牧师的黑面英文解析纱

第一篇：牧师的黑面英文解析纱

Hawthorne‟s “The Minister‟s Black Veil” is regarded as one of the earliest and greatest American short stories.Like many of Hawthorne‟s stories, this story is developed around a single symbol: the black veil that the Reverend Mr.Hooper wears to hide his face from the world.The nature of secret sin and humans‟ fallen nature are the main theme.Hawthorne‟s intended meaning with the tale has been the subject of considerable debate..Some critics note that “Mr.Hooper is the type of the abnormal, who has lost the power of seeing life steadily and whole”.They think the sincrazed for this reason.The American author Nathaniel Hawthorne had an intricate relationship with the tradition of American Puritanism, with which both he and his Puritan ancestors were imbued in character and in belief, and yet his representative work The Scarlet Letter has always received an all-too-simple, one-dimensional critical response from most Chinese readers and critics, rendering it a bitter demonstration of and outright protest against the dehumanizing role of Puritan ethics and, by extension, that of Christian ethics in general.This paper attempts at a new reading of this much-misinterpret

ed work.By analyzing the novel‟s dominant themes, the development of its major characters, the narrative voice, and even its honest criticism of the Puritan community, this paper is intended to reveal that, instead of assailing the Christian ethics, the novel expresses what is central to the ethical values based on the Christian Scripture: the universality of sin and guilt in spite of their various disguise, and the pity on and redemption of the human individuals as well as communities equally enslaved by sin.The sin Mr.Hooper committed

Mr.Hooper‟s deathbed remarks show that he intends the black veil

to symbolize the secret sin which all men “loathsomely treasure up”in their hearts.That he intended himself to typify mankind‟s evil nature is clear enough, but the reason why he thought himself evil is not so clear.We may infer from Hooper‟s presence at the funeral on that Sunday that perhaps he is responsible for the death of the young lady, because “at the instant when the clergyman‟s features were disclosed, the corpse had

slightly shuddered”.But in fact,“a superstitious old woman was the only witness of this prodigy”.A couple of people said they saw “the minister and the maiden‟s spirit were walking hand in hand.”But this is just their fantasy and no other evidence can support it.It‟s reasonable to think these words are used to add a little bit of mystery which is typical of Hawthorne‟s writing feature.Provided Hooper‟s hidden sin is true, his action of still coming to this funeral reflects his sufficient courage and a sincere wish of repentance.He is so repentant that this incident becomes a turning point of his destiny forcing him to wear a black veil to confess his previous sin for the rest of life.His firm resolution shows his valuable honesty which a

hypocrite does not possess.Everyone has a secret sin or sorrow of one type or other.Mr.Hooper has chosen to make his black veil visible while others have kept their secrets in their own hearts.His quick response to mend what he had done is admirable and as a faithful messenger of God.II.Unity of the hero‟s personality

While many readers may view Mr.Hooper as a weak coward with a sense of superiority and imbalance of mind, I prefer to see him as a

remarkable man of integrity, bravery, responsibility and dignity.Prior to and after his wearing the black veil, his individuality does not change.Firstly he is a minister with good appearance.He is consistently gentle and neatly dressed as if taken care of by a careful wife.Secondly, he takes a stable responsibility for his religious faith and he is competent for his job.He achieves success in both his career and his life: “He acquired a name throughout the New-England churches, and they called him

Father Hooper ⋯ he had one congregation in the church, and a more crowded one in the church-yard.”Mr.Hooper has gained true love from Elizabeth as well as a good or even true friend, Reverend Mr.Clark who cares about Hooper and rides in haste to pray by the bedlife: “It is but a mortal

veil—it is not for eternity!”We must take special notice of Mr.Hooper‟s smile.The minister‟s smile is mentioned eight times and is associated with the light image.In four passages it is described as glimmering or gleaming.From the smile-light association, we can infer that the smile betokens Hooper„s ties with his fellow men and his hold on his own sanity.It indicates that he has not been completely enveloped by the terrifying black veil which has multiplied his doubts about his own salvation.教长的黑面纱 一：作者

纳撒尼尔·霍桑（NathanieIHawthorne，1804－1864），美国浪漫主义小说家。生于破落世家。大学毕业后开始写作。除了为生活所迫谋过海关的差使和依靠同窗好友皮尔斯总统的提携短期出位进驻利物浦领事以外，一生专事写作。在三、四十年代出版了《古屋青苔》等几个短篇小说集。1851年，长篇小说《红字》的出版使他一跃而成为美国十九世纪中叶最重要的长篇小说家。此外，还写有《七个尖顶的房子》、《福谷传奇》、《玉石雕像》等长篇小说。

霍桑生活在宗教气氛浓厚的新英格兰地区，深受加尔文教宗教神秘主义观点的影响。他站在偏于保守的立场上，对资本主义发展所引起的社会问题缺乏理解，也不热心于当时蓬勃兴起的废奴运动。他的作品不能深刻反映社会本质，只是从抽象的善恶现点出发来看问题，从道德伦理的角度抨击社会不平。代表作《红字》就是一例，它谴责了十七世纪美国社会的残酷习俗，反对当时资产阶级虚伪的传统道德观念。但同时又把这些归结为人类罪恶的天性。在艺术上，霍桑往往以殖民时期的历史故事来影射现实，或通过象征突出主题，有强烈的感染力。他是美国文学史上第一个注重心理描写的作家。

二：作品

《教长的黑面纱》运用了“寓言”手法，但不象大多数较长约“寓言”那样使人不愿读下去，它有足够的现实细节使得故事有一定的厚度和戏剧性，再加上霍桑向来善于描写气氛。结果是：这个原本可以写得充满说教意味的寓言成为一篇内容深刻的文学创作。

主题明显而集中：年轻的教长为什么戴上了黑面纱、为什在遭到各种议论，责难而仍然不肯摘下来。就在年老临终的那一刻也仍然要挣扎着把面纱盖住自己的脸？回答是有的，这黑纱象征了人的罪恶感，是认罪和赎罪的标志。对于戴黑纱的牧师究竟有什么罪，作者还提供了钱索，他戴上黑纱之日，即一个少女死亡之时，而且葬礼上“牧师露出面孔的一刹那，少女的尸体战栗起来。尸衣和那薄纱的帽子也跟着微微抖动”；送葬的人也有一种幻觉，“似乎牧师和少女的精灵手拉手在一起走着。”看来又是一个类似《红字》里面的情况：宗教的外衣之下藏着一颗玩弄女性的心，不过这一次女的死亡，男的却以黑纱代替了赎罪！至少那位乡村医生是有所知的。他说了一句意义深长的话：“人有时是自己怕自己的。”也许这就是为什么当那教长弥留之际，医生是在场者当中唯一的“外表大庄严合度而无动于衷”的人。写得恍惚，然而意思是明显的。但是作者又表明，这个罪却又不限于任何个人，而是连“大地也戴着自己的黑纱”，“每一张脸上都有一面黑纱！”

这里有严厉的加尔文教义的声音，清教主义的声音——然而它却未必专指清教徒统治的早期英国在美洲的殖民地。由于霍桑写的大多是那个时期的事，由于他的作品里清教徒的罪恶观的气氛浓厚，文笔又带旧式的典雅，人们可能误以为他是生在那个时期的，其实他是十九世纪的人（1804—1864），是在包括这篇小说在内的《故事重述》集于1837 年出版之后才建立了文名的。他不能不注意到他当时的美国——而当时的美国正在经历着工业革命，新英格兰的商人和资本家正在依靠着1828年的新税律给他们的便利积极发展资本主义，而清教主义统治的教会已从国家政治生活里退出来„„对于这样的现实霍桑也是深有所感的，不满意的，他感对美国是“一个没有阴影，没有模棱两可，没有神权，没有别致有趣的或阴沉的邪恶的国家”，连替它写传奇故事也是困难的（《大理名曲农牧神像》序）。那么，他在早期着重写清教主义的罪恶观，写《教长的黑面纱》那样的气氛抑郁而神秘的寓言，是不是要替这个历史不长、缺乏传统、精神生活枯燥的国家增加一点阴影，一点神秘，一点阴沉的邪恶呢？无论如何，霍桑这个深刻的、复杂的作家在写《教长的黑面纱》的时候，是有多种用意的

魔 在 心 中 ——霍桑《教长的黑面纱》解读

作者：甘典江 出自：纸上江湖 浏览/评论：3,369/6 日期：2006年11月17日 21:23 街上在卖打折书。

我进店去买了不少。第一次是买《白鲸》，最后一次，是霍桑的《故事与小品》，砖头般厚上下两册，三联书店1997年版，定价90元。我马上拿了，着付账26元，自以为捡了个大便宜，竟生怕店主醒悟反悔，飞快逃出店门，跨上公交车急急回家。

霍桑撞入我的视野，是因为格非对他的极端推崇，而我又分外地喜欢格非，爱物及乌了。

格非认为，美国文学中最伟大最出色的长篇小说是麦尔维尔的《白鲸》，同时，毫不犹豫地把霍桑列为他最喜爱的美国作家。更有意思的是，麦尔维尔的《白鲸》是题献给霍桑的，因为当时只有霍桑给予他唯一的赞誉。毫无疑问，这种赞誉不是空穴来风，更非廉价的施舍，而是《白鲸》触痛了霍桑那根蛰居内心之弦，奏出了不和谐的悲歌，他们都是关注内心挣扎的悲观主义者和宿命论者。

霍桑广为流传的作品是长篇小说《红字》，而我认为，他的两个短篇小说《年轻的布朗先生》和《教长的黑面纱》更为精粹而深刻，神秘得像夏夜浩渺的星空。

读完该作，我能感觉自己已在微微发抖，十分懊悔白读了很多垃圾，浪费了无数的光阴。凭着有限的阅读，我认定，在卡夫卡之前，它们是世界上最伟大的短篇小说，力量抵得上长篇巨著，与此媲美的，还有辛格的《傻瓜佩拉吉姆》，乔伊斯的《死者》，鲁迅的《孔乙己》，连契诃夫和莫泊桑，我都顾不上了，至于那个矫揉造作的欧•亨利，更不必提名，只配上中国语文教科书。

《年轻的布朗先生》，可视为《教长的黑面纱》的姊妹篇，又像同一个主题的两个声部，相互独立，统一映衬。分析一篇即可。

《教长的黑面纱》，全文约八千字，拟有副标题——“一个寓言”。作者为此加上注解：“新英格兰的一名牧师，即缅因的约克殖民地去世已有八十余年的约瑟夫•英迪先生，也由于像本故事中讲述的主人公胡伯牧师一样行为怪僻而妇孺皆知。不过他那怪诞的含义有所不同。早年他曾失手杀死过一位挚友，结果直到去世的那天他都没有再向人露过自己的脸。”这表明，该小说有生活素描及人物模特（海明威的《老人与海》也属此类）。值得庆幸的是，作者并没有据此而整理成一个又烂又俗的传奇案件，而是把它升华为一部乖戾阴郁的心理经典文本。

小说这样叙述了一个故事：

某一天，年轻的胡伯牧师突然在额头上箍了一块黑纱，挂下来遮在脸上，除了嘴和下巴外，几乎遮住了他的整张脸。

于是，人们受不了，议论纷纷，觉得胡伯牧师一下子变得可怕起来。

胡伯先生是个好牧师，他的布道四平八稳，不愠不火，这是大家有口皆碑的。自从脸上戴了黑面纱，他的布道就阴郁起来，让人不寒而栗。在一位年轻姑娘的葬礼上，胡伯牧师的黑面纱成了一个合适的标志。当他朝棺材俯下身去，向死去的教友诀别，由于弯腰而使黑面纱从他的前额垂直地落了下来。这时，奇迹出现，一位目击了这场死者与生者进行交流的人肯定地说，“在牧师的脸暴露出来的一刹那，少女的尸体微微地颤动了起来，连她身上的裹尸布和头上的薄纱帽也发出了窸窸窣窣的响声，尽管她的脸上仍然保持着死人的安详．．．．．．他的祷告哀宛缠绵，令人心碎，既字字悲哀，又充满着对天国的憧憬，似乎从他最悲戚的语调中可以隐约听到死去少女的纤纤细指在拨弄着天国的竖琴，奏出美妙的音乐。”从这些洞幽烛微的状写之中，可以揣测出一些蛛丝马迹：胡伯牧师与少女之死存在着某种牵涉，他的祷告，好像已超出了职业的惯性，似乎含有某种自哀自责自怨，接近忏悔了。这是为什么呢？难道这个天堂的使者还会对那个逝去的灵魂犯下了不可饶恕的罪孽？紧接着的描写，又把这种暗示向前推进了一层：

“我有一种幻觉，就是牧师正和姑娘的幽灵手拉手地往前走。”

两个送葬的人，产生了奇怪的幻觉，把读者的阅读心理引向了晦涩难辨的暧昧之路，又

至少传达出，胡伯牧师不完全是委身为上帝的使者，他还另有一缕人间烟火。作为世俗的享受，还有比爱情更甜的芬芳吗？

葬礼的另一端是婚礼。在一场婚礼上，胡伯牧师的出现，把喜庆蒙上了一层凶兆的阴影。霍桑的笔力沉重而尖锐，像撰写墓志铭一样，镌刻出如下惊悚的句子：

“人们顿时惊呆了，只觉得似乎有一团乌云从黑面纱下面滚滚涌来，花烛的光亮也猛地昏暗起来．．．．．．大地也蒙上了一层黑面纱。”

“一个善于摹仿的小淘气将一块破旧的黑手绢罩在脸上，可没想到，这种恶作剧不仅把他的小伙伴们吓得魂飞魄散，也几乎把他自己吓得神经错乱。”

从此，恐惧像瘟疫一样流布开来，没有人敢去追问胡伯牧师，除开他的未婚妻伊丽莎白。出于承担一种公共义务，她问了。然而，未婚夫却给她闪出一个苦笑，“总有那么一个时刻，我们都会掀去自己脸上的面纱．．．．．．这块面纱是一个象征，无论白天还是黑夜，无论独自一人还是面对大家的审视，无论跟陌生人还是跟熟人在一起，我都注定要戴着它。今生今世谁也不能看到我揭去这块面纱，这个可怕的阴影必须把我和人世隔绝开，即使是你，伊丽莎白，也不能窥视面纱的背后。”劝说

未婚妻的努力失败了，绝望着离开了他。大家把胡伯牧师看成了不可救药的怪物，不是躲着他，就是敌视他，他只好永远行走在黑暗的阴影之中，“据说就是肆无忌惮的风儿也十分尊重他那可怕的秘密，从不把那面黑纱吹起。”

胡伯牧师就这样度过了他那漫长的一生，直到临终，才叫出了心声：“．．．．．．我看了看周围，你们瞧，人人脸上都有一面黑纱！”

真正的惊悚与恐惧，并不是来自外界的威胁，而是萌芽于内心的黑暗土壤。胡伯牧师的黑面纱，是他自己为自己戴上的心灵枷锁，又像一堵墙，把他和人世阴阳两隔。

这个世界，善与恶如影随形，时刻都纠缠在一起，难于澄清剥离。基督教义认为，人有“原罪”，需要终生地向上帝忏悔。霍桑小说的重大主题，就是“心之寓言”，对人的内心进行不停地开掘，直到见到黑暗反射出来的光芒。毫无疑义，揭示意义的方法之一，便是运用象征。在霍桑看来，意义就潜伏于对象的内核之中，必须借助象征的工具才能抵达。作为象征的载体，寓言应运而生。与古典寓言不同的是，小说式寓言具有多重歧义，文本并没有提供一种可以明确解决人生悖论的说教方案，仅设置出一类需要读者参与的“互动模式”，其主题意义，也就由个体来体验填充，生生不息。

胡伯牧师是不幸的，他发现了自己的罪恶并由此受累，同时，他又是闪光的，他勇敢地

实施了对自己的惩办，那面黑纱，既是一个沉重的刑具，又是一架通往救赎的天梯——他攀登天堂所必须借助的“恶”。从这个意义而言，胡伯牧师并没有放弃信仰，越绝望，就越希望，正如尼采所言：“只有经历过地狱磨难的人，才有建造天堂的力量。”

胡伯牧师死了，解脱了,但那张埋进泥土的黑面纱并没有腐烂，它又从坟墓中飘了出来，继续罩在还在求生挣扎的魂灵上。

第二篇：英文西方传统婚礼上牧师的证言

西方传统婚礼上牧师的证言－西方风情,西方传统婚

礼

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Minister: We are gathered here today in the sight of God, and in the face of this company, to join together(Groom’s Name)and(Bride’s Name)in holy matrimony;which is an honorable estate, instituted of God, since the first man and the first woman walked on the earth.Therefore;it is not to be entered into unadvisedly or lightly, but reverently and soberly.Into this holy estate these two persons present come now to be joined.If any one can show just cause why they may not be lawfully joined together, let them speak now or forever hold their peace.Who gives this woman to be married to this man?

Father: My wife and I do.(Then the bride is given away)

Minister: I require and charge you both that if either of you know any impediment why you may not be lawfully joined together in matrimony, you confess it now.Be assured that if any persons are joined together otherwise than as God’s word allows, their marriage is not lawful.(Minister: addressing the groom)

(Groom’s Name), do you take(Bride’s Name)for your lawful wedded wife, to live together after God’s ordinance, in the holy estate of matrimony? Will you love, honor, comfort, and cherish her from this day forward, forsaking all others, keeping only unto her for as long as you both shall live?

Groom: I do.(Minster: addressing the bride):

(Bride’s Name), do you take(Groom’s Name)for your lawful wedded husband, to live together after God’s ordinance, in the holy estate of matrimony? Will you love, honor, comfort, and cherish him from this day forward, forsaking all others, keeping only unto him for as long as you both shall live?

Bride: I do.(At this point the couple may improvise by playing a favorite song, reading a scripture, etc.suggested scriptures might be genesis 2:21-25, mark 10:6-8 and 1 cor 13:4-7)

Reader 1: A reading from the book of Genesis, chapter 2, versus 21 through 25:

So the Lord God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep;and while he was sleeping, he took one of the man’s ribs and closed up the place with flesh.Then the Lord God made a woman from the rib he had taken out of the man, and he brought her to the man.The man said, “this is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh;she shall be called ’woman, ’ for she was taken out of man.“ for this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh.The man and his wife were both naked, and they felt no shame.Reader 2: A reading from the gospel of Mark, chapter 10, versus 6 through 8:

But at the beginning of creation God made them male and female.For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh.So they are no longer two, but one.Reader 3: A reading from the Apostle Paul, the first letter to the Corinthians, chapter 13, verses 4 through 7:

Love is patient, love is kind.It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud.It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs.Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth.It alwaysprotects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres.Minister: Let us pray for this man and woman as they make their marriage vows.Father, as(Groom’s Name)and(Bride’s Name)have chosen each other, help them and bless them that their love may be pure, and their vows may be true.Through Jesus Christ our Lord, Amen.(Minister: addressing the groom who repeats the marriage vows):

I(Groom’s Name)take thee(Bride’s Name)to be my wedded wife, to have and to hold from this day forward, for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love, honor, and cherish, ’til death do us part, according to God’s holy ordinance;and thereto I plight thee my troth.(Minister: then to the bride who repeats the marriage vows):

I(Bride’s Name)take thee(Groom’s Name)to be my wedded husband, to have and to hold from this day forward, for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love, honor, and cherish, ’til death do us part, according to God’s holy ordinance;and thereto I plight thee my troth.(The Minister then gets the brides ring from the best man)

Minister:(praying over brides ring): Lord, bless this ring that he who gives it and she who wears it may abide in your peace, and continue in your favor until life’s end, through Jesus Christ our Lord, Amen.(Groom: placing ring on bride’s finger):

With this ring I thee wed.Wear it as a symbol of our love and commitment.Minister:(praying over groom’s ring): Lord, bless this ring that she who gives it and he who wears it may abide in your peace, and continue in your favor until life’s end, through Jesus Christ our Lord, Amen.(Bride: placing ring on groom’s finger):

ith this ring I thee wed.Wear it as a symbol of our love and commitment.(Music may be inserted here.)

(The wedding song)Minister: Let us pray

Father, we pray for all married persons, that they may continue to give, be able to forgive, and experience more and more of the joy of the Lord with each passing day.And especially for(Groom’s Name)and(Bride’s Name), now beginning their married life together, that they may have divine assistance, the constant support of friends, and a long life with good health.May your fullest blessing come upon(Bride’s Name)and her husband(Groom’s Name), from this day forward, for ever and ever, Amen.May Jesus Christ, our Lord and Savior, always be at the center of the new lives you are now starting to build together, that you may know the ways of true love and kindness.May the Lord bless you both all the days of your lives and fill you with his joy.Amen.(The minister now joins their right hands together and says):

Those, whom God has joined together, let no man put asunder.In so much as(Groom’s Name)and(Bride’s Name)have consented together in holy wedlock, and have witnessed the same before God and this company, having given and pledged their troth, each to the other, and having declared same by the giving and receiving of a ring, I pronounce that they are husband and wife.Minister:(to the couple): Seal the promises you have made with each other with a kiss.(The couple kisses.)

Minister: Ladies and gentlemen, I present to you Mr.and Mrs._________________.Now let us pray as Jesus has taught us:

Our Father which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name.Thy kingdom come.Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.Give us this day our daily bread.And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil:

for thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever and ever.Amen.西方传统婚礼上牧师的证言

第三篇：花木兰电影解析-英文

Instructor’s Name June 27, 16

The Adaption of Chinese Traditional Legend MuLan

GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 1

Abstract MuLan is a legend story from ancient China back to Bei Dynasty.The original story is telling a girl called Mu Lan, she disguised herself as a man to join the army on behalf of her sick and old father.As the legend is influential in history, there are lots of adaptions came to the market, and the most influential one is the classic movie from Walt Disney.This assay will be focus about the points of view which different from original legend and the movie.By the character Mu Lan, the adaption version changed the Chinese traditional woman future into a girl who is more western and vivid and she has more friends in movie than legend;The movie also added the element of love with Li Xiang;Also, the description of war in detail has been added than original.The theme of the movie portrayed a girl who is self-fulfillment, chasing for freedom and love which the original legend did not tell this part.That is the reason Walt Disney’s culture background entitled this change.There are 3 parts of my essay :The exploration of the original legend and the adaption movie, what are the changed parts;The analysis of why these adaption happened;My understanding of the adaption, which version I prefer and why.Part I The Chinese Legend Mu Lan & The Walt Disney Mu Lan The original legend story was wrote in ancient China.To say the background of that time, during the war, every family in her country need to contribute a male person to join GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 2 the army.In Mu Lan’s family, there is only a man there, her father who is really sick and old.So the story starts :“jiji(the sound of loom), there is no sound of the loom but only heavily sigh from Mu Lan.Ask she what is she thinking, she said yesterday I saw the military conscription.There is no brothers in my family ,I have only a old father.I am willing to go instead of my father.Mu Lan bought all the things need and farewell to her parents, join the war until few years later, the military won the war, the king asked she what do HE want after the war, Mu Lan said she doesn't want any trasure, she want a horse and get back home.So she get back home as a girl eventually, which surprise all her friends because no one knows she is a girl.” This is a short and complete story of Mu Lan in original.The movie adapted lots of part as well as kept some parts of original.Here I will point out two parts in difference.First Adaption :The outline of Mu Lan.In the original legend, there are only 2 part of word described what Mu Lan looks like: at the beginning of the legend, “she sighed.” and she back home she took of she clothing and change it back to female dresses with flowers on her head..You can tell Mu Lan is a traditional Chinese girl, weak and pretty— a sigh, isn't she soft and need protection? In the movie, Mu Lan talk loudly, laugh loudly.She is not a weak and soft girl in the movie.The movie starts the same point as the original, the motivation is the same : she joint the army on behalf of her father.But she is not a girl who suits her original living environment.She does not want to stay in her little valley for the rest of her life, she want to be some one who have her own life in hand.she also had a boyfriend which she loved instead of by arrangement.There is no love relationship mentioned in original legend;Third part is about the war description : GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 3 in the legend, Mu Lan heard when she was in the war-she about the people are killing each other, she can not hear anything from her home, she is away from home.She was very brave because she was missing her home and she also behaved very good to be promoted as a big general and she is thanked by the king by her outstanding performance in the army;In the adaption version of movie, Mu Lan was encouraged by her boyfriend and she is a solider instead of a general by the war end.No king gave her any word by her outstanding behavior during the war.In all , Mu Lan is a soft and weak in heart girl in the original legend:She may not have her willing to control her destiny such as a love relationship but she works hard for gaining reputation and hoping to do something good for her parents.The Mu Lan in the movie is cute and alive, she is willing to control her life and she adores love and hope to be loved.She follows her heart instead of been obedience to her parents for the rest of her life.Second Adaption: The Core Storyline.The original legend is telling a story that a daughter tried to join the army on behalf of her father.The motivation of Mu Lan is to be a dutiful daughter to her father and nothing else matters.“If it not because of her father, Mu Lan herself doesn't have any motivation of join the army, in spite of try to be equal with men”.She is doing housework home and satisfy her life;During the time she was in army, she is always missing her parents;so all these can be said Mu Lan is a dutiful girl and she is not willing to take big challenge for fitful her own willings.That is why after the war, she doesn't want anything from the king, high titles , career, money, she just wants go home and doing her obligation.The movie is somehow different of why Mu Lan goes to army.Mu Lan was arranged by their parents to see someone and prepare for a arranged marriage which she doesn't like it at all.So her motivation is more about GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 4 herself.She is girl full of self-fulfillment, so when the woman matchmaker complained about Mu Lan is not a bride who can honor her family, Mu Lan tried to look inside herself and find the value in her heart.Once there is a chance for her(her father need to join army by the call of duty)So the real motivation for Mu Lan, original is for her family duty, the adaption is for herself.When it comes to the war, Mu Lan was found she is a girl, she said she want to prove herself.Mu Lan here in adaption version is a girl with American Dream.Part II The analysis of the adaption

Assume that the background changed, if Mu Lan’s father is not requested to join the army, the adapted Mu Lan may also try to find other opportunities to prove herself.Help her father to join the army is just one of those opportunities: she used her dog to feed her chicken, write the “should be” on her arm when she arranged to see the matchmaker,she is not traditional Mu Lan.Disney used this feature to describe Mu Lan to cater to mainstream of US value : Individualism.This value is the opposite of collectivism.Individualism deem the person in society is independent.So everyone have their independent ideas, rights and freedom.So the personal value is the most important part than obligations.From the legend , the man priority is the mainstream value in traditional China but movie changed it.In the legend, Mu Lan is using the loom at home we can tell she is kind of girl who will not stand out her family and change the tradition.But the adaption GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 5 version of Mu Lan , she is not obey what other people told her should to, she should be quiet when she was in the bride test, she said loudly “I am here.” When her father was sent to army, her traditional female mother said nothing at the house gate but crying.Mu Lan rushed out and drag her father’s hand and did not allow her to go.The reason caused these adaption is because the culture difference between Chinese and American.The value difference is the core.In China, the value of collectivism is the most important part in society, in long run of history, the agriculture is the economic base, so the collectivism could help people survive in the society, the unit is family.The family organization influent most the Chinese family, so do the duties to the parents is the most important part.The right of succession is by family blood, male to female, older to young, so this succession tradition influenced women’s position and the limit of people will be influenced by their economic position.To be different, the American was influenced by individualism.The American Dream saying that no matter your background, who you are, if you have a dream you should reach and grab it by yourself.This value is developed by Renaissance world view, the Declaration of Independence also mentioned that people are born fair, the rights are all equals to people.American people raise up their children by a individual person and respect their personality;their child who is over 18 years old should try to raise up themselves instead of living together;when you become adult , you don't have to share your money your parents.The original Mu Lan is try to praise Chinese traditions so do the adaption version, that is why the difference come.GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 6 Part III My Understanding A tradition story and a movie are two symbols.Legend is using the words, so the audience will use their imagination to image their own version of hamlet.For Mu Lan, it is a short story, i.e.there are only 30 words to describe the detail of the war, but the movie put two more characters and used more than 10 mins to draw how a brave girl Mu Lan is.That is to say, movie has to be adapted.Personally I love more the adaption movie.I have to the the way with visual and real words will attract me more than ancient Chinese words.The description of Mu Lan, a lovely girl compare with the one from the legend, she is alive and I can really image who she is instead of legend Mu Lan because she is too control herself.The reason I think is because the value inside me is that I buy in American Dream instead of born duties.I think most of the audience who love this movie more than the legend is because of that.Walt Disney is selling this movie to mostly western countries so they must know the value in people’s minds which can create the sympathetic response to the audience which I think is smart.In all its a commercial company, they should know better of the market.That is why this movie achieved big success in box office till now, people can recall the detail easily.In all, the adaption is a successful adaption which attracts audience.GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 7

Work Cited 1)Zheng Wei, The banana Mu Lan—Adaption of Mu Lan in the movie, 《Chang An Literature》 2008 2)Brosten,G, Pers Soc Psychol Review, 2003;7(2):129-45.Individual Group and Individual Interest.3)Ronald Inglehart , Daphna Oyserman , Ronald Inglehart , Daphna Oyserman, 1999,INDIVIDUALISM, AUTONOMY AND SELF-EXPRESSION: THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT SYNDROME

GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 8

第四篇：英文租房广告常用语解析

英文租房广告常用语解析

英文租房广告常用语解析英文租房广告常用语解析租房是一件头痛的事，尤其是现在房子难租。如果你想练习英文，不妨考虑租老外的房子。不光可以把选择范围扩大，还可以乘机了解东西方文化的差异。看西人报纸的租房广告，新来的人往往被一大串缩写搞得迷糊了。以下是一个简单的例子，教你如何理解英文租房广告。

FINCE-WARDEN, lrg 2br bsmt, new reno bright, lndry, eat-in kit, w-o balc, close to HSR/shops.No smoke/pets, +, 1st/last.222-2222leave mess打电话222-2222留言联系房东

第五篇：陈冠希英文道歉全面解析

前言：真的没想到陈冠希会用全英文做道歉陈述,虽然知道他是CBC(Canadian Born Chinese),但英文水平还是让我佩服。他500多字的道歉信, 用词准确地道，词汇难度较高，包含了50多个考研(雅思)核心词汇，经过改编完全可以成为一篇高质量的考研完形填空，或雅思阅读理解。Edison这小子英文用词的难度达到了考研英语（国内最变态英语考试）的要求，如果参加雅思考试估计8分以上不成问题。

1.Today I have come back to Hong Kong to stand before you and account for myself.I have never escaped from my responsibility.During the past few weeks, I have been with my mother and my family and my loved ones to show support and care and at the same time to have them support and care for me.核心词汇解析

account for 1)说明，解释；2)占…比例

escape from从…逃脱, 推卸责任

escape=es(ex=out)+ cape(catch)

2.There is no doubt whoever obtained these photos have them uploaded on the Internet with malicious and deliberate intent.This matter has deteriorated to the extent that society as a whole has been affected by this.In this regard, I am deeply saddened.I would like now to apologize to all the people for all the suffering that has been caused and the problems tha 1

t have arisen from this.I would like to apologize to all the ladies and to all their families for any harm or hurt that they have been feeling.I am sorry.I would like to also apologize to my mother and my father for the pain and suffering I have caused them during the past few weeks.Most importantly, I would like to say sorry to all the people of Hong Kong.I give my apology sincerely to you all, unreservedly and with my heart.核心词汇解析

upload = up + load vt.上传(图片, 文件等)

download = down + load vt.下载(图片，文件等)

单词组记: mal-=bad坏

malice = mal + ice(冰)n.恶意;【律】预谋, 蓄意 [助记]在路上放一块冰，想让陈冠希滑倒，这是有预谋的恶意伤害。

malicious= malice(恶意)+ ious(形容词)a.恶意的mal-function n.功能紊乱

mal-nutrition n.营养不良

maltreat = mal + treat(对待)vt.虐待

单词组记: libra天平, deliberate, liberate, liberty, libertine, libido

一直到现在，英国的法院门口还站立着古希腊象征法律精神的正义女神(DICE)的雕像，她左手拿着神圣的天平Libra，象征着权衡和平等；右手拿着宝剑，象征着裁决和力量；眼睛被布蒙着，象征绝对的公正无私。

deliberate = de(强调)+ libera(=libra)+ ate a.深思熟虑的, 故意的 [助记] 把你的想法放在天平上称量，引申为深思熟虑的，深思熟虑的结果当然是故意的liberate = liber(自由=libera)+ ate vt.解放(让人民获得自由)

自由和天平有什么关系呢？

天平的主要作用就是要让两边重量相等，平等。解放全人类不就是让人民平等吗？人民解放军PLA：People’s Liberation Army liberation的职责就是解放全中国让中国人民平等自由

liberty n.自由

libertine这个单词叫“浪荡子”，原来就是“特别自由的人”的意思，” 挺（tin）自由（liber）的”

libido弗洛伊德的著作里面，他造出一个表示“性动力”的单词libido（中文翻译成“利比多”），表达的就是这种本源的不受控制的力量。

单词组记:deteriorate,interior, exterior, territory

deteriorate = de(down)+ terior(土地)+ate(动词)v.使恶化;败坏(风俗);使变坏(品质等)[助记] 品格败坏的人就应该入土活埋。

interior = in(into)+ terior(土地)a.内部的，国内的interior design 室内设计专业

exterior = ex(out)+ terior(土地)a.外部的，国外的territory = territ(=terior)+ ory(地方)n.版图，疆土

to the extent 到了….程度

in this regard 在这一点上 = in this case

单词组记: 神奇的-en可以把形容词名词变为你想要的动词

sadden = sad + d + en vt.使人悲哀

strengthen = strength(strong的名词)+ en vt.加强（力量）

weaken = weak + en vt.削弱

lengthen = length(long的名词)+ en vt.延长

shorten = short + en vt.缩短

tighten = tight + en vt.拉紧

loosen = loose + en vt.放松

还有一个超级牛的单词前后都加en

enlighten= en + light + en vt.启蒙；（用思想）照亮

intent n.意图，打算

unreservedly = un + reserved(保留的)+ ly(副词)adv.毫无保留地

3.During my time away, I have made an important decision.I will whole-heartedly fulfill all commitments that I have to date.But after that, I decided to step away from the Hong Kong entertainment industry.I have decided to do this to give myself an opportunity to heal myself and to search my soul.I will dedicate my time to charity and community work within the next few months.I will be away from Hong Kong entertainment industry indefinitely.There is no time frame.核心词汇解析

whole-heatedly 全心全意地;single-mindedly一心一意地

fulfill one's commitment vt.履行…的诺言

entertainment industry 娱乐业

health =heal(恢复健康)+th(名词)

heal(v.治愈，恢复)是health的反向构词

dedicate to 把...奉献给,投身于...charity = char(=care关心)+ ity(名词)n.慈善，慈善事业 [助记]关心穷人就是做慈善

4.Lastly, I would like to thank everyone for coming here today and listening to what I have to say.I would like to also apologize once again to all the ladies and their families, my family and to everyone in Hong Kong and everyone in our society.I am deeply saddened by this.And I apologize to everyone(who)has to go through this.I would like to also thank you for giving me this opportunity to say what I have wanted to say all along in my heart.I hope, after today, I can have your forgiveness.With regard to this case, with everything, everything that has happened, I am deeply sorry.I hope you all accept my apology and give me a chance.Thank you.