媒在构建社会主义和谐社会中的地位和作用。25分

五、试论公信力对新闻传媒的意义，并分析影响新闻传媒公信力的主要因素。25分

六、试析新闻传播中出现低俗之风的原因，并论述防止低俗之风的对策。25分 新闻实务试题

一、新闻机构的新闻业务活动会受到哪些因素的影响？当代新闻业对新闻从业人员有哪些新的要求？请举例论述之。50分

二、请结合实例，评析我国对典型报道的组织与实施。50分

2005年社科院真题

新闻传播理论与历史

一、“软实力”概念是在什么背景下、由谁首先提出来的？其主要内涵是什么？试述它对开展跨国传播、构建国家形象及发展和弘扬本国文化的意义。1000字左右，30分

二、简述“传播权”的主要内容及其意义（30分，1000字左右）

三、论《新青年》的历史地位（40分，1500字左右）。

2005年中国传媒大学真题

新闻理论与历史

1、论中国特色社会主义新闻理论研究的对象、方法和意义。（25分）

2、新闻职业精神论。25分

3、试述我国抗日新闻事业的特点并列举两位抗日爱国新闻工作者的业绩。25分

4、评论一本近年来出版的中国新闻史著作。25分

2004年人大新闻学考博真题

新闻史部分（必答，各35分）

一、试析外国传教士在近代中国的办报活动。

二、怎样评价国共两党以外的“中间势力报刊”在新闻史中的地位，及其在现代中国报业中的作用和影响？

新闻理论部分（选答一题）

三、结合当前我国实际阐述新闻媒介如何促进政治文明建设。

四、试述科学发展观对新闻工作的意义。新闻实务

一、概述改革开放以来我国新闻业务改革的主要成就。25分选择两三个典型的新闻报道案例展开分析，论述其报道人员新闻报道理念和业务操作技巧的创新与突破。25分

二、新闻与文学有哪些根本不同？消息能否散文化？为什么？你认为新闻写作怎样借鉴文学手法？50分

2003年人大新闻学考博真题

新闻史方向

新闻史:怎样看待和评价中国近代新闻史上以“文人论政”为标榜的报纸和报人? 试结合当时的政治和新闻工作申论之。(100 分)新闻理论:试述你对新闻理论的创新的认识的建议。(100 分)新闻实务(加试):11 新闻记者与新闻编辑同是新闻传播活动的主体,但又担负着不同的任务。请你谈谈对采编工作和采编关系的认识。(50 分)21 成就报道是我国新闻传播的重要内容之一,你认为我国新闻媒介的成就报道有什么经验和不足? 如何才能做好成就报道?(50 分)新闻学论文:谈谈新闻工作者的职业操守。(100 分)

新闻理论方向、实务方向

新闻理论:试述你对新闻理论的创新的认识的建议。(100 分)新闻实务:11 你认为记者工作有哪些优势和劣势? 根据这些特点,新闻记者应该加强那些自身修养?(50 分)21 在现代新闻传播活动中,新闻报道的独家特色可以从那些方面表现出来? 你认为新闻编辑在创造新闻

报道的独家特色方面应该做些什么?(50 分)新闻学论文(加试):谈谈新闻工作者的职业操守。(100 分)新闻史(加试):11 五四和建党时期有哪些有代表性的报刊? 它们在马克思主义的传播方面起过那些积极作用和影响?(50 分)21 简论邹韬奋和范长江对中国新闻事业的贡献。(50 分)2002年人大新闻学考博真题

新闻史方向 新闻史

试结合近代化报纸诞生以来中国新闻事业发展的历史,就新闻与政治、新闻与经济、新闻与文学艺术的关系作一个简要的论述和分析。(100 分)新闻理论与新闻实务

一、新闻理论部分(50 分)

1、新闻传播的宏观控制体系主要包括哪些内容?(25 分)

2、试析影响新闻价值取向的社会因素。(25 分)

二、新闻实务部分(50 分)

1、试分析新闻传播活动中的“媒介联动”现象。(25 分)

2、谈谈深度报道对新闻采编工作的要求。(25 分)新闻理论方向 新闻理论

一、试述社会责任理论关于媒介自由与公众自由的观点,并给以评价。(50 分)

二、就“南丹事件”论舆论监督与民主法制建设。(50 分)新闻史与新闻实务

一、新闻史部分(50 分)

1、简述延安《解放日报》创办的历史过程及其在整风运动中的作用和影响。(25 分)

2、试述发达国家现代报业的发展阶段及其特征。(25 分)

二、新闻实务部分(50 分)

1、试分析新闻传播活动中的“媒介联动”现象。(25 分)

2、谈谈深度报道对新闻采编工作的要求。(25 分)新闻实务方向 新闻实务

一、谈谈你理想中的报纸(或电台、电视台)。(50 分)

二、试论如何处理好新闻采编关系、加强新闻采编管理,以适应新闻竞争的需要。(50 分)新闻史与新闻理论

一、新闻史部分(50 分)

1、简述延安《解放日报》创办的历史过程及其在整风运动中的作用和影响。(25 分)

2、试述发达国家现代报业的发展阶段及其特征。(25 分)

二、新闻理论部分(50 分)

1、新闻传播的宏观控制体系主要包括哪些内容?(25 分)

2、试析影响新闻价值取向的社会因素。(25 分)新闻学基础知识(同等学力者加试)

一、试述新闻与宣传的联系与区别。(20 分)

二、试述“政治家办报”的含义与基本要求。(20 分)

三、试论新闻价值的客观性和这一观点对新闻工作的意义。(30 分)

四、就大学生“伤熊事件”的报道论舆论监督的社会监视和社会控制功能。(30 分)

2001年人大新闻学考博真题

新闻史方向

考试科目：新闻史

文人论政这一口号是在什么时候什么情况下提出来的？中国近现代新闻史上有哪些代表性的以文人论政为标榜的报人和报刊？他们之间的传承关系如何？怎样评价他们的历史地位和他们的作用及影响？试详分析。100分 科目：新闻理论和新闻实务

一、试论新闻价值的客观性和新闻价值的主观性。50分

二、简论现场采访对新闻的发现与新闻写作的意义。25分

三、试述改革开放以来新闻编辑职能的变化。25分

新闻理论方向

考试科目：新闻理论

一、谈谈你对经济全球化态势下中国新闻文化走向的看法。50分

二、试论传播效果与新闻宣传的度。50分 考试科目：新闻史与新闻实务

一、简述整风运动前后延安《解放日报》的改版及其影响。25分

二、试述改革开放以来我国新闻业发展的历史过程及其特点。25分

三、简论现场采访对新闻的发现与新闻写作的意义。25分

四、试述改革开放以来新闻编辑职能的变化。25分

2000年人大新闻学考博真题

新闻理论方向 新闻理论

一、试析网络媒介对我国舆论环境的影响并提出对策建议。50分

二、试比较西方的“社会责任理论”与我国新闻工作者自律规范之一的“社会责任感”。50分

新闻史与新闻实务

一、试对戊戌维新时期的报刊政论活动作一简单的评述。25分

二、简述延安《解放日报》、重庆《新华日报》的历史功绩。25分

三、简论新闻报道策划 50分

新闻史方向 新闻史

近代以来的中国新闻事业对中国民主革命、社会主义革命和社会主义建设的进程，起了哪些作用和影响？它们之间的关系如何？试申述之。100分 新闻理论与新闻实务

一、论新闻是新闻传媒的主角。50分

二、简论新闻报道策划。50分

1999年人大新闻学考博真题

新闻史

1.本世纪即将结束，试就近一百年来中国新闻事业发展的历史，根据你的了解分成若干阶段，进行全面的概括和总结。100分

2.抗日战争时期中国新闻事业的发展情况如何？有哪些代表性的报刊和新闻工作者？它们和他们对抗日战争的胜利作出了哪些突出的贡献？ 新闻理论

1.试论社会主义市场经济条件下的新闻价值取向。2.比较中西传媒舆论监督功能的共同点和不同点。新闻实务 1.近年来我国许多传媒提出要“贴近读者（或听众、观众）”，试评述之。

第二篇：中国人民大学-考博英语真题

中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题

客观题部分

请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！II.Vocabulary(10 points)PartA(5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices

marked iL B, C arm 1).Choose the:one thatbest completes the

sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across

the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.Example: She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ A.previously B.vLrtually

C.primarily D.domestically The sentence should read,;“She prefers foreign wine to that produce domesticany.” Therefore, you should choose D.Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [D]

1.International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__

patriotism.A.obsolete

B.aggressive C.harmonious D.amiable Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts.A.dilemmas B.countenances C.concessions D.junctions 3.People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify D.adhere 4.Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife

for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A.conservation B.maintenance C.storage

D.reserve 5.According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking 15 points.last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted D.fluctuated 6.Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and

frustrated thousands of users around the world.A.genius

B.vires

C.disease

D.bacteria 7.The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the.worst form of

competition in schools.A.negligent B.edible

C.fabulous D.disproportionate 8.The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his

grandparents lived.A.reconciled

B.consolidated C.deteriorated

D.attributed 9.During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to

practice his Chinese.A.passed on B.passed up C.passed by D.passed out 10.When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be

distributed.A.paradoxes B.legacies

C.platitudes D.analogin Part B(5 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase

underlined.Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and

D.Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square

bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.Example: The secretary is Very competent;she can finish all these letters within one

..;.,ca, ODe bour.A.careful

B.industrious C.clever

D.capable In this sentence, “competent” is closest-;n m e:zting to “capable”.Therefore you should choose D.Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [DD] 11.He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional

roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.A.depict

B.advocate

D;criticize D.analyze 12,.They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.A.confirm B.achieve C.match

D exaggerate

13.The most urgent thing is to find a dump.for those toxic____ industrial wastes.A.imminent B.recyclable C.smelly D.poisonous i4.British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction.A.allies

B.delegates C.voters

D.juries

15.The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and our own retirement security is ,chilling.A.frightening B.promising

C.freezing D.revealing 16.Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A.secret plan B.bold attack

C.clever design D.joint effort 17.Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different beorefical and political positions.A.trustworthy B.intelligent

C.diligent D.meticulous 18.Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.A.intriguing B.exasperating: C.demonstrative D.unprovoked 19.The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for.nocturnal raids in the forest.A.illegal

B.night-time

C, brutal D.abusive 20.Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight, A.mercurial B, gallant

C.ardent D.frugal III.Cloze(10 points)Directions : Read the following passage.Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on Answer Sheet I.Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, ___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full-time passion.The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph.D candidates ___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet.Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on Yahoo.During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community.They developed customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material ___32___ on the Intemet.The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for “Yet

Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle”.but Filo and Yang insist they selected the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos.Yahoo? itself first ___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, “akebono”, while the search engine was ___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, “Konishiki”.In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files ___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape.As a result Stanford's computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc.Today, Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.1.A.became

B.grew

C.mm

D.intend 2.A.made

B.saw

C.looked

D.turned 3.A.in

B.on

C.about

D.fer 4.A.touch

?.contact

C.n-ack

D.record 5.A.founded

E.found

C.argued

D.reported 6.A.unwieldy

B.tough

C.tamable

D invaluable

7.A.exchanged

B.shank

C.sold

D.converted 8.A.explain

B.serve

C.discover

D.evaluate 9.A.which

B.that

C.actually

D.eagerly 10.A.relative

B.interactive C.bound

D.contacted 11.A.fluently

B.efficiently C.exactly

D.actually 12.A.transmitted B.purchased C.sold

D.13.A.about

B.bound

C.going

D.supposed I4.A.fable

B.model

C.name

D.brand 15.A.supported

B.resided

C.lived

D.launched 16.A.connected B.lodged

C.introduced D.linked 17.A.over

B, away

C.inside

D.beneath 18.A.housed

B.caught

C.hosed

D.bidden 19.A.average

B.normal

C.ordinary

D.equal 20.A.attains

B.detains

C.maintains D.contains IV.Reading Comprehension(20 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1

Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break babies.One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children spend on academic activities.Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited.Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes.However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often

result.To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes.Over the next few weeks the teacher could gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd handwriting.When children first learn to form letters, their movements awkward and they lack free motor coordination.The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space.If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated.Once students can form letters

within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students

who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room.The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and tell them to start making paper airplanes.After the students have made several

airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class.To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and

misbehave in the media center.Reading is incompatible with talking.The media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read them while in the center.Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep.The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very

boring.Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students and raise their interest in the course.41.The purpose of this passage is to___ A.inform B.persuade

C.debate

D.narrate 42.Guthrie identified three methods for__ A.educating students

B.altering bad habits C.avoiding undesired action

D.forming good hobbies 43.Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method? A.Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the

child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B.Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young

children and gradually increase session length but not to where students

become frustrated or bored.C.Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is

introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D.A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his

parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.44.To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth.Over time.watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snac 'king.What method is used in this example? A.The threshold method.B.The fatigue method.C.The incompatible response method.D.The punishment method.45.We can draw the conclusion from the passage that A.The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted

response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes

exhausted B.The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a

response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be

performed simultaneously

C.The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde

into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes

a cue for not performing it D.The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child

make response incompatible with unwanted response Passage 2 The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing.Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing wralts.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market.“Nova” is Latin for new(star)“ and means ”star“ in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like ”no va“, meaning ”it doesn't go“.Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning.When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales picked up” dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies.3ne American food company's friendly “Jolly Green Giant”(for advertising ,egetables)became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”.No wonder customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good ranslafions--,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ff aarketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new pentare ihto the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest.The mail reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique

called “back translation” to reduce the possibility of blunders.The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back.Effective translators aim to capture the, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be shot and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.46.The best title of this passage might be __.A.Culture Is Very Important ia Advertishag B.Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations C.Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries D.Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles 47.What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage? A.hesitation B.mistake C.stutter D.default 48.Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6? A.Cultural shocks

B.Faulty translations C.Avoid cultural oversights D.Prevent blunders 49.We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “ca ” most probably mean____ A.an animal used in perfume for its smell B.a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals C.a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funerals D.an nrnament used in prefume and at funerals 50.One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to___ A.fire the translators who don't know the target language.B.use the technique called “literal translation” to reduce the possibility of

blunders C.avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokes D.explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries Passage 3 It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses.In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down.Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers.It is not the boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies wi！be swept out more quickly in hard times;it is the company he worries about.His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of.his company and the industry.so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase.At the very topexecutives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual.Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits.His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields.Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape” and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running.But his doctor's admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf eyes.He likes to work.He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search fares,” is a growing industry.America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.51.We can infer from the second paragraph that___

A.promotion depends on amiability

B.chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level

C.it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his

subordinates

D.a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the

industry 52.The term “aerobic exercise”(fa'st line in second last paragraph)is a kind Of

____

A.hallucination exercise

B.physical exercise

C.meditation exercise

D.entertainment 53.From the last paragraph we can gather that ____

A.there are too many aggressive executives

B.individual talent is not essential for a company

C.the job of an “executive search rum” is corporate head-hunting

D.it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial

ranks 54.For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a pl where ________

A.they can conduct their business

B.they can indulge themselves

C.they can cultivate their mind

D.they can exercise as well as socialize 55.What is NOT tree according to the article? A.Executives tend to ignore doctors' advice and warnings.B.Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C.All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D.Executives are careful of what they eat.Passage 4 In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together withsome of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society WhiCh.he had four, dod in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan's Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech.Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional govemment imposed by the United States that had, in his words, “turned Japan spineless.” Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the general's office and there, before the general's unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the tradifonal samurai ritual of seppuku.After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into his left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword.The aide likewise 'killed himself and was 5eheaded;the others surrendered.In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive re,me of General Tojo that was to stage tho attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.That earlier revolt is the one referred to in “Patriotism,” one of Mishima's most powerful stories.Here life and fiction become joined.The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfdlment, “the ultimate dream of my life.” Bom of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a hero's death in accordance with the ancient samurai code;but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building(he became expert at karate and kendo)and, most important, through the discipline writing.In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays, many essays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage.His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask(1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame.Mishima has been called “Japan's Hemingway,” while others have compared him to “aesthetic” writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.56.The article implies that A.Mishima refused to join the army when he was young B.Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writer C.Mishima is a person who'is hard m define D.Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer 57.The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was A.Fo capture the commanding genera!

B.to urge the government to declare a war against America C.to incite the soldiers to rebel against the Constitutional govemment

D.to force the Emperor to give up the throne 58.In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima____ A.was web received by the soldiers B, was laughed at by the soldiers C.impressed the commanding general D, left a deep impression tO the soldiers 59.What IS true according to article? A.The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero's death.B.The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima's suicide attemnpt C.Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima's speech.D.one of Mishima's aides was killed by the soldiers.60.Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ___ A, written “Patriotism”, one of his most powerful stories B.written eighty short stories C.published “A Forest in Flower” D.published “Confession of a Mask” 主观题部分

请用钢笔或圆珠笔将此部分试题的答案做在答题纸二上，否则无效！V.Translation(20 points)Fart A.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss.The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the economy.Buying a commodity or stock in the belief that prices will rise speeds market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers.If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden.Remedial supply action could not be further delayed.Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the SurpluS actually occurs.When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helphng to conserve the present supply.As the price goes up,less of the commodity is purchased;a rise in price encourages users to ecor, om2ze.Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.Part B.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following into EngIish on your ANSWER SHEET.中国已经发层成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国 和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中 获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活 动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一 定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国 和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。VI.Writing(20 points)Directions Write an essay in no less than 250 words with file title “My Understanding of GlobaIization”.Your essay should be written on the Answer Sheet.

第三篇：2008年10月中科院考博英语真题单词

2008年10中科院考博英语真题单词

2008年10中科院考博英语真题单词

1.give a big hand 热烈鼓掌欢迎

2.curious ['kjʊərɪəs]

adj.好奇的，有求知欲的；古怪的；爱挑剔的3.curiosity [kjʊərɪ'ɒsɪtɪ]

n.好奇，好奇心；珍品，古董，古玩

4.curiousness ['kjuəriəsnis]

n.好学；好奇；不寻常

5.alleviate [ə'liːvɪeɪt]

vt.减轻，缓和

6.alleviative [ə'liːvɪeɪtɪv]

n.缓和剂；使减轻之物

adj.减轻的；缓解的7.alleviation [ə,liːvɪ'eɪʃən]

n.缓和；镇痛物

8.unaccounted [,ʌnə'kauntid]

adj.未说明解释的；未包括在某数目中的；行踪不明的9.unaccounted for 下落不明的；未予解释的10.escalate ['eskəleɪt]

vt.使逐步上升

vi.逐步增强；逐步升高

11.exalt [ɪg'zɔːlt;eg-]

vt.提升；提拔；赞扬；使得意

vi.使人得意

12.exalted [ɪg'zɔːltɪd]

adj.高尚的；尊贵的；兴奋的

v.高举；赞扬；使激动（exalt的过去分词）

13.exaltation [egzɔːl'teɪʃ(ə)n;eks-]

n.得意洋洋，欣喜；提拔；举起

14.stumble ['stʌmb(ə)l]

n.绊倒；蹒跚而行

vi.踌躇，蹒跚；失足；犯错

vt.使…困惑；使…绊倒

15.stumble upon 偶然发现

16.stumble on 无意中发现；偶然遇到，碰巧找到

17.stumble over 给绊倒；结结巴巴地说

18.stumble across 偶然发现

19.dispel [dɪ'spel]

vt.驱散，驱逐；消除（烦恼等）

20.conducive [kən'djuːsɪv]

adj.有益的；有助于…的21.conducive to 有益于，有益于

22.conduciveness 促成；诱因

23.conduce [kən'djuːs] vi.导致；有益，有贡献于

24.cynical ['sɪnɪk(ə)l]

adj.愤世嫉俗的；冷嘲的

2008年10中科院考博英语真题单词

25.speculate ['spekjʊleɪt]

vi.推测；投机；思索

vt.推断

26.speculative ['spekjʊlətɪv]

adj.投机的；推测的；思索性的27.speculation [,spekjʊ'leɪʃn]

n.投机；推测；思索；投机买卖

28.speculator ['spekjuleitə]

n.投机者；思索者

29.speculativeness n.思辩

30.symptom ['sɪm(p)təm]

n.[临床] 症状；征兆

31.early symptom 早期症状

32.symptomatic [sɪm(p)tə'mætɪk]

adj.有症状的；症候的33.symptomless ['simptəmlis]

adj.无症状的

34.originative [ə'ridʒəneitiv,-nə-]

adj.有创作力的；有发明之才能的35.originality [ə,rɪdʒɪ'nælɪtɪ]

n.创意；独创性，创造力；原始；新奇

36.originate [ə'rɪdʒɪneɪt;ɒ-]

vt.引起；创作 vi.发源；发生；起航

37.originate from 发源于

38.indignation [ɪndɪg'neɪʃ(ə)n]

n.愤慨；愤怒；义愤

39.indignant [ɪn'dɪgnənt]

adj.愤愤不平的；义愤的40.Strongly Indignant 强烈愤慨

41.disarm [dɪs'ɑːm]

vt.解除武装；裁军；缓和

vi.放下武器；裁减军备

42.disarming [dɪs'ɑːmɪŋ]

adj.使解除警戒心的；使人消气的

v.解除武装；使息怒（disarm的现在分词）

43.disarmament [dɪs'ɑːməm(ə)nt] n.裁军

44.dispatch [dɪ'spætʃ]

n.派遣；急件 vt.派遣；分派

45.dispatcher [dɪs'pætʃə]

n.调度员；[计] 调度程序；[计] 分配器

46.economic dispatch 经济调度；经济分配

47.with dispatch 迅速地 尽快地

49.dispatch from 从发送

48.dispatch center 调度中心；运输中心；勤务中心

50.underneath [ʌndə'niːθ]

prep.在的下面；在的形式下；在的支配下 n.下面；底部

adj.下面的；底层的 adv.在下面；在底下

2008年10中科院考博英语真题单词

51.ridiculous [rɪ'dɪkjʊləs] adj.可笑的；荒谬的52.ridiculously [ri'dikjuləsli] adv.可笑地；荒谬地

53.ridiculousness [ri'dikjuləsnis] n.荒谬，滑稽

54.rattle ['ræt(ə)l]

vt.使发出咯咯声；喋喋不休；使慌乱，使惊慌

vi.喋喋不休地讲话；发出卡嗒卡嗒声

n.喋喋不休的人；吓吱声，格格声

55.rattled ['rætld]

adj.慌乱的；愚蠢的；恼火的v.发出咯咯声（rattle的过去式）

56.rattling ['rætlɪŋ]

adj.很好的；活泼的；卡嗒卡嗒的adv.很；非常；极佳

v.使发出嘎嘎声（rattle的ing形式）

57.router ['raʊtə] n.[计] 路由器；刳刨者

58.intertwine [ɪntə'twaɪn]

vt.缠绕；纠缠

vi.纠缠；编结

59.intertwined [,intə:'waind]

adj.缠绕的；错综复杂的

v.使缠结，缠绕（intertwine的过去式）

60.obligatory [ə'blɪgət(ə)rɪ]

adj.义务的；必须的；义不容辞的61.obligatory right 债权

62.obligatory course 必修课

63.obligate ['ɒblɪgeɪt]

vt.使负义务；强使，强迫；对…施以恩惠

adj.有责任的，有义务的；必需的64.obligated ['ɑblɪɡetɪd]

n.使负义务（obligate的过去式）

adj.有义务的；责无旁贷的65.obligation [ɒblɪ'geɪʃ(ə)n]

n.义务；职责；债务

66.oblige [ə'blaɪdʒ]

vt.迫使；强制；赐，施恩惠；责成vi.帮忙；施恩惠

67.obliged [ə'blaidʒd]

v.要求；约束；施恩惠（oblige的过去分词）

adj.必须的；感激的；有责任的68.obliging [ə'blaɪdʒɪŋ]

v.迫使；约束（oblige的现在分词）

adj.乐于助人的；有礼貌的；体贴的；亲切的69.vendors

n.供应商，销售商（vendor的复数）

70.street vendor 小贩；大排档

71.news vendor 卖报人

2008年10中科院考博英语真题单词

72.herd [hɜːd]

n.兽群，畜群；放牧人

vi.成群，聚在一起

vt.放牧；使成群

73.herder ['hə:də] n.牧人；（美俚）监狱看守

74.a herd of 一群（牛、鹿等）

75.Herd Behavior 羊群行为；羊群效应；从众行为；群体恐慌行为

76.herd instinct [动] 群居本能，群体心理

77.luster ['lʌstə]

vi.有光泽；发亮

n.[光] 光泽；光彩

vt.使有光泽

78.pearly luster 珍珠光泽

79.bright luster 镜面光泽

80.lustrous ['lʌstrəs]

adj.有光泽的；光辉的81.lusterless ['lʌstəlɪs]

adj.没有光泽的82.lustreless ['lʌstəlis]

adj.无光泽的；平淡乏味的83.altruism ['æltrʊɪz(ə)m]

n.利他；利他主义

84.prosper ['prɒspə]

vi.繁荣，昌盛；成功

vt.使……成功；使……昌盛；使……繁荣

85.prosperous ['prɒsp(ə)rəs] adj.繁荣的；兴旺的86.prosperity [prɒ'sperɪtɪ] n.繁荣，成功

87.comic ['kɒmɪk]

adj.喜剧的；滑稽的；有趣的

n.连环漫画；喜剧演员；滑稽人物

88.comical ['kɒmɪk(ə)l] adj.滑稽的，好笑的89.comicality [,kɔmi'kæliti] n.诙谐；滑稽

90.comic book 连环漫画册

91.comic opera 喜歌剧

92.gratify ['grætɪfaɪ]

vt.使满足；使满意，使高兴

93.gratified

adj.称心的v.使满足；使高兴（gratify的过去式及过去分词形式）

94.gratifying ['ɡrætɪfaɪɪŋ]

adj.悦人的；令人满足的

v.使满意（gratify的现在分词）；使高兴

95.gratification [ɡrætɪfɪ'keɪʃn]

n.满意；喜悦；使人满意之事

96.kin [kɪn]

n.亲戚；家族；同族

adj.同类的；有亲属关系的；性质类似的

2008年10中科院考博英语真题单词

97.kinship ['kɪnʃɪp]

n.[法] 亲属关系，家属关系；亲密关系

98.kith and kin 朋友和亲属

99.next of kin 最近的血亲，最亲的亲戚

100.kith [kɪθ]

n.朋友；邻居

101.elaborate [ɪ'læb(ə)rət]

adj.精心制作的；详尽的；煞费苦心的vi.详细描述；变复杂

vt.精心制作；详细阐述；从简单成分合成（复杂有机物）

102.elaborate on 详细说明

103.elaboration [i,læbə'reiʃən]

n.苦心经营，精巧；详细阐述

104.elaborateness [i'læbəreitə]

n.尽心竭力

105.symbolic [sɪm'bɒlɪk]

adj.象征的；符号的；使用符号的106.symbolically [sim'bɔlikəli]

adv.象征性地；象征意义地

107.symbolic expression 符号表达式；符号式

108.symbolic language [计] 符号语言；象征性的语言

109.wrench [ren(t)ʃ]

n.扳手，扳钳；扭伤；痛苦；歪曲；猛扭

vt.扭伤；猛扭；曲解；折磨

vi.扭伤；猛扭；猛绞

110.wrenching ['rentʃiŋ]

n.苗木铲根；修截苗根

v.猛扭；歪曲；抢取（wrench的ing形式）

111.pipe wrench 管扳钳；管子钳

112.kick in 踢开；支付；开始生效；腿打水游进；死亡

113.spoil [spɒɪl]

n.次品；奖品

vt.溺爱；糟蹋；掠夺

vi.掠夺；变坏；腐败

114.spoilage ['spɒɪlɪdʒ]

n.损坏，糟蹋；掠夺；损坏物

115.spoilt [spɒɪlt]

adj.宠坏的；损坏的v.宠坏；毁坏（spoil的过去式及过去分词）

116.aquifer ['ækwɪfə]

n.（美）蓄水层；含水土层

117.aquiferous [æ'kwifərəs] adj.含水的；[地质] 蓄水的118.in denial 否认；拒绝接受现实；拒绝承认出了问题

119.irrigate ['ɪrɪgeɪt]

vt.灌溉；冲洗；使清新

vi.灌溉；冲洗

2008年10中科院考博英语真题单词

120.irrigation [,ɪrə'geʃən]

n.灌溉；[临床] 冲洗；冲洗法

121.rehabilitate [riːhə'bɪlɪteɪt]

vt.使康复；使恢复名誉；使恢复原状

vi.复兴；复权；恢复正常生活

122.rehabilitative [ri:hə'bilitətiv]

adj.复职的，复原的

123.rehabilitation ['ri:hə,bili'teiʃən]

n.复原

124.habilitate [hə'bɪlɪteɪt]

vt.提供周转资金；给…穿着

vi.取得任职资格

125.replenish [rɪ'plenɪʃ]

vt.补充，再装满；把…装满；给…添加燃料

126.replenishment [rɪ'plɛnɪʃmənt]

n.补充，补给

127.sprinkle ['sprɪŋk(ə)l]

n.撒，洒；少量

vt.洒；微雨；散置

vi.洒，撒；下稀疏小雨；喷撒

128.sprinkler ['sprɪŋklɚ]

n.洒水车；洒水器

129.sprinkling ['sprɪŋklɪŋ]

n.少量；点滴；喷雾

v.洒；点缀（sprinkle的现在分词）

130.silver bullet 银子弹；良方，高招

131.eavesdrop ['iːvzdrɒp]

n.屋檐上流下来的水

vi.偷听，窃听

132.eavesdropper ['i:vz,drɔpə] n.偷听者

133.overhear [əʊvə'hɪə]

vt.无意中听到；偷听

vi.无意中听到；偷听到

134.guideline ['gaɪdlaɪn] n.指导方针

135.omit [ə(ʊ)'mɪt]

vt.省略；遗漏；删除；疏忽

136.disparage [dɪ'spærɪdʒ]

vt.蔑视；毁谤

137.disparaging [dɪs'pærɪdʒɪŋ]

v.蔑视（disparage的ing形式）

adj.毁谤的；轻蔑的

138.disparagement [dɪs'pærɪdʒmənt] n.轻蔑；轻视

139.disparager [dis'pæridʒə] n.毁谤者

140.grievance ['griːv(ə)ns]

n.不满，不平；委屈；冤情

141.grievance procedure

冤屈投诉程序；苦情处理制度；抱怨程序；申诉程序

2008年10中科院考博英语真题单词

142.wrap [ræp]

n.外套；围巾

vt.包；缠绕；隐藏；掩护

vi.包起来；缠绕；穿外衣

143.wrapped [ræpt]

v.包裹；覆盖（wrap的过去分词）adj.有包装的144.wrapping ['ræpɪŋ]

n.包装纸，包装材料

v.裹住（wrap的ing形式）

adj.包装用的145.wrapper ['ræpə]

n.包装材料；[包装] 包装纸；书皮

146.wrap up 伪装；使全神贯注；穿暖和的衣服

147.under wraps 不公开的；秘密的148.craft [krɑːft]

n.工艺；手艺；太空船

vt.精巧地制作

149.crafty ['krɑːftɪ]

adj.狡猾的；灵巧的150.craftiness ['kra:ftinis]

n.狡猾；熟练；巧妙

151.crafted

adj.精心制作的

v.精巧地制作（craft的过去分词）

152.smart [smɑːt]

adj.聪明的；巧妙的；敏捷的；厉害的；潇洒的；剧烈的；时髦的153.smarting ['smɑ:tiŋ]

n.剧烈疼痛；刺痛

vi.感到刺痛；感到难受（smart的现在分词）

adj.剧烈疼痛的154.smartly ['sma:tli]

adv.刺痛地；漂亮地；潇洒地；火辣辣地

155.smartness ['sma:tnis]

n.机灵；敏捷；现代风格

156.smart phone 智能电话

157.smart card [计] 智能卡

158.smart money 抚恤金；罚款；因掌握内情而下的赌注；（英）伤兵抚恤

159.incubate ['ɪŋkjʊbeɪt]

n.孵育物

vt.孵化；培养；温育；逐渐发展 vi.孵化；酝酿

160.incubation [ɪŋkjʊ'beɪʃ(ə)n]

n.孵化；[病毒][医] 潜伏；抱蛋

161.incubator ['ɪŋkjʊbeɪtə]

n.[禽] 孵卵器；[儿科] 保温箱；早产儿保育器；细菌培养器

162.cookie ['kʊkɪ] n.饼干；小甜点

163.cooky ['kʊkɪ] n.饼干（等于cookie）

2008年10中科院考博英语真题单词

164.touch coookie 坚强，有主意，不易受别人影响的人

165.gobble ['gɒb(ə)l]

n.火鸡叫声

vt.狼吞虎咽

vi.贪食；咯咯叫

166.gobble up 狼吞虎咽；贪婪地抓住

167.gobbler [gɒblə]

n.雄火鸡；狼吞虎咽的人

168.fitness ['fɪtnəs]

n.健康；适当；适合性

169.physical fitness 身体健康；体力；身体适宜性

170.fitness equipment 健身器材

171.fitness center 健身中心；健身房

172.tout [taʊt]

n.侦查者；兜售者

vt.兜售；招徕；刺探赛马情报

vi.兜售；招徕顾客；拉选票

173.impersonal [ɪm'pɜːs(ə)n(ə)l]

n.非人称动词；不具人格的事物

adj.客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的；非人称的174.impersonate [ɪm'pɜːs(ə)neɪt]

vt.扮演；模仿；拟人，人格化

175.impersonation [im,pə:sə'neiʃən]

n.扮演；模仿；装扮

176.impersonator [im'pə:səneitə(r)]

n.演员；模拟艺人

第四篇：中科院考博英语

考博英语范文总结十篇

一、Television Program and Their Effect on children

Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children.Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child.Most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child.The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse that educate the young.There are often specials on animal life.A few regular children’s programs develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphablt, and that encourages him or her to be creative.The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category.On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children.Many commercials, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy.All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possib ly harden the child to violence.Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs.A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly benefical programs.二、―The younger generaton knows best‖

Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were.The same comments is made from generation to generation and it is always true.It has never been truer than ti is today.The young are better educated.They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom.They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents.They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders.Events, which the older generation remembers vividly, are nothing more than past history.This is as it should be.Every new generation is different from the one preceded it.Today the difference is very marked indeed.The old always assume thaty they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer.They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened.And this precisely what the young are doing.They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency.They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds.What they reject more than anything is conformity.Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery.Wouldn’t people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solven their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat —race? Haven’t the old lost touch with all that is important in life?

There are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly.Their record over the past forty years or so hasn’t been exactly spotless.Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guilance.Today, the situation might reversed.The old—if they are prepared to admit it — could learn a thing or two from their children.One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not ―sinful‖.Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life.It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure to shed restricting inhibitions.It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future.This emphasis on the present is only to be expressed because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation.This is their glorious heritage.Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it ?

三、How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities

With the development of modern industryu, more and more people are flowing into big cities.Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious.People have offered many solutions to this problem.I think building satellite cities in the suburbs is more practical.The fresh air and beautiful secnery in the suburbs will be appealing to the city citizens, who suffer from air pollution, noises, etc.in the overcrowded city.With more people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining.The housinmg problem in big cities will thus be solved.四、Public Transportation

As part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China.I can illustrate some examples.There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and railways.Commuters find it hard to get to work on time due to overcrowded buses or tubes.Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and more people.When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater –ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home.And travelers need special arrangements to go home.In a word, public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy.To solve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines.But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public.There are three sources for fund raising.One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles.Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale.The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds.If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds.If all this money collected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will be bettered and favorable.The third step to take is to introduce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles.For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as many people can be held.In this way, the pressure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated.So in a word, we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and huses.五、Human Education

The other day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture ―Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text‖.In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement.His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education.With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth.In a period when economics take priority, people pay more aned more attention to profit.At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion.On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in today’s society.It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation.Our times call for an ideal humane education.It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole.Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation.Our attitude towards tradition should be ―discarding the dross and selecting the essence‖.The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist education.It should start from primary school.In this way, our children will get educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality.The national morale will be deeply rooted in people’s mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy.To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education.We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.六、Criticism on Television

A lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on chldren.A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema.But although child psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about teenager’s crimes.For people in the modern worlds share the views of parents a hundred years ago.In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence.The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the action in itself frightens children.The context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important.A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents.In each story, they encounter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reassuring and sensible, as a child’s paprents should be in real life.There is an adult character who is a coward and liar, but both the children are brave and , of course, every story ends happily.In my view, children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon as possible, but they cannont help seeing these through news programs.When they are being entertained, the healthiest atmosphere is one which the hero and heroine are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently in any situation.七、he ony thing people are interesed in today is earing more money

Once upon a time there lived a beautiful young woman and a handsome young man.They were very poor, but as they were deeply in love, they wanted to get married.The young people’s parents shook their heads.―You can’t get married yet.‖ They said.Wait till you get a good job with good prospects.So the young people waited until they found good jobs with good prospects and they were able to get married.They were still poor, of course, they didn’t have a house to live in or any furniture, but that did’t matter.They young man had a good job with good prospects, so large organizations lent him the money he needed to buy a house, some furniture, all the latest electrical appliances and a car.The couple lived happily ever after paying off debts for the rest of their lves.And so ends another modern romantic fable.We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earlist years to be acquistive.Our possessions, yours and mine are clearly labeled from early childhood.When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surpise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn.We spend the whole of ourlives keeping up with our neighbors, the Joneses.If we buy a new television set , Jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one.If we buy a new car, we can be sure that Jones will go one better and get two new cars: one for his wife and one for himself.The most amusing thing about this game is that Joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a suitable rate of interest, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc.It is not only affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money.Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets.Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever.The wheels of industry must be kept turning.Built-in obsolescence provides the means;goods are made to be discarded.Cars get tinnier and tinnier.You no sooner acquire this year’s model than you are thinking about its replacement.This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education.Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake.Every course of studies must lead somewhere.i.e.to a bigger wage packet.The demand for skilled personnel for exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies.Tempting salaries and ―fringe benefits‖ are offered to them.Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the brain drain, the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder.The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens.While Mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richers and the poor, poorer.八、Communication and Language

One of the first things we think about when we hear the word communication language.There are thousands of languages spoken around the world today.In fact, linguistis say that there may be as many as 10000.Speaking with others is an important means of communication, but we can also communicate without using words, that is by nonverbal communication.Nonverbal communication includes voice quality, eyes movement, facial expression and body movements such as gestures and change in body position.But many people do not realize that everyone uses nonverbal communication.Sometimes, we ―say‖ more with our face and gestures that we do with our voices.Books, magazines, newspapers, radio, television, are other means of communication.Today we can also communicate over long distance with the help of communications satellites.Some scientists say that soon machines will be developed for sending message through the earth.The technology necessary to build these machines is very complex.But the language we speak every day is much more complex than the most modern communication technology.九、Cooperation Goes with Competition

In our times, cooperation and competition spread over the world.Both of them speed up the wheel of economy and enrich the intelligence of mankind.It is possible to accomplish a complicated program by only one person now.As we know, the more cooperation a company depends on, the more efficient it will become in business.Furthermore, we can’t avoid competition in our exchanges.From time to time, we compare ourselves with others, expecting to catch up with others.This is the spirit of competition, by which we pursue the highest goal.It is only by competition in the market that a company can raise its reputation.Were it not for competition, say, all of us would not enjoy what we have achieved.十、he Rise of Intellectual Property Protection

Intellectural property scarcely existed in the vocabularies of academic researchers and administrators even 15 years ago.Now it is an ever-present part of discussions on research policies and directions.This new importance of intellectual property in academia reflects a changing view on ther relationships of research at universities to the surrounding society.Until recently, research at universities has been relatively isolated from demands of economic utility,and education of graduate students has emphasized a career in academic research as the final goal.Now almost all research universities in the United States have technology licensing operations.The number of U.S.patents granted to American universities in a year rose from about 300 in 1980 to almost 2000 in 1995.The direct economic impact of technology licensing on the universities themselves has been relatively small.In contrast, the impact of university technology transfer on the local and national economies has been substantial, and leads to the concusion that the Licensing Act()is one of the most successful pieces of economic development in recent history.It has been estimated that more than 200000 jobs have been created in the United States in product development and manufacturing of products from university licenses, with the number increasing fairly rapidly as the licenses mature.Intellectual property terms have become vitally important.The company wants to be assured that it can use the results of the research-and that these results will not be available to their competitors.But most universities insist that transfer of research results is key to their identity and mission and will not agree to keep the project results secret.The key to resolving this dilemman is to grant patents: the university will publish the results, but will first agree to file patents that will protect the company’s privilege in the commercial market place.

第五篇：暨南大学2017年博士新闻学真题(考场带出)

暨南大学2017年博士新闻学真题（考场抄出版）

2011新闻传播理论与历史（B卷）

（第一天——周六下午考）

学科专业名：新闻传播学 研究方向：各方向

一、论述中国共产党新闻舆论引导思想的发展历程和现实意义（40分）。

二、论述新闻传播规律的科学性和尊重新闻传播规律的必要性。（30分）（以下两题选作一题。两题都做只计一题分数。）

三、（此题太长没时间抄，抄了要点下来回忆。刘飞同学帮助回忆此题关键部分，这样的好同学应该金榜题名才对！）

有人说，现代传播社会的技术去中心化，人人成为了传播节点。在技术影响下，人们定位、抽取、吸收信息通过技术变的便捷，但有学者指出，这种方式会形成“回音壁”或“过滤泡”，影响信息传播造成过多的“阻碍异质交流”。试对此观点进行分析。（30分）

四、请结合相关案例，论述互联网环境下传媒经济的运行规律。（30分）

3023新闻传播业务（B卷）

（第二天上午考）

学科专业名：新闻传播学 研究方向：各方向

一、在第十七个记者节到来之际，习近平会见中华全国新闻工作者协会第九届理事会全体代表和中国新闻奖、长江韬奋奖获奖代表，并发表重要讲话。他对广大新闻记者提出四点希望：一是要坚持正确的政治方向，二是坚持正确舆论导向，三是要坚持正确新闻志向，四是要坚持正确的工作去向。结合新闻实践论述新闻记者如何在工作中体现以上4个方面的要求。（40分）

二、论述新闻传播实务向公共传播实务转型的社会背景和现实价值（注：此处无句号）（30分）

（黑体）以下三四两题任选一题，且只选一题做答卷（如两题都答，则只计一题分数）

三、结合近三十年来媒介文本的发展，论述主要媒介文本形态的演变语境及社会逻辑。（30分）

四、从程序化交易到场景营销，应用技术的创新始终是决定数字营销实践发展的核心驱动力。请结合近年来相关应用技术的创新发展，论述技术创新在数字营销传播发展中的重要性。（30分）

（说明：答题请注明题号）

共1页

（3023卷完全从考场抄出，基本上文字标点都是原文。原文没标点的，本稿保留原样。）英语，没什么要说的了，暨南英语题目很友善，可以说四六级之间的水平。

阅读30道题，60分，英译汉20分，写作20分。题目都不算难，5道阅读题前4道每道题5问，六级的样子，题目不绕。最后一道阅读约1000词，是原文，很长，但题目就像六级阅读新题型，对照文中选择，并不算难。英译汉说的是德国人交友习惯，写作题目明显给模板留着呢，让写成功的一个元素。

还有，卷面标明题目是2013年B卷（2013的“3”字处手工改成7），这个真不知道是不是暨南最近招考的预算紧张了。