热词翻译学习

第一篇：热词翻译学习

译题一：Take a Break from Work: One-Year Sabbatical to Travel Do you secretly thought of what you think is a great project: a long journey? A gap year is just for you, to see the end of the world.Bid farewell to the daily routines.With a little planning and a maximum of passion for life, this great dream can come true, without being too complicated or expensive!

Who has not dreamed to temporarily leave work, family, friendsto go on an adventure? Far, very far at the other end of the world.参考译文：忙里偷闲：休假一年逍遥游

你曾经暗自想过度长假这样的好事吗？“空档年”正好适合你去远方旅游观光。彻底放下日常工作吧。轻装简行，满怀激情，无需过分劳神烦心，也不必挥金洒银，这一美梦就可成真。

谁没有梦想过暂离工作、辞别亲友、把千头万绪的繁杂事务抛诸脑后，然后去游历探险呢？让我们浪迹天涯，放逐心灵吧。

现代社会生活节奏快，竞争激烈，如果能够有闲度假散心，必定是一件非常惬意的事情。本文中，具有鲜明英美特色的”sabbatical year” 和“gap year”就是人们梦寐以求的假期。动笔翻译之前，我们应该想方设法弄清楚这些短语的确切含义和文化内涵。“sabbatical year”源于ancient Judea（古罗马统治的巴勒斯坦南部地区），指安息年，即古代犹太人每七年让土地休耕的一年（A year during which land remained fallow, observed every seven years by the ancient Jews）。现在多指公休假或带薪年假，“（美国等）大学给教授每七年一次的带薪休假，用于休息、旅游或研究等（“a leave often with pay granted usually every seventh year(as to a college professor)for rest, travel, or research”）。“Gap year（空档年）是一个英国词儿，指学生离开学校一段时间，经历一些学习以外的事情，比如外出旅行或者工作”。也有人把它译作“间隔年”（http://www.xiexiebang.com/group/topic/8864099/）。有兴趣的读者可以在上面的网页中了解到关于“gap year”的详细信息。类似的英语表达还有career break等。笔者以为，文中的这两则短语已经不再局限于上述含义，而泛指各种各样的假期。网友hy3638把gap year译作“学业间断的一年”，可谓非常忠实的翻译。

“To see the end of the world”和文末的“Far，very far at the other end of the world”并非意味着一定要到天涯海角去度假。这是一种比喻的说法，即把整日为之操心忙碌、无法摆脱的生活、工作、学习等种种羁绊和烦恼都统统放下，仿佛这一切都远在天边、遥不可及。Bid farewell to 进一步强化了这层含义。牛津高阶的定义如下：(bid/say)farewell to sb/sth：(have)no more of sb/sth 不再（有某人[某事物]）。所以，笔者把它们分别译作“远方”和“让我们浪迹天涯，放逐心灵吧”（后一句根据张明权老师的意见修改）。笔者的原译是“心远地自偏”，套用了陶渊明的诗句。欢迎各位网友批评和讨论。

许多网友把project译作“计划”或“工程”，complicated译作“复杂”，adventure译作“冒险”等。从上下文来看，这些译法都显得有些生硬，不够贴切，和本文的主题“度假”有些不大合拍。举例来说，Adventure除了“冒险”的含义之外，还有“不寻常的、激动人心的”经历之意。这层含义正契合了旅游度假的主要目的：休闲和放松身心，增长见识，领略异国他乡的风土人情。马克?吐温的The Adventures of Tom Sawyer记述的正是一些童年趣事。“译题二”中描写的梦境“incredible and comical adventures”当然也不能算作“冒险”。

译题二：Understanding your dreams Prosecution, cold sweats, incredible and comical adventures...Our imaginations give it to the heart while we are asleep.Far from trivial, movies that pass before our eyes are meaningful.The ancients saw the vehicle between God and people.We now know that dreams lead us deep within ourselves.They advise us, guide us, and send us the signals when things do not go in right direction.Dreams can solve our problems, make us more creative and even heal us.Our nights offer us valuable tools.It would be a shame if we do not learn to use them.参考译文：理解梦景

检举告发，冷汗涔涔，匪夷所思而又滑稽可笑的惊险状况„„。在睡梦中，我们的想象天马行空。梦中的景象绝对不是无关紧要的，它们具有丰富的含义。古人把梦看作是神仙和凡人之间的沟通工具。现在，我们知道，梦引领我们了解自己的内心深处。它们给予我们忠告或指导。当事情不对劲时，它们会向我们发送信号。梦能够解决我们的问题，使我们更具创造性，甚至可以疗伤治病。黑夜向我们提供了宝贵的工具。如果我们不学会善加利用它们，那真是太可惜了。

首先来看一下标题的翻译。提到“解梦”，我们第一个想到的是“对梦中所发生的事情进行解释”，与之对应的英文是interpret或interpretation，如奥地利著名精神分析专家弗洛伊德(Freud)的名著“Interpretation of Dreams”。因此，不宜用“解梦”来翻译本文的题目。Understand的意思是“理解，懂得或领会”。笔者以为，根据本文的内容，译作“理解梦景”比较妥当。

中英文都普遍存在着一词多义的现象。正确的理解原文是准确把握词义、保证翻译质量的必要前提。要做到正确的理解原文首先要有扎实的外文基础和渊博的文化背景知识。阅读和理解原文时，我们必须在众多的词义中慎重地筛选和甄别，找出适合上下文内容的义项，然后用相应的中文来翻译。

本文中容易理解和翻译错误的单词有movie, vehicle, God、shame等。从上下文来判断，“movie”应该指的是梦中所看到的一幕幕景象，而不是我们平时所说的“电影”或“电影情节”，我们因之可以直译为“在我们眼前浮现的一幕幕影像”，或者意译为“梦景”、“梦中的景象”等。受思维习惯的影响，网友分别把“vehicle”译作“汽车”、“机动车”、“工具”、“交通工具”等。这些都是“vehicle”的常用义项，但显然不适用于本文讨论的梦、人和神之间的关系。牛津高阶给出的vehicle的另一义项“means by which thought, feeling, etc.can be expressed 表达思想﹑感情等的工具或手段”正好符合文中“梦联系神和人”之意。因此，笔者把它译作“沟通工具”。有网友把它译作“媒介”、“沟通方式”、或“沟通渠道”也是可以接受的译法。God可以指希腊罗马等神话中的诸神，也可以是基督教、犹太教和伊斯兰教中的宇宙主宰，即上帝、造物主、天主或真主。如果本文针对的是宗教信仰各异的普通读者群，那么god应该指的是普遍意义上的“神”或者“神仙”，而不可以简单地译作“上帝”。Shame既可以指“羞愧”、“惭愧”、“负罪感”，也可以是“遗憾”、“可惜”、“不应该的事情”等。大部分网友都能够准确地理解和把握这一含义。“遗憾”、“令人惋惜的事”、“太可惜了”都是正确的和可行的译法。

值得一提的是，网友“xieyx021”和“空谷幽兰”翻译的“神会托梦与人”、网友lj329的把“when things do not go in right direction”译作“事情不对劲儿时”，既忠实原文，也是比较地道的中文表达。

译题三：Learn to say NO

Saying no is not in itself a very difficult task.It relates everything that is in our minds with this little word, which makes it so difficult to pronounce.Before you learn to say no, you must first identify the nature of the thoughts that accompany the word.You say yourself “If I say no, others will discredit me and not call me anymore” or “I always say yes so that others will like me?” If this is the case, it is likely that these thoughts are false and you make absolute die hard.To rectify this, a strategy is to ask yourself if your conclusions are realistic and that will make you to really use it.The mere awareness of your thoughts will excessively help you to be free.参考译文：学会说“不”

说“不”本身并非难事。“不”字虽不起眼，但是关乎我们内心的各种想法，以至于把它说出来非常困难。学会说“不”之前，你必须首先弄清自己的想法。你对自己说：“如果我说„不‟，别人会不信任我，以后不再找我”或者“我一直说„是‟，这样别人就会喜欢我？”如果是这种情形，那么十有八九这些想法是不明智的，而且你很难根除它们。要改正这一点，一种做法是问问自己，最后把你的想法如实告诉对方。这样的话，你就会真正地使用“不”了。单单是弄清自己的想法就会令你感到无比得轻松自由。

和前面的两段文字相比，这段文字浅显易懂，翻译起来相对轻松些。不过，有些词语的翻译仍然需要依据上下文来认真对待。稍有不慎，就可能造成“差之毫厘，失之千里”的后果。许多网友直接忽视了第二句的“this little word”的“little”，可能是觉得它无足轻重，没必要翻译出来。有网友直接把它译作“小词”、“小小的字”或“小小的单词”。这样的译法可谓“直译有余，意译不足”，没有能够尽可能地表达作者的意思。作者先用little一词来修饰no，说明no这个词看起来非常简单、微小、不重要。在后面的论述中，作者又用“discredit”、“realistic”、“false”、“awareness”、“thought”、“free”等词来围绕着no进行论证，采用先抑后扬的手法来说明no的重要性，所以我们没有理由不把little翻译出来。False除了“错误的，不正确的”的含义之外，还有“虚假的；欺骗的，不诚实的；不聪明的”等含义。大部分网友都被它的常用含义“欺骗”，将之译成了“错误的”。我们很难判断一个人说或者不说“不”是不是正确，但是我们可以说他的说“不”与否是不是“明智的”。

网友的译文中，错误比较多的是“die hard”的翻译。“Die hard”是一动词短语，意思是“顽固到底；难以根除，或需要很长时间才能灭绝”等。从上下文的讨论中，我们可以看出die hard指的是一个人，因为日久成习，很难彻底根除“是否拒绝别人”的这种思维方式或不够明智的心态。读懂原文之后，我们可以很自然地把它译作“很难根除它们”。网友445664876@qq.com和johnan的“很难改掉这种习惯”、shangxian.yue的“难以根除”，teresa22和zly-julie的“很难改掉”都是比较不错的翻译。Realistic一词的翻译一直让我比较纠结。从上下文来看，作者的意思应该是在经过思考和斟酌之后，如果因为自己的能力、客观条件等种种原因而无法答应别人的请求时，一个人应该实事求是地向别人说“不”，而不是碍于脸面，勉为其难地答应别人。意思明了之后，寻找对应的汉语表达方面又颇费周折。“符合实际情况”、“实事求是”、“现实可行的”、“注重实际的”、“实际可行的”等总显得有些拗口，没有充分地表达出这层意思。最后，笔者选择了“最后把你的想法如实告诉对方”，其中既有直译，也有意译。

从以上的评论中我们可以看到，project，complicated, adventure, movie, vehicle, God、shame, little，realistic等都是常见的、义项众多的英语词汇。因为常见，我们可以比较容易地读懂原文；因为义项众多，我们更需要格外小心，认真揣摩原文，仔细选择适合上下文的内容。翻译是件容易的事情，因为只要粗通外文和中文，就可以把外语译成中文；翻译又是件麻烦的事情，因为好的译文需要精雕细琢，特别得费心、费时和费力。

译题一：Friendships Can Depend on Who You Meet First At their introductory session each student was told to sit in a random seat.Then each trembling newbie had to come up to the front and briefly introduce themselves.Immediately afterwards everyone else rated that person on two scales: how much they liked them and whether they would like to get to know them more(sounds frightening for your first day!).The results showed that people likedthe people who were initially sat next to them.This might not be that surprising: people have had slightly more exposure to those who they were sitting next to.Or people might have felt a certain affinity for those they were sat near...参考译文:

交友中的“近水楼台”

在第一次班会上，研究人员让学生自由就座，初来乍到的学生战战兢兢，硬生生地走上台前，简短介绍自己。随后其他人从两个方面对其评价：首先是喜欢的程度，其次是继续与其交往的欲望（第一天就被人指手划脚听起来够吓人的！）

结果显示，人们意图交往的对象正是起初坐（命中注定）在自己身边的人。这没什么让人吃惊的，它正应验了中国的一句古话：近水楼台先得月。或许因为近在身边，彼此自然就有了一份默契。

每个译者的翻译风格都有所不同，如果把各种不同风格的翻译安排在一根数轴上，可以看到从最素朴的直译到最灵活的意译之间的一种渐变关系。如果观察某一个译者的多次翻译，很容易发现其相对固定的风格。那么这种相对固定的风格又是怎样形成的呢？认知翻译学的研究表明，译者的风格形成是与译者对自我翻译角色的身份认同密不可分的。译者内心的认知反映在外在的翻译中，就形成了不同的风格，这种差异基本上会介于两个极端之间，那就是“作者说话”还是“译者说话”之间。所谓的“作者说话”是指译者纯粹模仿作者的语气说话，在词汇、语法和修辞方面尽量保持原语独有的一些特征；反之，“译者”说话是指译者选择以自己的方式改变原文的某些表达方式，使译文更多的表现出自己的一种风格特征。“作者说话”和“译者说话”不是完全对称的两个概念，而完全的“作者说话”和“译者说话”也是不存在的，翻译中间总是存在着两种声音，用巴赫金的对话理论来解释，翻译中始终存在着“作者”和“译者”的对话，翻译是一种双声部的合唱。

就英译汉而言，体现“作者说话”的翻译往往倾向于保留英语的一些表达方式，而体现“译者说话”的翻译则更多地照顾到汉语的表达习惯，这是从整体的语言差异的角度来看。就个人而言，不同的译者所形成的翻译风格也不同。在中国近代翻译史上，翻译也经历了从“译者说话”到“作者说话”再回到“译者说话”的一种轮回式的发展道路，从早期林纾接近编译的小说翻译，到鲁迅“宁信而勿顺”的直白翻译，再到许渊冲强调“三美”的诗歌翻译，其中的变迁、反复、混杂、调整可见一斑。现代翻译更多地呈一种多元化的状态，不同的译者针对不同的译文和不同的委托人需求，译出不同风格特色的译文，以任何单一标准要求翻译的时代已经过去。然而，“译者说话”和“作者说话”的区分仍然不失为翻译评价的一个角度。

回到具体的翻译点评上，在译题一开头的一个句子中，英语的被动语态是独具特色的语法现象，虽然近来汉语“被”字表达流行，但汉语的“被”字更多的是词汇构成手段，而非纯粹的语法手段，不能因为现在流行“被”字表达方式就认为汉语已经具备照搬英语被动语态的条件。参与翻译的网友选择“被”字结构翻译第一句话的比例很高，占全部译者的一半，在这些使用“被”字结构的翻译中，“被告知”比“被要求”听起来更顺一些。第二段the people who were initially sat next to them中，sat是sit的过去分词，这里sit是及物动词，是“使就座”的意思，这同样是英语被动语态的特色用法，然而此处所有的网友译者都没有使用被动语态，不知是没有看到被动语态还是故意选择忽略。再者就是这里的被动语态的使用给人一种很突兀的感觉，但实际上作者想表达的意思是这样的，起初大家自由选择就座决定了后来跟谁交朋友的结果，多少给人一种命中注定的感觉，这一点在英语中恰好通过被动语态这种语法手段得以表达，因为语言差异，我们可以选择词汇手段来弥补，参见笔者的译文。

至于词汇翻译问题，introductory session是指“起初的自我介绍”的意思，经查原文语境，应该是指第一次开班会，不少网友的翻译能看出是查阅了原文的，这一点值得提倡。Trembling newbie是描写新生的胆怯，身体和声音都可能是发抖的，emilywu73使用“紧张兮兮地”来对译，感觉非常贴切。Rated that person on two scales显然是从专业研究的眼光看问题，rate涉及分级或评分，webweb就翻译成“接下来大家对这个人从两个方面打分”。Exposure的意思这个词是指“暴露在其中”，因此受其影响，这里可以选择意译，“近水楼台先得月”这句翻译就是从这里衍生出来的。假设换一个地方，如果是讨论朋友之间的相互影响的文章，exposure也可以跟汉语的成语“近朱者赤、近墨者黑”联系起来进行翻译。这里使用汉语成语的翻译方式，更多地体现了“译者说话”，但这样的翻译也是有限制的，过了就不好了。

译题二：California English and the “Gay Accent”

Is there such a thing as a “gay accent?” I wouldn't even touch this question were there not a decent amount of scholarly research about it.The notion of “talking gay,” after all, is a staple of homophobic parody.So before going further, let me state that I believe gay men speak with as wide an array of voices as heterosexual men.I don't give credence to the idea of a universal “gay voice.”

That being said, a recent article in American Speech suggests that a certain type of subcultural “gay accent” is not only a measurable phenomenon, but may have a unique relationship to a regional variety of English.参考译文：

加州英语与“男同口音”

您听过“男同口音”一说吗？要不是看到一大堆正儿八经的学术研究成果，我也不会碰触这个话题。毕竟，“像男同一样说话”原本只是恐同者鹦鹉学舌的表演。所以我先声明，在我看来男同们和非男同们一样可以说出字正腔圆的话来，我不相信有一种标准统一的“男同口音”。

然而，最近一期《美国语言》上的一篇文章认为，有一种亚文化叫做“男同口音”，它不仅是一种可以量化的现象，而且也跟一地的英语方言有着密不可分的关系。

译题二涉及当代社会的热门话题，“同性恋问题”。“同性恋”之所以成为问题，则是源于人们长期以来对“同性恋”的偏见态度，而在这一背景下产生的词汇，如“gay accent”，“talking gay”，“gay voice”都难免带有偏见的色彩，因此在翻译这段文字的时候，首先要把握作者对待同性恋的态度。阅读发现作者的态度不仅是严肃的，而且作者还试图批评那种歧视同性恋的态度。

经查词典，gay可以统称“同性恋者”，但主要是指“男同性恋者”，这一点颇似汉语的“同志”一词，即可以指全体同性恋者，但又主要指男同性恋者，由于一些涉及“同性恋”的词汇已经先天带有某些人们的认知态度，要把这些词汇正确翻译成汉语，又能做到不夹杂着个人感情，实在不是一件容易的事情。就拿talking gay而言，不少网友翻译成了“娘娘腔”，这个词本身是带一定偏见性的认知的，这个不是译者的错，是词汇本身的问题。Homophobic parody的意思是“恐同者对同性恋的反讽模仿”，parody带有滑稽性和夸张色彩，目的在于丑化原来的东西。值得一提的是不少网友对talking gay的理解是错误的，首先从语法角度来讲talking gay是现在分词短语，而非动名词短语，再者从词汇的角度讲，talk gay是固定搭配，就是指上文的gay accent，talking gay的意思就是所谓的“娘娘腔”。还有一个词值得注意，staple的语境意思是“主打产品”，因此整句话the notion of “talking gay”, after all, is a staple of homophobic parody的隐含意思是，一些恐惧同性恋的人通过对所谓的“同性恋口音”的滑稽模仿，丑化同性恋的说法方式，使“娘娘腔”这一特征口音固定与同性恋关联，从而形成对同性恋者的社会刻板印象。

最后一段中measurable是“可测量”的意思，没有引申的“重要”的意思，数量研究是社会科学研究的趋势。译题三：Toss Your Expectations Into the Ocean

What's a life without expectations like? It means you accept reality as it is, and people as they are, without expectations, without trying to force people into the containers you have for them, seeing things as they are.It's a life where you don't need to be disappointed or frustrated or angryyou can act in a way that's in accordance with your values, and influence the world, but never have an expectation of how the world will react to your actions.Pay attention to your thoughts.Don't beat yourself up if you have expectations.Just see them.Then toss them in the ocean.参考译文

让奢望见鬼去吧！

没有奢望的生活什么样子？没有奢望的人接受现实的一切，不会量自己的身材，裁他人的衣装。没了奢望，也便没了失望、挫折、愤懑—即便有，也能安然接受，顺其自然。没有奢望并非无所作为—这样的人从本心出发，做影响世界的事情，从不在意他人的眼光。关注自己的思想，有奢望，也别自责，正视奢望，抛诸海洋。

最后这一个译题中，expectations一词的意思不同一般，这本来是一个褒义词，在这里多少有了一些贬义，作者通过自己的写作，意图指出expectations会让我们沮丧、挫折、愤懑，所以笔者这里把expectations翻译成了“奢望”，这里也涉及翻译的一个大问题，我们到底要不要揭示出作者的隐含意义，从翻译的解释性来看，大多数时候这样做是必要的。Sumingyu把标题译成“清心寡欲”，也足见其理解是很到位的。

“Toss you expectations into the ocean”中包含了ocean这样的比喻，是否需要直译出来，这总是一个需要权衡的问题。笔者的译文在标题和结尾处分别采用了意译和直译两种方法。Force people into the containers you have for them，笔者译成“量自己的身材，裁他人的衣装”，化用了汉语成语“量体裁衣”，但反其道而用之，意图表示“拿自己的标准要求别人，把别人的行为纳入自己的轨道中”。

这段文字讨论的是一个抽象的命题，所以作者采用了反复论证的方式，you accept it, and let it go，never have an expectation of how the world will react to your actions，都是从不同的侧面谈论同一个问题，把握好这一点，翻译也就没有困难了。

第二篇：政府工作报告热词翻译

从紧货币政策政府工作报告热词——宏观经济篇稳健财政政策 tight monetary policy

宏观经济调控 prudent fiscal policy政府临时调控 macroeconomic regulation

经济增长模式 government interim intervention固investment

定资产投 mode of economic development

资反弹 a resurgence in fixed asset 货币信贷投放仍然偏多of money and credit

continued excessive supplies 流动性过剩转型过程 excessive liquidity行政手段 transformation process螺旋式通胀 administrative measures通胀压力抑制通胀 inflationary pressurespiraling inflation次贷危机to hold down inflation经济剧烈波动 subprime mortgage crisis

经济过热 drastic fluctuations in the economy防止经济过热 economic overheating促to prevent the economy from adjustment and balanced development

进结构调整和协调发展 to promote overheatingstructural 减disadvantaged group

轻弱势群体负担 ease the burden on the 增加对薄弱环节、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出increase expenditures necessary “to shore up weakto links, improve people's lives and deepen reform”

政府工作报告热词——就业篇严employment

厉打击非法用工 to severely

punish illegal 加强劳动争议处理disputes

to improve the handling of labor 加强劳动保障监察protection measures

to improve oversight for worker 就业促进法劳动合同法Employment Promotion Law城镇登记失业率Labor Contract Law

鼓励创业公共就业服务体系 to encourage business startups

registered urban unemployment rate完善再就业扶持政策 public employment service systemseekers

to improve the aid system for job “零就业”家庭就业机会 zero-employment families非农产业 employment opportunities失业保险制度 nonagricultural sectors

劳workforce

动力总量 unemployment insurance system

大增 a large increase in the total 支持创办小型企业small enterprises

to support citizens to establish 鼓励自谋职业和自主创业jobs on their own or start their own businessesto encourage people to find 加training and training in how to start a business强就业和创业培训 to strengthen vocational 城乡劳动者平等就业制度treats urban and rural workers equally

an employment system that 落实促进残疾人就业政策find more jobs for people with physical and mentalto carry out policies to disabilities

建立帮助零就业家庭解决就业困难长效机制permanent families find jobs

mechanism to help zero-employmentto create a 通过加强就业和创业培训，及支持创办小型企业来扩大就业鼓励自谋职业和自主创业，以"by encouraging andto expand employment strengthening job training, encouraging people to training business start-ups, find establishment of small enterprisesjobs on their own, and supporting the 政府工作报告热词——国企篇国有企业

主要产业 state owned enterprises(SOEs)税收贡献 core business民航所有制结构 civil aviation

tax contributions发展大型粮食基地 ownership structure

bases

to develop large grain production 国state-owned assets

有资产所有权转移 transferring ownership of 完善所有制结构实行政策性关闭破产 to improve ownership structureclosures and bankruptcies

to carry out policy-mandated 建立国有资本经营预算制度for managing state capital

to set up a budget system 国有企业资产总额owned enterprises(SOEs)

the total value of assets of state 国system for state-owned assets

有资产管理体制改革 reform of the management 国distribution and structure of the state sector

有经济布局与结构调整 adjustment of the 建立和完善国有资产出资人制度a system for investors of state assets

to set up and improved 引入国有企业股份制system in SOEs

to institute a stockholding 邮政体制改革振兴老工业基地战略 reform of the postal service systemindustrial bases

strategy of rejuvenating the old 国有企业改革改组改造upgrading SOEs

reforming, reorganizing and 深化国有企业股份制改革convert SOEs into stockholding corporationsto deepen the reform to 加强公司化管理实policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies

行政策引 to improve corporate governance导关闭和破产 to carry out 加economies 快资源枯exploitation

of 竭型cities 城市经济dependent 转型 to transform on resource the 扩大建立国有资产管理预算系统试点experiment state capitalof setting up a budget systemto expand the for managing 引入竞争，to introducing deepen 加强政府管理和公共监督，the 深化垄断企业改革 government regulation and public supervision

competition reform of monopoly and industries strengthening by 严strictly 格国有资产转化为股份制企业的标准程序 to SOEs into stock companies

standardize procedures for transforming 资源型城市经济转型试点of cities dependent on resource exploitationto transform the economies 严格规范国有企业改制和国有产权转让，失防止国有资产流transforming to strictly transferring SOEs into standardize stock procedures for prevent their erosion

ownership of state-owned companies assets and for to 主辅分离，辅业改制businesses former into independent companyfrom theircore to separate SOE's secondary businesses and covert the

能源消耗政府工作报告热词——能源、环境篇

清洁、可再生能源 energy consumption 化学需氧量 clean and renewable energy sources 节能减排目标 chemical oxygen demand

emissions

targets for saving energy and reducing 节reduction technologies

能减排技术 energy conservation and emission 淘汰落后生产企业facilities

to close down backward production 加production facilities

强先进生产能力建设 to develop advanced 城市污水处理能力重点流域的污染防治 urban sewage treatment capacity valleys and regions

pollution control in major river 农村饮用水安全饮用水rural drinking water 污染物排放 safe drinking water 资源节约型、环境友好型社会 emissions of pollutants

and environmentally friendly society

a resource-conserving 抓好重点企业节能和重点工程建设conservation key projects

in key enterprises and to focus on energy construction of 产updating 品质量安全标准制定和修订the formulation or products, drugs and other consumer goods

of national standards for the safety of food 落实电力、钢铁、水泥、煤炭、造纸等行业淘汰落后生产能力计划production facilities in the electricity, steel,implement the plan to close down backward cement, coal and papermaking industries

纠正招商引资中违法违规的做法practices for attracting foreign investmen

to correct illegal 限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分资源性外资项目limitto energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban or ban foreign investment in projects that are foreign exploitation

investment in some areas of resource 提standards would have stricter limits for discharge 高重点流域水污染物的国家排放标准。National of pollutants in key river valleys.节约资源和环境保护要一代一代人持之以恒地进行下去，让conservation 我们的祖国山更绿，水更清，天更continue from generation to generation to make our and environmental protection 蓝。Resource must mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.

第三篇：两会口译热词翻译

东方世纪内部培训资料——笔记法

胡明慧：huminghui0301@yahoo.com.cn

“两会”口译热词精选

opening speech 开幕式致辞

small-and medium-sized enterprises 中小型企业 farmer-turned-entrepreneur 农民企业家 clean energy 清洁能源

basic medical insurance 基本医疗保险

crops' minimum purchase prices 粮食最低收购价 per-capita income 人均收入

window guidance 窗口指导（监管机构利用其在金融体系中特殊的地位和影响，引导金融机构主动采取措施防范风险，进而实现监管目标的监管行为。）propel/expand domestic demand 扩大内需 proactive fiscal policy 积极的财政政策

moderately easy monetary policy 适度宽松的货币政策 rural-urban development divide 城乡差距 government work report 政府工作报告 dairy product standards 乳制品标准

scattered production model 分散生产模式（Such a scattered production model is the fundamental reason that there have been so many food safety incidents.这种分散生产模式是诸多食品安全问题的根源。）administrative transparency 政务透明

bridging loan 过渡性贷款（Bridging, or a bridging loan, is short-term financing made available pending arrangement of intermediate or long-term financing.过渡性贷款是一种在中期或长期融资安排确定前的短期融资）comfortable Housing Project 安居工程 careers guidance 就业指导

东方世纪内部培训资料——笔记法

胡明慧：huminghui0301@yahoo.com.cn three Direct Links “大三通”（通邮、通航、通商）healthcare reform package 医改方案 basic medicine system 基本医疗体制

home appliances going to the countryside 家电下乡 equal Access to Education 教育公平

golden September and silver October 金九银十 rural left-behind population 农村留守人口

issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area 三农问题

three insurances and one fund “三险一金”（养老保险、失业保险、医疗保险和住房公积金）administrative accountability 行政问责制（是指一级政府对现任该级政府负责人、该级政府所属各工作部门和下级政府主要负责人在所管辖的部门和工作范围内由于故意或者过失，不履行或者正确履行法定职责，以致影响行政秩序和行政效率，贻误行政工作，或者损害行政管理相对人的合法权益，给行政机关造成不良影响和后果的行为，进行内部监督和责任追究的制度）。defense budget 国防预算 disaster relief 赈灾

defense expenditure 国防开支

safeguarding our sovereignty and territory 保卫主权和领土完整 top legislative body 最高立法机关 social welfare system 社会福利制度 minimum living standard 最低生活标准

the imbalance between urban and rural areas 城乡发展不平衡 state-run/owned company/enterprise 国有企业 农村留守人口 Rural Left-Behind Population 大三通 Three Direct Links 安居工程 Comfortable Housing Project

第四篇：政府工作报告里的热词翻译

政府工作报告里的热词翻译

供给侧结构性改革；打造众创、众包、众扶、众筹平台；始终以民之所望为施政所向；持之以恒，建设天蓝、地绿、水清的美丽中国…2016政府工作报告里的这些词汇、表述你都会翻译吗？转发收藏，万一考试用到了呢？

Via人民日报

1.“一带一路站略”：“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”

The Belt and Road Initiative: The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road

2.“双随机、一公开”监管：随机抽取检查对象，随机选派执法检查人员，及时公布查处结果

An oversight model drawing on random inspections by randomly selected law enforcement officers or inspectors and requiring the prompt release of results

3.三严三实：严以修身、严以用权、严以律己，又谋事要实、创业要实、做人要实

Three stricts and three honests: Be strict in morals, power and disciplining oneself;be honest in decisions, business and behavior

4.“四个全面”战略布局：全面建成小康社会是我们的战略目标，全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党是三大战略举措

The strategy Of Four comprehensives : Comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society, comprehensively driving reform to a deeper level, comprehensively governing the country in accordance with the law, and comprehensively enforcing strict Partly discipline

5.五大发展理念：创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念

Five development concept of innovation，harmonization, green, openness and sharing

6.“五位一体”总体布局：经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设

Promote all-round economic political, cultural , social ,and ecological progress

7.质量强国、制造强国

Manufacturer of advanced and quality products

8.打造众创、众包、众扶、众筹平台

Platforms will be created for crowd innovation, crowdsourcing, crowd support, and crowd funding

9.天蓝、地绿、水清的美丽中国 A Beautiful China where the sky is blue, the land is green, and the water runs clear

10.精准扶贫脱贫

Targeted poverty alleviation

11.普惠金融和绿色金融

Inclusive and green finance

12.供给侧结构性改革

Supply-side structural reform

13.去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板

Cutting overcapacity, destocking, deleveraging, reducing costs and identifying growth areas

14.大众创业，万众创新 Mass entrepreneurship and innovation

15.医疗、医保、医药联动改革

Coordinated reform of medical services, medical insurance, and the medicine industry

16.政治建军、改革强军、依法治军

Build the armed forces through political work and reform, and run them by law

第五篇：翻译预测之两会热词

蓝天保卫战

make our skies blue again

坚决打好蓝天保卫战。

We will make our skies blue again.数字家庭 digital homes 扩大数字家庭、在线教育等信息消费 We will increase information consumption including digital homes and online learning.数字经济

digital economy 今年网络提速降费要迈出更大不发，年内全部取消手机国内长途和漫游费，大幅降低中小企业互联网专线接入资费，降低国际长途电话费，推动“互联网+”深入发展、促进数字经济加快成长。

This year,we will do more to increase broadband speed and lower rates for Internet

services.Mobile rates for domestic roaming and long-distance calls will be can-celled,rates for broadband services for small and medium enterprises will be slashed, and rates for international calls will be lowered.We will push forward with the Internet Plus action plan and speed up the development of the digital economy.全域旅游

all-for-one tourism 完善旅游设施和服务，大力发展乡村、休闲、全域旅游。We will improve tourist facilities and services,and make a big push to develop rural tourism,recreational tourism, and all-for-one tourism.住房居住属性

housing is people to live in 坚持住房的居住属性，落实地方政府主体责任，加快建立和完善促进 住房地产市场平稳健康发展的长效机制，以市场为主满足多层次需求，以政府为主提供基本保障。

We need to be clear that housing is for people to live in and local goverments should take primary responsibility in this respect.We should move faster to establish robust long-term mechanism for promoting the steady and sound development of the real estate sector, with multiple levels of demand being met primarily by themarket,and basic housing support provided by the government.河长制

river chief system 全面推行河长制，健全生态保护补偿机制。改革为经济社会发展 增添了新动力。

The river chief system was introduced for all lakes and rivers across the country,and the mechanisms for compensating for ecologi-cal conservation efforts wereimproved.Reform has given new impetus to economic and social development.海绵城市

sponge cities 推进海绵城市建设，使城市既有“面子”、更有“里子” Further progress will be made in the devel-opment of spongecities.All these efforts will make our cities more attractive and function better.农村土地“三权分置”

separating rural land ownership rights,contractrights,and management rights 完善农村土地“三权分置”办法，建立贫困退出机制。

We improved measures for separating rural land ownership rights,contract rights,and management rights,and established a mechanism for determining whether people have been lifted out of poverty.清单管理制度

the list-based management system 全面实行清单管理制度，制定国务院部门权力和责任清单，扩大市场准入负面清单试点，减少政府的自由裁量权，增加市场的自主选择权。

We will fully implement the list-based man-agementsystem,formulate lists of powers and responsibilities of the departments under the State Council, expand the piloting of granting market access on the basis of a negative list, and reduce the discretionary powers of the government while giving the market more freedom to take its course.国家公园体制

national parks system 出台国家公园体制总体方案，为生态文明建设提供有力制度保障。We will introduce an overall plan for estab-lishing a national parks system.All these efforts should provide effective institutional safeguards for building a sound ecological environment.人工智能artifical intelligence 第五代移动通信

5G mobile communications 加快新材料、人工智能、集成电路、生物制药、第五代移动通信等技术研发和转化，做大做强产业集群。

We will accelerate R&D on and commercial-ization of new materials,artificial intelli-gence,integrated circuits,bio-pharmacy,5G mobile communications,and other technol-0gies,and develop industrial clusters in these fields.谈改革

我国发展到现在这个阶段，不靠改革创新没有出路。

Having reached the current stage of devel-opment,China can now advance only through reform and innovation.这是一个化蛹为蝶的转型升级过程，既充满希望又伴随阵痛，既非常紧迫又艰巨复杂。要勇往直前，坚决闯过这个关口。

Like the struggle from chrysalis tobutterfly,this process of transformation andupgrad-ing is filled with promise but also accompa-nied by great pain.it isurgent,formidable,andcomplicated.We should press forward with courage and get the job done.谈民生

民生是为政之要，必须时刻放在心头，扛在肩上。The wellbeing of the people is at the center of governance, it must be always on our minds and the responsibility for it must never leave our shoulders.该办能办的实事要竭力办好，基本民生的底线要坚决兜牢。Spare no effort to deliver benefit to them whereverpossible,and ensure their basic living needs are met.谈经济

中国人民有勇气、有智慧、有能力战胜任何艰难险阻，中国经济有潜力、有韧性、有优势，中国的发展前景一定会更好。We the Chinese people have the courage,ingenuity,and ability to overcome any difficulty or hardship.It also shows that the Chinese economy possessespotential,resilience,andstrengths,so we can be sure there is even better development ahead for China.谈简政放权

我们一定要让企业和群众更多感受到“放管服”改革成效，着力打通“最后一公里”，坚决除烦苛之弊、施公平之策、开便利之门。

To see that businesses and the public benefit more from our reforms to streamline administration,delegatepowers,and improve regulation and services,we must cut red tape,level the playing field ,provide greater convenience,and remove that last crucial hurdle.谈全球化

中国是负责任的国家，作出的承诺一直认真履行，应有的权益将坚决捍卫。China is a responsible country.We have always striven to honor the commitments we have made,and we will firmly defend our due rights and interests.谈环境治理

必须科学施策、标本兼治、铁腕治理，努力向人民群众交出合格答卷。We must adopt well-designed policies,tackle both symptoms and root causes,and take tough steps to make the grade in responding to the people.对偷排、造假的，必须严厉打击，对执法不力、姑息纵容的，必须严肃追究，对空气质量恶化、应对不力的，必须严格问责。Illegal dischargers and fraud will be severely penalized.Officials who do a poor job in enforcing the law,knowingly allow environ-mental violations,or respond inadequately to worsening air quality will be held fully accountable.治理雾霾人人有责，贵在行动、成在坚持。全社会不懈努力，蓝天必定会一年比一年多起来。Tackling smog is down to every last one of us, and success depends on action and commitment.As long as the whole of our society keeps trying,we will have more and more blue skies with each passing year.谈政府建设

广大公务员要持廉守正，干干净净为人民做事。

All public servants must have integrity,beupright,and get on honestly with their jobs of serving the people.各级政府及其工作人员要干字当头。Governments at all levels and all government employees must make it our priority to get things done.真抓实干、埋头苦干、结合实际创造性地干。

In performing duties,we should work hard,in a down-to-earth way,and we should be innovative as actual conditions allow.不能纸上谈兵、光说不练。

It's no good to just push paper and pay lipservice.给干事者鼓励，为担当者撑腰。

Support those who are dedicated to their work and stand behind those who live up to their responsibilities.谈中国“质造”

质量之魂，存于匠心。

Quality is born of workmanship.要大力弘扬工匠精神，厚植工匠文化，恪尽职守操守，崇尚精益求精，培育众多“中国工匠” 打造更多享誉世界的“中国品牌”，推动中国经济发展进入质量时代。

We will promote workmanship and foster a culture of workmanship where workers have a strong work ethic and tirelessly seek improvement.We will great numbers of Chinese workers exemplify workmanship and more Chinese brands enjoy interna-tional recognition.We will usher in an era of quality for economic development in China.谈奋斗

使命重在担当，实干铸就辉煌。

A new historical mission awaits us ,and with hard work we will achieve great success.