川大考博呼吸真题

第一篇：川大考博呼吸真题

四川大学华西2018考博呼吸内科及大内科真题

呼吸内科专科题：

1.举例说明三种支气管扩张剂，简述期其应用，2.有关哮喘和COPD的一道病例分析题，（20分）

3.ARDS的定义和最新诊断标准，4.CAP的诊断标准，5.机械通气撤机困难应考虑哪些原因，6.COPD的定义，分级，分期，7.活动性肺结核的治疗原则和初治和复治的要点，大内科公共题，选2个，20分

呼吸：呼吸支持技术？简述其要点

心内：冠心病二级预防

消化：溃疡性结肠炎和crohn肠病鉴别

肾内：2选1 AKI诊断及分期

慢性肾功能不全透析指针

内分泌：酮症酸中毒基本处理原则

血液：出血性疾病诊断试验及意义

免疫：系统性硬化的临床分型，实验室特点，治疗原则

感染：临床常用抗生素种类及使用基本原则

第二篇：吉大考博马哲真题

2008年马克思主义哲学原理、原著研究

一、列宁《哲学笔记》中说：“问题不在于有没有运动，而在于如何在概念的逻辑中去表达它。”如何理解

这个论断

二、如何理解人对世界的否定性统一关系

三、如何理解人的历史活动与历史规律的关系

四、谈谈改革开放以来马克思主义哲学研究获取的重要成果

西方哲学

一、如何理解芝诺“阿基里斯永远追不上乌龟”

二、评述休谟怀疑主义及其对后世影响

三、黑格尔对康德先验逻辑的的批判

四、后现代主义哲学对西方传统哲学的批判

2009年马克思主义哲学原理、原著研究

一、思维和存在的关系问题

二、马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》对黑格尔哲学的整体评价

三、逻辑学认识论辩证法三统一

四、以某一个哲学理论为例，谈近三十的哲学发展（当前焦点）

西方哲学

一、柏拉图的理念论

二、康德实践哲学

三、黑格尔逻辑学认识论辩证法三者统一

四、后现代主义哲学思潮特征及其对马克思主义哲学的影响

2010年马克思主义哲学原理、原著研究

一、辩证法与形而上学的比较

二、如何理解《费尔巴哈提纲》中的实践观

三、如何理解真理具有客观性

四、论述近年来马克思主义哲学在中国的发展

西方哲学

一、亚里士多德的形而上学

二、近代哲学的主体性，并结合后现代主义的“主体性已经死亡”进行论述

三、康德的“二律背反”

四、语言学转向

2011年马克思主义哲学

一、论述关于《费尔巴哈提纲》的内容，并评述。

二、科学与哲学的关系

三、真理论与价值论的关系

谈谈近三十年国内关于历史唯物主义的主要观点，并谈谈你自己的理解。

西方哲学

一、亚里士多德的“实体”学说

二、论述从洛克、贝克莱、休谟经验论发展的内在逻辑

三、黑格尔的“实体即主体”学说

四、逻辑经验主义如何拒斥形而上学

第三篇：2016年浙大考博英语真题部分试题

2016年浙江大学博士生英语

听力 PART A Welcome to Everglades National Park.The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife.At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling.Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough.This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades.You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators.Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance.The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie.From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life.For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here.However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass.We'd hate to have to come looking for you.You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit.During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive!Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.Welcome to Everglades National Park.The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife.At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling.Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough.This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades.You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators.Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance.The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie.From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life.For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here.However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass.We'd hate to have to come looking for you.You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit.During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive!Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.-----文章来源 托福听力

听力是 托福内容，完型填空 是大学英语教程第四册里面的内容~~~

完型阅读

Gold Mankind's fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself.The ancient Egypitains esteemed23 gold ,which had religious significance to them ,and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago.The wandering Israelites worshiped a golden calf ,and the legendary26 King Midas asked that everything he touched be turned into gold.Not only is gold beautiful ,but it's virtually indestructible.It will not rust or corrode;gold coins and products fabricated from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries.Gold is extremely easy to work with;one ounce ,which is about the size of a cube of sugar can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size ,and becomes so thin that light pass through it.An ounce of gold can also be strethced into a wire 50 miles long.Gold conducts electricity better than any other substance except copper and silver ,and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.People have always longed to possess gold.Unfortunately ,this longing30 has also brought out the worst in the human character.The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces ,temples ,and graves and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold.Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope.Even today ,the economic running of South Africa's gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about &40 a month ,plus room and board ,and who must work in conditions that only be described as cruel.About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year ,or one for every two tons of gold produced.Historically ,the desire to hoard gold at home has bee primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes ,who have no faith in paper money.George Bernard Shaw defended their instinct eloquently :“You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stabilityof the honesty and intelligence fo the members of the government ,”he said ,“and with due respect to these gentlemen ,I advise you---to vote for gold.”

PS：听力第一题 五个答案为：1.a good sampling 2.exotic birds 3.a safe distance 4.running a canoe 5.a close view

2016年浙大英语考博完形填空原文，各位考生可以回忆下 你选对了几个~~~~~Gold

Mankind's fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself.The ancient Egypitains esteemed23 gold ,which had religious significance to them ,and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago.The wandering Israelites worshiped a golden calf ,and the legendary26 King Midas asked that everything he touched be turned into gold.Not only is gold beautiful ,but it's virtually indestructible.It will not rust or corrode;gold coins and products fabricated from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries.Gold is extremely easy to work with;one ounce ,which is about the size of a cube of sugar can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size ,and becomes so thin that light pass through it.An ounce of gold can also be strethced into a wire 50 miles long.Gold conducts electricity better than any other substance except copper and silver ,and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.People have always longed to possess gold.Unfortunately ,this longing30 has also brought out the worst in the human character.The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces ,temples ,and graves and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold.Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope.Even today ,the economic running of South Africa's gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about &40 a month ,plus room and board ,and who must work in conditions that only be described as cruel.About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year ,or one for every two tons of gold produced.Historically ,the desire to hoard gold at home has bee primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes ,who have no faith in paper money.George Bernard Shaw defended their instinct eloquently :“You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stabilityof the honesty and intelligence fo the members of the government ,”he said ,“and with due respect to these gentlemen ,I advise you---to vote for gold.”

翻译原文

Researchers found that sport shoppers don't just bargain hunt for the best deals, but also for the thrill of it.研究人员发现，“运动型消费者”不仅在寻找最优价，他们还很享受买促销品带给他们的兴奋感。

Professors from San Francisco State University revealed this new breed of shoppers and presented evidence that they have similar behaviors of competitive athletes in that they view bargain shopping as an achievement domain.Achievement goal theory, which describes the motivational behavior of sports athletes in achieving their athletic goals, was used in the study to better understand the motivation of sport shoppers.The study looked at American undergraduate students, who filled out open-ended surveys, participated in interviews and took part in closet inventories.The researchers then analyzed the information using three categories: task, ego and social approval.'This is somebody who takes great pride in their ability to get the thing they want at a discount,' said Kathleen O'Donnel, associate dean of the School of Business.'It's not about spending the least, it's about saving the most.' O'Donnell is the lead author on an article published online Nov.14 in the Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, with Judi Strebel, chair of the marketing department, and their Australian colleague Gary Mortimer of Queensland University as co-authors.The article, titled, 'The thrill of victory: Women and sport shopping,' will be published in print early in 2016.

第四篇：北师大考博英语翻译题解析

睿普教育—专注考博英语

www.xiexiebang.com

去年我一个学员报考了北京师范大学，考试结束后他兴高采烈的对我说，考的很好，感觉题特别简单，最少也能考75分以上，结果成绩下来后，他只考了60多分，我们一起核对答案后，才知道原来他的翻译答的不好，其中一篇15分的汉译英题，她基本都是用简单句翻译的。总所周知，北师大是全国高等的师范学府，这也就是说北师大的考博题型多少是有点偏文的，其考博英语试卷中仅仅翻译和写作就占55分，也就是说如果你的翻译和写作环节很薄弱，你就不可能通过考试。下面我们一起来看看北师大05年的汉译英题。

在学问上打下坚实的基础将使你终生受益。在学习的初级阶段，学校所有科目中最重要的是语言和数学。语言是阅读和交流的工具，中文不好，你就不能很好地表达自己； 没有很好的掌握一门外语，你就会发现很难吸收外国的新知识。数学能训练人的逻辑思维。其他学科也各有用处，很难说哪一门更重要。比如，体育和音乐教育对于促进人的智力发展 同样是重要的。(北师大2005年)（15分）

想做好这道题我们要具备的是积累一定量单词和词组，不过相信这段中文所涉及到英文单词大家都会拼写，但是很多考生达不了高分的主要原因就是因为只顾着背单词而忽略了在学习英语过程中对词组的积累。如第一句“在学问上打下坚实的基础将是你终生受益”，其中在……方面打下坚实的基础应该用词组：lay a solid foundation in……，而为……奠定牢固的基础lay a solid foundation for……。睿普教育—专注考博英语

www.xiexiebang.com

此外，使……受益，应该表达为：grant……benefit.在……的初级阶段：on the preliminary stage.还有所给文章中有一句“学校所有科目中最重要的是语言和数学”。这里考生很可能看到最重要的就想怎样把“important”这个词添加进去。其实dominate也有在……占首要地位的意思，在译文中用dominate会更地道一些。还有文章中“你就不能很好的表达自己”。很多考生会译成：you can’t express yourself well.其实我们译成：prevent you from expressing yourself更好些，不要见到能救翻译成can见到不能就翻译成can’t.要考虑到上下文语境，选择最适合的词语进行搭配。

如果我们在平时学习中积累到了上述的词组搭配，这篇翻译就会得到很高的分数，下面我们这些词组组合起来，便可译出下面的译文。Laying a solid foundation in learning will grant you lifetime benefit.On the preliminary stage Language and Math dominate the most part of all subjects in school education.Language and reading are important means of reading and communication.Awkward mother tongue may prevent you from expressing yourself and a good command of foreign Language can enable you to absorb newest information from abroad while Math can train our ability of thinking in the logic way.To other subjects, it is hard to tell which is more important because they have respective advantages.For example.Physical and musical education make equal contribution to our mental development.

第五篇：2013人大考博英语

2013英语

20分单选20个 20分完型20个 20分阅读20个

20分翻译英译汉汉译英 20分写作 写作题目

Major study and English learning

不少于200字 必须包括以下内容

1.major study is your future 2.English study is important 3.How to manage the time between them

另外，翻译挺难，英译汉是关于communication technology的，里面有一些专业词汇。汉译英更变态，是一个青州佛像的翻译，比如青州佛像最令人难忘的是它的笑容，他细细的眉眼，两腮若隐若现的笑容，仿佛荡漾着愉悦等等…..