第一篇：翻译经贸类文章
经济贸易
我愿借此机会谨代表我所有的同事，对你们的热情接待表示衷心的感谢。// 在伦敦度过的这五天是令人愉快、令人难以忘怀的。// 我特别要赞颂我们的英国合作伙伴，没有贵方的努力我们无法成功地达成合作协议。// 让我们为两家公司永久的友谊与合作，干杯！//
中国执行改革开放政策。越来越多的外国商人来华投资。// 我国幅员辽阔，劳动力资源丰富，市场潜力大。// 投资兴办合资企业时，贵方可以提供资金、机械、技术和管理方法。// 这种投资方法对我们合作双方来说，都有丰厚的经济回报。
处于世纪之交的上海正在迅速发展为世界经济、金融和贸易中心之一。上海金融业的发展尤为引人注目，现已逐渐形成了一个具有相当规模与影响的金融市场体系。// 浦西的外滩和浦东的陆家嘴已成了各国大银行青睐的金融黄金宝地。// 上海这颗璀璨的东方明珠以其特有的魅力召唤有远见卓识的金融家来此大展鸿图。
中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家，中国的发展不但直接影响中国人民的未来，而且也极大地影响亚洲和世界的发展与进步。// 今晚在座的各位商界领袖都是各行业的成功人士，你们拥有丰富的管理经验和战略眼光。// 既然你们已把眼光投向中国，中国欢迎你们。中国的经济发展将为你们提供大量的机会。// 中国政府将为来华投资的外国企业提供优惠条件并且创造更好的投资环境。
在改革开放的20年中，中国的经济发展迅速，人民生活不断改善，贫困人口大幅减少。// 尽管中国人有理由为过去的成就感到高兴，但是，还不能太骄傲。中国在今后相当长的时间内仍然是发展中国家。// 现在，全国人民的共识是：中国人还要更加努力，要继续坚持艰苦奋斗的原则，向发达国家学习。// 中国争取用五十年不到的时间，把中国人民的生活提高到小康水平。所以，今后的中心任务就是发展经济。（参考答案）
In the past two decades of reforming and opening to the outside world, China has witnessed a fast booming in economy, a great increase in social productivity, a constant improvement in people's life and a big reduction in poverty population.// Although the Chinese people have every reason to take delight in the past achievements, they can not be too proud of themselves.China will remain a developing country in a quite long period of time in the future.// Now, it is the common understanding of the Chinese people that they should work more diligently, continue to carry out the principle of hard struggle and learn from the developed countries.// China tries to raise the people's living standard to a well-off level in less than 50 years.Therefore, the future essential task is to promote economy.中国确实像你们所说的是个大国。不过，目前我们的石油出口量还是很少的。我们一贯支持欧佩克在油输出国组织在稳定世界油价方面所做的努力。我想，石油输出国组织国家如果能经常聚在一起，讨论稳定油价问题，对世界各国都是有好处的。既然在座的各位对当前中国的石油输出政策很感兴趣，我想就此说几句。我们的基本政策还是在平等互利，互通有无的基础上出口有限的石油。不过，随着中国进～步对外开放，一些新的贸易做法会迅速涌现。我们的经营将比过去更灵活。
（参考答案）
As you say, China is a big country.However, at present our oil exports ore still very small.We’ve always been supportive of the OPEC countries in their efforts to stabilize world oil prices.I think it is in the interest of all the countries in the world if the OPEC countries come together regularly and discuss how oil prices can be stabilized.Since people here take great interest in China’s oil export policy, I would like to say a few words about it.Our basic policy is still to export limited amount of oil on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, and each supplying the other’s needs.However, with China’s further opening to the outside world，new trade practices will emerge very fast．We will become more flexible in business than before．
中国政府重视吸引外资，也重视使用外资，包括使用国外企业的直接投资和间接投资。中国将继续鼓励外资企业向农业、高新科技工业和基础工业投资。中国还将继续拓宽国外投资的范围。国家将进一步鼓励公开招标，在石油化工和建筑业中更多地利用外资。此外，中国将努力改善投资布局，采取有效措施引导和鼓励外资企业向中西部投资，以促进该地区的快速发展。
（参考答案）
The Chinese government attaches importance to attracting and using foreign capital.The use of foreign capital includes both direct and indirect investment from overseas businesses.// China will further encourage foreign business to invest in agriculture, new-and-high-tech industries and basic industries.// China will also continue to expand the sphere of foreign investment.China will further encourage open bidding and make more use of foreign capita in petrochemical and building industries.// Besides, China will strive to improve the distribution of investments, and adopt effective measures to guide and encourage foreign investment in central and western regions, so as to accelerate the economic development in those regions.同志们，近年来，我们在配合“走出去”战略实施方面取得了一些成绩和经验，但是，这还不够。// 在如何更好地发挥我外交资源优势配合企业“走出去”，尤其是在支持民营和中到海外参与国际竞争方面，我们还有很多潜力可挖。// 我们要与企业界不断加强联系和配合，要更多地听取大家的宝贵意见，以更好地为经济发展战略服务。// 让我们共同努力，为维护国家主权和安全、促进我国发展做出新的贡献，实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。//（参考答案）
Fellow comrades, in recent years, we have had initial achievements and experience in the area of diplomacy supporting the strategy of “going global”.Nevertheless, that’s not enough.// There are still plenty of potentials to be tapped in making better / full use of our diplomatic resources to support businesses to go global, in particular, in supporting private, small and medium-size businesses to go abroad to participate in the international competition.// Greater coordination and support between the diplomatic and business circle are necessary.We need to further listen to the precious ideas of the public to better serve the national economic development.// Let’s work together to make even more contributions to safeguarding national sovereignty and security and promoting national development so as to realize the objective of building a better-off society in an all-round way.欢迎各位光临中国进出口商品交易会。中国进出口商品交易会又称广交会，创办于1957年，每年春秋两季在广州举办。// 交易会已发展成为综合性、多功能的国际性盛会，它是中国目前规模最大、商品种类最全、到会客商最多的贸易展会。// 交易会已进出口贸易为主，还可以开展多种形式的经济技术合作与交流，贸易方式灵活多样。// 来自世界各地的客商云集广州。广交会确实是一次互通商情、建立商务关系、增进友谊的盛会。（参考答案）
Welcome to the Chinese Import and Export Commodities Fair.The Chinese Export Commodities Fair, also known as Canton Fair, make its first appearance in the 1957.This fair is held twice a year in spring and autumn.// The fair has developed into a comprehensive and multi-functional event of international importance.It is China’s largest trade fair with the most complete varieties of commodities.It also registers the largest attendance.// The fair features import and export trade.It also provides a convenient platform on which various types of business activities such as economic and technical cooperation and exchanges are carried out in flexible ways.// Business people from all over the world are gathering in Guangzhou.They exchange business information, establish business contacts and develop friendship, making the fair a truly great business event.//
经过二十多年的快速发展，西部地区已奠定了一定的物质和技术基础，市场经济体制在逐步完善之中。／／
这些都为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。同时，中国政府把调整经济结构和促进对外开放结合起来。／／
随着西部大开发战略的稳步推进，西部地区的资源优势将得到充分发挥，经济增长的质量和水平将进一步提高。／／
中国政府将着力改善投资环境，进一步增强对外商投资的吸引力。目前的工作重点是致力于完善投资的软环境。//
（参考答案）
The rapid development over the past 20 years and more has laid down certain material and technological foundation in the west。The market economic system is in the process of improvement.// All these have created a favorable market environment for the sustained and fast economic progress in the western regions．Meanwhile，the Chinese government has combined the work of economic restructuring with the promotion of opening up．／／
As the strategy of developing the western regions is steadily pushed forward，the resources and economic advantages Of the west will be brought into full play so that the quality and level of its economic growth will be further raised．／／
The Chinese government will make elaborate efforts to improve the investment climate to make the environment more attractive to foreign investors．At present，priority is given to the improvement of the soft environment for foreign investment．//
中国经济将开始转变。这种转变令政府感到高兴，并得到私营企业的支持。中国政府多年来一直寻求缩小东部沿海地区富裕城市与不发达的农村地区之间的不平衡发展。目前，13亿中国人口中有8亿人生活在不发达的农村地区，中国政府将鼓励这种工业迁徙。中国在卫生和教育方面的公共开支2006年都将大幅增加。中国大多数农民没有退休保障，也没有医疗保险，他们还不得不支付孩子上学的高昂学费，他们积攒下微薄的收入，尽量避免任何不必要的开支。这些担忧长期阻碍了中国国内消费的发展。
Key: China’s economy will start its transformation.This will make the government happy and help them get the support from private sectors.The Chinese government has been looking for the solution to the imbalanced growth between prosperous cities in the eastern coastal areas and undeveloped rural areas.Currently, 8 hundred million out of 1.3 billion population are living in those poor areas.The Chinese government will encourage this kind of industrial relocation.China’s public expenditure in 2006 will see a big increase in the fields of public health and education.Most of Chinese farmers have no pension nor hospital-treatment insurance.They have to afford expensive tuition fees or their children’s education.They try to avoid paying for some unnecessary expenses with small income they’ve saved.These worries have hindered for a long time the development of China’s domestic consumption.今年以来，我国经济增长速度平稳较快，企业效益继续改善，城乡居民收入增长较快，市场价格基本稳定，国内外需求旺盛，国民经济和社会发展总体形势良好。但是，对存在的一些较突出问题，也需要引起高度重视，主要是固定资产投资增长过快，银行信贷增加过多，农业增产和农民增收难度依然较大。只要我们坚持以科学发展观统领全局，继续实施稳健的财政政策和货币政策，保持宏观经济政策的连续性和稳定性，加强对经济运行态势的监测，采取措施解决存在的突出问题，就一定能够保持国民经济的持续平稳较快发展。
Key: The above statistics show that the national economic and social development is on the upbeat featured by fast yet stable economic growth, improved enterprises efficiency, rapid income growth for urban and rural households, stable market prices and brisk external and internal demands.However, it should be noted that there are prominent problems that call for our attention, such as rapid growth of investment in fixed assets and of bank loans, and difficulty in maintaining agricultural growth and increasing farmers’ income.However, as long as we continue to guide the overall economic and social development by a scientific approach to development, continue to pursue prudent fiscal policy and monetary policy , maintain the continuity and stability of various macroeconomic policies of the central government, enhance the monitoring of the trend of economic development, and adopt relevant measures to solve the existing problems, the national economy will keep its fast yet stable growth.《财富》500强企业中已有400多家在华投资，外商投资在华设立的研发中心达700多家。随着中国的不断发展，中国同世界各国和各类企业的合作必将进一步扩大。中国将继续稳步开放市场，创新引进外资的形式，完善有关鼓励和保护外商投资的法律法规，改革涉外经济管理体制，加强知识产权保护，努力为中国的对外经贸合作和外国来华投资提供一切便利，创造更好的环境。Key: Over 400 firms out of the Fortune 500 have invested in China.The number of R&D centers set up by foreign investors in China has exceeded 700.As China becomes more developed, its cooperation with the other countries and their corporations of various types is bound to increase in scale.China will keep opening up its market, find new ways of using foreign capital, improve on legislations and regulations for encouraging and protecting foreign investors, revamp foreign economic management, step up protection of intellectual property rights, and work still harder to help foreign investors and create an even better environment for trade and economic cooperation between China and the world.整体实力迈上新台阶。一是保险业务较快增长。保险业是国民经济中增长最快的行业之一，2002年以来我国保费收入年均增长17.3%，2005年达到4927亿元，是2002年的1.6倍。二是市场体系逐步完善。目前，保险机构达到100家，初步形成了国有控股（集团）公司、股份制公司、政策性公司、专业性公司、外资保险公司等多种组织形式、多种所有制成份并存，公平竞争、共同发展的市场格局。三是资产规模不断壮大。目前，保险公司总资产达到1.8万亿元，是2002年的2.8倍。保险业资本金总量达到1100亿元，是2002年的2.6倍。四是国际影响逐步扩大。三年来我国保费收入年均增幅比世界平均水平高8个百分点，2005年我国保费收入世界排名第11位，占全球总保费收入的1.8%，比2002年提高了0.4个百分点。Key: Overall strength has been enhanced to a new level.Firstly, insurance business has achieved a rapid growth.Insurance industry has become one of the fastest growing industries in national economy: its annual premium income has been growing by 17.3 percent on average since 2002 and reached as high as RMB 492.7 billion yuan in 2005, 60 percent more than that of 2002.Next, the market system has been gradually perfected.Currently, there are 100 insurance institutions in China, and a market of fair competition and common development has been fostered preliminarily, with the coexistence of diversified forms of organization and varied types of ownership, including state-owned holding companies(groups), joint-stock companies, policy-oriented companies, specialized companies and foreign-invested insurance companies.Thirdly, assets keep growing.Presently, total assets of insurance companies have reached RMB 1.8 trillion yuan, which is 2.8 times that of 2002, and capital of insurance industry have reached RMB 110 billion yuan, seeing a growth of 160 percent over 2002.Lastly, global influence of Chinese insurance industry is gradually expanding.China’s average annual growth rate of premium income in the past three years has been 8 percent higher than the world’s average.In 2005, China’s premium income ranked 11th globally, accounting for 1.8 percent of the world’s total premium income, 0.4 percent more than that in 2002.59.Donald Rumsfeld, who resigned as U.S.defence secretary was known for colorful quotes during his long caree in politics.Following are some memorable ones.-----Reports that say that something hasn't happened are always interesting to me, because as we know, there are known knowns.There are things we know we know.We also know there are known unkowns.That is to say we know there are some things we do not know.But there are also unkown unkowns---the ones we don't know we don't know.And if one looks throughout the history of our country and other free countries, it is the latter category that tend to be the difficult ones.国际国内经济环境中仍然存在许多不确定因素，今年中国经济发展面临的形势极其复杂。我们将保持宏观经济政策的连续性和稳定性，继续实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，同时根据新形势新情况着力提高政策的针对性和灵活性。关键是处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理好通胀预期的关系，着力提高经济增长质量和效益，切实防范可能出现的风险。Key: However, there still remain many uncertainties in domestic and external economic environment, and the road toward China’s further economic development this year is beset by extreme complexities.To tackle these problems, we will keep continuity and stability of our macro economic policies, continue to follow a proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy and make our policies better targeted and more flexible in response to new circumstances.The key in achieving this goal is to strike a balance among promoting steady and fast growth, readjusting economic structure and properly managing inflation risks.We will endeavor to raise the quality and efficiency of growth and take effective measures to fend off potential risks.20国集团会议是一个具有广泛代表性的重要国际经济论坛。成员国人口占世界总人口的三分之二，涵盖了世界最主要的发达国家、发展中国家和转轨国家。20国集团各成员应该在平等互利、求同存异、灵活务实的基础上开展对话，加强交流与合作。
20国集团成员国应该努力增进互信，扩大共识，协调行动，加强南北对话，促进全球减贫。在健全国际经济贸易体制和规则、完善国际经济金融体系等方面，发挥更大、更积极的实质性作用。让我们顺应时代潮流，共同努力建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。（参考答案）
The G20 meeting is recognized as a widely representative international economic forum.Measured by population size, it accounts for two thirds of the world total.Its members include the primary players of both developed and developing countries as well as those in transition.G20 members must, on the basis of equality and mutual benefits, seeking common ground while shelving differences, engage(themselves)in flexible and pragmatic dialogues and increase / enhance their exchanges and cooperation.G20 members must seek to build up mutual trust, expand consensus and coordinate actions.They should work to enhance North-South dialogue and facilitate global efforts in poverty reduction.They should play bigger and more active roles in ameliorating the international trading systems and rules and improving the international economic and financial structures.Let us go with the stream and join hands to build a harmonious world featuring enduring peace and common prosperity.
第二篇：旅游类文章的翻译
旅游类文章的翻译
１．東京
林立する巨大なビル群、街並みの上を走る高速道路、そして街角には車の洪水と人の波、地下には網の目のように地下鉄がめぐらされています。東京は、これらが浑然一体となった世界最大の都会です。華やかなイルミネーションに飾られた街角もあれば、気取らない通りもあります。整然としたオフィス街もあれば、ごみごみした横丁もあります。雑多な躍動がそのままエネルギーとなって新しいものを創り出し、変貌させ、都会の魅力を形作っています。
２．富士箱根伊豆国立公園
富士箱根伊豆国立公園は、内外を問わず、多くの観光客を根強く集めております。ここには富士五湖を秘めた富士山、芦ノ湖のある箱根、そして温泉と美しい海岸線の風景の散在する伊豆半島といった三つの観光名所があります。
富士山（高さ3776メートル）は、高さや形が日本一であるだけでなく、日本のシンボル、世界の秀峰です。昔から「フジヤマ、サクラ、ゲイシャ」と言われるほど有名な日本観光の名物です。
3.昆明
昆明，云南省省会，具有2400多年的历史，是云南省政治、经济、文化、科技、交通的中心，同时也是我国著名的旅游城市。昆明地处云贵高原中部，海拔1891米。南濒滇池，三面环山。气候温和，夏无酷暑，冬无严寒，四季如春，气候宜人，是极富盛名的“春城”。悠久的历史、独特的地质结构，还为昆明留下了众多的文物古迹和风景名胜。昆明是一个发展中的国际旅游城市，目前，已形成了以世博会为中心集自然风光和民族风情为一体的四季皆宜的旅游胜地。
4.黄山
黄山风景秀丽，“奇松、怪石、云海、温泉”被称为“黄山四绝”，神奇的冬景和壮美的日出，更让人流连忘返。山中有名可数的就有七十二峰，莲花峰为黄山主峰，海拔高度在一千八百米以上，山峰有如盛开的莲花一般，由此而得名。黄山无处不松，奇特的古松，难以胜数。而黄山云流动于千峰万壑之间，峰出云端，仿佛海上小岛，使人不禁觉得到了天上人间。
第三篇：地理类文章的翻译训练
Translate the following sentences into Chinese:（注意：每句之间请空一行）
1.Outside the United Nations, human rights matters have been discussed with the Group of 7 major industrialized countries and the Non-Allied Movement at their summit meetings, as well as with the Organization of American States, the Organization of African Unity, the Association of South-East Asian Nations, European Union, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Rio Group and in other important regional and subregional forums.2.按人口计算，中国是世界上最大的国家;按领土面积计算，是第三大国家，仅次于俄罗斯和加拿大。
In terms of population, China is the largest country in the world;and in terms of territorial area, it is the third, ranking only after Russia and Canada.2.众所周知，中国的自然资源十分丰富，这使得中国具备良好的条件发展工农业。
China is known to be very rich in natural resources, this puts her in a good position to develop hers industry and agriculture.3.历史记载表明，到16世纪时，中国人已经发明了纸，并且传入了欧洲，使欧洲人大感惊奇。
Historical records indicate that by the 16th century the Chinese had already invented paper and had it brought to Europe, causing great amazement among the Europeans.4.中国的1,800公里长的大运河，建成于公元610年，流经17个城市，是世界上最古老，最长的人工水道。
China’s 1.800-kilometer long Grand Canal, which was completed in 610 AD and flows through 17 cities, is the world’s oldest and longest man-made waterway.5.为了改善环境，中国最大的，人口最密的城市－上海，正在计划建造一座占地300多公顷的森林公园，称为“超级绿肺”。
In order to better its environment, Shanghai, China’s largest and most populous city is planning to build a forest park spreading out over 300 hectares of land, to be known as the “Super Green Lung”.6.“园中之园”的圆明园，其建设与修复延续了150年，经历清朝的五代皇帝。1860年，在第二次鸦片战争期间，曾被英法军队烧成平地;而到1900年，则更进一步为八国联军所毁。
The “Garden of Gardens”, Yuan Ming Yuan, which underwent 150 years of construction and renovation under five emperors in Qing dynasty, was burned down by the British and French troops in 1860 during the Second Opium War and then further destroyed by the allied army of eight powers in 1900.7.长江三角洲区域，占有全国人口的6％，提供全国国内生产总值的1/5以上，所以这一区域的发展，必然会对促进中国的经济建设起很大的作用。
As the Yangtze River Delta area takes up 6% of China’s total population and contributes more than 1/5 of the country‘s GDP;its development will absolutely play a great role in speeding up China’s economic construction.8.亚马逊河流域具有世界上有名的复杂生态系统，中国的科学家在2004年7月首次来到该地区，进行科学考察研究。
The Amazon Basin boasts a world-famous, complex ecosystem;Chinese scientist, for the first time, came to this region in July, 2004, to make scientific probes and studies.9.在华南，春天和初夏是多雨季节，有许多日子会见到倾盆大雨，或者是跟随着台风而来的暴雨。
In south China, spring and early summer are wet seasons, with quite a number of days experiencing torrential downpours or rainstorm that accompany typhoons.10.橡胶原来是南美巴西的产物，在十九世纪下半叶传到别的国家。现在，世界上大部分的橡胶，是生产在赤道南北各10°的中间地带上。
Rubber, originally a product of Brazil in South America, spread to other countries in the latter half of the 19th century.Nowadays, the bulk of the world’s rubber in grown between 10°N and 10°S of the equator.11.令人意料不到的是，硅谷既不是一个富有硅的地方，也不是一个山谷。它之所以得名，仅仅是因为它是一个新兴的、以硅为基础的电子工业的中心。Unexpectedly, Silicon Valley is neither a place abundant in silicon nor a mountain valley.It has gained its name simply because it is a newly developed center of silicon-based electronics industry.12.亚洲是世界上最大的洲，在地理上变化最多，其地貌包括巨大的、由沙漠覆盖着的高原，也包括像喜马拉雅山这样的高山，而喜马拉雅山的珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。
Asia, the world’s largest continent, is the most geographically diverse, its landforms including giant desert-covered plateaus and such high mountains as the Himalayas, whose Mt.Everest is the tallest in the world.13.太平洋几乎和其他三个大洋加起来一样大，其最深部分达到海面下10,973米，这个深度甚至超过了喜马拉雅山世界最高峰的高度。
The Pacific Ocean is nearly as large as the other three combined, its deepest part being 10,973 m below sea level, a distance even greater than the height of the Earth’s tallest peak in the Himalayas.14.所谓岛屿，就是一块四面环水的陆地，地球上有无数的岛屿，从最大的格陵兰到只有几米宽的小块陆地不等。中国的两个最大岛屿是台湾和海南。
An island is land completely surrounded by water;earth has countless islands, ranging from Greenland, the biggest one, to tiny spots of land are only a few meters wide.The two biggest islands in China are Taiwan and Hainan.15.全球性的气候变迁，主要见于地球大气的逐渐变暖，现正受到全世界的注意，因为这种变迁会对世界人民的生活产生巨大的影响。
Global climate changes, mainly seen in the gradual warming of the earth’s atmosphere, are attracting worldwide attention, for such changes could greatly impact the lives of world people.16.长江是中国最长的河流，长江上的三峡发电厂是一项正在进行中的十分巨大的工程，该厂所要用的发电机将是世界上最大的机组。
The Yangtze is the China’s longest river.Its Three Gorges Power Station is a gigantic project under construction;the generators the station is to use will be the largest units in the world.17.北京人大约生活在公元前460,000年到230,000年之间，能够用火，并能制造石头工具，是早期旧石器时期人类的一个好实例。
Peking man, who lived from about 460,000 BC to 230,000 BC and who was able to use fire and make stone tools, is a good example of early Old Stone Age men.18.中国的万里长城是在两千多年前建成的，是在把封建王公们为了防御野蛮民族入侵而建筑的城堡连接起来的基础上建成的。The China’s great wall was built more than 2,000 years ago on the basis of joining together the forts built by feudal lords to protect their land against invasions by barbarians.19.中国的大河流都是从西流向东，使得南北之间的交通相对来说比较困难，因此铁路和公路成为了国家经济上必不可少的设施。
All China’s great rivers flow from west to east, making transportation between the south and the north relatively difficult, as a result, railroads and highways have become indispensable for national economy.20.在中世纪，有大量的丝绸从中国运到中东和欧洲，走的是古代的丝绸之路，到今天这条路还有痕迹可寻。
During the Middle Ages, large amounts of silk were brought to the Middle East and Europe from China along the ancient Silk Road, which is still traceable nowadays.21.鸦片战争打开了中国长期封闭的门户，标志着帝国主义一系列侵略中国领土的开端。
The Opium War broke open the China’s long-closed door, and marked the beginning of a succession of imperialist aggressions upon China’s territory.22.是埃及人首先采用一年365天的日历，这种日历经过某些改动，今天有许多国家都在使用。
It was Egyptians who first used the 365-day calendar, which, with certain changes, it now in use in many countries.23.甚至在今天，也没有人能够明确知道古代埃及人是怎样建成金字塔的;有些人甚至认为，也许有某种地球以外的力量参与。
Even today, no one knows with certainty how ancient Egyptians built the pyramids.Some people even go as far as to consider that certain forms of extraterrestrial might have been involved.24.希腊被说成是西方文明的发源地，因为古代希腊有过高度发达的文化;而且许多文明思想和新发现，都是由希腊传遍全欧洲的。
Greece is said to be the cradle of Western civilization, for ancient Greece had a highly developed culture and it was from here that plenty of civilized ideas and new discoveries spread throughout Europe.25.哥伦布曾一共四次航行到美洲，并且一度到达过南美洲的北岸，但是他始终没有意识到发现了一块新大陆，而一直以为这块地就是印度。
Columbus made a total of four voyages to America, once reached the north coast of South America, but he never realized he has discovered a new land, which he had always thought to be India.
第四篇：外语经贸类词汇
外语经贸类词汇
澳新紧密经济关系协定ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement
摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响shake off the impact of the financial crisis
帮助人才脱颖而出help excellent talents find way to distinction
备件spare parts
部长级会议ministerial meeting
采取积极财政政策 proactive fiscal policy
出口创汇型/外向型产业export-oriented industry
垂直兼并vertical merger
倒爷profiteer
抵免offset
东盟自由贸易区AFTA：ASEAN Free Trade Area
东南亚国家联盟ASEAN：Association of South-East Asian Nations
对外项目承包foreign project contracting
反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against „„
防伪标志anti-fake label
放松银根ease monetary policy
非配额产品quota-free products
非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects
风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment
风险基金venture capital
风险准备金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk
岗位培训on-the-job training
港元的联系汇率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar 搞活国有大中型企业revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises 工程项目engineering project
工业增加值industrial added value
公正合理equitable and rational
固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets
广开就业门路increase employment opportunities;create jobs in every possible way;open up more channels of employment
规模经济scale economy/ economies of scale
国合企业（即国有合作社）state-owned cooperatives
国际清算international settlement
国际收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance of payment
国际收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment
国家补贴public subsidies
国家鼓励项目projects listed as encouraged by the state
国家科技创新体系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System
国家现汇结存state foreign exchange reserves
合理引导消费guide rational consumption
横向兼并horizontal merger
坏帐、呆帐、死帐bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan 货币市场money market
机构臃肿overstaffing in(government)organizations
机构重叠organizational overlapping
技工贸结合的科技型企业scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development
季节性调价seasonal price adjustments
既成事实established/accomplished facts
减免债务reduce and cancel debts
建材building materials
进口环节税import linkage tax
经常项目current account
经常性的财政收入regular revenues
竟价投标competitive bidding
就业前培训pre-job training
控股公司holding company
垃圾融资junk financing
劳动密集性企业labor-intensive enterprises
劳务合作labor service cooperation
累计实现顺差143.4美元accumulatively realizing trade surplus
利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery
流动人口floating population
龙头产品lagship product
乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises
慢性萧条chronic depression
农业技术合作ATC：Agricultural Technical Cooperation
盘活存量资产revitalize stock assets
配件accessories
皮包公司flying-by-night company;bogus company
平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development
瓶颈制约 “bottleneck” restrictions
企业的自我约束机制self-regulating mechanism of enterprises
企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises
企业亏损补贴subsidies to cover enterprise losses
企业所得税corporate income tax
千年问题、千年虫millennium bug
抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities
清理、修订screen and modify
求同存异overcome differences and seek common ground
商住和公益设施建设commercial, residential and public utility construction
申报制度reporting system;income declaration system
实行股份制enforce stockholding system
实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts
市场准人的行政管理措施AAMAAdministrative Aspects of Market Access
适销对路的产品readily marketable products
双重轨制two-tier system / double-track system
水利water conservation
所有制形式forms of ownership
贪图安逸crave comfort and pleasure
通货紧缩deflation
通货膨胀inflation
同步增长increase in the same pace
外援方式modality of foreign aid
无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator
无纸交易paperless transaction
现代企业制度modern corporate system
消费膨胀inflated consumption
协议投标negotiated bidding
信息化informationize
形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场establish an unified, open market with orderly competition 亚欧会议ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting
亚太法定计量论坛APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum
亚太工商咨询理事会ABAC：APEC Business Advisory Council
亚太计量程序APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program
亚太经合组织部长级会议AMM：APEC MinisteriaI Meeting
亚太经合组织经济领导人会议AELM： APEC Economic Leaders Meeting
亚太经济合作组织APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
亚太能源研究中心APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research Center
亚太商业论坛ABF：APEC Business Forum
亚太商业网络APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network
亚太实验室认可合作APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation
亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System
亚太信息基础设施APII：Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure
亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心ACTETSME：APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises
亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank
以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis
营业税turnover tax
在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership
债转股debt-to-equity swap
中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C.on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan
中介服务组织intermediary service organization
注入新的生机与活力bring new vigor and vitality into
转化经营机制change the method of operation
资本项目capital account
自1999年1月1日起实行come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999 自由浮动汇率free floating exchange rate;variable exchange rate
自驻经营,自负盈亏responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses 走上良性发展的轨道going on the track of sound progress
shipping service company船务公司
generic products非商标(非专利)产品
prudent monetary policy稳健的货币政策
deficit spending超前消费
run on banks(到银行)挤兑
domestic support to agriculture对农业的国内支持
special bonds特种债券
economy of abundance富裕经济
Animal-based protein动物源性蛋白
dual purpose exports军民两用品出口
dual-use goods and technology军民两用产品和技术
NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由贸易区
global quota全球配额
grandfather clause祖父条款
Animal-derived food动物源食品
EVSL(Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)部门提前自愿自由化
TILF(Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易和投资自由化和便利化
常见缩略：
C&F(cost & freight)成本加运费价
T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇
D/P(document against payment)付款交单
D/A(document against acceptance)承兑交单
C.O(certificate of origin)一般原产地证
G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制
CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱
PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等
DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元
DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打
PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等
WT(weight)重量
G.W.(gross weight)毛重
N.W.(net weight)净重
(customs declaration)报关单
EA(each)每个，各
W(with)具有
w/o(without)没有
FAC(facsimile)传真
IMP(import)进口
EXP（export）出口
MAX(maximum)最大的、最大限度的MIN(minimum)最小的，最低限度
M 或MED(medium)中等，中级的M/V（merchant vessel）商船
S.S(steamship)船运
MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨
DOC(document)文件、单据
INT（international）国际的P/L(packing list)装箱单、明细表
INV(invoice)发票
PCT(percent)百分比
REF（reference）参考、查价
EMS（express mail special）特快传递
STL.(style)式样、款式、类型
T或LTX或TX(telex)电传
RMB（renminbi）人民币
S/M（shipping marks）装船标记
PR或PRC(price)价格
PUR(purchase)购买、购货
S/C（sales contract）销售确认书
L/C（letter of credit）信用证
B/L（bill of lading）提单
FOB（free on board）离岸价
CIF（cost, insurance & freight）成本、保险加运费价 GMO(genetically modified organism)转基因组织
CAGA(compound annual growth average)年复合增长率
第五篇：文章翻译
高频超声响应的嵌段共聚物胶束
1.摘要
聚（环氧乙烷）和聚（2亲水平衡可以可逆或不可逆地变化往往由于在疏水性嵌段，这导致中断的极性的变化胶束。此外，根据外部刺激如pH变化，温度变化，和光，两亲性嵌段共聚物的疏水四氢吡喃基甲基丙烯酸酯）（PEO-B-PTHPMA）形成的两亲性嵌段共聚物胶束对高频超声（1.1兆赫）很敏感。结果表明THPMA侧基的水解的发生由超声波照射诱导的，如在图1a中描绘的。PEO-B-PTHPMA的合理化使用可以由以下考虑。声空化导致的形成，生长，并在溶液中微米尺寸的气泡的破裂，而气泡的破裂会在纳秒范围内产生高温高压，产生沃尔沃动态剪切效果。使嵌段共聚物胶束对相对较弱的空化效应有反应，该聚合物应该含有弱化学键，理想的机械性不稳定和热不稳定的键对与气蚀有关的机械和热效应敏感。在PEO-β-PTHPMA胶束在水溶液中先前的研究发现，THPMA的水解，不仅是酸性pH敏感的，但也可以通过热效应激活。水解时，PEO-β-PTHPMA胶束是由增加的极性打乱由PTHPMA转化为聚（甲基丙烯酸）（PMAA）（图1）。的确，如下图所示，本研究发现THPMA的水解可能是在室温下诱导时胶束溶液暴露于高频超声导致胶束的破坏。根据日益增长的在探索超声波来控制化学反应方面的兴趣，这一发现非常重要因为，因为它表明一种新的方式来开发超声波敏感的嵌段共聚物胶束基于涉及不稳定的化学键的超声波引发的化学反应。我们注意到，PEO-B-PTHPMA两个构成的聚合物相关的生物医学应用。
3.实验部分
3.1 PEO-b-PTHPMA胶束的制备。
PEO-b-PTHPMA利用之前报道的原子转移自由基聚合合成（ATRP）。在本研究中使用的样品是PEO112-b-PTHPMA164（组合物由1HNMR确定）。胶束是由之前报道的以下相同步骤制备。通常情况下，首先1.3毫克PEO-b-PTHPMA溶解于5mL四氢呋喃中（THF）中，然后缓慢加入5ml水（约30微升，每30秒），以诱导微胶粒的形成。向该溶液加入40毫升水，然后搅拌30分钟。最后，THF通过在45℃的情况下蒸发24小时来除去。初始聚合物浓度为0.03mg/mL。对于装有尼罗红（NR，自奥德里奇）的胶束，疏水生色团与加入水之前嵌段共聚物（在0.04毫克/毫升的浓度）溶解在THF中，将有机溶剂蒸发掉。空载的NR在水溶液中沉淀，并通过0.45μm的膜过滤除去。3.2 胶束溶液暴露于高频率超声辐照
在这项研究中采用的设备是一个在室内制造的高频聚焦超声发生器。该装置的示意图示于图1b。它包括两个主要组件:超声波发生器及声透镜传感器。39毫米的有效直径和大约90毫米焦距的声透镜传感器被安装在一个装满水的水槽的底部，被指向向上超声束被集中在一个直径为约3毫米的圆形光斑里。超声波的输出功率可以在0〜200w范围内进行调整，超声波的频率为1.1兆赫。超声聚焦光束可以通过乳胶膜的渗透和作用于放置在一个管式反应器的PEO-B-PTHPMA胶束溶液。胶束溶液在管式反应器的体积为5托利多）测定。首先，3种不同pH值（4.003，6.864，9.182）的缓冲溶液被用来校准pH计。然后将电极探针插入高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）照射前和HIFU照射后不同时间的胶束溶液。红外光谱是在室温下用Nicolet560傅立叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱仪记录的。对于这些测量，暴露于超声辐射下微胶粒的薄膜制备如下。在对1.36毫克每毫升浓度的PEO-β-PTHPMA胶束溶液进行超声处理一定时间后，将溶液在真空下于60℃干燥，直至水被完全除去以得到干燥的样品。将干燥的样品然后再溶解在THF中，滴在KBr盐窗上窗，并干燥。动态光散射（DLS）中的上一个布鲁克海文BI-200的测角仪用波长为λ=532纳米的垂直偏振的入射光通过的氩激光在200毫瓦操作供给，布鲁克海文 BI-9000数字自相关器进行。测定是在25℃下和在90°的角度制成。DLS的自相关函数是通过使用非负约束最小二乘算法以获得流体动力学直径的分布进行分析。对DLS测量之前，胶束溶液通过0.45μm的膜过滤。胶束的形态观察通过原子力显微镜（AFM，奈米级多模式Ⅲa）中。将样品通过浇铸在干净的云母表面的胶束溶液的滴接着干燥制得。荧光发射光谱在日立F-4500双单色器的分光光度计，用激发波长为550纳米。
4.结果与讨论
正如上面提到的，高频率，高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）可以得到。高功率超声波束被带到紧紧围绕在离传感器的周围。高强度聚焦超声与焦斑的物质比在其他地方有更强大的交互作用，并能产生热和非热效应，这对于生物医学治疗和超声化学反应有用。当超声波经过液体介质中，有大量微气泡的形成，生长，并折叠在很短的时间（约几微秒），这被称为超声空化。理论计算和实验表明，超声空化可以产生局部的温度高达5000 K时，一个局部压力高
9达500个大气压，加热和冷却速率大于10 K / S。在这样的剧烈的条件下，溶剂或单体，或聚合物链的断裂分解可发生。虽然空化效应被减弱随增加的超声频率，它不能在特别是在聚焦模式下的高的超声波强度下被忽略。一些报告表明，超声空化确实可以在高强度聚焦超声发生。在此分析的基础上，可以合理的假设，高频超声能影响在水溶液中高分子胶束，并且，这种影响可以是对包含不稳定化学键如在PEO-β-PTHPMA缩醛基团的聚合物显著胶束。
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