复旦大学英语专业毕业论文

第一篇：复旦大学英语专业毕业论文

继续教育学院 本科毕业论文

Analysis of Gatsby’s Character in the Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》——浅析盖茨比的人物性格

学 号： 14705020XXXX 专业名称： 英 语 年 级： 14级专升本 姓 名： 张三三 指导老师： 李四四

2016年X月X日

Analysis of Gatsby’s Character in the Great Gatsby

Zhang Sansan 14705020XXXX The Department of English

Supervisor: Li Sisi

A Thesis Submitted to English Department of

Fudan University

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts

Fudan University

2016

Acknowledgements

I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to all those who helped me in the course of composing the thesis.First of all, I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, XXX.Without his/her patient instruction and professional guidance, this thesis could not have reached its present form.Secondly, I am also greatly indebted to all the instructors who have instructed me.The knowledge they imparted me laid a solid foundation for the completion of my thesis.Finally, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my family and friends.When I am in trouble, they always encourage me greatly and help me out.I am deeply inspired by their constant support and encouragement.Their help and trust in me stimulate me to be a better me.i

Abstract

Fitzgerald is one of the most outstanding American novelists in the 20th century.The Great Gatsby, which was elaborately created by him, is widely considered his finest work.The thesis aims to analyze the character of Jay Gatsby, protagonist of this novel, and thus to further discuss how Gatsby’s character influences his destiny.The author first briefly summarizes main content of this novel, introduces Fitzgerald’s personal experience and analyzes the writing background of this novel as well as the symbolic significance of its tragic outcome.In the discussion parts, the author divides Gatsby's character into two aspects: the positive side and the negative side.In each part, the author picks up two of the most typical features respectively and supports these arguments with examples and cited words.Finally the author sums up what is demonstrated above and further expounds how Gatsby’s character influences his destiny.Key Words: Fitzgerald, Gatsby, Character Analysis

ii

中文摘要

菲茨杰拉德是20世纪美国最优秀的小说家之一，《了不起的盖茨比》则被广泛认为是他最优秀的作品。本文旨在分析小说的主人公盖茨比的人物性格，从而进一步论述人物性格对人物命运的影响。作者首先简要地概括了小说的主要内容，介绍了小说作者菲茨杰拉德的个人经历，分析了小说的创作背景以及小说悲剧结局的象征意义。在论述部分，作者将盖茨比的人物性格分为积极性和消极性两方面。各部分中，作者又分别挑选了最为强烈的两种性格加以举例论证和引用论证。最后作者对本文的论述加以概括并进一步深入分析人物性格对人物命运的影响。

关键词：菲茨杰拉德，盖茨比，性格分析

iii

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................i Abstract in English......................................................................................................ii Abstract in Chinese.....................................................................................................iii

Introduction..................................................................................................................1 Chapter One Duteous and Determined Gatsby.....................................................3 Chapter Two Illusory and Injudicious Gatsby.......................................................5 Conclusion....................................................................................................................7

Works Cited..................................................................................................................9

Introduction

Francis Scott Fitzgerald was born in the year of 1896.He is widely considered one of the most outstanding American writers of the 20th century, whose works are the paradigmatic writings of the Jazz Age.Throughout his literary career, he has composed four well-known novels, which was entitled This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, The Great Gatsby as well as Tender Is the Night.The Love of the Last Tycoon, Fitzgerald’s fifth and unfinished novel, was published after his death.Undoubtedly, The Great Gatsby is the most influential among all his works.It still has a profound influence worldwide.After World War Ⅰ, American society enjoyed unprecedented level of prosperity.In the 1920s, Americans abandoned themselves to hold sumptuous parties and have a good time.They moved their body with the rhythms of the jazz music and danced to the beats.Crumbled traditional Puritan morality and flourished new hedonism in this age.This is the jazz age——a time of wonder, a time of art, a time of big spenders, but also a mockery of the time.(Fitzgerald, flyleaf)Under such historical background, The Great Gatsby came into existence.To summarize, The Great Gatsby is a story depicting the disillusion of American Dream.It is told through the eyes of Nick Carraway.Jay Gatsby, a young man coming from rural North Dakota, is born in an impoverished peasant family.Throughout his persistent efforts, he becomes an implausibly wealthy millionaire rather than a penniless nobody.In his well-decorated mansion, he holds extravagant parties to show off his wealth and attract the golden beauty——Daisy, who once was Gatsby’s lover five years ago.They reunion and re-love each other with the help of Nick.In Gatsby’s mind, Daisy is a perfect lady with a pure and innocent heart.Nevertheless, she is no longer the Daisy what she used to be.Under her charming appearance, it is just a body with stupid and selfish soul.In a traffic accident, Daisy has struck and killed Myrtle, Tom's mistress.But Gatsby intends to take the blame anyway.George, Myrtle's husband, has mistaken Gatsby for

the hit-and-run driver and even Myrtle’s secret lover.With several gunshots, George, a so-called lunatic ends both Gatsby’s and his own lives.The great Gatsby is a mirror, which vividly reflects Americans’ life of the jazz age.The scenes of roaring crowd, extravagant parties and corrupt society are perfectly reproduced.To some extent, it also can be inferred that the Great Gatsby is the epitome of Fitzgerald’s life.They both rise from impoverished families, they both fall in love with beauties coming from the upper class and they both end their lives in strategy.It is well acknowledged that a man’s own character shapes his fortune.So does Gatsby.After reading through this novel, it’s hard to tell whether the protagonist Gatsby is a good guy or a bad guy.So many highlights do exist in his character.But we have to admit that there are still a lot of dark sides in his character.In order to analyze Gatsby’s character from an objective angle, the author divides his character into two aspects: the positive side and the negative side.They are respectively studied in chapter one and chapter two.In chapter one, a determined and duteous Gatsby will be presented in front of you.In chapter two, an illusory and injudicious Gatsby also emerges.In these two chapters, a large number of facts and theoretical arguments will be added to support the author’s view.At the end of the thesis, it naturally comes to a conclusion that it is Gatsby’s character that determined his destiny.Persistence and determination leads him to success.However, his tragedy is caused by injudiciousness and unrealistic ideal.Chapter One Duteous and Determined Gatsby

In the Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald narrates the remount of Gatsby from an objective perspective.In his description, a vivid and lively Gatsby comes into our eyes.He’s a man with so many conspicuous merits, like innocent, resourceful and generous as well.Chapter one focuses on the two most remarkable merits in Gatsby’s character, namely duteous and determined.For most people, the first impression which Gatsby leaves on us is a perfect lover with a duteous heart.Besides his resolution made in the teens, the major cause stimulates Gatsby to court fame and wealth is to win Daisy back.Throughout the story, Gatsby’s loyalty permeates in every corner of the passage.To name just a few, he settles in West Egg just because Daisy’s villa is located across the bay.On balconies of the mansion, at the bank of the bay stands still Gatsby.He always stretches out his arms in lonely, noiseless and endless night as if Daisy is within his touch.After Myrtle’s accident, Gatsby waits outside Daisy’s house till the morning only to make sure whether Tom will hurt her or not.The only thing that he really cares about is Daisy’s safety.What’s more, a conversation between Carraway and Wolfsheim also reveals his loyalty.It is learnt from Wolfsheim’s words that Gatsby is very careful about woman.He never pays much attention to other women since Daisy roots in his mind and heart.As far as Gatsby is concerned, Daisy has become a dispensable part of Jay Gatsby.What a duteous man Gatsby is!Speaking of Gatsby, determination is another prominent sparkling spot in his character.To a great extent, Gatsby is the spokesman of determination.He has retained this precious and praiseworthy virtue throughout his whole life.Born in a rural peasant family with no prospects, Gatsby is never satisfied with the current situation of his family.He is also never content with his current social status.In his early years, he has already made up his mind to get rid of the status quo.It is clearly proved by the book old Gats brought to West Egg, in the flyleaf of which written his

everyday schedule and resolves when James Gats was a young boy.The fact that Daisy married Tom, a boring but wealthy man, inspires Gatsby to move constantly in pursuit of money and fame.He is firmly convinced that he is able to win Daisy back as long as he is rich enough.With persistent efforts, Gatsby turns himself from a mere pauper to a millionaire almost everyone admires.He possesses a mansion with an enormous marble swimming pool and a magnificent hall, decorated gorgeously.He has achieved all these in only a few short years, having returned from the wars shabby and penniless.As what I have presented above, it is obvious that Gatsby is a determined man that once he has set a goal for himself, he will strive to make it come true and never yields to any setback.The concept Gatsby is a duteous lover is rooted in the heart of every reader.Why is Gatsby great? He is great because of his loyalty for love.We are deeply moved by his unselfish and dedicated love for Daisy, a woman who is unworthy his infatuation.What makes Gatsby great? It is his determination and firm belief makes him great.Suppose that Gatsby was an undetermined man, maybe he still lives in somewhere in North Dakota, going out to crop at sunrise and going back home at sunset.All in all, Gatsby is a great man with plenty of virtues that deserves all of us to learn from.He is innocent, resourceful and generous.Moreover, he is a man with duteous heart and determined resolution.4

Chapter Two

Illusory and Injudicious Gatsby

Compared to people around him, like Daisy Fay and Tom Buchanan, Gatsby is a person of noble morality.Under such a bustling and extraordinary social circle, Gatsby retains his pure heart and strives for his dream.However, there is no doubt that Gatsby is never ever a perfect man.There are still a few defects in his character, namely illusory and injudicious.In the first place, Gatsby is illusory.It seems to him that the only reason Daisy left him and married Tom lies in his poverty.As long as he is rich enough, Daisy will return to his arms by all means.In Gatsby’s dream, Daisy is the embodiment of all wonderful things.She is charming, attracting as well as pure.Actually, daisy is a flower with white petals and yellow bud.Daisy Fay is a beauty who aspires for wealth and is keen on having a good time.To his disappointment, Daisy is a typical woman who comes from the upper class.She is shallow, selfish and indifferent as well.After their unification, Gatsby shows Daisy and Nick around his grand mansion.Suddenly Daisy burst into tears.“It makes me sad because I’ve never seen such-such beautiful shirts before.” said Daisy.(Fitzgerald, 59)At the moment that we agree that Daisy cries for the joy and excitement of reunification with a man once she loved.What Daisy answered totally astounded all of us.She cries just because she has never seen such delicate and slap-up shirts.She admires Gatsby.She admires his mansion, his shirts and his wealth.The pure and gorgeous Daisy is just a sweet dream Gatsby weaved for himself.The dream is so wonderful but the fact is so cruel.He would rather stubbornly make mistakes again and again than wake up even once.For this illusory dream, he paid a high price for it, even lost his life.In the meanwhile, Gatsby is also injudicious.Under the description of Fitzgerald, West Egg and East Egg, the two fictional places where Daisy’s villa and Gatsby’s mansion respectively located in, are divided by a vast bay.So does Daisy and Gatsby.It is insurmountable for Daisy, Gatsby, even Nick since it is a bay representing a gap，namely ideological gap, which all of them can never thoroughly across it.Coming from two different social classes——the upper class and the lower class, their ideology, way of life and sense of values have tremendous distinction.Gatsby is blind to chase Daisy and court wealth, but he doesn’t realize the root cause which separates Daisy and he lies in the differences between the two classes.In the past five years, Gatsby is longing for reuniting with Daisy all the time.When he meets Daisy again, he is not joyful as he expected since Daisy is not as perfect as he envisioned.Actually, Gatsby doesn’t really like Daisy.It seems to him that Daisy is the symbol of wealth and status.The progress of wining Daisy back equals the progress of pursuing his dream.He is not delighted because dream and reality are totally different, he never recognizes it.It is pathetic that Gatsby is not able to realize all these until his death.If Gatsby’s merits lead him to success, it is undeniable that Gatsby’s tragedy is caused by his defects, including his illusory dream and injudicious thought.He is resourceful enough but thinks of questions without profundity and perspicacity.He absorbedly strives for his dream but never stops for a while to scan the abnormal society.He is desperately buried in regaining Daisy but is unaware of the fundamental differences between them.It is specially affecting that Gatsby devotes himself to entertain Daisy and gets her betrayal in return.To dive deep, Gatsby’s dream is not so much ruined by selfish and shallow Daisy as destroyed by himself, a duteous and determined but illusory and injudicious Gatsby.Conclusion

As soon as the publication of the Great Gatsby, it has aroused extensive attention among the general public.“The Great Gatsby was the first step that American fiction has taken since Henry James, because Fitzgerald depicted the extolled grandest and most boisterous, reckless and merry-making scene”, criticized T.S.Elliot.It is widely considered one of the paradigmatic writings of the Jazz Age and up to now it still has great research value.As what I have expounded above, it naturally comes to the conclusion that Jay Gatsby, the protagonist of the Great Gatsby, is a complicated man.It is quite difficult to tell whether he is a kind man or an evil man since he has multiple identities.On the one hand, he is a successful businessman, a duteous lover as well as a determined dream chaser.On the other hand, he is an evil criminal, an illusory and injudicious dreamer.Gatsby is a man with so many conspicuous merits, like innocent, resourceful and generous as well.In chapter one, attention is paid to merits in Gatsby’s character.Among these excellent merits, duteousness and determination are the most typical ones.Sometimes we have to admit that Gatsby is really a perfect lover.In the past five years, he was very careful about women and Daisy was considered the only lover and the best lover by himself.He is so addicted to Daisy that he paid one of the most valuable things, his life, for this illusory even worthless love.What makes Gatsby great? To a large extent, his steadfast determination made him a great Gatsby.We are deeply impressed by his ambition to get rid of poverty and his willingness to win Daisy back.With his persistent efforts and constant training, he steps into the upper class and becomes a mysterious but celebrated millionaire.Although his dream disillusions with his death, but he did achieved his goal at one time.Character determines the fortune of a person.Gatsby is doomed to be an unusual man for his courage and determination in pursuit of dream.7

Moreover, Gatsby does have quite a few demerits in his character.First of all, Gatsby is illusory for his dream.Obstinately he insists that as soon as he accumulates enough money Daisy will come back to his arms.Extravagant parties are held in Gatsby’s magnificent mansion day and night only to attract Daisy.However, Daisy has been accustomed to live a carefree life.Gatsby’s appearance happens to add a touch of color to her blank life.Although she is astounded by Gatsby’s fine skirts, well-decorated mansion and extravagant parties, she treats their affair just as a stimulation for her to seek in the boring and insipid life.Perhaps she has hesitated and regretted, but she will never abandon a life of ease and a relatively beatific family with a wealthy husband and a cute child.In the second place, Gatsby is also injudicious for the upper class and the extraordinary society.He is not able to or he is unwilling to recognize the essence of Daisy, a typical representative of the upper class.Because of her selfishness, Daisy sacrifices Gatsby’s life to escape from punishment.This golden beauty aspires all the things closely related to money such as the golden pencil.Even her voice is full of money.(Fitzgerald, 46)Despite Daisy is quite distinct from the Daisy which Gatsby envisioned, he still has illusions for her.Gatsby is an evil criminal, who tries to break Daisy’s joyful family.At the same time, he is a wretched victim of American dream.The contradictions between the wonderful dream and cruel reality lead to Gatsby’s tragedy, thus indicates the disillusion of American dream.It is undoubted that Gatsby’s tragedy is caused by demerits in his character rather than selfish and hollow Daisy.He is killed by his illusory dream and he is totally destroyed by his injudiciousness.His wisdom is used to beguile Daisy and he never stops for a while to scan the roaring and inexorable society, sometimes abnormal.All in all, one’s character determines his destiny.Sometimes what we strive for a long time may be ruined by a mere mistake.Industry keeps bright the key that opens the treasury of success.We are greatly inspired by Gatsby’s persistence and will get over all the difficulties with fearless braveness and courage.Gatsby’s tragedy also serves as a wake-up call that everyone is supposed to scan the reality with a sober head and profound thought.Correct outlooks on life and values are the only way that we carve out for success.Works Cited

Bruccoli, Matthew J.The American Novel—New Essays on the Great Gatsby.Cambridge: Cambridge Press, 1985.Byan, Bryan.Major 20th Century Writers.Detroit: Gale Search, 1991.Curnutt, Kirk.The Cambridge Introduction to F.Scott Fitzgerald.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.Fahey, William A.F.F.Scott Fitzgerald and the American Dream.New York: Thomas Y.Crowell, 1973.Fitzgerald, Francis Scott.The Great Gatsby.Ware: Wordsworth Editions Press, 2001.Tang, Soo Ping.York Notes on the Great Gatsby.York: Longman York Press, 1992.刘峰，《了不起的盖茨比》, 译林出版社，2012年

吴建国，《菲茨杰拉德研究》, 上海外语教育出版社，2002年 陶洁，《美国文选选读》, 北京：高等教育出版社，2011年

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald

第二篇：英语专业毕业论文

contents

Abstract in English.....................1

Key words in English........................1

Abstract in Chinese....................1

Key words in Chinese.......................1

I.Introduction......................2

II.The definition of idiom in both languages.................2

III.The pattern of idiom in both languages.............3

IV.Chinese and English idioms related to “lucky”and”taboo” numbers..........4

4.1 Chinese idioms related to “lucky”and”taboo” numbers........4

1.lucky numbers(3，6，8，10)...............4

2.taboo numbers(4，5，7)...............6

4.2English idioms related to “lucky”and”taboo” numbers..........7

1.lucky numbers(3，7，8，9).................7

2.taboo numbers(13，6，周五).....................8

V.Causes of differences between Chinese and English numerical idioms........9 5.1 Factor of Geography.....................9

5.2 Religious Differences..................10

5.3 Factor of History...................10

5.4 Fables and mythology..................11

VI.Conclusion......................12

Bibliography.........................13

第三篇：英语专业毕业论文

从英汉文化的差异简析英语习语翻译

摘要：习语是语言的精华，具有其独特的文化特色。本文从英汉地理环境，风俗习俗，宗教信仰，价值观念的差异出发，讨论了习语在这各个层次上体现出来的文化差异，提出了习语英汉互译的几种翻译方式。

关键词：英汉习语文化差异翻译

语言既是文化的载体，文化的映像，又是文化的一部分，它容纳了文化的各个方面，反映了文化的所有内容;同是它也受到文化的制约。不同民族的语言，因物质环境和所处地域不同，社会文化的哲学渊源不同，也必然存在各自独特的民族个性，因此人类文化因差异的存在而就有了交流的必要。在语言这一民族文化的魁宝中，习语是其中最夺目的一颗明珠，是语言的精华，是人们在长期的劳动和生活中创造出来的、形象生动的、固定的句子和短语，体现了民族的价值观念、社会风俗、思维方式。习语和其文化有着密不可分的关系，由于历史、地理、宗教信仰、生活习俗等方面的差异，英汉习语也承载着不同的文化信息。本文试从英汉文化差异的四个方面来探讨英语习语的翻译。

(一)地理环境的差异

由于生活空间，生活方式和环境等各方面的差异，不同的民族对同一事物的看法各有不同，英国是一个岛国，畜牧业，航海，渔业都十分发达，而汉族则在亚洲大陆生活繁衍，人们生活在土

地上。因此，地理环境的差异对习语有很大的影响，如英语中的 spend money like wate,用来比喻花钱浪费，大手大脚，而汉语则是“挥金如土”，英国地处北温带，夏季气候凉爽宜人，因此英国的许多诗人常把夏天与可爱，美好等词语联系起来，在沙翁的一首著名的十四行诗中，把爱人比作夏天，“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate”,而在汉语文化氛围中，夏天常常是与酷暑炎热联系起来，如“骄阳似火”，“赤日炎炎似火烧”等。也由于环境的差异，两民族间对“东风”“西风”的理解也截然不同，中国人喜欢东风，它是春天的风，象征着“温暖”，而“西风”则象征着荒凉之意，如“西风凛冽”。但在英国却恰恰相反，“东风”是从欧洲大陆吹来的，象征“寒冷”，令人感到不愉快，如“When the wind is in the east, it’s good for neither man nor beast”,而西风才是从海洋吹来的温暖湿润的风，所以英国人喜欢“西风”，英语著名浪漫诗人雪莱就曾写过一首佳作《西风颂》，“if winter comes,can spring be far behind”？

（二）民俗文化差异

任何一个民族在其发展过程中，往往都有自己独特的社会生活状况和世情风俗，如汉语习语中的“小菜一碟”用吃小菜来形容一件事情的容易性，而英语习语则用“a piece of cake”用一块蛋糕来表示容易做到的事情；再如对“狗”这个词在英汉文化中也有很大的差异，西方人爱狗，对狗的感情不亚于对人的感

情，说人幸运可以说他是个“Lucky dog”,说人会有出头之日就说“Every dog has his day”，但在汉文化中“狗”多半用于贬义词，如“狗胆包天”，“狼心狗肺”，“狗仗人势”等；又如“亚洲四小龙”，英译为“four Asian tigers”，而不能译为“four Asian dragons”，这是因为西方人认为“dragon”(龙)是邪恶的象征，是凶残的怪物，是罪恶恐怖的象征，是不详之兆，但在汉文化中“龙”是中华民族的象征，代表着一种气势磅礴的民族精神，因此在汉语中就常听到“望子成龙”这个词语。

(三)宗教信仰的差异

宗教是一种文化现象，在个民族的历史发展中有着重大的影响。英国长期以来深受希腊，罗马和基督教文化的影响，认为世界是上帝创造的，世上的一切都是按上帝的旨意来办的，而中国文化则深受佛教，道教的影响，因此宗教信仰上的差异也反映在习语上，在西方如：“God help those who help themselves”（上帝帮助自助的人），“God be with you”（上帝与你同在），“Go to hell”（下地狱去），而在东方如：“借花献佛”，“闲时不烧香，临时抱佛脚”，“道高一尺魔高一丈”等等。

(四)价值观念的差异

由于各民族生活在不同的文化背景中，人们逐渐形成了不同的思维方式和社会心态，英美价值观念的主线是个人主义，崇尚个人相对社会的独立自主性，突出个人，强调个人的奋斗和成就，受个人本位价值观念的影响，英美人士都十分重视个人的隐

私，如年龄，收入，宗教信仰及私人住宅等均属个人隐私范围，如“An Englishman’s home is his castle”（英国人的家是独立王国）,而另一方面，从传统上讲，中国人比较推崇集体主义价值观，这是中国文化的主线，如“一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三个帮”，“众人拾柴火焰高”等。

二．英汉习语的翻译方法

习语的翻译不仅要求忠实的传达原文的语言意义，还要能准确的阐述其原作的文化内涵，因此要求译者应当在充分理解习语所包涵的文化信息基础上，用目的语把这些文化信息表达出来，并能得到目的语读者的认同。

（一）直译法

由于一国语言中的习语最能直接反映该国民族文化，传统习俗等各种特色，直译就有它的特殊重要性，这种译法能再现原文的风貌和文化，传达出原文的形式，意义和精神，向读者展示原语文化内涵，英语中的“armed to the teeth”，“a rolling stone gathers no moss”等分别直译为“武装到牙齿”，“滚石不生苔”等，而汉语中的“丢面子”“纸老虎”则分别直译为“lose face”，“paper tiger”。

(二)意译法

在跨文化交际时，会碰到大量表现出迥异语言文化特征的习语即非对应关系的习语，这类习语就不能互相直译，而应弄清它们的文化内涵和实际含义，根据上下文适当处理，先达意后传神，如“eat one’s words”，汉语应译为“收回说过的话，承认前言有失，说错了”。

(三)直译加意译法

为了更准确，有效地表达原意，译者可以使用直译加意译的方式来翻译习语，这种译法能保持原文的比喻形象，同时又能清楚的表达寓意，如“laugh off one’s head”译为“笑掉大牙”，“break the earth”“译为破土动工”，再如“棺材上画老虎---吓死人”，译为“Painting a tiger on a coffin---(lit)to frighten the dead,(pun)to frighten to death”，此例，直译“to frighten to death”和意译“to frighten to death”并用，更清楚地将汉语的这一歇后语介绍给英国读者。

(四)套译法

由于文化背景不同，原文的形象有时不符合中国习语，如

果直译出来就会颇为难解，这时就可以借用汉语成语来翻译，如：“All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill”译为“有情人终成眷属”，这种方法不仅可以保留原语的形象和风格，而且符合目标语的语言习惯，简单易懂，可以让读者轻松地理解原文所要表达的含义，从而实现跨文化的交流。再如“six of one and half a dozen of the other ”译成“半斤八两”，“a bolt from the blue”译成“晴天霹雳”，在使用套译法翻译时，一定要注意成语浓厚的民族地方色彩。

综上所述，在英语学习中，只有更多的了解两种语言的地

理环境，民俗文化，宗教信仰，价值观念的差异，才能正确理解习语所包含的文化语义，体现出语篇中的文化内涵，利用适当的翻译方法，再现出原文语词的文化意蕴，从而真正实现英汉文化的沟通。

参考文献：

（1）

（2）

（3）

（4）

（5）

邓炎昌刘润清，语言与文化(M)北京外语教学与研究出版社1989 张若兰，英汉习语的特点及其文化差异（J）西安外国语学院学报2003 邹秋娟，论习语的翻译方法（J）读与写2007 吴瑾瑾，实用英汉翻译（M）复旦大学出版社2005平洪张国扬，英语习语与英美文化（M）北京 外语教育与研究出版社1999

第四篇：英语专业毕业论文

乐山师范学院文学与新闻学院

2006级本科生毕业论文工作实施方案

毕业论文工作是实现本科培养目标、全面检验学生综合素质与实践能力的主要手段，是学生毕业及学位资格认证的重要依据。做好毕业论文工作，对提高本科毕业生的全面素养具有重要意义。我校本科人才培养计划规定，本科生必须撰写毕业论文，论文合格方能获得学士学位。我院2006级本科生毕业论文工作将遵照《乐山师范学院本科生毕业论文工作规程》、《乐山师范学院文学与新闻学院2006级本科生毕业论文（设计）工作安排》，并结合我院的实际情况，规范运作，灵活实施。为了加强对文学与新闻学院本科生毕业论文的指导工作，特制定以下实施方案。

一、组织领导：

领导小组负责对毕业论文工作的领导和管理。

组长：吉仕梅

副组长：任志萍、熊泽文

成员：熊文、杨泽勇、各教研室主任

二、时间安排：

论文选题在第六期16-17周完成，开题报告、论文提纲应在第七期1--4周内完成。新闻专业应在第七期5—12周完成毕业论文撰写，第七期13---15完成毕业论文答辩。汉语言文学、对外汉语专业于第八期开学第1---6周完成毕业论文的撰写，第8-13周完成毕业论文的评阅，答辩、评审工作。

三、指导教师资格和指导教师的聘任程序：

毕业论文的指导教师原则上由我院讲师以上的教师担任，由领导小组聘任。学生选择非我院的本校教师为指导教师，由领导小组批准，以文新学院的名义聘任；学生选择非我校人员为指导教师，应报经领导小组审查资格，合格者以文新学院的名义聘任。

系上公布指导教师的专业方向和课题指南后，学生自愿报名选择指导教师，领导小组可酌情调整，确定之后予以公布。原则上一名教师指导的学生人数不应超过10个。

四、论文指导的一般要求：指导教师在指导学生写作论文期间，对学生进行的当面指导应不少于5次。平均每次指导时间应不少于1课时，每次当面指导的内容大致提出以下建议：

第一次：在学生阅读和积累资料的基础上，确定论文题目。题目可由学生自拟，也可由指导教师提供意见。指导教师要和学生讨论选题的目的、意义、解决的问题等。学生查阅相关资料后，写出开题报告。

第二次：学生交开题报告，开题报告需经指导老师和院毕业论文指导小组审查同意后方可开题。在指导老师指导下学生进一步完善开题报告，并正式确定论文题目。导师就论文的结构、各部分的内容、写作的思路、文献查阅等进行指导。要求学生在指导后查阅资料，写出论文提纲。

第三次：学生交论文提纲，讨论、修改论文提纲。教师要指导论文的具体写作（包括论文写作的基本格式、引文、注释和参考文献等的学术规范）要求学生写出论文初稿。

第四次：学生交论文初稿，讨论、修改论文的初稿，教师提出具体的修改、完善意见。

第五次：学生交论文定稿，教师审查论文定稿，在学生的毕业论文登记表上填写评语、登记成绩并签字。

五、论文写作要求与成绩评定：

1、学生必须在教师的指导下独立、按时完成论文的写作，不得抄袭他人成果。如果发现抄袭、代写等行为，按《乐山师院文学与新闻学院关于杜绝本科生毕业论文抄袭等行为的暂行规定》处理。学生不能按文新学院规定的时间完成论文的写作，应当扣减该生论文成绩。具体扣分办法是：一个环节未按时完成的，扣3分；若有多个环节未按时完成，则根据此标准累加，一篇论文每一个环节都未按时完成的，最多扣减15分。

2、论文字数应不少于5000字。如果论文未达到规定字数，少300字以内，论文成绩扣减2分；少300—600字，论文成绩扣5分；少600—1000字，论文成绩扣8分；少1000—1500字，扣15分；少1500—2000字，扣20分；少2000字以上，论文成绩不及格。

3、论文材料杂乱，大量主要材料严重失实；或写作态度极不认真、文章加工极差；或论文无中心、层次不清、逻辑混乱、句子不通；或理论上有明显错误，经指导教师指出后仍然不改者，其论文成绩不及格。重要人名、地名、事实、数据错一个扣1分，标点符号错三个扣1分，注释错一条扣1分，一个错别字扣1分。

4、优秀论文从严掌握，一般不超过学生人数的15%。

六、论文答辩：由领导小组聘请若干本院或院外讲师以上的专家学者组成答辩委员会。由我院学科学术带头人或教授担任主任委员，委员会下可分成若干小组，分别负责每一组学生的论文答辩。

七、答辩工作程序：全部毕业生都要参加论文答辩。各答辩小组的论文答辩会由答辩小组组长主持。答辩时先由学生陈述论文选题的目的、意义、论文主要解决的问题、论文如何解决问题等几个方面的内容，接着各答辩小组成员提出质询，然后答辩学生逐一回答。答辩中答辩小组成员质询至少应当考虑以下几个方面的问题：

1．论文题目的思考、确定。

2．课题研究的历史与现状

3．论文写作时的主要参考文献。

4．论文的中心与结构。

5．观点、材料及论证。

八、评语和成绩：答辩过程中，各答辩小组应指定专人填写答辩记录。答辩结束后，各答辩小组根据学生论文和答辩时情况写出通过或不通过的评语并给出论文成绩；各答辩小组成员在学生的毕业论文登记表上签名；答辩小组组长及时将《毕业论文登记表》交到院上。

九、院毕业论文工作领导小组审定全部毕业论文，给出论文成绩，总结毕业论文指导工作。

2009年6月

附：

文学与新闻学院汉语言文学、新闻学、对外汉语专业

2006级本科生毕业论文工作各环节时间安排

2006级本科生各专业本科生毕业论文工作各环节时间安排如下：

1、第六学期第16--17周：学生初选论文题目、论文方向及论文指导老师。

2、第七学期第1--4周，完成开题报告、论文提纲的撰写。

3、第七学期5—12周新闻专业学生完成毕业论文撰写，第13---15周完成毕业论文的评阅，答辩、评审工作。

4、汉语言文学、对外汉语专业于第八期开学第1---6周完成毕业论文的撰写，第8-13周完成毕业论文的评阅，答辩、评审工作。

特别提示：

新闻学专业学生如果能够提前完成论文选题、开题、提纲、初稿、未定稿、定稿、指导教师与评阅教师审查合格等环节，经文新学院毕业论文答辩委员会及领导小组审查合格后，可由学院统一安排其参加答辩（具体时间另行通知），答辩通过者如需提前参加专业实习，必须由学院报请学校教务处批准后方可提前参加专业实习。

各专业学生提交毕业论文时，档案袋里应装有：开题报告、论文提纲、论文初稿、各种版本的论文未定稿、定稿打印件、论文登记表及磁盘、查阅资料的读书卡片、指导教师意见稿及其他相关资料。

乐山师院文学与新闻学院

2009年6月

第五篇：英语专业毕业论文

职称论文发表与写作指导中心：www.xiexiebang.com QQ:765769776

英语专业毕业论文：

英语教学调查分析

摘 要 通过对桂林航专2005级新生英语专业和大学英语部分A级班、B级班进行英语语音课堂问卷调查分析,英语论文范文并在此基础上提出英语语音课堂逆向教学的概念、应遵循的原则及具体做法。

关键词 英语语音 逆向教学 英语学习

笔者于2005年10月在桂林航专2005级新生正式上课前对2005级商务英语专业3个班、旅游英语专业2个班、2005级大学英语2个A级班(其中一个文科A级班、一个理科A级班)及1个B级班进行英语语音课堂问卷调查,调查内容涉及中学英语学习的基本情况、英语语音基本知识及英语语音基本技能。英语课堂调查问卷分析及结论英语课堂调查问卷结果如表1。

1.1 问卷分析(1)桂林航专05商英/旅英绝大部分学生与大学英语A/B班学生一样从初中开始学英语;(2)桂林航专05商英/旅英学生有38.8%高考参加理科考试,大学英语A/B班学生有44.8%高考参加理科考试;(3)桂林航专05商英/旅英学生有68.8%所在学校高考前没有没有为报考英语专业的同学开设英语专业基础训练,大学英语A/B班学生有68.4%所在学校高考前没有为报考英语专业的同学开设英语专业基础训练;(4)桂林航专05商英/旅英学生有20.1%的所在学校高三时才有一周1-2节英语听力课,大学英语A/B班学生有15.5%的所在学校高三时才有一周1-2节英语听力课。

1.2 结论在总共23项英语语音基本知识及英语语音基本技能测试项目中,桂林航专2005级商英/旅英学生有12项的平均正确率低于2005级大学英语A/B班的学生。由此不难看出桂林航专2005级商务英语专业、旅游英语专业的学生在入学时的英语语音基础知识及英语语音基本技能比2005级大学英语A级班、B级班学生差。作为英语专业的学生,在他们一开始进入大学进行英语学习时就“先天不足”。如何让他们在短短的一个学期内使他们的英语语音水平有一个明显的提高?这是摆在桂林航专英语教师面前的一个难题,特别是对《英语语音》课程的教学教师来说,是不得不认真思考的问题。显然,传统的英语语音教学方法很难实现这一目的,唯一办法只能是在教学的方式方法上进行改革。而英语语音课堂逆向教学无疑是个可以一试的方法。英语语音课堂逆向教学顾名思义,逆向教学是与传统的英语教学相对而言的。传统的英语教学大都遵循这样的路向:必须打好“基础”或练好“基本功”。所谓“基础”或“基本功”,说的是学英语得从音素、音标、字母开始,接着是强记单词、词组,然后是按语法规则造句,最后是靠单词表或词典的释义来理解和翻译短文、篇章。传统的英语语音教学则是先花大量的时间教英语的26个字母的正确朗读、48个音素的读音,后教单词重音,单词的强读弱读,句子及段落停顿,再到文章的朗读。教师课堂教学的绝大部分时间是用来纠正学生在中学遗留下来的语音问题。对教师而言,教语音必须“有错必纠”,这样做的结果是:不知不觉中把英语

职称论文发表与写作指导中心：www.xiexiebang.com QQ:765769776

语音的课堂教学目标从“重教”转移到“重纠”。这样学习的结果使学生先前的英语学习热情顿失,枯燥的“纠音”越纠越枯燥,纠音纠到最后,学生不愿意开口说话,英语语音训练是越练越提不起兴趣,从而形成一种英语学习过程的“恶性循环”。而英语语音逆向教学则从逆向思维出发,采取听力训练与语音、语调训练相结合的方法。在语音教学过程中要求学生课堂内外精听旋律悠美的经典英美名歌名曲,模仿歌曲的语音语调。在学生模仿过程中穿插进行英语语音基础知识的教学。同时采取“另类”训练法进行英语语音教学:打破英语语音教学中的因循守旧,按部就班的给学生“打基础”的传统教学模式,不是先教英语的48个音素、音标,后教单词、句子、段落,再到语段、篇章的教学,而是在精听旋律悠美的经典英美名歌名曲,模仿歌曲语音语调的基础上,把提高学生的听力和听写技能结合起来,教学生用不完整的语句表达出交际的意图,鼓励学生运用有限的英语能力来让交际对象领会自己的意思,最终使学生的英语语音的实际运用能力得以提高。对学生而言,讲英语,学语音不必“有错必纠”,教师应学会如何把英语语音的课堂教学目标从“重纠”转移到“重学”上,认定英语语音是“学会的”而不是“教会的”。英语语音的课堂教学以听懂为基础,以模仿为过程。这个训练过程是在学生对语音材料有一定的感性认识的基础上进行。此过程是艰苦的,它即练听,又练读,是否听懂取决于是否能模仿出来。训练的结果是:学生的英语语音语调得到了提高和改进的同时,听力得到了增强,交际能力也相应地得到了提高。英语语音课堂逆向教学应注意的几点

3.1 以学生为主体,培养和保护学生的学习兴趣教师要以学生的“学”为主体,教会学生如何学好英语。从第一节语音课开始,教师要不失时机地谈语音语调的重要性以及语音语调的学习方法,还有告诉学生语音训练的难度,提醒学生除了语音课集中训练外,还有做好课后自己长期训练的思想准备。教师通过课堂内精听旋律悠美的经典英美名歌名曲,通过模仿歌曲的语音语调去激发学生强烈的学习愿望。同时对于发音较差的学生,一旦发现其有点滴进步,就要及时鼓励。

3.2 灵活进行课堂设计,突出重点由于进入大学的多数同学已经形成了自己的语音模式,因而自我辨音的能力较差,这就需要老师有目的地不断纠正和提醒,必要时配以详细的语音发音器官图指导学生,要求学生课后多听、多模仿来校正自己的语音错误,从而提高自己的语音能力。

3.3 运用多媒体教学手段现代化的多媒体视听教学手段构成了语音教学的立体教材。它使学生好像置身于现实的自然情景和言语交际的环境中,让学生在视听理解及有意识地模仿、操练的同时,将语音的韵律成分在特定的言语环境中自然消化吸收。结束语

英语语音课堂逆向教学实际上是融英语听、说、读、写为一体的综合教学,它使学生的英语发音、听力、词汇、文化素质等都得到提高。笔者通过对桂林航专2005级商务英语2班进行为期一个学期的英语语音课堂逆向教学试验后发现:在总共50个测试项目的期末检测分析中,试点班2005级商务英语2班与2005级商英/旅英非试点班相比,其答题正确率有35项高于非试点班(9项持平/略低于非试点班),而且试点班学生在英语语音基本知识的掌握、英语听力能力方面比非试点班有较大提高。这证明了英语语音课堂逆向教学的可行性。

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