2011年上海中级口译笔试试题及部分答案（大全）

第一篇：2011年上海中级口译笔试试题及部分答案（大全）

2011年上海中级口译笔试试题及部分答案

Questions 1—5 The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people.According to American law，if someone is accused of a crime，he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty.In other words，it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty.It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent.In order to arrest a person，the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed.The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law.Then the police take the suspect to the police station to “book” him.“Booking means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge.The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released.If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away—for example，because he owns a house and has a family—he can go free.Otherwise，the suspect must put up bail.At this time，too，the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later.A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect.This is called a hearing.The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses.The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial.If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial，he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty.At the trial，a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses.Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime.If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent，he goes free.However，if he is convicted，the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing.At this time，the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be.The judge may sentence him to prison，order him to pay a fine，or place him on probation.The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly.However，every step is designed to protect the rights of the people.These individual rights are the basis，or foundation，of the American government.1.What is the main idea of the passage？

（A）The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.（B）The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.（C）Under the American court system，judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.（D）The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.2.What follows ‘in other words’（para.1）？（A）An example of the previous sentence.（B）A new idea about the court system.（C）An item of evidence to call for a trial.（D）A restatement of the previous sentence.3.According to the passage，‘he can go free’（para.3）means _________.（A）the suspect is free to choose a lawyer to defend him（B）the suspect does not have to go to trial because the judge has decided he is innocent（C）the suspect will be informed by mail whether he is innocent or not（D）the suspect does not have to wait in jail or pay money until he goes to trial 4.What is the purpose of having the suspect pay bail？（A）To pay for the judge and the trial.（B）To pay for a court lawyer to defend the suspect.（C）To ensure that the suspect will return to court.（D）To ensure that the suspect will appear in prison.5.According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？

（A）The American justice system sometimes operates slowly.（B）The police can arrest a suspect without giving any reasons.（C）It is the responsibility of the suspect to prove he is innocent.（D）The jury considers the evidence in the court room.Questions 6—10

So you’ve got an invention—you and around 39，000 others each year，according to 2002 statistics！

The 64，000-dollar question，if you have come up with a device which you believe to be the answer to the energy crisis or you’ve invented a lawnmower which cuts grass with a jet of water（not so daft，someone has invented one），is how to ensure you’re the one to reap the rewards of your ingenuity.How will all you garden shed boffins out there keep others from capitalizing on your ideas and lining their pockets at your expense？

One of the first steps to protect your interest is to patent your invention.That can keep it out of the grasp of the pirates for at least the next 20 years.And for this reason inventors in their droves beat a constant trail from all over the country to the doors of an anonymous grey-fronted building just behind London’s Holborn to try and patent their devices.The first ‘letters patent’ were granted as long ago as 1449 to a Flemish craftsman by the name of John Utynam.The letters，written in Latin，are still on file at the office.They were granted by King Henry VI and entitled Utynam to ‘import into this country’ his knowledge of making stained glass windows in order to install such windows at Eton College.Present-day patents procedure is a more sophisticated affair than getting a go-ahead note from the monarch.These days the strict procedures governing whether you get a patent for your revolutionary mouse-trap or solar-powered back-scratcher have been reduced to a pretty exact science.From start to finish it will take around two and a half years and cost £165 for the inventor to gain patent protection for his brainchild.That’s if he’s lucky.By no means all who apply to the Patent Office，which is a branch of the Department of Trade，get a patent.A key man at the Patent Office is Bernard Partridge，Principal Examiner（Administration），who boils down to one word the vital ingredient any inventor needs before he can hope to overcome the many hurdles in the complex procedure of obtaining a patent—‘ingenuity’。6.People take out a patent because they want to __________.（A）keep their ideas from being stolen（B）reap the rewards of somebody else’s ingenuity（C）visit the patent office building（D）come up with more new devices 7.The phrase ‘the brain-children of inventors’（para.5）means _________.（A）the children with high intelligence（B）the inventions that people come up with（C）a device that a child believes to be the answer to the energy crisis（D）a lawnmower that an individual has invented to cut grass 8.What have the 1600’s machine gun and the present-day laser in common？

（A）Both were approved by the monarch.（B）Both were granted by King Henry VI.（C）Both were rejected by the Department of Trade.（D）Both were patented.9.Why is John Utynam still remembered？

（A）He is the first person to get a patent for his revolutionary mouse-trap.（B）He is the first person to be granted an official patent.（C）He is the first person to be an officer in the Patent Office.（D）He is the first person to have invented a lawnmower.10.According to the passage，how would you describe the complex procedure of obtaining a patent for an invention？（A）It is rather expensive.（B）It is an impossible task.（C）It is extremely difficult.（D）It is very tricky.Questions 11—15

All living cells on earth require moisture for their metabolism.Cereal grains when brought in from the field，although they may appear to be dry，may contain 20 per cent of moisture or more.If they are stored in a bin thus，there is sufficient moisture in them to support several varieties of insects.These insects will，therefore，live and breed and，as they grow and eat the grain，it provides them with biological energy for their life processes.This energy will，just as in man，become manifest as heat.Since the bulk of the grain acts as an insulator，the temperature surrounding the colony of insects will rise so that，not only is part of the grain spoiled by the direct attack of the insects but more may be damaged by the heat.Sometimes，the temperature may even rise to the point where the stored grain catches fire.For safe storage，grain must be dried until its moisture content is 13 per cent or less.Traditional arts of food preservation took advantage of this principle in a number of ways.The plant seeds，wheat，rye，rice，barley millet，maize，are themselves structures evolved by nature to provi-56We are moving inexorably into the age of automation.Our aim is not to devise a mechanism which can perform a thousand different actions of any individual man but，on the contrary，one which could by a single action replace a thousand men.Industrial automation has moved along three lines.First there is the conveyor belt system of continuous production whereby separate operations are linked into a single sequence.The goods produced by this well-established method are untouched by the worker，and the machine replaces both unskilled and semiskilled.Secondly，there is automation with feedback control of the quality of the product： here mechanisms are built into the system which can compare the output with a norm，that is，the actual product with what it is supposed to be，and then correct any shortcomings.The entire cycle of operations dispenses with human control except in so far as monitors are concerned.One or two examples of this type of automation will illustrate its immense possibilities.There is a factory in the U.S.A.which makes 1，000 million electric light bulbs a year，and the factory employs three hundred people.If the preautomation techniques were to be employed，the labour force required would leap to 25，000.A motor manufacturing company with 45，000 spare parts regulates their entire supply entirely by computer.Computers can be entrusted with most of the supervision of industrial installations，such as chemical plants or oil refineries.Thirdly，there is computer automation，for banks，accounting departments，insurance companies and the like.Here the essential features are the recording，storing，sorting and retrieval of information.The principal merit of modern computing machines is the achievement of their vastly greater speed of operation by comparison with unaided human effort;a task which otherwise might take years，if attempted at all，now takes days or hours.One of the most urgent problems of industrial societies rapidly introducing automation is how to fill the time that will be made free by the machines which will take over the tasks of the workers.The question is not simply of filling empty time but also of utilizing the surplus human energy that will be released.We are already seeing straws in the wind： destructive outbursts on the part of youth whose work no longer demands muscular strength.While automation will undoubtedly do away with a large number of tedious jobs，are we sure that it will not put others which are equally tedious in their place？ For an enormous amount of sheer monitoring will be required.A man in an automated plant may have to sit for hours on and watching dials and taking decisive action when some signal informs him that all is not well.What meaning will his occupation bear for the worker？ How will he devote his free time after a four or five hour stint of labor？ Moreover，what，indeed，will be the significance for him of his leisure？ If industry of the future could be purged of its monotony and meaninglessness，man would then be better equipped to use his leisure time constructively.16.The main purpose of automation is _________.（A）to devise the machine which could replace the semi-skilled（B）to process information as fast as possible（C）to develop an efficient labor-saving mechanism（D）to make an individual man perform many different actions 17.The chief benefit of computing machines is ________.（A）their greater speed of operation（B）their control of the product quality（C）their conveyor belt system of continuous production（D）their supervision of industrial installations 18.One of the problems brought about by automation in industrial societies is _________.（A）plenty of information（B）surplus human energy（C）destructive outbursts（D）less leisure time 19.Which of the following best explains the use of ‘stint’（para.4）？

（A）Effort.（B）Force.（C）Excess.（D）Period.20.According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？

（A）There is no automation with feedback control of the quality of the product.（B）Computers are reliable in any supervision of industrial installations.（C）The essential features for banks are the recording and sorting of information.（D）Automation will undoubtedly eliminate numerous tedious jobs.Questions 21—25

The city water pipes in Rome were usually of baked clay or lead;copper was sometimes used and also hollowed stone.For the large supply conduits leading to the city the Romans used covered channels with free water surfaces，rather than pipes.Perhaps this choice was a matter of economics，for apparently they could make lead pipes up to 15 inches in diameter.While pipes can follow the profile of undulating ground，with the pressure increasing in the lower areas，channels cannot.They must slope continuously downwards，because water in channels does not normally flow uphill;and the grade must be flat，from 1 in 60 in small channels to perhaps 1 in 3，000 in large ones，to keep the water speed down to a few feet per second.Thus the main supply channels or aqueducts had long lengths of flat grade and where they crossed depressions or valleys they were carried on elevated stone bridges in the form of tiered arches.At the beginning of the Christian era there were over 30 miles of these raised aqueducts in the 250 miles of channels and tunnels bringing water to Rome.The channels were up to 6 feet wide and 5 to 8 feet high.Sometimes channels were later added on the tops of existing ones.The remains of some of these aqueducts still grace the skyline on the outskirts of Rome and elsewhere in Europe similar ruins are found.Brick and stone drains were constructed in various parts of Rome.The oldest existing one is the Cloaca Maxima which follows the course of an old stream.It dates back at least to the third century B.C.Late-101112（A）People believed that spacecraft would be destroyed in a black hole.（B）People believed that spacecraft would be misguided by missiles.（C）People believed that spacecraft would be collided with a star.（D）People believed that spacecraft would be damaged by meteorites.29.What is the greatest danger to life on Earth？（A）Collision with small high-speed missiles.（B）Collision with an astronomical body.（C）Collision with stones from the sky.（D）Collision with spacecrafts.30.According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？

（A）Our galaxy contains great interstellar dust clouds.（B）Near misses of bodies smaller than our own planet could be disastrous.（C）The probability of collision with a large astronomical body is very high.（D）The chances of anyone actually being hit by missiles are very high.SECTION 3： TRANSLATION TEST（30 minutes）

Directions： Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.The culture of any society is usually thought to be of two kinds： material and nonmaterial.Material culture includes the man-made phenomena which have physical properties such as height，breadth，and wei-14

第二篇：中级口译笔试部分练习8篇

Passage 1

I think Chinese businesspeople tend to have business negotiations in a rather indirect manner，as opposed to the more direct style of American businesspeople，who are said to work with the “get-down-to-business-first” mentality.The Chinese-type management encourages cooperation among employees，between the labor and the management，and gives employees a joy of participation and fulfillment，as well as a sense of pride in their work.And most Chinese try to find the meaning of life through working in their jobs，and view work as essential for having membership in a community.The American-type，or the top-down，management emphasizes efficiency，and competition among workers.The American work ethic seems to be more individual oriented.Traditionally，Americans work because it is the will of God，and often value the results and accomplishments of work more than its process.我认为中国人在商务谈判时倾向于使用一种迂回婉转的方式，而那些被认为在工作时具有一 种“公务为先”的心态的美国人则往往表现出较为直截了当的作风。中国式的管理方式鼓励员工之间的合作，也鼓励普通员工和管理人员之间的合作，使员工有一种喜悦的参与感和成就感，使他们对自己的工作产生一种自豪感。大多数中国人想从工作中找到生活的意义，他们将工作视为成为团体中一份子的必不可缺的条件。美国式的自下而上的管理方式注重效率，注重员工之间的竞争。美国人的工作观有较强的个体取向性。美国人一直认为，工作是秉承了上帝的意志，对工作成果的重视常常高于对工作过程的重视。

Passage 2

In the short period of six days，we have gone a longer distance than the world-renowned “Long March”。We have acquired a keen sense of the diversity，dynamism，and progress of China under your policies of reform and opening to the outside world.My wife and I have a special regard and personal friendship for the people of China.Beijing is for us an old and nostalgic home.During our stay here ten years ago we spent a great deal of memorable time with the people here——working，shopping，sightseeing，and touring the city on our bicycles.Those were happy days.They were good days，important days.We were part of the dramatic process which brought us back together and set us on the road to a genuine friendly and cooperative relationship.Nonetheless，problems remain in our economic，education and strategic relations.While we are not so naive as to believe that there are no issues of difference between us，I also believe that our differences are greatly overshadowed by issues which bind us and strengthen our relationship.在短暂的六天里，我们的行程超过了举世闻名的“长征”。在改革开放政策引导下的中国，气象万千，充满活力，不断进步，这些我们都已强烈的感受到了。我和我夫人对中国人民怀有一种特殊的敬慕之情和个人友谊。对我们两人来说，北京是我们思念的故乡。十年前我们在此生活期间，我们与这里的人们一起度过了许多难忘的时光—— 我们在这里工作、购物、观光、骑自行车逛城。那是一些令人愉快的日子，一些美好的日子，一些意义重大的日子。我们参与了富有戏剧性的转变过程，这种转变使我们重新走到一起，使我们踏上了一条通往建立一种真诚友好的合作关系的道路。然而，我们在经济、教育以及战略关系中仍然存在着问题。一方面，我们不会天真的以为我们之间不存在分歧，另一方面，我也认为那些将我们联系在一起并且强化我们关系的事务，在很大程度上弱化了我们之间的差异。

Passage 3

The Washington National Cathedral is one of the largest and most famous religious centers in the United States.It belongs to the Episcopal Church.The official name of the building id the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul.The National Cathedral was built with money from private citizens.The work started in 1907，and the Cathedral was not completely finished until 1990.The first stone was laid in the presence of President Theodore Roosevelt.Every President of the United States since then has attended services or visited the Cathedral.It looks like many of the great religious centers built in Europe about 800 years ago.The building is shaped like a cross or the letter T.in the center is a bell tower 91 meters high.Two more towers stand at the bottom of the cross.Two hundred windows are set high in the walls of the National Cathedral.Most are made of many pieces of colored glass.They color the sunlight as it enters the building and spills across the floor.Some windows have flower designs.Others have images from Christian stories or from American heroes.华盛顿国家大教堂是美国规模最大、最负盛名的宗教中心之一，隶属主教派教会。该建筑的正式名称是圣彼得和圣保罗大教堂。国家大教堂是由私人赞助建造起来的。工程开始于1907年，直到1990年才完全竣工。奠基石是当着当时西奥多。罗斯福总统的面放置的。从那以后的每一任美国总统都参加过这里举行的宗教礼仪活动，或参观过大教堂。大教堂看起来像欧洲许多建于800年前的宗教大中心，形状像个“十”字，或像字母T，中间耸立了一座高达91 米的钟楼，另外两座塔楼坐落在十字形底部。200扇窗户高高的嵌在国家大教堂的墙上。大多数窗都由多块彩色玻璃拼成，射入建筑内的阳光被彩色玻璃染得五彩缤纷，洒落在大教堂一侧的地坪上，有些窗户有花卉图案，有些窗的画面则是一些有关基督教的故事或美国历史英雄的形象。Passage 4

Innovation starts at the top，and it is important for leaders to create an environment where innovation is constant，where people have the skills and incentives to think creatively.In doing so，you attract talents that want to contribute to that environment，creating a virtuous cycle for the company.Shanghai’s leadership has worked hard to create an environment where businesses can succeed.For example，Shanghai’s transportation links to the world，including Pudong International Airport and the new deep water port facility，have achieved world-class status We live in an era where innovation is central to economic growth and prosperity.It is comfortable to hold onto the old ways of doing business.But innovation is hard because it usually leads to change.Innovation requires new ideas，new processes，and new institutions.New technologies and approaches can radically change an existing market，creating new customers and competitions.But innovation and its accompanying disruption can be managed through good leadership，a long term strategy，and good people.President Hu Jintao stated at the beginning of this year that “Innovation is the core of the nation’s competitiveness.”

创新从领导层开始做起。领导层必须营造一个可以不断创新的环境，以激励人们的创新思维。这样的环境可以吸引那些乐于创新的人才，从而使公司得到良性发展。上海的领导努力为企业营造可取得成功的环境。例如，浦东国际机场和新的深水港等设施的建立，使上海与世界的交通连接达到了世界级的水平。我们生活在一个以创新驱动经济发展和繁荣的时代。墨守成规确实舒服惬意，而改革创新则困难重重，因为创新往往引发变革。创新需要新思想，新程序和新机制。新技术和新方法会剧烈的改变现行的市场秩序，既带来新的公司客户，也带来新的竞争对手，但是，如果我们有英明的领导，长期的战略以及优秀的人才，创新活动及其所伴随的冲击是可控的。******主席在年初时曾说过：“创新是国家的核心竞争力。”

Passage 5

What will the role of universities be in this globalized economy? How will they contribute to improving society through innovation that will improve the quality of life and support economic growth? How will they prepare their graduates who will extract the best and explore the greatest in this increasingly complex society? It is important to remember that undergraduate education and post-graduate education are tightly linked to research.Our education programs should ensure that the students are learning in an atmosphere characterized by the pursuit of new knowledge and process of discovery.An interrelated educational program will create a flow of young，bright and uninhibitedminds to work on the frontier of discovery.The fundamental mission of a university is the creation of new knowledge which sometimes has immediate practical applications.But that can never be the only goal.And making it a primary goal will frequently be short-sighted.Basic contributions to knowledge should be valued for being exactly that.Our university has an almost unique role in fostering such contribution.Choosing the right people is the first and perhaps the most crucial step in ensuring an innovative environment.There are three types of people that can be important.The first class of individuals consists of fanciful visionaries.The second class of important people in innovative environment consists of revolutionary explorers.The third class of individuals consists of uninhibited executors.在这个经济全球化的时代背景下，大学将扮演怎样的角色呢?大学将如何通过旨在提高生活质量、推动经济发展的创新活动进而推动社会的进步呢?在这个日新月异、充满变数的社会，大学又将如何培养那些善于取精用弘的学生呢?我们应该认识到，本科生教育和研究生教育都与研究紧密相连。我们的教育应该为学生创造一种可以探寻新知识、带来新发现的氛围，将教学与研究融合在一起的教育可以培养一批活跃在探索前沿、聪颖开放的青年才俊。大学最根本的使命就是创造新知识，虽然大学所创造的新知识有时会立即产生实际应用价值，但这决不是大学所追求的唯一目标。将获取实际应用价值的目标定位大学的主要目标是一种短视行为。基础研究也同样是大学的使命，而且大学在推动基础研究方面能发挥独特的作用。选对人是确保创新型研究环境的首要因素，也是最为关键的因素。选人要选三种人：第一种人是想法活跃的思想家，第二种人是富有革命精神的探索家，第三种人是不受常规约束的实干家。Passage 6

中国国际出版集团是中国最大的、最权威的外语出版发行单位，其前身是中央人民政府新闻出版署国际新闻局。我集团坚持“让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国”的出版原则，全心致力于中国外语教育与研究事业的发展，全心致力于中外文化交流事业的拓展。为了加强对出版人才队伍的建设，为了满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要，我集团每年都要选派一些青年员工到国内外知名高等学府和研究机构进修，根据我们的发展战略，我们会将前进的步伐迈出国界走向世界，瞄准海外读者群，这一战略已取得了良好的开局。

The China International Publishing Group is the largest and the most authoritativeforeign language publishing and distribution establishment，its predecessor being the International Press Bureau of the Central People’s Government Press and Publication Administration.Adhering to the publishing philosophy of “assisting China’s march to the world and facilitating world’s understanding of China”，the Group commits itself entirely to promoting foreign language education and research in China and advancing cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.In order to build up a strong team of publishing staff，as well as to meet the growing need of more technically demanding business，the Group makes it a rule that young staff be selected and sent to noted universities and research institutions，both domestic and overseas，for further studies.As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy，we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the world circulation market，aiming at the international readership.Our initial efforts have been very rewarding.Passage 7

改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学.As China is rising as a political and economic world power，thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up，more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.During the learning process，the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land，whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs.And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy，art，architecture，medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerablecivilization.As the second culture，Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners.This trend，so to speak，is gathering momentum and is there to stay.Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine，more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture，herbal medicines，martial arts.They are also interested in kongfu films，fashions and crafts.Seemingly outlandishwords such as dim sum，ginseng，gingko，oolongcha have crept into their everyday language.The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism，and ancient school of thought，and fengshui，an ancient art of placement.Passage 8

过去10年，海平面升高和森林砍伐的速度都是前所未有的;生态恶化、物种灭绝、臭氧层被破坏、温室效应、酸雨等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境。环境恶化造成的问题之一就是缺水。目前全世界40%以上的人口，即20 多亿人，面临缺水问题。据预测，未来25 年全球人口将由60 亿增长到80 亿，环境保护面临更大的压力。中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的过程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策。众所周知，对生态环境和生物多样性的保护是环保工作的重点。我国野生动植物物种丰富，仅脊椎动物就有6000 多种左右，高等植物3 万多种。

Sea level rose and forest were destroyed at an unprecedented rate during the last decade.A series of environmental problems such as the deterioration of ecosystem，the extinction of bio-species，damage to the ozone layer，the green-house effect，acid rain，have posed a serious threat to human living conditions.Environmental crisis leads to one of the serious problems，namely，water shortage.Presently，more than 40% of the world’s population，more than 2 billion people，now face water shortage.It is predicted that with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion over the next 25 years，more pressure on environmental protection stress is expected.As a developing country，China is confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment.Proceeding from its national conditions，China has，in the process of promoting its overall modernization program，made environmental protection one of its basic state policies.It is known to all that protection of the ecological environment and biodiversity is the focal point of environmental protection work.China is rich in wildlife species.There are about 6，000 vertebrates alone and 30，000 species of higher plants.

第三篇：上海英语中级口译完全自学通过心得(笔试部分)

中口考试分为两阶段。第一阶段笔试，一般在每年3月和9月中旬周日下午，时间150分钟，总分250分。共分四部分：

第一部分听力90分，分为三部分，均为30分。Part A是复合式听写，20个空，跟四六级考试有点类似，但区别在于全文只能听一遍，每个空要填2-4个单词，语速大约130词/分。Part B是听力理解，包括单句理解，长对话和短文。单句理解就是从四个选项中找出和所听到的句子意思最接近的一个，长对话和短文与四六级差不多。Part C是听译，分为单句听译和篇章听译，都是英译汉，即听力放英语句子和文章，然后留出一段时间，考生写出汉语翻译。

第二部分阅读60分，六篇文章，每篇文章后5个选择题。

第三部分英译汉50分，第四部分汉译英50分，要求考生不借助任何词典、参考资料和其它媒介，将一篇长度为180个单词（汉字）左右的英（汉）语文章段落译成汉（英）语。译文需忠实原文的意思，且语言通顺，符合译语规范。

合格为150分。凡第一阶段合格的考生方可参加第二阶段口试。笔试成绩两年内有效，即笔试通过后可以参加四次口试，只要任何一次通过即可拿到口译证书。

第二阶段口试，每年5月和11月，共分两部分：口语与口译。口语部分要求考生就指定话题作三分钟左右的命题发言，话题后面有三个提示问题，但不要求一定要按照问题阐述观点。考生拿到口语试题后有五分钟的准备时间。口译分英译汉和汉译英两部分，每部分均要求口译主题各不相同的两个段落。各两段，每段四断，每断两或三句，每断单独评分。答对11句及以上可以通过。

考生只有在通过笔试和口试两个阶段以后才能获得《上海市英语中级口译岗位资格证书》。

考试的指定培训教材：《中级听力教程》（周国强编著），《中级阅读教程》（陈汉生编著），《中级翻译教程》（孙万彪、冯慎宇编著），《中级口语教程》（严诚忠、朱妙南编著），《中级口译教程》（梅德明编著），均由上海外语教育出版社出版。听力和口译教程配有磁带，mp3网上可以下载到。

推荐参考书：《中级口译真题解析》，同济大学出版社，内有八套真题并配有详细解析，必买；新东方口试考试培训班指定辅导用书系列，汪海涛、邱政政主编，世界图书出版公司，一套四本，中口用到《词汇必备》，《口试备考精要》和《中口笔试备考精要》三本；《英语中级口译实用教程》，康志峰主编，华东理工大学出版社；《英语中高级口译笔试冲刺》和《口试导考》，都是谭宝泉编著，前者是上海译文出版社，后者是东华大学出版社；《实战口译》，（英）林超伦编著，外语教学与研究出版社，讲口译速记符号的。

网络资源：上海外语口译考试网（www.xiexiebang.com），南京报名点；口译资料无限网（www.xiexiebang.com），海量资料下载，而且是免费的，不过最近没有更新了；沪江口译（tr.hjenglish.com），上面有新东方、昂立等著名培训机构教师的博客；美国之音mp3下载（www.xiexiebang.com/en/voa/），美国之音是练习泛听的良好材料；上海新东方论坛（www.xiexiebang.com/index.php），这个我上的不多，大家有兴趣自己看看。

二、如何准备笔试

分为背单词、教程学习和真题演练三个阶段。如果目的只是通过考试而不是提高能力什么的，那么一切都要围绕考试展开。也许考生里不乏有人衷心热爱祖国的英汉翻译事业，但我想大多数人还是像我一样想混张证书以后找工作增加点筹码。

1.背单词

单词是肯定要背的。口译的准备一般从寒假开始，这时离你四六级考试或英语期末考试结束已经有一段时间了，背单词可以唤醒你丧失的英语记忆。而且上面也提到口译单词涉及到诸多方面，其中绝大部分都是具有中国特色、与我国现阶段国情紧密相关的，社会实用性很强，这些都是大学英语教学所欠缺的。有些单词你可能以前都没有接触过，通过背单词，可以初步了解口译考试的考点。

我用的是新东方的《中/高级口译考试词汇必备》，这也是迄今为止我所知道的最好的口译单词书。它打破了单词书按字母顺序编写的常规，将口译常用单词和词组分为若干类，既有英译中，也有中译英，充分考虑了口译的双向性。所选内容除了来自教程外，还参考了国内外多种资料和媒体，很多翻译（特别是对外口径）都是“权威”表达。

背单词点到为止，千万不要花太多时间，毕竟考试不是考默写单词。我不理解为什么很多人准备四六级考试都是天天捧着一本单词书写写划划的，我记得自己当时单词就看了两遍，还是当小说看的那种。另外这本单词书有不少是高口，甚至高口都考不到的词汇，中口阶段没有必要去记。对常用单词有个印象即可，注上音标和汉语意思。

2.教程学习

同理，教程也没必要花太多时间。通过对题型的分析可以发现，口译考试听力部分的长对话和短文、阅读部分跟以前的考试完全相同，单句理解和短对话有共通之处，不同的只有听译和翻译。对应到教程上就是听力教程的听译部分和翻译教程。

翻译教程应该好好研读。我的复习程序是：英译汉：自己认真翻译一遍，阅读英语原文，查生词，注上音标和汉语意思；看注释；对照英语原文和参考译文，体会翻译方法，划重点；对比自己译文和所给译文，补划重点。汉译英：自己翻译；看英语翻译，查生词，注音标和汉语意思；看注解，对照原文和所给译文，体会翻译方法，划重点；对比自己译文和所给译文，补划重点。如果觉得将汉语翻译成英语有困难或者时间不够的话也可以直接看原文和所给译文。

听译部分很多都讲了影子训练法和速记符号，具体的大家可以上网查。我个人觉得都没有必要学，听译30分只占总分的1/8还不到，而且你不可能一分拿不到，只要有一定听力基础的一般至少10分。所以我觉得没有必要刻意去训练，放到真题中演练就可以了。事实上我一直到口试通过了都没有学速记符号，只要字写得快点自己还能认得，短期记忆也不是过目就忘，就直接全部记下来好了。试想一下，强行学了符号，上考场一紧张你还能记得多少？听到单词第一反应不是记下来而是想该用哪个符号代替，听力稍瞬即逝，这种二次读取记忆往往很危险。

三、分项突破

复合式听写很多人都反映文章能听懂但就是单词记不下来。听力基本功最重要，此外要熟练掌握常用单词的拼写。因为最终考察的就是听到单词后写下来，所以反应一定要快。至少达到“能基本听懂，根据上下文意思能正确写出”。可以“鬼画符”尽量力求完整的把所有内容记下来，也可以用缩写。上面说过了，根据个人情况。如果你速记符号不是很熟最好用前者。另外，在写字的同时，耳朵还要继续听录音，眼睛扫视后面的句子，大脑保持高度紧张，才能跟上录音的速度。

听力理解有一定难度，因为可供理解的信息比较少，只有一句，所以比短对话难猜。长对话和短文跟四六级差不多。这一部分在听前一定要把选项仔细读一遍，至少看完前5个题目的选项，在听每道题目前再把四个选项好好读几遍，猜出题目大概会问什么，然后通过听到的关键词捕捉最有用的信息做出选择。听译也是目前国内大部分英语考试中没有出现过的题型。这种题目难度主要在于理解和记忆。首先，如果听不懂或判断错了主题，就只能凭空想象乱写一气。其次，听懂但转眼就忘了，这可以通过日常的训练加以解决。影子训练法和速记符号大家上网去查，在这里我还是建议大家提高一下自己的写字速度和辨认能力。我只是在真题中演练了一下，具体方法是：记笔记，在下面写出汉语，句子听译和短文翻译以及两篇短文听译之间誊抄部分译句；听英语，看英语原文和所给译文，体会翻译方法，划重点；对比自己译文和所给译文，划出漏听词并注上译文。

至于阅读，中口阅读文章的难度介于四六级之间，但是时间紧，这就要求有一定速度和准确性。建议大家在做阅读时争取一遍完成，不要指望回头检查。其实我当时阅读考得很差，60分只拿了24分。都说阅读是大头，我也奇怪自己笔试怎么通过的。很惭愧所以不能给大家什么指点，好在除了文章长一点外和四六级大致相同，大家按自己一贯的方法就可以了。

翻译包括英译汉和汉译英，这也是考察语言真实水平的题目。除了掌握一定的翻译技巧和方法外，还需要有大量的翻译实践。翻译题目最好都事先动手做一遍，不要以为看看答案就能做得一样。自己译完后再对照答案，看看什么地方理解错误，什么地方可以翻译得更好。这就是上面我说的要对照、对比原文和译文的原因。至于语言表达，一定不要强行记忆标准答案里很晦涩难懂的翻译，一切都要以自己原有的行文习惯为基础。能使用接近答案的语言当然更好，但只要意思能准确表达出来，基本分也能拿到。但万一背下来的东西到考场上写不出来，或者不小心犯了语法错误，分数就全没有了。大家一定要记住这一点：笔试只要通过，成绩高低对口试没有影响。还有就是熟练掌握口译常用词汇，要很熟练。相对来说英译汉比汉译英简单，因为汉语是我们的母语，只要英语大致看懂了，总能用汉语把意思表达出来。但汉译英就不同了，笨一点的方法是一一对应，即每个汉语意思都与一个固定的英语单词对应。至于谚语，一般来说中口不太能考到这个。如果是英语谚语，一定要结合上下文意思，千万不要翻译得太离谱；汉语谚语则领会大意，用语法正确的英语句子把大致意思表达出来就可以了。

四、临场注意事项

听力的时间是固定的。试卷上写的是阅读和翻译各50分钟，但我还是建议大家做完听力后就做翻译，40分钟搞定，然后做阅读。万一到最后时间不够了选择题可以蒙，翻译是一定要写字的。

复合式听写做完后有约2分钟的时间让你把答案填到答题卷上，先不要把答案抄上去，马上看听力理解部分选择题的选项猜题目。单句听译间隙约45秒，篇章听译间隙约2分半，做题时心中有数。

翻译首先把文章通读一遍，理清字句和层次，同时构思翻译；一定不要全文打文字草稿，因为时间不够，个别长句和很没有把握的句子可以适当勾划；保持卷面整洁，最后写上去的答案不要太乱；最后再把译文快速检查一遍。

第四篇：2007年3月中级口译笔试答案

中口真题200703参考答案

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST

Part A: Spot Dictation 1.at fault 11.treat them fairly 2.supervisors and chief executives 12.more likely to respect 3.cover up 13.have offended 4.character flaws 14.was viewed 5.affects 15.raised his voice 6.repairing your wrong 16.appropriate 7.guilty party 17.embarrassment 8.the individuals most hurt 18.were present 9.admit mistakes 19.how timely 10.the opposite is true 20.apologize for it

Part B: Listening Comprehension

1.Statements 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.D 2.Talks and Conversations 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.D 18.D 19.D 20.C 21.A 22.B 23.B 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.C 28.A 29.C 30.B

Part C: Listening and Translation

I.Sentence Translation 1.Ladies and gentlemen, since the international club meets only once every semester, for this special event, the first thing on our agenda is to elect a person to chair our meeting.女士们，先生们，我们的国际俱乐部每学期只聚会一次，所以为了本次聚会，第一项议程就是选举出本次会议的主席。2.Scientists claim that animals, including men, can live 5 times longer than their normal period of growth.If this theory is accurate, our future generations can expect a life-span of 150 years.科学家们认为，动物，包括人类，生命期可以是其正常生长期的五倍。如果这一理论是正确的，未来人类预期寿命可达150年。

3.It seems that few employees know how to take criticism constructively.It’s only too easy to misinterpret a critical comment about a piece of work as a personal attack.看来很少有公司雇员懂得如何建设性地接受批评意见。对于一项工作的批评太容易被误解为人身攻击了。

4.Television can be harmful if it is watched constantly.However when it is watched in a moderate way, it is valuable as it provides relaxation, entertainment and education.如果我们不停地看电视，这对我们是有害的。但如果是适度观看，那么电视就是有价值的，它可以起到放松、娱乐和教育的作用。

5.By the year 2000, the population of the developing world living in urban areas had risen to about 46% and it is estimated to reach more than 57% by the year 2025.至2000年，在发展中国家，城市居民比例已上升至46%，预计至2025年，这一比例将超过57%。

II.Passage Translation 1.It is not surprising that cheating is difficult to resist.Today the Internet offers many temptations – there are term papers for sale along with articles that can be copied for free with the click of a mouse.A survey finds that 30 percent of students say cheating during tests happens quite often ,and over 65 percent admit asking their friends for help even when a professor has told them to work alone.It is hard to believe that these young people will change their ways after graduation.http://tr.hjenglish.com 参考译文：毫不奇怪，作弊是很难抵御的。今天的因特网提供了众多的诱惑-有学期论文供出售,还有文章可以免费摘抄，你只要用鼠标一点即可。一项调查发现，30%的学生说在测试中作弊常有发生,65%的学生承认，即使教授告诉他们自己要独立完成作业，也会向朋友求助。很难相信这些年轻人在毕业后会改变他们的这种方式。

2.Despite the bird – flu, chicken remains the most popular meat today for a number of reasons.First, its reasonable cost puts chicken within everyone’s reach.Second, chicken can be prepared so many different ways.It can ,for example, be cooked in spaghetti sauce or with noodles and soups.It can be baked, boiled or fried.Last and most important, chicken has a high nutritional value.Four ounces of chicken contain twenty–eight grams of protein, which is almost half the recommended daily dietary allowance.h 参考译文：尽管有禽流感的威胁，鸡肉仍然是当今最受欢迎的肉食品，有几个原因：第一，鸡肉价格合理，人人皆可承受。第二，鸡肉吃法众多，比如，可以同通心粉汁或面条或汤一起煮。鸡肉可以烧、煮或炸着吃。最后也是最重要的一个原因是，鸡肉营养价值很高。4盎司的鸡肉含有28克的蛋白质，那几乎是推荐人体每日摄入量的一半了。

SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS Questions 1~30 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.D 18.C 19.B 20.C 21.B 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.B 26.B 27.D 28.A 29.B 30.D SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST(1)

【参考译文】

在1972年，100万美元可真是一大笔钱。但对于住在巴黎的经营有方的美国古董商罗伯特•海克特而言，就一个精美的古希腊花瓶来说，他向纽约大都会博物馆开出的这个价钱并不算高。这只花瓶的历史比耶稣诞生还要早500年，是由当时一个公认的美术大家绘制的。自从那宗古希腊花瓶收购之后，古董的价格一路飙升。

然而，日益兴盛的古董买卖，其问题不在于价格离谱，而是远比价格更为重要的事情，那就是古董的来源。这些稀世珍宝来自何方？谁是其合法拥有者？日益增多的证据表明，越来越多的文物正在其所在国被非法挖掘。例如，最近英国对总数达546件文物的五大收藏进行了研究，确定其中82%来源可疑。从意大利到希腊到土耳其，许多国家长期来一直在抱怨走私文物交易，却多半无法加以阻止。SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST(2)

【参考译文】

China owes its successful bid for the World Exposition in 2010 to the international community’s support for and confidence in its reform and opening-up.The World Exposition will be the first one in a developing country since it was first held in 1851 in London, UK, which gives expression to the expectations the world’s people place on China’s future development.The theme of World Expo 2010 Shanghai is “Better City, Better Life.” The prospect of future urban life, a subject of global interest, concerns every nation and its people, Being the first World Exposition on the theme of city, Expo 2010 will attract about 200 nations and international organizations to participate in it, with an estimate of 70 million visitors from home and abroad.

第五篇：2013年9月上海中级口译答案

Spot dictation

Next, let's talk about earthquakes on our planet.Some countries have large numbers of earthquakes.Japan is one of them.Others do not have many.For example, there are few earthquakes in Britain.There is often a great noise during an earthquake.The ground vibrates.Houses fall down.Trains run off the lines.Sometimes, there is a heavy loss of human lives.Earthquakes often happen near volcanoes, but this is not always true.The centers of some earthquakes are under the sea.The bottom of the sea suddenly moves.The powerful forces inside the earth break the rocks.The coast is shaken and great waves appear.These waves, also known as seismic waves, or tsunamis can travel long distances and rush over the land when they reach it.They are strong enough to break down houses and other buildings.Very often fires follow the most serious earthquakes.In 1906, the great earthquake at San Francisco broke the gas pipes.The gas escaped, and soon large numbers of fires were burning in the city.The water pipes were also shaken and broken, so it was not possible to put the fires out.There was no water.The Tokyo Earthquake of 1923 happened just before noon.People were cooking meals on their fires at that time.When the ground shook, the fires shook, too.Hot materials were thrown on the different parts of the houses, some of which were made of wood.Soon 134 fires were burning in the city.What kind of building stands up best in an earthquake? A building with concrete walls is perhaps the best.A steel frame will make it even stronger.The frame holds the different parts together and the walls do not easily fall.There is less chance of fire because concrete and steel do not burn.Over the years, scientists carefully studied the results of the earthquake in different parts of the world, and they are convinced that this kind of building is the safest.【2013年9月中级口译听力真题 Spot Dictation解析】

根据文意，本文类似一段关于地震的讲座。说话者开篇就讲述了地震的危害，并在之后的段落中相继介绍了地震形成的原因，以及用1906年旧金山大地震1923年的东京大地震举例说明了地震也会伴随着大火。最后，通过这些生动的例子，说话者又利用一个问句引出科学家们通过研究发现，钢筋水泥房是最安全的。

整篇文章没有出现特别难的生词，而且地震也是大家较为熟悉的，所以总体难度并不大。Statement：

1.George started his new job with King Brothers only a month ago and he wants to invite his boss, the sales manager to dinner.2.I got some bad news today.The store with which I work is laying off stuff.I'm worried that they are going to let me go.3.You are not supposed to see Gary tonight.He plans to finish his financial report this week and he is too busy for parties these days.4.I hope our first supply will induce your customers to place regular orders in the future.And we both can make big profits.5.These books are two weeks overdue.But luckily for me, there's a moratorium this week on fines.They are trying to encourage returns.6.May is a time for green grass, picnics, and unfortunately, examinations.In the United States, high school students take their final examinations at the end of every school year.7.China is now the third largest producer of films in the world.However, most of the revenue came from a handful of the movies produced.8.Let me explain why I questioned the feasibility of the project.We don't appear to have enough time.If we were to push our people, the quality of the product becomes questionable.9.While some species of whales are nearing extinction, many countries refuse to accept even a partial ban on whale hunting.10.In 1950, New York City was the only city with a population of ten million.Now, in 2010, worldwide we have 38 cities with populations of over ten million people.【2013年9月中级口译听力真题Statement解析】

statements总体难度不高，但是对于lay off，induce，overdue，moratorium，revenue，feasibility等词还是需要同学们平时的多多积累。另外，做题过程中还要注意对数字的敏感度，如statement 10就出现了包括年份、人口数量、城市数量在内的多个数字，千万不要一定到数字就犯晕。其实做statement还有一个要点是听出一些包含转折、递进、让步等含义的信号词，本次的statement中出现了不少but，however，while，利用这些关键词准确把握句意是做题的关键。

Talks and Conversations 1

Questions 11 ~ 14 are based on the following conversation.M: I’m going to Boston next week and I’d like to make some reservations.Can you fix that for me?

W: Sure.What dates are you traveling on?

M: Ur„ Starting Monday, June 18, about mid-day, late morning or early afternoon.W: Let me check, please.Yes, I can get you on a noon flight from New Orleans to Boston.How does that sound?

M: That’s just fine.W: OK.Now where are you planning to stay?

M: Top Hotel, Boston.Would you make reservations for Monday, June 18 and Tuesday, June 19? Two nights, single, with bath, please.By the way, I prefer it in the non-smoking area.W: June 18 and 19.Single with bath.Non-smoking area.Top Hotel, Boston.Yes, they have the room available.M: Fine.What is the man doing? When is the man’s flight? How long is the man going to stay in Boston? Which of the following is not a requirement by the man for his accommodation?

【评析】

本对话是一段关于订机票和酒店的日常对话，难度不大，主要考察细节获取。在听对话时可以预测会对日期、时间等细节进行提问，所以要注意抓取关键信息做好笔记。关键词：make reservations 预订 non-smoking area 无烟区

Talks and Conversations 2

Questions 15 ~ 18 are based on the following talk.If you live in the United States, there are a number of ways that you and your family can mix well with the local residents.Many large American cities have sports teams.If you are working with Americans, it would be a good idea to find out about the local sports teams so that you can participate in the almost inevitable discussions about how our team will do this year.Sports review is also a good source of information from which you can learn about the most popular sports in the country.Most Americans are car owners and some are even obsessive about the subject.They can spend hours discussing the merits of foreign cars versus American cars, deciding on the best family car or the best sports car.And car-repair is also a popular topic of discussion.You can contribute by talking about cars you have owned, or by sharing information you’ve read in automotive magazines such as Car And Driver or Popular Mechanics.Americans watch television almost every night and attend movies regularly.So naturally, television shows and the latest movies become topics for discussion.If you are unable to watch American television or attend American movies, reading the entertainment section of such magazines as Time and Newsweek will keep you up to date on what is popular in America.Reading these magazines will also give you a broad American perspective on current events in both America and the world.They are good resources for information that you can use in discussions.According to the speaker, why do we need to find out about the local sports teams in America? What magazines will give you information about American movies? Whom is the speaker addressing? What is the main idea of the talk?

【评析】本文是一篇介绍美国生活的小短文，旨在告知听者一些融入美国生活的方式。其中介绍了美国人对于体育、汽车、影视的喜爱，听者可以投其所好、入乡随俗。难度适中，考查细节理解和主旨理解。在做题时要根据全文内容把握主旨大意，同时要注意举例时候提到的一些细节。

关键词：mix 融入，混合 sports review 体育评论 obsessive 着迷的 car-repair 修车 attend movies 看电影Talks and Conversations 3

Questions 19 ~ 22 are based on the following conversation.M: Well, Shirley, now that we’ve seen the 3 apartments, which one do you like best?

W: I don’t know Brad.I know one thing.I didn’t like the one on the 68th street.M: Neither did I.Let’s cross that one off.That leaves the 72nd street one and the 80th street one.W: The one on the 80th street has a better view and a very cheerful kitchen.M: Yes, and I like the carpeting in the hall.It was clean, but there was no good place to put a desk.W: That’s true.You should always just put it in the corner of the living room.But then you wouldn’t have any privacy and the bedroom was too small.M: Right.And I do need to be able to leave my work out on the desk without having it looked into by nosy visitors.W: Oh, Brad, we don’t have that kind of visitors.But I do agree the desk shouldn’t be in the living room.It is a constant reminder of unfinished work.What about the 72nd street apartment? It has a dining area;we could eat in the kitchen and put the desk in the dining area.It’s more private there.M: Yes, that sounds OK.Only what I didn’t like about that place was the west wind though.It gets quite hard in the late afternoon with the sun beating down on the window.W: Didn’t you notice the air-conditioner?

M: No, was there one?

W: Yes, and we could improve on the curtains too.M: That place did have the best parking facilities of the three.W: Yes, I think that apartment is best for our needs.There is good parking and there is a semi-private area for your desk.That takes care of the daily activities.We will just let the other chips fall where they may.M: OK.Let’s take that one.How many apartments have they seen? Why did Brad and Shirley cross off the apartment on the 68th street? What is wrong with the west window? Which considerations are crucial in Brad and Shirley’s choice of an apartment? Which apartment have they decided to rent?

【评析】本对话选自中级口译听力教程。这是一段关于挑选公寓的日常对话，难度适中，主要考察细节理解。通过对话，将每个公寓进行了比较，提出了各自的优缺点，最后进行权衡，选择了第72大街的公寓。在做题时要听清楚每项描述具体属于哪一公寓，避免混淆。

关键词：cross off 划掉 privacy 隐私 nosy 好管闲事的 parking facility 泊车设施

Let the chips fall where they may.不管后果如何。

Talks and Conversations 4

Questions 23—26 are based on the following conversation.As any parent will tell you, small cuts and miner grazes are unavoidable among small children.Such cuts and grazes will usually need little or no treatment.The bleeding will clean the wound naturally, and it should stop within a few minutes, as the blood clots and dries.More serious cuts may need to be gently cleaned with soft cotton and warm water.They should then be dressed with a clean cotton bandage.Follow this simple checklist of questions.Ask yourself each of these questions in order to make sure you treat cuts and grazes properly:

Firstly, is the cut on the face? If it is, call a doctor as soon as possible – especially if the eye is injured.Secondly, is the cut near the eye? If it is, put a clean piece of cotton wool over it and press down firmly for about 5 minutes.Thirdly, ask yourself if the cut is still bleeding badly.If it is, dress it with a clean cotton bandage and call a doctor as soon as possible.Fourthly, is the cut a deep one, and is it wide open? If it is, clean the cut gently, with clean cotton wool and a little warm water.Then hold it close with an adhesive dressing.Fifth question: was the cut made by a nail or a long, sharp piece of wood? If it was, there may be some dirt in the cut.Let it bleed for a while, to clean itself.Then clean it with cotton wool and warm water and dress it with a clean cotton bandage.Finally, don't forget that young children can become very easily upset or shocked by a cut-especially if it is a serious one.Try to keep them calm and quiet.Don't give them anything to drink, but keep their lips wet with a little water.Q23 What do we learn from the beginning of the talk?

Q24 According to the talk, when should you call a doctor immediately?

Q25 What should you do if the cut is made by a nail or a sharp piece of wood?

Q26 What should you do if the child is nervous or upset?

Talks and Conversations 4

Questions 27--30 are based on the following conversation.W: Are you still having troubles with your car?

M: Yes, it’s been in the repair shop 3 times this month.I should get a new car instead of a second-hand one, but I can’t afford to buy a new one.W: New cars cost a fortune these days.My brother-in-law just paid 15,000 dollars for his new one.That’s almost half as much as they paid for their house 10 years ago!

M: But what you do without car? We can’t get along without them.W: We all depend too much on our cars.I drive my husband to the train and drive the children to school.Then I drive to the store for food and drive the kids home from school.After that, it’s time to drive to the railroad station again.M: Remember when drive-in movies were new? Now lots of people watch movies from their cars.W: And now there are drive-in banks where you can cash a check without going into the bank.In some places there are drive-in libraries, churches, and post offices.M: I’ve even read about a wedding that was performed in a car!

W: Where was that?

M: There was an article about it in last night’s newspaper.There’s a town in Florida where you can get married without getting out of your car.I remember the name of that town: lovely lady Florida.W: Do you mean that the minister marries the couple in their automobile?

M: No, there’s no minister.They aren’t church marriages.The justice of the peace gets into the car to perform the ceremony.W: In spite of all these modern conveniences, people still feel tired at the end of the day.M: People don’t get any exercise.They have stopped going to tennis courts or baseball fields.That’s why they get fat.W: So then they buy expensive machines to give them exercises at home.M: It really doesn’t make sense.Q27 Which of the following is true about the man?

Q28 Which of the following drive-in facilities is not mentioned in the conversation?

Q29 According to the newspaper, what happened in the town of Love Lady Florida?

Q30 What main idea is discussed in the conversation?

Sentence Translation

1.Evidence shows that older people who participate in lifelong learning are healthier, more active, and have more social contacts.有证据表明，参与终身学习的老年人更健康，更积极，和社会的接触也更多。

【解析】本句没有太难的句式，定语从句译为“„„的”即可。关键词participate in 参加，lifelong learning 终身学习，这是近年来较为流行的一个词，同学们可适当记一下。

2.According to a survey made on more than 100 brands of bottled water in the supermarket, bottled water may not be cleaner or safer than tap water from our kitchen.根据一项针对超市里100个品牌的瓶装水的调查显示，瓶装水不一定比我们厨房里的自来水更干净或更安全。

【解析】survey后的非谓语结构可以译为“„„的”，并适当增词，“针对„„的调查”，后半句难度较低，注意把比较级译出即可。关键词tap water 自来水。

3.Basketball has become one of America’s most popular sports, and it can be played outside or indoors.Basketball became an Olympic game in 1936, but it was invented in 1891.篮球已经成为了美国最受欢迎的运动之一，既可以在室内进行也可以在室外进行。1936年，篮球成为奥运会项目，但是它在1891年就已经诞生了。

【解析】该句要搞清楚两个时间点对应的分别是哪两件事，1936年，对应篮球成为奥运项目，1891年对应篮球的发明。

4.China now has the world’s largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change.目前中国拥有世界上最大的手机移动网络，而且它正在投资新能源，既保持经济持续增长，又能应对气候变化。

【解析】本句要注意的是一些词的转译，比如combat climate change，combat本意为“与„„战斗”，和气候变化搭配，略有不妥，可转译为中文里常说的“应对”。

5.People climb mountains for many reasons.Some enjoy the challenge of trying to reach high places, others like to explore and admire the beauty of nature.人们爬山有很多理由。有人享受努力攀登高峰的挑战，有人喜爱探索并欣赏自然的美景。

【解析】该句需要注意的是不要漏译，如最后的explore and admire，有人爬山除了探索，还有欣赏自然美景，不要漏译了admire。

Passage Translation 1

How many people in the United States own a computer? According to a recent survey, three out four American adults, 76% claimed to own a computer.Nowadays people use computers for simple tasks, such as writing e-mail letters，and for more complex tasks such as e-commerce or e-banking.Children use computers to play games or they use them to do homework.With a popularity of personal computers, computers will be more advanced.And they will be easily accessible by people all around the world.【参考译文】

在美国多少人有电脑？最近的调查显示，美国成年人中，四个人中间有三个人有，即76%计划过拥有一台电脑。现今人们用电脑来完成简单的任务，如写电子邮件，在更复杂的任务方面，例如用其进行电子商务或电子银行。儿童用电脑玩游戏或用来做家庭作业。随着个人电脑的普及，电脑将更先进。并且电脑将方便世界各地的人们。

【评析】该段话题主要讲美国电脑的普及情况及用途。是我们非常熟悉的话题。听译的时候注意记住数据及核心词译法。其他表达英译汉要符合汉语表达习惯。

关键词：

e-mail 电子邮件

e-commerce 电子商务

e-bank 电子银行

accessible 易使用的，可得到的

Passage Translation 2

It is easy to show that intelligence is something we are born with.The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence.If we take two unrelated people at random, their degree of intelligence might be completely different.Yes, on the other hand we take two identical trends.They will very likely be as intelligent as each other.Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children usually have similar intelligence.And these clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.【参考译文】

很容易说明我们的智力是天生的。两人之间的血缘关系越近，他们的智力可能越接近。如果我们随机拿两个不相干的人来看，他们的智商水平可能会完全不同。反之亦然。他们很可能会彼此都一样聪明。像兄妹之间、父母和子女之间这种关系，他们通常有相似的智力。这些清楚地表明智力取决于天生。

【评析】本段主要是谈论血缘关系远近与智力水平相似度关系。听译时注意原文表达关系时先后逻辑顺序及论证过程。注意比较级结构。听懂大意再下笔。

关键词：

intelligence n.智力

blood relationship 血统，血缘关系

identical adj.相同的

intelligent adj.聪明的，智能的

【2013年9月中级口译英译汉原文】

Americans are much more likely than citizens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy, i.e.Government by people selected according to merit.But this self-image is a fantasy: America actually stands out as a the advanced country in which it matters most who your parents were, the country in which those born on one of society‟s lower rungs have the least chance of climbing to the top or even to the middle.And if you ask why America is more class-bound in practice than the rest of the Western world, a large part of the reason is that our government falls down on the job of creating equal opportunity.The failure starts early: in America, the holes in the social safety net mean that both low-income mothers and their children are all too likely to suffer from poor nutrition and receive inadequate health care.It continues once children reach school age, where they encounter a system in which the affluent send their kids to good, well-financed public schools or, if they choose, to private schools, while less-advantaged children get a far worse education.【2013年9月中级口译英译汉参考译文】

美国人可能比任何其他国家的人都更相信他们生活在一个精英制度之下，人们推选的政府也是据其优势。然而，这个自我形象是一种幻想：作为先进国家，实际上美国的突出特点是出身至关重要，在这个国度里，来自社会底层的人几乎没有机会爬到社会中层，更不用说社会顶层。

如果你要问为什么实际上美国比其他西方国家都要阶级分明，主要原因就是我们的政府在创造公平机会方面的失败。

这种不公平很早以前就开始了：在美国，由于社会安全网存在漏洞，这就意味着低收入的母亲和他们的孩子完全有可能存在营养不良，得不到足够的医疗服务。孩子到了上学年龄这种情况也不会得到改观，他们所遇到的体制是富人可以送自己的孩子到资金充足的好的公立学校上学，如果愿意，还可以从送到私立学校上学，而穷人孩子接受的教育却非常差。

【2013年9月中级口译英译汉评析】

这篇文章出自克鲁格曼《纽约时报》专栏文章America„s Unlevel Field（“并不公平的美国竞技场 ”），继续抨击共和党总统候选人罗姆尼。同学平时备考选材多注意这些外国报刊文章。这篇文章的难度比较适中，其中第一个长句是难点，也是理解整个短文的重点。

关键词

meritocracy 英才教育(制度)，精英 理的社会

self-image 自我形象，自我定位

stand out 突出，引人注目

affluent 富裕的，丰富的

【2013年9月中级口译汉译英原文】

自古以来，我国各民族人民劳动、生息、繁衍在祖国的土地上，各民族组之间建立了紧密的政治经济文化联系，早在两千多年前就形成了幅员辽阔的统一国家。悠久的中华文化，成为维系民族团结和国家统一的牢固纽带。

我们的先人历来把独立自主作为立国之本。中国作为人类文明发祥地之一，在几千年的历史进程中，文化传统始终没有中断。近代中国虽屡遭列强欺凌，国势衰败，但经过全民族的百年抗争，又以巨人的姿态重新站立起来。

【2013年9月中级口译汉译英参考译文】

From ancient times, our people of all ethnic groups have labored, lived, multiplied on this land, where closely-knitted political, economic and cultural links have been established.As early as two thousand years ago, we have built a unified nation with a vast territory.The long-standing Chinese cultures become a strong bond for ethnic harmony and national unity.Our ancestors were dedicated to the proposition of maintaining independence.As one of the cradles of human civilizations，China has all along maintained its cultural tradition without letup in the history of several thousand years.In modern times, the frequent bullying and humiliation by imperialist powers once weakened China.However, after a hundred year's struggle of the entire Chinese nation, China has stood up again as a giant.【2013年9月中级口译汉译英评析】

这篇文章难度适中。一般源自领导人讲话材料，因此口译考试多关注国家领导发言稿。

本篇重点在于一些关于民族历史和发展的固定搭配词汇。如：劳动、繁衍、生息、幅员辽阔的统一国家、纽带、发祥地等，因此注意积累相关固定表达。