第一篇：2015年China Daily常见热词翻译一
2015年China Daily常见热词翻译
（一）港务局 port office;harbor authority 高保真音乐 hi-fi music 高材生 top student 高层次、全方位的对话 high-level and all-directional dialogue 高产优质 high yield and high quality 告吹 fizzle out;fall through;fail 高等教育“211工程” the “211” Project for higher education 高等教育自学考试 self-study higher education examination 高度自治 high degree of autonomy 高端产品 high-end product 高发期 high-incidence season 高分低能 high scores and low abilities 高峰 peak time 高峰论坛 summit forum 高干 high-ranking official;senior cadre 高杠杆交易机构 highly-leveraged institutions(HLI)高官会 Senior Officials Meeting(SOM)搞花架子 do something superficial 搞活国营大中型企业 invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 告急 be in an emergency;report an emergency;ask for emergency help 高级检察官 senior public procurator 高级经理人员 high-level managerial personnel;senior personnel 高级商务师 certified business executive;senior business engineer;high-level economist;senior commercialist 高级设备 sophisticated equipment 高技术产业化 apply high technology to production 高架公路 elevated highway;overhead road 高架轻轨 elevated railway 高精尖技术 high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology 高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想 hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of “Three Represents” 高考 college(or university)entrance examination 高科技板块 high-tech sector 高难度动作 stunner, stunt 高清晰度 high definition 高清晰度电视 high definition TV 高手 master hand, expert(精通电脑和网络的)高手 geek 高危人群 high-risk group 高消费 high consumption 高效节能 energy-efficient 高校扩招后首批毕业生 college graduates who were the first to be enrolled under the college expansion of 1999 高校扩招计划 college expansion plan 告小状 secretly report on somebody;rat on somebody 高新技术产业开发区 high-tech industrial development zone 高新技术产业化 industrial application of new and high technologies 高压手段 high-pressure tactics 高原反应,高山反应 altitude stress;altitude sickness 高知 high-level intellectual 高指标 high target 高致病性禽流感 highly pathogenic bird flu 个案 individual case(involving special circumstances)各大菜系 major styles of cooking 个股 individual share 各行各业 every walk of life 隔行扫描 interlacing scan 各尽所能 let each person do his best;from each according to his ability 各就各位 On your marks!隔离病房 isolation ward(公路)隔离带 median strip 格列佛游记 Gulliver's Travels 革命老区 old revolutionary base areas 革命气派 revolutionary mettle 革命伤残军人 disabled revolutionary servicemen 鸽派 dove faction 个人成就感 sense of personal achievement 个人储蓄帐户 personal savings account 个人购房贷款 individual housing loan 个人结算帐户 personal clearing account 个人理财计划 personal financing plan 各人民团体 mass organizations 个人收入应税申报制度 the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment 个人收入调节税 individual(personal)income regulation tax 个人数字助理 PDA(personal digital assistant)个人所得税 personal income tax 个人信用制度 individual credit rating system 个人演唱会 solo concert 个人银行卡帐户 personal bank card account 个人质押贷款 personal pledged loan 各人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜 hoe one's own potatoes 个体户，个体经营 privately or individually-owned business 个体经济 private economy 根本政治制度 fundamental political system 跟屁虫 1.one's shadow;to tag along;2.flatterer, boot licker, ass-kisser, brown-noser 跟着感觉走 go with the flow;follow one's heart;do what one thinks is right 跟踪审计 follow-up auditing 更加注重搞好宏观调控，更加注重统筹兼顾，更加注重以人为本 pay more attention to exercising macro-control, balancing the interests of all parties, putting people first.更快、更高、更强(奥运精神)Citius, Altius, Fortius(Faster, Higher, Stronger--Olympic Spirit)《更紧密经贸关系的安排》 CEPA;Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement 个人隐私 individual privacy 各种所有制金融企业 financial enterprises of different ownership 工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting 共产党领导下的多党合作与政治协商 multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of Communist Party 工程公司 engineering company 工程验收 acceptance check of work 公房商品化 commercialization of public housing 公费旅游 junket;facility trip 公费医疗 free medical service;free medicare;public health service 功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.工夫茶 congou--a kind of Chinese black tea prepared with care 功夫片 kungfu film 公告板服务 Bulletin Board Service(BBS)公共卫生设施 public health infrastructure 公关 public relations 攻关 tackle a critical point 攻关计划 the Program for Tackling Key Problems 公积金 public accumulation fund;public reserve funds 公检法机关 public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts 公开喊价市场 open outcry market 公款吃喝 recreational activities using public funds 工龄工资 seniority pay 公民投票 referendum;plebiscite 公平定价 arm's-length pricing 公平合理 fairness and justifiableness 工商局 industrial and commercial bureau 工商联营 combined management of industry and commerce 工时 man-hour 公司分立与解散 separation and dissolution of a company 公私合营 public-private joint management 公司债券 corporate bonds 共同安全 common security 共同富裕 common prosperity 共同利益 common interests 公务员 civil servant 恭喜发财 May you be prosperous!;Wish you prosperity.工薪阶层 salaried person/group 公休 work recess 供养资金 funding 工业股票 industrial stock 工业化和城镇化水平levels of industrialization and urbanization 工业控制一体化 integrated industrial control;industrial control of integration 工业停滞 industrial stagnation 工业园区 industrial park 公益广告 public-interest ad 公益活动 public benefit activities 公益林 public welfare forest 公益性文化事业 non-profit cultural undertakings 公益性文化事业 non-profit cultural undertakings 公证 notary service 公证财产 notarize the properties 公正、公平、公开 just, fair and open 公众投资 public investments 工资税 payroll tax 工资削减 pay-cut 工作狂 workaholic 工作室 studio 工作午餐 working lunch 公平竞争 fair competition 公开或变相涨价 to raise prices openly or in convert forms 公司犯罪 corporate abuse / crime / cheat / fraud / wrongdoing / misconduct 共同关心的问题 issue of common concern 共同基金 mutual funds 公有制 public ownership 公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度 the basic economic system of keeping public ownership as the mainstay of the economy and allowing diverse forms of ownership to develop side by side 购买力 purchasing power 购买欲 desire to buy;desire to purchase 狗腿子 henchman;lackey;hired thug 购物车 shopping trolley 购物券 coupon 构想 conceptualization 狗仔队 “dog packs;paparazzo(singular), paparazzi(plural)(It refers to those journalists who are hunting the news of celebrities.)” 股本 share capital 股本回报率 return on equity 股本金 equity capital 固定电话运营商 fixed-line telecom carrier 固定电话初装费 installation fees for fixed-line telephones 固定资产投资 investment in the fixed assets 股东会 board of shareholders 股份公司 joint-stock company 股份合作制 shareholding cooperative system 有限责任公司 limited liability company 股份有限公司 limited liability company 股份制 shareholding system;joint-stock system 骨干企业 key enterprise 鼓励奖 consolation prize 股民 investor 股票期权 the stock option 股票转让制度 the stock-transfer system 股市行情 the ups and downs of the stock market 股指 stock index 刮鼻子 criticize;reprimand 挂靠 be attached or affiliated to;be subordinate to 挂靠户 an adjunct organization 挂牌开业 hang out one's shingle;put one's name plate in(a certain street)挂职 1)take a temporary post(in order to temper oneself);2)serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the previous unit 挂职下放 transfer to lower units with one's post retained 关闭效应 blackout effect 观潮派 those who take a wait-and-see attitude;fence-straddler 观光电梯 sightseeing(tourist)lift 关联交易 connected transaction 关贸总协定(世界贸易组织的前身)GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)关门态度 closed-door attitude 官商 state-operated commerce 关税壁垒 customs barrier;tariff wall 关税配额 tariff quota 关停并转 close down, suspend operation, merge with others or shift to different line of production;rationalize 观望态度 wait-and-see attitude 关系网 connection network;relationship network 关于进一步加强农村教育工作的决定 Decision on Further Strengthening Rural Education 冠状病毒 corona virus 广播电视大学 radio and television university 光碟，光盘 compact disk;CD 广而告之 publicize widely 广告词 jingle 广告代理行 advertising agent 广告电话直销 direct response advertising 广告画 poster 广告妙语 attention-getter 广告人 advertising man;adman 广告宣传车 loudspeaker van;sound truck 光谷 optical valley 光机电一体化 “optical, mechanical and electronic integration”
第二篇：chinadaily热词
港务局 port office;harbor authority
高保真音乐 hi-fi music
高材生 top student
高层次、全方位的对话 high-level and all-directional dialogue
高产优质 high yield and high quality
告吹 fizzle out;fall through;fail
高等教育“211工程” the “211” Project for higher education
高等教育自学考试 self-study higher education examination
高度自治 high degree of autonomy
高端产品 high-end product
高发期 high-incidence season
高分低能 high scores and low abilities
高峰 peak time
高峰论坛 summit forum
高干 high-ranking official;senior cadre
高杠杆交易机构 highly-leveraged institutions(HLI)
高官会 Senior Officials Meeting(SOM)
搞花架子 do something superficial
搞活国营大中型企业 invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises
告急 be in an emergency;report an emergency;ask for emergency help
高级检察官 senior public procurator
高级经理人员 high-level managerial personnel;senior personnel
高级商务师 certified business executive;senior business engineer;high-level economist;senior commercialist
高级设备 sophisticated equipment
高技术产业化 apply high technology to production
高架公路 elevated highway;overhead road
高架轻轨 elevated railway
高精尖技术 high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology
高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想 hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of “Three Represents”
高考 college(or university)entrance examination
高科技板块 high-tech sector
高难度动作 stunner, stunt
高清晰度 high definition
高清晰度电视 high definition TV
高手 master hand, expert
(精通电脑和网络的)高手 geek
高危人群 high-risk group
高消费 high consumption
高效节能 energy-efficient
高校扩招后首批毕业生 college graduates who were the first to be enrolled under the college expansion of 1999
高校扩招计划 college expansion plan
告小状 secretly report on somebody;rat on somebody 高新技术产业开发区 high-tech industrial development zone
高新技术产业化 industrial application of new and high technologies
高压手段 high-pressure tactics
高原反应,高山反应 altitude stress;altitude sickness
高知 high-level intellectual
高指标 high target
高致病性禽流感 highly pathogenic bird flu
个案 individual case(involving special circumstances)
各大菜系 major styles of cooking
个股 individual share
各行各业 every walk of life
隔行扫描 interlacing scan
各尽所能 let each person do his best;from each according to his ability
各就各位 On your marks!
隔离病房 isolation ward
(公路)隔离带 median strip
格列佛游记 Gulliver's Travels
革命老区 old revolutionary base areas
革命气派 revolutionary mettle
革命伤残军人 disabled revolutionary servicemen
鸽派 dove faction
个人成就感 sense of personal achievement
个人储蓄帐户 personal savings account
个人购房贷款 individual housing loan
个人结算帐户 personal clearing account
个人理财计划 personal financing plan
各人民团体 mass organizations
个人收入应税申报制度 the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment
个人收入调节税 individual(personal)income regulation tax
个人数字助理 PDA(personal digital assistant)
个人所得税 personal income tax
个人信用制度 individual credit rating system
个人演唱会 solo concert
个人银行卡帐户 personal bank card account
个人质押贷款 personal pledged loan
各人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜 hoe one's own potatoes
个体户，个体经营 privately or individually-owned business
个体经济 private economy
根本政治制度 fundamental political system
跟屁虫 1.one's shadow;to tag along;2.flatterer, boot licker, ass-kisser, brown-noser
跟着感觉走 go with the flow;follow one's heart;do what one thinks is right
跟踪审计 follow-up auditing
更加注重搞好宏观调控，更加注重统筹兼顾，更加注重以人为本 pay more attention to exercising macro-control, balancing the interests of all parties, putting people first.更快、更高、更强(奥运精神)Citius, Altius, Fortius(Faster, Higher, Stronger--Olympic Spirit)
《更紧密经贸关系的安排》 CEPA;Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement
个人隐私 individual privacy
各种所有制金融企业 financial enterprises of different ownership
工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting 工程公司 engineering company
工程验收 acceptance check of work
公房商品化 commercialization of public housing
公费旅游 junket;facility trip
公费医疗 free medical service;free medicare;public health service
功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.工夫茶 congou--a kind of Chinese black tea prepared with care
功夫片 kungfu film
公告板服务 Bulletin Board Service(BBS)
公共卫生设施 public health infrastructure
公关 public relations
攻关 tackle a critical point
攻关计划 the Program for Tackling Key Problems
公积金 public accumulation fund;public reserve funds
公检法机关 public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts
公开喊价市场 open outcry market
公款吃喝 recreational activities using public funds
工龄工资 seniority pay
公民投票 referendum;plebiscite
公平定价 arm's-length pricing
公平合理 fairness and justifiableness
工商局 industrial and commercial bureau
工商联营 combined management of industry and commerce
工时 man-hour
公司分立与解散 separation and dissolution of a company
公私合营 public-private joint management
公司债券 corporate bonds
共同安全 common security
共同富裕 common prosperity
共同利益 common interests
公务员 civil servant 恭喜发财 May you be prosperous!;Wish you prosperity.工薪阶层 salaried person/group
公休 work recess
供养资金 funding
工业股票 industrial stock
工业化和城镇化水平levels of industrialization and urbanization
工业控制一体化 integrated industrial control;industrial control of integration
工业停滞 industrial stagnation
工业园区 industrial park
公益广告 public-interest ad
公益活动 public benefit activities
公益林 public welfare forest
公益性文化事业 non-profit cultural undertakings
公益性文化事业 non-profit cultural undertakings
公证 notary service
公证财产 notarize the properties
公正、公平、公开 just, fair and open
公众投资 public investments
工资税 payroll tax
工资削减 pay-cut
工作狂 workaholic
工作室 studio
工作午餐 working lunch
公平竞争 fair competition
公开或变相涨价 to raise prices openly or in convert forms
公司犯罪 corporate abuse / crime / cheat / fraud / wrongdoing / misconduct
共同关心的问题 issue of common concern
共同基金 mutual funds
公有制 public ownership
公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度 the basic economic system of keeping public ownership as the mainstay of the economy and allowing diverse forms of ownership to develop side by side
购买力 purchasing power
购买欲 desire to buy;desire to purchase
狗腿子 henchman;lackey;hired thug
购物车 shopping trolley
购物券 coupon
构想 conceptualization
狗仔队 “dog packs;paparazzo(singular), paparazzi(plural)(It refers to those journalists who are hunting the news of celebrities.)”
股本 share capital
股本回报率 return on equity
股本金 equity capital
固定电话运营商 fixed-line telecom carrier
固定电话初装费 installation fees for fixed-line telephones
固定资产投资 investment in the fixed assets
股东会 board of shareholders
股份公司 joint-stock company
股份合作制 shareholding cooperative system
有限责任公司 limited liability company
股份有限公司 limited liability company
股份制 shareholding system;joint-stock system
骨干企业 key enterprise
鼓励奖 consolation prize
股民 investor
股票期权 the stock option
股票转让制度 the stock-transfer system
股市行情 the ups and downs of the stock market
股指 stock index
刮鼻子 criticize;reprimand
挂靠 be attached or affiliated to;be subordinate to
挂靠户 an adjunct organization
挂牌开业 hang out one's shingle;put one's name plate in(a certain street)
挂职 1)take a temporary post(in order to temper oneself);2)serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the previous unit
挂职下放 transfer to lower units with one's post retained
关闭效应 blackout effect
观潮派 those who take a wait-and-see attitude;fence-straddler
观光电梯 sightseeing(tourist)lift
关联交易 connected transaction 关门态度 closed-door attitude
官商 state-operated commerce
关税壁垒 customs barrier;tariff wall
关税配额 tariff quota
关停并转 close down, suspend operation, merge with others or shift to different line of production;rationalize
观望态度 wait-and-see attitude
关系网 connection network;relationship network
关于进一步加强农村教育工作的决定 Decision on Further Strengthening Rural Education
冠状病毒 corona virus
广播电视大学 radio and television university
光碟，光盘 compact disk;CD
广而告之 publicize widely
广告词 jingle 广告代理行 advertising agent
广告电话直销 direct response advertising
广告画 poster
广告妙语 attention-getter
广告人 advertising man;adman
广告宣传车 loudspeaker van;sound truck
光谷 optical valley
光机电一体化 “optical, mechanical and electronic integration”
第三篇：chinadaily总结词
AA制 Dutch treatment;go Dutch A股市场 A share market
爱尔兰共和军 Irish Republic Army(IRA)爱国民主人士 patriotic democratic personages 爱国统一战线 patriotic united front 爱国卫生运动 patriotic sanitation campaign “爱国者”导弹 Patriot missile 爱丽舍宫 Elysée Palace 爱鸟周 Bird-Loving Week 爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog.爱心工程 Loving Care Project 艾滋病(获得性免疫缺陷综合征)AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
矮子里拔将军 choose a general from among the dwarfs--pick the best out of a mediocre bunch 安家费 settling-in allowance 安检级别 security level(Fights broke out among angry passengers at Beijing Capital International Airport on Sunday morning, after the security level for domestic flights was raised from level three to level two.周日上午，北京首都国际机场国内航班的安检级别从三级升至二级，导致部分情绪激烈的旅客发生了冲突。)按键式电话 push-botton phone;Touch-Tone;keyphone 安静地铁 low-noise subway(The vibration control technique will be applied to Subway Line 4, making for a low-noise commute in Beijing.减振技术将用于地铁4号线，打造北京安静地铁。)安乐死 euthanasia 安理会 Security Council 安全岛 safety strip 安全第一，预防为主 Safety first, precaution crucial.安全检查 security overhaul 安全隐患 potential risk
安全专项整治 carry out more special programs to address safty problems 按时足额发放基本养老金 pay the pensions of retirees on time and in full 安慰奖 consolation prize 暗箱操作 black case work 按资排辈 to assign priority according to seniority 按成本要素计算的国民经济总值 GNP at factor cost 安第斯集团峰会（拉美国家）Andean Summit（手机）按键 keypad 按键音 keypad tone 按揭贷款 mortgage loan
按揭购房 to buy a house on mortgage;to mortgage a house
有计划按比例发展 planned, proportionate development;develop proportionately;develop in a planned, proportionate way
安居工程 Comfortable Housing Project
按距离计费 vary the charge according to how far away the destination is 按劳分配 distribution according to one's performance 暗恋 unrequited love;fall in love with someone secretly 安全行车 safe driving 奥林匹克精神 the Olympic ideals;the Olympic spirit 澳门特别行政区 the Macao Special Administrative Region 奥委会 Olympic Committee 澳门大三巴牌坊 Ruins of St.Paul
奥姆真理教 Japanese Aum Doomsday Cult 奥运火炬护跑手 escort runner 奥运人家 Olympic homestays(The “Olympic homestays” program offers foreign visitors a chance to experience Beijing citizens’ real lives.“奥运人家”项目为外国游客提供机会，让他们充分体验地道的北京市民生活。)奥运圣火采集仪式 Olympic flame lighting ceremony
奥运特许商品 Olympic merchandise;franchised goods for Olympic Game 奥运中心区 Olympic Common Domain(The Olympic Common Domain is set to open to the public free of charge Friday, the Beijing Times reported Wednesday.But tickets are needed to visit the Olympic venues, such as the Bird's Nest, the Water Cube and the National Indoor Stadium.Prior to the reopening, the OCD return such facilities as security check roofs to the national Olympic committee.《京华时报》8日报道，奥林匹克公园中心区拟于周五向游客免费开放，但鸟巢、水立方、国家体育馆等奥运场馆仍需购票游览，票价尚未确定。据悉，此次开放前中心区将向奥组委归还安检棚等临时物资。)迎面相撞 head-on collision(2012-05-09)
十字路 cross road(2012-05-08)
连环撞 chain collision(2012-05-07)
车行道 carriage-way(2012-05-04)
交警 traffic police(2012-05-03)
交通转盘 traffic circle(2012-05-02)
停车计时器 parking meter(2012-04-28)
停车标志 stop mark(2012-04-27)
路标 guidepost(2012-04-26)
交通规则 traffic regulation(2012-04-24)
沙发商务 couch commerce(2012-04-23)
反季淘 off-season shopping(2012-04-20)
可持续城镇化 sustainable urbanization(Supporting sustainable urbanizationthe so-called “no-car day”.30岁的陈晓宇（音译）周二请（税务）局退还今年他所缴纳的部分车船使用税，因为他和所有其他北京驾车者一样，每周都有一天因为首都的“无车日”车辆限行政策而不能开车。)车船使用税 vehicle and vessel tax(Thirty-year-old Chen Xiaoyu asked the office on Tuesday to refund part of the vehicle and vessel tax he has paid this year because he, like all other Beijing drivers, is not able to drive one day each week as a result of the car limitation policy in the capital-the so-called “no-car day”.30岁的陈晓宇（音译）周二请（税务）局退还今年他所缴纳的部分车船使用税，因为他和所有其他北京驾车者一样，每周都有一天因为首都的“无车日”车辆限行政策而不能开车。)扯后腿 hold(or pull)somebody back;be a drag on somebody 车牌摇号 license-plate lottery(Starting on Friday, car registration will be allocated by a license-plate lottery system.从周五开始，车辆登记将采用车牌摇号的方式进行。)扯皮 shirk;pass the buck 撤侨 evacuation of nationals(China on Saturday decided to hasten evacuation of its nationals from Libya, as Chinese aviation authorities prepare 15 planes per day during the next two weeks to carry home citizens stranded in the northern African country.我国于上周六决定加快从利比亚撤侨。在未来两周，中国民航将每天派出15架飞机接运滞留在利比亚的中国同胞回国。)彻头彻尾的反动政治势力 an out and out reactionary political force 撤销原案 rescind the case 撤销职务 annul one's position;dismiss...from;be stripped of;remove...from 车行道 carriage-way 车展 auto show(Ford plans to introduce its Edge sports utility vehicle(SUV)at the upcoming Beijing Auto Show this month in a bid to tap fast-growing demand for SUVs among Chinese customers.福特公司计划在本月的北京车展上展出Edge 越野车（SUV），以便开发中国消费者快速增长的SUV车型需求。)撤职 remove from the post(The chief of the coal mine was removed from his post in the wake of a fatal gas blast.由于煤矿发生瓦斯爆炸事故，煤矿矿长被撤职。)车间主任 Workshop Manager 车辆购置税 vehicle purchase tax 晨练 morning exercise 沉没成本 sunk cost 趁热打铁 make hay while the sun shines;strike while the iron is hot 尘云 dust clouds 城镇居民人均可支配收入 urban per capita disposable income 城镇社会保障体系 urban social security system 惩办主义 doctrine of punishment 承包经营权 contract for the managerial right 承包经营权 contract for the managerial right 成本分摊 sharing costs 成本价` cost price 成本效益 cost-effectiveness 成本效益分析 cost-efficiency analysis 成分指数 component index 承购包销 underwrite 成活率 survival rate 城际高铁 intercity high-speed rail(The intercity high-speed rail line connecting Nanchang and Jiujiang in East China's Jiangxi province began operation on Monday, as part of the long-term plan of the railway network in China.The new train service would cover the 135-km journey in 45 minutes.连接江西省南昌市和九江市的城际高铁本周一开始运行，这是我国铁路运输长期规划项目之一。新城际高铁将把135公里路程的运行时间缩短至45分钟。)城际列车 inter-city train 成吉思汗 Genghis Khan 承建 contract to build 乘客集散点 passenger flow collector-distributor point 程控电话 computerized telephone 程控交换台 program-controlled telephone switchboard 惩前毖后，治病救人 learn from past mistakes and avoid future ones, and to cure the sickness to save the patient 成人礼 coming-of-age ceremony(High school graduates, dressed in the traditional Han costumes, take part in a coming-of-age ceremony in Jinan, East China's Shandong province on June 19, 2011.2011年6月19日，身穿汉服的高中毕业生在山东省济南市参加了成人礼。)成人中等职业技术教育 adult secondary vocational and technical education 成人中等专科学校 secondary specialized(technical)school for adults 橙色预警 orange alert(The National Meteorological Center issued an orange alert, saying snow and sleet will sweep across central, eastern and southern regions from Friday night through Saturday.中央气象台发布暴雪橙色预警，预计周五晚到周六我国中部、东部、南部地区将有新一轮强降雪。)城市病 urban diseases(Big cities in China are on the brink of a major shortfall in resources and infrastructure capacity, under a problem termed “urban diseases,” a new report has warned.一项最新报道警告，中国大城市正濒临严重的资源短缺、基础设施承载能力不足等一系列城市问题，这些问题被统称为“城市病”。)城市规划 city's landscaping plan;urban planning 城市合作银行 urban cooperative bank 城市基础设施建设 the city's infrastructure construction 城市建设 urban construction 城市景观 townscape 城市经济学 urban economics 城市竞争力 urban competitiveness(“The pattern of urban competitiveness in the world is changing dramatically, and Chinese cities are rapidly upgrading their rankings,” Ni Pengfei, a CASS professor, said at a press briefing in Beijing.中国社科院的教授倪鹏飞在北京的一个新闻发布会上说：“全球城市竞争力格局正在发生剧烈变化，中国城市的排名正迅速提高。”)城市居民自治 self-governance by urban residents 城市居民最低生活保障 subsistence allowances for the urban poor 城市恐惧症 urbiphobia 城市垃圾 city refuse 城市绿地 urban open space;urban green land 城市绿化 urban landscaping 城市美容师 urban environmental worker 城市热岛效应 urban heat island effect(According to the latest statistics from the China Meteorological Administration, about one-fourth of the temperature rise caused by climate warming can be blamed on the “urban heat island effect.” 根据中国气象局的最新统计，在气候变化导致的气温上升中，大约有1/4是由城市热岛效应导致的。)城市生活无着的流浪乞讨人员的救助管理办法 Measures for Assisting Vagrants and Beggars with No Means of Support in Cities 城市运动会 municipal athletics meet 成事在天，谋事在人 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven;Man proposes, God disposes 成套引进 package import 成为国际共识 become a consensus of the international community 乘务员 vehicular attendant;conductor 城乡低收入居民 low-income residents in both town and country 城乡电网改造 projects for upgrading urban and rural power grids 城乡特殊困难群众 urban and rural residents with special difficulties 成药 patent medicine 成药 patent medicine 城镇职工医疗保险制度改革 medical insurance for urban workers 城镇职工基本医疗保险制度 basic medical insurance system for urban working people 城镇住房公积金 urban housing provident fund 承办单位 organizer 承包 contract with 成份指数 component index 成吉思汗 Genghis Khan 成名歌曲 break-out song, break-out single 承前启后，继往开来 inherit the past and forge ahead into the future 成人高考 the national higher education exams for self-taught adults 成人用品店 adult shop 成人中等专科学校 secondary specialized /technical school for adults 城市低保对象 urban residents entitled to basic living allowances 城市固定资产投资 urban fixed-asset investment 城市规划 city's landscaping plan;urban planning 城市和国有企业厂办大集体 collectively owned factories operated by state-owned enterprises and cities 城市户口 permanent urban residence certificate 城市流浪乞讨人员 urban vagrants and beggars 城市中年雅皮士 muppie（一批中年专业人士，附庸风雅，矫揉造作cutesification，崇尚竟品至上boutiqueification，攀比银行存款bankification等摆阔作风，由middle-aged urban yuppie缩合而成）城乡结合部 rural-urban fringe zone 城乡信用社 credit cooperatives in both urban and rural areas 承销商 underwriter 诚信企业 high-integrity enterprise;enterprise of integrity 成组技术 group technology 车牌号 license plate number 车险 auto insurance 吃饱穿暖 eat their fill and dress warmly;have enough to eat and wear;have adequate food and clothing 持币待购 wait to buy with cash in hand 赤潮 red tide(which appear on the ocean)迟到卡 late card(Subway lines in the Shanghai municipality and Guangzhou will hand out “late cards” to commuters affected by train delays and other traffic reasons so they can get exemption from punishment by employers such us wage deduction, Beijing Morning Post reported.据《北京晨报》报道，上海、广州地铁给受到地铁晚点和其他故障原因影响的乘客发放“迟到卡”，使其免受老板扣工资的惩罚。)吃饭财政 payroll finance;mouth-feeding budget-----a large proportion of the budget has been earmarked for paying salaries of government functionaries 吃干醋 be jealous;be green with envy 吃皇粮 receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government 赤脚医生 barefoot doctor(Chinese political advisors on Saturday called for more support forbarefoot doctors serving the country's vast rural areas.政协委员呼吁，政府应给予“赤脚医生”更多的关注和支持，以服务广大农村地区。)吃劳保 live on labor insurance allowance 吃老本 live on one's own fat;bask in one's past glory;rest on one's laurels, eat on one's own principals, live off one's past gains or achievements 痴迷者 addict 吃偏饭 enjoy special privilege 赤贫人口 people living in absolute poverty;destitute population 持平hold the line 吃闲饭 stay idle 吃香 be very popular;be most welcome;be in great demand 吃小亏占大便宜 lose a little but gain much;take small losses for the sake of big gains 持续、稳定、协调发展 sustained, stable and coordinated development 吃大锅饭 “egalitarian practice of ”“everybody eating from the same big pot”“ ” 吃豆腐 take advantage of 充电 recharge one's batteries;update one's knowledge;brush up(on)充电电池 rechargeable batteries 冲动性购买 impulse buying;impulse shopping 充分调动积极性和创造性 give full play to the initiative and creativity 充分利用两个市场，两种资源 fully utilize both domestic and international markets and resources 重复建设 redundant project;duplication of similar projects 重复生产 duplication of production 重复引进 introduction of redundant technical facilities;importation of redundant technical facilities 冲剂 dissolved medicines;instant herbal medicines 冲击波（电脑病毒）Blaster 冲浪艇 surfboat 宠物医院 pet clinic 宠物专线 pets-only airline(Pet Airways, an American-based airline, plans to begin service on July 14 as the country's first pets-only airline.美国第一家只服务“宠物旅客”的航空公司——宠物航空公司计划于7月14日开始运营。)冲销账目 write off accounts 崇洋媚外 worship things foreign and fawn on foreign countries 冲账 strike a balance;counter-balance accounts;reverse an entry 充值卡 rechargeable card 充值卡 prepaid phone card 筹备委员会 preparatory committee 抽调 transfer a portion 筹划指导委员会 steering committee 抽检 spot check 抽奖 lucky draw 臭老九 stinking ninth category(of class enemies next to landlords, reactionaries and even spies, etc., a term of abuse by ultra-Leftists for teachers and other educated people in the 1966-1976 Cultural Revolution)抽杀成功 hit through 抽样调查 sample survey 筹资 raised capital/proceeds 筹资渠道 fundraising channels 储备基金 reserve funds 储币待购 save for purchases 初步候选人 preliminary candidate 除草剂 weed killer 出场费 appearance fee(The British singer earns an enormous sum of money as he demands an appearance fee of ￡1000 for a single appearance.这位英伦歌手收入不菲，他一次出场费就高达1000英镑。)出风头 show off;in the limelight 出国热 craze for going abroad 出家 pravrajana;cloister 出境签证 exit visa 出境游 outbound tourism;outbound travel 出口创汇型产业 export-oriented industry 出口创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise 出口创汇能力 capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports
export control(Hi-tech export control is among the topics, including anti-protectionism and intellectual property rights, to be discussed between Chinese and US trade officials during Obama's visit, said Yao Jian, spokesperson for the Ministry of Commerce at a briefing yesterday in Beijing.商务部发言人姚坚昨天在北京举行的吹风会上表示，奥巴马访华期间，中美商务官员的会晤议题包括（对华）高技术出口管制、反贸易保护主义、以及保护知识产权等。)出口加工区 export processing zone;area for processing export products 出口卖方信贷 seller's credit on exports 出口退税机制 export tax rebate system 出口退税率 export rebate rate 出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods;export(tax)rebate 出口押汇 bill purchased(B/P);outward documentary bill 出口转内销 domestic sales of commodities originally produced for exports 处理存货 sell-off 处理价格 bargain price;reduced price 处理品 items for disposal 出笼 release a bad publication, plan, etc.触摸屏 touchscreen 出难题偏题 raise out-of-the-way and catchy questions 处女作 maiden work(In 1994, he got a bank loan for his maiden work.他1994年为自己的处女作拿到了一笔银行贷款。)出气筒 punching bag 出勤率 attendance rate 出入平安 Safe trip wherever you go 除“四害” eliminate the four pests---rats, bedbugs, flies and mosquitoes 出台 unveil fresh policy 出线资格 finals berth(Ecuador had to win their home game knowing it would be difficult to beat a confident Chile side who secured their finals berth with an impressive 4-2 away win over Colombia, joining the already qualified Brazil and Paraguay.厄瓜多尔必须在这场主场比赛中获胜，并深知击败自信的智利队困难重重。智利队在之前以精彩的4比2的比分客场战胜哥伦比亚队，已取得出线资格。此前获得出线资格的（南美球队）还有巴西和巴拉圭。)出行调查 trip survey 除烟叶外，取消农业特产税 all taxes on special agricultural products will be repealed except for tobacco 储运 storage and transport 出租业务 leasing 传媒 media 传染病防治法 law on the prevention and control of infectious diseases 传染性疾病 communicable disease 穿梭外交 shuttle diplomacy 传统产业 conventional industries 船务公司 shipping service company 传销 pyramid-selling;multi-level marketing 穿小鞋 make it hot for;make trouble for 穿新鞋走老路 wearing new shoes to walk on the old path;change in form but not in content;put old wine in new wineskins 穿越剧 time-travel TV series(Time-travel TV series “Bu Bu Jing Xin,” or “Startling by Each Step,” began broadcasting on TV on September 10, 2011.Ratings of the show rose to nearly 7 percent in the first two days.The show has been searched on the Internet more than one million times in the first three days and the number is still increasing.Most of the audience gave the show high marks.穿越剧《步步惊心》于2011年9月10日在电视上开播，头两天的收视份额就达到了近7%。该剧开播头三天网络搜索量就破百万，而且数量还在增加。大部分观众都给该剧打了高分。)穿针引线 act as go-between 穿帮 goof, mistake(Incorrectly regarded as goofs: Gimli attempts to smash the ring with an axe which is completely destroyed, breaking into several pieces.In the next shot the pieces are missing and, when he pledges his axe to Frodo several minutes later, the axe is suddenly intact.In fact, he snatches the axe of the dwarf next to him to attack the ring.)创建卫生城市 build an advanced clean city 创刊号 inaugural issue(The official English-language journal of the Guangzhou 2010 Asian Games launched its inaugural issue on Monday as the southern city headed into the last 60 days before the opening of the Games.本周一，在距离广州亚运会开幕倒计时60天之际，广州2010年亚运会的英文官方会刊创刊号正式发行。)窗口行业 service trade 创利 generate profit 创业板 Growth Enterprise Board(Investors can apply to open accounts to trade stocks on the Growth Enterprise Board beginning on Wednesday.创业板开户报名工作15日开始启动。)创业精神 enterprising spirit;pioneering spirit、创业者 start-up 创业园 high-tech business incubator;pioneer park 创意 new idea or concept 创新型国家 innovation-oriented country 创作型歌手 singer-composer 传染病 communicable disease;infectious disease（歌手的）出道歌曲 first / debut single 垂直管理 vertical management 垂直贸易 vertical trade 吹风会(advanced)briefing 出境游客 outbound tourist 出口信贷 export credit 纯净水 purified water 春困 spring fever(Drinking tea is a good way to prevent spring fever.喝茶是预防春困的好办法。)春运(passenger)transport during the Spring Festival 春蕾计划 Spring Buds Program 《春秋》 Spring and Autumn Annals 春运(passenger)transport during the Spring Festival 处世之道 philosophy of life 初为人母 first-time mother;new mother 次大陆 subcontinent 磁卡电话 magnetic card telephone 慈善餐会 giveaway buffet(L.A.launches annual Thanksgiving giveaway buffet—Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa hosted the city's annual Thanksgiving giveaway Tuesday as similar charity events took place throughout the city, two days ahead of the official holiday.洛杉矶举办一年一度的感恩节慈善餐会——洛杉矶市长安东尼奥•维拉莱果萨本周二主持了该市一年一度的感恩节慈善餐会，类似的慈善活动在距离感恩节正式到来还有两天的时候就在全城开展起来了。)此地无银三百两 A guilty person gives himself away by consciously protesting his innocence.次级抵押贷款 subprime mortgage 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new;ring out the old year and ring in the new 次级债券 subordinated bond 次区域合作 sub-regional cooperation 次生地质灾害 secondary geological disaster 次新股 sub-new stock 磁悬浮列车 Maglev train(magnetically levitated train), magnetic suspension train 从零开始 start from scratch 从群众中来，到群众中去 from the masses, to the masses 从众心理 group psychology 从众行为 the behavior of blindly conforming to the norm 从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy 凑份子 club together 粗放经营 extensive management 粗放型 extensive form 粗加工产品 rough-wrought product 促进对外贸易多元化 diversify our trading partners;promote the diversification of foreign trade 促进经济发展和社会全面进步 promote economic development and social progress in an all-around way 促进区域协调发展 promoting the coordinated development of all regions 促销 promote sales;promotion 粗放经营 extensive operation 粗放式管理 extensive management 催泪弹 tear gas 促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy 促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products 粗口 four-letter word 存储能力 storage capacity “村村通广播电视”工程 project “extend radio and TV coverage to every village” 存量资本 stock of capital 村办企业 village-run enterprise 存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits 存款单 certificates of deposits 存款准备金制度 reserve against deposit system 存款准备金率 ratio of deposits, deposit-reserve ratio 村民委员会 villagers committee 错时上下班 staggered rush hour plan(More buses and trains needed for staggered rush hour plan—As many as 800,000 commuters in Beijing will change their rush hour schedules as the new adjusted-work-hour policy kicks off on Monday.错时上下班方案需更多公交和地铁列车配合——周一开始实行新的错时上下班政策后，北京80万上班族的上下班的时间将有所调整。)
第四篇：政府工作报告热词翻译
从紧货币政策政府工作报告热词——宏观经济篇稳健财政政策 tight monetary policy
宏观经济调控 prudent fiscal policy政府临时调控 macroeconomic regulation
经济增长模式 government interim intervention固investment
定资产投 mode of economic development
资反弹 a resurgence in fixed asset 货币信贷投放仍然偏多of money and credit
continued excessive supplies 流动性过剩转型过程 excessive liquidity行政手段 transformation process螺旋式通胀 administrative measures通胀压力抑制通胀 inflationary pressurespiraling inflation次贷危机to hold down inflation经济剧烈波动 subprime mortgage crisis
经济过热 drastic fluctuations in the economy防止经济过热 economic overheating促to prevent the economy from adjustment and balanced development
进结构调整和协调发展 to promote overheatingstructural 减disadvantaged group
轻弱势群体负担 ease the burden on the 增加对薄弱环节、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出increase expenditures necessary “to shore up weakto links, improve people's lives and deepen reform”
政府工作报告热词——就业篇严employment
厉打击非法用工 to severely
punish illegal 加强劳动争议处理disputes
to improve the handling of labor 加强劳动保障监察protection measures
to improve oversight for worker 就业促进法劳动合同法Employment Promotion Law城镇登记失业率Labor Contract Law
鼓励创业公共就业服务体系 to encourage business startups
registered urban unemployment rate完善再就业扶持政策 public employment service systemseekers
to improve the aid system for job “零就业”家庭就业机会 zero-employment families非农产业 employment opportunities失业保险制度 nonagricultural sectors
劳workforce
动力总量 unemployment insurance system
大增 a large increase in the total 支持创办小型企业small enterprises
to support citizens to establish 鼓励自谋职业和自主创业jobs on their own or start their own businessesto encourage people to find 加training and training in how to start a business强就业和创业培训 to strengthen vocational 城乡劳动者平等就业制度treats urban and rural workers equally
an employment system that 落实促进残疾人就业政策find more jobs for people with physical and mentalto carry out policies to disabilities
建立帮助零就业家庭解决就业困难长效机制permanent families find jobs
mechanism to help zero-employmentto create a 通过加强就业和创业培训，及支持创办小型企业来扩大就业鼓励自谋职业和自主创业，以"by encouraging andto expand employment strengthening job training, encouraging people to training business start-ups, find establishment of small enterprisesjobs on their own, and supporting the 政府工作报告热词——国企篇国有企业
主要产业 state owned enterprises(SOEs)税收贡献 core business民航所有制结构 civil aviation
tax contributions发展大型粮食基地 ownership structure
bases
to develop large grain production 国state-owned assets
有资产所有权转移 transferring ownership of 完善所有制结构实行政策性关闭破产 to improve ownership structureclosures and bankruptcies
to carry out policy-mandated 建立国有资本经营预算制度for managing state capital
to set up a budget system 国有企业资产总额owned enterprises(SOEs)
the total value of assets of state 国system for state-owned assets
有资产管理体制改革 reform of the management 国distribution and structure of the state sector
有经济布局与结构调整 adjustment of the 建立和完善国有资产出资人制度a system for investors of state assets
to set up and improved 引入国有企业股份制system in SOEs
to institute a stockholding 邮政体制改革振兴老工业基地战略 reform of the postal service systemindustrial bases
strategy of rejuvenating the old 国有企业改革改组改造upgrading SOEs
reforming, reorganizing and 深化国有企业股份制改革convert SOEs into stockholding corporationsto deepen the reform to 加强公司化管理实policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies
行政策引 to improve corporate governance导关闭和破产 to carry out 加economies 快资源枯exploitation
of 竭型cities 城市经济dependent 转型 to transform on resource the 扩大建立国有资产管理预算系统试点experiment state capitalof setting up a budget systemto expand the for managing 引入竞争，to introducing deepen 加强政府管理和公共监督，the 深化垄断企业改革 government regulation and public supervision
competition reform of monopoly and industries strengthening by 严strictly 格国有资产转化为股份制企业的标准程序 to SOEs into stock companies
standardize procedures for transforming 资源型城市经济转型试点of cities dependent on resource exploitationto transform the economies 严格规范国有企业改制和国有产权转让，失防止国有资产流transforming to strictly transferring SOEs into standardize stock procedures for prevent their erosion
ownership of state-owned companies assets and for to 主辅分离，辅业改制businesses former into independent companyfrom theircore to separate SOE's secondary businesses and covert the
能源消耗政府工作报告热词——能源、环境篇
清洁、可再生能源 energy consumption 化学需氧量 clean and renewable energy sources 节能减排目标 chemical oxygen demand
emissions
targets for saving energy and reducing 节reduction technologies
能减排技术 energy conservation and emission 淘汰落后生产企业facilities
to close down backward production 加production facilities
强先进生产能力建设 to develop advanced 城市污水处理能力重点流域的污染防治 urban sewage treatment capacity valleys and regions
pollution control in major river 农村饮用水安全饮用水rural drinking water 污染物排放 safe drinking water 资源节约型、环境友好型社会 emissions of pollutants
and environmentally friendly society
a resource-conserving 抓好重点企业节能和重点工程建设conservation key projects
in key enterprises and to focus on energy construction of 产updating 品质量安全标准制定和修订the formulation or products, drugs and other consumer goods
of national standards for the safety of food 落实电力、钢铁、水泥、煤炭、造纸等行业淘汰落后生产能力计划production facilities in the electricity, steel,implement the plan to close down backward cement, coal and papermaking industries
纠正招商引资中违法违规的做法practices for attracting foreign investmen
to correct illegal 限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分资源性外资项目limitto energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban or ban foreign investment in projects that are foreign exploitation
investment in some areas of resource 提standards would have stricter limits for discharge 高重点流域水污染物的国家排放标准。National of pollutants in key river valleys.节约资源和环境保护要一代一代人持之以恒地进行下去，让conservation 我们的祖国山更绿，水更清，天更continue from generation to generation to make our and environmental protection 蓝。Resource must mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.
第五篇：热词翻译学习
译题一：Take a Break from Work: One-Year Sabbatical to Travel Do you secretly thought of what you think is a great project: a long journey? A gap year is just for you, to see the end of the world.Bid farewell to the daily routines.With a little planning and a maximum of passion for life, this great dream can come true, without being too complicated or expensive!
Who has not dreamed to temporarily leave work, family, friendsto go on an adventure? Far, very far at the other end of the world.参考译文：忙里偷闲：休假一年逍遥游
你曾经暗自想过度长假这样的好事吗？“空档年”正好适合你去远方旅游观光。彻底放下日常工作吧。轻装简行，满怀激情，无需过分劳神烦心，也不必挥金洒银，这一美梦就可成真。
谁没有梦想过暂离工作、辞别亲友、把千头万绪的繁杂事务抛诸脑后，然后去游历探险呢？让我们浪迹天涯，放逐心灵吧。
现代社会生活节奏快，竞争激烈，如果能够有闲度假散心，必定是一件非常惬意的事情。本文中，具有鲜明英美特色的”sabbatical year” 和“gap year”就是人们梦寐以求的假期。动笔翻译之前，我们应该想方设法弄清楚这些短语的确切含义和文化内涵。“sabbatical year”源于ancient Judea（古罗马统治的巴勒斯坦南部地区），指安息年，即古代犹太人每七年让土地休耕的一年（A year during which land remained fallow, observed every seven years by the ancient Jews）。现在多指公休假或带薪年假，“（美国等）大学给教授每七年一次的带薪休假，用于休息、旅游或研究等（“a leave often with pay granted usually every seventh year(as to a college professor)for rest, travel, or research”）。“Gap year（空档年）是一个英国词儿，指学生离开学校一段时间，经历一些学习以外的事情，比如外出旅行或者工作”。也有人把它译作“间隔年”（http://www.xiexiebang.com/group/topic/8864099/）。有兴趣的读者可以在上面的网页中了解到关于“gap year”的详细信息。类似的英语表达还有career break等。笔者以为，文中的这两则短语已经不再局限于上述含义，而泛指各种各样的假期。网友hy3638把gap year译作“学业间断的一年”，可谓非常忠实的翻译。
“To see the end of the world”和文末的“Far，very far at the other end of the world”并非意味着一定要到天涯海角去度假。这是一种比喻的说法，即把整日为之操心忙碌、无法摆脱的生活、工作、学习等种种羁绊和烦恼都统统放下，仿佛这一切都远在天边、遥不可及。Bid farewell to 进一步强化了这层含义。牛津高阶的定义如下：(bid/say)farewell to sb/sth：(have)no more of sb/sth 不再（有某人[某事物]）。所以，笔者把它们分别译作“远方”和“让我们浪迹天涯，放逐心灵吧”（后一句根据张明权老师的意见修改）。笔者的原译是“心远地自偏”，套用了陶渊明的诗句。欢迎各位网友批评和讨论。
许多网友把project译作“计划”或“工程”，complicated译作“复杂”，adventure译作“冒险”等。从上下文来看，这些译法都显得有些生硬，不够贴切，和本文的主题“度假”有些不大合拍。举例来说，Adventure除了“冒险”的含义之外，还有“不寻常的、激动人心的”经历之意。这层含义正契合了旅游度假的主要目的：休闲和放松身心，增长见识，领略异国他乡的风土人情。马克?吐温的The Adventures of Tom Sawyer记述的正是一些童年趣事。“译题二”中描写的梦境“incredible and comical adventures”当然也不能算作“冒险”。
译题二：Understanding your dreams Prosecution, cold sweats, incredible and comical adventures...Our imaginations give it to the heart while we are asleep.Far from trivial, movies that pass before our eyes are meaningful.The ancients saw the vehicle between God and people.We now know that dreams lead us deep within ourselves.They advise us, guide us, and send us the signals when things do not go in right direction.Dreams can solve our problems, make us more creative and even heal us.Our nights offer us valuable tools.It would be a shame if we do not learn to use them.参考译文：理解梦景
检举告发，冷汗涔涔，匪夷所思而又滑稽可笑的惊险状况„„。在睡梦中，我们的想象天马行空。梦中的景象绝对不是无关紧要的，它们具有丰富的含义。古人把梦看作是神仙和凡人之间的沟通工具。现在，我们知道，梦引领我们了解自己的内心深处。它们给予我们忠告或指导。当事情不对劲时，它们会向我们发送信号。梦能够解决我们的问题，使我们更具创造性，甚至可以疗伤治病。黑夜向我们提供了宝贵的工具。如果我们不学会善加利用它们，那真是太可惜了。
首先来看一下标题的翻译。提到“解梦”，我们第一个想到的是“对梦中所发生的事情进行解释”，与之对应的英文是interpret或interpretation，如奥地利著名精神分析专家弗洛伊德(Freud)的名著“Interpretation of Dreams”。因此，不宜用“解梦”来翻译本文的题目。Understand的意思是“理解，懂得或领会”。笔者以为，根据本文的内容，译作“理解梦景”比较妥当。
中英文都普遍存在着一词多义的现象。正确的理解原文是准确把握词义、保证翻译质量的必要前提。要做到正确的理解原文首先要有扎实的外文基础和渊博的文化背景知识。阅读和理解原文时，我们必须在众多的词义中慎重地筛选和甄别，找出适合上下文内容的义项，然后用相应的中文来翻译。
本文中容易理解和翻译错误的单词有movie, vehicle, God、shame等。从上下文来判断，“movie”应该指的是梦中所看到的一幕幕景象，而不是我们平时所说的“电影”或“电影情节”，我们因之可以直译为“在我们眼前浮现的一幕幕影像”，或者意译为“梦景”、“梦中的景象”等。受思维习惯的影响，网友分别把“vehicle”译作“汽车”、“机动车”、“工具”、“交通工具”等。这些都是“vehicle”的常用义项，但显然不适用于本文讨论的梦、人和神之间的关系。牛津高阶给出的vehicle的另一义项“means by which thought, feeling, etc.can be expressed 表达思想﹑感情等的工具或手段”正好符合文中“梦联系神和人”之意。因此，笔者把它译作“沟通工具”。有网友把它译作“媒介”、“沟通方式”、或“沟通渠道”也是可以接受的译法。God可以指希腊罗马等神话中的诸神，也可以是基督教、犹太教和伊斯兰教中的宇宙主宰，即上帝、造物主、天主或真主。如果本文针对的是宗教信仰各异的普通读者群，那么god应该指的是普遍意义上的“神”或者“神仙”，而不可以简单地译作“上帝”。Shame既可以指“羞愧”、“惭愧”、“负罪感”，也可以是“遗憾”、“可惜”、“不应该的事情”等。大部分网友都能够准确地理解和把握这一含义。“遗憾”、“令人惋惜的事”、“太可惜了”都是正确的和可行的译法。
值得一提的是，网友“xieyx021”和“空谷幽兰”翻译的“神会托梦与人”、网友lj329的把“when things do not go in right direction”译作“事情不对劲儿时”，既忠实原文，也是比较地道的中文表达。
译题三：Learn to say NO
Saying no is not in itself a very difficult task.It relates everything that is in our minds with this little word, which makes it so difficult to pronounce.Before you learn to say no, you must first identify the nature of the thoughts that accompany the word.You say yourself “If I say no, others will discredit me and not call me anymore” or “I always say yes so that others will like me?” If this is the case, it is likely that these thoughts are false and you make absolute die hard.To rectify this, a strategy is to ask yourself if your conclusions are realistic and that will make you to really use it.The mere awareness of your thoughts will excessively help you to be free.参考译文：学会说“不”
说“不”本身并非难事。“不”字虽不起眼，但是关乎我们内心的各种想法，以至于把它说出来非常困难。学会说“不”之前，你必须首先弄清自己的想法。你对自己说：“如果我说„不‟，别人会不信任我，以后不再找我”或者“我一直说„是‟，这样别人就会喜欢我？”如果是这种情形，那么十有八九这些想法是不明智的，而且你很难根除它们。要改正这一点，一种做法是问问自己，最后把你的想法如实告诉对方。这样的话，你就会真正地使用“不”了。单单是弄清自己的想法就会令你感到无比得轻松自由。
和前面的两段文字相比，这段文字浅显易懂，翻译起来相对轻松些。不过，有些词语的翻译仍然需要依据上下文来认真对待。稍有不慎，就可能造成“差之毫厘，失之千里”的后果。许多网友直接忽视了第二句的“this little word”的“little”，可能是觉得它无足轻重，没必要翻译出来。有网友直接把它译作“小词”、“小小的字”或“小小的单词”。这样的译法可谓“直译有余，意译不足”，没有能够尽可能地表达作者的意思。作者先用little一词来修饰no，说明no这个词看起来非常简单、微小、不重要。在后面的论述中，作者又用“discredit”、“realistic”、“false”、“awareness”、“thought”、“free”等词来围绕着no进行论证，采用先抑后扬的手法来说明no的重要性，所以我们没有理由不把little翻译出来。False除了“错误的，不正确的”的含义之外，还有“虚假的；欺骗的，不诚实的；不聪明的”等含义。大部分网友都被它的常用含义“欺骗”，将之译成了“错误的”。我们很难判断一个人说或者不说“不”是不是正确，但是我们可以说他的说“不”与否是不是“明智的”。
网友的译文中，错误比较多的是“die hard”的翻译。“Die hard”是一动词短语，意思是“顽固到底；难以根除，或需要很长时间才能灭绝”等。从上下文的讨论中，我们可以看出die hard指的是一个人，因为日久成习，很难彻底根除“是否拒绝别人”的这种思维方式或不够明智的心态。读懂原文之后，我们可以很自然地把它译作“很难根除它们”。网友445664876@qq.com和johnan的“很难改掉这种习惯”、shangxian.yue的“难以根除”，teresa22和zly-julie的“很难改掉”都是比较不错的翻译。Realistic一词的翻译一直让我比较纠结。从上下文来看，作者的意思应该是在经过思考和斟酌之后，如果因为自己的能力、客观条件等种种原因而无法答应别人的请求时，一个人应该实事求是地向别人说“不”，而不是碍于脸面，勉为其难地答应别人。意思明了之后，寻找对应的汉语表达方面又颇费周折。“符合实际情况”、“实事求是”、“现实可行的”、“注重实际的”、“实际可行的”等总显得有些拗口，没有充分地表达出这层意思。最后，笔者选择了“最后把你的想法如实告诉对方”，其中既有直译，也有意译。
从以上的评论中我们可以看到，project，complicated, adventure, movie, vehicle, God、shame, little，realistic等都是常见的、义项众多的英语词汇。因为常见，我们可以比较容易地读懂原文；因为义项众多，我们更需要格外小心，认真揣摩原文，仔细选择适合上下文的内容。翻译是件容易的事情，因为只要粗通外文和中文，就可以把外语译成中文；翻译又是件麻烦的事情，因为好的译文需要精雕细琢，特别得费心、费时和费力。
译题一：Friendships Can Depend on Who You Meet First At their introductory session each student was told to sit in a random seat.Then each trembling newbie had to come up to the front and briefly introduce themselves.Immediately afterwards everyone else rated that person on two scales: how much they liked them and whether they would like to get to know them more(sounds frightening for your first day!).The results showed that people likedthe people who were initially sat next to them.This might not be that surprising: people have had slightly more exposure to those who they were sitting next to.Or people might have felt a certain affinity for those they were sat near...参考译文:
交友中的“近水楼台”
在第一次班会上，研究人员让学生自由就座，初来乍到的学生战战兢兢，硬生生地走上台前，简短介绍自己。随后其他人从两个方面对其评价：首先是喜欢的程度，其次是继续与其交往的欲望（第一天就被人指手划脚听起来够吓人的！）
结果显示，人们意图交往的对象正是起初坐（命中注定）在自己身边的人。这没什么让人吃惊的，它正应验了中国的一句古话：近水楼台先得月。或许因为近在身边，彼此自然就有了一份默契。
每个译者的翻译风格都有所不同，如果把各种不同风格的翻译安排在一根数轴上，可以看到从最素朴的直译到最灵活的意译之间的一种渐变关系。如果观察某一个译者的多次翻译，很容易发现其相对固定的风格。那么这种相对固定的风格又是怎样形成的呢？认知翻译学的研究表明，译者的风格形成是与译者对自我翻译角色的身份认同密不可分的。译者内心的认知反映在外在的翻译中，就形成了不同的风格，这种差异基本上会介于两个极端之间，那就是“作者说话”还是“译者说话”之间。所谓的“作者说话”是指译者纯粹模仿作者的语气说话，在词汇、语法和修辞方面尽量保持原语独有的一些特征；反之，“译者”说话是指译者选择以自己的方式改变原文的某些表达方式，使译文更多的表现出自己的一种风格特征。“作者说话”和“译者说话”不是完全对称的两个概念，而完全的“作者说话”和“译者说话”也是不存在的，翻译中间总是存在着两种声音，用巴赫金的对话理论来解释，翻译中始终存在着“作者”和“译者”的对话，翻译是一种双声部的合唱。
就英译汉而言，体现“作者说话”的翻译往往倾向于保留英语的一些表达方式，而体现“译者说话”的翻译则更多地照顾到汉语的表达习惯，这是从整体的语言差异的角度来看。就个人而言，不同的译者所形成的翻译风格也不同。在中国近代翻译史上，翻译也经历了从“译者说话”到“作者说话”再回到“译者说话”的一种轮回式的发展道路，从早期林纾接近编译的小说翻译，到鲁迅“宁信而勿顺”的直白翻译，再到许渊冲强调“三美”的诗歌翻译，其中的变迁、反复、混杂、调整可见一斑。现代翻译更多地呈一种多元化的状态，不同的译者针对不同的译文和不同的委托人需求，译出不同风格特色的译文，以任何单一标准要求翻译的时代已经过去。然而，“译者说话”和“作者说话”的区分仍然不失为翻译评价的一个角度。
回到具体的翻译点评上，在译题一开头的一个句子中，英语的被动语态是独具特色的语法现象，虽然近来汉语“被”字表达流行，但汉语的“被”字更多的是词汇构成手段，而非纯粹的语法手段，不能因为现在流行“被”字表达方式就认为汉语已经具备照搬英语被动语态的条件。参与翻译的网友选择“被”字结构翻译第一句话的比例很高，占全部译者的一半，在这些使用“被”字结构的翻译中，“被告知”比“被要求”听起来更顺一些。第二段the people who were initially sat next to them中，sat是sit的过去分词，这里sit是及物动词，是“使就座”的意思，这同样是英语被动语态的特色用法，然而此处所有的网友译者都没有使用被动语态，不知是没有看到被动语态还是故意选择忽略。再者就是这里的被动语态的使用给人一种很突兀的感觉，但实际上作者想表达的意思是这样的，起初大家自由选择就座决定了后来跟谁交朋友的结果，多少给人一种命中注定的感觉，这一点在英语中恰好通过被动语态这种语法手段得以表达，因为语言差异，我们可以选择词汇手段来弥补，参见笔者的译文。
至于词汇翻译问题，introductory session是指“起初的自我介绍”的意思，经查原文语境，应该是指第一次开班会，不少网友的翻译能看出是查阅了原文的，这一点值得提倡。Trembling newbie是描写新生的胆怯，身体和声音都可能是发抖的，emilywu73使用“紧张兮兮地”来对译，感觉非常贴切。Rated that person on two scales显然是从专业研究的眼光看问题，rate涉及分级或评分，webweb就翻译成“接下来大家对这个人从两个方面打分”。Exposure的意思这个词是指“暴露在其中”，因此受其影响，这里可以选择意译，“近水楼台先得月”这句翻译就是从这里衍生出来的。假设换一个地方，如果是讨论朋友之间的相互影响的文章，exposure也可以跟汉语的成语“近朱者赤、近墨者黑”联系起来进行翻译。这里使用汉语成语的翻译方式，更多地体现了“译者说话”，但这样的翻译也是有限制的，过了就不好了。
译题二：California English and the “Gay Accent”
Is there such a thing as a “gay accent?” I wouldn't even touch this question were there not a decent amount of scholarly research about it.The notion of “talking gay,” after all, is a staple of homophobic parody.So before going further, let me state that I believe gay men speak with as wide an array of voices as heterosexual men.I don't give credence to the idea of a universal “gay voice.”
That being said, a recent article in American Speech suggests that a certain type of subcultural “gay accent” is not only a measurable phenomenon, but may have a unique relationship to a regional variety of English.参考译文：
加州英语与“男同口音”
您听过“男同口音”一说吗？要不是看到一大堆正儿八经的学术研究成果，我也不会碰触这个话题。毕竟，“像男同一样说话”原本只是恐同者鹦鹉学舌的表演。所以我先声明，在我看来男同们和非男同们一样可以说出字正腔圆的话来，我不相信有一种标准统一的“男同口音”。
然而，最近一期《美国语言》上的一篇文章认为，有一种亚文化叫做“男同口音”，它不仅是一种可以量化的现象，而且也跟一地的英语方言有着密不可分的关系。
译题二涉及当代社会的热门话题，“同性恋问题”。“同性恋”之所以成为问题，则是源于人们长期以来对“同性恋”的偏见态度，而在这一背景下产生的词汇，如“gay accent”，“talking gay”，“gay voice”都难免带有偏见的色彩，因此在翻译这段文字的时候，首先要把握作者对待同性恋的态度。阅读发现作者的态度不仅是严肃的，而且作者还试图批评那种歧视同性恋的态度。
经查词典，gay可以统称“同性恋者”，但主要是指“男同性恋者”，这一点颇似汉语的“同志”一词，即可以指全体同性恋者，但又主要指男同性恋者，由于一些涉及“同性恋”的词汇已经先天带有某些人们的认知态度，要把这些词汇正确翻译成汉语，又能做到不夹杂着个人感情，实在不是一件容易的事情。就拿talking gay而言，不少网友翻译成了“娘娘腔”，这个词本身是带一定偏见性的认知的，这个不是译者的错，是词汇本身的问题。Homophobic parody的意思是“恐同者对同性恋的反讽模仿”，parody带有滑稽性和夸张色彩，目的在于丑化原来的东西。值得一提的是不少网友对talking gay的理解是错误的，首先从语法角度来讲talking gay是现在分词短语，而非动名词短语，再者从词汇的角度讲，talk gay是固定搭配，就是指上文的gay accent，talking gay的意思就是所谓的“娘娘腔”。还有一个词值得注意，staple的语境意思是“主打产品”，因此整句话the notion of “talking gay”, after all, is a staple of homophobic parody的隐含意思是，一些恐惧同性恋的人通过对所谓的“同性恋口音”的滑稽模仿，丑化同性恋的说法方式，使“娘娘腔”这一特征口音固定与同性恋关联，从而形成对同性恋者的社会刻板印象。
最后一段中measurable是“可测量”的意思，没有引申的“重要”的意思，数量研究是社会科学研究的趋势。译题三：Toss Your Expectations Into the Ocean
What's a life without expectations like? It means you accept reality as it is, and people as they are, without expectations, without trying to force people into the containers you have for them, seeing things as they are.It's a life where you don't need to be disappointed or frustrated or angryyou can act in a way that's in accordance with your values, and influence the world, but never have an expectation of how the world will react to your actions.Pay attention to your thoughts.Don't beat yourself up if you have expectations.Just see them.Then toss them in the ocean.参考译文
让奢望见鬼去吧！
没有奢望的生活什么样子？没有奢望的人接受现实的一切，不会量自己的身材，裁他人的衣装。没了奢望，也便没了失望、挫折、愤懑—即便有，也能安然接受，顺其自然。没有奢望并非无所作为—这样的人从本心出发，做影响世界的事情，从不在意他人的眼光。关注自己的思想，有奢望，也别自责，正视奢望，抛诸海洋。
最后这一个译题中，expectations一词的意思不同一般，这本来是一个褒义词，在这里多少有了一些贬义，作者通过自己的写作，意图指出expectations会让我们沮丧、挫折、愤懑，所以笔者这里把expectations翻译成了“奢望”，这里也涉及翻译的一个大问题，我们到底要不要揭示出作者的隐含意义，从翻译的解释性来看，大多数时候这样做是必要的。Sumingyu把标题译成“清心寡欲”，也足见其理解是很到位的。
“Toss you expectations into the ocean”中包含了ocean这样的比喻，是否需要直译出来，这总是一个需要权衡的问题。笔者的译文在标题和结尾处分别采用了意译和直译两种方法。Force people into the containers you have for them，笔者译成“量自己的身材，裁他人的衣装”，化用了汉语成语“量体裁衣”，但反其道而用之，意图表示“拿自己的标准要求别人，把别人的行为纳入自己的轨道中”。
这段文字讨论的是一个抽象的命题，所以作者采用了反复论证的方式，you accept it, and let it go，never have an expectation of how the world will react to your actions，都是从不同的侧面谈论同一个问题，把握好这一点，翻译也就没有困难了。
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