第一篇:《左思传》阅读练习答案及翻译
阅读下面的文言文,完成15—19题。(共19分)
左 思 传
左思字太冲,齐国临淄人也。家世儒学。父雍,起小吏,以能擢授殿中侍御史。思少学书及鼓琴,并不成。雍谓友人曰:“思所晓解,不及我少时。”思遂感激勤学。貌寝,口讷,而辞藻壮丽。不好交游,惟以闲居为事。
造《齐都赋》,一年乃成,复欲赋三都,会妹芬入宫,移家京师。乃诣著作郎张载访岷邛之事。遂构思十年,门庭藩溷皆著纸笔,遇得一句,即便疏之。自以所见不博,求为秘书郎。及赋成,时人未之重。思自以其作不谢班张,恐以人废言,安定皇甫谧有高誉,思造而示之。谧称善,为其赋序。张载为注《魏都》,刘逵注《吴》《蜀》而序之曰:“观中古以来为赋者多矣,相如《子虚》擅名于前,扬雄《羽猎》摛藻于后;班固《两都》理胜其辞,张衡《二京》文过其意。至若此赋,拟议数家,傅辞会义,抑多精致,非夫研核者不能练其旨,非夫博物者不能统其异。世咸贵远而贱近,莫肯用心于明物。斯文吾有异焉,故聊以馀思为其引诂。”自是之后,盛重于时。司空张华见而叹曰:“班张之流也。使读之者尽而有余,久而更新。”于是豪贵之家竞相传写,洛阳为之纸贵。初,陆机入洛,欲为此赋,闻思作之,抚掌而笑,与弟云书曰:“此间有伧父,欲作《三都赋》,须其成,当以覆酒瓮耳。”及思赋出,机绝叹伏,以为不能加也,遂辍笔焉。
秘书监贾谧请讲《汉书》谧诛退居宜春里专意典籍及张方纵暴都邑举家适冀州数岁以疾终。
[注]伧父:粗野的人。
15.对下列句子加点词语的解释,不正确的一项是()
A.遇得一句,即便疏之 疏:记录 B.思自以其作不谢班张 谢:逊色
C.非夫研核者不能练其旨 练:通晓 D.机绝叹伏,以为不能加也 加:增加
16.下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法不相同的一组是()
A.以能擢授殿中侍御史 久之,能以足音辨人 B.谧称善,为其赋序 秦王为赵王击缻
C.使读之者尽而有余 较秦之所得与战胜而得者 D.遂辍笔焉 然郑亡,子亦有不利焉
17.下列对原文有关内容的理解和赏析,不正确的一项是()
A.本文对左思的描述极为简洁,他撰写《三都赋》时的举止心理虽只是寥寥几笔,却生动地表现了他创作时的勤勉和对作品的自信。
B.本文叙述简练,多用引述,写皇甫谧、张载、刘逵为《三都赋》作注写序和司空张华的大加赞赏,有力地突出了左思在文学上的成就。
C.本文传神地写出了陆机对左思欲作《三都赋》时的挖苦嘲讽,但看了《三都赋》后,他却叹服之极,从此不再写作,可见左思的《三都赋》堪为精品。
D.本文写左思创作的《三都赋》,既写左思写作之艰辛,又写其赋之精妙,既有正面的赞颂,又有反面的衬托,使文章重点突出,起伏有致。
18.用“/”给文中画波浪线的部分断句。(3分)
秘 书 监 贾 谧 请 讲《 汉 书 》 谧 诛 退 居 宜春 里 专 意 典 籍 及 张 方 纵 暴都 邑 举 家 适 冀州 数 岁 以 疾 终。
19.把文言文阅读材料中画线的句子译成现代汉语。(7分)
①斯文吾有异焉,故聊以馀思为其引诂。(3分)
②此间有伧父,欲作《三都赋》,须其成,当以覆酒瓮耳。(4分)
参考答案:
15.D 加:超越
16.C 表转折|表结果
17.C“从此不再写作”有误
18.秘书监贾谧请讲《汉书》/谧诛/退居宜春里/专意典籍/及张方纵暴都邑/举家适冀州/数岁/以疾终。(3分,断对两处得1分,断对四处得2分,断对六处得3分)
19.① 对这篇赋我很惊异,所以姑且用多余的精力为它引申作注。
②这里有个粗俗鄙陋的人,想作《三都赋》,等他写成了,也只好用那些纸盖酒坛子罢了。(6分,各3分。意思符合即可,有欠缺酌扣)
参考译文:
左思,字太冲,齐国临淄人。他家世代传承儒学。父亲左雍起于小吏,凭借才能被提拔为殿中侍御史。左思小时候学习钟繇、胡昭的书法,并学鼓琴,都没学成。左雍对朋友说:“左思通晓、理解的东西,比不上我小时候。”左思于是受到感发和激励,勤奋向学,并且擅长阴阳之术。他相貌丑陋,口齿笨拙,诗文辞采却壮美华丽。不喜欢与人交游,只以闲居为事。
作《齐都赋》,用了一年时间才完成。又想作《三都赋》,赶上妹妹左芬(被晋武帝征召)入宫,把家搬到京师,于是拜访著作郎张载,访求四川成都一带的事情。于是用十年时间构思,门旁庭前,篱边厕所,都放着笔和纸,偶得一句,立即记录下来。自己认为见闻不够广博,请求(到秘书省)担任(掌管图书典籍的)秘书郎之职。等到赋写成之后,当时人并未给予重视。左思自认为他的赋作比之班固、张衡之作毫不逊色,担心人们因为看不起他这个人而废弃他的作品。安定人皇甫谧有很高的声望,左思前去拜访他,把自己的作品给他看。皇甫谧大为称道,并且替他的赋写了序文。张载为其中的《魏都赋》作了注释,刘逵为其中的《吴都赋》《蜀都赋》作了注释,并为之作序说:“观战国以来,作赋的人太多了,司马相如的《子虚赋》在前代享有盛名,班固的《两都赋》道理胜过文辞,张衡的《二京赋》文采超过立意。至于这篇赋作,比拟诸家,或运用辞藻表现思想,或运用事实阐发意蕴,也颇有情致,不精研细审的人不能详知这篇赋作中蕴含的深意远旨,不通晓众物的人不能统摄这篇赋作中涉及的殊物异闻。世人都崇尚古代的作品,看不起当世之人的创作,没有人肯花心思了解作品实质。”陈留人卫权又为左思此赋作了《略解》,从此以后,《三都赋》被时人称誉推崇,文章太多,不一一记载。司空张华见到此赋,感叹说:“左思是班固、张衡之流的人物,(此赋)能使诵读的人感觉文已尽而意有余,历时越久,越有新意。”于是豪门贵族之家争相传阅抄写,京城洛阳的纸张供不应求,价格大涨。起初,陆机(261—303)从南方来到洛下,打算创作《三都赋》,听说左思正写此赋,拍手而笑,给弟弟陆云写信说:“这里有个粗俗鄙陋的北人,想作《三都赋》,等他写成了,也只好用那些纸盖酒坛子罢了。”等到左思的赋作传出,陆机赞叹佩服至极,认为不能超越(他),于是停笔不写了。
秘书省长官贾谧请他主讲《汉书》,贾谧(在“八王之乱”中)被诛杀后,左思退居宜春里,一门儿心思扑在典籍上。等到张方肆意暴虐,祸害京都洛阳左思将全家人搬到冀州。几年后,因病而死。
第二篇:翻译练习及答案参考
汉翻英:重点翻译红色字体部分,其它部分也可翻译。
之一:题目:不要抛弃学问(胡适1929年中国公学18级毕业赠言)
诸位毕业同学:
你们现在要离开母校了,我没有什么礼物送给你们,只好送你们一句话罢。
这一句话是:“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭不得已而做的。从今以后,你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候,努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的,等到精力衰时,要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计,学问绝不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问,三年五年之后,你们都要被后进少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救,恐怕已太晚了。
有人说:“出去做事之后,生活问题亟须解决,哪有工夫去读书?即使要做学问,既没有图书馆,又没有实验室,哪能做学问?”
我要对你们说:凡是要等到有了图书馆方才读书的,有了图书馆也不肯读书。凡是要等到有了实验室方才做研究 的,有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个问题,自然会撙衣节食去买书,自然会想出法子来设置仪器。至于时间,更不成问题。达尔文一生多病,不能多做工,每天只能做一点钟的工作。你们看他的成绩!每天花一点钟看十页有用的书,每年可看三千六百多页书,三十年读约十一万页书。
诸位,十万页书可以使你成一个学者了。可是,每天看三种小报也得费你一点钟的工夫;四圈麻将也得费你一点半钟的光阴。看小报呢,还是打麻将呢,还是努力做一个学者呢?全靠你们自己的选择!
易卜生说:“你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。”
学问便是铸器的工具。抛弃了学问便是毁了你自己。
再会了!你们的母校眼睁睁地要看你们十年之后成什么器。
汉翻英之二:桂林位于广西壮族自治区的东北角,被誉为“最美的和最值得外国游客观光的中国城市”。中国广泛流传这样一句话:桂林山水甲天下。岩溶峰林地貌,晶莹剔透的江水,经常浮现与中国艺术作品中,而神奇独特的洞穴更为桂林美景增添不少景致。
英汉翻译 : Mother's Letter to the World Dear World:
My son starts school today.It’s going to be strange and new to him for a while.And I wish you would sort of treat him gently. You see,up to now,he’s been king of the roost.He’s been boss of the back yard.I have always been around to repair his wounds,and to soothe his feelings.
But now― things are going to be different.
This morning,he’s going to walk down the front steps,wave his hand and start on his great adventure that will probably include wars and tragedy and sorrow.To live his life in the world he has to live in will require faith and love and courage.
So,World,I wish you would sort of take him by his young hand and teach him the things he will have to know.Teach him―but gently,if you can.Teach him that for every scoundrel,there is a hero;that for every crooked politician there is a dedicated leader;that for every enemy there is a friend.Teach him the wonders of books.Give him quiet time to ponder the eternal mystery of birds in the sky,bees in the sun,and flowers on the green hill.Teach him it is far more honorable to fail than to cheat.Teach him to have faith in his own ideas,even if everyone else tells him they are wrong.Teach him to sell his brawn and brains to the highest bidder,but never to
put a price on his heart and soul.Teach him to close his ears to a howling mob...and to stand and fight if he thinks he’s right.Teach him gently,World,but don’t coddle him,because only the test of fire makes fine steel.
This is a big order,World,but see what you can do.He’s such a nice little fellow.
英译汉之:新闻材料
(注意:标题的翻译要出彩)
How China Does 'The Bachelor'
More than 50,000 young beauties from across China have lined up to win a date with one of 18 young, millionaire bachelors.The contest is the latest in a trend of beauty contests for the rich that has been criticized heavily in the media, on the net, and even by the government.The new contest was organized online, and its first round was held simultaneously in several major cities.Most contestants have already gone home in defeat, having failed an examination by feng shui masters to see whether they have a 'lucky face', according to an article on the People's Daily's
English website.Only 18 finalists will ultimately datethe eligible young men.Editorials in the online edition of China Daily, mirroring the overwhelmingly negative public reaction, blast the contest as 'money worship' and accuse it of treating women as sex objects.Editorialist Zhang Tianpin complains that the contest is the kind of scandalous behavior that makes many Chinese hate wealthy people.Elites should not to flaunt their money to seek beautiful women as partners but invest their money in activities for the benefit of society,' he argues.Some defend the contest by saying that at least the women are mature and chosen not solely for their looks.Men are looking for the whole package: 'beauty, good temperament, psychological balance, sound character, good educational qualification, high moral values, love, and respect for the institution of marriage,' asserts freelance journalist Huang Yunxiang.Indeed, most of the contestants are between 28 and 30, college-educated and have steady jobs.China has seen a steady expansion of elite dating contests, TV shows and websites in recent years.Golden Bachelor
Matchmakers, a high-end dating site, hires 'Love Hunters' to scour the country for attractive women between 5 feet,5 inches and 5 feet, 8 inches.Then, luxurious parties with steep entrance fees pair up rich men with these carefully selected beauties.It is not like they use money to find true love.They just want to have the best options,' Golden Bachelor Chairman Xu Tianli told China Daily.Vocal critics, however, are uncomfortable with the impact of these beauty contests on Chinese culture.According to an online article in the Global Times, the government has ordered all TV stations to stop showing 22-year-old fashion model Ma Nuo after she made comments that Chinese audiences deemed 'too materialistic.'
On a TV dating show, Ma refused an unemployed man's offer of a bicycle ride, saying: 'I would rather weep in a BMW than smile on your bicycle.'
中国各地五万多名年轻美女报名应征与18位年轻的单身男富豪约会的机会,这是美女争嫁富豪潮流的新一波,媒体、网络甚至中国政府一直在对这种活动进行严厉谴责。
ZUMApress.com舟山国际海洋小姐大赛的参赛选手为拍摄合影摆姿势。这次活动是在线组织的,第一轮竞争在几个大城市同步举行。据《人民日报》(People's Daily)英文网络版报道,大多数应征者未能通过风水师审查她们是否有“旺夫相”这一关,已失败回家。
仅有18名进入决赛的美女将最终获得约会机会,如果幸运的话,还将嫁给合适 的年轻男士。
《中国日报》(China Daily)网络版评论反映出多数公众对这一事件持完全否定态度,抨击这种活动是“拜金”,并指责这种作法是将女性视为性玩物。评论人张天频(音)批评说,这是一种可耻的行径,使得众多中国人仇视富人。
他说,精英人士不应化大钱找美女结婚,而应将钱用于造福社会等活动。
有人为这类活动辩解说,至少这些女性是成熟的,不光凭外表入选。自由撰稿人黄云翔(音)说,男性追求的女性条件是:相貌好、有气质、心态平和、性格好、受过良好教育、有高尚的价值观、有爱心而且要尊重婚姻。的确,大多数应征者年龄为28至30岁之间,受过大学教育,且有稳定的工作。
近年来,中国的精英婚恋活动、电视婚恋节目及婚恋网络呈逐渐增加趋势。一家高端婚恋网站钻石王老五征婚网(Golden Bachelor Matchmakers)雇佣“爱情猎头”在全国搜寻1.65米至1.72米的魅力女性。而后举行入场费昂贵的奢侈派对将这些精心挑拣出来的美女与富豪配对。
钻石王老五征婚网总裁徐天立接受《中国日报》采访时说,富豪们用钱不可能找到真爱。他们只是想有最好的选择。
但直言不讳的评论家们,就美女争嫁富豪类征婚活动对中国文化的冲击非常不安。据《环球时报》一篇在线文章称,政府已下令所有的电视台封杀22岁的时装模特马诺,此前她的言论让中国观众认为“过于功利化”。
之前在一个电视婚恋节目《非诚勿扰》中,马诺拒绝了一位失业男士的求婚,她说,“我宁愿坐在宝马里哭,也不坐在自行车后座上笑”。
不要抛弃学问
Never give up the pursuit of learning.诸位毕业同学:
Dear students of the Graduating Class,你们现在要离开母校了,我没有什么礼物送你们,只好送你们一句话罢。
As you are leaving your alma mater, I have nothing to offer you as a gift except a word of advice.这一句话是:“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭,不得已而做的,从今以后,你们可以依自己的心愿自由去研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候,努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的,等到精力衰时,要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计,学问决不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问,三年五年之后,你们都要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救,恐怕已太晚了。My advice is, “Never give up the pursuit of learning.” You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, or, in other words, out of sheer necessity.However, from now on you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies.While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return.And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.Knowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence.If you give up studies while holding a job,you will in a couple of years have had yourselves replaced by young people.It will then be too late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again.有人说:“出去做事之后,生活问题急需解决,哪有工夫去读书?即使要做学问,既没有图书馆,又没有实验室,哪能做学问?” Sone people say, “Once you have a job, you'll come up against the urgent problem of making a living.How can you manage to find time to study? Even if you want to, will it be possible with no library or laboratory available?” 我要对你们说:凡是要等到有了图书馆方才读书,有了图书馆也不肯读书。凡是要等到有了实验室方才做研究的,有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个问题,自然会撙衣节食去买书,自然会想出法子来设置仪器。
Now let me tell you this.Those who refuse to study for lack of a liabrary will most probably continue to do so even though there is a library.And those who refuse to do research for lack of a laboratory will most probably continue to do so even though a laboratory is available.As long as you set your mind on studies, you
will naturally cut down on food and clothing to buy books or do everything possible to acquire necessary instruments.至于时间,更不成问题。达尔文一生多病,不能多作工,每天只能做一点钟的工作。你看他的成绩!每天花一点钟看10页有用的书,每年可看3600多页书,30年可读11万页书。Time is no object.Charles Darwin could only work one hour a day due to ill health.Yet what a remarkable man he was!If you spend one hour a day reading 10 pages of a book, you can finish more than 3,600 pages a year, and 110,000 pages in 30 years.诸位,11万页书可以使你成一个学者了。可是,每天看三种小报也得费你一点钟的工夫,四圈麻将也得费你一点半钟的光阴。看小报呢?还是打麻将呢?还是努力做一个学者呢?全靠你们自己的选择!
Dear students, 110000 pages will be quite enough to make a learned man of you.It will take you one hour to read three tabloids a day, and one and half hours to finish four rounds of mah-jong a day.Reading tabloids, playing mah-jongs or striving to be a learned man, the choice lies with you.易卜生说:“你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。” Henrik Ibsen says, “It's your supreme duty to cast yourself into a useful implement.” 学问便是铸器的工具。抛弃了学问便是毁了你们自己。Learning is the casting mould.Forsake learning, and you will ruin yourself.再会了!你们的母校眼睁睁地要看你们十年之后成什么器。Farewell!Your alma mater is watching eagerly to see what will become of you ten years from now.①“不要抛弃学问”在这里的意思是“不要放弃对学问的追求”,因此不能直译为 Never Give up Learning,必须加字:Never Give up the Pursuit of Learning.②“你们可以依自己的心愿自由去研究了”译为you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies,其中 to follow one's own bent 是成语,和 to follow one's inclination 同义,作“做自己感兴趣或爱做的事”解。③“做学问”译为 to go into scholarship, 等于 to engage in learning。
④“学问决不会辜负人的”译为 Knowledge will do you a good turn,其中 to do one a good turn 是成语,作“"做对某人有益的事”解。
⑤“撙衣节食”即“省吃省穿”,现译为 cut down on food and clothing, 其中 to cut down on 是成语,与 to economize on 同义,作“节约”解。又,上语也可译为 to live frugally.⑥“至于时间,更不成问题”译为 Time is no object, 其中 no object 是成语,等于 no problem, 作“不成问题”或“不在话下”解。
⑦“全靠你们自己的选择”译为 the choie lies with you 或 it is up to you to make the choice.⑧“你们的母校眼睁睁地要看......”中的“眼睁睁地”通常的意思是“无可奈何地”,现在这里做“热切地”解,故译为eagerly。
汉翻英:桂林位于广西壮族自治区的东北角,被誉为“最美的和最值得外国游客观光的中国城市”。中国广泛流传这样一句话:桂林山水甲天下。岩溶峰林地貌,晶莹剔透的江水,经常浮现与中国艺术作品中,而神奇独特的洞穴更为桂林美景增添不少景致。
Situated in the northeast corner of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Gulin is hailed by many as the most beautifu place in China and one of the must-see destinations for most foreign tourists.There is a popular Chinese saying,”Guilin’s scenery bests all others in the world”.Its shapely-rising limestone towers and crystal-clear waters are often portrayed in Chinese artworks.Adding to its natural beauty are many fascinating caves.英译汉之一:
How China Does “The Bachelor”
More than 50,000 young beauties from across China have lined up to win a date with one of 18 young, millionaire bachelors.The contest is the latest in a trend of beauty contests for the rich that has been criticized heavily in the media, on the
net, and even by the government.中国各地五万多名年轻美女报名应征与18位年轻的单身男富豪约会的机会,这是美女争嫁富豪潮流的新一波,媒体、网络甚至中国政府一直在对这种活动进行严厉谴责。
The new contest was organized online, and its first round was held simultaneously in several major cities.Most contestants have already gone home in defeat, having failed an examination by feng shui masters to see whether they have a 'lucky face', according to an article on the People's Daily's English website.Only 18 finalists will ultimately datethe eligible young men.ZUMApress.com舟山国际海洋小姐大赛的参赛选手为拍摄合影摆姿势。这次活动是在线组织的,第一轮竞争在几个大城市同步举行。据《人民日报》(People's Daily)英文网络版报道,大多数应征者未能通过风水师审查她们是否有“旺夫相”这一关,已失败回家。
仅有18名进入决赛的美女将最终获得约会机会,如果幸运的话,还将嫁给合适的年轻男士。
Editorials in the online edition of China Daily, mirroring the
overwhelmingly negative public reaction, blast the contest as 'money worship' and accuse it of treating women as sex objects.Editorialist Zhang Tianpin complains that the contest is the kind of scandalous behavior that makes many Chinese hate wealthy people.Elites should 'not to flaunt their money to seek beautiful women as partners but invest their money in activities for the benefit of society,' he argues.《中国日报》(China Daily)网络版评论反映出多数公众对这一事件持完全否定态度,抨击这种活动是“拜金”,并指责这种作法是将女性视为性玩物。评论人张天频(音)批评说,这是一种可耻的行径,使得众多中国人仇视富人。
他说,精英人士不应化大钱找美女结婚,而应将钱用于造福社会等活动
Some defend the contest by saying that at least the women are mature and chosen not solely for their looks.Men are looking for the whole package: 'beauty, good temperament, psychological balance, sound character, good educational qualification, high moral values, love, and respect for the institution of marriage,' asserts freelance journalist Huang Yunxiang.Indeed, most of the contestants are between 28 and 30, college-educated and have steady jobs.有人为这类活动辩解说,至少这些女性是成熟的,不光凭外表入选。自由撰稿人黄云翔(音)说,男性追求的女性条件是:相貌好、有气质、心态平和、性格好、受过良好教育、有高尚的价值观、有爱心而且要尊重婚姻。的确,大多数应征者年龄为28至30岁之间,受过大学教育,且有稳定的工作。
China has seen a steady expansion of elite dating contests, TV shows and websites in recent years.Golden Bachelor Matchmakers, a high-end dating site, hires 'Love Hunters' to scour the country for attractive women between 5 feet, 5 inches and 5 feet, 8 inches.Then, luxurious parties with steep entrance fees pair up rich men with these carefully selected beauties.'It is not like they use money to find true love.They just want to have the best options,' Golden Bachelor Chairman Xu Tianli told China Daily.近年来,中国的精英婚恋活动、电视婚恋节目及婚恋网络呈逐渐增加趋势。一家高端婚恋网站钻石王老五征婚网(Golden Bachelor Matchmakers)雇佣“爱情猎头”在全国搜寻1.65米至1.72米的魅力女性。而后举行入场费昂贵的奢侈派对将这些精心挑拣出来的美女与富豪配对。
钻石王老五征婚网总裁徐天立接受《中国日报》采访时
说,富豪们用钱不可能找到真爱。他们只是想有最好的选择。
Vocal critics, however, are uncomfortable with the impact of these beauty contests on Chinese culture.According to an online article in the Global Times, the government has ordered all TV stations to stop showing 22-year-old fashion model Ma Nuo after she made comments that Chinese audiences deemed 'too materialistic.'
On a TV dating show, Ma refused an unemployed man's offer of a bicycle ride, saying: 'I would rather weep in a BMW than smile [on your] bicycle.'但直言不讳的评论家们,就美女争嫁富豪类征婚活动对中国文化的冲击非常不安。据《环球时报》一篇在线文章称,政府已下令所有的电视台封杀22岁的时装模特马诺,此前她的言论让中国观众认为“过于功利化”。
之前在一个电视婚恋节目《非诚勿扰》中,马诺拒绝了一位失业男士的求婚,她说,“我宁愿坐在宝马里哭,也不坐在自行车后座上笑”。
钻石王老五征婚:美女蜂拥 媒体炮轰
中国各地五万多名年轻美女报名应征与18位年轻的单
身男富豪约会的机会,这是美女争嫁富豪潮流的新一波,媒体、网络甚至中国政府一直在对这种活动进行严厉谴责。
ZUMApress.com舟山国际海洋小姐大赛的参赛选手为拍摄合影摆姿势。这次活动是在线组织的,第一轮竞争在几个大城市同步举行。据《人民日报》(People's Daily)英文网络版报道,大多数应征者未能通过风水师审查她们是否有“旺夫相”这一关,已失败回家。
仅有18名进入决赛的美女将最终获得约会机会,如果幸运的话,还将嫁给合适的年轻男士。
《中国日报》(China Daily)网络版评论反映出多数公众对这一事件持完全否定态度,抨击这种活动是“拜金”,并指责这种作法是将女性视为性玩物。评论人张天频(音)批评说,这是一种可耻的行径,使得众多中国人仇视富人。
他说,精英人士不应化大钱找美女结婚,而应将钱用于造福社会等活动
有人为这类活动辩解说,至少这些女性是成熟的,不光凭外表入选。自由撰稿人黄云翔(音)说,男性追求的女性条件是:相貌好、有气质、心态平和、性格好、受过良好教育、有高尚的价值观、有爱心而且要尊重婚姻。的确,大多数应征者年龄为28至30岁之间,受过大学教育,且有稳定的工作。
近年来,中国的精英婚恋活动、电视婚恋节目及婚恋网
络呈逐渐增加趋势。一家高端婚恋网站钻石王老五征婚网(Golden Bachelor Matchmakers)雇佣“爱情猎头”在全国搜寻1.65米至1.72米的魅力女性。而后举行入场费昂贵的奢侈派对将这些精心挑拣出来的美女与富豪配对。
钻石王老五征婚网总裁徐天立接受《中国日报》采访时说,富豪们用钱不可能找到真爱。他们只是想有最好的选择。
但直言不讳的评论家们,就美女争嫁富豪类征婚活动对中国文化的冲击非常不安。据《环球时报》一篇在线文章称,政府已下令所有的电视台封杀22岁的时装模特马诺,此前她的言论让中国观众认为“过于功利化”。
之前在一个电视婚恋节目《非诚勿扰》中,马诺拒绝了一位失业男士的求婚,她说,“我宁愿坐在宝马里哭,也不坐在自行车后座上笑”。
英汉翻译 : Mother's Letter to the World Dear World:
My son starts school today.It’s going to be strange and new to him for a while.And I wish you would sort of treat him gently. You see,up to now,he’s been king of the roost.He’s been boss of the back yard.I have always been around to repair his wounds,and to soothe his feelings.
But now― things are going to be different.
This morning,he’s going to walk down the front steps,wave his hand and start on his great adventure that will probably include wars and tragedy and sorrow.To live his life in the world he has to live in will require faith and love and courage.
So,World,I wish you would sort of take him by his young hand and teach him the things he will have to know.Teach him―but gently,if you can.Teach him that for every scoundrel,there is a hero;that for every crooked politician there is a dedicated leader;that for every enemy there is a friend.Teach him the wonders of books.
Give him quiet time to ponder the eternal mystery of birds in the sky,bees in the sun,and flowers on the green hill.
Teach him it is far more honorable to fail than to cheat.Teach him to have faith in his own ideas,even if everyone else tells him they are wrong.Teach him to sell his brawn and brains to the highest bidder,but never to put a price on his heart and soul.Teach him to close his ears to a howling mob...and to stand and fight if he thinks he’s right.Teach him gently,World,but don’t coddle him,because only the test of fire makes fine steel.
This is a big order,World,but see what you can do.He’s such a nice little fellow. 亲爱的世界:
我的儿子今天开始上学。在一段时间内,他都会感到既陌生又新鲜。我希望你能对他温柔一点。
你知道,直到现在,他一直是家里的小皇帝;一直是后院的主人。我一直在他身边,为他料理伤口,给他感情上的慰藉。
可是现在———一切都将发生变化。今天早晨,他将走下屋前的台阶,挥挥手,踏上他伟大的冒险征途,途中也许会有战争、悲剧和伤痛。要在他必须生存的世界中生活需要信念、爱心和勇气。
所以,世界,我希望你握住他稚嫩的手,教他必须知道的一些事情。教他———但如果可能的话,温柔点儿。教他知道,世界上有一个恶棍,就有一个英雄;有一个奸诈的政客,就有一个富有奉献精神的领袖;有一个敌人,就有一个朋友。教他感受书本的魅力。给他时间,去安静地思索自然界中永恒的神秘:空中的小鸟,阳光下的蜜蜂,青山上的花朵。教他知道,失败比欺骗要光荣得多。教他要坚信自己的思想,哪怕别人都予以否定。教
他可把自己的体力和脑力以最高价出售,但绝对不要出卖自己的心灵和灵魂。教他对暴徒的嚎叫置若罔闻„„并且在认为自己是对的时候站出来战斗。以温柔的方式教导他,世界,但不要溺爱 他,因为只有烈火才能炼出真钢。
这是个很高的要求,世界,但请你尽力而为。他是一个多么可爱的小伙子。
第三篇:《旧唐书于休烈传》阅读练习及答案及翻译
阅读下面的文言文,完成4~7题。
于休烈,河南人也。至性贞悫,机鉴敏悟。自幼好学,善属文。举进士,授秘书省正字。转比部员外郎,郎中。杨国忠辅政,排不附己者,出为中部郡太守。值禄山构难,肃宗践祚,休烈迁太常少卿,知礼仪事,兼修国史。肃宗自凤翔还京,励精听受,尝谓休烈曰:“君举必书,良史也。朕有过失,卿书之否?”对曰:“禹、汤罪己,其兴也勃焉。有德之君,不忘规过,臣不胜大庆。”时中原荡覆,典章殆尽,无史籍检寻。休烈奏曰:“《国史》《实录》,圣朝大典,修撰多时,今并无本。伏望下御史台推勘史馆所由,令府县招访。有人别收得《国史》《实录》,如送官司,重加购赏。”前修史官工部侍郎韦述陷贼,入东京,至是以其家藏《国史》一百一十三卷送于官。休烈寻转工部侍郎、修国史,献《五代帝王论》,帝甚嘉之。宰相李揆矜 能 忌 贤 以 体 烈 修 国 史 与 己 齐 列 嫉 之 奏 为 国 子 祭 酒权 留 史 馆 修 撰 以 下 之休 烈恬然 自持 殊 不 介 意 代宗即位,甄别名品,宰臣元载称之,乃拜右散骑常侍,依前兼修国史,累封东海郡公,加金紫光禄大夫。在朝凡三十余年,历掌清要,家无儋石之蓄。恭俭温仁,未尝以喜愠形于颜色。而亲贤下士,推毂后进,虽位崇年高,曾无倦色。笃好坟籍,手不释卷,以至于终。大历七年卒,年八十一。是岁春,休烈妻韦氏卒。上特诏赠韦氏国夫人,葬日给卤簿鼓吹。及闻休烈卒,追悼久之,褒赠尚书左仆射,赙绢百匹、布五十端,遣谒者内常侍吴承倩就私第宣慰。儒者之荣,少有其比。
(节选自《旧唐书于休烈传》)
4.对下列句子中加点的词语的解释,不正确的一项是(3分)
A.自幼好学,善属文属文:撰写文章。
B.值禄山构难,肃宗践祚践祚:帝王即位。
C.肃宗自凤翔还京,励精听受励精:专心致志。
D.时中原荡覆,典章殆尽荡覆:动荡倾覆。
【试题答案】C
【试题考点】实词
【试题解析】C项“励精”一词,意为“振作精神”。
5.对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是(3分)
A.宰相李揆矜能忌贤/以休烈修国史与己齐列/嫉之/奏为国子祭酒/权留史馆/修撰以下之/休烈恬然自持/殊不介意/
B.宰相李揆矜能忌贤/以休烈修国史与己齐列/嫉之/奏为国子祭酒/权留史馆修撰以下之/休烈恬然/自持殊不介意/
C.宰相李揆矜能忌贤/以休烈修国史与己齐列/嫉之/奏为国子祭酒/权留史馆/修撰以下之/休烈恬然/自持殊不介意/
D.宰相李揆矜能忌贤/以休烈修国史与己齐列/嫉之/奏为国子祭酒/权留史馆修撰以下之/休烈恬然自持/殊不介意/
【试题答案】D
【试题考点】断句
【试题解析】断句的前提是粗通大意,然后利用句中的人名、地名、官职名、文言虚词、句子结构等断句。如,句中的“国子祭酒”“休烈”等专有名词、“之”“以”等虚词,都是断句的重要参考因素。
6.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是(3分)
A.休烈忠诚机敏,谨遵职业操守。他自幼好学,入仕后受到杨国忠排挤,离京到地方任职;安禄山叛乱后,他直言不讳地回答了肃宗关于史官职责的问题。
B.休烈审察形势,做好本职事务。当时历经战乱,典章史籍散佚,他提出购求当朝大典以备查检使用,最终得到前修史官韦述家藏《国史》一百余卷。
C.休烈淡泊名利,终生好学不倦。他虽遭贬职,却恬然处之,毫不在意,在朝三十余年,历任要职,并无多少积蓄;喜好典籍,终日捧读,直至去世。
D.休烈夫妇去世,尽享身后哀荣。他夫人去世,皇上特诏追赠她国夫人;他本人去世,皇上追念许久,追赠他尚书左仆射,并派专人到他家表示慰问。
【试题答案】A
【试题考点】对文章内容的概括和分析
【试题解析】A项“谨遵职业操守”无中生有。
7.把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)
(1)禹、汤罪己,其兴也勃焉。有德之君,不忘规过,臣不胜大庆。
(2)而亲贤下士,推毂后进,虽位崇年高,曾无倦色。
【试题答案】(1)大禹、商汤归罪自己,他们能够蓬勃兴起。有道德的君王,不忘改正过错,我深表庆贺。(译出大意给3分;“罪己”“规过”两处,每译对一处给1分)
(2)而亲近贤才,屈身交接士人,荐举后辈,虽然位尊年高,一点倦怠的神色都没有。(译出大意给2分;“亲贤”“推毂”“曾”三处,每译对一处给1分)
【试题考点】翻译
【试题解析】在疏通大意的基础上,逐字对译。特别注意关键词的翻译,如(1)中的“罪”(归罪、批评)、“规”(改正)、“庆”(庆贺)。(2)中的“亲”(亲近)“接”(接交)、“崇”(尊崇)等。
【参考译文】
于休烈,河南人。天性忠诚,机警聪慧。自幼好学,善做文章,考中进士,授秘书省正字。调任比部员外郎、郎中。杨国忠任宰相时,排挤不依附自己的人,于休烈被调出京师任中部郡太守。时值安禄山叛乱,肃宗即位,于休烈调任太常少卿,掌管朝会礼仪之事,兼管编修国史。肃宗自凤翔回到京,振作精神,听纳谏议,曾对于休烈说:“君主的一举一动必定记录,是杰出的史官。如果朕有过失,卿是否要记录?”于休烈回答:“大禹、商汤归罪自己,他们能够蓬勃兴起。有道德的君王,不忘改正过错,我深表庆贺。”此时中原动荡颠覆,典章、制度丧失殆尽,没有历史典籍文献可供检寻。《国史》、《实录》是圣朝重大典籍,编撰已久,如今并无刻本。祈请下诏御史台查勘史馆藏书之来源,令府县征收寻访。有人从别处收得《国史》、《实录》,如送交官府,重金收购并赏赐。前任编修史官工部侍郎韦述陷入贼中,滞留东京,到这时便将其家国所藏《国史》一百一十三卷呈送官府。于休烈随即调任工部侍郎、修国史,进献《五代帝王论》,,皇上甚为称赞。宰相李揆恃才自夸而嫉妒贤能,因于休烈修撰国史与自己平列,便嫉恨他,奏请他任国子祭酒,暂且留在史馆从事修撰以贬低他。于休烈安然自处,毫不介意。代宗即位,审察鉴定官员之优者,宰臣元载称赞于休烈,于是拜授于休烈右散骑常侍,仍旧兼管修撰国史,加封金紫光禄大夫。在朝为官共三十余年,历任清要之职,家中没有些微积蓄。为人恭俭温良仁慈,从未以喜怒形于颜色。而亲近贤才,屈身交接士人,荐举后辈,虽然位尊年高,一点倦怠的神色都没有。一心沉浸于研习古代典籍,手不释卷,直至生命终结。大历七年(772)去世,年八十一。这年的春天,于休烈之妻韦氏去世。皇上特别降诏追赠韦氏为国夫人,下葬那天提供仪仗鼓吹。及至听说于休烈去世,追思痛悼许久,褒奖追赠尚书左仆射,赐给助丧用绢百匹,布五十段,派遣谒者内常侍吴承倩去宅第宣旨慰问。儒者所受之恩宠,少有能与之相比的。
第四篇:翻译练习+答案
翻译练习
1.我们必须不断学习,这样才能与时俱进。(so that)
2.意大利足球队非常强调团队精神,这是他们赢得世界杯的关键。(1ay emphasis on)
3.她不声不响离家出走,使她的父母心烦意乱。(without)
4.小男孩对展览会上的那辆汽车很着迷。(fascinate)
5.使刘翔迷们感到兴奋的是,刘翔在瑞士洛桑创造了12秒88的男子110米栏的世界纪录。(To„)
1.We should/ must continue to learn more so that we can keep pace/up with the development of times.2.The Italian Football Team laid great emphasis on team spirit, which was the key to winning the World Cup.3.Her leaving home without saying a word upset her parents.4.The little boy was fascinated by the car on the exhibition.5.To his fan’s excitement, Liu Xiang set a new world record of 12.88 seconds in the men’s 110-metre hurdles in Lausanne, Switzerland.我最后一次看见杰克的时候,他一个人在街上走。(The last time)
7.几乎每一个人都承认犯罪不可能被彻底消灭。(the fact,wipe out)
8.如果公众失去了对这家公司的信任,那么他们的销售会下降得很快。(1ost trust)
9.给我印象最深的是磁悬浮列车的速度是多么的快啊。(impress,magnetic suspension train)
10.我爸爸不愿用新手机来替换他那只磨损不堪的老手机。(substitute)
6.The last time I saw Jack, he was walking down the street alone.7.Almost everyone accepts the fact that crime can never be wiped put entirely.8.If the public lose trust in the company, sales will fall sharply.9.What impressed me most is how fast the speed of a magnetic suspension train is.10.My father isn’t willing to substitute the new cell phone for his worn-out one.11.尽管天气很寒冷,学生们还是在6点正准时出操。(Despite)
12.每个人,不管是年轻人还是老年人都应铭记“骄者必败”。(keep)
13.虽然他们是好朋友,但他不愿意帮助修理电脑。(reluctant)
14.那位脸色苍白的妇女站在大楼顶上,这使在场的人都很担心。(at the top of)
15.他必定是这次竞赛中最可能获奖的学生。(likely)
11.Despite the cold weather, the students did morning exercises at 6 o’clock sharp.12.Everyone, young or old, must keep in mind that pride goes before a fall.13.Though they are close friends, he is reluctant to help fix the computer.14.At the top of the building stood a woman whose face was pale, which frightened everyone on the scene.15.He is sure to be the most likely student to win the prize in the competition.16在我陷于困境时,对于你的帮助我表示万分感激。(grateful)
17.这所学校在艺术教育方面建立了很好的声誉。(reputation)
18.她放弃了这次机会仅仅是因为缺少足够的钱。(1ack)
19.这个到2009年末完成的项目将使我们在半个小时内就能到达杭州。(不定式)
20.那男孩是如此的调皮,他奶奶对他束手无策。(so„that)
16.I’m deeply grateful to you for your help, when I was in trouble.17.The school has built up a good reputation in art education.18.She gave up the chance merely because of her lacking enough money.19.The project to be accomplished by the end of 2009 will enable us to reach Hangzhou in 30 minutes.20.The boy was so naughty that his grandmother didn’t know how to deal with him.21.你说的也就是我所想的。(what)
22.不管他父亲是否同意,他将选择教师作为他的职业。(whether)
23.根据他提供的线索,警察很快抓到了逃犯。(according)
24.当你们到达那里时,你们会知道他发生了什么事。(the moment)
25.不要把今天的事留到明天做。(名词性从句)
39.may just as well stay at home
40.stain the new carpet
41.didn??t do anything
42.play indispensable roles
43.Even so
44.are being developed
45.remembering all my life
46.lose contact with
47.second only to
48.such fine weather
49.have never resorted to
50.not to speak of/not to mention/let alone going abroad
51.delaying making
52.should adapt himself to
53.to hearing your story again
54.is now being turned
55.Could you take a blank sheet of paper?
第五篇:余若水先生传的阅读练习答案及翻译
余若水先生,讳增远,有明崇祯癸未进士。兄余武贞先生,讳煌,天启乙丑廷试第一人,为翰林修撰。若水筮仕,得淮安宝应知县。时东平伯刘泽清驻匝淮安,强知县行属礼。若水不屈,莅任甫一月,即挂冠归。丙戌xū,清兵渡江,武贞先生渡东桥自沉死。若水悼邦国之云亡,痛哲兄之先萎,望水长号,誓不再渡,自是遂绝迹城市。
若水虽成进士,而家甚贫,敝庐三楹,与风雨鸟鼠共之。其旁僦jiù①田二亩,率其家人躬耕自食,常至断炊chuī,妻孥晏如,亦无怨色。长吏多其义,因共就问之,亦罕见者,或拜门外以去。绍守道沈静澜,其故同年友也,自恃交谊,殷勤造请,称疾以辞。因直前托视疾,入门窥见若水卧绳床上,床上漏下穿,又有桯tīng②无脚,四角悉支败瓦。闻客入,欲起逾垣。静澜先已豫虑之,则要其同年四五人与俱往。见若水走匿床,诸君即共前遮之,曰:“若水!人生会有交亲,子何避之深也?”若水曰:“我非避世鸣高者,顾自料福薄,不堪谐世,聊引分自安,长为农夫以没世足矣。今诸公赫然见过,将共张③之,是使我避名以求名,非所愿也。”客皆班荆④,主人墙隅烋烋xiāo xiāo然⑤,客从而睨之,有一破甑zèng在瓦垆上,炊未熟;架上又蒙戎练裙,馀即无有。客有壶箪,取之以进,为勉行二觞,强之亦不再举。客语及世事,俯若无闻。即间有问答,晴雨而已。日欲晡bū,辞客而退。明日具钱米往遗之,再三辞。以此,诸长吏皆重违其意,亦未敢数造焉。不入城市者三十六年。岁庚戌,无疾而终。身无长物,友人醵jù钱以殓。有遗命葬于原隐之丁斗垄。
外史曰:人臣称委质故主,回面而改向,非忠也。激愤而殉,以明节也。义卫志,智卫身,托农圃之弃迹,下可见故主,无辱先人,若余若水者足矣。然其节概为人所难及者,兄死止水,弟不渡河,而安心农圃,扼腕终身,呜呼,若水可以为难矣!(选自《琅嬛文集》卷之四,有删改)
[注]①僦:租。②桯:床前的小桌。③共张:又作“供张”,设帐张乐,盛礼款待。④班荆:布草而坐。⑤烋烋然:灰尘蒙积的样子。
5.对下列句子中加点词的解释,不正确的一项是()
A.强知县行属礼 强:强令 B.自恃交谊,殷勤造请 造:拜访
C.诸君即共前遮之 遮:阻拦 D.诸长吏皆重违其意 重:敬重
6.下列各组句子中加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是()
A.痛哲兄之先萎 终葬汝于先人之兆 B.因直前托视疾 因以所画《筼筜谷偃竹》遗予曰
C.长为农夫以没世足矣 汝殁以六月二日D.激愤而殉,以明节也 将成家而致汝
7.下列对原文有关内容的理解和分析,不正确的一项是()
A.余若水刚踏入仕途,就担任宝应知县,但他品性孤傲,不屈从于权贵,刚上任一个月,就辞官回家,从此发誓不再渡江,隐居乡间。
B.余若水亲自带着家人耕种,艰难度日,妻子儿女安然自在,没有怨恨之情。死后,家中一贫如洗,朋友们凑钱为他办了丧事。
C.余若水清高安贫,朋友们一起来看望他,他想逃走;见了面,只谈论天气,不谈当时社会上的事。朋友救助钱和米,他也再三推辞。
D.张岱运用细节描写,把余若水刻画得神情毕现,并对其节操给予了高度评价。这反映了他身为清初汉族文人的复杂心态。
8.(1)翻译:
(2)翻译:
(3)翻译:
【参考答案】
5.D(重:慎重,不轻易)
6.B “于是,就”(A “之”取独/;结构助词,的;C 相当于“而”,表承接/介词,在;D表修饰/表承接)
7.A(“发誓不再渡江,隐居乡间”是在清兵渡江、兄长余煌投水死后)
8.(1)官吏们敬重他的节义,就一起去慰问他,也极少有人能见到他,(或:他也很少出见)有的人就在门外行礼后离开。(4分。“多”“因”“罕见”“去”各1分)
(2)人活在世上应该有朋友和亲戚,你为什么要如此(决绝地)逃避呢?(“会”“交亲”后句句式各1分)
(3)死后既可以(坦然地面)见旧主,又不辱没先人,像余若水的做法已经足够了。(“下”“辱”“足”各1分)
【参考译文】余若水先生,名增远,是明朝崇祯癸未年的进士。他的兄长余武贞先生,名煌,是天启乙丑年廷试的第一名,担任翰林院修撰。余若水初出做官,便得到淮安宝应知县一职。当时,东平伯刘泽清率兵驻守淮安,强令知县向他行属下之礼。若水不服从,到任刚一个月,就辞职回家了。丙戌年,清兵渡过长江,余武贞先生走到东桥跳江自杀。余若水悲伤国家灭亡,痛惜兄长过早地死去,望着江水放声哭泣,立下重誓不再北渡,从此就不在城市中现身。
余若水虽然是进士出身,但家中非常贫困,住在三间破旧的房子里,房子不能遮风蔽雨,鸟鼠不时出入。他在房子旁边租了二亩田地,亲自带领家人耕种来养家,经常到断粮的地步,妻子儿女安然自乐,没有怨恨的神色。官吏们敬重他的节义,就一起去慰问他,也极少有人能见到他,(或:他也很少出见)有的人就在门外行礼后离开。绍兴守道沈静澜,是他同年中进士的朋友,依仗交情深厚,殷勤拜访,余若水称生病推辞。沈静澜就假托探病径直入内,进了门就看到余若水躺在一张胡床上,胡床破烂不堪,床边有一张无腿的小桌,桌子四角用破瓦支撑着。听到朋友进来,想起身跳墙逃走。沈静澜已经预先考虑到这点,就邀请同年中进士的四五个人和他一起去的。看见余若水从床上起身要逃走,他们就一齐上前拦住他,对他说:“若水!人生在世应该有朋友和亲戚,你为什么如此(决绝地)逃避呢?”若水说:“我并非隐居避世而自命清高的人,只是自己觉得福分浅薄,不能与世人融洽相处,姑且一个人按照自身的方式安然生活,长久地做一个农夫到死,就很满足了。现在你们如此显耀地来拜访我,还要盛礼款待我,这会让别人认为我避名是为了求取名望,不是我的愿望。”朋友们都席地而坐,他尘灰满面地坐在墙角,朋友们环视屋内,屋内有一个甑放在土台上,饭还没有蒸熟;衣架上散乱地放着破旧的衣裙,其它的便什么也没有了。朋友们带着酒和器具,拿出来倒上酒,他勉强喝了两杯,硬劝他喝,他也不再举杯。朋友们谈及当世之事,他低着头好像什么也没有听到一样。即使偶尔有问答,也只是谈论天气罢了。傍晚,辞别朋友退下。第二天,朋友们准备了钱和米送给他,他再三谢绝。因为这个原因,官吏们都不轻易违背他的心意,也不敢经常去拜访他。他不进城市有三十六年。庚戌这年,没有生病而死去。家中一贫如洗,朋友们凑钱为他下葬,按照他的遗愿埋葬在他生前隐居的丁斗垄。
张岱说:为人之臣称托身于旧主,却改变自己的志向,丧失操守,这不是忠。激愤而死,来表明自己的气节。用道义来捍卫自己的志节,用智慧来保全自己,托身于人迹罕至的乡间,死后可以坦然地见旧主,不辱没先人,像余若水的做法已经足够了。然而他的节操被人难以比得上的地方,在于兄长余煌死在了止水,弟弟余若水不再渡河。余若水一心隐居于乡间,空怀抱负终了一生,唉,他真是做了一件难事啊!