从外交部长杨洁箎回母校说起范文合集

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第一篇:从外交部长杨洁箎回母校说起

从外交部长杨洁箎回母校说起 ——怀念上外附校创始人之一王汝琪同志

外交部长、上外附校1966届校友杨洁箎10月30日回母校看望师生,见到了当年的老校长刘葆宏、班主任朱充以及老教师谢光宇和荣新民等。他还参观了焕然一新的校园,看到了“模拟联合国”教室和同声传译教室等现代教学设备,赞叹今天附校学生拥有的优越学习条件。我想,杨部长可能会想起,当年他进校初还暂借杨浦中学上课,第二学期才迁入在建的校舍生活,一切都比较困难。我想,很多人可能不一定清楚当年上外附校是在什么样的情况下办起的,当年的老校长、老教师是如何来到附校任职任教的,更不一定清楚上外附校为什么能在开办不久就得到社会的公认和领导的赞许。我记得,1964年6月附校学生在上海中小学校外语汇报演出会上表现突出,文汇报进行了采访和报导,在全市产生了良好影响。1965年3月教育部外语教育司在附校召开了全国外语教学现场会,介绍附校的外语情景教学和听说领先,获得同行的好评。

为了回答上述一系列问题,笔者最近查阅了有关的档案资料,采访了当年的几位当事人和见证人。

上世纪60年代初,我国对外交往日渐频繁,越来越多的国家同我国建立了外交关系,外语人才特别是高水平的外语人才深感不足。为了解决这个问题,周恩来总理、陈毅副总理、廖承志副委员长倡议采取从小学到大学“一条龙”培养外语人才的办法,为培养高级外语人才奠定扎实的外语基础。邓小习近平总书记对此也很重视,国务院和中宣部曾专门下达文件。1959年在北京创办北京外国语学院附属中学。1962年8月教育部给有关省市教育厅局发出指示,1963年秋分别在上海、广州、重庆、长春、西安等市各创办一所外国语学校。1962年11月上海市高教局、教育局发文决定,1963年秋季开办一所外国语学校作为上海外国语学院的附属中小学。上海市委非常重视上外附校的筹建工作,由市委副书记兼教卫工作部部长杨西光亲自挂帅,由市高教局、教育局及上海外国语学院三方合作,由上海外国语学院筹建,上外决定由院党委常委、副院长王汝琪分工负责。王汝琪同志受命后,立即成立了由陈伟、刘犁、韩坤等组成的附校筹备工作组。筹备组面临的第一件大事是校舍问题。王汝琪同志对此抓得很紧,首先决定选址在紧靠上外的中山北一路。据韩坤同志回忆,王汝琪同志曾亲临校址现场、亲自审阅设计和施工图纸,强调教学楼、办公楼、食堂、宿舍、体育场等均应兼顾中、小学生的年龄特征和外语寄宿学校的特殊需求。她还强调,质量要保证,时间要抓紧,我们仅用了一年多的时间就完成了一个拥有一万二千余平方米的教学、生活用房及体育场的附校校舍。

筹备组面临的第二件大事是配备附校领导班子。王汝琪同志对此特别重视。她争取市委副书记杨西光的支持,并与市教育局协商,从全市中学里选调金陵大学理科毕业、化学特级教师、教务副主任刘葆宏任校长。她又从上外选调俄语教师陈伟任党支部书记兼副校长。同时,她又要求院教务处教学法教师刘犁专门负责联系并协助附校的外语教学工作。这样,附校的各项工作就迅速纳入轨道。筹备组面临的第三件大事是做好各项教学准备工作。据刘犁同志回忆,在制订教学计划时王汝琪同志强调,课程设臵要与普通中小学相同,但外语要20人小班上课,课时要增加到每周6-10节。王汝琪同志说,必须进行教学改革才能提高质量,办出特色。在招生工作上王汝琪同志十分注意,选好苗子。据刘葆宏回忆,1963年秋,附校在全市公开招生,各小学均可推荐,最后约800余人参加考试,从中选拔了小三(3个班)120名,初一(3个班)120名。王汝琪同志逐一查阅成绩,审查名单,对新生质量表示满意。

据刘葆宏回忆,开学以后,王汝琪同志与附校领导班子约定:每周碰头一次以互通情况,研讨问题。这个约定坚持到1966年6月初。开学不久,王汝琪同志首先发现英语教师的发音不一致。她就亲自请英语语音专家许天福到附校以林格风为标准帮助教师正音。第二,是补充各教学组长和学科带头人。王汝琪同志从大学英、德、法系抽调骨干教师陆飞霞、顾芸英、沈怀洁,又在杨西光的支持下,调进了惠同心、谢光宇、张尧基、薛君球、彭东霞、胡守恒、蔡小谢等一批骨干教师。据刘犁同志回忆,王汝琪同志对外语学科的师资队伍尤为关心,她亲自到英语系听课,选拔了谭文兰、沈琴惠、杨性义等优秀毕业生进入附校。她还派人到小学部听外语课,调进了黄凤琳等优秀教师。

王汝琪同志对附校的教育工作全面关怀。据刘葆宏回忆,她往常对附校领导班子说,要关心学生德智体诸方面的发展,尤其要重视爱国主义教育。特别强调要关心学生的生活和健康,一定要办好伙食。在她的启发下,刘葆宏想法从市东中学引进了优秀厨师何国栋。附校的伙食自此得到好评。

在王汝琪同志的关怀下,在附中领导班子和师生的共同努力下,附中的英语教学走出了一条新路子。据刘犁同志回忆:附校开办后,王汝琪同志时常强调,附校的英语教学决不能走普通学校传统的教学路子,必须要有新的突破,走出新路子来。大家认识到,教学改革成败的关键在教师,只有教师认识到教改的必要性、自觉自愿、积极主动地教改,并有正确的教学理念指导教改,才有可能成功。王汝琪同志深思熟虑后向附校领导提出:一是要多方设法提升教师们当一名外国语学校教师的荣誉感和责任感;二要走群众路线,鼓励教师相互听课,取长补短,共同研讨教学中出现的问题,集思广益,群策群力,克服困难,并肩前进;三要教师学习启发式教育思想,运用一分为二的方法辩证地处理教学中的各种矛盾,找出解决的方法。正是在王汝琪同志的指引和参与下,教师们经过半年时间的教研活动,找出了教学中的矛盾,辩证地处理好知识与技能的关系、听说读写四会的关系、教师主导作用与学生学习主动性自主性的关系、学习积极性与语言正确性的关系、熟记与活用的关系,等等。

教师们的认识统一了,新的教学理念形成了。于是,王汝琪同志和附中领导研究决定:从1964年新学年开始,在初一和小三试行新的教学理念和教学方法。新学年开始后,教师们鼓足干劲,决心走自己的道路,为创造我国自己的科学的外语教学法而努力。首先,大家大胆自编教材,打破“语音为纲”、“语法为纲”、“句型为主”的旧框框,以题材为中心,内容结合学生生活和思想实际,语言易于上口;其次,针对学生年纪小、反应快、模仿力强、记忆力好、胆子大等特点,实行听说创先、读写跟上的教法;第三,采用各种生动活泼的教学手段和创设各种情景,培养学生口语能力,启发引导学生产生学习和使用语言的需要,主动学习新的语言材料,并能新旧结合,边学边用;第四,利用学生住读的有利条件,积极组织各种外语课外活动;第五,着重考查学生综合运用语言的能力,改变以往死扣错误数量的机械评分方法。此外,教师的群众观点加强了,深入学生做调查工作,听取学生的意见和要求,发扬教学民主,既调动了学生的积极性,又增进了师生友谊。半年后,英语教改初见成效:

1、课堂空气生动活泼,学生学得积极主动;

2、学生听说能力有明显的提高,整堂课好像师生在用英语通话;

3、学到的语言材料———单词、动词、句型比年同期多一半以上,而且语言比较丰富多样,表达的范围也广得多;

4、课外负担大大减轻,学生从繁重的外语作业中解放出来,能积极参加各项外语课外活动和文体活动。在一次全市中小学外语演出会上,附中一位小三学生当场用英语讲述自编的长达15分钟的故事,语言流畅地道,博得全场赞扬。附中还曾几次为全市举行有数百人参加的大型英语公开课,听众反响良好,在一定程度上促进了中小学的外语教学。

1965年3月,教育部在上外附校召开了大型的英语教学现场会议。会议期间,来自全国各地29所高等外语院校和14所外国语学校的领导和教学骨干不仅听了几堂公开课,而且还自由进入平行班的课堂听课或与师生广泛交谈。教育部外语司领导以及与会代表对上外附校领导励精图治、敢于创新,教工勤奋工作,学生刻苦学习,上下一致,共同为办好外国语学校、走出一条教学新路子所作的努力给予了充分的肯定。外语司决定推广附中的这一教法。

会后,附中经过集体讨论而形成了《听说领先式和听说领先法的工作报告》试点工作总结报告,经过王汝琪同志亲自审定后,发表在《外语教学与研究》1965年第3期上。

今年是上外60周年校庆,上外附校建校也46年了。抚今追昔,感慨万端。喜看今日之上外附校已是根深叶茂,成了名符其实的“增养外语外交人才的摇篮”(钱其琛同志为附中30周年校庆题词)。一年又一年,她为国内外知名高等学府输送了一批有一批具有扎实外语基础的优质生源。经过继续培养和锻炼,附中毕业生中涌现了许许多多出类拔萃的高级外语外交人才和各类高水平外语人才。据杨洁篪部长说:“如今在外交部的上外毕业生已达127位。”据了解,这其中上外附小也是他们母校的也有许多人,如外交部副部长王光亚、在外交部从事重要工作的乐爱妹、刘备芳等,还有驻外大使级职级的崔天凯、吴仰禹、施隆壮、李蓓芬等等。此外,还有在国内外知名高等学府、研究所任教授、博导、研究员的,如1967届附校毕业生马立平现在美国丹佛尔大学卡内兰研究所任高级研究员,还有王金珍在中国对外贸易促进会任副会长;张伊兴任上海市外办副主任;在中国远洋航空公司任CEO的有张际庆等人;在我们上外,冯庆华任校党委副书记,张定銓、范晓雷、缪建华、汤本庆、徐秋圆等附校历届毕业生如今都是教学、科研和管理工作骨干。今日之上外附校已成为享誉中外、知名度很高的一所外国语学校,她的累累硕果是对附校创始人之一王汝淇同志的最佳回报和告慰。上世纪五、六十年代,笔者曾在上外党委任机要秘书。王汝琪同志是一位和蔼可亲的革命前辈。她早年毕业于复旦大学法律系,外语水平也不错,40年代赴延安,从事抗日救亡及妇联工作。建国后,曾任司法部司长、顾问;曾被选为中共八大代表、全国妇联执委。1959年被调入上海新华医院,61年调入上外。她领导能力很强,工作效率高。她视部属为同志加朋友,和她相处感到十分亲切。她对人关怀备至,体贴入微,有的干部、教师身体不好,有的干部家属小孩有病,她都记在心上,用心一一帮助解决,使受惠者铭记终身。王汝琪同志在创办附校的工作中成绩卓著,有目共睹,大家对她十分敬佩。她在1978年上调北京后,大家都很想念她。凡是有机会到北京去的人,都会去看望她。在她去世后,大家还常常怀念她。在上外60周年校庆之际,以此文告慰敬爱的王汝淇同志。

第二篇:外交部长杨洁篪新年招待会祝酒辞

【口译笔记】外交部长杨洁篪新年招待会祝酒辞04:展望2011 女士们、先生们: Ladies and Gentlemen,2011年是新世纪第二个十年的开启之年。世界多极化趋势将继续发展,世界经济复苏和变革进程将继续演进,各国围绕后危机时期转变发展方式、提高综合国力的合作与互动将继续深化。2011年也是中国“十二五”规划的开局之年。中国将进入全面建设小康社会的关键时期和深化改革开放、加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期。

The year 2011 marks the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century.The world will continue to move towards multi-polarity, while the process of global economic recovery and reform will further evolve.Countries will engage in deeper cooperation and interactions as they endeavor to transform their economic development patterns and enhance overall national strength in the post-crisis era.Next year marks the start of the implementation of China's 12th five-year plan.We will enter a crucial period in our effort to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform and opening-up and accelerate the transformation of the economic development pattern.【注】

经济复苏—— economic recovery 后危机时期—— post-crisis era 发展方式—— development patterns 综合国力—— overall national strength 中国“十二五”规划—— China's 12th five-year plan 全面建设小康社会—— build a moderately prosperous society in all respects

关键时期/攻坚时期—— a crucial period 改革开放—— reform and opening-up

中国与世界的发展目标一致,合作领域更加广阔,面临着新的历史机遇。我们将积极顺应国际国内形势的新变化新要求,始终不渝走和平发展道路,始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略,坚持和平发展、科学发展、合作发展、共赢发展,与国际社会一道,为促进世界和平、稳定与繁荣作出新的贡献。

With the same development goals, China and the rest of the world will enjoy a wider arc of cooperation and face new historic opportunities.We will proactively adapt ourselves to the new developments and needs of the domestic and international situation, stay committed to the path of peaceful development, unswervingly follow the win-win strategy of opening-up, pursue peaceful, scientific, cooperative and win-win development, and work with other countries to make greater contributions to world peace, stability and prosperity.【注】

新的历史机遇—— new historic opportunities 国际国内形势—— domestic and international situation 始终不渝—— stay committed to/ unswervingly

重点记忆

1、开启之年 开局之年 —— 这样的词汇不必拘泥四字格的形式,注重其义才是更好的处理方式。无论是开启或是开局,终究还是一个“开始”的表现形式。译文里灵活地使用了 beginning及start,表义清晰,与原文也有异曲同工之妙。另外,本段中的“关键时期”与“攻坚时期”亦同理。

2、坚持和平发展、科学发展、合作发展、共赢发展

persue peaceful, scientific, cooperative and win-win development 当然,这样的句式有时候也可以选择完整表达,争取下文的翻译时间 例:推动经济建设、政治建设、文化建设与和谐社会建设全面发展

promote simultaneously our economic development, political development, cultural development and the development of a harmonious society

3、“始终不渝”是外交及改革的高频词汇,温总理关于楼市的“三惟有”里其一便是“惟有始终不渝地维护社会公平正义”。举一反三,“一如既往”实际上也是同义词,译法类似,以后文中遇到便可转换使用。

例:一如既往地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策

always follow an independent foreign policy of peace 在这一过程中,中国与各国的互利合作得到进一步(深化)①,(政治、经济、人文等各领域)②交流得到新的拓展,在国际体系改革和国际多边事务中的协调合作得到不断增强。2010年是中国与世界联系更加密切、互动更为加强、合作进一步提升的一年,是中国为(世界的和平稳定与发展)③做出新的贡献的一年。

During this process, the mutually beneficial cooperation between China and other countries has further deepened, our exchanges in the political, economic, cultural and other fields expanded, and our coordination and

cooperation in the reform of the international system and multilateral affairs strengthened.This has been a year marked by closer links, greater interactions and stronger cooperation between China and the world, and by China's new contributions to world peace, stability and development.【注】

协调合作—— coordination and cooperation 多边事物—— multilateral affairs

2010年也是中国和平发展进程中不平凡的一年。我们战胜青海玉树地震、舟曲特大泥石流等自然灾害,(确保经济平稳较快发展)③,成功举办上海世博会、广州亚运会,顺利完成嫦娥二号卫星探月任务。在这一过程中,我们得到了世界各国的广泛理解和真诚帮助。在此,我愿向各国政府及各位驻华使节对中国的宝贵支持表示衷心的感谢。

The year 2010 has also been an eventful year in the course of China's peaceful development.We have overcome such natural disasters as the Yushu earthquake and the massive Zhouqu mudslide.We have ensured the steady and relatively fast economic development, successfully hosted the Shanghai World Expo and the Asian Games in Guangzhou, and accomplished the Chang'e-2 lunar probe mission.In all these efforts, we have received broad understanding and sincere help from other countries.I wish to take this opportunity to express heartfelt thanks to all the governments and to you, diplomatic envoys in China, for the valuable support.【注】

青海玉树地震—— Yushu earthquake 舟曲特大泥石流—— massive Zhouqu mudslide 自然灾害—— natural disasters 上海世博会—— Shanghai World Expo

广州亚运会—— Asian Games in Guangzhou 嫦娥二号卫星探月任务—— Chang'e-2 lunar probe mission

新闻必备

①、深化—— deepen是中式英语大行其道的又一例证,这个官场必备的场面话更为地道的表达有intensify/promote/facilitate等词。

例:我们要深化教育改革,全面推进素质教育。

We will intensify the educational reform and promote the quality-oriented education in an all-round way.②、政治、经济、人文等各领域:并列词出现在不同句子里时,要注意是名词形式好,还是形容词形式更适合,当然词性统一最为重要。

例:经济、贸易、科技和文化合作

economic/trade/scientific/technological cooperation

③、世界的和平稳定与发展,确保经济平稳较快发展(ensure the steady and relatively fast economic development)(一起来记吧)

例:我们要正确处理(改革/发展/稳定)的关系,确保经济平稳较快发展。

We will appropriately balance reform, development and stability, and maintain steady and rapid economic growth.“加强”还能怎么表达,“向…表示感谢”还有哪些译法?—— 戳我直达>>

第三篇:外交部长杨洁篪在2011年新年招待会上的祝酒辞

外交部长杨洁篪在2011年新年招待会上的祝酒辞

Toast by Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi At the New Year Reception

2010年12月7日,钓鱼台国宾馆芳菲苑

Fangfeiyuan, Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, 7 December 2010

尊敬的戴秉国国务委员,尊敬的各位使节、代表和夫人,各位同事、女士们、先生们、朋友们:

Your Excellency State Councilor Dai Bingguo,Your Excellencies Diplomatic Envoys,Representatives of International Organizations and Your Spouses,Dear Colleagues,Ladies and Gentlemen,Dear Friends,今天,我们再次在这里欢聚一堂,共迎新年。令我们特别高兴的是,戴秉国国务委员和有关部门的负责人拨冗出席今天的晚会,与各位使节和新老朋友共叙友谊。一年来,各位驻华使节和夫人以及各位外交官们为增进相互了解、促进友好合作付出了辛勤的劳动,做出了宝贵贡献。我谨代表外交部并以我个人名义,向各位来宾致以最美好的节日祝福,向所有关心和支持中国外交的朋友们表示衷心的感谢!

We are once again gathered here on this joyful occasion to celebrate the New Year.And we are especially pleased to have with us today State Councilor Dai Bingguo and officials of relevant government agencies to renew friendship with Your Excellencies and other friends, old and new.Over the past year, Your Excellencies Ambassadors and your spouses and other diplomats have worked tirelessly to enhance our mutual understanding and promote friendship and cooperation and made invaluable contributions.On behalf of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in my own name, I wish to extend festive greetings to you and express heartfelt thanks to all the friends who have shown care and support for China's diplomacy.2010年是世界经济总体摆脱金融危机阴霾、步入复苏轨道的重要一年。国际经济体系改革深入推进,多边主义和互利共赢的理念更加深入人心。同时,世界经济复苏的脆弱性和不平衡性仍然存在,气候变化、能源安全、粮食安全、防灾减灾等全球性挑战更加突出,热点问题时有升温,影响和平发展的因素更加复杂多元。面对国际形势的复杂深刻变化,各国努力以合作谋和平,以稳定促发展,表现出和衷共济、共迎挑战的坚定决心。在这一过程中,中国与各国的互利合作得到进一步深化,政治、经济、人文等各领域交流得到新的拓展,在国际体系改革和国际多边事务中的协调合作得到不断增强。2010年是中国与世界联系更加密切、互动更为加强、合作进一步提升的一年,是中国为世界的和平稳定与发展做出新的贡献的一年。

The year 2010 has been an important year for the overall world economy to emerge from the shadow of the financial crisis and embark on the track of recovery.Reform of the international

economic system has gathered momentum, while multilateralism and win-win cooperation have won greater popular support.On the other hand, the world economic recovery remains fragile and uneven.Global challenges such as climate change, energy security, food security and disaster prevention and reduction have become more pronounced.Hotspot issues have heated up from time to time, and factors bearing on peace and development have got more complex and diverse.In the face of complex and profound changes on the world scene, all countries have worked hard to pursue peace through cooperation and promote development through enhanced stability, displaying a strong resolve to meet challenges with concerted efforts.During this process, the mutually beneficial cooperation between China and other countries has further deepened, our exchanges in the political, economic, cultural and other fields expanded, and our coordination and cooperation in the reform of the international system and multilateral affairs strengthened.This has been a year marked by closer links, greater interactions and stronger cooperation between China and the world, and by China's new contributions to world peace, stability and development.2010年也是中国和平发展进程中不平凡的一年。我们战胜青海玉树地震、舟曲特大泥石流等自然灾害,确保经济平稳较快发展,成功举办上海世博会、广州亚运会,顺利完成嫦娥二号卫星探月任务。在这一过程中,我们得到了世界各国的广泛理解和真诚帮助。在此,我愿向各国政府及各位驻华使节对中国的宝贵支持表示衷心的感谢。

The year 2010 has also been an eventful year in the course of China's peaceful development.We have overcome such natural disasters as the Yushu earthquake and the massive Zhouqu mudslide.We have ensured the steady and relatively fast economic development, successfully hosted the Shanghai World Expo and the Asian Games in Guangzhou, and accomplished the Chang'e-2 lunar probe mission.In all these efforts, we have received broad understanding and sincere help from other countries.I wish to take this opportunity to express heartfelt thanks to all the governments and to you, diplomatic envoys in China, for the valuable support.女士们、先生们:

Ladies and Gentlemen,2011年是新世纪第二个十年的开启之年。世界多极化趋势将继续发展,世界经济复苏和变革进程将继续演进,各国围绕后危机时期转变发展方式、提高综合国力的合作与互动将继续深化。2011年也是中国“十二五”规划的开局之年。中国将进入全面建设小康社会的关键时期和深化改革开放、加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期。中国与世界的发展目标一致,合作领域更加广阔,面临着新的历史机遇。我们将积极顺应国际国内形势的新变化新要求,始终不渝走和平发展道路,始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略,坚持和平发展、科学发展、合作发展、共赢发展,与国际社会一道,为促进世界和平、稳定与繁荣作出新的贡献。

The year 2011 marks the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century.The world will continue to move towards multi-polarity, while the process of global economic recovery and reform will further evolve.Countries will engage in deeper cooperation and interactions as they endeavor to transform their economic development patterns and enhance overall national strength in the post-crisis era.Next year marks the start of the implementation of China's 12th five-year

plan.We will enter a crucial period in our effort to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform and opening-up and accelerate the transformation of the economic development pattern.With the same development goals, China and the rest of the world will enjoy a wider arc of cooperation and face new historic opportunities.We will proactively adapt ourselves to the new developments and needs of the domestic and international situation, stay committed to the path of peaceful development, unswervingly follow the win-win strategy of opening-up, pursue peaceful, scientific, cooperative and win-win development, and work with other countries to make greater contributions to world peace, stability and prosperity.一元复始,万象更新。在新的一年里,我们期待着继续与各位使节和朋友保持良好合作,共同为推动双边关系发展而不懈努力!

With the beginning of the new year, everything takes on a new look.We look forward to continuing our good cooperation in the coming year for the sustained growth of our relations.现在,我提议:

I now propose a toast,为促进世界和平发展的共同事业,to our common cause of world peace and development,为中国与各国友好合作不断加强,to greater friendship and cooperation between China and other countries, and

为各位来宾、朋友的健康幸福,to the health and happiness of you all.干杯!

Cheers!

第四篇:从读书说起

泥土如是说之一: 从“读书”说起

同学们

作为一个快退休的老师,我有很多话想对你们说,我很想把我对这个世界的一些认识和经验更多的告诉你们,如果能对你们的学习或今后的人生有那么一点帮助,就是我最大的欣慰。

那我们就从“读书”说起吧。

“读书”,是我们接触最多使用最频繁的词语之一,可有多少人认真思考或玩味过这个词语呢?比如“读书”到底有哪些含义,可以从哪些方面去理解,与我们的生活或人生有些什么关系,与我们人类或文明有些什么关系,诸如此类的问题大家思考过没有?这是大的方面。小的方面,读什么书,怎么读,读来有什么用,这些直接关系我们当前生活的问题,大家去认真琢磨过没有?我们很小就被大人送到学校去读书,直到今天,有人问你在做什么,你也可能说我在读书,(我还没工作),那么泥土老师我呢,我已经苍颜白发快退休了,有人问我这段时间在做什么,我也可能会回答我在读书,同样说“读书”,可它们的意思一致吗?这些问题也值得玩味。

当然,读书也不是个多艰深多玄奥的话题,更不是个陌生的话题。有关它的格言警句名人典故我想各位只需眉头一皱就会背出一大串,你看我们教室、走廊,哪里没有林林种种关于读书的箴言?这里我就不想再浪费时间去说那些正确的废话了。我想说的是我认为能引起大家更具体更深入思考的东西,或一些似是而非容易让人犯糊涂的问题。

读书到底有没有用?还用问?怎么会没用呢?这简直不应该是一个问题,可是,在我这短短的几十年中,就实实在在经历了或见证了3次读书无用的思潮。

第一次是在上世纪70年代,那是被称为我国历史上“空前浩劫”的文化大革命时代,社会上弥漫着读书无用的情绪。在人们的言谈中,经常可以听到“读书用啥用?越读越倒霉”这样的话语。所谓思潮,就是说不是少数人而是很多人这样想;不光是这样想,而是真真实实的这样认同。任何现象都有产生它的原因。当时的社会的的确确有大量的事实明摆着,你不得不那样想。在一般情况下,事实是最有说服力的。不说大的远的,就在我生活的周遭,凡是称得上“读书人”的,几乎都活得狼狈,而且其狼狈的程度几乎都与读书的程度成正比。那时候活得最风光最荣耀的是“工、农、兵”,在农村,自然就是贫下中农,“知识分子”已经近乎一个蔑称,人们用它的时候习惯性的要在前面加上一个“臭”字。那时最遭歧视的有五类人,叫“地富反坏右”,本来在“地富反坏”中就包含了很多“读书人”,而“右”中就全是读书人了,或者是真正的读书人了。这些人随时可能被传唤,随时可能被五花大绑拉上台去挨批斗,喊站起不敢坐下,生老病死听天由命。那时最吃香的一是屠夫,一是车夫,提刀的和握盘子的,这在今天看来简直不可思议,可你想想,在物资极度匮乏的所谓计划经济时代,人们普遍的缺衣少食,人际间会发生什么关系,考考你们的想象力。吃香的其次是“机关干部”,也叫“国家干部”,包括食品站,粮站,百货店,乃至理发店的“工作人员”,这个概念的外延很大,不要与今天的“公务员”相混淆。他们为什么也吃香呢,因为他们属于“非农业人口”,几十年前,非农业人口与农业人口差异之大,也考考你们的想象力,想象不出的,回去问问你们的爷爷奶奶或者五十岁以上的老人。当然,教师也基本属于机关干部,他们的生活比号称国家主人的广大贫下中农要优越些,这是事实。但他们中,一般情况下,谁学问最深,谁就最可能遭受打击。我们学校的研究员级别的数学陈老师,实验中学的特级数学何老师(均已退休),他俩都是文革前华东师大的毕业生,上海人,当年他们都被分配到我们这里来工作,今天看来,他们是多么宝贵的人才呀,可你们知道他们在那时来干什么?一个在农具厂打铁,一个在涪陵中学(涪高中)饲养场喂猪。

这些是我的亲眼所见。把眼睛抬高一点,视野放宽一点,那就更让人触目惊心了。老舍是怎么死的,傅雷夫妇是怎么死的,翦伯赞夫妇是怎么死的,顾准是怎么死的,那时钱钟书夫妇在做什么,沈从文在做什么,聂绀弩在做什么,高尔泰在做什么,整个中国大陆文化知识界的精英们形形色色的遭遇,无不昭示着这样一个“真理”:读书多么可怕,做学问多么可怕,做知识分子多么可悲,读书岂止无用,简直是引祸速罪啊!

一是读书无用,一是你即使想读书也没有书读。那时允许读的只有一种,红宝书——毛泽东选集,毛主席语录。当然,还有马克思列宁等人的书,可是太高深,很难读懂。还可以读鲁迅,但由于没有其他的书参照,只读鲁迅的也难真正读懂。而大多数的书被宣布为“大毒草”,“封资修”的东西,说这些书会越读越坏,甚至宣称“知识越多越反动”,对一般人来说,避之唯恐不及,谁还敢去读?

这是我所亲历的最严重的一次读书无用论思潮。当然,文革嘛,中华乃至人类历史上最荒唐的10年,这种现象并不奇怪,不然何以称为“浩劫”呢?

第二次读书无用思潮发生在上世纪80年代。那时11届3中全会已经召开,文革被正式宣告结束,改革开放思路正在形成,在“摸着石头过河”的思路指导下的中国经济正在由计划经济向市场经济转型,我们的祖国百废俱兴,处处呈现欣欣向荣的景象。在这种形势下,忽然知识有用了,知识分子宝贵了,大量挺过来的读书人从牢房、农场和作坊里被解放或解救了出来,成了“非农业人口”,成了“工人阶级”即领导阶级的一部分,非但不臭,倒成了世俗眼中的“香馍馍”。大量读过一点书的人能够公平地坐在考场上接受国家的挑选,得以迈进各级各类学校去读书。“尊重知识,尊重人才”,多么令人激动和温暖的话语啊!我本人就是侥幸借此春风骄阳得以拉着时代的尾巴进入了学校读到了书从而改变了个人命运的。那是多么令人欢欣鼓舞的年代啊!按理说,在这种形势下,读书是人们尤其是青年人多么明智的选择,可是怎么还会产生读书无用的思潮呢?这就要从当时的具体情况说起。体制的转型有一个过程,在我国这个过程特别漫长,今天也还远未完成,不像俄罗斯,他们用的是“休克疗法”,而我们叫“摸着石头过河”,强调的是“特色”。市场经济的实质就是自由贸易,这就出现了私营经济,出现了“个体户”,为了尽快挽救文革造成的经济危机(灾难),国家不但认可私营经济的合法,还从政策上予以扶持。这些个体户自主抉择,自负盈亏,不但没给国家造成负担,反而带来巨大的利润,使社会产生出巨大的活力,当然,绝大多数个体户也似乎一夜之间就暴发了,所以当时就有了个新名词叫“暴发户”。而相当多循规蹈矩的知识分子还在体制之内,他们战战兢兢的还在余悸中呢,还在为自己终于回到了体制中,终于端上了铁饭碗,终于得到了尊重而沾沾自喜谢主隆恩呢,哪晓得抬头一看,别人早赚得盆盆罐罐都溢出来了!再仔细看,他们读过多少书?有什么学问?有什么技术?不过是“胆大妄为”而已,于是心里不平衡了。那时社会上流传这样的话:造原子弹的不如卖茶叶蛋的,拿手术刀的不如拿剃头刀的。读书还有什么用?于是不少人从学校、医院、研究所和党政机关跳出来,主动放弃铁饭碗,一头扎进市场,名之曰“下海”。这些人少数取得了成功,成了今天的富翁,多数人被碰得头破血流后又回到了体制内,这是后话。

第三次读书无用思潮就发生在当下,我们大家正在经历着,如果你关心时事并比较敏感的话,你就能清楚的感受到。不知道同学们听说过“教育产业化”这个词没有,这个词有很多高深的解释或理论,但若用一句大白话来解释,就是把教育当成生意来做。这个概念大概在世纪之交提出的,当时当局有高官提出,学术界和民间也热烈讨论过,后来不大提了,当局也回避或否认,但事实上在搞。它的实际结果就是每年毕业的大学生增多了,就业压力加大,矛盾凸出,相关的问题是家长的钱袋掏空了,一些贫困家庭为供子女读书而倾家荡产,个别家长甚至为此而轻生;年轻人中生出了两个新族类,一个叫飘族,一个叫啃老族。在这种情形下,新的读书无用论悄然而来就不足为怪。这次读书无用思潮产生的原因似乎有点特别,表面看来,好像是读书人太多,读书贬值,人才过剩!而真实的情况是我们仍然是太缺人才了,常说的人才奇缺这种现状根本就没有得到改变。这里面的问题才真是有点复杂,难得理清。比如说大学生数量增多了,但质量呢?大学生的创业精神和创业能力如何?我们的社会能不能给这些大学生们提供较多的创业机会或出路?如果同学们爱思考,在你们“读书”之余去认真琢磨琢磨,想通了,或许会对你的人生选择大有裨益的。

纵观这三次读书无用思潮,我们会发现,它们都是对某种制度或政策的社会反应。反应有正有负,读书怎么会无用?这不合常识常理,可见它是一种负面反应,结果是人才的浪费,是一个国家智力资源的浪费。它不但危害了个人的福祉,糟蹋了人的生命,而且扼制了社会的进步,你们想想,是不是?那么我们该怎么办呢?

读书到底有不有用,我们先不要简单下结论。历史的价值就在于为我们提供教训,以便我们在当下抉择中尽量减少或杜绝失误。显然,片面的被歪曲的所谓历史必定会让人得出错误的认识,做出错误的决定,所以抹杀和歪曲历史简直罪大恶极,轻视和无视历史也可以说是愚不可救。扯远了,言归正题。读书有不有用,让我来告诉你们这段历史的另一些事实或另一个剖面。

进入新世纪的10年来我觉得自己与过去相比活得最好,最幸福,真的,我时常暗自庆幸:终于没有枉来这世上一遭!这个幸福不是指所谓的日子过得好,什么吃得好穿得好住得好,不是的,如果那样看,应该是上世纪80年代中后期,那时不但物价低,又比较稳定,更重要的是安全,吃的放心喝的放心呼吸的放心,不像现在,哪样能让你放心?随时都可能遭遇不测,你得有这个思想准备。我说的幸福,是说我自己终于有所醒悟,活得有几分明白了!你被注射了麻醉药,或者你成了植物人,就算天天有人喂你养你而且喂养得很不错,你是不是很幸福?我对物质生活的要求不苛,温饱足矣。我更看重精神生活,我不愿像猪那样活着。今天主张价值多元,这是对的,各人有各人的诉求,不该强求一律。有人就公然宣称他就喜欢像猪那样活着,那是他的事,可我不愿。又扯远了。我之所以能得到幸福,是缘于我遭遇到网络,得以读到了我认为真正的好书,是这些书唤醒了我的精神生命,使我不至于老在黑暗的海上漂浮而终至沉沦。孔子说“朝闻道,夕死可也”,那份因幸福而激动的感言,我终于真切感受到了,而且我知道,好多好多人他们压根儿就不能享受到,因为他们不读书。

但是我内心也有较沉的伤悲和悔恨,而这伤悲悔恨也是因了读书。这是一种特有的感伤,是因读书而产生的。我读托尔斯泰和雨果,没有这种感伤,那是因为他们是世界级的大文豪;我读康德和卢梭,没有这种感伤,那是因为他们是世界级的大思想家;我读钱钟书和袁伟时,也没有这种感伤,因为他们比我老,是前辈。可当我读到秦晖和朱学勤,(这样的人还有很多很多,像刘小枫王小波吴思陈丹青这些人)这种感伤就产生了!因为我发现,他们竟是我同时代出生的人,他们中有的人还稍稍小于我,都属于50后,都经历了同样的折腾和磨难,问题是他们为什么那么富有学问富有思想,那么卓有成效,他们的人生为什么那么精彩,生命那么富有质量!相比之下,我却是如此的愚昧无知,如此的贫瘠萎靡!对他们这些人的进一步关注和研究,我知道了,他们从来就没有放松过读书。在那我说的第一次读书无用论泛滥的时候,他们几乎没有受到什么影响,他们或因了家庭,因了朋友,因了和当时的某位“坏人”偶然相遇,当然也因了他们自身的警觉和聪慧,他们得到了或拿起了“禁书”“毒草”,在别人兴高采烈唱红歌跳红舞竭斯底里呼口号搞运动的时候,他们却躲到僻静之处静静的读书,默默的思考,殷殷的营建着自己的精神家园。当冬去春来,恢复高考的时候,他们顺理成章的一步就迈进了北大清华复旦南开,成了新时期最早或较早的学士、硕士或博士;而像我,则只能因为勉强的初中学力考上个中等师范。你们说,差距是怎么产生的?读书到底有没有用?如果……,可惜,逝去的生命没有“如果”啊!

当然,我也有我暗自庆幸的。那就是在我的周遭,在我的同学或伙伴中,自己觉得又是幸运者了。别的不说,就说能读到上面我所列举的这些人的书,能与他们直接的或间接的对话,那我就是我同学或伙伴中唯一的一个了。不是可以的问题,而是能够的问题,只有我才能够。至于生活,特别是精神生活,我自认为比他们优越多了。我回家乡,见着几十年前的同学或伙伴,自然产生的就是鲁迅《故乡》中的迅哥儿见到中年闰土的那种感情。这种差别,我认为主要就缘于我的读书。常言说比上不足比下有余,看来还真是那个理。

我的小学刚好于文革开始的时候完成,幸运的是此时我已经完成了《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》的阅读了解。文革中,由于小学的阅读激起的兴趣和求知欲望,尽管这样不许读那样不许读,但我还是偷偷的千方百计觅书来读,管他毒草不毒草,管他完整不完整,只要是书就行,所读到的书大多没有了封面,很多只有半本小半本,有的简直就是所说的烂油渣,上坡(上工干活)时就别在背后的腰带上,一有机会就拿出来读。这样竟读了四五十本小说,遗憾的是很少接触到真正的名著,多是《红岩》《红日》《红旗谱》之类(就这些本来是宣传品的东西当时都属于大毒草,是不准读的)。有人说教育往往是一次次偶然的相遇,我赞同。是的,真正对我的灵魂、智慧和趣味有所触动的就是一些偶然的相遇。记得我读农中时,遇到一个“右派分子”来给我们代几天课,很多同学都嫌弃他,但我们几个却喜欢和他聊天。一天,我突然听到他说了句“其实我们出生后就一直奔向死亡的”,我轰然一懔,这到是从来没听过的话,我当时只知道我们正奔向灿烂辉煌的明天呢,但仔细一想又觉得不无道理,于是就觉得这老师不简单,下课或放学后就爱和他厮混,就这样我在他那里得到最早的哲学启蒙,开始不满足读小说了,试着啃一些哲学和经济学书籍,像毛泽东的《矛盾论》《实践论》,薛暮桥的《政治经济学》,后来还硬着头皮啃马克思和列宁的一些书,我想,在我成长的关键时刻,能得到些许思维的逻辑的习染,那么这次偶然不能不暗自庆幸。我还有一位前辈也是右派,他给我的影响就是读唐诗。他有一本《唐诗三百首》,有机会见面则能听他吟诵和讲解。记得一年的中秋节晚上,在他那小茅屋的小坝子上,他一面吟诵李白的《月下独酌》,一面手舞足蹈表演,还不时的解释玩味,什么叫“无情游”,“邈”字什么意思,他耐心的讲给我听,他说话结巴。看他吃力的样子,口里老是流着涎水,我是又好笑又感动,彼景彼情,至今历历在目。他家离我家百里外,去他那里坐车坐船外还要走一两个小时荒山小路,但我只要一有机会,就要去拜访他,为的是能和他吹一晚上的牛。后来他把诗集送给了我,我竟然独立地读懂了好多首。须知那时可没有什么详释、鉴赏之类工具书,连字典都没有。记得我独立读懂了张九龄的《感遇》、李白的《下终南山过斛斯山人宿置酒》和王维的《渭川田家》(现在看来其实并没真正读懂),到他家去讲给他听并得到首肯后,心里那个高兴得意啊!他还给我吹陶渊明,讲“晨兴理荒秽,带月荷锄归”,没有书,可我听得津津有味。什么叫教育?那才是教育哦!(今天的你们我知道可以背出很多诗歌,但你们心灵里到底有没有诗啊?有没有让你融身其境反复吟哦的古诗啊?你们自己可以扪心自检一下。一个人如果只是口中有诗而心中无诗,那是很可悲的。你们慢慢去体会我这句话。)但他不懂哲学(当时我这样认为),不关心我学哲学,还泼冷水,还讨厌我给他吹的那种哲学。他就喜欢文学。

我想我与我儿时伙伴的命运不同,人生轨迹不同,就在于相同时代中,我们却有着不同的个人选择和际遇;而我和刘小枫朱学勤他们相比,看起来大家都读了书,但书的档次不同,思考的起点不同,读书的自觉程度不同,结果相差就那么悬殊。那么你们想想,归根结柢读书有没有用?

琢磨一下人们在使用“读书”这个词语交流的时候,实际的含义是大相径庭的。通常所说的读书,指的是人生的一个阶段,即就业前的准备阶段,也叫受教育阶段(学生时代),你们现正好就在这阶段。人,要社会化,要获取谋生的基本知识、能力和技能,要懂得遵守社会的基本秩序或规范,还要能传承人类文明并能有所创造,这些都离不了读书。这个意义上,读书对一个现代人来说,就是其基本任务或者义务,是应该也必须完成的。但是这种读书又容易给人感觉是一种外在的要求或者压力,往往成为被动的事情,这就容易与人的志趣、爱好等发生冲突,读书成了苦差事,尤其如果不幸遭遇不好的教育的话,读书竟让人苦不堪言,或者徒劳无益。不仅如此,不当的教育甚至会让读书来扼杀人的天生兴趣(比如越读越不爱读书,厌恶读书),扭曲人性,扭曲价值,从而从根本上改变了读书的意义。读书也可能毁人,不能不慎。

上面所说的读书说白了就是谋生的一块敲门砖,门开了,砖就会随手丢掉。可惜呀,多数人就是这样理解和处理读书的,读书和他的人生就发生这么一点点关系。但是,如果你遇上好的教育,你的读书走上了好的路子,你会发觉读书是件很令人快乐的事儿。读书会让你发现自然是那么美丽,宇宙是那么奇妙,其间的人类是那么独特——形体,智慧,情感,劳动与运动着的世界,真善美与假恶丑,创造与毁灭……而你自己是人类的一员:生命的意义,理想与现实,幸福与悲惨,灵魂与肉体,生与死,自我期许与路径选择……随着读书,这些东西就会在你的脑海里出现,展开,就会铺就出一条柳暗花明的精神旅途,让你在跋涉中唏嘘感叹,激动不已。于是,读书的神奇作用发生了:读书再不是苦差事,而是享受,是幸福,是权利;再不是外来的要求,而是内在的需要;再不是敲门砖,而是生活方式,是心之路,将伴随你整个生命的完成。

什么是生命的完成呢?得先谈谈对生命的理解。就人来说,一颗完整的生命应该含物质和精神两个方面,而本质应该在精神上,因为精神生命才是人区别于动物的。而人与人之间的千差万别,根本上还是精神上的差别。考诸实际,我们会遗憾的看到,很多很多的人他们的精神生命是干瘪的,萎缩的,他们还没有发育健全可物质生命就已经到尽头了!所以世间多有虚度一生的喟叹。那么,生命的完成就是使自己的生命的两个方面都能得以健康的发展,就是提高生命的质量和品位。

如果生命是上帝给予的,那么他给你这颗生命应该与给予别人的大致同等吧,因为他应该是公平的,不然何以称为上帝呢?那么后来的生命的形形色色千差万别还是应该由生命的拥有者自己负责。一般人与所谓的贤人圣人的不同,就在于一般人自己的精神生命中很多优秀的潜质没有得到开发或激活,如此而已。人由于自身固有的局限,他在特定的时间空间只能看到(感受到)他能够看到的东西,要想克服这个局限就只能靠读书。读书就是与高贵的灵魂对话交流,从而唤醒和激活自身同样高贵的潜质,使其健康、完整而富有活力,甚至使其不朽——精神生命得以万世传承。从这个高度上认识读书,恐怕才到位啊!

有人可能会嘀咕,你说得多有诗意啊,可是我首先要吃饭,像几十年去前人们常说的“一切都是假的,肚子饿了才是真的”。是啊,在人处于绝对贫困的时候,这简直就是绝对真理。贫穷让我们低俗、愚昧、野蛮、贪婪、急功近利……穷出来的见识!但是,在正常的社会,绝大多数人不会遭致这样的,还莫说现代,就是古代也不会,如果今天的人们还整天战战兢兢于自己的饭碗,那还有什么人的尊严?还配“人”这个称谓么?问题在于,如果实实在在真实情况就是这样呢?我们总不能自己欺骗自己呀?那么请你相信,在你真正的如上所述诗意地对待读书的话,你必然会发生一系列的变化,你的饭碗问题也自然会得到解决的,你的物质生活会让你满意的。我所说的一系列的变化,是说随着读书,你的观念的变化,视野的变化,个人世界的变化,人格的变化,人生格局的变化,人生轨迹(身份、地位和境界)的变化,这些变化是必然的,只是时空或具体的方式不同而已。要证明还是靠读书,不信你们去读读一些真实人物的传记,如像托尔斯泰、爱因斯坦、英-甘地、赫尔岑等人的传记或回忆录。

读书是一个大话题啊,以上只是我个人的一些看法,管中窥豹罢了!那么关于读书,同学们你们有哪些经验,哪些困惑,哪些思考,可以挖掘出哪些话题呢?大家放开拘束,大胆思考,交流,相互砥砺,这是我非常希望看到的场面。

读书吧,读书会改变你的命运!(留下个问题:怎样读书?)2010/9/14 下讲预告:说“你”

第五篇:外交部长杨洁篪在首届“蓝厅论坛”上的讲话

用信心与合作共筑亚太未来

——外交部长杨洁篪在首届“蓝厅论坛”上的讲话 2010年12月1日

---口译网资料 原网址:http://

Shape the Future of Asia Pacific with Confidence and Cooperation--Address by Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi At the First Lanting Forum 1 December 2010

尊敬的各位使节,尊敬的企业家代表,各位专家、学者和媒体朋友们:

Excellencies, Business representatives, Friends from the academia and the press,很高兴参加首届“蓝厅论坛”活动。我想,之所以把论坛取名为“蓝厅论坛”,是因为蓝色让人联想到大海和天空,既包容万象又蕴含热情与活力,契合了和谐共存、开放共赢的理念。它寓意着我们将以海纳百川的包容精神,汲取各界智慧,深化对话交流;以纵论天下的开阔视野,把握时代脉搏,共谋发展大计。相信“蓝厅论坛”将架起一座外交与民众、国内与国际相互交流沟通的桥梁,使中国外交更好地走近民众,走向世界。

I am delighted to attend the first Lanting Forum.Lanting, as you may know, means the blue hall in Chinese.This Forum is called Lanting Forum because people naturally associate the blue color with the sea and the sky.It symbolizes inclusiveness, passion and vitality, and it accords to the philosophy of harmonious coexistence, openness and win-win progress.It shows that we will adopt an inclusive approach, pool together the wisdom of various sectors and deepen dialogue and exchanges.It also means that we will take a global perspective, keep pace with the times and work together for development.I believe that with the interactions taking place here, the Lanting Forum will serve as a bridge connecting diplomats with the general public, and China with the world.The general public and the whole world will therefore gain a better understanding of China's diplomacy.本次论坛选择“亚太地区形势和中国的政策”为主题,很有意义。当前,亚太的发展为各方普遍关注,中国又是亚太地区的一员,加强对有关问题的探讨,有利于我们增进互信,凝聚共识。我愿就此与大家沟通交流。

The theme for today's Forum, Situation in the Asia Pacific and China's Policy, is a highly significant one.The development in the Asia Pacific has attracted worldwide attention and China is a member of this region.We should intensify discussions on the relevant issues concerning the region, as this will help us enhance mutual trust and build consensus.I look forward to exchanging views with you on this important topic.对于21世纪的亚太,人们曾经有不同的看法。有人认为亚太人文荟萃,潜力巨大,前景光明。也有人认为亚太问题丛生,麻烦不断,不容乐观。如今,当21世纪第一个10年即将结束的时候,回顾亚太发展进程,我们不难发现,尽管亚太地区由于历史和现实的原因,还存在这样那样的问题和挑战,但谋和平、维稳定、求合作、促发展是人心所向、大势所趋,亚太正在成为一个充满活力、生机与希望的地区。

There were different views about the Asia Pacific in the 21st century.Some believed that rich human resources and cultural diversity held out great potential and bright prospects for the Asia-Pacific region, while others thought this region was beset with problems and troubles and could hardly offer any reason for optimism.Now the first decade of the 21st century is coming to an end.When we look back on the journey that the region has travelled, I believe we can come to the following conclusions: Despite the various problems and challenges due to reasons both of the past and present, peace, stability, cooperation and development represent the shared aspiration of the people and the trend of the times.What has happened shows that the Asia Pacific is transforming into a dynamic, vibrant and promising region.——亚太战略地位从未象今天这样重要。

The Asia Pacific's strategic status has never been more important.过去10年,亚太地区在世界格局中的地位持续上升,已成为国际影响不断扩大、新兴经济体成长十分显著、区域合作机制建设积极活跃的地区。亚太经合组织21个成员拥有世界40%的人口、54%的经济总量和44%的贸易总量,建立起全方位、多层次、宽领域的合作机制,为促进共同繁荣发挥了积极作用。亚太各种区域合作机制蓬勃发展,新倡议、新设想不断涌现,体现了各方合作应对挑战的强烈愿望。尽管当前国际金融危机对亚太经济的深层次影响不断显现,地区热点时有升温,全球性问题更加突出,给亚太的发展带来严峻挑战。但总的看,亚太国家经济总体向好,围绕后危机时期发展方式的变革竞相展开,国际地位继续提升,将为促进世界和平与发展发挥越来越重要的作用。

In the past ten years, the status of the Asia Pacific in the global architecture has continued to rise.The region has seen expanding international influence, notable growth of emerging economies and active development of regional cooperation mechanisms.APEC's 21 member economies take up 40% of the world population, 54% of the economy and 44% of the trade.They have developed all-dimensional, multi-tiered and wide-ranging cooperation mechanisms, which have played a positive role in promoting common prosperity.Various regional cooperation mechanisms have flourished and new initiatives and ideas have mushroomed, giving full expression to the strong desire of all parties to meet challenges through cooperation.As the underlying impact of the international financial crisis on the economy in the Asia Pacific persists, regional hotspots flare up from time to time, and global issues become more pronounced, the Asia Pacific faces daunting challenges in its development.However, the economy of the Asia-Pacific countries as a whole is on an upward trajectory.One after another, countries in the region have begun to transform development patterns in the post-crisis era.With their rising international status, they will play an increasingly important role in promoting world peace and development.——亚洲发展势头从未象今天这样强劲。

Asia's growth momentum has never been stronger.过去10年,亚洲作为亚太地区的重要组成部分取得快速发展,成为增长最快、最富活力的地区之一,引领世界经济增长的引擎作用日益突出。亚洲国家面对两场金融危机,团结自强、通力合作,主要依靠自身力量,不仅维护了经济稳定,也为未来发展打下了更加坚实的基础。在应对危机的过程中,亚洲国家总结出的一条宝贵经验就是立足自身国情,探索适合自己的发展道路,着力提升经济增长的内生动力。与此同时,亚洲秉承开放精神,积极扩大与欧洲、非洲、北美、拉美等地区的务实合作,加快自贸区建设步伐,迎来了新的发展和跨越。

In the past ten years, Asia, an important part of the Asia-Pacific region, has achieved fast growth.It has become one of the fastest growing and most dynamic regions and played a bigger role in powering world economic growth.During the two financial crises, Asian countries united as one for greater strength.Relying mainly on their own efforts, they have not only maintained economic stability, but also laid a more solid foundation for future development.Asian countries have learned one valuable thing from tackling the crises: we need to explore development paths suited to ourselves and enhance domestic sources of economic growth in light of our own national circumstances.At the same time, Asia has adopted an open approach.It has actively expanded practical cooperation with Europe, Africa, North America and Latin America and speeded up the building of free trade areas.As a result, it has achieved fresh progress and leapfrog development.对于亚洲的发展,我想用三个“50%”来说明:一是亚洲整体经济实力明显增强。19世纪,亚洲GDP曾占全球的一半,此后一度衰落。20世纪以来,亚洲国家励精图治、奋起直追,重返经济发展的快车道。2009年亚洲国家经济总量已占世界的近1/3,据一些国际权威经济组织预测,到本世纪中叶,亚洲将重新占据世界经济的50%。二是东亚经济一体化进程不断加快。早在五年前,东亚区内贸易总额就已接近3万亿美元,占其外贸总额的比重超过50%。东亚区域合作更是取得长足进展,东盟、10+1、10+

3、中日韩、东亚峰会等各种机制日益完善,形成了优势互补、协调并进的良好局面。三是亚洲国家人文科技等领域潜力巨大,软实力不断增强,为亚洲可持续发展提供了有力支撑。据联合国教科文组织最新公布的数字,亚洲科研人员数量在全球所占比例已由2002年的35.7%增加到2007年的41.4%,这一数字很可能在未来数年里提高到50%。一个生机勃勃、和平发展的亚洲日益呈现在世人面前。

I wish to illustrate Asia's development with three “fifty-percents”.First, Asia's overall economic strength has grown remarkably.Asia's GDP accounted for 50% of the world's total in the 19th century and had since gone downhill.Starting from the 20th century, Asian countries have made unyielding efforts to catch up and return to the fast track of economic development.In 2009, Asia's overall economy accounted for nearly one third of the world economy.Some authoritative international economic organizations have made the forecast that by the middle of this century, Asia will once again take up 50% of the world economy.Second, economic integration of East Asia is moving faster.Five years ago, intra-regional trade in East Asia already totaled almost three trillion US dollars, making up more than 50% of the region's total foreign trade.East Asia regional cooperation has made tremendous achievements.ASEAN, 10+1, 10+3, China, Japan and the ROK, East Asia Summit and other mechanisms have continued to improve.It is gratifying to note that these mechanisms are drawing on each other's strengths and moving forward in parallel.Third, Asian countries have great potential in human resources, culture, science and technology and their soft power continues to strengthen.This has offered strong backing for Asia's sustainable development.According to the latest figures of UNESCO, Asia had 41.4% of the world's scientific researchers in 2007, up from 35.7% in 2002.And the figure is very likely to further increase to 50% in the coming years.In short, we are seeing before us a thriving Asia enjoying peaceful development.——中国与亚太关系从未象今天这样紧密。

China's relationship with the Asia Pacific has never been closer.过去10年,中国与亚太的发展相伴相随、相互促进,共同开启了亚太发展的新时期。中国作为亚太大家庭的一员,与各国共同肩负着维护本地区繁荣稳定的重要使命。我们深知,没有良好的地区环境,中国就难以实现可持续发展;同时中国的发展也为亚太地区的发展注入强大动力。中国坚持和平发展道路和互利共赢的开放战略,奉行“与邻为善、以邻为伴”的睦邻友好政策,愿在和平共处五项原则的基础上与所有国家开展友好合作,共同营造一个和平稳定、平等互信、合作共赢的地区环境。中国与周边国家不仅有源远流长的传统友好的基础,更有日益增长的共同利益。经过十年的不懈努力,中国与亚太国家的互信在共度危机中更加深入人心,互利合作在借重互鉴中持续全面发展,各领域合作取得新的重要进展:

In the past ten years, China and the rest of the Asia Pacific have grown together and supported each other's development.Together, we have opened a new era of development in this part of the world.As a member of the Asia-Pacific community, China and other countries in the region shoulder the important mission of promoting regional prosperity and stability.We are keenly aware that without a sound regional environment, China can hardly achieve sustainable development.At the same time, China's development is a strong boost to the development of the Asia Pacific.China is committed to the path of peaceful development and the mutually beneficial strategy of opening up.China pursues a policy of developing good-neighborly ties and partnerships with its neighbors.China wants to engage in friendly cooperation with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, in a joint endeavor to build a regional environment featuring peace and stability, equality and mutual trust, cooperation and win-win outcomes.Relations between China and its neighboring countries are anchored not only in time-honored traditional friendship, but also growing common interests.By countering crises together, China and other Asia-Pacific countries have fostered deeper mutual trust in the last ten years.By drawing on each other's strengths, we have enhanced mutually beneficial cooperation in a comprehensive way.Indeed, we have made fresh and important headway in our cooperation across the board.中国同亚太各国政治交往日益密切,建立了不同形式的伙伴关系,政治对话成果丰富。今年我们同几乎所有亚洲国家都实现了高层互访和交流,累计超过60起,来华出席上海世博会、广州亚运会的亚洲国家政要接近50位。各部门、各层次的交流对话也已全面展开。

China's exchanges with other Asia-Pacific countries in the political field have become closer.We have established various forms of partnership and conducted fruitful political dialogue.This year alone, we have had over 60 high-level mutual visits and exchanges with Asian countries, involving almost all the countries in the region.Nearly 50 Asian political leaders came to China for the Shanghai World Expo and the Guangzhou Asian Games.Departments at various levels have engaged in extensive exchanges and dialogue with their Asian counterparts.中国同亚太各国经济合作不断深化。10年间,中国同亚太国家贸易额持续增长,中国十大贸易伙伴中,有8个来自亚太地区。中国与亚洲国家贸易同期增长了近3倍,连续多年成为亚洲最大的进口市场,以及日本、韩国、印度、越南、蒙古等国的第一大贸易伙伴。“十一五”期间,中国对外非金融类直接投资的60%以上是在周边,亚洲已成为中国设立境外企业最为集中的地区。中国积极扩大与亚太国家财政金融合作,设立总额2000万美元的“中国APEC合作基金”,同马来西亚、印尼、韩国签订总额达3600亿人民币的双边货币互换协议。在应对国际金融危机的过程中,中国同亚太国家和衷共济,相互扶持,进一步深化了务实合作,有力地推动了亚太经济的复苏和发展。

China's economic cooperation with other Asia-Pacific countries has been deepening.Over the past decade, China's trade with Asia-Pacific countries has kept growing.Of China's top ten trading partners, eight are in the Asia Pacific.China's trade with Asian countries has grown by nearly three times during this period.For several years in a row, China has been Asia's largest import market and the largest trading partner for Japan, the ROK, India, Vietnam and Mongolia.During China's 11th Five-Year Plan Period(2006-2010), over 60% of China's overseas non-financial direct investment has gone to its neighbors.Asia now hosts more of China's overseas companies than any other region.China has actively expanded fiscal and financial cooperation with Asia-Pacific countries.We have set up a China-APEC Cooperation Fund totaling 20 million US dollars and signed bilateral currency swap agreements totaling 360 billion RMB yuan with Malaysia, Indonesia and the ROK.In the fight against the international financial crisis, China and other Asia-Pacific countries have worked together and supported each other.This has further deepened practical cooperation and boosted the economic recovery and development in the region.中国同亚太国家安全合作持续拓展。中国致力于通过和平谈判解决争议,大力推动六方会谈进程,在解决热点问题上发挥了建设性作用。积极参加东盟地区论坛等安全对话机制,与地区国家开展反恐、防扩散、打击跨国犯罪、公共卫生等安全合作。中国坚持以事实为基础,根据国际关系基本准则,通过对话协商妥善处理和解决领土海洋争端。在印度洋海啸、巴基斯坦水灾等自然灾害面前,我们感同身受,慷慨相助,及时提供各类救灾援助,表达了中国人民的友好之情。

China's security cooperation with other Asia-Pacific countries has been expanding.China is committed to resolving disputes through peaceful negotiations.We have made great effort to push forward the Six-Party Talks process and played a constructive role in addressing hotspot issues.We have been actively involved in the ASEAN Regional Forum and other security dialogue mechanisms and carried out security cooperation with regional countries in counter-terrorism, non-proliferation, combating transnational crimes and public health.China is committed to appropriately handle and address territorial and maritime disputes through dialogue and negotiations on the basis of facts and in keeping with the basic norms governing international relations.The Chinese people cherish friendly sentiments towards people in the region.When natural disasters like the Indian Ocean Tsunami and the floods in Pakistan struck, we showed sympathy for the affected population and promptly offered disaster-relief assistance.中国同亚太国家人文交流更加广泛。中国积极推动亚太经合组织人员交流,促进人力资源开发合作,不断扩大教育、文化交流对话。10年来,来华的亚洲国家留学生人数逐年递增,去年已超过16万人,占外国来华留学生总数的3/4。我们在亚洲建立了100多所孔子学院和孔子学堂,在韩国、日本、蒙古等国设立了中国文化中心,积极为亚洲发展中国家开展人员培训,五年来仅为东盟国家就累计培训14,000多名各类人才。

People-to-people and cultural exchanges between China and other Asia-Pacific countries have been more extensive.China has vigorously promoted people-to-people exchanges in the context of APEC, advanced human resources development cooperation and strengthened educational and cultural exchanges and dialogue.Over the past ten years, the number of Asian students coming to China has been growing year by year.Last year, it exceeded 160,000, accounting for three fourths of foreign students in China.We have set up more than 100 Confucius institutes and classrooms in Asia, and established China culture centers in the ROK, Japan and Mongolia.We have organized training courses for people from other Asian developing countries.We have trained over 14,000 professionals in various fields for ASEAN countries over the past five years.中国致力于同亚太国家共同推动区域合作机制建设。中国主张立足本地区多样性突出的特点,本着协商一致、循序渐进、先易后难、开放包容等原则,坚持以现有机制为平台,各种机制优势互补,相辅相成,共同促进地区合作。今年1月,中国-东盟自贸区全面建成,为扩大双方贸易投资合作提供了前所未有的良好环境,使世界上近1/3人口得到实惠。中国支持“东盟互联互通总体规划”,同有关国家一道,共同推动公路、铁路、航道、港口等建设。10+3合作在应对金融危机过程中呈现出强大生命力,实现清迈倡议多边化,建成1200亿美元的区域外汇储备库和7亿美元的区域信用担保和投资基金。中日韩合作也迈出新步伐,确立了2012年完成三国自贸区官产学联合研究的目标。中国积极推动亚太地区贸易和投资自由化便利化,支持加强区域经济一体化,支持将APEC打造成地区重要的经贸合作平台。中国欢迎有关国家在区域合作中发挥建设性作用,对任何有利于亚太地区经济融合和共同繁荣的合作倡议,都持开放和欢迎态度。

China is committed to building regional cooperation mechanisms together with other Asia-Pacific countries.The Asia Pacific is a region of diversity.And to build cooperation mechanisms in such a region, we must follow the principles of building consensus, seeking incremental progress, focusing on easier issues before moving to more difficult ones and being open and inclusive.We should keep the existing mechanisms as the platform and encourage different mechanisms to complement and reinforce each other in order to advance regional cooperation.Last January, the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area was fully established, providing an unprecedented favorable environment for stronger trade and investment cooperation between China and ASEAN nations.It will bring tangible benefits to nearly one third of the world's population.China supports the Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity and will work with the countries involved to build roads, railways, water routes and ports.The ASEAN plus Three cooperation has shown great strength in countering the financial crisis.The Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization(CMIM)was realized and regional foreign exchange reserve pool totaling 120 billion US dollars and the regional Credit Guarantee and Investment Facility(CGIF)totaling 700 million US dollars were established.New steps were also taken in China-Japan-ROK cooperation.The three countries have set out the goal of completing the joint study on an FTA among them by 2012.China has actively promoted trade and investment liberalization and facilitation in the Asia-Pacific region.We support regional economic integration and the effort to make APEC an important platform for regional economic and trade cooperation.China welcomes a constructive role by relevant countries in regional cooperation.We are open to and we welcome any cooperation initiative that contributes to regional economic integration and common prosperity.女士们,先生们,Ladies and Gentlemen,回首过去10年走过的历程,亚太地区发展并非一路坦途。亚太区域广泛,国情各异,社会制度和发展阶段不同,热点问题错综复杂,各种传统与非传统安全问题相互交织,加深理解互信、维护地区持久和平与共同发展面临许多挑战。但亚太国家总能立足长远,着眼大局,化危为机,实现更大的发展。亚太10年发展历程,给我们的重要启示是:

Reviewing the past ten years, we can see that the development in the Asia Pacific has not always been smooth and even.Being a vast region, the Asia Pacific is home to countries with different national conditions, social systems and development stages.There are complex hotspot issues and intertwined traditional and non-traditional security issues.And there are many challenges in the endeavor to deepen mutual understanding and trust and uphold enduring peace and common development.However, Asia-Pacific countries, which focus on the long-term interests and the larger interests, can always manage to turn crisis into opportunity, and make even greater progress.From the region's development over the past ten years, we can draw the following important conclusions.第一,合作是基础。随着全球化、信息化的迅猛发展,世界日益成为你中有我、我中有你的“地球村”。亚太国家作为“地球村”的重要成员,面临着维护和平稳定的共同使命,促进经济发展、消除贫困的共同任务,抑制矛盾多发、实现发展转型的共同挑战。世界和亚太的大变化召唤着人们思想的大解放和观念的大更新,要求我们去除冷战思维,摈弃意识形态偏见,树立同舟共济、合作共赢的新理念。如果说20世纪是热战冷战交替、两极相互对立的世纪,那么21世纪则应是和平的世纪,合作的世纪,共赢的世纪。

First, cooperation is the basis.The rapid development of globalization and information technologies has made our world a Global Village, where the interests of countries are interconnected.As important members of this Global Village, Asia-Pacific countries face the common mission of safeguarding peace and stability, the common task of growing the economy and eradicating poverty and the common challenge of managing different problems and transforming development patterns.The major changes in our region and the world require us to free our mind and change our thinking in a big way.We must abandon the Cold War mentality and ideological stereotypes.We must foster a new vision of unity and cooperation for mutual benefit.If the 20th century was a century defined by incessant hot and cold wars and confrontation between the two blocs, the 21st century should be one defined by peace, cooperation and win-win outcomes.第二,发展是关键。亚太地区总体保持良好发展势头,面临着新的难得机遇,但不稳定不确定因素仍然很多,恐怖主义继续存在,经济安全、能源资源安全、粮食安全、气候变化、防灾减灾等非传统安全问题更加突出,对地区可持续发展构成挑战。这些问题多是前进中的问题,只能通过共同发展的途径来解决。对于一时解决不了的问题,应该保持足够的耐心,防止矛盾复杂化,影响发展大局,损害本地区的共同长远利益。只要我们把共同利益的蛋糕越做越大,让发展的红利惠及各国人民,就一定能够有效化解各种挑战,实现本地区更好更快的发展。

Second, development is the key.The Asia Pacific as a whole enjoys sound development, and faces new and rare opportunities.But there are also many destabilizing factors and uncertainties threatening its sustainable development.Terrorism remains a menace.Non-traditional security issues such as economic security, energy and resources security, food security, climate change, disaster prevention and relief have become more pronounced.Most of them are issues that have occurred in the course of our progress and can only be addressed through common development.For those issues that cannot be resolved for the time being, we need to have enough patience and prevent the complication of problems so that they will not harm the overall development and the long-term common interests of this region.As long as we make a bigger pie of our shared interests and enable people of all our countries to benefit from the dividend of development, we will be able to meet various challenges effectively and achieve even better and faster development.第三,树立新安全观是保障。当今世界国际安全威胁更趋复杂多元,安全问题的综合性、整体性、关联性上升,解决各种地区安全问题单打独斗不行,孤军奋战不行,只有以合作求安全才是出路。我们应树立以互信、互利、平等、协作为核心的新安全观,既尊重本国安全,又尊重别国安全,促进共同安全。应通过对话协商解决争端。国家间的领土海洋争端应由直接当事方通过双边谈判和平解决,相信凭借已经达成的共识和畅通的对话渠道,各方一定能靠自身力量解决好自己的问题。所有国家都应发挥建设性作用,不做制造矛盾和紧张的事,不做使问题复杂化的事,而是多做有利于地区稳定的事,多做增进互信的事,多做促进团结的事。

Third, a new security concept is the guarantee.International security threats to today's world are more complex and diversified.Security issues are increasingly interrelated, affecting more areas than before.No one can singlehandedly resolve regional security issues.Cooperation is the only way to ensure security.We must foster a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination.We need to respect the security of our own countries and also the security of others, and promote common security.We need to address disputes through dialogue and consultations.Territorial and maritime disputes between states should be peacefully resolved between the parties directly involved through bilateral negotiations.We are convinced that based on the consensus already reached and through the open channels of dialogue, the parties will be able to properly address their own issues with their own efforts.All countries should play a constructive role and refrain from creating new trouble and tension or complicating the matters.And all countries should act in a way that contributes to regional stability, mutual trust and unity.当前朝鲜半岛局势再度紧张,中方对此高度关注。作为负责任大国,中方一贯按照事情本身的是非曲直决定自身立场,不偏袒任何一方。中方主张,当务之急是防止紧张局势升级,决不能再做火上浇油的事情,有关方面应保持冷静克制,推动事态重新回到对话谈判的轨道上来。正如大家所看到的,朝韩交火事件发生以来,中方为防止事态升级恶化做出了一系列努力,与有关各方进行了密切沟通和协调,敦促各方务必保持冷静克制,通过对话协商解决问题,共同维护朝鲜半岛的和平稳定。中方还建议于12月上旬在北京举行六方会谈团长紧急磋商,希望这一磋商有助于缓和当前紧张局势,为重启六方会谈创造条件。我们将继续做出努力,推动各方共同维护半岛和东北亚地区的和平稳定。

Tension has once again risen on the Korean Peninsula, and China is highly concerned about the current situation.As a big responsible country, China decides its position based on the merits of each case and does not seek to protect any side.China is of the view that the most pressing task now is to prevent any escalation of the tension, and nothing should be done to inflame the situation.The parties concerned should keep calm and exercise restraint, and work to bring the situation back onto the track of dialogue and negotiation.As you have noticed, since the exchange of fire between the DPRK and the ROK, the Chinese side has made a series of efforts to prevent the situation from escalating and worsening.We have stayed in close communication and coordination with relevant parties and urged various parties to maintain calm and restraint by all means, address the issues through dialogue and consultation and jointly safeguard peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula.We have proposed to hold emergency consultations among the heads of delegation to the Six-Party Talks in Beijing in early December in the hope that the consultations will help ease the current tension and create conditions for the resumption of the Six-Party Talks.We will make continued efforts to encourage all parties to work together to maintain peace and stability on the Peninsula and in Northeast Asia.第四,尊重多样性是前提。亚太地区多样性和复杂性突出,各国政治经济体制、历史文化背景和社会发展模式各异,在长期历史进程中形成了多元发展、齐头并进的局面,这既是亚太的特色和优势,也是亚太长期保持活力的原因所在。我们要继续坚持这一传统,发扬开放包容、求同存异、互谅互让的精神,加强互学互鉴,扩大人文交流,把亚太建成一个文化多元、和睦共存的大家庭。

Fourth, respect for diversity is the premise.Diversity and complexity are a distinctive feature of the Asia Pacific.Countries in this region have diverse political and economic systems, histories, cultures and social development models, which have grown side by side over the long years of history.Diversity is a source of the unique strength and enduring vitality for the Asia Pacific.We need to uphold this tradition, carry forward the spirit of openness, inclusiveness, seeking common ground while reserving differences, mutual understanding and mutual accommodation, and strengthen mutual learning and people-to-people and cultural exchanges, so as to build the Asia Pacific into a community in which diverse nations and cultures live in peace and friendship.女士们,先生们,Ladies and Gentlemen,2011年是21世纪第二个十年的开启之年,具有承上启下的重要意义。明年对世界和亚太而言,将是促进经济复苏和发展,推进后危机时期发展方式的转变,深化国际体系变革,应对全球性挑战的重要之年;对中国而言,将是“十二五”规划的开局之年,我们将进入深化改革开放、加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期。中国与世界和亚太的目标一致,利益紧密相连。中国愿与亚太各国深化合作,共迎挑战,共同促进世界的和平与发展。为此,我们应该在以下几个方面作出共同努力:

The year 2011 will be the first year of the second decade of this century.It will be a year for us to build on past achievements and strive for new progress.For the Asia Pacific and the world, 2011 will be an important year to promote economic recovery and development, transform development patterns in the post-crisis era, and deepen the reform of the international system to meet global challenges.For China, it will be the first year of the 12th Five-Year Plan period.We will enter a critical era in our endeavor to deepen reform and opening up and accelerate the transformation of the economic development pattern.China, the Asia Pacific and the world as a whole share the same goals and intertwined interests.China is willing to work with other Asia-Pacific countries to enhance cooperation, meet the challenges and promote world peace and development together.To this end, I believe we should make concerted efforts in the following areas:

一是全力推动世界经济的复苏与增长。当前世界经济正在缓慢复苏,国际金融市场起伏不定,主要货币汇率大幅波动,大宗商品价格高位震荡,保护主义明显增强。世界经济复苏的脆弱性和不平衡性进一步显现。我们应继续发扬同舟共济的精神,在巩固和扩大业已取得的成果和共识基础上,加强宏观经济政策协调,加快推进国际金融等领域的改革,努力促进世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长。积极致力于缩小南北发展差距,着力推动南北合作。坚决反对和抵制各种形式的保护主义,维护开放自由的贸易投资环境,推动世界贸易组织多哈回合谈判在锁定已有成果的基础上取得全面均衡的成果,尽早实现发展回合目标。

First, we should make an all-out effort to promote the recovery and growth of the world economy.The global economy is now slowly recovering, but the international financial markets remain volatile;the exchange rates of major currencies fluctuate drastically;commodity prices hover at a high level and protectionism is notably rising.It is all the more evident that the world economic recovery is fragile and uneven.We should continue to work in a spirit of unity to secure and broaden the existing achievements and consensus, enhance macro-economic policy coordination, speed up the reform in the international financial and other sectors and ensure strong, sustainable and balanced growth of the world economy.We should work actively to bridge the gap between the North and the South, and step up North-South cooperation.We should oppose and reject protectionism in all its manifestations and uphold an open and free trading and investment environment.We should work to ensure comprehensive and balanced outcomes at the Doha Round negotiations by locking in previous achievements in order to attain the goals of the development round at an early date.二是共同应对重大全球性挑战。围绕气候变化、防灾减灾、打击恐怖主义等全球性挑战展开的双多边合作,已经并将进一步成为国际合作新的增长点和最具发展潜力的领域。我们要共同推动坎昆气候变化大会取得进展,继续坚持“共同但有区别的责任”原则,携手应对气候变化挑战。统筹兼顾经济发展和环境保护,积极开展清洁能源和节能环保合作,推动发展绿色经济。树立和落实互利合作、多元发展、协同保障的新能源安全观,保障各国特别是发展中国家的能源需求。携手打击恐怖主义和海盗袭击活动,维护海上安全和正常贸易往来。加强防灾减灾合作,相互学习借鉴,降低自然灾害对人民生命财产的影响。

Second, we should meet global challenges together.Our existing bilateral and multilateral cooperation on global challenges such as climate change, disaster prevention and relief and combating terrorism has become and will continue to be the new and most promising growth areas for international cooperation.We need to work together to ensure progress in the Cancun Conference, and remain committed to the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” in a joint effort to meet the climate challenge.We should strike a balance between economic development and environmental protection, actively cooperate in clean energy, energy conservation and environmental protection and facilitate the growth of the green economy.We should establish and follow a new energy security concept featuring mutually beneficial cooperation, diverse development and common energy security through coordination.We should ensure the energy needs of all countries, developing countries in particular.We should join hands to fight terrorism and piracy to safeguard maritime security and normal trade flows.We should scale up cooperation in disaster prevention and reduction, draw on each other's strengths and minimize the impact of natural disasters on the lives and property of our people.三是不断深化国际体系改革。国际金融危机的影响仍未消除,全球性风险增多与全球治理能力薄弱之间的矛盾依然存在,国际体系改革任务依然艰巨。二十国集团领导人峰会迄今已举行五次,在协调应对危机、促进世界经济复苏、开启国际经济金融体系改革进程等方面发挥了重要作用,我们应继续发挥好二十国集团作为全球经济治理主要平台的作用。推动落实国际货币基金组织、世界银行等国际金融机构改革的共识。要继续维护并加强联合国在现行国际体系中的核心地位,切实提高发展中国家在国际体系中的发言权和代表性。

Third, we should further deepen the reform of the international system.The impact of the global financial crisis can still be felt.While global risks have risen, global governance capabilities remain weak.It is an arduous task to reform the international system.The G20 has held five summits, which have played an important role in coordinating efforts against the crisis, promoting world economic recovery and launching the reform process of the international economic and financial architecture.We should continue to make good use of the G20 as the premier platform of global economic governance, and facilitate the implementation of the consensus on the reform of international financial institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank.We should continue to uphold and strengthen the central role of the United Nations in the existing international system and increase the voice and representation of developing countries in the system.四是努力维护国际和地区的和平与稳定。朝核、伊朗核、阿富汗、苏丹等热点问题错综复杂,国际社会应在维护和平稳定环境的大前提下,积极稳妥地推动有关问题的降温和解决。在伊朗核问题上,有关各方应从大局和长远出发,加大外交努力,保持耐心,采取更加灵活、务实和主动的政策,通过对话与谈判寻求全面、长期、妥善解决,维护国际核不扩散体系和中东地区的和平与稳定。要充分尊重阿富汗的独立、主权和领土完整,积极支持阿富汗重建,共同促进阿富汗及本地区的和平稳定。应充分尊重苏丹主权,尊重苏丹人民的意愿和选择,在确保苏丹及地区和平与稳定大局的前提下,稳步推动《全面和平协议》的落实,共同维护好这一地区的和平稳定与发展。

Fourth, we should uphold international and regional peace and stability.The hotspot issues such as the Korean nuclear issue, the Iranian nuclear issue, Afghanistan and Sudan are highly complex.The international community should work actively and appropriately to ease tensions and resolve these issues in the larger context of upholding peace and stability.On the Iranian nuclear issue, the parties concerned should bear in mind the larger picture and long-term interests, step up diplomatic efforts, remain patient, adopt a more flexible, pragmatic and proactive policy, and seek a comprehensive, long-term and appropriate solution through dialogue and negotiations in order to uphold the international nuclear non-proliferation regime and peace and stability in the Middle East.On Afghanistan, we should fully respect its independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity, actively support its reconstruction, and work in concert to promote peace and stability in the country and the region as a whole.On Sudan, we should fully respect its sovereignty and the will and choice of the Sudanese people.Under the precondition of ensuring peace and stability in Sudan and in the region, we should steadily promote the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and work together to uphold peace, stability and development in the region.五是加强文明互鉴,促进人文交流。我们应充分尊重各国自主选择的发展道路,加强交流互鉴,分享有益成果。应进一步拓展文化、教育、卫生、旅游等各领域人文合作,促进民间交往,为深化全方位合作打下坚实的人文基础。中国将积极办好促进不同文明之间对话交流的论坛、研讨会等活动,为保护文化多元发展、促进人文交流做出更大贡献。

Fifth, we should enhance mutual learning among civilizations and promote people-to-people and cultural exchanges.We should fully respect the independent choice of countries on their development path, draw on each other's expertise and share the benefits of our achievements.We should further expand cooperation in the fields of culture, education, health and tourism, and promote people-to-people exchanges so as to enhance public support for the growth of all-round cooperation.China will work actively to ensure the success of various fora, seminars and other events aimed at increasing dialogue and exchanges among different civilizations and make even greater contribution to protecting the development of diverse cultures and promoting people-to-people and cultural exchanges.女士们,先生们,Ladies and Gentlemen,风雨同舟者兴。展望未来,世界和亚太和平与发展面临着前所未有的机遇,也面临着各种复杂挑战。只要我们坚定信心,携手合作,就一定能够抓住机遇,化解挑战,走出一条不同文明和发展模式的国家和谐共存、合作共赢的创新之路,共同创造更加美好的明天!

As a saying goes, “Those working in unity will prevail in a storm.” Looking ahead, we see unprecedented opportunities as well as complex challenges in the pursuit of peace and development in the Asia Pacific and the world at large.As long as we are resolved to work hand in hand, we will seize the opportunities and meet the challenges, and open up a new avenue for countries with different cultures and growth models to live in harmony and achieve win-win progress.Together we will create an even brighter future.谢谢大家!

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