第一篇：应用文写作价值定位 Microsoft Word 文档
应用文写作价值定位
苑道平
(郑州电子信息职业技术学院基础部451450)
摘要：应用文从它诞生之日起，就确定了其在社会生活中的重要地位。追踪应用文的发展历史，不难发现，应用文写作不仅是治理国家的关键和枢纽，更是人们生活、工作和学习不可缺少的一项重要传播工具。是组织传播与个体生存及其发展的能力要素之一。《应用文写作》课不仅是培养大学生素质与能力的基本人文素质课程，亦是可促进其它课程学习与研究基础工具课程，更是助于培养大学生从现实出发思考解决问题的意识与能力的实践课程。
关键词：应用文写作；应用文写作课；价值定位
一、应用文写作的价值定位
(一)应用文写作的发展沿革昭示了其对社会与个人的重要应用价值
应用文写作历史悠久，从它诞生之日起，就确定了其在社会生活中的重要地位。追踪应用文的发展历史，不难发现，应用文及其写作不仅是“经国之枢机”(刘勰)，也是人们生活、工作和学习不可或缺的重要传播工具，是组织传播与个体生存及其发展的能力要素之一。
我国最早的文字甲骨文在内容上就是应用文的雏形。随着经济社会的发展和国家的产生，除了民间的应用文日益丰富外，适应公务需要的应用文发展更快，且成为应用文的主体形式，例如，周代的《尚书》文告，秦代的制诏谕奏，汉代的表疏律令，魏晋的简犊署书，唐宋的图籍表册，明清的史册文翰都是应用文。此外，书信、书契、碑竭志铭、法律条例等也是应用文。
我国古代的文章研究者对应用文的价值也予以高度评价。曹丕在《典论·论文》中说：“盖文章，经国之大业，不朽之盛事。”这里的“文章”泛指当时的奏、议、书、论、铭、诔、诗、赋等，应用文则列在首位。刘勰在《文心雕龙》中称“章表奏议，经国之枢机。”其文体论部分共20篇，其中l2篇谈到应用文。
辛亥革命及其以后是现代应用文(主要是指公务应用文)诞生的标志。南京临时政府颁布了公文程式条例，规定了公文名称和使用范围，废除了几千年封建王朝使用的文种，是应用文发展史上的一次重大改革。1928年国民党中央政府对公文程式又作了一些新规定，其中比较重要的一点是规定公文的写作要用白话文，使用新式标点符号。
中国共产党成立后，从建立自己的机关开始，就相应地有了自己的公文。先后颁布印发了《陕甘宁边区新公文程式》，《公文处理暂行办法》，《中国共产党中央和省级机关文书处理工作和档案工作暂行条例》，《关于公文名称和体式问题的几点意见》，《国家行政机关公文处理暂行办法》，《国家行政机关公文处理办法》。从内容与形式诸方面对公文进行规范，以充分有效地发挥其社会管理效能。通过这些政权形式对公文重视的行为可见公文的重要性。
应用文写作在当代社会的地位和价值仍在不断提升。信息时代或知识经济时代，也是写作的时代，确切地说，是应用写作的时代。许多学者已经指出，在信息社会、知识经济时代里，作为社会主体的人最为需要的是“文化”方面的素质和能力。所谓“文化”并非只是认识文字而已，应用文写作能力则成为现代人能力结构之要素。美国著名学者阿尔温·托夫勒指出：“新的经济 要求掌握符号形象的技巧，要求合乎逻辑地说明问题和表达的能力，以及其他方面的能力。最根本的是阅读和写作能力。美国教育家韦斯特说得更形象：在信息社会，“写作，包围着你”。美国新泽西州普林斯顿教育董事会任命的长期规划委员会的委员们经过长期调查研究得出结论：“未来世界的学习”就该使人们具有“实用读写能力”。在很多学者看来，适应新技术革命的信息社会的本领就在于“实用读写能力”。早在20世纪80年代，西方发达国家的一些高等院校就普及了应用写作课。一些企业和部门不仅聘请法律顾问，而且还聘请应用文写作顾问。因此可以
认为，没有哪一个时代像今天这样需要应用写作，没有哪一个时代像今天这样依赖应用写作。在信息时代的社会生活中，越来越多的职业表现为对信息的加工处理，应用写作作为一种最常用 的传输、储存、处理信息的方式，越来越成为这个社会成员不可缺少的工作方式、手段和必备技能。许多重要指标已经显示，应用写作水平是一个人综合能力水平的标志之一，与一个人的财富收入水平正相关。
(二)应用文写作作为组织传播的重要栽体与手段，昭示了其保障组织生存与发展的重要工具价值
组织是“人们为实现共同目标而各自承担不同的角色分工，在统一意志之下从事协作行为的持性体系”(日本·见田宗介等《社会学词典》)。人群要称得上组织(政党、政府、军队、企事业单位、社团都属于组织)，首先要有既定的共同的目标，其次要有协调的统一的系统，再次要有具有普遍约束力的为组织成员共同遵守的规范。组织就是有序化的人类群体。人类社会就是各种各样组织的综合架构。要维护组织系统的正常运行并使其保持活力，就必须依赖信息传播。所谓组织传播，就是以组织为主体的信息传播活动。组织传播是组织生存与发展的必要而重要的保障，信息传播是组织的一个基本属性，任何组织都是同信息传播同步生成的，组织的目标、系统、规范的形成和运作都离不开传播。组织的内传播有多种媒介形式，如公文、会议、电话、组织内公共媒介(内部报纸、闭路电视系统、组织网站网页等)；组织外传播亦有多种形态：公关宣传、广告宣传、企业标识系统宣传等。其中公文包括相关应用文是其中基础、正式而主体的传播手段。组织通过下行文使其成员适应组织环境、了解工作内容、熟悉职责权力内容，培养其对组织的“一体”感。组织通过上行文使中枢部门了解组织目标任务在执行部门及其人员的贯彻落实情况，并以此进行既定决策的修改完善调整。组织通过平行文使组织内同级部门及其成员间协调配合。组织通过公关、广告等宣传文稿塑造建立良好的公众形象和公共关系，推销推广组织的产品与服务，从而为组织的生存发展创造有利的生态环境助。具体而言，应用文的组织内传播工具价值主要表现为：
1、法规价值，这是法规性公文所具有的价值；
2、指导的价值，这是指各类各级组织的公文在一定范围内起着领导与指导作用；3互通情报价值，这是指各类各级组织在处理日常工作、业务活动中，利用公文与上、下和不相隶属组织问进行联系，或通知事项，或处理问题，或商洽工作；
3、宣传、教育的价值，这是指各类各级组织的许多公文，特别一些重要的指导性公文，都具有宣传教育价值；
4、凭证和依据的价值，这是指组织活动中形成的各种公文，都是机关进行各项活动的历史记录，作为贯彻执行或处理工作的依据。
(三)应用文写作作为现代人必备的基本素质，昭示着其具有个人创业和成功的必备技能价值。
如前所述，在信息社会，阅读与写作是现代人与社会进行信息交流的两个最根本的手段，应用写作则是进行信息输出，实现现实功利目的的重要而正式的工具。因此，任何一个人现代人特别是高素质的现代人，他可以不写或不会写小说、诗歌，但在其一生中，无论是学习、工作、还是生活，小至留言条，大至学术论文、科研报告，都离不开应用文章的写作。因为它有利于维护个人权益，展示个人才能，实现个人价值，提高生活质量，提高工作效益，⋯ ⋯。总之，应用文写作在人的一生中是必然会碰到的，是必要，必须的。应用文写作也是个人创业和成功的必备技能之一，具有不可替代的技能价值。
在市场经济的冲击下，人们的价值观念发生了深刻的变化。人们理直气壮地追求富裕的生活，“财富”成为衡量一个人成功与否的重要标志，也是实现个人价值的重要支点。在追求成功、追求个人价值、赢得财富的路途上，你不可能不与应用文体打交道。你想创办公司吗?那么你将与政府、银行有一系列的公文往来：你想在竞选中大获全胜吗?那么请你写份精彩的演讲稿：你想扩大业务吗?做广告是常用的方法，你的广告词中必须令人心动。还有招标书、投标书、说明书、协议书、契约、条据，合同等等。有不少人，他们事业的起点正是那份伏案起草的应用文。
应用文写作同样是大学生求职、竞争常用而重要的手段。人力资源的相对过剩，带来了大学生就业的空前压力，竞争异常激烈。而求职信或简历则是求职竞争中首当其冲的“敲门砖”，一般而言，是现代大学生求职中必写的文本，从某种意义上讲，高质量的求职信或简历本身就是强有力的“介绍信”、“证明书”、“推荐信”“广告词”，特别对于诸如文员岗位、教师岗位、中低层领导岗位等更是如此。在招聘实践中，我们也常见到在面笔试时常有应用文写作或与其相关的题目，更不用说在公务员招考中有应用文写作或与其密切相关的专门科目——申论。
二、《应用文写作》课程的价值定位
(一)《应用文写作》课是培养大学生素质与能力的基本人文素质课程
《中共中央、国务院关于深化教育改革，全面推进素质教育的决定》提出：“重视培养学生收集处理信息的能力、获取新知识的能力、分析和解决问题的能力、语言文字表达能力以及团结协作和社会活动的能力”。人力资本开发成为经济社会发展战略的重要组成部分，而对人才的基本的综合素质和能力的重视成为时代潮流，顺应这一潮流，综合素质和能力培养导向已成为我国高等教育的趋势。一般认为，人才的综合素质和能力包括关键素质、能力和职业素质、技能。关键素质、能力是指劳动者从事任何一种职业都必不可少的基本素质、能力，如交流、语言、信息处理、组织活动、解决问题等素质、能力。可以断言，在人类已经进人信息时代的今天，无论是关键素质、能力还是职业素质、技能，都离不开应用文写作能力，因此，应用文写作的素质与能力应是高等院校毕业生必备的素质与能力之一，当然也是高等院校必须重点培养学生的素质与能力之一，而应用文写作课则是其直接课程。应用文写作具有综合性的特点，它要求写作主体具有系统的知识素质与能力。应用文写作的过程就是写作主体对采集、运思、表述和修改四个环节的调节、控制和操作过程，而每一个环节都渗透或关联于写作主体的基本素质与能力。如采集环节涉及到观察、调查、交流、阅读理解诸能力；运思环节突出地涉及到以信息处理、材料评价安排、结构安排为核心地思维能力，特别是现实思考能力；表述环节突出地涉及到语言表达能力；修改环节则是诸种能力再度系统融合运用。应用文写作课正是通过应用文写作这个载体实现对大学生基本素质与基本能力的培养与提升。
(二)《应用文写作》课是可促进其它课程学习与研究基础工具课程
《应用文写作》作为人文素质教育的基础课程，涵盖了多学科知识，无疑对于学习研究其它课程具有促进作用。从表达的角度而言，应用文写作涉及到诸如基础写作学、语言学、修辞学、逻辑学、心理学、传播学等学科的知识。从对象或内容的角度而言，可以说应用文写作涉及到的学科知识无所不包。从工具的角度而言，应用文写作是学习研究其他学科的常用工具。诸如读书笔记、实验报告、调研报告、学年论文、学位论文等。
总之，应用文写作的学习与实践促使学习者不断拓宽学科领域知识的学习与储备，促进对学科知识的深人理解与把握，强化运用学科知识分析解决实践的意识与能力，形成与强化创新意识和能力。
(三)《应用文写作》课是有助于培养大学生从现实出发思考解决问题的意识与能力的实践课程
现实功利性是应用文及其写作的本质特征，即应用文写作的根本目的在于满足人类社会实践的现实功利需要，使人类能够有效地适应现实与改造现实。于是，应用文的内容与形式的确定都须从现实需要出发思考。对于绝大多数高等院校的毕业生而言，走向社会所从事的是现实而具体的工作，因此要完满而创造性地完成工作，须有强烈而优良的从现实出发思考解决问题的意识与能力。而应用文的本质特征所要求的应用文写作教学中须着力培养学习者的从现实出发思考解决问题的意识与能力无疑具有直接的价值。因此，应用文写作课是培养学习者从现实出发思考解决问题的意识与能力的重要途径。同时，这种意识的训练与形成也有助于潜移默化地形成学生的社会责任意识，促使学生关注社会、思考现实。
参考文献：
[ 1 ]赵冰.提高应用文写作教学质量之我见[J].广西师院学报,1995.(1)75-80.[２]李艳爽.应用文写作教学的问题与对策.《中国电力教育》2009年第08期
［3］曾颂勇.浅议应用文写作教学［J］.职业教育研究，2005，（11）.［4］洪威雷.应用文写作在高校课程建设中的地位［J］.应用文写作，2007，（2）.
第二篇：应用文写作
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我是XX市XX职业学校计算机应用技术专业毕业后的学生。考有计算机资格证书，加强实践锻炼，现在已充分掌握了计算机应用的知识和技术，我也自筹了资金20万元。
这一年来，本省的用电脑的群众极速增加，许多人对电脑的需求越来越多。
为此，我申请开办个体电脑公司。恳请主管部门批准我的要求，尽早发给营业执照。开业后，我保证遵守国家的政策、法令，严格按章缴纳税金；对客户做到热情服务，合理收费，保证质量，使客户满意。
此致 敬礼
申请人 项XX 二00六年六月六日
建议书
黄老师：
最近，我们班学习风气不好，影响了全班的正常上课，会分心。为了转变学习风气、改善学习态度，提高学习成绩。我向您提出以下几点建议：
一、每天早自修安排两个同学负责早读，督促大家认真早读；
二、安排班干部记录课堂纪律，违纪者予以记名；
三、在班级合适地方张贴学习资料；
四、开展“结对帮带”的带动全班一起进步。以上几点不成熟的建议，供您参考。此致 敬礼
文秘班学生付XX 二00九年三月六日
建议书
教导处主任：
我们是07商务（3）班的学生。半个多学期来，大家感到作业负担太重。每天下课都是做作业，课外活动也被挤掉。这主要是因为有的老师喜欢拖堂，即讲课条理性较差造成的。为了提高课堂学习效率，保障休息时间，所以我们建议：
一、希望教导处对这些老师提出要求，尽量不要拖堂，最好课堂上留五之十分钟让大
家做作业；
二、希望教导处指导教师改进教学方法，尽可能做到精讲多练，活跃课堂气氛；
三、尽可能保证我们的课外活动时间。这样可以丰富我们的课余生活。以上建议，不当之处，请批评。此致 敬礼
07商务（3）班全体学生
二00八年五月三日
慰问信
敬爱的老师们：
流光溢彩的九月，秋风送爽，桃李芬芸。我们迎来了教师节，在这丹桂飘香的金秋时节悄然而至。九月如期而至。九月献给老师。我们铭记九月，因为这是你们永恒的节日；我们赞颂九月，因为这是我们真诚的表白。
三寸舌 三寸笔 三尺讲台 三千桃李 十载风 十载雨 十年树木 十万栋梁
你们总是如此默默无闻的执著于自己的工作岗位，你们总是如此深沉地奉献着自己的知识和青春。用你们阳光般温暖，雨露般甘甜的教诲，让我们从混沌中领悟人生，让我们在学习中升华！是你们，造就了生机勃勃、欣欣向荣的人民职高！是你们，伴随着我们成长，培育出自强不息、不断进取的品德！是你们，辛勤耕耘在三尺讲台上，无怨无悔！从认字的那天起，我们的每一步成长都离不开你们无限的关爱！
光阴轻轻带走了你们辛勤劳动的一幕幕，正如它轻轻带来了这让我们回忆与感动并存的九月。
九月，是只情满泗意的杯子，我们用双手高高地举起——在一片真诚的祝福声中，请你们干杯。
九月的乐章已经奏响，请接受我们九月的献礼吧！所有拼搏在教育战线的老师们。祝全校老师节日快乐、身体健康、工作顺利！
XX学校学生会 二00九年九月十日 本学期的个人学习计划
上学期因为复习课的时候不是很认真的听讲，而造成了期末考试成绩不太理想。根据上学期的期末考试各科的成绩，为保证能在这学期中的个人学习活动有序进行，进一步的提高自身学习成绩。结合上学期的学习要点，根据自身的实际能力，特制定本学期计划：
一、认真听老师讲课，认真做好笔记，认真做好家庭作业；
二、多读课外书，增强自身的课外知识，以及增强自身的阅读能力；
三、积极向老师或同学请教自己不理解的题目，以便于你更好的复习；
四、自信是非常重要的，要经常对自己说：“我是最棒的，不要让自己失去自信心。”拥有乐观，积极向上的学习态度才能更好地完成最后学习考核。
11礼仪班 叶舒婷 二0一二年五月二日
XX学校上学期创安全班级的工作总结
现在每个家庭只有两三个孩子，孩子的安全健康成长关系着每个家庭的幸福和平安，要为家长分忧解困，为做好安全教育工作是班主任工作的重中之重。班级安全是确保构建和谐校园这一目标任务实现的重要前提和保障。班级安全工作，直接关系到学生生命安全和学生健康成长，关系到千家万户幸福安宁和班级声誉。为了深入贯彻上级有关文件精神，进一步提高全校学生的安全防范意识，切实加强学生人身安全教育，创设一个稳定、安全、有序、平安 的校园环境，确保班级正常的教育教学秩序，一学年来，我认真贯彻班级有关“创建平安校园” 暨 做好班级安全工作的精神，结合我班实际，提高认识，加强管理，注重落实，讲求实效，取得了很好的成效，得到领导的肯定和社会家长的认可，切实达到了创建平安校园的目的。现将班级安全工作总结 如下：
一、班级是未成年人较为聚集的地方，班级安全工作的主要对象是在校学生，他们的自我保护意识和防范能力相对较弱，是安全工作领域的弱势群体，确保他们安全的任务十分艰巨。班级安全工作有其特殊性：
1)学生每天都有变化，都需要重申安全纪律，强调防范措施；
2)从初级中学八年级学生的年龄、生理以及知识结构、认知和自我防范能力等特点来看，班级安全工作的这根弦得时刻绷紧，时刻提防；
二、责任分工，层层落实
按照学校工作部署，具体负责本抓班的安全工作，落实班级的安全管理。成立了班主任主管，班长分管，学习委员、团支部书记、体育委员、劳动委员层层分解负责，做到一人主抓一块，层层抓落实。班主任在学年初给每位学生签订安全责任书 全面抓好下列安全工作：学生个人饮食卫生安全、参加劳动人身安全防范、安全法制教育；校内打架斗殴事件的预防与处理；禁烟和防赌安全工作。教室宿舍居住、床位安全；教学、生活设施安全；食堂饮食卫生安全；用电安全；预防基建工地人身安全。课堂教学人身安全；体育课、活动课、实验课、电脑课教学安全；实验室、电脑室等有关器材使用安全；外出教学活动人身安全。
三、建设“平安校园”，保障班级安全的关键在防范
班级 坚持 “预防为主”的方针，强化管理，落实各项安全措施。进一步明确目标责任，落实到人，学生对个人安全防范形成书面材料并上交班主任。各小组责任人认真进行自查，做到边查边改，对检查中发现的隐患和问题做好记录，并由专人负责，限期整改，切实做到层层有目标，人人有责任。
总之，班级安全管理是造福学生的一项重要举措，也是事关广大学生、班级的生命财产安全的一项重要工作，班级安全建设的成功与否与班级的改革、发展、稳定息息相关。我 们始终把安全工作摆在班级各项工作的重要位置加以落实，给学生提供一个安全健康的环境，让每位学生都充分认识到安全工作的重要性，要人人关心、人人支持、人人参与，始终围绕保障学生生命和财产安全作为重中之重，切实为班级创造安全稳定的工作发展环境贡献自己的力量。班级多一分管理，学生就多一分平安，社会就多一分和谐。
XX学校 XXX 二0一二年五月九日 XX学院办公会议记录
时间：2009年5月5日上午8：30至上午10：00 地点：第一会议室 出席人：尹XX（院长）、孔XX（办公室主任）、徐X（院长办公室秘书）及学院各部门主要负责人
缺席人：王XX、郑XX（另有会议参加）主持人：胡XX（副院长）
记录：徐X（院长办公室秘书）
议题：讨论我院如何按照市教育局的《通知》精神抓好安全工作
一、主持人开场白 略
二、主题报告
主持人传达市教育有关安全文件的通知（略）
三、讨论发言 1.尹XX：（略）2.孔XX：（略）3.徐X：（略）
四、决议
1.传达《通知》精神，对全部人员开展一次安全教育 2.各部门责成有关人员安排好安全检查、整顿工作 散会。
主持人：（签名）记录员：（签名）2009年5月5日
省商务厅深入学习实践科学发展观活动
简报 第二十五期
省商务厅深入学习实践科学发展观活动领导小组 2008年11月19日 _____________________________________________________________________ 编者按：开展深入„„，供全厅人员学习参考。
金融危机的影响及应对建议
去年年底发生在美国的„„不利影响。为此建议：
一、是密切关注金融危机„„，促进产业升级。
在国内，随着原材料价格上涨，运费„„具有重要的指导意义。
_____________________________________________________________________ 送：省委学习实践活动领导小组办公室，省委学习实践活动领导小组第六指导检查组，省商务厅学习实践活动领导小组成员，厅领导 发：厅机关各支部（总支）、各处室、厅属事业单位
（本期共印80份）
欢送词
尊敬的XXX博士：
在您访问结束，即将回国之际，我代表我方向您表示热烈欢送。
XXX博士的访问虽然短暂，然而是极其成功的。在北京期间，他会晤了有关方面的领导同志，参加了工厂、农村、学校，与各界人士进行了谈话，并认真研究了我国政治、经济、文化和教育。促进了对我国的认识和了解，增进了相互之间的友谊，为今后的合作奠定了良好的基础。
在最后，希望XXX博士再来我国进行访问，不断加深研究和了解，是合作取得更大的成就。
祝XXX博士回国途中一路平安！身体健康！
开幕词
各位老师们、各位同学们：
大家好！在今天这个令人激动的时刻，我们迎来了我校校运动会的胜利召开，在此，我代表全校老师和同学们，向这次体育盛会的召开表示热烈的祝贺！
这次运动会是对我校体育教学工作的大检阅，更是对我校师生精神面貌和综合素质的大检阅。体育是力量的角逐，体育是智慧的较量，体育是美丽的展示，体育是理想的飞扬。在这紧张激烈的赛场上，希望全校师生要以我国的体育健儿为榜样，以饱满的激情、昂扬的斗志，勇于拼搏进取的信念，团结向上的精神投入到本次运动会上。赛出成绩，赛出水平，赛出风格！让我们的实际行动来追求更高、更快、更强！
最后，祝全体运动员们赛出好成绩！预祝大会圆满成功！
XXX
二0一一年九月二十九日
第三篇：应用文写作
应用文写作
胡建舫
第一讲
应用文概述
一、概念
国家机关企事业单位社会团体个人在处理事务工作进行社会活动中经常使用的具有规范格式的文种。
训练:举例说明哪些文章属于应用文.二、特点
价值实用性
应用广泛性
建构模式性
表述简约性
使用时效性
三、作用
管理国家
宣传教育
联系沟通
凭证记载
四、分类
应用文分公务私务两大类;公务应用文可再分通用专用两类
上行
平行
下行
训练:举例说明哪些文章属于上行文
五、文本的构成要素及其要求
主旨:客观
单一
明晰
语言:直接
行业
模式
材料:真实
充分
具体
结构:合理
规范
训练:修改下面段文字
时间如白驹过隙,过得飞快，一转眼，2010年将要过去了。在过去的一年里,我公司的经济效益犹如穿云燕子,飞向百尺竿头.公司上下兴高采烈,笑逐颜开.现在,我们把去年的工作总结一下。
试写一则留言条,集体修改。
六、应用文特用词举例
称谓用语:你
我本
贵
该
开端:为了
依照
兹定于
顷接
递送:报
呈
印发
颁发
下达
转发
拟办:拟办
责成交办
试办
引叙:悉
收悉
过渡:为此
鉴于
综上所述
期请:恳请
特请
拟请
如蒙
希望
尚望
希予
结尾:当否 ,请批示
特此报告
为要
训练:解词
兹经
如蒙
拟请
鉴于
为此
此复 责成谢忱
谨悉
届期
顷接
七、关于经济应用文,略
八、常见公文的开头和结尾
开头:目的式 根据式 融合式 引文式 自然式 引叙式 时间式
结尾:自然式 强调式
总结式
说明式
希望式
征询式
第二讲
行政应用文
一、行政应用文的广义与狭义
广义,略
狭义,略
二、版式及构成要素
1.文头
1)版头
2)发文字号(联合发文
签发)
3)签发
4)秘密等级和保密期限
5)紧急程度
6)文件份号
2文件主体
1)标题(程式 简化式
标点
省略关于
戒虚题)
训练:修改标题
(1)中共中央国务院关于法轮功的通知
(2)关于召开布置增产节约劳动竞赛活动的通知
拟标题
拾金不昧
再要经费
砍伐树木
自然灾害
人事调动
转发
2)主送(顶格
顺序
概称)
3)文章主体
4)附件
5)发文机关成文日期印章(联合发文)
3.文尾
1)主题词
2)抄送
3)印制日期份数
训练:根据标题拟主题词
国务院关于十一五期间深化科学技术体制改革的决定
关于禁止在新关水库内搞旅游问题的批复
国务院办公厅克拉玛依特大火灾事故情况的通报
国务院关于发布《国家行政机关公文处理办法》的通知
关于崇明岛发电用煤缺口问题的请示
解释意思:
沪府[2007]51号
新政办函[2007]3号 填空: 关于（）《广东省碧水工程计划》的（）各市县自治县人民政府,省府直属有关单位: 《广东省碧水工程计划》业经省人民政府同意,现（）给你们,请认真执行。北京市人民政府（）各区县人民政府,市府有关直属单位:
现将国务院《关于修订<发明奖励条例>的通知》(国发[1999]279号)（给你们,请认真执行.)
第三讲
通知
一、用法
批转下级机关公文，转发上级机关和不相隶属机关公文,传达要求下级机关办理和需要有关单位周知或执行的事项，任免人员.二、批转转发类通知的写法
1.标题
1)不出现关于 2)例举
国务院办公厅转发工商总局等部门关于严厉打击传销和变相传销等非法经营活动意见的通知
云南省人民政府批转省工商局《关于做好<中华人民共和国合同法>贯彻实施工作的意见》的通知
江苏省教育厅转发教育部办公厅《关于印发<高等学校学报管理办法>的通知》的通知 2.主送,略 3.正文主体:
1)现将
《》(X[]X号)
给你们，执行。
2)
业经
同意，现批转给你们,请贯彻执行。4.附件认定
训练:修改下面一则通知。
关山市财政局转发省财政厅文件的通知 各区财政局:
现在，将财政厅二00七年九月十五日第六号《关于个部门召开订货会议,其住宿费一律由招待所旅馆等部门出具收费的通知》发给你们.通知中指出的以会议专用章等名义出具,随意提高收费标准,加收空房费,为会议上请客招待开方便之门的违反财经纪律的现象在我市也是存在的。今后，我市各单位的会议，其住宿费出具收费的单位,均拟按照上述通知的规定执行。
二00七年
月
日
三、会议通知的写法
1标题:关于召开
会议名称
的通知
2正文开头
1)自然式
目的式
融合式
2)会议名称
3)过渡:现将会议有关事项通知如下
3主体 1)分条列项式
2)内容
地点
时间
与会人员
携带材料
报到
食宿等 4结尾:自然式
强调式
希望式 训练:修改一则会议通知
关于召开布置开展增产节约劳动竞赛活动的通知 各分公司分厂各车间党支部总公司直属部门:
为贯彻上级精神，总公司董事会研究决定在全公司范围内广泛开展增产节约劳动竞赛活动.现在把会议有关问题通知如下:
一会议时间:10月4日至8日.二会议地点:总公司招待所.三与会人员:各分公司分厂总公司各直属部门主管生产的负责同志工会主席等。
四请各单位准备好本单位开展劳动竞赛活动的经验材料,限5000字.并请与会人员于10月4日前来报到。
吉林省石化总公司
****年**月**日
四、任免人员通知
例文: 海防市人民政府关于单边王鹏同志职务任 免的通知 各区县人民政府,市政府各委办局,直属机构:
经2007年9月4日海防市第十一届人民代表大会常务委员会第三十次会议决定: 任命单边同志为海防市规划委员会主任。
免去王鹏的海防市规划委员会主任职务。
二00七年九月四日
五、指示性通知
例文: 乌鲁木齐市人民政府办公厅关于在机构改革中加强我市中等专业学校管理工作有关问题的通知
各区县人民政府,市政府各委办局,各中等专业学校: 为在政府机构改革和中等职业教育结构中切实保护国有教育资产，为我市中等专业学校的发展创造良好的环境，现就加强我市中等专业学校管理工作有关问题通知如下：
一
二
第四讲
通报
一、用法
表彰先进批评错误,传达重要精神情况。
二、写法 1.标题
1)关于表彰(奖励)赵楠同学的通报 2)关于青海省特大骗汇案件的通报 2.正文
1)开头:概括叙述通报事实
2)主体:定性
通报根据
(过渡)决定 3)结尾:希望式
推及到面
训练:根据所给材料写一份通报
钟荷花同学是乌鲁木齐成人教育学院财经系2007级经济管理班学生。2009年9月4日下午5点30分,她去参加应聘工作.当路过建设银行幸福路储蓄所门前,捡到了一捆钱,坐等右等不见人来认领，就把钱交给银行工作人员。经查,为人民币三万元.又过了半个小时,失主裴顺福老人跌跌撞撞沿途找到银行.当老人拿到失而复得的钱时，老人异常激动,差点晕了过去。他泪流满面,抽出一沓钱硬要塞给钟荷花,她谢绝了.最终,老人打听到她所在学校，给学院送了一份感谢信。学院研究决定,表扬该生并奖励人民币500元。
韩成是我院计科系2005级信息管理专业的学生。2007年7月5日下午,他一个人在宿舍用电炉子煮火锅吃,酿成火灾,经过周围师生的奋力扑救，大火扑灭,但宿舍的被褥,桌椅等均不同程度受损,价值折合人民币521元。代学院写一份批评通报。
第五讲
报告
一、用法
向上级机关汇报工作反映情况答复上级机关的询问。
二、种类:工作 专题 答复 递送
三、写法
1.标题
《乌鲁木齐职业大学2010年工作报告》
《关于组织师生观看讨论影片<一曲难忘>情况的报告》 《关于近来学生思想动态的报告》 2.正文开头
1)报告的目的或缘由 2)自然式
总括式 3正文主体,略
4.正文结尾:强调式 自然式 期请式 总结式
三、习作训练:根据材料写作.2007年8月26日下午约4点,乌鲁木齐地区普降大雨,为历史上五十年不遇.当日的气象预报也没能及时准确报出.当晚12点,南山矿区暴发了泥石流,区人民医院四间药品库平房被冲毁,八间职工宿舍被冲倒塌,很多医疗器械被冲走.该院领导赶紧组织职工抢险.经过三个小时的奋战,该院把价值128万元的药品搬到了安全的地方,被冲跑的医疗器械也全部找了回来。此时,大雨忽停忽下，领导安排其他职工先回去休息.万一出现紧急情况再通知大家。
代请该院给区政府写一份反映这次灾害的报告。
第四篇：应用文写作
如何规范应用文写作
应用文不但是人类在长期的社会实践活动中形成的一种文体，而且是人们传递信息、处理事务、交流感情的工具，有的应用文还用来作为凭证和依据。可是随着社会的发展，人们在工作和生活中的交往越来越频繁，事情也越来越复杂，因此应用文的功能也就越来越多了。所谓应用文是人们在生活、学习、工作中为处理实际事物而写作，有着实用性特点，并形成惯用格式的文章。
1.当今社会包括政府单位在内，很多应用文写作不规范的行为，如何更好规范应用文写作呢？
一、明确概念、认清特点、把握语体特点
1、概念：
应用文是党政机关、企事业单位、人民团体和个人在日常工作、学习和生活中处理公私事务时使用的具有实用价值和固定格式的文体。对应用文的认识，应从两方面考察，一是从文章的功用来看，应用文从产生到发展都是以应用为目的的，或用于处理公务，或用于个人事务，这一点，使它鲜明的区别于以审美为主要功能的文学作品；二是从文章的表现形式上看，应用文较之于其他文体，有着更为严格的写作格式，语言文字也较简明通俗，这一点是与它功能上的实用性相适应的。
2、特点：
第一，功能上的实用性。
应用文的产生源于社会发展和社会生活方方面面的实际需要。国家出现，需要政事管理，出现公文，有了商品交换，契约文书应运而生；社会进入法制阶段，便产生了诉讼文书，实用性是应用文最为根本的特征和生命之所在。应用文是据以办事的工具，它既有明确具体的实用目的，又有明确、固定的使用对象。
第二，内容上的真实性。
应用文的实用性是以真实性为基础和前提的，失去真实性，应用文就失去了价值和意义，甚至会造成重大的破坏性影响。第三，形式上的程式性。
由于社会交际的需要，应用文的文体形式不断完善和充实，在结构形式、语言表达上形成了一些惯用的格式，在有些公用文书的办理上也形成了一定的程式，这就是应用文的程式性。这些程式化的东西，有的是约定俗成的，如信函、请柬的写法；有的是由国家权威行政机构做出统一规定的，如行政公文的格式及写法，都是由《国家行政机关公文处理办法》规定的，这个规定，1993年由国务院办公厅发布，2000年由国务院发布，体现了高度的统一性。还有的是由行业约定，如经济应用文的写法、建筑行业的招投标书、司法应用文中的起诉状、上诉状、申诉状等都有具体的要求和约定。第四，时限性。
应用文的写作是服务于生活和工作的实际需要的，是为解决实际问题的，所以要在一定时限内完成，这就是它的时限性。这其中包括两方面的内容： 一方面从应用文发挥作用的角度说，它有一定的时限性，应用文在一定时间内有效，过了时间就不再有效，时间短的如开会的通知，会议结束了通知就失效了，长的如行政法规、规章，最长的是国家的根本大法《宪法》，当下一部《宪法》出台后，原来的就只有保存的价值了。另一方面，从应用文的撰写的角度来说，它也要讲究时限性，在规定的时间内完成应用文的撰写，否则，就影响了工作。
二、应用文写作要遵守约定俗成的格式要求
关于应用文的写作，要十分注重人们所说的“约定俗成”的格式要求。这种写作规范并非是一种严格规定的法定形式，而是无数前人在写作实践中所取得的某种共同的认识和约定，也可以说是一种审美趣味上的趋同和共识。可见，“约定俗成”虽然不属法定规范，但它必然包含着写作规范中许多合理因素，我们应该加以继承和保留，不应随意破坏和擅自修改，以免影响应用文的特定交际功能。能够善于运用应用文的“约定俗成”格式，也是一个人语文修养和水平的具体体现。
比如就书信而言，不要以为它的写作十分简单。写信写了十几年了，还有错。实际上，真正能够规范地全部书写正确书信格式的人，可以说是凤毛麟角。有的人对此不以为然，书信格式错了，不也照样收到，意思也能理解。但它不知道，它所体现的语文修养却是有天壤之别。就像吃饭一样，有的人用脏手抓饭往嘴里塞，有的人却用高级餐具进餐，其风格的粗鲁和优雅是不可相比的。
三、注重应用文的语言特征
应用文作为一种实用性文体，语言上与其他文体相比较，主要表现出“朴实、沿习、多元、明确、简练、生动”等特征。
1、朴实——开门见山、自然质朴
文学作品属形象思维范畴，主要用场景渲染、人物描写、心理刻画等手法塑造出活生生的艺术形象来感染读者，即“以情动人”。语言上特别重视积极的修辞手法，特别讲究动词、形容词的锤练。论文写作属逻辑思维范畴，以对事理的解剖分析、综合归纳、逻辑推论“以理服人”，语言上特别重视语法、逻辑和专业术语的准确。
应用文是一种处理公私事务的工具，是用来说明事实、解决实际问题的，侧重于“以事告人”。所以语言要求朴实无华、开门见山。
2、沿习——文有定型、约定俗成。
一般说“文无定法”，但写作应用文应当遵循“惯例”。应当符合相对稳定的格式、表述规定的内容、使用习惯的语言。标题、开头、结尾、转折过渡采用习惯的用语。
3、多元——文字数据、表格图形。
一般文章多用文字表述，应用文除了用文字表述外，还可以用数据、表格、图形来说明事理，可谓“语出多门”。特别是财经类应用文则大量采用数据、表格、统计图形。
商务类文体写作
4、明确——确切无误、明白通晓。
文学创作讲“文贵曲”，而应用文有很强的政策性、实用性。要求语言明确，使人一看就懂，一懂就可执行、答复或办理，不能模棱两可，不能有再创造的余地。明确特征要求，不用或少用比喻，不用或少用具有描写性和感性色彩的词语。
5、简练——言简意赅、文约事丰。
“简”本来是战国至魏、晋时代的书写材料，是削制成的狭长竹片或木片。由于这种书写材料制作的困难，就要求作者必须言简意赅，尽量争取以少少的文字，容进多多的意思。“练”指把丝麻或布帛煮得柔软洁白，这里是要求文字写得明白。
应用文写得简实、炼是高速传递信息的需要，是节省时间、提高办事效率的需要，也是朴明确特征在“文字量”上的体现
6、生动——有声有色、活泼鲜明。
语气庄重、言简意明、直来直去、明白显露是应用文用语的基本要求。但在调查报告、总结等应用文种里，也可以用生动活泼的语言表达事理、吸引读者，感染读者。诚然，上述应用文文种不会象文学作品那样借用种种写作手法来塑造形象，只可以有限使用比喻、借代、夸张等修辞技巧，穿插使用成语、俗语、歇后语等增强文章的吸引力、感染力、新鲜感。
应用文不但是人类在长期的社会实践活动中形成的一种文体，而且是人们传递信息、处理事务、交流感情的工具，有的应用文还用来作为凭证和依据。可是随着社会的发展，人们在工作和生活中的交往越来越频繁，事情也越来越复杂，包括政府单位在内，很多应用文写作不规范的行为，如何更好规范应用文写作呢？
2.如何更好在社会各界推广应用文写作？
随着经济和社会的发展，人们在工作和生活中的交往越来越频繁，事情也越来越复杂，因此应用文的功能也就越来越多了，主要体现在以下几个方面：
一、新闻媒体所说的消息，也叫新闻。新闻这一概念有狭义和广义之分。狭义的单指消息；广义的指消息、通讯、报告文学、特写、评论、新闻照片等等。新闻消息是我们几乎天天在报上和电视上见面的一种应用文。在各种新闻宣传形式中，消息是目前世界上发表量最大、受众最多的一种文体。它在报纸、广播电台、电视台每天安排的新闻节目中，大多放在前面，而且使用频率最高的一种文体。在西方发达国家，每天播出消息的数量占整个新闻节目的70％、80％，有的甚至超过这个比例，因此在新闻方面加强应用文推广有着至关重要。
二、营销人才不仅要精通网络信息，能熟练运用电子工具，而且还必须具有较强得应用文写作能力，也就是说具有较强的应用文写作能力是衡量现代营销人才的重要标准。所以说对市场营销专业学生的应用文写作能力的培养在现代营销活动中具有极其重要的作用。
三、应用文是国家党政机关、企事业单位、民主党派、社会团体以及广大人民群众，在日常工作、生产、科研、学习和生活中办理公务和个人事务时所常用的具有直接使用价值和某种惯用体势的一类文章总称。它是人们交流思想、互通情况、解决问题、处理事务的工具。因此在国家党政机关、企事业单位、民主党派、社会团体加强应用文推广有着至关重要。
四、应用文在日常工作、生产、科研、学习和生活中办理公务和个人事务涉及的范围比较宽广，不仅体现在导游、海报、启事、礼仪类文体写作、主持词的写作、演讲词的写作、名片和请柬的创意与写作，而且体现在求职应聘类文体写作、策划类文体写作、商务类文体写作、报告类文体写作、法律类文体写作、实用类文体写作、常见公文写作等等之类的文体中。
总之，应用文写作有很明确的对象和目的，内容强调真实不能有虚构、夸张、什么比喻、拟人等等，它的文风相对来说就要朴实一些，不要凭个人好恶主观臆断。应用文写作在思维上侧重逻辑思维，讲究逻辑体现在文章结构上。就是有条理清楚、井井有条，断了之间有明显的逻辑关系。陈述事项界限清晰，不交叉、不困乱，内容前后讲究因果，材料能够证明观点。应用文有规定的格式，写作过程要按固定格式来写，不能标新立异要遵守惯用或通用格式来写。应用写作的目的是实用，语言要求简洁、明确、概括、精炼、恰当使用词语、专业词语。应用文写作体现了实用性、功用性、固定性、真实性、明确性、针对性、客观性、逻辑性、规范性、简明性、是应用文所应具备的基本特征，也是对应用文写作的基本要求。
所以在社会各界推广应用文写作对国家经济和社会发展有着极其重要和积极促进的重要作用和意义。
第五篇：应用文写作
Practical Writing I.Notices
Notices are mostly written to make known something about to happen or, sometimes, something that has happened.It may be an announcement of a meeting, a party, a film or video show, a contest, a match, etc.Such a notice includes at least three parts.1.Date—day of the week—time 2.Place 3.Activity For lectures or talks, the notices should also include: 4.Background information about the speakers, and for tours 5.Other details Models
Class Meeting Wednesday Oct.5 p.m.Rm 405
Movie— Hamlet in the Auditorium 4:00—6:00 p.m.Sat.Apr.5 Admission Free 3
Basketball Match on Playing Court # 1 English Dept.vs French Dept.Mon.June 6 5:00 PM 4
Women's Lib Movement on U.S.Campus
Speaker: Prof.Betty Powell Professor of Sociology, Smith College Author of The Other Half of the Sky
Date: Friday, 8 May Time: 10 a.m.Place: Rm.101 All Welcome!
Notice
The gentleman/lady who bought two ivory figurines and a lacquer ware coffee set from the Chinese Arts and Crafts Store on the morning of May 2nd has been overcharged through an accounting error.Will he/she please contact the Manager's Office to be refunded?
Manager's Office
FOUND
A brown leather wallet, in the dining hall on the morning of Sept.29th.Owner please claim at the Lost and Found Office, Rm.320 on the 3rd floor of the Office Building.Lost and Found Office
FOUND
A brown leather wallet, in the dining hall on the morning of Sept.29th.Owner please claim at the Lost Property Office, Rm.320 on the 3rd floor of the Office Building.Lost Property Office
SUNRISE TOUR GROUP Schedule for Tuesday, August 10
8:50 a.m.Meet in hotel lobby
to board bus for
the Summer Palace
Lunch at the Summer Palace
Quick stop at
the Friendship Store
for last-minute purchases 4:30 p.m.Return to hotel
Liu Xinhua，Tour Guide Monday, August 9 8
BUS
TOUR
We are arranging for a bus tour to the Summer Palace on this SATURDAY, 24th September.The bus will depart from the Beijing Hotel shortly after 8：30 a.m.and will return around 6 p.m., in time for dinner at the Hotel.Lunch will be served atRestaurant in the Summer Palace.There will be quick stops at the Haidian Free Market and the Beijing Zoo on our way back.If you would like to join us, please place your name on the sheet on the Notice Board, or tell Mr.Wang Huaide or Xiao Liu at the front desk, and meet in the lobby at 8:30 a.m., SATURDAY, 24th September.Cordially yours，(Signature)
Hu Wendi, Tour Guide
II.Greetings, Good Wishes, Congratulations, and Condolences
These are words conveying different messages for different occasions usually written on cards which include: 1.name of the person to whom the message is sent: To Mr.& Mrs.Smith/Dr.Brown/Prof.Stone/Dick/Annette 2.the message 3.name of the sender:
from Li Lihua Model
To Dr.Brown, A Merry Christmas and A Happy New Year!
from Li Lihua 1.Greetings(1)For Christmas and the New Year:
1)A Merry Christmas and A Happy New Year!2)Sending you wishes for a beautiful Christmas and a New Year filled with happiness!3)Best wishes for a Happy and Prosperous New Year!4)Warm regards and season's greetings.5)Warmest thoughts and best wishes for a wonderful holiday and a very Happy New Year.6)Remembering you with a warm wish for a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.(2)For a birthday: Happy Birthday!Many Happy Returns of the Day!(3)For a wedding anniversary: Many Happy Returns of Your Wedding Anniversary!2.Good Wishes(1)To someone in hospital: 1)Best wishes for a speedy recovery.2)Get Well Soon!3)Warmest Get-Well Wishes.(2)For an examination: Good luck in your examination!(3)For an interview for a jobs: Good Luck in your interview!3.Congratulations(1)On success in doing something:
Hearty congratulations on your success!(2)On a marriage: Hearty congratulations on your marriage and best wishes to you both!Best wishes for a long and happy married life to you both.4.Condolences Heartfelt/Sincere condolences in your great loss.We were shocked and deeply sorry to learn the passing away of Mr.A.Please accept our very sincere condolences in your great loss.III.Notes
Notes are short letters written for various purposes.Compared with a letter, a note is simpler in form and often informal or colloquial in language.In a note, the following may be omitted: 1.the addresses of the addressee and the addresser 2.the word “Dear” in the salutation 3.the complimentary close 4.the year in the date Be sure that the date of your note is made quite clear.Though the date may be written in numbers only, it is best not to use only numbers to avoid misunderstanding and confusion;for 10/1/93 is Oct.1, 1993 to the Americans, but Jan.10, 1993 to the British and most Europeans.October 1, 1993 may also be written as 1(st)October(,)1993 or abbreviated to 1 Oct.'93, with or without a comma between the month and the year when you write the day before the month.The names of other months with the exception of May are often abbreviated to Feb., Mar., Apr., Aug., Sept., Nov., and Dec.June and July may be abbreviated to Jun.and Jul., but it is better lo spell them out.Models
1.Appointments 1.Feb.11
Helen, Could we see each other for about an hour on Friday afternoon at 3 o'clock?
Xiaohong
2.July 15 Larry, I have to meet my wife at the airport at 3 p.m.today.Shall we discuss the matter at 10 tomorrow morning? If not, please ring me to make another time—many thanks.Liu
3.Tues.May 9 Prof.Lowell, I'd like to discuss with you the outline of my BA thesis.Could you please appoint a time and leave a message for me with Ms.Lin at/in the department office? Thank you.Wang Hong 4.Mar.8 Mr.Magee, Would you please arrange for(our)Mr.Tan Yiguo to be met at the...airport? He arrives at 18:40 hours on Flight BE 421 from London.Many thanks, Su Hoping
2.Apologies 1.Tues.Oct.20 Dear Prof.Richards, I'm sorry I couldn’t' make our 4 o’clock appointment.My meeting lasted a lot longer than I expected.I could meet you in the department office tomorrow at 3, if that is convenient for you.If not, please leave a note in my mailbox, # 529, tomorrow morning.Thank you, Zhang Hongyi
Tuesday 20th October Dear Prof.Richards, I'm sorry I couldn’t' make our 4 o’clock appointment.Prof.Sterne's lecture lasted a lot longer than I expected.I could meet you in the department office tomorrow at 3, if that is convenient for you.If not, please leave a note in my mailbox, # 529, tomorrow morning.Thanks, Zhang Hongyi
2.Sat, Oct.31 Dear Mr.Clark, I would like to express my apologies for not being able to keep our 9 o'clock appointment.I had a small accident on my way to school.I will come over to your apartment the day after tomorrow----Monday, November 2, at 9 a.m.if that is convenient for you.I will check my mailbox(# 245)tomorrow to see if you have left a note for me.Otherwise, I will see you at nine, Monday morning.With many apologies，Li Xiaomei
3.Dec.10 Dear Mr.Liang, I am so sorry I have been unable to get you the address of Mr.John Eastman yet.I have tried very hard but have had no success.1 shall keep on trying.Yours sincerely, Jane Bunyan
4.Dec.12 Dear Ms.Bunyan, I am sorry I have given you so much trouble over finding Mr.John Eastman’s address.I am very grateful to you for all you have done.Please do not worry about the matter any further.Sincerely, Liang Xinyu 5.Oct.4 Susan, I am sorry to have to tell you that I shall not be able to come to the party, because I have a bad cold.I do hope you will have a good time.Feihong
6.2nd Nov.Henry, I am sorry I shall be out of town on business on Nov.8, so I am afraid I am having to postpone our meeting to Thursday, Nov.12 at the same hour.I do hope you can still come, and very much regret any inconvenience the postponement may cause you.Shihui
7.3rd July Jianhua, I am terribly sorry 1 failed to meet you at the school gate yesterday afternoon.I had one of the bike tires punctured on my way, and by the time I had the puncture mended and got to school, you must have given up hope and left.Do please forgive me.George
3.Informal invitations 1.Julyl George, Would you like to come swimming with me next Monday afternoon? We could meet at the school gate at about 1:30 p.m.and then go together.Jianhua
2.Cathy, We are having tea and moon cakes in my flat(392)tomorrow night(Thursday)about 8 p.m.Do come if you are free.Huiling 3.Dear Mr./Prof.Leavis, There will be a meeting of our drama group on Saturday afternoon, April 5, at 5 in our classroom, # 410, in this building to discuss which play to put on for English Evening.We would like to hear your suggestions and hope you will come if you possibly can.Song Liping
4.Dear Ms.Gates, We are having a party in our classroom, # 402, to celebrate....Would it be possible for you to join us on Friday, December 29, at 8 p.m.? We would be very happy if you could be with us.Students of Class 5 Grade '93
5.Mr.& Mrs.Johnson, We should be very glad if you could come to dinner with us at our apartment at about 7 p.m.on Wednesday, Sept.21st.We look forward to seeing you.Liling & Dahua
4.Requests
1.1st August Dear Judy, Congratulations on your very good paper at the conference.Could I have a copy of it sent to the following address...? Thank you.Jiaxin
2.Dan, Please let me know as soon as possible what arrangements you have made.Thank you.Tong
3.Dear Mr.White, Would you please let us have the information about your flights to Sydney by next week.Thanks.Zhang Qingyuan
* I would like to receive this publication regularly.* I would be grateful if you could let me have full details of the symposium.* We would appreciate having the addresses and telephone numbers of your branches in Tokyo, London, and San Francisco.5.Thanks 1.Huiling, Thank you very much for the invitation.I would be delighted to come.Cathy 2.Dear Hongfei & Weizhou, Many thanks for your kind invitation to dinner on September 23rd.David and I accept with pleasure.Teresa
* Thank you very much for the lovely dinner yesterday.We enjoyed the evening a lot.* 1 am writing to thank you for the wonderful time we had at your party l.ast night.3.Dear Mr.Singh, I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for your warm hospitality during my stay in New Delhi.I enjoyed it greatly.Fang Tongbao
* I am writing to express my appreciation of all that you did for me during my visit to New Delhi.* Thank yon so much for your assistance / for the information you gave us.1 should be happy to reciprocate your kindness at any time.* It was most kind of you to give us the benefit of your experience.Please accept our warmest thanks.6.Messages 1.Dear Mr.Ali, Here is a ticket for the exhibition tomorrow.The car will come around at 10:00 tomorrow morning.Hong 2.Dear Mr.Hussain, A Mr.Ali who recently arrived from Egypt wishes to see you.You are requested lo ring him up any lime this evening from 8:00 to 10:00 at 500-5566, Ext.2106.Liu IV.Letters
Letters are important means of communication.Generally speaking, there are two types of letters, business letters and personal letters.By “business” we do not mean buying, selling, or exchanging goods with people or companies but important matters we have to discuss or deal with.Business letters may be a recommendation, a job/school application, an inquiry, an answer, an invitation, a complaint, etc.In other words, all letters which are not “personal“ are ”business“ letters.1.Form A letter has six parts: the heading, the inside address, the salutation, the body, the complimentary close, and the signature.(1)The heading The heading gives the full address of the writer and the date of the letter.It is usually written or typed in the upper right-hand corner of the first page.It may be either blocked or indented.It may or may not have end punctuation.If letterhead stationery is used, the date is often centered two or three spaces below the printed matter, though it may be written flush with either margin.The British may put a comma after each line in the heading and end the address with a period, but the Americans do not: British Ms.Jennifer Stone, 20 Fairview Drive, Eastbourne, 2BU.England.Take care that the date of your letter is made perfectly clear(See III.Notes)
(2)The inside address The inside address, which is often omitted in personal letters, gives the name and full address of the addressee.It goes above the salutation.As in the heading, the use or nonuse of end punctuation depends on the preference of the writer.BN18
American
Ms.Jennifer Stone 20 Fairview Drive Eastbourne, BN18 2BU England(3)The salutation The salutation is a greeting to the addressee.It is written flush with the left margin two spaces below the inside address.The British tend to use a comma after the salutation and the Americans a colon, especially in a business letter.The first name(Christian name)may be used in friendly personal letters.But in the salutation of a business letter, the surname of the addressee is used, as in the following examples: British: Dear Professor/Prof.Smith, Dear Mr./Dr.Stein, Dear Ms.Santos,(or Dear Miss Santos,)Dear Ms.Singh,(or Dear Mrs.Singh,)
American: Dear Professor/Prof.Smith: Dear Mr./Dr.Stein: Dear Ms.Santos:(or Dear Miss Santos:)Dear Ms.Singh:(or Dear Mrs.Singh:)
What merits the attention of Chinese students is that they should use Ms.when the marital status of a woman addressee is not known or when she(married or not)prefers the Ms.In letters to organizations, or to persons whose names you do not know, the following greetings are used:
Dear Sir:(or Dear Madam:)(or Dear Sir or Madam: if you do not know the sex of your addressee)
To whom it may concern:(only for testimonials and things of that kind)
Dear colleague:(to a person who is of the same profession as the writer, and usually used when you are sending a circular to many people)(4)The body In the body of the letter, all paragraphs should begin flush with the left margin(the block style)or begin with an equal indention(the indented style), and the letter is usually single-spaced within-the paragraph and doubled-spaced between paragraphs.(5)The complimentary close The closing of a business letter consists of three parts: complimentary close, signature, and the typed name.In the complimentary close, only the first word is capitalized.The close is followed by a comma.The conventional complimentary closes in business letters are: ”Yours truly,“ ”Yours Sincerely,“ ”Sincerely yours,“ ”Sincerely,” “Cordially yours” or ”Yours cordially.”
The close of a personal letter is of a more free choice.“Affectionately,” “Fondly,” “ Yours with love, ” “With best wishes, “ ”Love,” “Yours,” ”As ever, “ etc., can be used apart from ”Yours sincerely, “ ”Yours truly, “ etc.;which one of these you use depends on your exact relationship with the addressee.The closing can be put either on the right-hand side or left-hand side of the page.Some writers even prefer to have it in the middle one or two spaces below the last line of the letter.(6)The signature In a business letter the handwritten signature is placed between the complimentary close and the typed name of the writer, and writer's official capacity is indicated after the typed name.In a personal letter, you may sign your full name, your first name, or even a nickname in accordance with your relationship with the addressee.If you send along with your letter such things as a resume check, a receipt, etc., write Enclosure(s)or EHC.to remind addressee that besides the letter, there is another material in the envelope.If you happen to have something additional to say after you have finished the letter, you may begin with P.S., which stands for ”postscript“, and then write what you wish to add.2.Language The style and tone of letters can be greatly varied.Generally speaking, the style and tone of a personal letter differ from those business letters—the former is casual, whereas the latter is form However, for either of them, the language should be clear and direct.Business letters should be polite in lone, exact and concise wording.387 Paragraphs in business letters tend to be short.Very often you find the first and last paragraphs are single-sentence paragraphs.The first paragraph may be a single sentence that indicates the subject and purpose of the letter.If necessary, one more sentence may be used to refer to previous correspondence when such correspondence needs to be remembered.When you answer a business letter, it is advisable to identify it by mentioning its subject and date.Always remember that you begin and end a business letter with a cour-teous tone.The following are some useful expressions with which to begin or end you letters.(1)Business letters 1)Invitation * I am writing on behalf of all the members of our Literature Society to ask...* We should be very grateful if you could give a talk on ”The Latest Development in...“ to our...Club on Saturday afternoon, June 20th...2)Application for entry to a college * I am writing to ask whether you could send me some information about your college and for the application forms...* I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to do graduate study in your university...' •
* Thank you very much for the information you sent me about your college and for the application forms, which I am returning with
388 three letters of recommendation * Thank you for your enquiry about the possibility of coming as a visiting Scholar to the Department of....We should be very pleas welcome you here and to invite you to participate in the activity the Department.3)Application for scholarships/assistantships/membership jobs * I should like to apply for one of the scholarships that your department may be offering to students from other countries.Would please send me the necessary application forms and any truth tails about the scholarships...* I should be very grateful if you could let me have details c teaching assistantships in electric engineering that your department may have...* I am thinking of applying for membership of your library/d should be grateful if you would let me know how I should go it.../would you be kind enough to let me know the facility provide? * Thank you for the information about your scholarships/teaching assistantships....* Thank you for the scholarship application forms which you are
kind enough to send me...» Thank you for your help in this matter.» Thank you for your letter/I have received your letter of/date 19...* I see from your advertisement in yesterday's China Daily.* I am interested in the post/I should like to apply for the position which you advertised in yesterday's China Daily...389 * I should very much like to be considered for the post of...which was advertised in...* I am looking for a job as..., and would be grateful if you would consider me for such a post in your firm.* Thank you for your time and consideration.» I can come for an interview at any time convenient to you.» I look forward to your early reply/the interview.» I look forward to hearing from you and I do hope I shall have the opportunity of an interview.4)Applications for visas * I am planning to visit Singapore in June and should be grateful if you would let me know what I have to do to get a visa...* Will you please kindly let me have a visa for entry to your country? I enclose the forms which you sent me and also two photographs...(2)Personal letters * I am sorry that it has taken me so long to reply.., but...You will be very glad to hear that...* I thought you would be interested to hear of...* Best regards to you and your family.* Please remember me to.../ Please say hello for me to...* Please accept our thanks in advance.* If there is anything I can do for you, please do not hesitate to let me know.* In the meantime, please accept my very best wishes for a complete and speedy recovery.*...join me in sending you our warmest congratulations/in conveying our sincere sympathy to members of his family.390 3.Addressing an Envelope Write the full name and the address of the addressee in the middle part of the envelope.The return address which gives the full name and address of the writer is placed in the upper left-hand corner of the envelope.Note that the name of the addressee is written first;then the number of his/her house, followed by the name of the road/street, on the same line;then the town/city in which he/ she lives;then the county/state and the zip code;and lastly the country, if the letter is an international one.Li Mingxin
Dept.of English Beijing Foreign Studies Univ.Beijing.100081 China
Prof.Richard Miller 502 North Olive Avenue
West Palm Beach.Florida 33402 U.S.A.The following may be written on the top left-hand corner of the envelope '•(1)Put Printed Matter for printed material to be sent by surface mail.(2)Write Please Forward if you want your letter to be sent on to the addressee whose new address you do not know.(3)Mark the envelope with Photo(graph)s:(Please)Do not bend or Photos Enclosed if there are photographs in your letter.391(4)If you ask Mr.Richard Miller to pass on a letter to Mr.Li Mingxin, write Mr.Li Mingxin first, followed by c/o(which stands for ”care of“)Prof.Richard Miller and the latter's address;Mr.Li Mingxin
c/o Prof.Richard Miller
502 North Olive Ave.West Palm Beach, Florida 33402
U.S.A.5)If you ask Mr.Li Mingxin to forward a letter to Prof.Richard Miller in person, there is no need to write the address;just put Prof.Richard Miller in the middle of the envelope and underneath, Kindness of Mr.Li Mingxin.Prof.Richard Miller Kindness of Mr.Li Mingxin
392Models
1.Business Letters
Inquiry
f English Department Beijing Foreign Studies Univ.Beijing, 100081 China , Sept.5.1993
HEditor Newsweek International 444 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10022 U.S.A.Dear Editor:-
• Inside address
Salutation
I read in Newsweek/ September 14, 1987 that an updated second edition of the unabridged Random House Dictionary of the English Language is being published.I would be very grateful if you could give me some information on-where and how I can get a copy of the dictionary and if there is a less expensive edition than the one described.Thank you for any help you can give me.Complimentary close • Signature — Typed name • Invitation
Date
Dear Mr.Harvey: We should be very grateful if you could give a talk on ”...“ to students of the English Department on Saturday, Apr.19.If I his subject does not suit you, any other similar topic would also he welcome.We have already had several very interesting talks from distinguished visitors from various countries this semester and look forward eagerly to the opportunity to benefit from your experience and wisdom.I Sincerely yours.J Li Gang, President, Student Union ^Beijing Foreign Studies Univ.Closing •
Offici(3)Dear Prof.Li:
On behalf of Acting President Catherine Chapman and Wellesley College, I am extending to you our formal invitation to visit Wellesley' s campus.We have arranged a meeting between you and Mrs.Chapman for the morning of June 29 at 9:00.We would like to have you as the guest of the College for an overnight stay at the College Club either the night of June 28 or June 29.We are all looking forward to your visit to our campus.Sincerely,(Signature)Helen T.Lynn Chairman and
Kenan Chair Professor Application and Reply
338 E.44th St.Apt.11A New York, NY 10017 U.S.A.Mav 16, 1992 Professor Wang Yiming Department of English Beijing Foreign Studies University Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
395 Dear Professor Wang: I am interested in teaching English in the People's Republic of China.I am qualified to teach reading, writing and literature.An acquaintance of mine, Mr.Liu Yongli of your University suggested that I should write to you.Presently, I work as a teaching assistant in X College in Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.My background is strong in the liberal arts, especially in the English language.I have a Ph.D.degree in linguistics from University of Michigan.Enclosed you will find a copy of my resume.Basically, I am interested in a position as a foreign language expert or as a teacher.If you have any positions available, please allow me to interview with you.Thank you for your time and consideration.'
Respectfully yours,(Signature)Christine Stein End.396 BEIJING FOREIGN STUDIES UNIVERSITY Department of English 2 North Xisanhuan Ave.Beijing，100081 China letterhead June 14, 1993 Ms.Christine Stein 338 E.44th St.Apt.11A New York, NY 10017 U.S.A.Dear Ms.Stein: Thank you for your letter of May 16.I must apologize for taking so long in answering, a situation caused by a number of recent conferences.We appreciate your desire to offer your services to our University.From the information you supplied about yourself, there would be no question about your qualifications.However, we have only a small quota for foreign teachers, and all our positions for this year and the coming academic year have already been filled.We shall keep your offer on file and inform you should there be any openings.In the meantime, you might try other colleges here in Beijing or other cities.397 Thank you once again for your offer.Best wishes for success.Sincerely,(Signature)Wang Yiming(,)Chairman Department of English
Date
Chairman Department of Sociology University of Massachusetts at Amherst Amherst, MA 01003 U.S.A.Dear Sir:
I am writing to you in the hope of obtaining a one-year grant to do some research work in your department.I am an associate professor in the Department of History in the Central Institute for Nationalities.In addition to research work, I also offer courses in ethnology and sociology.Recently I have just finished a book on the history of the Jews in China, which is to be published by the New World Press ill(lie coming year.Enclosed please find three letters of recommendation and my resume.398
Thank you for your time and consideration.I look forward, to your reply
Sincerely yours,(Signature)Lo Liguo End.Department of Sociology UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AT AMHERST
(Letterhead)
Thompson Hall Amherst, MA 01003(413)545-0577
June 30, 1990 Mr.Lo Liguo Dept.of History Central Institute for Nationalities Beijing, 100081 P.R.C.Dear Mr.Lo;Thank you for your inquiry about obtaining a one-year grant to do some research work in our department.At the present time there are no grants available, and there is nothing immediately in prospect.Thank you for your interest in our department.I wish you well in find-
399 ing a one-year grant for doing research this coming year.Sincerely yours,(Signature)Joseph Lasky Professor and Chair
Dear Mr.Stratton: I would like to apply for the summer position of proofreader which you advertised in the June 16 issue of Beijing Youth.Currently I am a junior at Beijing Foreign Studies University, where I am working toward a BA degree in English.Last summer I held a similar position with Beijing Review, working as their summer replacement in the editorial department.I enjoyed the seemingly tedious work which I knew would further my professional goal of becoming an editor.The experience also helped me improve my typing skills, which I understand, is required for the job I am applying for.Mr.Liu Kailu, head of the editorial department thought well of my ability, enthusiasm, and devotion.He said that he would welcome a call from you if you wish to know more about me.His office telephone number is 831-0645.In Beijing Foreign Studies University I have been working hard and doing well in the major courses.I am fluent in both written and spoken English and my reading skills are also satisfactory.Besides, I am learning computer languages such as Basic and Fortune, so I believe I can work for your magazine without much additional training.My English teacher.Professor Shi Danian has kindly agreed to write a reference for me if it is required.400 I am available for an interview every afternoon except Wednesday.Please contact me at 842-2277, ext.309 or P.0.Box 235, Beijing Foreign Studies University, 100081.Thank you for your consideration.Sincerely yours, Su Hua Dear Professor Cooper: I have read the annual prospectus issued by your school and found that it has the best graduate program of cross-cultural studies, which you are currently presiding over.I am greatly interested in the program and hope that I may do my MA work under your instruction.I am 28 years old and am now working in the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, in charge of affairs in the Pacific areas.I love my work, as it brings me into contact with all kinds of people.At the same time, I feel the urgent need to improve myself and update my knowledge so that I can do my work better.I graduated from Beijing Foreign Studies University in 1989, majoring in English and majoring in cross-cultural communications.In college I took such courses as World History, American Society and Culture, Introduction to European Culture, and Cultural Exchanges between the East and the West, which were all conducted in English.So I believe I will have no difficulty in my MA studies.401
I have broad interests in various fields such as history, literature, music, and photography.I love sports, too;I joined the Literary Society in college and was also on the English Department's volleyball team.I have discussed my application with three of my former professors, who have urged me to apply and have kindly written letters of recommendation for me, which I enclose with this letter.I would be very grateful if you could send me the necessary application forms and any information about your scholarships or teaching assistantships.I look forward very much to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours, Zhao Jingsheng Enclosures
Introduction
532 Overbrook Road Bloomfield Hills, Michigan 48013 January 4, 1992 Prof.Liu Fangyi Dept.of Foreign Languages Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008 People's Republic of China
402 Dear Prof.Liu^ May I introduce Professor Robert Kim, Professor of Chinese language and literature at San Francisco State University and Director of the Institute for Sino-American Studies at San Francisco State University.The Institute for Sino-American Studies has responsibility for facilitating academic exchanges between appropriate institutions in China and San Francisco State University.The Board of the Institute has requested that its Director pursue discussions and preliminary negotiations with likely institutions in China.We would greatly appreciate your receiving Professor Kim as our representative in these matters and engaging in discussions with him.Truly yours,(Signature)John M.Gould, Chairman of the Board Institute for Sino-American Studies Congratulations
Mr.Hugh MacDougal(Address)June 18, 1991 Dear Mr.MacDougal，403 I was very happy to learn that you have been elected President of the Scotland China Association and I would like, on behalf of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and in my own name, to express to you my warmest congratulations.I hope that during your tenure of office the relations of friendship and cooperation that already exist between our two organizations will be further developed.Let us join our efforts to make greater contributions to the promotion of mutual understanding and friendship between the peoples of China and Scotland.With best wishes.Sincerely yours,(Signature)Chen Haitao President CPAFFC Reference To whom it may concern:
Tao Xiaoling was enrolled as student in my...course at the...University in 1990.Her performance in the class was outstanding.^ Ms.Tao participated in all of the class discussions with obvious interest, and she made valuable contributions.She has a keen mind, capable of clear logical analysis of complex subjects.She also has worthwhile original ideas, and she expresses them clearly and effectively.404 In addition, Ms.Tao has a pleasant personality.She gets along very well with other people because of her
warm and friendly attitude toward them.Ms.Tao has already proved that she can do outstanding work as an undergraduate in our university.I am sure that she would continue to do well in any university in Canada.I recommend her to you with no reservations.Sincerely yours.(Signature)(Typed name)(Official capacity)2.Personal Letters
Date Dear Liping, Jim and I want to thank you again for your part of the delicious dinner at the Wang house the other night.Everything was marvelous—obviously;I'm afraid that I'll go back to Boston even rounder than when I arrived!We want to thank you for all sorts of other things too—but I imagine we'll see you again—so I'll end
for now.As ever, Elizabeth
405
LETTERHEAD DATE Dear Liping:
It has been a few months since I last wrote you and sent you a box of books, and as I have not heard anything from you, I thought I would write again to make certain that you did, in fact, receive my letter and the books.I am concerned about the books arriving there and would appreciate your letting me know if you have received them and if they were the kind of books that you could use.Best regards, George
Date
Dear Liping, Liu Danhong called me about two weeks ago and said he had a message from you, so I asked him and his wife to have dinner and invited Hugh and Evelyn Levin, whom I thought it might be good for him to know.I was delighted to get the lovely cloth shoes and to hear that your father is recovering from the operation and that things seem hopeful.407 I appreciate your recommendation of Ms.Yan Fangzhi, and I will make certain that a copy of your letter is placed in her application review folder.I have recently accepted the post as Director of the Institute of Asian Culture at the Center.I find this position a very challenging one which entails a lot of administrative work.The Center will also be looking forward to greeting our new president.Dr.Michael Palana, a China specialist from Oxford.Dr.Palana is planning to start in January.We have an exciting year ahead of us.Carolyn joins me in sending all good wishes to you and your family.Sincerely, Philip Enclosure Dear Zhang, Thank you very much for the postcard you sent us on your arrival home.We were glad to know that you had arrived home safely and were settling down to your way of life again.We also received today a card from Yang Daoming and perhaps you would be kind enough to thank him for me 408-I should see him.Eddie was thrilled to receive a card from you as well [ know he will be writing to you.Matthew is getting to be a little chatterbox and is now at the climbing i.I think he still remembers you as when he wakes up in the mornings times calls out ”Zhang“.I'm sure he also misses the sweet-tin from second drawer of the chest in your room!
We do hope you are reaping the benefit now of your studies in England, that it is a help to you with your teaching.We often think of you when-there is news on the T.V.from China.Please remember us to all your friends and should you ever have time to ie we would be pleased to hear from you.Matthew sends you all a big kiss.Best wishes，James, Linda, and Matthew
Curriculum vitae
Curriculum vitae(c.v.)or resume is a short written account main events of one’s life.It is often required when one applies for a job.A curriculum vita usually includes the following items: name, s, telephone number, date of birth, education, and work ex-=e.Among other headings that may be added are marital status-citizenship/nationality，present position/current status, S/honors and scholarships, publications, current studies/re-t professional affiliations/memberships, languages, travel, is and interests;and references/referees.These should be inserted at suitable and logical places, but when letters of recommen-dation are not sent along with the c.V, references/referees should be the last item.When you compose your curriculum vitae, try to give the information that will show you in the best possible light.1.Name;unlike most Westerners, we Chinese put our family name at the beginning as surname, whereas they put it at the end as last name.To avoid misunderstanding, you may either put a comma after your surname—Wang, Ming—or capitalize every letter of it like this—WANG Ming.2.Address: If you like, you may write both your business or temporary address and your home address.For example: Temporary address: 17 University Ave.Providence, RI 02906(until Dec.31, 199-)
3.Telephone.”(0)or(W)is put after your office telephone number and(H), your home telephone number.4.Marital Status: Put Single or Married(, no/two children).5.Education: Schools should be listed either in chronological order(usually starting from the year when you entered college or when you got your first degree)or from the most recent backwards with the dates of attendance.Whichever way you choose, be sure that the items under such headings as work experience, awards and publications follow the same order.For example,(1)1978-1979
Nankai University Major: History 1979-' 1982
Zhongshan University Major: History 1988-1989
Harvard University Major: American Civilization(2)1985
M.A.in Computer Science, Qinghua University 1980
B.A.in Mathematics, Lanzhou University 6.Professional/Work Experience: Under this heading, in addition to the date, write also your position/title and the name of the institution.For example '•
1992-
Associate Professor of Economics, Wuhan University 19861989
Fulbright Award, United States State Department Exchange Program，Washington
USA.1990
Excellent Student, University 8.Publications: Books and articles follow the format of the biblioj raphy card in Part Eight The Research Paper, with the name ' the author omitted.411
Book:
Introduction to English Stylistics.Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1987.Article:
“Journals and Letters of Henry David Thoreau.' Trans.American Literature Quarterly, No.4, 1983.9.Professional Affiliations/Memberships: Examples under this heading are: 1971-
Member, Yunnan Provincial Writers' Association 1980June 1984 Nicholas Evans Scholarship in English Literature, 1987-88.-Illinois State Scholarship, Scholastic honors: 1984-88.416
Technical training
Attended a two-week seminar on
”Advertising in Today's Marketplace, “ sponsored by College of Business and Murray County Association of
Personal Data Age
Married, one child Health
Excellent
Willing to relocate Memberships
Journalism Club(President, 1986-87)Hobbies
Photograph, swimming
References Ms.Helen Grim
Dr.John Undsay
Mr.David Reed Grim'8 Variety Store
Prof.of English
Advertising ManageState Univ.682 Sumner St.Somerville, MA 02143 Nonnal, IL 61761
Akron, OH 44311 Phone(617)628-0977 Phone(309)436-9903.Curriculum Vitae Name
Lo, Liguo Address
Dept.of History
Central Institute for Nationalities 'Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China Telephone
842-0077 Ext.3931(0)Ext, 2024(H)Languages Date of Birth
May 8, 1953 Nationality
Chinese Education 1973-1977
People's University, Beijing Major: History 1983-1985
University of Hawaii at Manoa Major: History 1987-1991
Central Institute for Nationalities, Beijing Major: Ethnology Received Ph.D.in Ethnology, July 1991.English, fluent in spoken and written Japanese and French, able to read Professional Experience 1977-1987
Assistant, Lecturer of History, Central Institute for Nationalities 1992-Present Associate Professor of Sociology, Central Institute for Nationalities Courses offered: Introduction to Sociology, EthnoloAwards and Scholarships 1977
”Excellent Student“, People's University 1980
”Outstanding Teacher“, Central Institute for Nationalities 1987
Recipient of Wu Wenzao Scholarship, Central Institute for Nationalities 418 Publications
”China's Regional Autonomy Law.“ China Daily, 10 Dec.1989, P.4.”The Influence of Islamism on Chinese History." Chinese Muslims, No.4(1990), pp.14-16,21.A Brief History of the Jews in China.Beijing: New World Press, 1993.Exercises
I.Notices Write a notice 1.to announce a meeting/party/film show/football match/ talk;2.to give information about a bus tour to the Great Wall/some scenic spot/place of historic interest.II.Notes 1.Write a note to a foreign expert(1)making an appointment to discuss the outline of your paper with him/her;(2)asking him/her to a party to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival;
(3)apologizing for not being able to hand in your paper on time;(4)thanking him/her for lending you the reference book you 419 need.2.Write a note to a foreign friend(1)asking him/her to go to a Peking opera;(2)asking him/her to a birthday party;(3)apologizing for not being able to keep an appointment;(4)thanking him/her for a small gift.Note that the style and tone you use for notes in 1 and 2 should be somewhat different—the former is more formal, and the latter, ratDI.Letters 1.Write a business letter(1)asking a well-known professor to give a talk to students of your department;(2)asking for/giving information about a new product;(3)asking for information about a college and for the application forms;(4)applying for a scholarship/an assistantship;(5)applying for a job.Note that in(3),(4)and(5)you usually provide some information about yourself, such as age, educational background, professional expemodel Business Letters(4),(6),(8)and(9).2.Write a personal letter to a pen friend, telling him/her whatever you would like him/her to know about yourself.3.Write a personal letter to a friend.4.The following is a letter from a reader published in ChinaDaily.Write a letter in reply, explaining China' s single-child policy.The letterand meant to be published in China Daily.Editor: I'm a woman's liberationist.I read in a newspaper that women in China are not allowed to decide how may children they want to have.Thercalling itself a socialist state could trample on this first and most sacred of women' s rights—the right to motherhood—in such a flagrant way.have more than one child, and any woman who gets into a second pregnancy is forced by law to undergo induced abortion followed by surgical s
Boston, U.S.A.Ruth Hancock IV.Curriculum Vitae Prepare curriculum vitae for yourself.
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