第一篇:《张允济断案》原文翻译及阅读答案
导读:张允济,青州北海县人隋大业年间为武阳县县令,致力于以德行教育训导民众,百姓怀念他,下面就跟随小编一起来了解一下吧!
张允济断案
张允济,青州北海人也隋大业中为武阳令,务以德教训下,百姓怀之
元武县与其邻接,有人以牸牛①依其妻家者八九年牛孳产至十余头,及将异居,妻家不与,县司累政不能决其人诣武阳质于允济,允济曰:“尔自有令,何至此也?”其人垂泣不止,具言所以允济遂令左右缚牛主,以衫蒙其头,将之诣妻家村中,云捕盗牛贼,召村中牛悉集,各问所从来处妻家不知其故,恐被连及,指其所诉牛曰:“此是女婿家牛也非我所知”允济遂发蒙,谓妻家人曰:“此即女婿,可以牛归之”妻家叩头服罪元武县司闻之,皆大惭。
尝道逢一老母种葱者,结庵②守之允济谓母曰:“但归,不烦守也若遇盗,当来告令”老母如其言,居一宿而葱大失,母以告允济,悉召葱地十里之男女毕集,允济呼前验问,果得盗葱者
曾有行人候晓先发,遗衫于路,行十数里方觉,或谓曰:”我武阳境内,路不拾遗,但能回取,物必当在”如言果得远近称之,政绩优异
(选自《旧唐书·列传第一百三十五》有改动)
【注释】①牸(zì)牛:母牛。②庵:小草屋。
【试题】
1.解释下面句中加点词语的意思
(1)牛孳产至十余头()
(2)允济遂令左右缚牛主()
(3)将之诣妻家村中()
2.下列句子中,加点词语意义相同的一组是()
A.其人诣武阳质于允济 公与之乘,战于长勺
B.以衫蒙其头 扶苏以数谏故,上使外将兵
C.老母如其言 忌不自信,而复问其妾曰
D.悉召葱地十里之男女毕集 孤之有孔明,犹鱼之有水也
3.用现代汉语翻译下面的句子
(1)尔自有令,何至此也?
(2)尝道逢一老母种葱者,结庵守之
4.现代汉语中“路不拾遗”经常与 连用,这两个成语形容。
【参考答案】
1.(1)孽:繁殖(生育)。
(2)左右:下属(身边的人)。
(3)诣:到……去(前往)。
2.C
3.(1)你自己有县令,怎么到这里来告状呢?
(2)(张允济)曾经在路上遇到一位种葱的老太太,(她)盖了小草屋看守葱(“道”“守”“和”一老母种葱者”的定语后置结构,句意通顺即可)。
4.夜不闭户;形容社会安定,风气良好。
【译文】
张允济,青州北海县人隋大业年间为武阳县县令,致力于以德行教育训导民众,百姓怀念他元武县与武阳县接壤,县里有个人带了头母牛随他妻子的娘家一起生活了八九年,母牛生下了十多头小牛到了要分居时,妻子娘家人不肯还给那头牛,元武县衙门几任县令都不能解决这问题,那人就到武阳县请求允济评判,允济说:“你自有元武县令,怎么到这里来告状?”那人泪流不止,把事情的始末都讲了出来。允济于是命令手下人绑了那人,用衣衫蒙住他的头,将他带到他妻子娘家所在的村子去,说是抓住了盗牛贼。张允济召集村人,将村里的牛全部集中在一起,一头一头询问牛是从哪里来的,妻子娘家人不知道其中的缘故,又担心受连累,就指着那头强占来的母牛说:“这是我女婿家的牛,从哪里来的我就不知道了。”允济便揭开牛主人蒙头的衣衫,对他妻子娘家人说:“这就是你女婿,你可以把牛还给他。”妻子娘家人叩头服罪。元武县主管官听说后,都十分惭愧。
张允济还曾在路途中遇到一个种葱的老妇人,搭了一座圆形草房在那里守葱,允济对老妇人说:“你只管回去,不要不厌其烦地守着,如果遇到盗贼,应当来报告县令。”老妇人听从了他的劝告,回家住了一夜,那葱就丢失了很多。老妇人把情况告诉了他,他便把葱地十里之内的全部男女都集中起来,一个个到跟前来检验查问,果然找到了盗葱的人。
曾有个赶路的行人,天亮前就出发,把衣衫掉到了路上,走了十几里才发觉,有人对他说:“我们这武阳县境内,路不拾遗,只要能返回去取,东西一定在。”正如这人所说,果然找到了衣衫。远近之人都称赞允济,他的政绩尤其卓异。
第二篇:翻译原文及答案
新视野大学英语读写教程4课后翻译
2013-05-28 00:35:01
新视野大学英语(第二版)读写教程4课后翻译原题与答案
Unit 1
1.这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。
The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2.研究结果表明,无论我们白天做了什么事情,晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。
Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力,以此来为自己的失败辩护。
Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.我们忠于我们的承诺:凡是答应做的,我们都会做到。
We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do, we would do it.5.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此,他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。
Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world.The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.当局控告他们威胁国家安全。
They were accused by the authorities of threatening the state security.1.If you move into any place other than your own private home, make sure you know what the rules are about pets if you have one.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时,如果你带有宠物,一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
2.Some women could have made a good salary in job instead of staying at home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.一些女性完全可以不待在家里,而是去工作,挣一份不错的工资。但是为了家庭,她们放弃了工作。
3.How can you justify such rudeness? You will pay heavily for that because they have sued you for damaging their good name.你怎么为这样粗鲁的行为辩护? 你将会为此付出沉重的代价,因为他们已经以诋毁名誉的罪名起诉你了。
4.Criticism can be of great use;we may not like it at the time, but it can spur us on to greater things.批评有其重要作用;我们可能当时不喜欢它,但是它能激励我们去做更伟大的事情。
5.His uncompromising behavior, to which the public objected, left him bankrupt emotionally and financially.他毫不让步的行为遭到公众的反对,这使得他陷入了精神上崩溃、经济上破产的境地。
6.Even if you fail, don't let failure harm you, don't let failure take over.Remember failure is a necessary step in learning;it is not the end of your learning, but the beginning.即使你失败了,也不要被失败伤害,更不要被失败左右。记住:失败是学习过程中必要的一步;它不是学习的结束,而是学习的开始。
Unit 2
1.要是这部喜剧中的人物更幽默些的话,就会吸引更多的观众。
If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience.2.她从未对自己的能力失去信心,因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员。
She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.3.我从未受过正式培训,我只是边干边学。
I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along.4.随着产品进入国际市场,他们的品牌知名度越来越高了。
As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity.5.她可以编造一个故事,说自己被窃贼打昏,所有的钱都没了,但她怀疑自己是否能让这故事听起来可信。
She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.6.谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问,可是这引起了对他更多的批评。
No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.1.If there had been no Charlie Chaplin, the history of world cinema would have been different.如果没有查理•卓别林,世界电影史就会不一样了。
2.It was a relief that his hard work eventually gave him the result that he had long desired: He successfully discovered the cause of the disease.令人感到宽慰的是,他的努力最终给予了他长期渴望的结果──他成功地发现了这种疾病的原因。
3.Charlie Chaplin was one of the greatest and most widely loved movie stars.From The
Tramp to Modern Times, he made many of the funniest and most popular films of his time.He was best known for his character, the youthful and lovable Little Tramp.查理•卓别林是最伟大、最广受热爱的电影明星之一。从《流浪汉》到《摩登时代》,他拍摄了许多他那个时代最有趣、最受欢迎的电影。他最出名的是他扮演的一个人物──年轻可爱的小流浪汉。
4.Chaplin was an immensely talented man: Within only two years of his first appearance in motion pictures in 1914, he became one of the best-known personalities in the nation.卓别林是一个才能非凡的人:自他1914年第一次在电影中出现,两年时间内他就成了这个国家最有名的人物之一。
5.Charlie Chaplin had an impact on everyone's life in the early 20th century.He made more people laugh than any other man who ever lived and changed the way people looked at the world.查理•卓别林对20世纪初期每个人的生活都产生了影响。与有史以来的任何人相比,他让更多的人欢笑,改变了人们看待这个世界的方式。
6.On Christmas Day in 1977 Charlie Chaplin passed away.He left behind family and friends saddened by his death, and millions of fans worldwide.1977年,查理•卓别林在圣诞节那天去世了,身后留下了悲伤的家人和朋友,以及全世界数以百万计的影迷。
Unit
31.据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂,市长决定亲自出马调查这件事。
Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person.2.这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了。These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work.Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs.3.你只需填写一张表格就可取得会员资格,它可以使你在买东西时享受打折的优惠。
You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods.4.不知为什么他们的汽车在半路坏掉了,结果他们比原计划晚到了三个小时。
Their car broke down halfway for no reason.As a result they arrived three hours later than they had planned.5.那位官员卷入了一场丑闻,数周后被迫辞职。
The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.6.这个靠救济过日子的人开始慢慢地建立起自己的市场,生意日渐兴隆。
The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business is thriving.1.The man is reported to have said in private that “we are being made fools of by many of our clients, so we are entitled to have them bow to us as compensation.”
据报道这个男子曾在私下说:“许多救济对象在欺骗我们,因此,作为补偿,我们有权让他们对我们点头哈腰。”
2.After considering your background and experience, we regret to inform you that we don't have an appropriate job opportunity for you at current stage.我们考虑了你的背景与经历,很遗憾地告诉你,我们目前没有适合你的工作机会。
3.I failed to take my cue from Oscar.Instead, I talked back to the woman, who turned out to be our new manager.我没能按奥斯卡的暗示去做,相反,我反驳了那个妇女,结果她竟然是我们的新经理。
4.There needs to be someone who can act as a champion for the rights of the poor because the system so easily lends itself to abuse.需要有人来充当穷人权利的捍卫者,因为这一体制太容易被滥用。
5.I called the police for help after my car broke down on the freeway.Twenty minutes later, they came to my rescue.我的车子在高速公路上抛锚后,我打电话向警察求助,20分钟后他们赶来帮我。
6.He was passionate for art, but he went through tremendous pain—pain of poverty and misunderstanding.他热爱艺术,却经受了巨大的痛苦──贫穷与误解。
Unit 4
1.我父母不是对我的教育投资,而是把钱花在了买新住房上。
Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new house.2.如今,人们用于休闲娱乐的开支是过去的两倍。
Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the past.3.一家公司要成功,它必须跟上市场的发展。
In order to be successful, a business must keep pace with developments in the marketplace.4.与申请这个职位的其他女孩相比,她流利的英语是个优势。
Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the job.5.对于学生而言,没有任何地方比图书馆更好了,在那里所有的图书都任由他们使用。For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the books are at their disposal.6.我们要充分利用好这个平台,加强交流,拓展合作领域,共谋发展大计。
We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, expand cooperation in more areas and seek further development through joint efforts.1.The developing countries see information technologies as a means to accelerate their economy, but some lack experience in weighing costs and choosing between technologies.发展中国家认为信息技术是促进经济发展的途径,但一些国家在估算成本与选择技术方面缺乏经验。
2.The world is said to have about 3,000 times as much groundwater as water it has in rivers and lakes, and groundwater is far cleaner.据说地球拥有的地下水量大约是其拥有的河流和湖泊水量的三千倍,而且地下水要干净得多。
3.Anyone can take good photos—it's just a matter of being in the right place at the right time.任何人都能照出好照片──问题只是你是否在合适的时间和地点。
4.By installing computers in their schools and libraries, the community leaders demonstrated that they were determined not to lag behind in technology.通过在他们的学校和图书馆安装计算机,这些社区的领导们表明他们决心不在技术上落后。
5.When he started the company, he thought he'd be able to cruise alongside the top businesses in the market, but he is disappointed because he hasn't yet succeeded.当他开始创办这家公司时,他想他将能在市场上与那些顶级公司并驾齐驱,可是他现在失望了,因为他没有成功。
6.A Florida couple is building what they say will be the home of the future, one strong enough to withstand hurricanes, yet gentle enough to blend in with the environment.佛罗里达的一对夫妇在建造一座他们称之为未来之家的房子,它既能抵御飓风,又与周围环境十分协调。
Unit 5
1.这位小个子男子并不如他看上去那么单纯。
This little man is not so innocent as he appears.2.对这个问题我已束手无策了,所以你不妨去求助于王教授吧。
There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for help.3.双方高度评价了在不同领域合作取得的成果,并希望合作进一步加深。
Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that the cooperation can be furthered.4.一方面,亲民形象能使新政策更易于被民众接受,另一方面,它也能“广直言之路,启进善之门”。
On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily
accepted.On the other hand, it will “encourage people to speak their minds and come up with
constructive suggestions”.5.他孤独的感觉时起时落,他有时会对自己、对宠物、对电视机唠叨不休。
His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his pets and the television.6.毕竟,金钱不是万能的,最富有的人不一定是最幸福的。
After all, money is not everything.The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.1.The new mechanism is not so effective as they had expected, for months passed and there has been no big improvement in management efficiency.新的机制并不像他们预期的那样有效,因为数月过去了,但管理效率并没有明显改进。
2.I don't want to scare you unnecessarily, but you might as well face facts and look at a few numbers.我不想不必要地吓唬你,可你最好还是面对事实,看看一些数字吧。
3.Loneliness is marked by a sense of isolation.Solitude, on the other hand, is a state of being alone without being lonely and can lead to self-awareness.孤独的特点是一种与世隔绝感,而独居则是独自一人却不感到寂寞的状态,它能引发自我意识。
4.Loneliness is a negative state.One feels that something is missing.It is possible to be with people and still feel lonely—perhaps the bitterest form of loneliness.孤独是一种消极的状态,你会感到失去了某种东西。你可能与别人在一起仍然感到孤独——这也许是孤独最痛苦的形式。
5.Solitude is a positive state of engagement with oneself.Solitude is desirable, a state of being alone where you provide yourself wonderful and sufficient company.独居是一种与自我相约的积极的状态。独居是值得向往的,是独自一人、享受自我愉快而又充实的陪伴的一种状态。
6.Thoreau says that loneliness can occur even amid companions if one's heart is not open to them.梭罗说,一个人即使身处同伴之中,如果不对他们敞开心扉,仍会感到孤独。
第三篇:张无垢勤学原文及翻译
导语:张无垢勤学是一个古人的励志求学的故事。下面小编为大家整理了张无垢勤学《鹤林玉露》的原文以及翻译。欢迎大家阅读。
张无垢勤学《鹤林玉露》
原文:
张无垢谪横浦,寓城西宝界寺。其寝室有短窗,每日昧爽执书立窗下,就明而读。如是者十四年。洎北归,窗下石上,双趺之迹隐然,至今犹存。
译文:
张九成被贬官到横浦,住在城西的界寺。他住的房间一扇短窗,每天天将亮时,他总是拿着书本站在窗下,就着微弱的晨光读书。这样一直坚持了十四年这久。等到他回到北方了,在窗下的石头上,双脚踏出的痕迹还隐约可见。
【阅读训练】
1. 解释下列句中加点的词。
①张无垢谪横浦 ②每日昧爽辄执书立窗下
③就明而读 ④如是者十四年
2. 翻译划线的句子。
译文:
3.选出下列句中加点词的用法和意思相同的一项()
是马也,虽有千里之能 其如土石何
A B
如是者十四年 其寝室有短窗
4.这个故事叙述张九成勤奋学习的事迹。“天才出自勤奋”这是古今学者经过实践总结出来的真理,请举出几个古今中外的有关这个方面的例子
答案:1.①降职远调贬官②总是③光,光亮④这 2.双脚踏出的痕迹还隐约可见。3.A 4.略
第四篇:张自新传原文及翻译
张自新,初名鸿,字子宾,苏州昆山人。自新少读书,敏慧绝出。下面是关于张自新传原文及翻译的内容,欢迎阅读!
原文
张自新,初名鸿,字子宾,苏州昆山人(1)。自新少读书,敏慧绝出(2)。古经中疑义,群弟子屹(3)屹未有所得,自新随口而应,若素了然。性方简(4),无文饰。见之者莫不讪笑,目为乡里人。同舍生夜读,倦睡去,自新以灯檠(5)投之,油污满几,正色切责,若老师然。髫龀(6)丧父,家计不能支,母曰:“吾见人家读书,如捕风影,期望青紫(7),万不得一。且命已至此,何以书为?”自新涕泣长跪,曰:“亡父以此命鸿,且死(8),未闻有他语,鸿何敢忘?且鸿宁以衣食忧吾母耶?”与其兄耕田度日,带笠荷锄,面色黧黑。夜归,则正襟危坐,啸歌古人(9),飘飘然若在世外,不知贫贱之为戚也。
兄为里长(10),里多逃亡,输纳无所出。每岁终,官府催科(11),搒掠无完肤(12)。自新辄诣县自代,而匿其兄他所。县吏怪其意气,方授杖,辄止之,曰:“而何人者(13)?”自新曰:“里长,实书生也。”试之文,立就,慰而免之。弱冠(14),授徒他所。岁归省三四,敝衣草履,徒步往返,为其母具酒食,兄弟酣笑,以为大乐。
自新视豪势(15),眇然不为意(16)。吴中子弟多轻儇(17),冶鲜好衣服,相聚集,以亵语戏笑,自新一切不省(18)。与之语,不答。议论古今,意气慷慨。酒酣,大声曰:“宰天下竟何如?”目直上视,气勃勃若怒,群儿至欲殴之。补学官弟子员(19),学官索贽金甚急(20),自新实无所出,数召笞辱,意忽忽不乐(21),欲弃去,俄得疾卒。
自新为文,博雅而有奇气,人无知之者。予尝以示吴纯甫(22),纯甫好奖士类,然其中所许可者,不过一二人,顾独称自新。自新之卒也,纯甫买棺葬焉。
归子曰(23):余与自新游最久,见其面斥人过,使人无所容。俦人广坐间(24),出一语,未尝视人颜色。笑骂纷集,殊不为意。其自信如此。以自新之才,使之有所用,必有以自见者。沦没至此,天可问邪?世之乘时得势,意气扬扬,自谓己能者,亦可以省矣。语曰:“丛兰欲茂,秋风败(25)之。”余悲自新之死,为之叙列其事。自新家在新洋江口,风雨之夜,江涛有声,震动数里。野老相语,以为自新不亡云。
注释译文
注释
(1)苏州昆山:今江苏昆山市,明代时属苏州府。
(2)绝出:非常突出。
(3)屹屹:耸立的样子,这里指呆呆地站立着。
(4)方简:方正诚实。
(5)灯檠(qíng):灯架。
(6)髫龀(tiáo chèn):指童年时代。髫,古代小孩下垂的头发。龀,小孩子换牙齿。
(7)青紫:古代公卿绶带之色,这里借指高官显爵。汉代规定:丞相、太尉金印紫绶,御史大夫银印青缓。后因称贵官之服为“青紫”。
(8)且死:将死。
(9)啸歌古人:吟咏古人的诗文。
(10)里长:谓一里之长。《大明律附例》四:“凡各处人民,每一百户内议设里长一名,甲首一十名,轮年应役,催办钱粮,勾摄公事。”
(11)催科:催租税。科,法令条律。因租税有法令科条,故名。
(12)搒掠:拷打。
(13)而:同“尔”,你。
(14)弱冠:古代称二十岁为“弱冠”。《礼记·曲礼上》:“二十曰弱冠。”
(15)豪势:指权豪势要的人。
(16)眇然:蔑视。
(17)轻儇(xuān):轻佻,不庄重
(18)省:理会。
(19)学官弟子员:即生员,也就是秀才。
(20)贽金:指入学的见面礼金。
(21)忽忽:恍忽,失意的样子。
(22)吴纯甫:吴中英,字纯甫,昆山人,博学多才,但屡试不第,终生未仕。
(23)归子:作者自称。
(24)俦人:同辈之人。
(25)败:使……败
译文
张自新,原名鸿,字子宾,苏州昆山人。自新年少读书,聪明绝伦,文思敏捷,超出了其他人。古《经》中有疑惑难解之处,学友们茫然呆立而无所获,自新随口而答,仿佛很平常很熟识的一样。他性格方正诚实,没有丝毫的矫饰。看见他的人没有不讥讽他的,把他看作是乡下人。同舍的书生晚间读书,疲倦而睡去,自新用灯架扔(以提醒他),油污满桌子,他严肃恳切地提出批评,仿佛老师一样。幼年丧父,家计不能支撑,母亲说:“我看见人家读书,宛如捕风捉影,期望做大官,万人中不过一个。况且我们家命运已经到了这种地步,还为什么读书呢?”自新哭泣、长跪,说:“亡父用这来嘱咐我,将离人世时,没有听说别的话,我怎么敢忘却呢?况且我难道因为衣食的缘故而使母亲忧劳吗?”他和他的兄长耕田度日,戴着斗笠扛着锄头,脸色黧黑。晚间归来,就正襟危坐,吟咏古人的诗文,飘飘然仿佛在尘世之外,不知道贫贱是一种悲戚了。
他的兄长是里长,乡里多有逃亡之人,租税没地方来。每到年终,官府催交租税,把他拷打得体无完肤。自新就到县衙代哥哥受刑,而把哥哥藏匿到别的地方去。县吏为其意气而感到奇怪,刚要施与杖刑,他就阻止了,问:“你是什么人?”自新说:“我是里长,本是一名书生。”县官让他试写一篇文章,他马上就写成了,县官安慰他,并免去了对他的刑罚。年仅二十岁,就在别的地方教授学生。每年回乡探亲三四次,穿着破衣草鞋,徒步往返,为他的母亲准备酒菜饭食,兄弟俩酣笑,把它视为最高兴的事。
自新看那些权豪势要之人,淡然不放在心上。吴中子弟大多轻薄浮滑,穿着光鲜华丽的衣服,聚集到一处,用猥亵的语言玩笑,自新一切都不理会。人们和他谈话,他也不回答。谈论古今之事,意气慷慨。酒喝到酣畅时,他大声说:“主宰天下终究怎么样呢?”眼睛往上看,神气勃勃仿佛发怒一样,那些年轻人想要殴打他。他被补授为秀才,学官向他索要礼金很是急迫。自新确实拿不出礼金,屡次遭受鞭笞的侮辱,心里怏怏不乐,想弃官而去,不久得病而死。
自新写文章,渊博高雅而有奇伟气概,人们不知道。我曾把这些文章拿给吴纯甫看,纯甫喜欢奖掖士人,然而其中所赞许的人,不过一两个,而仅称许自新。自新死了,纯甫买来棺材为之安葬。
归子说:我和自新交游最久,看见他当面斥责别人过错,使人无容身之处。大庭广众之下,他讲一句话,不曾看人家的脸色。即便笑骂纷纷扬扬,他也很不放在心上。他是这样的自信。凭借自新的才华,如果让他有所举用,一定有自己的主见。他沉沦埋没到这种地步,天意可探问吗?世间的乘时得势者,意气扬扬,自认为自己有才能的人,也可以醒悟了。古语说:“丛兰欲茂,秋风败之。”我悲悼自新的死,为此叙述他的事迹。自新家在新洋江口,风雨之夜,江涛声声,声响几里远。野老村民相互议论,认为自新没有死。
第五篇:张齐贤明察原文及翻译
张齐贤,宋代著名政治家。进士出身,先后担任通判、枢密院副史、兵部尚书、吏部尚书、分司西京洛阳太常卿等官职,还曾率领边军与契丹作战,颇有战绩。下面是小编整理的张齐贤明察原文及翻译,欢迎查看。
《张齐贤明察》原文:
宋张齐贤,尝为江南转运使①。一日家宴,一奴窃银器数件,齐贤于帘下熟视而不问。尔后张齐贤三为宰相,门下奴仆皆得迁,唯此奴不沾禄。
奴乘间②再拜而告曰:“吾待相公③ 久矣,门下奴皆已得官,相公独遗吾也?”因泣下不止。
齐贤悯然曰:“予欲不言,尔则怨我。尔忆当年江南日,盗吾银器数件乎?我怀之三十年,不以告人,尔亦应知也。吾为宰相,进退④百官,志在激浊扬清⑤,安敢荐盗贼为官乎?念汝事我久,今予汝钱三十万,去吾门下,自择所安。”奴震骇,泣拜而去。(选自郑瑄《昨非庵日纂》)
【注释】①转运使:官职名称,主管水陆运输。②乘间:乘着空闲。③相公:古代对宰相的称呼。④进退:任免。⑤激浊扬清:揭露丑恶,发扬正气。
《张齐贤明察》参考译文:
北宋的张齐贤,曾经任江南转运使。一天家中设宴,一名奴仆偷了好几件银器,齐贤在帘后仔细地看但(他)不问那人(为什么这么做)。此后齐贤三任宰相,门下的奴仆都得到提升,只有这个奴仆没有做官。这奴仆乘齐贤空闲(对他)拜了又拜求告说:“我侍候宰相时间已好久了,门下的奴仆都已有了官职,相公独把我忘了呢?”于是泪流不止。齐贤同情地说:“我想不说,你就会怨恨我。你记得当年在江南的时日,偷了我好几件银器吗?我藏在心里三十年,不把这件事告诉别人,你也应该知道的,我任宰相,任用与罢免百官,目的在于揭露丑恶,发扬正气,怎敢推荐小偷强盗做官呢?顾念你服侍我时间长久,现在给你三十万钱,离开我的门下,自己选择安顿的地方。”奴仆感到震惊害怕,哭着拜谢齐贤离去。
拓展阅读:文言文阅读试题及答案
17. 解释下列句子中加点的词。(2分)
(1)尝为江南转运使 为:(2)念汝事我久 念 :18.将文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(2分)
奴震骇,泣拜而去。
译文:19.结合文中具体内容,谈谈你对张齐贤这样处置奴仆的看法?(2分)
17.(1)为:担任(1分)(2)念 :考虑,想到(1分)
18.仆人十分震惊,哭着叩拜离去。(2分)(1句1分)
19.示例一:“门下奴仆皆得迁,唯此奴不沾禄”,表现张齐贤坚持以德为主的用人原则,知人善任。示例二:“我怀之三十年,不以告人”,表现张齐贤的大度与宽容。示例三:“吾待相公久矣”表明该奴仆只是偶尔犯错,但是张齐贤最后还是让他“去吾门下,自择所安”,表现张齐贤铁石心肠,缺乏同情心。示例四:“奴窃银器数件,齐贤于帘下熟视而不问”,表现张齐贤没有及时指出仆人的错误,不与人为善。(结合原文1分,看法能言之成理1分。)