第一篇：卡梅伦走了 留下一片思考
2010年11月10日，正在中国访问的英国首相卡梅伦游览了北京居庸关长城。图为卡梅伦与中国“根与芽”的孩子们一起游览。（资料图片）
中英关系齿轮再次转动
“Hello中国的朋友们，我非常高兴能加入微博。期待不久后的访华！”这位英国近200年来最年轻的首相刻意选择访问前夕在微博开设账号，用年轻人的方式向中国问好，为他12月2日至4日的访华暖场。标准照片作头像，威斯敏斯特宫俯瞰作背景图，开通一周以来粉丝已经超过20万。英国首相戴维·卡梅伦的此次访华吸引了外界的众多目光。
英国《卫报》2日说，专机在北京一着陆，卡梅伦就发表了“对中国热情洋溢的称赞”讲话，称英国将扮演中国在西方世界最强有力的支持者角色。
英国媒体把卡梅伦在中国媒体的访谈，翻译成四个更愿意：西方世界中，没有哪一个国家像英国一样，“更愿意”向中国开放投资市场，“更愿意”满足中国消费者需求，“更愿意”看到中国与G8、G20和欧盟开展贸易往来。因此，英国“更愿意”在相互理解和尊重的基础上，与中国展开对话，解决两国共同关注的问题，维护两国共同利益。
“金牌推销员”的华丽成绩单
要拉动经济走向复苏，增加就业机会，中国当然是英国不可或缺的最大海外市场，精明的“金牌推销员”当然不会错过这么好的机会。访华首日，在卡梅伦与中国国务院总理李克强的共同见证下，中英签署了两国投资、科技创新、金融、司法、文化、卫生等领域10个合作文件；而在近500名中英企业家参加的中英工商界峰会上，投入真金白银的签约项目就有7个，各个领域的合作备忘录更是不计其数，让冬天里的中英关系迅速升温。
3日在有上百家中英企业参加的商务午宴上，卡梅伦将英中定位为“不可或缺”的伙伴关系。卡梅伦叮嘱英国企业“要用双手紧紧地抓住中国机遇”。他说，近30年来，中国经济每8年翻一番，中国中产阶级人数接近6亿，相当于整个欧洲的人口;中国每年要让1300万人
进入城市。“把这些事实和数字加在一起就是一个巨大的机会”。
在英国《金融时报》看来，这个巨大的机会也许就是促成英中在高铁项目上的合作。英国《泰晤士报》的评论认为，卡梅伦访华，将带动英国中小型企业的发展，中国的发展对英国也是一个难得的机会，不但能拉动大项目建设，同时对英国无以计数的小企业来说，也是它们分享中国发展红利的大好平台。
除了企业之外，卡梅伦还在3日下午对上海交通大学的学生发表演讲，并见证了英中医疗合作新纪元。美联社报道说，双方还签署单独协议，英超帮助培训中国教练和裁判以及加强和中超的合作。卡梅伦还表示，将在武汉设立英国领事馆。
寒随一夜去，春逐五更来
从年初法国总统奥朗德访华开始，欧洲领导人以推销员身份来华早已算不得新鲜事，而卡梅伦此行带着更加艰巨的任务——为从去年5月会见**开始冰冻的中英关系解冻。中国驻英国大使刘晓明引用古句“寒随一夜去，春逐五更来”形容中英关系步入正轨。
“过去一年多来，中英关系之所以遇冷，很大程度是因为去年卡梅伦曾不顾中方反对会见**喇嘛。”中国人民大学国际关系学院副院长金灿荣教授表示，“当初的问题导致两国将近一年半时间中断了高层交往，矛盾是他引起的，此访可谓‘解铃还须系铃人’。”
俄塔社2日称，卡梅伦是西方国家领导人中第一位在中共十八届三中全会结束后前往与中国领导人会晤的。文章说，这一访问本应在一年前举行，但因卡梅伦去年5月会见**喇嘛，访问被搁置。德国《法兰克福汇报》评论说“**喇嘛已是昨天”，现在英国开始发起魅力攻势。
或许英国在对华外交经历了**后已经认识到，对华外交用过去那种施压的方式达不到效果，而且还会对其经贸利益带来较大损害，因此开始淡化人权、西藏等方面的问题。但无论如何，卡梅伦的中国之行对中英两国都是有利的，至少表明两国关系在经历曲折后逐步走入正轨，为两国全方位合作提供了新的空间。英国政府能否在中国如愿以偿，这次首相出访只是一个开端，未来还要向前看。
文章来源：西安人事考试网（xian.offcn.com）
第二篇：卡梅伦就职演说
HER MAJESTY the queen has asked me to form a new government and I have
accepted。Before I talk about that new government, let me say something about the one that has just passed.Compared with a decade ago, this country is more open at home and more compassionate abroad, and that is something we should all be grateful for。
女王陛下要求我组建新一届政府，我已接受了这一要求。在谈论新政府之前，请允许我先说一些最近发生的事情。与十年前相比，这个国家在国内更加开发，对外更富有同情心，我们应该为此心存感激。
On behalf of the whole country I’d like to pay tribute to the outgoing prime minister, for his long record of dedicated public service。
代表这个国家，我将对长期致力于公共服务的前首相表示赞扬。
In terms of the future, our country has a hung parliament where no party has an overall majority and we have some deep and pressing problems – a huge deficit, deep social problems and a political system in need of reform。
就未来而言，我们的国家有一个无论任何党派都不占绝对优势的议会，我们还面临着一些深刻而迫切的问题-巨大的赤字，深刻的社会问题和需要改革的政治体制。
For those reasons, I aim to form a proper and full coalition between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats.I believe that is the right way to provide this country with the strong, the stable, the good and decent government that I think we need so badly。针对这些因素，我计划在保守党和自由民主党之间建立一个合适而充分的联盟。我相信，这是为我们国家能提供强大、稳定、良好和合宜的政府的正确途径，而且我们非常需要。
Nick Clegg and I are both political leaders who want to put aside party differences and work hard for the common good and for the national interest.I believe that is the best way to get the strong government that we need, decisive government that we need today。
尼克.克莱格和我都是想撇开政党利益，为公众利益和国家利益而努力工作的政党领导人。我相信，这是我们能够得到我们今天需要的强大的、果断的政府的最好途径。
I came into politics because I love this country, I think its best days still lie ahead and I believe deeply in public service.And I think the service our country needs right now is to face up to our really big challenges, to confront our problems, to take difficult decisions, to lead people through those difficult decisions, so that together we can reach better times ahead。
我之所以从政是因为我热爱这个国家。我认为最好的时代近在眼前并且我深信公共服务。我认为服务我们的国家，此刻需要面对真正的挑战，直面困难，作出艰难的决定，并领导人民克服这些困难，这样我们就能共同迈向美好的明天。
One of the tasks that we clearly have is to rebuild trust in our political system.Yes, that’s about cleaning up expenses;yes, that’s about reforming parliament;and yes, it’s about making sure people are in control and that the politicians are always their servants and never their masters。
很明显，我们的任务之一就是重建对我们政治体系的信任。是的，这就要求我们清理开支、改革议会、保证对人民的管理并确保政治家始终是人民的公仆，而非主人。
But I believe it’s also something else.It’s about being honest about what government can achieve.Real change is not what government can do on its own.Real change is when everyone pulls together, comes together, works together, when we all exercise our responsibilities to ourselves, to our families, to our communities and to others。但是我相信还有其他方面。就是要诚实地表现政府可能达到的业绩。真正的变革不是仅靠政府之力就能完成的。真正的变革需要所有人齐心协力、众志成城，需要我们每个人履行自己的职责，为自己，为家庭，为社会，也为其他人。
And I want to help build a more responsible society here in Britain, one where we don’t just ask ‘what are my entitlements?’ but ‘what are my responsibilities?’.One where we don’t just ask ‘what am I just owed?’ but more ‘what can I give?’.And a guide for that society, that those who can, should, and those who can’t, we will always help。我希望帮助不列颠建立一个更有责任心的社会。一个不是仅仅问“我们的权利是什么””“我们应该感激谁”的社会，而是“我们的责任是什么”“我们能给予什么”的社会。为了实现这个社会，不管是那些能够做到，应该做到和那些不能做到的人，我们会始终给予帮助。
I want to make sure that my government always looks after the elderly, the frail, the poorest in our country.We must take everyone through with us on some of the difficult decisions that we have ahead。
我希望确保我们的政府总能照顾关心我们国家的老弱病残和最贫穷的人。我们必须让大家每个人与我们一起面对我们曾面对过的艰难的决定。
Above all, it will be a government that will be built on some clear values – values of freedom, values of fairness, and values of responsibility。
首先，我们将组建一个具有清晰价值观的政府-这个价值观就是自由，公平和责任。
I want us to build an economy that rewards work, I want us to build a society with stronger families and stronger communities, and I want a political system that people can trust and look up to once again。
我希望，我们会组建一个工作能有所回报的经济体制，一个有更强的家庭和社会责任心的社会，一个让民众可以期待和信任的政治体制。
This is going to be hard and difficult work.A coalition will throw up all sorts of
challenges.But I believe together we can provide that strong and stable government that our country needs, based on those values – rebuilding family, rebuilding community, above all rebuilding responsibility in our country。
这将是一个艰巨的工作。联合政府将会面临各种挑战。但是，我坚信，基于这样的价值观-重建家庭，重建社会，尤其是重建我们的责任感，我们就能够共同创建一个我们国家需要的强大而稳定的政府。
Those are the things that I care about, those are the things that this government will now start work on doing。
这些就是我关心的事情，这些事情也正是我们的政府即刻开始要处理的。
hank you。
谢谢。
戴维·卡梅伦个人履历
戴维·卡梅伦出生在一个英国贵族家庭，是国王威廉四世的直系后裔。父亲曾是一位股票经纪人，戴维·卡梅伦母亲则是一位从男爵的女儿；家中兄弟姐妹一共四人。卡梅伦出生于伦敦，在英格兰东南部的伯克郡长大。
卡梅伦家族源自苏格兰高地的印威内斯，在英国金融界有很长的历史。他的祖父曾到芝加哥做生意，于1880年回到苏格兰；父亲伊恩·卡梅伦就出生在苏格兰阿伯丁郡。
戴维·卡梅伦毕业于英国著名的伊顿公学。在上学期间，曾因吸食大麻，受到被关禁闭一星期的惩罚。在最终通过牛津大学入学考试，并获得牛津大学布雷齐诺斯学院的录取通知后，卡梅伦办理了9个月休学。前三个月，他在教父、保守党议员提姆·拉斯波恩的办公室，从事研究工作，并列席了很多下议院的辩论会。而后，又通过父亲的关系，在香港怡和洋行工作了三个月。
1985年9月，戴维·卡梅伦正式进入布雷齐诺斯学院，修读哲学、政治与经济。在大学期间，他很少参加政治活动，但却是以狂饮和行为放荡不羁而著称的“布灵登俱乐部”的成员，也曾是学院网球队的队长。1988年，卡梅伦以一等荣誉学士学位的成绩大学毕业。现任伦敦市长鲍里斯·约翰逊是他的大学同学。
第三篇：卡梅伦演讲
卡梅伦深情挽留苏格兰演讲
We meet in a week that could change the United Kingdom forever.Indeed, it could end the United Kingdom as we know it。
On Thursday, Scotl and votes, and the future of our country is at stake.On Friday, people could be living in a different country,with a different place in the world and a different future ahead of it。This is a decision that could break up our family of nations, and rip Scotland from therest of the UK.And we must be very clear.There’s no going back from this.No rerun.This is a once-and-for-all decision。If Scotland votes yes, the UK will split, and we will go our separate ways forever。When people vote on Thursday, they are not just voting for themselves, but for their children and grandchildren and the generations beyond。So I want to speak directly to the people of this country today about what is at stake。
I speak for millions of people across England, Wales and Northern Ireland and many in Scotland, to who would betterly heartbroken by the breakup of the United Kingdom。
Utterly heartbroken to wake up on Friday morning to the end of the country we love, to know that Scots would nolonger join with the English, Welsh and Northern Irishin our Army, Navy and AirForce, in our UK-wide celebrations and commemorations, in UK sporting teamsfrom the Olympics to the British Lions。The United Kingdom would be nomore.No UK pensions, no UK passports, no UK pound。
The greatest example of democracy the world has ever known, of openness, of peopleof different nationalities andfaiths coming together as one, would be no more。It would be the end of a countrythat launched the Enlightenment that abolished slavery that drove the industrial revolution that defeated fascism.The end of a country that peoplearound the world respect and admire the end of a country that all of us call home。
And we built this home together.It’s only become Great Britain because of the greatness of Scotland。Because of the thinkers, writers,artists, leaders, soldiers, inventors who have made this country what it is。It's Alexander Fleming and DavidHume;J.K.Rowling and Andy Murray and all the millions of people who have played their part in this extraordinary success story, the Scots who led thecharge on pensions and the NHS and on social justice。We did all this together。
For the people of Scotland towalk away now would be like painstakingly building ahome – and then walking out the door and throwing away the keys。SoI would say to everyone votingon Thursday, please remember.This isn't just any old country.This is the United Kingdom.This is our country。
And you know what makes us truly great?It's not our economic might or military prowess, it's our values。British values.Fairness.Freedom.Justice。The values that say wherever youare, whoever you are, your life has dignity and worth。The values that say we don't walk on by when people are sick, that we don't ask for your credit card in the hospital, that we don't turn our backs when you get old and frail。That we don't turn a blind eye ora cold heart to people around the world who are desperate and crying out for help。This is what Britain means。This is what makes us the greatest country on earth。And it's why millions of us could not bear to see that country ending – for good,for ever – on Friday。
NowI know that there are many people across Scotland who are planning to vote Yes。I understand why this might sound appealing。It's the promise of something different。I also know that the people who are running the Yes campaign are painting a picture of a Scotland that is better in every way, and they can be good at painting that picture。But when something looks too goodto be true – that's usually because it is。And it is my duty to be clear about the likely consequences of a Yes Vote。Independence would not be a trial separation;it would be a painful divorce。And as Prime Minister I have totell you what that would mean。
It would mean we no longer share the same currency。It would mean the armed forces we have built up together over centuries being split up forever。It would mean our pension fundssliced up – at some cost。It would mean the borders we have would become international and may no longer be so easily crossed。It would mean the automatic support that you currently get from British embassies when you’re travelling around the world would come to an end。It would mean over half of Scottish mortgages suddenly, from one day to the next,being provided by banksin a foreign country。It would mean that we no longer pool resources across the whole of the UK to pay for institutions like the NHSor our welfare system。It would mean that interest rates in Scotland are no longer set by the Bank of England – with the stability and security that promises。It would mean – for any banksthat remain in Scotland – if they ever got introuble it would be Scottish taxpayers and Scottish taxpayers alone that would bear the costs。This is not guess work.There are no question marks, no maybe this or maybe that。The Nationalists want to break up UK funding on pensions, the UK funding of healthcare,the UK funding and comprehensive protection on national security。These are the facts.This is what would happen。An end to the things we share together。And the people of Scotland must know these facts before they make this once-and-for-all decision。To warn of the consequences is not to scare-monger it is like warning a friendabout a decision they might take that will affect the rest of their lives – and the lives of their children。Is ay all this because I don't want the people of Scotland to be sold a dream that disappears。
Now I know that some people say:we've heard about the risks and the uncertainties but we still want change。Look.The United Kingdom is not a perfect country-no country is。Of course we must constantly change and improve people's lives。No one is content while there are still children living in poverty。No oneis content while there arepeople struggling, and young people not reaching their potential。Yes,every political party is different。But we are all of us –Conservatives, Labour, Lib Dems, Nationalists – on aconstant mission to change our country for the better。The question is: how do you get that change? For me it's simple。
You don't get the change you wantby ripping your country apart。You don't get change by undermining your economy and damaging your businesses and diminishing your placein the world。But you can get real, concrete change on Thursday: if you vote No.’Businessas usual' is not on the ballot paper.The status quo is gone。This campaign has swept it away。There is no going back to the waythings were。
A vote for No means real changeand we have spelled that change out in practical terms, with a plan and a process。If we get a No vote on Thursday,that will trigger a major, unprecedented programme of devolution with additional powers for the Scottish Parliament.Major new powers over tax,spending and welfare services。Wehave agreed a timetable forthat stronger Scottish Parliament: a time-table to bring in the new powers thatwill go ahead if there is a No vote...a White Paper by November, put into draft legislation by January。This is a time table that is now agreed by all the main political parties and set instone and I am prepared towork with all the main parties to deliver thisduring 2015.So a No vote actually means faster, fairer, safer and better change。And this is a vital point:Scotland is not an observer in the affairs of this country。Scotland is shaping and changing the United Kingdom for the better – more so today than at any point in the last three hundred years and will continue to help shape the constitution of ourcountry。And Scottish people can enjoy the additional powers its Parliament gives without losing the UK pension, the UK pound or the UK passport。Real change is Scotland's for the taking。The power to set your own courseand make your own decisions with the security of being in the UK without the risks of going it alone。
It's the best of both worlds。
Scotland’s identity is already,strong Scottish culture, strong Scottish arts, a strong Church of Scotlandand in the last 15years you have built a strong Scottish Parliament not afleeting institutionbut a permanent one。
So the vote on Thursday is not about whether Scotland is a nation.Scotland is aproud, strong, success fulnation.The vote on Thursday is about two competing visions for Scotland’sfuture。
The Nationalists’ vision of narrowing down, going it alone, breaking all ties with the UK。
Or the patriotic vision of astrong Scottish nation allied to the rest of the United Kingdom with its ownstronger Scottish Parliament at its heart, and with the benefits of working together in the UK on jobs, pensions, healthcare funding,the currency, interestrates。
It really is the best of both worlds and it's the best way to get real change and secure a better future for your children and grand-children，which is what this vital debate all about。
And speaking of family – that is quite simply how I feel about this.We are afamily.The United Kingdom is no tone nation.We are four nations in a single country。
That can be difficult but it is wonderful.Scotland, England, Wales and NorthernIreland are different nations,with individual identities competing with each other even at times enraging each other while still being so much stronger together。
We are a family of nations。
Why should the next generation ofthat family be forced to choose whether to identify only with Edinburgh or only with London choose which embassy they want to go to when they are in trouble abroad or pack their passport when they're going to see friends and loved ones?
A family is not a compromise, or a second best, it is a magical identity, that makes us more together than we can ever be apart。
So please do not break this family apart。
In human relations it's almostnever a good thing to turn away from each other,put up walls, score new lines on the map。
Why would we take one Great Britain and turn it into separate smaller nations?
What is that an answer to?
How will that help the ambitious young people who want to make their mark on the world or the pensioner who just wants security or the family relying on jobs make in the UK?
Let no one fool you that ‘Yes' isa positive vision.It's about dividing people,closing doors, making foreigners of our friends and family。
This isn't an optimistic vision。
The optimistic vision is of ourfamily of nations staying together there for each other in the hard timescoming through to better times。
We've just pulled through a greatrecession together.We’re moving forward together.The road has been long but it is finally leading upwards and that's why I ask you to vote No to walking away。
Vote No , and you are voting for a bigger and broader and better future for Scotland, and you are investing in the future for your children and grandchildren.So this is our message to the people of Scotland:
We want you to stay.Head and heart and soul, we want you to stay。
Please don't mix up the temporary and the permanent。
Don't think: “I'm frustrated with politics right now, so I'll walk out the door and never come back。”
If you don't like me – I won't be here forever.If you don't like this Government– it won't last forever.But if you leave the UK – that will be forever。
Yes,the different parts of the UK don't always see eye-to-eye。
Yes,we need change– and we will deliver it but to get that change, to get a brighter future, we don't need to tear our country apart。
In two days, this long campaign will be at an end.And as you stand in the stillness of the polling booth, I hope you will ask yourself this。
Will my family and I truly be better off by going it alone? Will we really be more safe and secure? Do I really want to turn my back on the rest of Britain, and why is it that so many people across the world are asking: why would Scotland want to do that? Why? And if you don't know the answer to these questions –then vote No。
At the end of the day, all the arguments of this campaign can be reduced to a single fact: we are better together.So as you reach your final decision,please don't let anyone tell you that you can't be a proud Scot and a proud Brit。
Don't lose faith in what this country is – and what we can be.Don’t forget what a great United Kingdom you are part of.Don’t turn your backs on what is the best family of nations in the world and the best hope for your family in this world.So please, from all of us: Vote to stick together, vote to stay, vote to save our United Kingdom。
第四篇：英国首相卡梅伦演讲稿
英国新首相戴维卡梅伦就职演说，全文如下：
HER MAJESTY the queen has asked me to form a new government and I have accepted。Before I talk about that new government, let me say something about the one that has just passed.Compared with a decade ago, this country is more open at home and more compassionate abroad, and that is something we should all be grateful for。
On behalf of the whole country I'd like to pay tribute to the outgoing prime minister, for his long record of dedicated public service。
In terms of the future, our country has a hung parliament where no party has an overall majority and we have some deep and pressing problems – a huge deficit, deep social problems and a political system in need of reform。
For those reasons, I aim to form a proper and full coalition between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats.I believe that is the right way to provide this country with the strong, the stable, the good and decent government that I think we need so badly。
Nick Clegg and I are both political leaders who want to put aside party differences and work hard for the common good and for the national interest.I believe that is the best way to get the strong government that we need, decisive government that we need today。
I came into politics because I love this country, I think its best days still lie ahead and I believe deeply in public service.And I think the service our country needs right now is to face up to our really big challenges, to confront our problems, to take difficult decisions, to lead people through those difficult decisions, so that together we can reach better times ahead。
One of the tasks that we clearly have is to rebuild trust in our political system.Yes, that’s about cleaning up expenses;yes, that’s about reforming parliament;and yes, it’s about making sure people are in control and that the politicians are always their servants and never their masters。
But I believe it’s also something else.It’s about being honest about what government can achieve.Real change is not what government can do on its own.Real change is when everyone pulls together, comes together, works together, when we all exercise our responsibilities to ourselves, to our families, to our communities and to others。
And I want to help build a more responsible society here in Britain, one where we don’t just ask ‘what are my entitlements?’ but ‘what are my responsibilities?’.One where we don’t just ask ‘what am I just owed?’ but more ‘what can I give?’.And a guide for that society, that those who can, should, and those who can’t, we will always help。
I want to make sure that my government always looks after the elderly, the frail, the poorest in our country.We must take everyone through with us on some of the difficult decisions that we have ahead。
Above all, it will be a government that will be built on some clear values – values of freedom, values of fairness, and values of responsibility。
I want us to build an economy that rewards work, I want us to build a society with stronger families and stronger communities, and I want a political system that people can trust and look up to once again。
This is going to be hard and difficult work.A coalition will throw up all sorts of challenges.But I believe together we can provide that strong and stable government that our country needs, based on those values – rebuilding family, rebuilding community, above all rebuilding responsibility in our country。Those are the things that I care about, those are the things that this government will now start work on doing。
Thank you。
第五篇：卡梅伦演讲稿免费
Tuesday 9 November 2010
PM’s speech at Beida University, China
A transcript of speech given by the Prime Minister at the Beida University in China on 9 November 2010.Introduction
Twenty five years ago I came to Hong Kong as a student.The year was 1985.Deng Xiaoping and Margaret Thatcher had recently signed the historic Joint Declaration.The remarkable story of the successful handover of Hong Kong and the great progress Hong Kong has continued to make is an example to the world of what can be achieved when two countries cooperate in confidence and with mutual respect.Since then, China has changed almost beyond recognition.China’s National Anthem famously calls on the people of China to stand up
Qi lai qi lai(stand up, stand up)
Today the Chinese people are not just standing up in their own country, they are standing up in the world.No longer can people talk about the global economy without including the country that has grown on average ten per cent a year for three decades.No longer can we talk about trade without the country that is now the world’s largest exporter and third largest importer
And no longer can we debate energy security or climate change without the country that is one of the world’s biggest consumer of energy.China is on course to reclaim, later this century, its position as the world’s biggest economy the position it has held for 18 of the last 20 centuries.and an achievement of which the Chinese people are justly proud.Put simply: China has re-emerged as a great global power.Threat or Opportunity
Now people can react to this in one of two ways.They can see China’s rise as a threat
or they can see it as an opportunity.They can protect their markets from China
or open their markets to China.They can try and shut China out
or welcome China in, to a new place at the top table of global affairs.There has been a change of Government in Britain and a change of Prime Minister.But on this vital point there is absolute continuity between my government and the Governments of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.We want a strong relationship with China.Strong on trade.Strong on investment.Strong on dialogue.I made that clear as Leader of the Opposition when I visited Beijing and Chongqing three years ago.And I repeat it as Prime Minister here in China’s capital today.In the argument about how to react to the rise of China.I say it’s an opportunity.I choose engagement not disengagement.Dialogue not stand-off.Mutual benefit, not zero-sum game.Partnership not protectionism.Britain is the country that argues most passionately for globalisation and free trade.Free trade is in our DNA.And we want trade with China.As much of it as we can get.That’s why I have with me on this visit one of the biggest and most high-powered delegations a British Prime Minister has ever led to China.Just think about some of the prizes that the rise of China could help to bring within our grasp.Strong, and sustainable growth for the global economy.Vital progress on the Doha trade round which could add $170 billion to the global economy.A real chance to get back on track towards a legally binding deal on emissions
Unprecedented progress in tackling poverty.China has lifted 500 million people out of poverty in just thirty years.Although there is still a long way to go – that’s more people lifted out of poverty than at any time in human history.You can see the results right across this enormous country.When I worked in Hong Kong briefly in 1985, Shenzhen was barely more than a small town, surrounded by paddy fields and waterways.Today it is a city larger than London.It makes most of the world’s iPods and one in ten of its mobile phones.And there are other benefits too in tackling the world’s most intractable problems.I welcome the fact, for example, that more than 900 Chinese doctors now work in African countries and that in Uganda it is a Chinese pharmaceutical firm that is introducing a new anti-malarial drug.So I want to make the positive case for the world to see China’s rise as an opportunity not a threat.But China needs to help us to make that argument to demonstrate that as your economy grows, so do our shared interests, and our shared responsibilities.We share an interest in China’s integration into the world economy, which is essential for China’s development.If we are to maintain Europe’s openness to China, we must be able to show that China is open to Europe.So we share an interest in an international system governed by rules and norms.We share an interest in effective cooperative governance, including for the world economy.We share an interest in fighting protectionism and in a co-ordinated rebalancing between surplus and deficit countries.These interests, those responsibilities are both economic and political.Let me take each in turn.1)Economic Responsibilities
First, economic responsibilities.Let’s get straight to the point.The world economy has begun to grow again after the crisis.But that growth is very uneven.Led by China, Asia and other emerging markets are growing quickly.But in much of the advanced world growth is slow and fragile and unemployment stubbornly high.We should not be surprised at this.The crisis has damaged many advanced economies and weakened their financial sectors.They face major structural and fiscal adjustments to rebalance their economies.This is true of my own country.We know what steps we need to take to restore the public finances and rebalance our economy towards greater saving and investment and greater exports.And we have begun to take them.But for the world economy to be able to grow strongly again – and to grow without creating the dangerous economic and financial instabilities that led to the crisis, we need more than just adjustment in the advanced world.The truth is that some countries with current account surpluses have been saving too much while others like mine with deficits have been saving too little.And the result has been a dangerous tidal wave of money going from one side of the globe to the other.We need a more balanced pattern of global demand and supply, a more balanced pattern of global saving and investment.Now sometimes when you hear people talk about economic imbalances, it can seem as though countries that are successful at exporting are being blamed for their success.That’s absolutely not the case.We all share an interest and a responsibility to co-operate to secure strong and balanced global growth.There is no greater illustration of this than what happened to China as the western banking system collapsed.Chinese exports fell 12 per cent
growth dropped to its lowest point in more than a decade
and some 20 million jobs were lost in the Chinese export sector.Changes in the structure of our economies will take time
What is important is that the major economies of the world have a shared vision of the path of this change: what actions countries should avoid;what actions countries need to take and, crucially, over what period it should happen.This is why the G20 – and the meeting in Seoul – is so important.Together we can agree a common approach.We can commit to the necessary actions.We can agree that we will hold each other to account.And just as China played a leading role at the G20 in helping to avert a global depression
so it can lead now.I know from my discussions with Premier Wen how committed China is to actions to rebalance its economy.China is already talking about moving towards increased domestic consumption
Better healthcare and welfare
More consumer goods as its middle class grows and in time introducing greater market flexibility into its exchange rate.This can not be completed overnight but it must happen.Let’s be clear about the risks if it does not about what is at stake for China and for the UK – countries that depend on an open global economy.At the worst point of the crisis, we averted protectionism.But at a time of slow growth and high unemployment in many countries those pressures will rise again
Already you can see them.Countries will increasingly be tempted to try to maximise their own growth and their own employment, at the expense of others.Globalisation – the force that has been so powerful in driving development and bringing huge numbers into the world economy could go into reverse.If we follow that path we will all lose out.The West would lose for sure.But so too would China.For the last two decades, trade has been a very positive factor in China’s re-emergence on the world stage.It has driven amazing growth and raised the living standards of millions.Trade has helped stitch back China’s network of relations with countries across the world.We need to make sure that it does not turn into a negative factor.Just as the West wants greater access to Chinese markets so China wants greater access to Western markets and it wants market economy status in the EU too.I had very constructive talks with Premier Wen on exactly this issue yesterday.I will make the case for China to get market economy status in the EU,but China needs to help, by showing that it is committed to becoming more open, as it becomes more prosperous.And we need to work together to do more to protect intellectual property rights because this will give more businesses confidence to come and invest in China.UK companies are uniquely placed to support China’s demand for more high value goods for its consumers
Our Pavilion at the World Expo in Shanghai – which won the Gold Award for the best Pavilion design – was a showcase for so many of Britain’s strengths from advanced engineering to education…
From great brands to great pharmaceutical businesses
From low carbon to financial services to the creative industries.In all these areas and many more, British companies and British exports can help China deliver the prosperity and progress it seeks.We can be part of China’s development strategy, just as China is part of ours.A true partnership of growth.In recent days, Britain has won new business worth billions of pounds involving companies across the UK and cities all over China.including a deal between Rolls Royce and China Eastern Airlines for 16 Airbus 330 aeroengines worth £750 million and inward investments worth in excess of £300 million
This is all in addition to at least £3bn of business which British companies have secured as part of the Airbus contract concluded with China last week
and a further £2 billion of investments by Tesco to develop new shopping malls over the next five years.And with nearly 50 of Britain’s most influential culture, education and business leaders joining me on this visit
I hope these deals can be just the beginning of a whole new era of bilateral trade between our countries.Achieving this would be a real win-win for our two countries.So if China is prepared to pursue further opening of its markets
and to work with Britain and the other G20 countries to rebalance the world economy and take steps over time towards internationalising its currency
that will go a long way towards helping the global economy lock in the stability it needs for strong and sustainable growth.And just as importantly, it will go a long way in securing confidence in the global community that China as an economic power is a force for good.2）Political Responsibilities
But China does not just have new economic power.It has new political power.And that brings new political responsibilities too.What China says – and what China does – really matters.There is barely a global issue that needs resolution, which does not beg the questions: what does China think, and how can China contribute to a solution?
China has attempted to avoid entanglement in global affairs in the past.But China’s size and global reach means that this is no longer a realistic choice.Whether it’s climate change or development, health and education or global security, China is too big and too important now not to play its part.On climate change, an international deal has to be fair.And that means that countries with different histories can’t all be expected to contribute in exactly the same way.But a fair deal also means that all countries contribute and all are part of an agreement.And there’s actually a huge opportunity here for China.Because China can really profit from having some of the most efficient green energy in the world.On international security, great powers have a bigger interest than anyone in preserving stability.Take development for example, China is one of the fastest growing investors in Africa
with a vital influence over whether Africa can become a new source of growth for the world economy
We want to work together to ensure that the money we spend in Africa is not supporting corrupt and intolerant regimes.And the meeting of the UN Security Council which the British Foreign Secretary will chair later this month provides a good opportunity to step up our co-operation on Sudan.As China’s star rises again in the world, so does its stake in a stable and ordered world, in which trade flows freely.Today, China is the world’s second biggest importer of oil, and Sudan is one of your most important suppliers.So China has a direct national interest in working for stability in Sudan.And four fifths of your oil imports pass through the Malacca Straits.So like Britain and the other big trading nations, you depend on open sea lanes.And like us, your stability and prosperity depends in part on the stability and prosperity of others.Whether it’s nuclear proliferation, a global economic crisis or the rise of international terrorism, today’s threats to our security do not respect geographical boundaries.The proliferation of nuclear material endangers lives in Nanjing as well as New York.China is playing an active role in helping to prevent conflagration over North Korea.We have been working with China in the UN Security Council to keep up the pressure on Iran
and China’s continuing role here is vital if we are to prevent Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon.In your own region, I believe China can work with us to improve the situation for the Burmese people.And China is one of the few countries that Burma will listen to on this point.But political responsibilities are not just about how one country interacts with another
those responsibilities also apply to the way a country empowers its own people
Political Perspectives
It is undeniable that greater economic freedom has contributed to China’s growing economic strength.As China’s economy generates higher living standards and more choice for Chinese people, there is inevitably debate within China about the relationship between greater economic freedom and greater political freedom.I recognise that we approach these issues with different perspectives.I understand too that being in government is a huge challenge.I’m finding that running a country of 60 million people.So I can only begin to imagine what it is like leading a country of 1.3 billion.I realise this presents challenges of a different order of magnitude.When I came here last I was Britain’s Leader of the Opposition.Now we’ve had a General Election.It produced a Coalition Government, which combines two different political parties – the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats – with different histories and political philosophies, working together for the good of our country.The Labour Party is now the official Opposition, with a constitutional duty to hold the new Government publicly to account.Indeed if I were not in Beijing this Wednesday afternoon, I would be preparing for my weekly session of Prime Minister’s questions in the House of Commons, where MPs question me freely about the whole range of government policy.All the time the government is subject to the rule of law.These are constraints on the government, and at times they can be frustrating when the Courts take a view with which the government differs
but ultimately we believe that they make our government better and our country stronger.Through the media, the public get to hear directly from people who hold different views from the government.That can be difficult at times, too.But we believe that the better informed the British public is about the issues affecting our society
the easier it is, ultimately, for the British government to come to sensible decisions and to develop robust policies that command the confidence of our people.I make these observations not because I believe that we have some moral superiority.Our own society is not perfect.There is still injustice which we must work hard to tackle.We are far from immune from poverty and the ills that afflict every nation on earth.But in arguing for a strong relationship between our countries, I want a relationship in which we can be open with each other, in which we can have constructive dialogue of give and take in a spirit of tolerance and mutual respect.The rise in economic freedom in China in recent years has been hugely beneficial to China and to the world.I hope that in time this will lead to a greater political opening
because I am convinced that the best guarantor of prosperity and stability is for economic and political progress to go in step together.In some respects it already has.Ordinary Chinese people today have more freedom over where they live
what job they do
and where they travel
than ever before.People blog and text more.It’s right to recognise this progress.But it’s right also that Britain should be open with China on issues where, no doubt partly because of our different history and culture, we continue to take a different view.There is no secret that we disagree on some issues, especially around human rights.We don’t raise these issues to make to us look good, or to flaunt publicly that we have done so.We raise them because the British people expect us to, and because we have sincere and deeply held concerns.And I am pleased that we have agreed the next human rights dialogue between our two governments for January.Because in the end, being able to talk through these issues – however difficult – makes our relationship stronger.Conclusion
So let me finish where I began.China’s success – and continued success – is good for Britain and good for the world.It’s not in our national interests for China to stumble
or for the Chinese economy to suffer a reverse.We have to make the case.and I hope China will help us make the case.that as China gets richer, it does not follow that the rest of the world will get poorer.It is simply not true that as China rises again in the world, others must necessarily decline.Globalisation is not a zero sum game.If we manage things properly, if we win the arguments for free trade, if we find a way to better regulation, we can both grow together.But if we don’t, we will both suffer.I referred earlier to Britain’s Pavilion at the Shanghai Expo, “the Dandelion”
We are extremely proud that it won a coveted prize, and that it proved so popular with Chinese visitors.It is, in its way, a symbol of the strength and the potential in our relationship.Two different countries, past and future Olympic hosts, on far sides of the world, sowing the seeds of a flourishing relationship in the future, a relationship which has the potential to grow and to bloom.Proof, perhaps, that Confucius was right when he said.“within the four seas all men are brothers”
Yes, there we will be storms to weather.Yes, there will be perils to overcome.Yes, we will have to persevere.But it will be worth it – for Britain, for China and for the world.
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