第一篇:各类茶叶品种中英文单词翻译对照(音标)
茶学专业英语词汇
茶叶品种 Tea varieties
Tea 茶
Green tea 绿茶 Black tea 红茶
White tea 白茶
Scented tea花茶
Pu'er tea;Pu Erh tea;Puu Eel tea普洱茶 Yellow tea 黄茶
Dark tea黑茶 Sincha 新茶
Yü-chien tea 雨前茶 Teabag 袋泡茶
Mugi-cha 大麦茶 Herbal tea [ˈɜ:rbl]花草茶
Jasmine tea 茉莉花茶 Chrysanthemum tea [krɪˈsænθəməm,-ˈzæn-]菊花茶
Block Puer tea 普洱(砖)Aged Pu'er tea 陈年普洱
Oolong tea;Oulung tea 乌龙茶 Bohea tea [boʊ'hi:] 武夷茶
Hyson Tea 熙春茶 Kungfu Tea;Gongfu Tea 功夫茶
Twankay Tea [ˈtwæŋkei]屯溪茶 Keemun Tea;Qimen tea 祁门茶
Loungjing Tea; Longjing Tea;Lung Ching tea 龙井茶
Drogon Well 是对“龙井”这一名词的非正规翻译,不建议使用。Tieh-Kuan-Yin;TieGuanYin Tea 铁观音
Cloud mist 云雾茶 Pekoe [ˈpiko]白毫
注:该单词又指印度,斯里兰卡的高级红茶
Cowslip [ˈkaʊˌslɪp] 牛舌
Gunpowder 高末儿 Camellia Oleifera [kə'milɪə]绿油茶
中国名茶 Chinese famous tea
White tipped oolong白毫乌龙
Wuyi rock tea武夷岩茶
Green blade煎茶
Yellow mountain fuzz tip黄山毛峰 Green spiral[ˈspaɪrəl] 碧螺春
Gunpowder 珠茶 Age cake puer青沱
Pile cake puer青饼
Jun mountain silver needle君山银针
White tip silver needle银针白毫 White penoy [ˈpiəni]白牡丹
Long brow jade dew [du:]玉露 Rode tea大红袍
Cassia tea肉桂 Narcissus [nɑrˈsɪsəs]水仙
Finger citron['sɪtrən佛手
Roast oolong熟火乌龙
Osmanthus oolong [ɒz'mænθəs]桂花乌龙 Ginseng oolong人参乌龙茶
Jasmine tea茉莉花茶
Rose bulb玫瑰绣球
Smoke black烟熏红茶
Light oolong清茶
Anji white安吉白茶
Liu’an leaf六安瓜片
Fenghuang unique bush凤凰单从 Tea power茶粉
茶树 Tea tree Evergreen 常绿
Cultivate
栽培
Arbor 乔木
A height of 7 to 8 feet 高7-8英尺
Bark 树型
Tip or apex 顶
Main vein 主脉
Leaf stalk
叶柄
Fat-soluble 脂溶性的 Leaf axils 叶腋
Petals 花瓣
Filaments 花丝
Ovary 子房
Styles
花柱
Fruit
茶果
Seed 茶籽
Tea-growing regions 产茶区
茶园耕作 Tea cultivation Vegetative propagation 营养繁殖
Phosphatic fertilizer 磷肥
Inorganic fertilizer 无机肥
Fine powder tea抹茶
Shrub
灌木
Perennial 多年生
Longtitudinal growth 纵向生长
United below 基部联合Margins 叶缘
Blade 叶片
Lateral vein 侧脉
Water soluble 水溶性的Solitary
单生的 Sepals 萼片
Stamens 雄蕊
Anthers 花药
Cell 子房室
Stigmas 柱头
Capsule 蒴果
Prune 修剪
Taxonomically 分类学上
Transplanted 移栽
Seed cake 菜饼
Plucking table 采摘面
Vegetative phase 营养生长阶段
Tea planters 茶农 Collar pruning 台刈
Cankered branches 病枝 Foliage 叶层
Carbohydrate 碳水化合物 Tender shoots 新梢
Two leaves and a bud 一芽两叶 Chlorophyll 叶绿素
Chlorosis 失绿病 Glossiness
光泽
Pest management 虫害管理 Pesticide 杀虫剂
Parasitic 寄生的 Infused leaf 叶底
Evenness 均匀度 Category 种类
Delicate 幼嫩的 Twisted 条索好
Adhesive 紧实的 Tippy 显豪的Even 匀称
Tribute tea 贡茶
Precipitation 降雨量 Plump 丰满
Fleshy 肥厚
Vegetation 植被
Relative humidity 相对湿度 Green color 色绿
Artistic appearance 形美 The green leaves set up with red border and veins 绿叶红镶边 Silvery tip 银芽
Well twisted 条索好
茶叶生化 Tea biochemistry Chemical composition 化学组成 Inorganic constituents 无机成分 The nitrogen compounds 含氮化合物
Alkaloid 生物碱 Caffeine 咖啡碱
Starch 淀粉 The polyphenols 多酚类
Components 成分 Gallic acid 没食子酸
Catechin 儿茶素 Gallocatechin 没食子儿茶素
Epicatechin 表儿茶素 Epigallocatechin 表没食子儿茶素
Pigments 色素 Anthocyanins 花青素
Flavones 黄酮类 Oxidase 氧化酶
Vitamins 维生素 Riboflavin 核黄素
Fermentation 发酵 Flavanols 黄烷醇
Phenolic acids 酚酸类 The obromine 可可碱
The ophylline 茶碱 Amino acids 氨基酸
The anine 茶氨酸 Polyphenol oxidase 多酚氧化酶
The aflavins 茶黄素 The arubigins 茶红素
Polymerized 多聚化的 Enzyme oxidation 酶促反应
Autoxidation 自动氧化 Cardio vascular 心血管的Decaffeinated 脱咖啡因的 茶叶加工 Tea processing Tea bush:茶树
Tea leaves:茶青
Sun withering 日光萎凋
Setting 静置
Fermentation 发酵
Roll-breaking 解块
Grading 分级
Solar withering 晒青
Instant tea 速溶茶
Fixation 杀青
Stir fixation 炒青
Sunning晒青
Light rolling 轻揉
Cloth rolling 布揉
Pan firing 炒干
Sunning 晒干
Refining 精制
Cutting 剪切
Shaping 整形
Blending 拼配
Re-drying 覆火
Added process 加工
Tea harvesting:采青
Withering:萎凋
Indoor withering 室内萎凋
Tossing 搅拌(浪青)
Oxidation 氧化
Sifting 过筛
Blending 拼配 Stirring 摇青 Extract 提取
Steaming 蒸青
Baking 烘青
Rolling 揉捻
Heavy rolling 重揉
Drying 干燥
Baking 烘干
Piling 渥堆
Screening 筛分
De-stemming 把梗
Winnowing 风选
Compressing 紧压
Aging 陈放
Roasting 焙火
Scenting 熏花
Spicing 调味
Tea beverage 茶饮料
Packing 包装
Vacuum packing 真空包装
Nitrogen packs 充氮包装 Shredded-tea bag 碎形小茶袋
Leave-tea bag 原片小袋茶
茶叶审评 Tea tasting and terms Tea tasting and terms 茶叶审评
Taster 评茶师 Kettle 茶壶
Teabags 袋泡茶
Body 浓
Brisk 鲜爽
Ripe 熟
Delicate fragrance 香郁
饮茶健康 Tea and health Epidemiologic 流行病学的Free radicals 自由基
Cholesterol 胆固醇
Fertility 生育能力
Clinically 临床地
Tumours 肿瘤
Dysentery 痢疾
Fatigue 疲劳
Diuretic 利尿剂
Anti-inflammatory 抗炎症
Normalize 使...恢复正常
Fluoride 氟化物
Analgesic 止痛药
Polysaccharides 多糖
Stroke 中风
Carcinogens 致癌物质
Infuse 冲泡
Infusion 茶汤
Thickness 浓厚
Full 醇厚
Round smooth 圆滑适口
Brisk taste 味甘
Antioxidant 抗氧化的 Diabetes 糖尿病 Neutralise 抵消 Conception 受孕 Triglyceride 甘油三脂 Causative 病原的 Halitosis 口臭 Neuralgia 神经痛 Capillary 毛细血管 Biosynthesis 生物合成Hyperfunction 功能亢奋 Antioxidant 抗氧化剂
Antipyretic 解热剂
Renal 肾脏
Dietary 饮食有关的Interfere 干扰
Intestine 肠
liver 肝
Activation 激活
LDL 低密度脂蛋白 Serum 血清
Blood clots 血块 Platelet 血小板
Aggregation 凝集 Mechanism 机制
Hypertension 高血压 Kidneys 肾脏
Inhibitors 抑制剂 Amylase 淀粉酶
Intestinal 肠道的Hepatitis 肝炎
Interferon 干扰素
茶叶贸易 Tea trading True to its kind 原产地
Auctioneers 拍卖师
Broker 经纪人
Bid 出价
Wholesalers 批发商
Retail packs 零售包装
饮茶方式 Drink tea
Utensil 用具
Teaspoon 茶匙
Teapot 茶壶
Tea strainer 茶漏
Tea plate茶船
Lid saucer 盖置
Tea cup 茶杯
Tea towel tray 茶巾盘
Tea towel 茶巾
Timer 定时器
Heating base 煮水器底座
Insulin 胰岛素 Deodorants 除臭剂 Cirrhosis 肝硬化 Organoliptic 感官的Marketability 销路
Intermediaries 中介
Retailers 零售商
Agents 代理商
Canister 茶叶罐
Kettle 水壶
Tea house 茶馆
Tea set; tea service 茶具
Tea pad茶垫
Tea pitcher 茶盅
Tea serving tray 奉茶盘
Cup saucer 杯托
Tea holder 茶荷
Tea brush 茶拂
Water heater 煮水器
Tea cart 茶车
Seat cushion 座垫
Cup cover 杯套
Packing wrap保壶巾
Tea ware bag茶具袋
Covered bowl 盖碗
Tea spoon 茶匙
Tea ware 茶器
Thermos 热水瓶
Tea canister 茶罐
Tea um 茶瓮
Tea table 茶桌
Side table 侧柜
Tea bowl 茶碗
Spout bowl 有流茶碗 Tea tray; teaboard 茶盘
Tea canister;caddy 茶罐
Tea oil 茶油
Tea seed oil 茶籽油 Purple granulated;purple sand;terra-cotta 紫砂 Purple clay teapot;purple sand teapot 紫砂壶
Tea ceremony 茶艺
Tea-tasting 品茶 Sado;tea-making 茶道
注:“茶道”一词来自日语,所以英语采用了日语的音译“sado”,还有人将茶道译作“tea way”,显然很不正规。
泡茶程序 Making tea procedure Prepare tea ware 备具
From still to ready position 从静态到动态 Prepare water备水
Warm pot温壶 Prepare tea备茶
Recognize tea识茶 Appreciate tea赏茶
Warm pitcher 温盅 Put in tea 置茶
Smell fragrance 闻香 First infusion第一道茶
Set timer计时 Warm cups 烫杯
Pour tea倒茶 Prepare cups 备杯
Divide tea 分类
Serve tea by cups 端杯奉茶
Second infusion冲第二道茶 Serve tea by pitcher 持盅奉茶
Supply snacks or water 供应茶点或品泉 Take out brewed leaves去渣
Appreciate leaves 赏叶底 Rinse pot 涮壶
Return to seat 归位 Rinse pitcher 清盅
Collect cups 收杯 Conclude 结束
茶店,茶庄:翻译这一名词只用“tea”即可,不一定必须使“shop”和“store”。不应使用“room”和“market”这样会产生歧义的词汇。
比如“蝴蝶茗茶”(茶店)的英文可以有如下几种译法:butterfly Tea,HuDie Tea,或“HuDie’s Tea”
又如“羽惠茗茶”(茶店)的英文译法就是:Yu Hui Tea 或Yu Hui’s Tea
对于“蝴蝶”这样的可转译的双音节词汇,也可以用拼音。拼音既可以连在一起写,也可以分开写。而“羽惠”这样的“词”则只能用拼音。
使用所有格(’s)是为了防止将“蝴蝶”,“羽惠”误认为茶叶品种,部分茶店采用带所有格的译法。
分类
Classification According to the degree of fermentation, rolling, baking and tea leaf maturity 根据制造时发酵,揉捻焙火与采摘时原料成熟度来分类 Non-fermented:不发酵茶,即绿茶 Post-fermented:后发酵茶,即普洱茶
Partially fermented:部分发酵茶,半发酵茶,即乌龙茶 Complete fermentation:全发酵茶,即红茶 再把这四大类细分: 绿茶分为:
Steamed green tea 蒸青绿茶
Powered green tea 粉末绿茶 Silver needle green tea 银针绿茶
Lightly rubbed green tea 原形绿茶 Curled green tea 松卷绿茶
Sword shaped green tea 剑片绿茶 Twisted green tea 条形绿茶
Pearled green tea 圆珠绿茶 普洱茶分为
Aged-puer:陈芳普洱
Piled-fermented puer:渥堆普洱 乌龙茶分为
White oolong:白乌龙
Twisted oolong:条形乌龙 Pelleted oolong:球形乌龙
Roasted oolong:熟火乌龙 White tipped oolong:白毫乌龙 红茶分为:
Unshredded black tea:功夫红茶
Shredded black tea:碎形红茶 薰花茶分为:
Scented green tea:熏花绿茶
Scented puer tea:熏花普洱 Scented oolong tea:熏花乌龙
Scented black tea:熏花红茶 Jasmine scented green tea:熏花茉莉
上述各类如果作为食品或香料,就成为调味茶(spliced tea),如果加到绿茶,则成为:spliced green tea 调味绿茶,以此类推。
在翻译茶店,茶庄这样的商业单位的时候,只要不产生歧义就可以大胆的翻译。只要店家(官方)认可,就是正规的译法。
翻译茶叶品种时,如果没有对应的英文单词。只需用“拼音+tea”的形式即可,这也是名字的正规翻译方法。比如“毛尖”就可翻译为“Maojian tea”,“毛峰”则是“Maofeng tea”。“六安瓜片”这类以“产地+品种”命名的茶叶则译作“Luan Guapian tea”。(注:此处的“六”读“陆”音)。
第二篇:中英文对照葡萄品种
中英文对照葡萄品种
中文 英文 种类 原产地 酿造红葡萄酒的主要品种
赤霞珠 Cabernet Sauvignon 法国波尔多 梅鹿辄 Merlot 法国波尔多 蛇龙珠 Cabernet Gernischet 欧亚种 法国
西 拉 Shiraz 欧亚种 法国隆河谷北部地区 黑彼诺
Pinot Noir
法国布尔高涅 宝
石
Cabernet Ruby
欧亚种
美国 烟
Yan73
品丽珠
Cabernet Franc
佳丽酿
Carignane
神
索
Cinsault
佳
美
Gamay
歌海娜
Grenache
味尔多
Petit Verdot
桑吉奥维斯
Sangiovese
仙粉黛
Zinfandel
玫瑰香
Muscat Hamburg
晚红蜜
Canepabn
玛尔贝克
Malbec
内毕罗
Nebbiolo
丹
魄
Tempranillo
卡曼纳
Carmenere
国家杜丽佳
Touriga Nacional
维罗纳的科维纳 Corvian Veronese
考维诺内
Corvinone
科罗帝纳
Croatina
莫琳娜
Molinara
罗蒂内拉
Rondinella
莱富斯科
Refosco
酿造白葡萄酒的主要品种
霞多丽
Chardonnay
雷司令
Riesling
白玉霓
Ugin Blanc
白诗南
Chenin Blanc
长相思
Sauvignon Blanc
龙眼
Long Yan
阿里高特
Aligote
琼瑶浆
Traminer
贵人香
Italian Riesling
米勒
Muller Thurgan
欧亚种
中国
欧亚种
法国
欧亚种
西班牙
法国
欧亚种
法国博若莱产区
西班牙北部的阿拉贡省的里奥哈
法国波尔多西部
意大利
克罗地亚
欧亚种
欧亚种
格鲁吉亚
法国波尔多
意大利皮尔蒙特省
伊比利亚半岛
法国波尔多苏岱产区
葡萄牙
意大利
意大利
意大利
智利
意大利威尼托
意大利
欧亚种
勃根第德国
欧亚种
法国
欧亚种
法国罗亚尔河谷的安茄
法国波尔多产区 欧亚种
中国
法国勃艮第地区 欧亚种
中欧 欧亚种
意大利 欧亚种
瑞士
白麝香
Muscat Canelli
希腊
白皮诺
Pinot
Blanc
法国勃垦地区 赛美蓉
Selillon
法国 西万尼
Silvaner
奥地利
白福尔
Folle Blanche
法国瓦尔河谷地区 鸽笼白
Folle Blanche
欧亚种
法国
白羽
Rkatsiteli
欧亚种
格鲁古亚
第三篇:管理学中英文单词对照[范文]
第一章 管理总论 Manager 管理者
First-line managers 基层管理者 Middle managers 中层管理者 Top managers 高层管理者 Management 管理 Efficiency 效率 Effectiveness 效果 Planning 计划 Organizing 组织 Leading 领导 Controlling 控制
Management process 管理过程 Management roles 管理角色 Interpersonal roles 人际关系角色 Informational roles 信息传递角色 Decisional roles 决策制定角色 Technical skills 技术技能 Human skills 人事技能 Conceptual skills 概念技能 System 系统
Closed systems 封闭系统 Open systems 开放系统 Environment 环境
Special environment 具体环境 General environment 一般环境 Contingency perspective 权变观 Organization 组织 Universality of management 管理的普遍性 Nonmanagerial employees / Operatives 操作者 第二章 管理的历史 Division of labor 劳动分工 Industrial revolution 产业革命 Scientific management 科学管理 Therbligs 基本动作元素
General administrative theorists 一般行政管理理论家 Principles of management 管理原则 Bureaucracy 官僚行政组织、层级组织 Quantitative approach 定量方法 Organizational behavior(OB)组织行为 Hawthorne Studies 霍桑研究 Workforce diversity 员工多样化 Entrepreneurship 企业家
e-business(electronic business)电子商务
e-commerce(electronic commerce)电子贸易、电子商务 Intranet 内部互联网
Total quality management(TQM)全面质量管理 Learning organization 学习型组织 Knowledge management 知识管理 Workplace spirituality 团队精神 第三章 计划 Decision 决策
Decision-making process 决策过程 Problem 问题
Decision criteria 决策标准 Implementation 实施 Rational decision making 理性决策 Bounded rationality 有限理性 Satisficing 满意
Escalation of commitment 承诺升级 Intuitive decision making 直觉决策 Well-structured problems 结构良好问题 Programmed decision 程序化决策 Procedure 程序 Rule 规则 Policy 政策
Poorly structured problems 结构不良问题 Nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策 Certainty 确定性 Risk 风险性
Uncertainty 不确定性 Directive style 指导性风格 Analytic style 分析性风格 Conceptual style 概念性风格 Behavioral style 行为性风格 Planning 计划 Goals 目标 Plans 计划
Strategic plans 战略计划 Operational plans 作业计划 Long-term plans 长期计划 Short-term plans 短期计划 Specific plans 具体性计划 Directional plans 指导性计划 Single-use plan 单一目标计划 Standing plans 标准计划
Traditional goal setting 传统目标设定 Means-ends chain 手段-结果链
Management by objectives(MBO)目标管理 Mission 使命
Commitment concept 承诺概念
Formal planning department 正式计划部门 Strategic management 战略管理
Strategic management process 战略管理过程 Opportunities 机会 Threats 威胁
Core competencies 核心能力 Strengths 优势 Weaknesses 劣势 SWOT analysis SWOT分析
Corporate-level strategy 公司层战略 Stability strategy 稳定战略 Growth strategy 增长战略
Related diversification 相关领域多元化经营 Unrelated diversification 不相关领域多元化经营 Retrenchment strategy 收缩战略 BCG matrix BCG矩阵 波士顿咨询集团矩阵 Business-level strategy 事业层战略 Strategic business units 战略经营单位 Competitive advantage 竞争优势 Cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略 Differentiation strategy 差异化战略 Focus strategy 集中化战略
Functional-level strategy 职能层战略 Environmental Scanning 环境扫描
Competitor intelligence 竞争者情报、竞争者信息 Forecasts 预测
Quantitative forecasting 定量预测 Qualitative forecasting 定性预测 Forecasting Techniques 预测技术 Benchmarking 基准化、标杆 Resources 资源 Budget 预算
Revenue Budgets 收入预算 Expense Budgets 费用预算 Profit Budgets 利润预算 Cash Budgets 现金预算 Scheduling 进度计划、规划 Gantt Charts 甘特图 Load Charts 负荷图
PERT network 计划评审技术网络 Events 事件 Activities 活动 Slack time 松弛时间 Critical path 关键线路
Breakeven analysis 盈亏平衡分析 Linear programming 线性规划 Project 项目
Project Management 项目管理 Scenario 设想方案 第四章 组织 Organizing 组织
Organizational structure 组织结构 Organizational design 组织设计 Work specialization 劳动分工 Departmentalization 部门化
Functional departmentalization 职能部门化 Product departmentalization 产品部门化 Geographical departmentalization 地区部门化 Process departmentalization 过程部门化 Customer departmentalization 顾客部门化 Cross-functional teams 跨职能团队 Chain of command 指挥链 Authority 职权 Responsibility 职责 Unity of command 统一指挥 Span of control 管理幅度 Centralization 集权化 Decentralization 分权化 Formalization 正规化
Mechanistic organization 机械式组织 Organic organization 有机式组织 Unit production 单件生产 Mass production 大量生产 Process production 连续生产 Simple structure 简单结构 Functional structure 职能型结构 Divisional structure 分部型结构 Team-based structure 团队结构 Matrix structure 矩阵结构 Project structure 项目结构
Autonomous internal units 内部自治单位 Boundaryless organization 无边界组织 Learning organization 学习型组织
High-performance work practice 高绩效的工作实践 Human resource management process 人力资源管理过程 Labor union 工会
Human resource planning 人力资源规划 Job analysis 职务分析 Job description 职务说明书 Job specification 职务规范 Recruitment 招聘 Decruitment 解聘
Selection process 甄选过程 Validity 效度 Reliability 信度 Work sampling 工作抽样 Assessment centers 测评中心 Orientation 定向、导向
Performance management system 绩效管理系统 Written essay 书面描述法 Critical incidents 关键事件法 Graphic rating scales 评分表法
Behaviorally anchored rating scales(BARS)行为定位评分法 Multiperson comparisons 多人比较法 Group order ranking 分组排序法 Individual ranking 个体排序法 Paired comparison 配对比较法 360 degree feedback 360度反馈 skill-based pay 按技能付酬 Career 职业生涯、职业 Organizational change 组织变革 Change agents 变革推动者
Organizational development(OD)组织发展 Stress 压力 Creativity 创造 Innovation 创新 第五章 领导 Behavior 行为
Organizational behavior 组织行为学 Attitudes 态度
Cognitive component 认知成分 Affective component 情感成分 Behavioral component 行为成分 Job satisfaction 工作满意度 Job involvement 工作投入
Organizational commitment 组织承诺
Organizational citizenship behavior(OCB)组织公民行为 Cognitive dissonance 认知失调 Attitude surveys 态度调查 Personality 人性
Big-five model 重要的五大模型 Emotional intelligence(EI)情感智商 Locus of control 控制点
Machiavellianism 马基雅维里主义 Self-esteem 自尊 Self-monitoring 自我监控 Perception 知觉
Attribution theory 归因理论
Fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误 Self-serving bias 自我服务偏见 Selectivity 有选择地接受、选择性 Assumed similarity 假设相似性 Stereotyping 刻板印象 Learning 学习
Operant conditioning 操作性条件反射 Social learning theory 社会学习理论 Shaping behavior 行为塑造 Motivation 动机 Need 需要
Hierarchy of needs theory 需要层次理论 Physiological needs 生理需要 Safety needs 安全需要 Social needs 社会需要 Esteem needs 尊重需要
Self-actualization needs 自我实现需要 Theory X X理论 Theory Y Y理论
Motivation-hygiene theory 激励-保健理论 Hygiene factors 保健因素 Motivators 激励因素
Three-needs theory 三种需要理论 Need for achievement(nAch)成就需要 Need for power(nPow)权力需要 Need for affiliation(nAff)归属需要 Goal-setting theory 目标设定理论 Reinforcement theory 强化理论 Reinforcers 强化物 Job design 职务设计 Job scope 职务范围 Job enlargement 职务扩大化 Job enrichment 工作丰富化 Job depth 职务深度
Job characteristic model(JCM)职务特征模型 Skill variety 技能多样性 Task identity 任务同一性 Task significance 任务重要性 Autonomy 自主性 Feedback 反馈
Equity theory 公平理论 Referents 参照对象 Expectancy theory 期望理论 Compressed workweek 压缩工作周 Flexible work hours 弹性工作制 Job sharing 职务分担 Contingent workers 应急工 Telecommuting 电子通信,远程办公
Pay-for performance programs 基于绩效的薪酬管理 Open-book management 公开帐簿管理 Leader 领导者 Leadership 领导
Behavioral theories 行为理论 Autocratic style 权威式 Democratic style 民主式 Laissez-faire style 放任式 Initiating structure 定规维度 Consideration 关怀维度
High-high leader 高-高型领导者 Managerial grid 管理方格论
Fiedler contingency model 菲德勒权变模型
Least-preferred co-worker(LPC)questionnaire 最难共事者问卷 Leader-member relations 领导者-成员关系,上下级关系 Task structure 任务结构 Position power 职位权力
Situational leadership theory(SLT)情景领导理论 Readiness 准备状态 Maturity 成熟度
Leader participation model 领导者参与模型 Path-goal theory 路径-目标理论 Transactional leaders 事务型领导者 Transformational leaders 变革型领导者 Charismatic leader 超凡魅力的领导者 Visionary leadership 愿景领导者 Legitimate power 法定权 Coercive power 强制权 Reward power 奖赏权 Expert power 专长权 Referent power 模范权 Credibility 可信度 Trust 诚信、信任 Empowerment 授权 Communication 沟通
Interpersonal communication 人际沟通 Organizational communication 组织沟通 Message 信息 Encoding 编码 Channel 通道、渠道 Decoding 解码
Communication process 沟通过程 Noise 噪音
Nonverbal communication 非言语沟通 Body language 体态语言 Verbal intonation 语调 Filtering 过滤
Selective perception 选择性知觉 Information overload 信息超载 Jargon 行话
Active listening 积极倾听 Formal communication 正式沟通 Informal communication 非正式沟通 Downward communication 下行沟通、向下交流 Upward communication 上行沟通、向上交流 Lateral communication平行沟通、横向交流 Diagonal communication 斜行沟通、越级交流 Communication networks 沟通网络 Grapevine 小道信息、谣言 E-mail 电子邮件
Instant messaging(IM)即时信息 Voice mail 声音邮件 Fax 传真
Electronic data interchange(EDI)电子数据交换 Teleconferencing 电信会议 Videoconferencing 视频会议 Intranet 内部互联网 Extranet 外部互联网 第六章 控制 Control 控制
Market control 市场控制
Bureaucratic control 官僚组织控制、层级控制 Control process 控制过程
Management by walking around(MBWA)走动式管理 Range of variation 偏差范围
Immediate corrective action 立即纠正行动 Basic corrective action 彻底纠正行动 Feedforward control 前馈控制
Concurrent control 同期控制、现场控制 Feedback control 反馈控制
第四篇:公司章程翻译中英文对照
……公司章程
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
of
……CO., LIMITED
安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司章程
……公司章程
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION OF ……CO., LIMITED 根据《中华人民共和国公司法》(以下简称《公司法》)及其他有关法律、行政法规的规定,特制定本章程。
In accordance with the PRC Company Law(hereinafter referred to as the “Company Law”)and other relevant laws and regulations, these articles of association are hereby formulated.安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司章程
第一章 公司名称和住所
CHAPTER 1 The Name and Domicile of the Company 第一条
公司名称: Article 1
The name of the Company is 第二条 公司住所:
Article 2 The domicile of the Company is
第二章
公司经营范围
CHAPTER 2 Business Scope of the Company 第三条 公司经营范围:
Article 3 The business scope of the Company is(subject to approval in business license and the Administration for Industry and Commerce)--------
第三章
公司注册资本
CHAPTER 3 The Registered Capital of the Company
第四条
公司注册资本:人民币---万元。公司增加、减少及转让注册资本,由股东做出决定。公司减少注册资本,还应当自做出决定之日起十日内通知债权人,并于三十日内在报纸上至少公告一次,减资后的注册资本不得低于法律规定的最低限额。公司变更注册资本应依法向登记机关办理变更登记手续。
Article 4 The registered capital of the Company is------RMB.Resolutions on the increase, reduction or transfer of the Company's registered capital shall be made by the shareholers.The Company may reduce its registered capital according to the regulations set in these Articles of Association.Where such reduction of capital 安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司章程
occurs, the Company shall inform its creditors of the reduction of registered capital within ten(10)days following the date on which the reduction resolution is adopted, and make at least one announcement regarding the reduction in a newspaper within thirty(30)days.After the reduction, the registered capital of the Company shall not be less than the statutory minimum limit.It shall apply to the registration authority for a change in its registered capital.第四章 股东的名称、出资方式、出资额
CHAPTER 4 The Personal(or Corporate)Names of the Shareholders, Actually Paid Capital Contribution Amount, and the Types of Such Contribution
第五条
股东的姓名、出资方式及出资额如下:
Article 5 The personal(or corporate)names of the shareholders, actually paid capital contribution amount, and the types of such contribution are as follows:
股东姓名:
The personal(or corporate)name of the shareholders:
出资方式 :现金
The type of capital contribution: cash.出资额:人民币----万元
Capital contribution amount:------RMB.第六条
公司成立后,应向股东签发出资证明书。
Article 6 When the Company is formed, the investment certification should be issued to each shareholder.第五章 股东的权利和义务
CHAPTER 5 The Rights and Obligations of the Shareholders
股东享有如下权利和义务:
The shareholders of the Company shall enjoy the following rights: 安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司章程
(一)决定公司的经营方针和投资计划;
(1)to decide on the business policies and investment plans of the Company;
(二)任命公司董事、监事和董事长、副董事长,决定有关董事、监事的报酬事项;
(2)to appoint the director and the supervisor, and to decide on matters concerning the remuneration of the director and the supervisor;
(三)审议批准董事会的报告;
(3)to review and approve reports of the board of directors;
(四)审议批准监事会或者监事的报告;
(4)to review and approve reports of the supervisor;
(五)审议批准公司的财务预算方案、决算方案;
(5)to review and approve the Company's proposed annual financial budgets and final accounts;
(六)审议批准公司的利润分配方案和弥补亏损方案;
(6)to review and approve the Company's profit distribution plans and plans for making up losses;
(七)对公司增加或者减少注册资本作出决议;
(7)to pass resolutions on the increase or reduction of the Company's registered capital;
(八)对发行公司债券作出决议;
(8)to pass resolutions on the issuance of corporate bonds;
(九)对公司合并、分立、解散、清算或者变更公司形式作出决议;
(9)to pass resolutions on matters such as the merger, division, dissolution, liquidation or change of the corporate form of the Company;
(十)修改公司章程; 安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司章程
(10)to amend the Articles of Association of the Company;
(十一)公司章程规定的其他职权。
(11)other rights entrusted to them by these Articles of Association of the Company.股东做出上述决定时,采用书面形式,并由股东签字后置备于公司。
The above resolutions made by the shareholders should be issued in writing and signed by the shareholders and served as a record in the Company.第七条
股东承担以下义务:
Article 7
The Shareholders shall perform the following obligations:
(一)遵守公司章程;
(1)to obey the Articles of Association;
(二)按期缴纳所认缴的出资;
(2)to render equity according to the shares they subscribed
(三)协助公司筹措运营资金,提供必要担保;
(3)to collect operating funds and give necessary guarantee;
(四)依其所认缴的出资额承担公司的债务;
(4)to assume debts according to the shares they subscribed;
(五)在公司办理登记注册手续后,股东不得抽回投资。
(5)not to retire shares after registered in the Company.第六章 公司的机构及其产生办法、职权、议事规则
CHAPTER 6 The Company's Organizational Structure, its Establishment and Power, and Procedures
第八条
公司设立董事会,董事会由---人组成,设董事长--人,副董事长----人。董事会任期每届3年,任期届满,可连任。公司法定代表人由董事长担任。安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司章程
Article 8
The Company shall have a board of directors.The Board of Directors of the Company shall consist of-----directors, including---Chairman and------Vice Chairman.The tenure of the chairman of the Board is three years.A chairman may serve consecutive terms upon expiration of his term if re-appointed.The Chairman of the Board of Directors is the legal representative of the Company.第九条 董事会对股东负责,行使下列职权:
Article 9 The Board of Directors shall be responsible to the shareholders, and shall exercise the following functions and powers:
(一)召集股东会会议,并向股东会报告工作;
(1)to be responsible for convening shareholders' meetings and presenting reports to the shareholders' meeting;
(二)执行股东会决议;
(2)to implement resolutions issued by the shareholders' meeting;
(三)制订公司的经营计划和投资方案;
(3)to consider and determine the Company's business plans and investment plans;
(四)制订公司的财务预算方案、决算方案;
(4)to prepare annual financial budget plans and final accounting plans in relation to the Company;
(五)制订公司的利润分配方案和弥补亏损方案;
(5)to prepare profit distribution plans for the Company and plans for making up 安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司章程
any losses suffered by the Company;
(六)制订公司增加或者减少注册资本的方案以及发行公司债券的方案;
(6)to prepare plans for increasing or reducing the Company's registered capital and for issuance of corporate bonds;
(七)制订公司合并、分立、解散或者变更公司形式的方案;
(7)to formulate plans for mergers, divisions, changes of corporate form or dissolution in relation to the Company;
(八)决定公司内部管理机构的设置;
(8)to determine the Company's internal management structure;
(九)决定聘任或者解聘公司总经理,并根据总经理提名聘任或者解聘副总经理、财务负责人等高级管理人员,决定其报酬事项;
(9)to determine the appointment or removal of the Company's general manager as well as the remuneration of the general manager, and upon the general manager's recommendation, determine the appointment or removal of deputy general manager(s), the officer in charge of finance of the Company and their remuneration;
(十)制订公司的基本管理制度;
(10)to formulate the Company's basic management systems;
(十一)审议涉及公司、公司与股东方之间的重大合同事项;
(11)to review major contracts concerning the Company, or shareholders;and
(十二)公司章程规定的其他职权。
(12)other rights entrusted to them by these Articles of Association of the Company.第十条
公司设总经理----人、副总经理-----人。
Article 10
The company shall have---general manager, and----deputy general managers.第十一条
公司总经理、副总经理由董事会聘任或解聘,总经理及副总经理每届任期3年,任期届满可连聘连任。
Article 11 安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司章程
The general manager and deputy general manager shall be appointed and removed by the Board of Directors.The tenure of the general manager and deputy general manager is three years.The general manager and deputy general manager may serve consecutive terms upon expiration of his term if re-appointed.第十二条 总经理对董事会负责,行使下列职权:
Article 12
The general manager shall be responsible to the Board of Directors, and shall exercise the following functions and powers:
(一)主持公司生产、经营管理工作,组织实施董事会的决定;
(1)to be in charge of the management of the Company's operational activities, and organize the implementation of the board’s resolutions;
(二)拟订公司经营管理机构职责方案;
(2)to prepare the plan for the Company's management structure;
(三)拟订公司基本管理制度,制定公司具体规章;
(3)to prepare the basic management system and formulate specific rules and regulations for the Company;
(四)提名副总经理和财务负责人人选,聘任公司中层及以下人员;
(4)to propose the appointment of the deputy general manager(s)and the officer in charge of finance of the Company, and appoint personnel of middle level and below;
(五)拟订和组织实施公司生产、经营计划和投资方案;
(5)to organize the implementation of annual business plans and investment plans in relation to the Company;
(六)拟订公司财务预算方案、决算方案;
(6)to prepare annual financial budget plans and final accounting plans in relation to the Company;
(七)拟订公司利润分配方案和弥补亏损方案;
(7)to prepare profit distribution plans for the Company and plans for making up 安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司章程
any losses suffered by the Company;
(八)拟订公司薪酬管理制度,并组织实施;
(8)to prepare and organize the implementation of salary management system of the Company;and
(九)公司章程和股东授予的其他职权。
(9)other rights entrusted to him by these Articles of Association and the shareholders of the Company
第十三条 公司暂不设监事会,设监事1人,由股东推荐产生;监事任期每届3年,任期届满,可连任。
Article 13
The Company shall not have supervision committee, but have one supervisor.The supervisor shall be recommended by the shareholders.The tenure of supervisor is three years.The supervisor may serve consecutive terms upon expiration of his term if re-appointed.第十四条 监事对股东负责,监事行使下列职权:
Article 14
The supervisor shall be responsible to the shareholders, and shall exercise the following functions and powers:
(一)检查公司财务;
(1)to examine the Company's financial affairs;
(二)对董事、经理层履行公司职务时违反法律法规或公司章程的行为进行监督;
(2)to monitor the acts of the directors and senior management personnel when carrying out their duties in relation to the Company, and make proposals to remove from their positions the directors or senior management personnel who violate laws and regulations, the Articles of Association of the Company;
(三)当董事、经理层的行为损害公司的利益时,要求董事、经理层予以纠正;
(3)to require the directors or senior management personnel to rectify their conducts when any of their actions damage the interests of the Company;
(四)就公司有关事项提议股东召开会议;
(4)to propose the extraordinary shareholders' meetings when something 安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司章程
concerning the Company emerges;and
(五)公司章程规定和股东授予的其他职权。
(5)other rights entrusted to him by these Articles of Association and the shareholders of the Company.第七章 财务、会计、利润分配及劳动用工制度
CHAPTER 7 Financial Affairs, Accounting, Profit Distribution, and Labor Management Systems
第十五条 公司应当依照法律、行政法规和国务院财政主管部门的规定建立本公司的财务、会计制度。公司除法定的会计账册外,不得另立会计账册。对公司资产,不得以任何个人名义开立账户存储。
Article 15
The Company shall establish a financial and accounting system in accordance with the law, administrative rules and regulations, and the stipulations of the department in charge of financial affairs under the State Council.No accounting books shall be kept, except for those legally regulated.It is prohibited to open individual account for depositing the assets of the Company.第十六条 公司在每一会计终了时制作财务会计报告,并依法审计验证。公司上一经审计验证的财务会计报告应在上终了后三十天内报送股东。
Article 16 The Company shall prepare financial and accounting report at the end of every fiscal year.The annual financial report shall be submitted to the shareholders in thirty(30)days following the end of the fiscal year.第十七条 公司财务会计报告应当包括下列财务会计报表及附属明细表: 安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司章程
Article 17 The annual financial statements will include the following statements(including footnotes):
(一)资产负债表;
(1)balance sheet;
(二)损益表;
(2)profit and loss statement;
(三)现金流量表;
(3)cash flow statement;
(四)财务情况说明书;
(4)statement of changes in financial position;and
(五)所有者权益增减变动明细表。
(5)statement of changes in owner’s equity.第十八条 公司利润分配按照《公司法》及有关法律、法规,国务院财政主管部门的规定执行。公司分配当年税后利润时,应按规定提取10%法定公积金。法定公积金累计额为公司注册资本的50%以上时,可不再提取。
Article 18 Profits shall be distributed in accordance with the PRC Company Law, relevant laws, administrative rules and regulations, and the stipulations of the department in charge of financial affairs under the State Council.The after-tax profits of the Company shall be distributed and allocated ten percent(10%)to the statutory common reserve fund.Where the accumulated amount of the statutory common reserve fund has exceeded fifty percent(50%)of the registered capital of the Company, then no further allocation may be made.公司的法定公积金不足以弥补上一公司亏损时,在依照前款规定提取法定公积金之前,应当用当年利润弥补亏损。
The Company shall not allocate profit to shareholders before making up losses 安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司章程
and making allocations to the statutory common reserve fund 公司从税后利润中提取法定公积金后,经股东决定,还可以从税后利润中提取任意公积金。
After allocating to the statutory common reserve fund, the shareholders' general meeting shall decide whether to allocate to the discretionary common reserve fund.公司在弥补亏损和提取公积金和偿还当年应偿还贷款本金后所剩余利润为股东红利。
After making up losses, allocating statutory common reserve fund, and paying off the loan, all remaining profits of the Company shall be available for distribution to the shareholders.第十九条 公司的法定公积金用于弥补公司的亏损,扩大公司生产经营或者转为增加公司注册资本。
Article 19 The Company may convert its statutory common reserve fund to make up its losses, expand its operations or into registered capital.第二十条
公司劳动用工制度按国家法律、法规及国务院劳动部门的有关规定执行。
Article 20 The Company shall develop systems for labor/personnel management according to the relevant laws, administrative rules and regulations, the stipulations promulgated by the department in charge of labor under the State Council.第八章 公司的解散与清算
CHAPTER 8 Dissolution and Liquidation
第二十一条
公司的营业期限为---年,从《企业法人营业执照》获得之日起计算。
Article 21 安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司章程
The term of operation of the Company is----years, counting from the issuance date of Business License for an enterprise as a Legal Person.第二十二条
公司有下列情形之一的,可以解散:
Article 22 The Company shall be dissolved and liquidated according to law in each of the following cases:
(一)公司章程规定的营业期限届满或者公司章程规定的其他解散事由出现;
(1)The term of operation of the Company expires, or other reasons stipulated herein emerges;
(二)股东决定解散;
(2)A resolution of dissolution is adopted by the shareholders' general meeting;
(三)因公司合并或者分立需要解散;
(3)The Company shall be emerged, or divided;
(四)依法被吊销营业执照、责令关闭或者被撤销;
(4)Business License is revoked, ordered to close down or be cancelled’
(五)人民法院依照公司法的规定予以解散。
(5)The people’s court dissolves thr Company in accordance with the P.R.C.Company Law.第二十三条
公司解散时,应依《公司法》的规定成立清算组对公司进行清算。清算结束后,清算组应当制作清算报告,报股东或者有关主管机关确认,并报送公司登记机关,申请注销公司登记,公告公司终止。
Article 23 Where the Company is dissolved, then a liquidation committee shall be formed in accordance with the P.R.C.Company Law.After the completion liquidation, liquidation committee shall formulate a liquidation report , submit it to the shareholders or relevant authority for confirmation, report it to company registration authority in order to cancel the registration of the 安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司章程
Company.It shall then publicly announce the termination of the Company.第九章 其他事项
CHAPTER 24 SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS 第二十四条
Article 24 公司根据需要或涉及公司登记事项变更的可修改公司章程,修改后的公司章程不得与法律、法规相抵触,修改公司章程应由股东做出决定。修改后的公司章程应送原公司登记机关备案,涉及变更登记事项的,同时应向公司登记机关做变更登记。
The Company shall amend/modify these Articles of Association according to the reality.These amended/modified Articles of Association shall not contradict the relevant laws and regulations.The amendment of these Articles of Association shall be approved by the shareholders.Items of change of the Articles of Association shall then be reported to company registration authority.Where such change concerns the registration of the Company, then the Company shall conduct the registration of change at company registration authority.第二十五条
公司章程的解释权属于股东。
Article 25 The interpretation of these Articles of Association shall be the responsibility of the shareholders of the Company.第二十六条
公司登记事项以公司登记机关核定的为准。
Article 26 The Company registration matters shall be verified and approved by the company registration authority.第二十七条
公司章程条款如与国家法律、法规相抵触的,以国家法律法规为安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司章程
准。
Article 27 The relevant laws and regulations shall prevail in case there is any conflict between them and these Articles of Association of the Company 第二十八条
本章程由股东订立,自公司依法登记设立之日起生效。
Article 28 These Articles of Association of the Company are formulated by all shareholders, and shall go into effect as of the date of registration approved by company registration authority.本章程一式叁份,股东、公司各留存一份,报公司登记机关备案一份。
These Articles of Association shall be in triplicate, one for each shareholder, one for the Company, and one for the company registration authority.股东签字、盖章:
The Signature and Seal of Each Shareholder:
法定代表人:
Legal Representative
或授权代表:
or Authorized Representative
第五篇:公司简介翻译中英文对照
我公司为南宁XX商务服务有限公司 竭诚为您快速代理以下业务:
一、代办工商营业执照注册、年检、变更等(注:本公司拥有资深专业人员和具有良好的社会关系,可为您快速解决企业遇到的各类疑难问题)。
二、会计代理服务,企业审计、验资,一般纳税人认定。
三、商标注册
联系人:xxx,150xxxx,会计:0771-xxxx
邮箱:xxxxxx@139.com
QQ;xxxxx
Nanning XX Business Service Co.,Ltd.We provide the following services:
1.Business registration service, annual inspection and change(Note: the company has experienced professionals and have good connections, so that we can solve all kinds of difficulties for you in the Registration Process).2.Accounting services, audit, capital verification, the general taxpayer application
3.Trademark registration
Contact: XXXX, 150XXXX
Accounting: 0771-2XXXX
E-mail: XXXX@139.com
QQ;XXXXXX
Add: No.89, Longteng Rd.Nanning